cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of prolyl 3-hydroxylase genes in embryonic and adult mouse tissues.

Collagen requires hydroxylation of its proline residues to achieve proper assembly, structure, and function. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes formation of 4-hydroxyproline, which is essential for collagen triple helix formation and stability. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase catalyzes formation of 3-hydroxyproline, which is far less abundant in collagens and whose function remains unclear. Recently mutations in prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 have been associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, yet the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase family members during development and in adult tissues remain undefined. By northern blot analysis distinct differences in transcript sizes of the three prolyl 3-hydroxylase genes were detected. Quantitative RTPCR demonstrated tissue-specific differences in prolyl 3-hydroxylase expression, most notable of which were high levels of prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 in kidney and prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 expression in embryonic tissues. Finally, in situ hybridization was used to assess spatio-temporal distribution of three prolyl 3-hydroxylases at embryonic days 11–15. Importantly, prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 was expressed within cartilage condensations of the vertebral bodies and in the aortic arch of the developing heart, whereas prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 was expressed in developing lens capsule. The prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 gene showed more generalized expression overlapping somewhat with the other two genes. This report characterizes expression of the three prolyl 3-hydroxylase genes in embryonic and adult mice. Overall these data demonstrate tissue specific prolyl 3-hydroxylase gene expression in both fetal and adult tissues indicating a developmental role for prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity.
Numerical simulation of backdraft phenomena

Abstract This paper reports preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of backdraft observed in an experimental rig at Lund University. The analysis was performed with the CFX software using the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model, a hybrid of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and RANS, in combination with the EDM combustion model. The DES model uses a RANS formulation in wall proximity to avoid computationally expensive grid resolution that is necessary for realistic LES predictions in wall layers. The preliminary results are qualitatively promising. The simulations began at the instant at which the door opens. A stream of fresh and cold air enters the enclosure as a gravity current. In the rig, ignition was triggered by flammable conditions existing at a wire, which was constantly heated. In the CFD model the ignition time is computed automatically when flammability conditions are reached inside the enclosure, at the wire, as part of the analysis. Subsequently, the fire front is formed. The deflagration expels fuel-rich mixture into environment, and the combustion continues outside the enclosure as a typical ‘secondary’ event. Considering that backdraft is a very complex phenomenon, the outcome is considered by the authors to be encouraging.
Magnesioferrite spinel in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sediments of the Pacific basin: Remnants of hot, early ejecta from the Chicxulub impact?

Abstract Magnesioferrite spinel in sediments from six Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary sites in the Pacific basin are found to have relatively uniform compositions and textures. They typically have much higher MgO, Al2O3, andFe2O3/FeO than spinel from K/T boundaries in western Europe and the South Atlantic or in meteor ablation debris. These compositions are similar to those found in a few grains from the K/T boundary at ODP Site 761 (eastern Indian Ocean) and in spherules from a late Pliocene impact. Pacific spinel commonly exhibit unique textures with large, porous, anhedral grains which we believe reflect a myrmekitic intergrowth with another phase that has been destroyed by diagenetic alteration. A prime candidate for this other phase in Ni-rich periclase (Mg,Ni,Fe)O, a mineral that has been observed as trace inclusions in several spinel grains from Pacific Ocean DSDP Sites 577 and 596. The strewnfield for the Pacific spinel extends over > 5% of the Earth's surface, but it could be a much larger area. These spinel must have crystallized from silicate liquids produced by a large impact event. If their source is the impact that made the Chicxulub structure on the Yucata´n Peninsula, Mexico, then there is a clear compositional asymmetry to the distribution of this compoment of the ejecta. We speculate that a possible cause of this asymmetry could be a low-angle impact. If the projectile came in from the east, the vapor cloud would deposit the earliest, hottest materials over the Pacific basin.
Crossover Sexual Offenses

Crossover sexual offenses are defined as those in which victims are from multiple age, gender, and relationship categories. This study investigates admissions of crossover sexual offending from sex offenders participating in treatment who received polygraph testing. For 223 incarcerated and 266 paroled sexual offenders, sexual offenses were recorded from criminal history records and admissions during treatment coupled with polygraph testing. The majority of incarcerated offenders admitted to sexually assaulting both children and adults from multiple relationship types. In addition, there was a substantial increase in offenders admitting to sexually assaulting victims from both genders. In a group of incarcerated offenders who sexually assaulted children, the majority of offenders admitted to sexually assaulting both relatives and nonrelatives, and there was a substantial increase in the offenders admitting to assaulting both male and female children. Although similar trends were observed for the sample of parolees, the rates were far less dramatic. Parolees appeared to have greater levels of denial, had participated in fewer treatment sessions, and perceived greater supervision restrictions as a result of admitting additional offenses. These findings support previous research indicating that many sexual offenders do not exclusively offend against a preferred victim type.
Bit-error-tolerant (512*N)B/(513*N+1)B code for 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet transport

We propose a transcoding from 64B/66B to (512*N)B/(513*N+1)B for bandwidth-efficient transmission of lOGb/s, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet (10/40/100 GbE). We clarify the bit-error tolerance with more than a 10 billion years of mean time to false packet acceptance (MTTFPA) for transcoded 40 GbE transport over OTN. We also propose that the 512B/514B code with Forward Error Correction is applicable to the 10/40/100 GbE transmission.
Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain–snow transition of the Colorado Front Range

In the Colorado Front Range, forested catchments near the rain–snow transition are likely to experience changes in snowmelt delivery and subsurface water transport with climate warming and associated shifts in precipitation patterns. Snowpack dynamics are strongly affected by aspect: Lodgepole pine forested north-facing slopes develop a seasonal snowpack, whereas Ponderosa pine-dotted south-facing slopes experience intermittent snow accumulation throughout winter and spring. We tested the degree to which these contrasting water input patterns cause different near-surface hydrologic response on north-facing and south-facing hillslopes during the snowmelt period. During spring snowmelt, we applied lithium bromide (LiBr) tracer to instrumented plots along a north–south catchment transect. Bromide broke through immediately at 10- and 30-cm depths on the north-facing slope and was transported out of soil waters within 40 days. On the south-facing slope, Br− was transported to significant depths only during spring storms and remained above the detection limit throughout the study. Modelling of unsaturated zone hydrologic response using Hydrus-1D corroborated these aspect-driven differences in subsurface transport. Our multiple lines of evidence suggest that north-facing slopes are dominated by connected flow through the soil matrix, whereas south-facing slope soils experience brief periods of rapid vertical transport following snowmelt events and are drier overall than north-facing slopes. These differences in hydrologic response were largely a function of energy-driven differences in water supply, emphasizing the importance of aspect and climate forcing when considering contributions of water and solutes to streamflow in catchments near the snow line. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of 4-hydroxynonenal in rat brain slices

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is implicated as a neurotoxic 'second messenger' of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism of HNE toxicity is due to alkylation of cellular nucleophilic groups. The C1 aldehyde is key to the alkylation ability of HNE. Oxidation of the C1 aldehyde to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenases. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that HNE oxidation to HNEAcid occurs in rat cerebral cortex utilizing rat cerebral cortical slices exposed extracellularly to HNE. HNEAcid formation occurs in a dose dependent manner with approximately 18-25% of the HNE consumed accounted for by HNEAcid formation. HNEAcid was found exclusively in the incubation media, suggesting that HNEAcid is exported from the cells of the slice. These data demonstrate that HNE detoxification through the oxidation pathway occur in the cerebral cortex.
Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with high-dose cyclophosphamide induction followed by glatiramer acetate maintenance

Background: Previous studies have described stabilization of aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) with one-time induction therapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide (HiCy). The long-term benefit of this stabilization followed by conventional therapy has not been explored.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes following treatment of relapsing–remitting MS with HiCy induction therapy followed by glatiramer acetate maintenance.Methods: A retrospective review of a closely followed population of thirty two MS patients treated with HiCy (200mg/kg intravenous infusion over 4 days) followed by maintenance with glatiramer acetate was performed.Results: Annualized relapse rate was reduced from 1.37 in the 2 years prior to treatment to 0.27 over a mean post-treatment follow-up period of 14 months (range 0.5–33.8). The projected probability of relapse-free survival at 2 years was 0.64 (95% CI 0.37–0.82). The projected probability of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) p...
A rose by any other name? The consequences of subtyping "African-Americans" from "Blacks"

article Racial labels often define how social groups are perceived. The current research utilized both archival and experimental methods to explore theconsequencesof the "Black"vs. "African-American"racial labelsonWhites' evaluations of racial minorities. We argue that the racial label Black evokes a mental representation of a person with lower socioeconomic status than the racial label African-American, and that Whites will react more nega- tively toward Blacks (vs. African-Americans). In Study 1, we show that the stereotype content for Blacks (vs. African-Americans) is lower in status, positivity, competence, and warmth. In Study 2, Whites view a target as lower status when he is identified as Black vs. African-American. In Study 3, we demonstrate that the use of the label Black vs. African-American in a US Newspaper crime report article is associated with a negative emotional tone in that respective article. Finally, in Study 4, we show that Whites view a criminal suspect more negatively when he is identified as Black vs. African-American. The results establish how racial labels can have material consequences for a group.
Impact of weather on urban transit ridership

Utilizing daily ridership data, literature has shown that adverse weather conditions have a negative impact on transit ridership and in turn, result in revenue loss for the transit agencies. This paper extends this discussion by using more detailed hourly ridership data to model the weather effects. For this purpose, the daily and hourly subway ridership from New York City Transit for the years 2010–2011 is utilized. The paper compares the weather impacts on ridership based on day of week and time of day combinations and further demonstrates that the weather’s impact on transit ridership varies based on the time period and location. The separation of ridership models based on time of day provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between trip purpose and weather for transit riders. The paper investigates the role of station characteristics such as weather protection, accessibility, proximity and the connecting bus services by developing models based on station types. The findings indicate substantial differences in the extent to which the daily and hourly models and the individual weather elements are able to explain the ridership variability and travel behavior of transit riders. By utilizing the time of day and station based models, the paper demonstrates the potential sources of weather impact on transit infrastructure, transit service and trip characteristics. The results suggest the development of specific policy measures which can help the transit agencies to mitigate the ridership differences due to adverse weather conditions.
Effects of l-carnitine via in ovo injection with or without l-carnitine feed supplementation on broiler hatchability and posthatch performance

SUMMARY On d 18 of incubation, Ross × Ross 708 eggs were injected immediately before transfer with supplemental l -carnitine at concentrations of 8, 16, or 32 mg/100 µL by using an automated multiegg injector. Three control groups (noninjected and injected with or without diluent) were also included. After hatching, 1,080 male and female broiler chicks were distributed into 90 pens of an experimental broiler house. Chicks hatched from eggs that were injected with l -carnitine at each of the 3 dosages received feed that was or was not supplemented with 50 ppm of l -carnitine, with the total number of treatments increased to 9 with 10 replicate pens per treatment during the grow-out phase of the experiment. None of the treatments had any effect on the incubation time or hatchability of fertilized eggs. At the end of the grow-out phase, birds that were fed supplemental l -carnitine and that had been injected with l -carnitine in ovo had lower BW and ate less feed. However, these same birds also exhibited a reduction in feed conversion when compared with birds that did not receive supplemental dietary l -carnitine. Livability was not affected at hatch or at 21 and 45 d posthatch by any of the experimental treatments. At processing, absolute and relative weights of the carcass, back half, and abdominal fat were found to be unaffected by any of the treatments. Breast meat yield was unaffected, but the absolute breast meat weight was reduced in birds given l -carnitine in ovo and in the feed. On the basis of the responses in feed consumption, final BW, and breast meat weight, supplementation of broiler diets with 50 ppm of l -carnitine appeared to reach toxic levels when provided with 8, 16, or 32 mg/100 µL of l -carnitine administered via in ovo injection.
Operational notation for the analysis and synthesis of optical data-processing systems

This paper describes an operational notation that characterizes basic optical elements as block diagrams and that, for bandlimited optical systems, gives results identical to those obtained by rigorous application of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction formula. In an analysis of a basic optical system in terms of this operational notation, it is shown how the system can perform either the imaging operation or the Fourier transform operation. Repeated application of this basic system results in cascaded systems that perform more complex operations.
Grape Seed and Grape Skin Extracts Elicit a Greater Antiplatelet Effect When Used in Combination than When Used Individually in Dogs and Humans

Grape products, rich in polyphenolics, inhibit platelet aggregation (PA), a risk factor for coronary artery disease. We postulated that combining extracts of grape seed (GSD) and grape skin (GSK), primary sources of grape polyphenolics, individually shown to inhibit PA, might enhance their individual antiplatelet effects. This hypothesis was examined in vitro (human platelets) and ex vivo (dog platelets) by studying the effects of the extracts on collagen-induced whole blood PA. In vitro, threshold concentration of only GSD, individually incubated with blood, significantly inhibited PA; PA was inhibited by 12.7 +/- 3.5% (P < or = 0.01). No significant changes in Pa were observed with threshold concentrations of GSK, used individually. In two dose combinations, GSD and GSK inhibited PA 40.5 +/- 10.1% (P < or = 0.005) and 96.5 +/- 3.1% (P < or = 0.001). In the ex vivo study, seven dogs were fed threshold doses of GSD or GSK individually, in combination or in combination with a proprietary enzyme blend (EB; thought to enhance bioavailability) for 8 d. PA was measured before and after each treatment. PA measurements were also repeated 24 h after the final dose of GSD + GSK + EB. Feeding the extracts individually did not affect PA, whereas feeding them in combination inhibited PA by 31.9 +/- 7.1% (P < or = 0.05). Feeding EB in addition to GSD + GSK inhibited PA by 56.2 +/- 8.1% (P < or = 0.005); 24 h later, PA was still inhibited by 31.5 +/- 10.5% (P < or = 0.05), suggesting a residual antiplatelet effect from the administration of the final dose. The results suggest that the components of GSD and GSK, when present in combination as in red wine, grape juice or in a commercial preparation containing both extracts, exhibit a greater antiplatelet effect than when present individually.
Contrasts in Presidential Campaign Commercials of 1992

This article examines television advertising used during the 1996 presidential campaign. Based on interviews with the advertising creators and coordinators and on repeated viewings by the author and his students, it describes, analyzes, and evaluates the ads. The study reveals that Clinton, using primarily comparative advertising, had a seamless advertising campaign that linked his primary, postprimary/preconvention, and general election ads. His $20 million in additional spending, largely from party sources, gave him an insurmountable and unmatched advantage over Dole. In contrast, the Dole campaign relying on biographical and negative ads changed ad creators during the campaign, resulting in a confused advertising strategy. Perot, excluded from the debates and accepting limited federal funds, was forced to have fewer, more expensive, less watched infomercials and less expensive 15-second ads.
Economic Analysis of Japanese Household Demand for Salmon

The recent glut of both wild and farmed salmon in world markets has forced producers to become aware of the need to expand their marketing efforts to ensure that demand is not outpaced by supply resulting in a further decline in prices. Japan has been a major market for wild salmon, particularly sockeye salmon from North America, since the introduction of the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone. As farmed supplies have continued to increase, exporters such as Norway and Chile have turned their attention to this market as well. Up until now, most of the farmed salmon exported to Japan has been targeted to the restaurant market. If exporters wish to expand their market in Japan, they may focus also on the retail market. Prior to any assessment of the potential of the retail market for fresh farmed salmon, it is useful to understand the role that salmon plays in Japanese household seafood consumption. This paper examines household consumption patterns of salmon in Japan. An econometric model is presented which estimates household demand for fresh and salted salmon focusing specifically on the effects of seasonality, regional location, and prices of other seafood products. Two systems of demand equations, one for each of two regions of Japan, are specified and estimated using monthly data on prices and expenditures to capture the effects on household demand for 12 seafood products. Results indicate that seasonality plays a significant role in the demand for many seafood products, particularly fresh and salted salmon. In addition, these seasonal effects are not necessarily the same between regions of Japan. Salmon competes with different seafood products during different times of the year. A rich variety of factors should be considered when marketing fresh aquacultured salmon in the Japanese retail market.
A personal history: social medicine in a South African setting, 1952–5. Part 2: Social medicine as a calling: ups, downs, and politics in Alexandra Township

This is the second and concluding part of a personal history of social medicine in South Africa in the early years after the second world war.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from reaction of tertiary amines with nitrate radical

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol formation from the reaction of tertiary amines with nitrate radical was investigated in an indoor environmental chamber. Particle chemistry was monitored using a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer while gas-phase species were detected using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer. Trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine were studied. Results indicate that tributylamine forms the most aerosol mass followed by trimethylamine and triethylamine respectively. Spectra from the aerosol mass spectrometer indicate the formation of complex non-salt aerosol products. We propose a reaction mechanism that proceeds via abstraction of a proton by nitrate radical followed by RO2 chemistry. Rearrangement of the aminyl alkoxy radical through hydrogen shift leads to the formation of hydroxylated amides, which explain most of the higher mass ions in the mass spectra. These experiments show that oxidation of tertiary amines by nitrate radical may be an important night-time source of secondary organic aerosol.
Electronic Defects in Beam-Crystallized Silicon

Directed energy sources have been used to recrystallize implanted amorphous layers in bulk single — crystal silicon and to crystallize silicon thin films on insulating amorphous substrates. All investigated forms of beam annealing leave residual electronic defects in and near the recrystallized layer on bulk silicon, with densities in excess of those obtained by conventional furnace annealing. This paper summarizes the general observations that may be drawn from numerous experimental investigations of electronic defects in CW beam — recrystallized bulk silicon and affirms the timeliness of similar comprehensive studies of residual defects in crystallized — silicon thin films.
Evaluation of three- and five-phase PSK

Multiple PSK (phase-shift keying) is considered for M=3 and M=5 as alternative nonbinary signaling schemes for small bit error probability and small bandwidth requirements. The number of bits per symbol for three-phase PSK is 1.585, where as it is 2.322 b per symbol for five-phase PSK with the same required bandwidth as with BPSK (binary PSK) and QPSK (quadrature or four-level PSK). It is shown that three-phase PSK yields smaller bit error probability than QPSK but requires a larger bandwidth per bit. Likewise, five-phase PSK yields a larger bit error probability than QPSK but requires a smaller bandwidth per bit. >
Eustressed or distressed?: combining physiology with observation in user studies

In this article the authors describe a novel way to conduct user studies via the combination of a physiological and an observational information channel. The method enables not only the quantification of arousing emotional states but also their disambiguation into positive or negative instances. The physiological channel targets sympathetic responses and is materialized as a perspiratory signal extracted from thermal imagery of the perinasal area. The observational channel is materialized via decoding of facial expressions. However, while such decoding is usually performed in the visible spectrum, the authors have developed an algorithm to carry this out in thermal imagery instead. Thus, thermal imaging is used for both physiological and observational analysis. The potential of this dual unobtrusive methodology is demonstrated with some examples from a stress study, where users (surgeons in this case) interact with laparoscopic training boxes.
The Ecology of Trunk-To-Trunk Leaping in Saguinus fuscicollis: Implications for Understanding Locomotor Diversity in Callitrichines

Abstract Several species of callitrichines (tamarins, marmosets, and callimicos) are reported to frequently leap between vertical supports when foraging and traveling in the forest understory. In the present study, we examine trunk-to-trunk leaping in a wild group of four habituated adult saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) in northern Bolivia. From June through July, 2011 we analyzed 200 leaps in which the tamarins moved between vertical supports. On average, takeoff height was 4.1 m (±1.3 m, range 1–7.5 m). During the airborne phase of travel the monkeys lost an average of 0.5 m (±0.5 m) at contact with the landing support, and the mean distance leapt was 1.4 m (± 0.7 m). We found no correlation between the diameter at breast height (DBH) of landing and takeoff supports, and either the distance leapt or height gained/lost during leaping. Across callitrichine taxa, it appears that ecological distinctions in diet, patterns of habitat utilization, and predator avoidance strategies have play...
A general constant-frequency pulsewidth modulator and its applications

Constant-frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is the most frequently used method in the control of switching converters. This paper proposes a general PWM modulator that realizes various control schemes with either trailing-edge or leading-edge modulation. Based on that a general double-edge modulator ran be constructed. The proposed modulator is applied to feedforward control of a family of converters, current-mode control with linear or nonlinear compensating slope, and a family of unity-power-factor rectifiers at continuous or discontinuous conduction mode to demonstrate its generality. Experimental and PSPICE verifications are provided.
Comparison of Satiate and Restricted Feeding of Channel Catfish with Diets of Varying Protein Quality in Production Ponds

A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted using satiate and restricted feeding with 32% crude protein diets containing low, medium, and high quality protein. Protein quality in the experimental diets was varied primarily by substituting peanut meal and cottonseed meal for soybean meal. Percentages of lysine, the first-limiting amino acid, were 1.14, 1.33, and 1.61 in the low, medium, and high quality protein diets respectively. Digestible energy concentration of the diets was 2.9 kcal/g. Channel catfish were grown from an average weight of 47 g to marketable size over a 15 wk period at a stocking density of 13,750 fish/ha in 400 m2 earthen ponds. Each treatment was replicated in three ponds. Fish in the satiation group were fed as much as they would consume each day for the 15 wk experimental period. Fish in the restricted group were fed as much as they would consume until the daily feed allowance reached 65 kg/ha, which was reached at approximately week 5 of the experiment, and thereafter, there was no further increase in feed allowance. There was no significant interaction between feeding regimen and dietary protein quality for weight gain or feed conversion. Weight gain and feed efficiency under both satiation and restricted feeding increased linearly as protein quality increased. Protein quality had no influence on protein efficiency ratio (PER) under satiate feeding but had a positive effect on PER under restricted feeding. Protein quality had a positive linear effect on dressing percentage under restricted feeding, but in those fish fed to satiation, dressing percentage only increased between the low and high quality protein treatments. Protein quality had a negative linear effect on muscle fat but had no effect on visceral fat under satiate or restricted feeding. These results indicate that channel catfish are sensitive to protein quality differences in practical feeds at both satiate and restricted feeding rates, and that reduction in protein quality reduces dressing yield and increases muscle fat in food size fish.
Is Long QT Syndrome a Disease of Abnormal Mechanical Contraction

It is generally assumed that long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an arrhythmic disorder that occurs in patients with normal left ventricular systolic function. The present article by Haugaa et al challenges this assumption.1 One hundred and one patients with genetically documented LQTS were systematically compared to an age-matched unaffected control population for differences in regional contraction patterns as assessed by the speckled tracking method. Among the LQTS population, 64 had LQT1, 26 had LQT2, 1 had LQT3, 1 had LQT5, and 9 had documented Jervell and Lange Nielsen Syndrome. About half of all patients with LQTS were symptomatic. Various metrics of regional left ventricular contraction and spatial inhomogeneity of contraction were assessed. In addition to global strain, mean contraction duration measured separately in the longitudinal and circumferential directions was assessed as a mechanical counterpart to action potential duration or QT interval, dispersion of longitudinal or circumferential contraction duration served as a mechanical counterpart to regional (eg, apex versus base) dispersion of repolarization, and differences between longitudinal and circumferential contraction duration within individual regions served as a mechanical counterpart to transmural dispersion of repolarization. The latter measure was based on the assumption that longitudinal and circumferential contraction arise selectively from endocardial and midmyocardial locations, respectively, across the transmural wall. This assumption, in turn, is based on the finding that subendocardium mainly consists of longitudinal fibers, whereas midmyocardium mainly consists of circumferentially oriented fibers.2 Article see p 1355 The principal findings were that, in comparison with normal controls, patients with LQTS exhibited, of course, longer QT interval. However, despite having comparable overall left ventricular ejection fractions, patients with LQTS also had significantly longer contraction duration and greater indices of regional and transmural inhomogeneous contraction times. Moreover, when …
Non-Gonococcal Ophthalmitis Associated with Erythromycin Ointment Prophylaxis of Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Substitution of erythromycin ointment for silver nitrate in the prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) was accompanied by eight infections in 749 (1.1%) well-born and 21 infections in 285 (7.4%) intensive care infants during an eight-month period. This was significantly higher than previous rates of ophthalmitis during the use of silver nitrate, 0.3% (5/1877) and 2.1% (19/904) for well and intensive care infants, (P less than 0.01). Multiple bacteria were isolated, polymicrobial infection occurred frequently and the pattern of bacterial isolates did not favor cross-contamination between infants. Observation suggested the frequent unintentional introduction of ungloved fingers into neonatal eyes during attempts to insert erythromycin ointment. Replacement of ophthalmic ointment with a liquid tetracycline preparation resulted in a decrease in non-gonococcal ophthalmitis to rates similar to the baseline period 8/997 (0.8%) for both nurseries. The increased number of infections appear related to the ointment vehicle, difficulty in its application and the mechanical introduction of bacteria. It is inferred that appropriate application of liquid medication also reduced the risk of inadequate prophylaxis.
Supreme People's Court Interpretations of China's Bankruptcy Law: Translations and Commentary

Following China’s adoption of its Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, effective June 1, 2007, rather few bankruptcy cases have been commenced in China, in part because of judicial uncertainty in how to apply the law in particular cases. In the last four years, the Supreme People’s Court has issued two interpretive rulings to assist the courts in applying the law in particular cases. This article publishes translations of these two interpretive rulings and provides a commentary explaining how they fit in the context of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Additionally, the article describes the further interpretations needed from the People’s Supreme Court for applying the provisions of the law that have not yet been addressed.
Acrylic Platform from Renewable Resources via a Paradigm Shift in Lactide Polymerization

A new polyacrylate, poly(methylidenelactide), with high thermal stability and derived from biobased resources is reported. This polymer is formed from the radical polymerization of a modified lactide derivative and represents one of the few examples of an acrylic from which the entire mass is bioderived and is made from a simplistic synthesis. Furthermore, poly(methylidenelactide) serves as a foundation for a platform of new acrylic structures, owing to pendant cyclic diesters that are susceptible to postpolymerization modification via simple transesterification chemistry. Several examples of unique acrylics made from poly(methylidenelactide) are synthesized and characterized.
Algorithm Development for Determination of Species Concentrations in Post-Combustion Gases

This paper describes the development of algorithms to determine the species concentration in Post-Combustion gases by absorption spectroscopy. Absorption spectroscopy using tunable diode lasers provides a cost-effective and non-intrusive way to determine the concentration of H2 O, CO, CO2 and NO in the exhaust gas streams [1,2]. For each species, wavelength suitable for absorption spectroscopy is determined using the spectra distributions of the species provided in the HITRAN database. Inverse method is used to determine the concentration profile of each species from absorption measurements. The results of the paper provide the foundation to develop dynamic diagnostic instrument to measure the concentration of gaseous species in hostile environments such as furnaces, industrial burners, and stacks.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Ultrafast fluorescence decay profiles reveal differential unstacking of 2-aminopurine from neighboring bases in single-stranded DNA-binding protein subsites.

Gene 5 protein (g5p) is a dimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein encoded by Ff strains of Escherichia coli bacteriophages. The 2-fold rotationally symmetric binding sites of a g5p dimer each b...
Routledge handbook of water economics and institutions

The editors divide their book into four sections with the first section focusing on water scarcity and management. Chapter 1, Rosegrant’s global outlook for water, food and hydropower serves as a g...
Investigation of the Health Status of 293 Peasants

[Objective]To understand the health status of the peasants and provide evidence for the work of health promotion among peasants. [Methods] Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (Version 1.0 SRHMS) was applied to investigate the health status of 293 peasants in a poor village. [Results] The SRHMS score of the male peasants was higher than that of the female; the score decreased with the increase of age and working length, while increased with the education level and economic condition; the scores declined along with the order of single, married, divorce and widow.[Conclusion]Occupational harmful factors, marital status and economic condition have certain influence on the physical, psychological and social health of the peasants.
An international working party on assessing hypertension control in populations: a proposal.

Hypertension is a world-wide public health problem. High blood pressure control efforts have been and are being implemented in order to reduce this burden of unnecessary death and morbidity in most societies. Standard methods of assessment will be developed for the measurement of the goals and strategies of hypertension control In populations ; and establishing the means for international comparisons of results. The products of the Working Party are expected to become an international guide and resource for the establishment and assessment of hypertension control.
Updates on antigen retrieval techniques for immunohistochemistry

自从应用抗原修复技术的文章于1991年发表后[1],抗原修复技术(煮沸石蜡切片于水溶液中)迅速、广泛应用于常规甲醛固定、石蜡包埋组织切片的免疫组织化学染色,从而打开了从传统形态学迈向分子形态学的大门.抗原修复技术被誉为免疫组织化学技术的革命性突破[2]。
Towards automating explanations

This paper discusses an approach to the modelling of the explanation process within the framework of a graphics-based CAD system currently under development, which can describe its own use, including the common ways to make and recover from errors. With a coordinated textual and pictorial display, the system, CADHELP, simulates an expert demonstrating the operation of the graphical features of the CAD tool. It consults a knowledge base of feature scripts, built up using situational script and commonsense algorithmic methods, to explain a feature, generate prompts as the feature is being operated, and to give certain types of "help" when a feature is misused. CADHELP provides these services by summarizing the feature script in different ways depending upon what it has told the user previously. The summarization process is based upon a series of "sketchification" strategies, which prescribe which parts of a knowledge structure, a causal chain, or a single concept can be thrown away, since the listener should be able to infer them.
Forced Convection Cooled Thermistors Used as Magnet Lead Flow Sensors

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a simple, inexpensive method for monitoring the flow, which cools the 12×50 Amp corrector power leads for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Since there are more than 500 leads of this type distributed around the 3.8 km circumference accelerator, each requiring flow control and monitoring, the use of conventional mass flow meters is not economically feasible. The device consists of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor mounted inside a tube, through which helium gas flows from the power lead. The helium gas cools the sensor through convection causing a temperature change and therefore a resistance change in the sensor. The electrical circuit reacts by adjusting the current supplied to the sensor to maintain the resistance at a constant value. The change in current is used to calculate the helium mass flow rate. The flow meter monitors flow in the range of .03 to .05 g/s with an accuracy of plus or minus 10%. Presented here are the design calculations as well as the flow meter performance.
CDMA-based network-on-chip architecture

We present a network-on-chip (NoC) architecture that is based on code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques. The orthogonality properties of a Walsh code are used to route data packets between resources. A star network topology allows a hierarchical switching platform to be constructed which can be scaled to handle large systems. The switching element and network topology are described and algorithms for modulation and demodulation of packets are presented. Simulation results for throughput and latency are given.
Optimal shaped beam reflector antenna design

For some antenna applications, radiation is required to be of narrow beam in one plane and to conform to a specified shape in the perpendicular plane. A common example of such an antenna is found in airborne navigational systems which require a cosecant-squared elevation radiation pattern and a narrow beam azimuth pattern.
Managing Partnerships in Community-Based Research

Community-based research (CBR) combines service-learning with participatory or applied research and can be a powerful teaching tool in social science methods classes. Incorporating applied research...
Shared intentions, public reason, and political autonomy

John Rawls claims that public reasoning is the reasoning of ‘equal citizens who as a corporate body impose rules on one another backed by sanctions of state power’. Drawing upon an amended version ...
Investigation of signaling mechanisms of an alternative cell death pathway (aponecrosis) induced by arsenic trioxide, ascorbic acid and disulfiram in human pancreatic cancer cells.

5575 Resistance to apoptotic-induction is a major obstacle to pancreatic cancer treatment. In the search for alternative treatment strategies, one approach is to bypass apoptosis by induction of alternative cell death pathways, such as the recently described death pathway called aponecrosis. Previously, we found that human pancreatic cancer cell lines underwent rapid cell death when treated with clinically achievable concentrations of arsenic trioxide (A), ascorbic acid (A) and disulfiram (antabuse, A) (AAA), which began as apoptosis and was rapidly converted to necrosis (aponecrosis). The PANC-1, MIA-PACA-2, BxPC-3 and AsPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell lines demonstrated a synergistic cell death response to AAA, which was not duplicated in normal marrow stem cells, MCF-10F (non-malignant breast cells), and a normal skin fibroblast line (27sk). Understanding the molecular pathway of AAA-induced aponecrosis may help determine the mechanism for this differential response. AAA-treatment resulted in increased O2- in PANC-1 and MIA-PACA-2 cells within 4h, rising 16.5 and 14.8 fold respectively. N-acetyl cysteine, or the SOD mimetic MnTMPyP, lowered the increased O2- producing a parallel decline in cell death. Increased O2- from AAA treatment was not observed in the non-malignant breast cancer cell line, MCF-10. Increased MAP kinase phosphorylation, and lowered Bcl-2 levels, was observed by Western blot, which paralleled the rising O2-. In addition, the JNK inhibitor SP600125, and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, significantly augmented AAA-induced death in PANC-1 cells from 39.6 ± 2.6% to 80 ±1.7% and 62 ±4% respectively. This suggests that MAP, JNK and p38 kinases, which are known to be activated by ROS, may play an important, yet unknown role in AAA-induced death.
Kinesin-dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport

Keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) are the major cytoskeletal component in epithelial cells. The dynamics of keratin IFs have been described to depend mostly on the actin cytoskeleton, but the rapid transport of fully polymerized keratin filaments has not been reported. In this work, we used a combination of photoconversion experiments and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 genome editing to study the role of microtubules and microtubule motors in keratin filament transport. We found that long keratin filaments, like other types of IFs, are transported along microtubules by kinesin-1. Our data revealed that keratin and vimentin are nonconventional kinesin-1 cargoes because their transport did not require kinesin light chains, which are a typical adapter for kinesin-dependent cargo transport. Furthermore, we found that the same domain of the kinesin heavy chain tail is involved in keratin and vimentin IF transport, strongly suggesting that multiple types of IFs move along microtubules using an identical mechanism.-Robert, A., Tian, P., Adam, S. A., Kittisopikul, M., Jaqaman, K., Goldman, R. D., Gelfand, V. I. Kinesin-dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport.
Tri-Hybrid Learning

Tri-hybrid learning is a combination of classroom learning (or face-to-face meetings), Web use (i.e., Web site, CMS), and 3D VLE (e.g., Second Life©, There©, Activity Worlds©). This method of learning takes the popular method of blended learning to the next level. Virtual worlds act as equalizer in a number of ways that simply cannot occur in a classroom. People are no longer judged for their race, gender, sexual orientation, dress, physical disabilities, etc. Virtual worlds like Second Life©, There©, and Active Worlds© have their own advantages and disadvantages that should be considered before deciding on a type of VLE to use. By utilizing the tri-hybrid model, the instructor is afforded the flexibility to present specific instructional materials and activities within the format which best supports them. The VLE is similar to a constructivist approach and problem-based learning, which potentially increase critical thinking skills within the classroom. Tri-hybrid learning lends itself to the development of increased interaction and student engagement by offering a multi-pronged approach for student-to-student and student-to-instructor interaction. Institutional support is needed to successfully use this method, including technical support and training for staff and students and a potential source for funding. However, there are alternatives to institutional support such as mergers with other institutions or user groups.
Stellenwert des Laser-Einsatzes bei der Varizentherapie

Die Lasertherapie hat in umgrenzten Gebieten der Gefaschirurgie zunehmend Einzug gehalten. Sie findet Anwendung bei der Gefasrekanalisation, der Gefasokklusion, der Gewebefusion sowie der Durchblutungsforderung im Bereich der Ulcus-cruris-Therapie. Um ihren Stellenwert zu erfassen, wird eine Literaturrecherche vorgenommen mit dem Ziel, anhand der auswertbaren Arbeiten den jetzigen Stand der Behandlungsmoglichkeit im Rahmen der Varizenchirurgie aufzuzeigen.
Media and Conditions for the Growth of Halophilic and Halotolerant Bacteria and Archaea

An awareness of haloarchaea has existed since ancient times, with published descriptions of “red waters” associated with salt mining, the “red heat” of salted hides, and the “reddening” of salted fish (Bass-Becking 1931; Kurlansky 2002). For a society without refrigeration, the economic impact of codfish deterioration garnered particular attention, with Farlow (1878) oft cited as the first to publish on what were presumably haloarchaea . The early growth media of Eddington (1887) and Le Dantec (1891) reflected natural high-protein substrates, using beef peptone, gelatins, and fish broths, solidified with agar, flour, or bread paste. While some early studies used pieces of fish soaked in various brines (Hoye 1908; Klebahn 1919; Harrison and Kennedy 1922), many included ground cod or a cod broth, or media based on beef bouillon or beef gelatin (Beckwith 1911; Bitting 1911; Becker 1912; Kellerman 1915; Clayton and Gibbs 1927; Velu 1929). Milk was introduced as a preferred organic constituent by Bitting (1911) and Kellerman (1915), but was popularized by Lockhead (1934). Rice flour, wheat flour or whole rice grains often were used as gelling agents (Clayton and Gibbs 1927; Robertson 1931; Boury 1934; Gibbons 1937). Silica gel was suggested to reduce organic content of solidified media (Hanks and Weintraub 1936; Moore 1940 1941). It was recognized that alkaline culture conditions were useful for growing certain halophilic microbes (Stather and Liebscher 1929) and that halophilic obligate anaerobes could be grown on a cooked meat medium (Baumgartner 1937). The seminal paper of Harrison and Kennedy (1922) focused on the difficulties of growing the organisms responsible for red discolorations on salted fish, trying many media recipes including those based on cider, milk, broths, sugars, and potatoes. While the red organisms proved difficult to isolate, as an aside, the paper discusses a broad diversity of non-red halophilic organisms that were more easily isolated on these media.
Everyday Research Implications of Catholic Theological Positions: An American Perspective

This chapter discusses a series of areas where social science research relates to Catholic doctrine: family issues, not least divorce and same-sex unions; the nature of work, including the nature of self-actualization; economic life, including both the dignity of the individual and the common good; political community, justice, and education; Church teaching, including such themes as peace, regard for one’s neighbor, and simplicity in living.