cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Resting Tension on Contractility and Morphology of the Papillary Muscle.

SummaryPapillary muscles of the cat subjected to various resting tensions exhibited morphologic changes, the severity of which could be correlated with degree of loading with loads of 3 g or greater. These changes were similar to those which occur post mortem in cardiac muscle and appeared whether the muscle was stimulated to contract or subjected to static tension. Morphologic alterations appeared in both isotonic and isometric preparations but appeared more severe in isotonic preparations. Rate and degree of failure of isotonically contracting muscles could be correlated with size of the resting load but such a correlation was not observed with muscles contracting under isometric conditions.
Evidence of static fatigue of silica in hermetic environments

In the fiber-optics industry, current interest about the static, or dynamic, fatigue of optical fibers centers around accurate prediction of fatigue lifetimes based on readily available laboratory data. Although the influence of temperature, humidity, chemical acidity, loading rate, and stress on the static fatigue behavior has been addressed by various investigators,1,2 little is known about fatigue behavior in hermetic environments or at very slow crack growth velocities (<10—13 msec-1). Since knowledge of the static fatigue behavior in these regimes would be useful for lifetime predictions, a series of static fatigue tests utilizing metal-coated silica fibers was conducted. Results of static fatigue tests on metal-coated fibers have been shown to be independent of the external environment.3
Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanofibril Heterojunctions into Highly Photoconductive Materials

Photoconductive organic materials have gained increasing interest in various optoelectronics, such as sensors, photodetectors, and photovoltaics. However, the availability of such materials is very limited due to their intrinsic low charge carrier density and mobility. Here, we present a simple approach based on nanofibril heterojunction to achieve high photoconductivity with fast photoresponse, that is, interfacial engineering of electron donor (D) coating onto acceptor (A) nanofibers via optimization of hydrophobic interaction between long alkyl side-chains. Such nanofibril heterojunctions possess two prominent features that are critical for efficient photocurrent generation: the nanofibers both create a large D/A interface for increased charge separation and act as long-range transport pathways for photogenerated charge carriers toward the electrodes, and the alkyl groups employed not only enable effective surface adsorption of D molecules on the nanofibers for effective electron-transfer communication, but also spatially separate the photogenerated charge carriers to prevent their recombination. The reported approach represents a simple, adaptable method that allows for the development and optimization of photoconductive organic materials.
Public Emergency Room Overcrowding in the Era of Mass Imprisonment

Although sociologists have long studied public emergency rooms (ERs) and their service delivery to the urban poor, little is known about how crime control and criminal justice contact affect ER admission decisions—a critical oversight given the documented increase in incarceration rates, intensification of policing, and proliferation of crime control language in public institutions. Using ethnographic methods and a count of ER admission decisions (N = 1,114), this article describes the continual rushing and delaying of medical resources to patients based on their perceived criminality or actual relationship to the criminal justice system. These dynamics develop through four processes: (1) widespread administration of pain medication, which associates waiting patients with criminal narcotics; (2) deployment of criminal stigma along race and gender lines to select some qualified patients over others; (3) patrolling of waiting rooms by police; and (4) rushing of beds to vast numbers of arrestees, inmates, an...
Vegetational Gradients and Proximity to Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Burrows in an Old Field

Comparison of vegetation near and distant from 10 woodchuck ( Marmota monax ) burrows in a diverse field 6 years old revealed differences at both community and species levels. Total plant cover increased with distance from burrows. Species-richness was low near and distant from burrows and relatively high at intermediate distances, a result consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense ), Kentucky blue-grass ( Poa pratensis ), and fescue ( Festuca elatior ) increased, and orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ) decreased with distance from burrows. While woodchucks strongly affect only a small fraction of the field (ca. 2%), they are important agents in creating a vegetational mosaic and in creating source areas for species of colonizing plants.
Investigation on the conditions of environment sanitation and the effect of intervention in floods-riddca areas

Objective To Investigate the state of environment sanitation and the effect of intervention in floods-riddca areas.Methods Researchers made the interviewees fill in the questionnaires and the samples were tested.Results In the disaster area,the state of environment sanitation and the passing rate of water quality was disappoiting,by the county standards of grade-3 water,the water quality of different drinkingwater source were tested and a low passing rate were obtained in intervention and compare area.Conclusion intervention measures takert have improved the state of environment sanitation,and contributed to prevent diseases after disaster.
Pesticide Residues on Market Selling Vegetables in Guilin

Objective To analyze the variety and quantity of the pesticide residues on the market selling vegetables in Guilin,and to understand the pollution status. Methods Totally 253 Samples of vegetables and fresh edible mushrooms were randomly collected in the same famer's market and 34 kinds of the pesticides were tested,including organophosphorus,pyrethroids,carbamates and trichloride. The results were compared with national standards. Results The detection rate and unqualified rate were respectively 54. 9% and 22. 9%,with the most severity in cauliflower( 73. 9% and 56. 5%,respectively). Conclusion The pesticide pollution of market vegetables in Guilin is of considerably sever. Usage of pyrethriods pesticide is on a rising. Violations in pesticide using is existed and also is the case of combined utilization.
Growth Dynamics of Black Pearl Cherry New Shoots and Fruits

The experiment was carried out to investigate the growth dynamics of black pearl cherry new shoots and fruit. Results showed that the new shoots began to grow in early march and stopped growing until late June with five growth peaks.Blade quantity growth continued to mid-June with five growth peaks. Enlargement growth stopped in late August with four peaks with the whole growth period of 148 d. Fruits stopped growing in late May with the growing period of 49~56 d; Fruit had two fast growing period ranged from 5 April to 12 April and from 26 April to 3 May. 26 April to 3 May was the most peak of fruit growth throughout the year. There were 3~4 times growth peaks for new shoots net increase of black pearl cherry. There were two growth peaks for fruit longitudinal diameter, wide diameter and thick diameter, respectively. In addition to the first growth spurt, black pearl cherry fruit longitudinal diameter, wide diameter, thick diameter growth peak and new shoots appeared alternately. The nutrient and water management should be strengthened in the first year to increase the nutrient accumulation of trees; The best applying time of strong fruit fertilizer was Mid-April. The top dressing should be strengthened in the new shoots growth and fruit enlargement period to relieve the competition between shoots and fruits. The proper harvest time was from mid-May to late-May.
Potential Public Health Impact of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Breastfeeding reduces infant morbidity and mortality caused by many diseases. The impact of breastfeeding may due in large measure to the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Many HMOs are analogs to histo-blood group antigens on the mucosal surface that some pathogens use for binding and infection and can thus serve as pathogen-binding inhibitors. HMOs also shift microbial community composition and function and influence host immune response. Due to breakthroughs in biosynthesis, testing HMOs as therapeutic agents is now imaginable. Synthesized, bioidentical HMOs could be developed and tested for prevention or treatment of many conditions, for which oral intake is ensured, particularly those that involve GI infection or microbial dysbiosis and inflammation and, in some way, GI glycosylation (fucosylation or sialylation). Patient populations that should have high priority for testing HMOs include preterm infants and inflammatory bowel disease patients, as well as individuals with intestinal failure and immunocompromised patients.
Psychology between science and common sense: William James and the problems of psychological language in the Principles

The suspicion that language can become an obstacle to human knowledge is not new in the Western intellectual tradition. Following the empiricist legacy, many authors have suggested the perils and pitfalls of common sense language for science. Applied to psychology, this leads to the issue of the reliability of psychological language for scientific psychology. William James, in his Principles of Psychology, was one of the first psychologists to address this problem explicitly. The goal of this paper is to situate his position and contrast it with contemporary debates over the status of folk psychology. The results indicate that James conceived of common sense psychology in a very complex manner, and pointed to a kind of illusion that remains ignored in the current literature, with negative consequences for psychology. I conclude by suggesting the relevance of James for contemporary debates in theoretical and philosophical psychology.
Effect of different levels of honey on physiological, growth and carcass traits of broiler chickens during dry season

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of different levels of honey in drinking water on the responses of broiler chickens during dry season in hot humid tropics. Three hundred Oba Marshall broiler chicks were used for this study. The day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with each treatment having four replicates of 15 birds. The first 4 treatment groups were daily supplied drinking water without honey (0H), with 20 ml (20H), 40 ml (40H) and 60 ml (60H) of honey per liter of water. The fifth group received drinking water supplemented with 500 mg vitamin C per liter of water (C). Records on daily weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI) were taken. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated as the ratio of gain to feed consumed. The supplementation of honey in the drinking water for broiler chickens in 60H during hot dry season in the hot humid tropics improved some stress indices, body weight gain and relative spleen weight.
The Role of Sleep Spindles in Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation

A well-established literature supports a critical role of sleep for learning and memory (Abel et al. in Curr Biol 23(17);R774–R788, 2013; Diekelmann and Born in Nat Rev Neurosci 11(2):114–126, 2010; Rasch and Born in Physiol Rev 93(2):681–766, 2013; Tononi and Cirelli in Sleep Med Rev 10(1):49–62, 2014). Studies have demonstrated memory improvements following a period of sleep compared to an equivalent time awake, and specific sleep features have been shown to correlate with improvements in discrete memory domains. For example, overnight procedural motor learning correlates with the amount of stage 2 sleep (Walker et al. in Neuron 35(1):205–211, 2002; Learn Mem 10(4):275–284, 2003), non-hippocampal dependent perceptual learning correlates with the product of the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Mednick et al. in Nat Neurosci 6(7):697–698, 2003; Stickgold et al. in J Cogn Neurosci 12(2):246–254, 2000), and implicit priming also appears to depend on REM sleep (Cai et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(25);10130–10134, 2009). One feature of sleep that is widely implicated in memory processing is the sleep spindle, short (0.5–3 s) bursts of oscillatory activity in the frequency range of approximately 12–15 Hz (Spindles have also been defined as slow as 8–12 Hz, with some indication that these slow spindles may be physiologically distinct from alpha frequency, which oscillates in the same frequency range (8–12 Hz) but has a different spatial distribution (Manshanden et al. in Clin Neurophysiol 113(12):1937–1947, 2002). However, more data is required to determine the distinctiveness of these two signals. For the purpose of this chapter, we will primarily discuss spindles defined as ~12–15 Hz.). This chapter aims to (1) summarize correlational and causal evidence supporting the role of sleep spindles in memory processing; and (2) describe spindle dynamics and how they may be related to proposed mechanisms of sleep-dependent consolidation.
A new species of cotton from Wake Atoll, Gossypium stephensii (Malvaceae).

Abstract Wake Atoll is an isolated chain of three islets located in the Western Pacific. Included in its endemic flora is a representative of the genus Gossypium colloquially referred to as Wake Island cotton. Stanley G. Stephens pointed out that “Wake Island cotton does not resemble closely either the Caribbean or other Pacific forms.” Taking into consideration morphological distinctions, the geographic isolation of Wake Atoll, and newly generated molecular data presented here, we conclude that the cottons of Wake Atoll do in fact represent a new species of Gossypium, here named Gossypium stephensii. This name is chosen to commemorate the eminent natural historian, evolutionary geneticist, and cotton biologist, S. G. Stephens.
Risk perception and knowledge of breast and colon cancers in a diverse population.

1563 Background: The accuracy of cancer risk perception has implications for preventive behaviors. Studies show that despite receiving personalized breast and colon cancer risk information, people ...
Decisional and Dispositional Capacity Determinations: Neuropsychiatric Illness and an Integrated Clinical Paradigm

Background Assessment of decisional capacity requires thorough clinical review of a patient's current psychiatric symptoms and cognitive processes. The assessment to determine the patient's capacity for self-management postdischarge is a different clinical concept from decisional capacity. Objectives Standardized guidelines for capacity determinations (both for informed consent and for disposition) would be helpful to clinicians, patients, and their caregivers. Method The authors reviewed the recent clinical literature on neuropsychiatric illnesses associated with impaired decisional capacity, as well as for the term "dispositional capacity." Results Neurocognitive disorders and neurologic disorders are commonly associated with impaired decisional capacity; other psychiatric illnesses are less commonly associated. There were no articles identified that used the term "dispositional capacity" to describe a subtype of decisional capacity determination. No definition or guidelines for determination of dispositional capacity were found. Conclusions Routine evaluation for neurocognitive disorders including standardized cognitive assessment should be included in decisional capacity determinations. There is a need for a new subtype of decisional capacity determination, for which we propose the term "dispositional capacity." This concept is introduced and defined. For dispositional capacity determinations, supplementation of the usual decisional capacity evaluation with in vivo demonstration of self-management skills is recommended. Decisional and dispositional capacity determination is conceptualized with a biopsychosociocultural approach and guidelines for standardized assessment are presented.
Overcoming Barriers: Organizational Effectiveness of College Sustainability Offices

Abstract This study assesses the organizational effectiveness of six small colleges that have demonstrated a commitment to campus sustainability practices. Given the complex structures and competing demands within a small college, it can be difficult to measure the success of a sustainability office. This research uses the ability to overcome common barriers as a metric for assessing the success of these sustainability offices. By better understanding the effectiveness of the organizational structure of these campus sustainability offices, a college can better meet the present and future demands for increased sustainability practices. The interviews with key informants from the sustainability offices explain the challenges of operating in this environment, and can guide administrators, staff, and students in how to overcome them. Sustainability offices that are more integrated into the overall operating structure of the college were found to be more effective in achieving their goals.
Beyond Falcon: Industrial Applications of Knowledge-Based Systems

Abstract In 1983, the University of Delaware made a research proposal to Du Pont and the Foxboro Company to apply knowledge-based systems for fault analysis in a commercial chemical process. Because both companies were interested in this technology, a cooperative research effort called the Falcon project was formed among the three organizations. It was one of the early projects to apply real-time, on-line, knowledge-based systems in the petrochemical industry. Since this initial research in the 1980s, the application of this technology has matured and is now driven by business needs and the commercial development of the technology. Many of the valuable lessons learned from Falcon have helped establish Du Pont as a leader in applying on-line, knowledge-based systems. Overall, two major trends have emerged since the Falcon project: 1) applications focus on solving specific problems with a high business impact ranging from process watchdogging to transition management, and 2) improved commercial tools and a standard system infrastructure have lowered some of the costs associated with fielding knowledge-based systems applications.
Weaker Bonds with Shorter Bond Lengths

Um dos paradigmas da quimica preve que uma ligacao mais curta de um dado tipo e sempre a ligacao mais forte. Apesar disto funcionar qualitativamente para alguns compostos, nao existe em geral prova de que isso seja sempre correto. Neste trabalho, nos discutimos moleculas para as quais ligacoes longas levam a ligacoes fortes ao contrario de ligacoes fracas. Isto e possivel introduzindo constantes de forca dos modos locais de estiramento como descritores de forca de ligacao confi aveis. Para as aminas fluoradas NH2 F (1), NHF2 (2), e NF3 (3), o comprimento de ligacao NF diminui enquanto que a forca da ligacao diminui. Efeitos similares sao encontrados para ligacoes envolvendo um elemento pesado com um efeito relativistico distinto. Uma razao para estes resultados sera dada.
Farmer participation in a climate-smart future: Evidence from the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project

Abstract Smallholder agricultural carbon market projects have potential to achieve climate-smart agriculture (CSA), a “triple-win” for food security, climate change mitigation, and adaptation. Farmer participation is critical for achieving widespread impact, yet their adoption of sustainable land management practices is constrained by eligibility, willingness, and ability to participate. This research examines how the Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project enabled smallholder participation, with results emphasizing the importance of institutional conditions and farmers’ perceptions. Findings highlight the necessity of international collaborations and high levels of synergistic coordination. Building social capital and adopting participatory learning approaches are strategies that can increase participation and create inclusive climate-smart agriculture projects.
Synergistic growth inhibition of human cancer cells with atrasentan and a Bcl-2 inhibitor

4893 Endothelin-1 (ET-1), acting through its receptor ET A R, functions in normal tissue to regulate blood pressure and affect tissue differentiation and cell proliferation. It is also thought to play a role in the stimulation and metastasis of cancer cells. Atrasentan , an oral selective ET A R antagonist currently in clinical trials, inhibits ET-1 activity. Inhibitors of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein overexpressed in numerous human tumors, have been shown to induce apoptosis and sensitize cancer cells to various therapies. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of combining Atrasentan and a Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-737: Abbott Laboratories) on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Cells were exposed to Atrasentan (5 - 30 μM) or ABT-737 ( 1-10 μM) alone or in combination for 3 days (16 different dose combinations were tested). Cell growth was determined using the colorimetric MTT tetrazolium dye assay. The Chou-Talalay method of isobologram analysis was performed to determine synergism. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed in both cell lines after 3 days exposure to each agent alone. Exposure to the combination of Atrasentan and the ABT-737 Bcl-2 inhibitor resulted in synergistic growth inhibition in both the MCF-7 human breast and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. These results suggest this combination may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating breast and prostate cancer patients.
Hydrogen cyanide produced by the soil bacterium Chromobacterium sp. Panama contributes to mortality in Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae.

Mosquito larvae continuously encounter microbes in their aquatic environment, which serve as food and play a critical role in successful development. In previous work, we isolated a Chromobacterium sp. (C.sp_P) with larvicidal activity from the midgut of dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes in Panama. In this study, we found a positive correlation between initial concentrations of C.sp_P and larval mortality rates, and that C.sp_P is more efficient at inducing larval mortality in a high nutrient environment. Multiple Chromobacterium species induce larval mortality with similar efficacy to C.sp_P except for C. subtsugae. We also found that a non-lethal dose of C.sp_P lengthens development time and increases mortality over multiple developmental stages, suggesting persistent effects of exposure. Additionally, we showed that larvicidal activity persists in the larval breeding water after removal of live bacteria, and that the larvicidal factor in C.sp_P-treated water is smaller than 3 kDa, heat resistant to 90 °C, and lost after vacuum centrifugation. We showed that C.sp_P produces hydrogen cyanide in culture and in larval water at concentrations sufficient to kill An. gambiae larvae, and treatment of the larval water with a cyanide antidote eliminated larvicidal activity. We conclude that a potential mechanism by which C.sp_P can induce larval mortality is via production of hydrogen cyanide.
Abnormal X chromosomes in man: Origin, behavior and effects

Abnormal human X chromosomes, their origin, phenotypic effects, and especially their inactivation are reviewed. In cases of balanced reciprocal X-autosomal translocations (Table 2), almost always the normal X is inactivated. Most of such patients suffer from gonadal dysgenesis, which might be caused either by functional hemizygosity for a recessive gene or by a position effect resulting from a rearrangement involving a certain region of Xq. In cases with 46 chromosomes and an unbalanced X-X translocation, the translocation chromosome is inactivated; in most such patients, an X0 cell line is also present (Table 3). Some of the possible modes of origin of such translocations are presented in Fig. 1; these also explain the occurrence of the X0 cell lines. In patients with 46 chromosomes and an unbalanced X-autosomal translocation, the whole translocation chromosome seems to be inactivated, if the autosomal segment is attached to Xp. If on the other hand the segment is, attached to Xq, inactivation seems to be limited to the X part (Fig. 3). There are reasons for assuming the existence of an inactivation center without which an X chromosome cannot be inactivated. This center would be located on the proximal part of Xq. (Abnormal chromosomes with two such centers tend to form bipartite Barr bodies.) If 2 X chromosomes possess an inactivation center each, they would originally be inactivated at random, it then being left to selection to determine the final frequencies of the cell lines with different inactivation patterns. The phenotypic effects of monosomy, disomy and trisomy for different parts of Xp and Xq are discussed (Fig. 3).
Approach as a Description of the Nature of Scientific Activity: Some Reflections and Suggestions

Progress in psychology (and probably in any science) is not made in an orderly fashion, (i.e., stating a problem, choosing a method, and developing a theory). In reality, the course of everyday scientific activities is quite different. Precise steps are uncertain in an unknown area of thought. Therefore, tentative hunches are made, and then deviations from these notions take place. New ideas leading away from the major problem come to one’s mind and may be followed for a while. Insights leading into blind alleys and insights about related problems emerge, complicating the original problem of investigation. The journal article report, that is, the description of the research, leaves out the above tentative steps and instead presents in a brief, orderly and logical form only three of the research constituents: the problem of investigation, method used to gather data, and concepts and their relations to each other. The orderly method of presentation was arrived at after the study was completed and after everything was known.
A surface p-nitrophenyl phosphatase of frog gastric mucosa.

Abstract The isolated frog gastric muscoa catalyzes the hydrolysis of p- nitrophenyl phosphate, whether instilled on the nutrient or secretory surface. The p- nitrophenyl phosphate activity, with the substrate on the secretory surface, is increased significantly when acid secretion is stimulated by histamine, and it is inhibited when acid secretion is inhibited by anoxia, ouabain, fluoride, or withdrawal of K+ from the nutrient solution. This enzymatic activity seems to reflect corresponding changes in the area of apical membranes of oxyntic cells.
Haptic exploration attenuates and alters somatosensory cortical oscillations.

Key points Several behavioural studies have shown the sensory perceptions are reduced during movement; yet the neurophysiological reason for this is not clear. Participants underwent stimulation of the median nerve when either sitting quietly (i.e. passive stimulation condition) or performing haptic exploration of a ball with the left hand. Magnetoencephalographic brain imaging and advanced beamforming methods were used to identify the differences in somatosensory cortical responses. We show that the neural populations active during the passive stimulation condition were strongly gated during the haptic exploration task. These results imply that the reduced haptic perceptions might be governed by gating of certain somatosensory neural populations. Abstract Several behavioural studies have shown that children have reduced sensory perceptions during movement; however, the neurophysiological nexus for these altered perceptions remains unknown. We used magnetoencephalographic brain imaging and advanced beamforming methods to address this knowledge gap. In our experiment, a cohort of children (aged 10-18 years) underwent stimulation of the median nerve when either sitting quietly (i.e. passive stimulation condition) or performing haptic exploration of a ball with the left hand. Our results revealed two novel observations. First, there was a relationship between the child's age and the strength of the beta (18-26 Hz) response seen within the somatosensory cortices during the passive stimulation condition. This suggests that there may be an age-dependent change in the processing of peripheral feedback by the somatosensory cortices. Second, all of the cortical regions that were active during the passive stimulation condition were almost completely gated during the haptic task. Instead, the haptic task involved neural oscillations within Brodmann area 2, which is known to convey less spatially precise tactile information but is involved in the processing of more complex somatosensations across the respective digits. These results imply that the reduced somatosensory perceptions seen during movements in healthy children may be related to the gating of certain neural generators, as well as activation of haptic-specific neural generators within the somatosensory cortices. The utilization of such haptic-specific circuits during development may lead to the enhanced somatosensory processing during haptic exploration seen in healthy adults.
Standardization and the Cost of Using Knowledge

Voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) are an important catalyst for innovation in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries. We explore mechanisms that link knowledge use in the ICT sector to specific activities performed by SSOs. In particular, we argue that SSOs reduce the cost of knowledge access in two critical ways. First, SSOs reduce the transactions costs associated with using knowledge protected by intellectual property rights. Second, SSOs incur the fixed cost of discovering and defining a shared interface for key innovation inputs, so firms can rely on common standards as opposed to investing in their own absorptive capacity. We develop a formal model of these ideas and test it using data that link ICT standards to patents on the underlying technology. Our main findings show that the increase in post-standard patent citations is largest for firms with greater ex ante costs of accessing the underlying knowledge.
Transactional Smart Contracts in Blockchain Systems.

This paper presents TXSC, a framework that provides smart contract developers with transaction primitives. These primitives allow developers to write smart contracts without the need to reason about the anomalies that can arise due to concurrent smart contract function executions.
Zwizualizowany imperializm i narodowa identyfikacja. Kilka przykładów kościelnego malarstwa w Gruzji od 1801 do 1918 roku

In different periods, Christian wall paintings have visualised various attitudes towards programmes, images and iconographies that were closely linked with the religious identities of communities. Following the emergence of nationalism in Georgia in the mid-19th century, wall paintings of this period also began to respond to national identity. The chronological limits of this article are determined by crucial events in the history of the country, such as the conquest of East Georgia by the Russian Empire in 1801 and the proclamation of the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918. Between these two events, a number of church paintings was created throughout Georgia. Some of them fully intended to promote the Russian imperial identity and served to consolidate the power of the Empire over the conquered country. While others, reflected the ideas and aspirations of Georgian nationalism. They are very different from the medieval examples displaying a growing interest in national saints and the events of Christian Georgian history. This paper is focused on the most significant examples.
Solidification microporosity in directionally solidified multicomponent nickel aluminide

A systematic study is carried out to determine the microporosity evolution during directional solidification (DS) of multicomponent nickel aluminide. The solidification sequence of phase appearance is first discussed. Partitioning of the various sotutes is next described. Microstructural scales of the solidification microstructure are determined along with the volume fractions of intrinsic microporosity and the ordered phase ψ′ with changes in the imposed temperature gradient and growth velocity. The conditions for the lowest microporosity are determined. Microstructural correlations are provided to predict both volume fraction and size of the intrinsic microporosity as a function of the other microstructural scales and quantities that are estabhshed during DS. The correlations are shown to be self-consistent with solidification theory.
Optimization of fused filament fabrication process parameters under uncertainty to maximize part geometry accuracy.

Abstract This work presents a novel process design optimization framework for additive manufacturing (AM) by integrating physics-informed computational simulation models with experimental observations. The proposed framework is implemented to optimize the process parameters such as extrusion temperature, extrusion velocity, and layer thickness in the fused filament fabrication (FFF) AM process, in order to reduce the variability in the geometry of the manufactured part. A coupled thermo-mechanical model is first developed to simulate the FFF process. The temperature history obtained from the heat transfer analysis is then used as input for the mechanical deformation analysis to predict the dimensional inaccuracy of the additively manufactured part. The simulation model is then corrected based on experimental observations through Bayesian calibration of the model discrepancy to make it more accurately represent the actual manufacturing process. Based on the corrected prediction model, a robustness-based design optimization problem is formulated to optimize the process parameters, while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in the manufacturing process, process models, and measurements. Physical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework.
Bibliome Variant Database: Automated Identification and Annotation of Genetic Variants in Primary Literature

The Bibliome Variant Database (BVdb) is a freely available reference database containing over 1 million human genetic variants mapped to the human genome that have been mined from primary literature. The BVdb is designed to facilitate variant interpretation in clinical and research contexts by reducing or eliminating the time required to search for literature describing a given variant. Users can search the database using gene symbols, HGVS variant nomenclature, genomic positions, or rsIDs. Each variant page lists references in the database that describe the variant, as well as the exact gene symbol and variant text description identified in each reference. The BVdb is freely available at http://bibliome.ai .
Simulation of drop motion and breakup in narrow pores

Abstract We used a boundary-integral algorithm to simulate drops passing through narrow pores, with three possible outcomes: passage without breaking, breakup due to contact with a bifurcation or corner, and breakup due to elongation. Smaller drops with low capillary numbers and high viscosities are more likely to go through the pores without breaking, larger drops are more prone to hit a pore bifurcation and break, and drops with large capillary numbers and same or lower viscosities than the bulk fluid are more likely to experience elongation and breakup. Pore geometry also has a strong effect, with relatively little breakup when there is no bifurcation. Finally, the post-pore size distribution of droplet sizes is relatively broad when the pre-pore size of the parent drops is large, but the post-pore size distribution is narrow for smaller parent drops (due to little or no breakup). These results may help guide emulsification processes.
Application of in vitro protein solubility for selection of microalgae biomass as protein ingredient in animal and aquafeed

Microalgae when grown under certain conditions can be rich sources of protein and can complement conventional protein sources like fishmeal and soymeal, in the aquaculture and animal feed industry. In this study, evaluation of four marine microalgae strains (Picochlorum sp., Nannochloris sp., Nannochloropsis sp., and Chlorella sp.) revealed that in vitro protein solubility and digestibility may serve as key indicators in determining the suitability of microalgae as a protein ingredient in feed. The greenhouse areal biomass productivities, protein and lipid concentrations of these strains ranged between 9–17 g m−2 day−1, 30–38% and 22–24%, respectively. Preliminary in vitro assays using undisrupted biomass of Picochlorum sp. revealed that its protein solubility was 47% and 67% less and digestibility was 28% and 22% less compared with fishmeal and de-oiled soy flour (DOSF), respectively. However, disruption of Picochlorum sp. biomass resulted in 2.5- and 1.5-fold increase in protein solubility and digestibility, respectively, as compared with undisrupted biomass. Further in vitro studies indicated that the soluble protein fractions differed significantly among the four experimental microalgae. The highest in vitro protein solubility (%) and soluble protein fractions (g kg−1 biomass) recorded in the four strains were the following: Picochlorum sp. (53%; 176 g kg−1), Nannochloris sp. (57%; 217 g kg−1), Nannochloropsis sp. (71%; 214 g kg−1), and Chlorella sp. (53%; 197 g kg−1). In addition, extracts from all these four strains were tested for the presence of trypsin inhibitors and found that all these strains have significantly lower trypsin inhibiting activity (TIA) compared with DOSF. The methodology presented in this study combines growth, biochemical composition, protein solubility, in vitro protein digestibility, and TIA and thus provides a reliable strategy in selection of microalgae as protein feed ingredient.
Diffractal Spatial Multiplexing for Free-space Communication with Roving Transceivers

We demonstrate diffractal spatial multiplexing for wireless communication for moving transceivers. The approach leverages free-space diffraction with optical demodulation schemes. Exponentially-enhanced data rates are achieved without tracking.
Nitrogen and sulfur application effects on camelina seed yield, fatty acid composition, and nutrient removal

Effective management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] production is important to ensure optimum seed yield and oil composition. The objectives of this study ...
Consumers’ Judgement on Brand Preferences and Price: A Comparative Analysis on Telecommunication Industry

This paper intends to illuminate the impact of brand equity and price variance upon consumers purchasing behavior also the study also aims to clarify that among brand equity and price variance which influences more upon the buying behavior of consumers. The research is experimental by nature so both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used for conducting the research. Primary and secondary data were analyzed. Undisguised structured questions were the main form of data collection. An unstructured interviewing format was also adopted. Data were analyzed using SPSS approach. This paper indicates that how variance in consumers purchasing intention depends on upon product price and the brand equity in case of Samsung and Symphony mobile phone, most of all how the price influence consumers rather than the brand equity. It was predicted that both Samsung and Symphony has better market acceptance from the brand equity and price variance view. Both brands can ensure the forthcoming existence of top reputation.
Low Dose, High Frequency Movement Based Dilator Therapy for Dyspareunia: Retrospective Analysis of 26 Cases.

INTRODUCTION While two-thirds of women will experience dyspareunia and vaginal dilators are often used to treat dyspareunia, outside of a single case report, no study has investigated the potential of low-dose, high frequency movement-based dilator therapy for dyspareunia in premenopausal female patients. AIM To determine the utility of low-dose, high frequency movement-based dilator use for dyspareunia in premenopausal female patients. METHODS Retrospective study of women presenting to outpatient hospital-based pelvic floor physical therapy office in a tertiary care center. All adult premenopausal female patients who were referred to pelvic floor physical therapy for dyspareunia and completed movement-based dilator therapy (MBDT) and met study criteria (n = 26) were included for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Patient change in pain level status using Numeric Pain Rating Scale with intercourse was compared between initial evaluation and time of discharge from pelvic floor physical therapy. RESULTS Among the 26 women who met criteria for this study, the average pain score decreased from 8.3 (SD 2.2) before treatment to 1.3 (SD 2.0) after treatment and was statistically significant (P< .001). Complete resolution of dyspareunia was reported in 58% of patients. Patients completed between 2 and 6 total pelvic floor physical therapy visits (average 3.7, SD1.5), over 0-44 weeks (mean 9.6 weeks, SD 8.3). CONCLUSION Low-dose, high frequency, movement-based dilator therapy significantly reduced or resolved the experience of pain with penetrative vaginal intercourse with dyspareunia. Future prospective studies with larger samples and the inclusion of sexual functional status should be considered to explore the full potential of this modality in treatment of premenopausal patients with dyspareunia. Miles K, Miles S. Low Dose, High Frequency Movement Based Dilator Treatment for Dyspareunia: Retrospective Analysis of 26 Cases. Sex Med 2021;9:100344.
Understanding of attentional suppression is incomplete without consideration of motivation and context

Luck, Gaspelin, Folk, Remington, and Theeuwes [(2021). Progress toward resolving the attentional capture debate. Visual Cognition, 29(1), 1–21. doi:10.1080/13506285.2020.1848949] provide a valuable...
Cuatro cuerpos para la construcción de personajes en la danza escénica

Construir un personaje en la danza escenica, en particular en la danza clasica, no es solo interpretar tecnicamente con el movimiento un personaje como Julieta, Odile, Giselle, Romeo, Oneguin o Albrecht. Para interpretar hay que ir mas alla. Profundizar en las emociones, expresar, comunicar, construir un aura especial de fluencia escenica. Por eso, el bailarin ha de aprender a fluir en el escenario junto con aquello que le toca personificar. Para lograr esa fluencia escenica, este trabajo propone el desarrollo y formacion de cuatro cuerpos que han de entrenarse para vivir plenamente la danza. Estos son: cuerpo fisico (mente-cuerpo), cuerpo emocional, cuerpo escenico y cuerpo escindido o “magico”. Four Bodies for Creating Characters in DancePerforming a characters in dance, specifically in classical dance, is not just setting a characters such as Juliet, Giselle, or Romeo in motion. To create a character in dance is an entirely different matter. Technical perfection is not enough, the dancer has to go further: become a channel of communication, go deeper into her emotions, to create an auric channel to stage-flow. This way, the person who dances can give shape to what she is personifying through her multicorporality. To accomplish such a process, this work proposes the development and training of four bodies: the physical body (mind-body), the emotional body, the stage body and the split or “magical” body. Recibido: 17 de abril de 2020Aceptado: 23 de noviembre de 2020
Insulin actions on hypothalamic glucose‐sensing neurones

Subsequent to the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, great strides have been made in understanding its function, especially in the brain. It is now clear that insulin is a critical regulator of the neuronal circuitry controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on the effects of insulin and diabetes on the activity and glucose sensitivity of hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones. We highlight the role of electrophysiological data in understanding how insulin regulates glucose-sensing neurones. A brief introduction describing the benefits and limitations of the major electrophysiological techniques used to investigate glucose-sensing neurones is provided. The mechanisms by which hypothalamic neurones sense glucose are discussed with an emphasis on those glucose-sensing neurones already shown to be modulated by insulin. Next, the literature pertaining to how insulin alters the activity and glucose sensitivity of these hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones is described. In addition, the effects of impaired insulin signalling during diabetes and the ramifications of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones are covered. To the extent that it is known, we present hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying the effects of these insulin-related pathologies. To conclude, electrophysiological data from the hippocampus are evaluated aiming to provide clues regarding how insulin might influence neuronal plasticity in glucose-sensing neurones. Although much has been accomplished subsequent to the discovery of insulin, the work described in our review suggests that the regulation of central glucose sensing by this hormone is both important and understudied.
State Constitutions and Fiscal Policy

This paper proposes a framework for studying the relationship between fiscal policy and state constitutions in terms of direct and indirect fiscal restraints and pressures. Fiscal restraints such as balanced budget rules limit the scope of government, while fiscal pressures such as education rights expand or place demands on government. After detailing the types of fiscal restraints and pressures in state constitutions, this paper discusses four limitations of state constitutions as they relate to achieving sustainable fiscal policies. It then discusses five principles for reform moving forward and calls for giving legislators more discretion about substantive policy matters while placing bounds on the overall scope of government. This paper provides guidance for policymakers and others who want to maintain a states excellent fiscal health or address budget problems.
Exploring socio-demographic and geospatial variation in human papillomavirus vaccination uptake in Virginia.

Abstract Significant variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage exists across the United States. A closer look at state and region-specific coverage is necessary to identify potentially modifiable disparities. Using ArcGIS software, we identify geospatial variation in HPV vaccine coverage in the state of Virginia and examine the relationship between various socio-demographic indicators and HPV vaccination uptake. HPV vaccination rates among adolescents 11 to 17 years as of 07/01/2018 were retrieved at the zip-code level from the Virginia Immunization Information System and chloropleth maps produced. The ArcGIS Hot Spot Analysis tool identified spatial clusters of zip codes with high and low vaccination rates. Population characteristics and socioeconomic indicators were retrieved from the 2010 United States Census and compared between statistically significant clusters of higher or lower than expected vaccination rates. Regions with significantly lower initiation rates were less populated, less educated, and had a lower median household income (MHI) with higher rates of poverty and unemployment. Among male adolescents, these areas had a significantly lower density of primary care providers and smaller African American and Hispanic populations. In contrast, regions with significantly lower series completion were more populated and had a higher MHI, but there was no difference in provider density or minority population. Ultimately, regional socioeconomic indicators are significant predictors of HPV vaccination, but have contrasting implications for series initiation and completion. Targeted interventions and safety net programs have traditionally focused on the socioeconomically disadvantaged, however it is the more affluent communities that may be struggling with series completion.