cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preprocedural C-Reactive Protein for Risk Prediction Before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): A US Perspective

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which includes percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary stenting, has continued expanding its role in the management of coronary atherosclerosis. Major advances in the technical aspects of PCI (especially coronary stents) have had a favorable impact on both early and long-term outcomes(1). Although bare-metal stents have dramatically reduced the incidence of angiographic (>50% stenosis at site of previous PCI) and clinical restenosis (repeat coronary intervention prompted by evidence of recurrent ischemia) compared with balloon angioplasty, restenosis within the stent occurs in 15–30% of cases and has remained a limitation to the long-term success of PCI. The pathogenesis of restenosis is multifactorial and includes smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, extracellular matrix production, organization of thrombus, elastic recoil, and negative remodeling. Stent implantation, in particular, precipitates arterial intimal cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis mediated largely by inflammatory processes(2). Because of these considerable contributions of inflammation, preprocedural measurement of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proposed as a method to identify patients at higher risk of restenosis. The report from Rittersma et al.(3) in this issue, however, adds to the aggregate base of evidence that should shift the clinician’s focus from recurrence at a focal site of recent intervention to prevention of events related to vulnerable atheroma elsewhere in the coronary bed. Data regarding the relationship between …
Novel inner monolayer fusion assays reveal differential monolayer mixing associated with cation-dependent membrane fusion

The ability to specifically monitor the behavior of the inner monolayer lipids of membranous vesicles during the membrane fusion process is useful technically and experimentally. In this study, we have identified N-NBD-phosphatidylserine as a reducible probe particularly suitable for inner monolayer fusion assays because of its low rate of membrane translocation after reduction of the outer monolayer probes by dithionite. Data are presented on translocation as a function of temperature, vesicle size, membrane composition, and serum protein concentration. Translocation as a result of the fusion event itself was also characterized. We further show here that a second membrane-localized probe, a long wavelength carbocyanine dye referred to a diI(5)C18ds, appears to form a membrane-bound resonance energy transfer pair with N-NBD-PS, and its outer monolayer fluorescence can also be eliminated by dithionite treatment. Lipid dilution of these probes upon fusion with unlabeled membranes leads to an increase in NBD donor fluorescence, and hence is a new type of inner monolayer fusion assay. These inner monolayer probe mixing assays were compared to random lipid labeling and aqueous contents mixing assays for cation-dependent fusion of liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The results showed that the inner monolayer fusion assay eliminates certain artifacts and reflects fairly closely the rate of non-leaky mixing of aqueous contents due to fusion, while outer monolayer mixing always precedes mixing of aqueous contents. In fact, vesicle aggregation and outer monolayer lipid mixing were found to occur over very long periods of time without inner monolayer mixing at low cation concentrations. Externally added lysophosphatidylcholine inhibited vesicle aggregation, outer monolayer mixing and any subsequent fusion. The state of vesicle aggregation and outer monolayer exchange that occurs below the fusion threshold may represent a metastable intermediate state that may be useful for further studies of the mechanism of membrane fusion.
Conjunto culture: celebration and racialization in the German-Texan “Borderlands”

Sustained migration of Hispanics and Anglos into Texas’s historical “German belt” has contributed to a significant decline in the proportion of Central Texans claiming German ancestry. Under these circumstances, ethnic festivals are playing an increasingly important role in maintaining the German-American identity of many of the region’s people and places. Organizers and participants frequently tout the events’ inclusiveness, claiming that anyone can temporarily cross ethnic boundaries to become “German for a day” within the festival context. However, participant observation and surveys of festival participants in three historically German-American communities (Brenham, Fredericksburg, and New Braunfels) suggest that ethnic-themed events mirror processes of racialization that have persisted in the region for more than 150 years. In this paper, I argue that, in helping to construct “German” identities for the region’s people and places, German-themed events in Central Texas are implicitly involved in the construction of “non-German” and, by extension “non-white,” ethnic identities. Further, event participation patterns reflect a long-standing black-white racial dichotomy in the region. Within this ethnoracial hierarchy, Hispanics have long occupied a liminal status that is reflected by their involvement in the production and consumption of German-themed events. I contend that Hispanics’ participation in German heritage festivals reflects not only a historical process of “whitening” their racial status but their increasing presence and power within the region.
Geochronology of Precambrian basement rocks from Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract A Sb-Sr isochron age of 2205 ± 70 my given by a granite gneiss demonstrates that Eburnean granitic and older metamorphic rocks are widespread in southwestern Nigeria. In the Ibadan area the reactivation due to the Pan-African thermo-tectonic event (600 ± 150my) appears to have been largely thermal in character. Its termination some 480 my ago is dated by K-Ar ages on separated minerals and on one member of an unmetamorphosed basalt dyke suite. The host rocks to the Eburnean granite gneiss may have crystallized during the 2800 ± 200 my Liberian cycle.
An Overview of the Phenomenon of Mixed Racial Isolates in the United States1

The subject of the paper is population groups of real or alleged tri-racial origin—Indian, White, and Negro. There is a review of the emergence of such groups in American history, their conflicts with public authorities, and their recognition by researchers. The past importance of separate schools as a boundary maintenance mechanism is discussed, with emphasis on the declining persistence of such schools today. The role of the church as the typical remaining group institution is noted. Mention is made of the decreasing proportion of endogamous marriages in recent times. The essentially rural nature of these racial isolates is pointed out, and the general societal trend of rural depopulation is stated to be affecting their size and continued existence. A suggested list of research needs is offered.
Benefits of Channel Discord in the Sale of Durable Goods

Minimizing strife through vertical integration is commonly seen as the holy grail for long-term success in product distribution. In this paper, we take a different slant, showing that sometimes a separated channel that embodies a degree of discord can be helpful, particularly when a long-term view is taken. This result is shown in the context of durable goods manufacturing. The quandary of durable goods production is that once demand for a certain time frame is met, there is a subsequent temptation to flood the market with additional goods. As such, consumers are reluctant to buy immediately, instead opting to wait for discounted prices. This problem can be alleviated by a degree of channel discord: High wholesale prices ensure future sales will slow to a trickle.
Language components of DAMSEL: an embeddable event-driven declarative multimedia specification language

This paper provides an overview of the three language components of DAMSEL, a framework being implemented at the University of Minnesota. It is comprised of an embedable dynamic multimedia specification language, and supporting execution environments. The goal of DAMSEL is to explore language constructs and execution environments for next-generation interactive multimedia applications. DAMSEL supports dynamic, event-driven specifications for the retrieval, presentation, modification, analysis, and storage of multimedia data. Dynamic specifications enable system, application, and user-media interactions to affect the run-time behavior. The temporal language component of DAMSEL contains two primitives for event-driven temporal specification -- supporting causation and inhibition. Specifications require (extensible) behavioral parameters to be chosen, enabling very powerful temporal relations to be defined. The dataflow language component uses a dataflow paradigm, whereby data streams flow from source to sink. Sources are live devices, or storage facilities, while sinks may include simple windows, and connections to complex layouts. Modification and analysis of a data stream takes place enroute. The presentation component supports the specification of data stream connections to user interfaces. DAMSEL components support conditional and constraint logics, enabling more complex specifications than currently possible. DAMSEL also supports an open systems view, enabling current software to be used within its architecture.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Modeling changes in summer temperature of the Fraser River during the next century

Summary The Fraser River basin in British Columbia has significant environmental, economic and cultural importance. Healthy river conditions through sufficient flows and optimal temperatures are of paramount importance for the survival of Pacific salmon, which migrate upriver toward the headwaters to spawn near the end of their lives. Trends have been detected which indicate that the annual flow and summer temperature have been increasing since the middle of the last century. In this study we examine the observed trend in summer temperature of the Fraser River and compare it with temperatures calculated as part of a global climate model (GCM) simulation in which atmospheric greenhouse gases are increasing. We then use the GCM to consider how these trends might continue through the present century. Both the observations and model indicate that during the last half of the 20th century, the summer temperature near the river mouth has been increasing at a rate of approximately 0.12 °C per decade in August. In this study we use an online method in which river temperatures are calculated directly as part of a GCM simulation and project how summer temperature near the mouth of the Fraser River might change by the end of the present century. The results indicate that between 2000 and 2100 river temperatures will increase in all summer months with a maximum increase of 0.14 °C per decade in August. This result is consistent with an offline modeling study by [Morrison, J., Quick, M.C., Goreman, M.G.G. 2002. Climate change in the Fraser River watershed: flow and temperature projections. Journal of Hydrology, 263, 230–244] in which they used output from two GCMS to drive a hydrologic model and predict future changes in river temperature and supports their contention that the timing and magnitude of the increase could be crucial for salmon migration. Future work can extend this analysis to other river systems in an effort to project the potential effects of climate change on the behavior of the world’s large river basins, as well as identify the potential biological effects that may accompany these changes.
Pro-apoptotic action of PAR-4 involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and suppression of BCL-2 expression.

Par-4(1) (prostate apoptosis response 4) is known to function at an early stage in apoptosis in several different cell types, including neurons. On the other hand, activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB can prevent apoptosis in various cancer cells and neurons. We now report that overexpression of full-length Par-4 in cultured PC12 cells results in a suppression of basal NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and NF-kappaB activation following trophic factor withdrawal (TFW). The decreased NF-kappaB activity is correlated with enhanced apoptosis. Conversely, NF-kappaB activity is increased and vulnerability to apoptosis reduced in cells overexpressing a dominant-negative form of Par-4. Par-4 overexpression or functional blockade had no effect on AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was dramatically reduced in PC12 cells overexpressing Par-4. Our data suggest that suppression of NF-kappaB activation plays a major role in the proapoptotic function of Par-4.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and the WATCHMAN device.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4][![Graphic][5] ][5] The WATCHMAN left atrial appendage (LAA) system (Atritech Inc., Plymouth, Minnesota) is a percutaneous occlusion apparatus being investigated in clinical trials among patients with atrial fibrillation.
Incidence and prevalence of copper deficiency following roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery

The frequency of copper deficiency and clinical manifestations following roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is not yet clear. Objectives were to determine the prevalence and incidence of copper deficiency in patients who have undergone RYGB. We sought to determine the number of RYGB patients undergoing medical and nutritional follow-up visits at the Emory Bariatric Center who experienced copper deficiency and associated hematological and neurological complaints (n=136). Separately, in patients followed longitudinally before and during 6 and 24 months following RYGB surgery, we obtained measures of copper status (n=16). Systemic blood cell counts and measures of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were determined using standardized assays in reference laboratories including atomic absorption spectrometry and immunoassays. Thirteen patients were identified to have copper deficiency suggesting a prevalence of copper deficiency of 9.6%, and the majority of these had concomitant complications including anemia, leukopenia and various neuro-muscular abnormalities. In the longitudinal study, plasma copper concentrations and ceruloplasmin activity decreased over 6 and 24 months following surgery, respectively (P<0.05), but plasma zinc concentrations did not change. A simultaneous decrease in white blood cells was observed (P<0.05). The incidence of copper deficiency in these subjects was determined to be 18.8%. The prevalence and incidence of copper deficiency following RYGB surgery was determined to be 9.6% and 18.8%, respectively, with many patients experiencing mild-to-moderate symptoms. Given that copper deficiency can lead to serious and irreversible complications if untreated, frequent monitoring of the copper status of RYGB patients is warranted.
Evaluation of a Diagnostic Approach to Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective. To evaluate the value of a systematic approach to the diagnosis of pediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods. In this descriptive, observational, prospective study, we evaluated 51 children presenting with ILD of unknown etiology during a 3-year period. Specific clinical information regarding history, physical examination, diagnostic evaluation, and final diagnosis was recorded on each patient. Results. A specific diagnosis was established by history and physical examination alone in 1 patient, noninvasive tests alone in 8 others, and invasive tests, including lung biopsy, in another 26. Of the remaining patients, 8 had a suggestivediagnosis, and 8 had no specific diagnosis. Conclusions. A systematic approach to the diagnosis of pediatric ILD is useful, and not all patients need lung biopsy for diagnosis.
Transition metal sulfide studies: the pure rotational spectrum of the CuS radical (X2Πi)

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of CuS in its X 2 Π i ground state has been recorded using direct absorption techniques in the range 140–540 GHz. This radical was produced by the reaction of copper vapour with CS 2 . Both the v =0 and v =1 states of 63 CuS were observed, as well as the 65 CuS (v=0) isotopomer. 25, 13, and 8 rotational transitions were recorded for these three species, respectively. Both the Ω=1/2 and Ω=3/2 spin–orbit ladders were observed. Accurate rotational, spin–orbit, and lambda-doubling constants were subsequently determined for these molecules. These data suggest that 3d-sulfides have subtle bonding differences relative to the corresponding 3d-oxides.
Making sense of schizophrenic symptoms; delusional statements and behavior may be functional in purpose.

Abstract The present paper describes the use of a functional analysis in attempting to make sense of symptomatic delusional statements and behaviors that people diagnosed with schizophrenia present. The three categories that are used to classify symptoms are: (1) positive reinforcement function, (2) negative reinforcement function, and (3) mislabeling of private events. The paper presents a number of clinical cases whose symptoms are representative of each category. Each case is then functionally treated as a result of its “category” characteristics, thus basing treatment on the hypothesized function (or reason) for the symptom.
Eye localization through multiscale sparse dictionaries

This paper presents a new eye localization method via Multiscale Sparse Dictionaries (MSD). We built a pyramid of dictionaries that models context information at multiple scales. Eye locations are estimated at each scale by fitting the image through sparse coefficients of the dictionary. By using context information, our method is robust to various eye appearances. The method also works efficiently since it avoids sliding a search window in the image during localization. The experiments in BioID database prove the effectiveness of our method.
Daily variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon at three sites in the surface ocean

We report radiocarbon measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface water samples collected daily during cruises to the central North Pacific, the Sargasso Sea and the Southern Ocean. The ranges of Δ14C measurements for each cruise (11-30‰) were larger than the total uncertainty (7.8‰, 2-sigma) of the measurements. The variability is attributed to changes in the upper water mass that took place at each site over a two to four week period. These results indicate that variability of surface Δ14C values is larger than the analytical precision, because of patchiness that exists in the DIC Δ14C signature of the surface ocean. This additional variability can affect estimates of geochemical parameters such as the air-sea CO2 exchange rate using radiocarbon. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Subgroup and outlier detection analysis

Background High-dimensional biological data presents the opportunity to discover novel forms of biological heterogeneity, such as overexpression or suppression of expression of a particular gene in a subset of a cohort. This novel biological heterogeneity appears in the data as outliers or distinct subgroups. Here, we describe and evaluate three procedures for subgroup and outlier detection analysis (SODA): a leave-one-out (LOO) procedure that is widely used for outlier detection in the bioinformatics literature, the least median squares (LMS) procedure from the statistics literature, and the dip test (DT) from the statistics literature. We also propose and evaluate the max spacing test (MST) as a novel SODA method.
Thermal Stress Analysis of a Bimaterial Strip Subject to an Axial Temperature Gradient

Formulas are derived for the stresses and displacements in a bimaterial strip which is subjected to a temperature gradient that varies linearly in the longitudinal direction. The solution is obtained by superposing certain fundamental linear elastic stress states which are compatible with bar and beam theory. The analytical results are approximate in the sense that stress-free boundary conditions are not satisfied exactly, since only zero resultant force and moment conditions are enforced. Finite element calculations have been performed to verify the results and to ascertain the level of stress concentration near the ends of the strip.
On Kalman filtering in the presence of a compromised sensor: Fundamental performance bounds

Consider a scalar linear time-invariant system whose state is being estimated by an estimator using measurements from a single sensor. The sensor may be compromised by an attacker. The attacker is allowed to replace the measurement sequence by an arbitrary sequence. When the estimator uses this sequence, its estimate is degraded in the sense that the mean square error of this estimate is higher. The estimator monitors the received data to detect if an attack is in progress. The aim of the attacker is to degrade the estimate to the maximal possible amount while remaining undetected. By defining a suitable notion of stealthiness of the attacker, we characterize the trade-off between the fundamental limits of performance degradation that an attacker can induce versus its level of stealthiness. For various information patterns that characterize the information available at every time step to the attacker, we provide information theoretic bounds on the worst mean squared error of the state estimate that is possible and provide attacks that can achieve these bounds while allowing the attacker to remain stealthy even if the estimator uses arbitrary statistical ergodicity based tests on the received data.
Space and sanity.

The political and ideological basis for the organization of space within psychiatric institutions is rarely made explicit, yet space shapes the behavior of both inmates and staff. This article describes the traditional 19th century English asylum and its counterpart in Jacksonian America, as madness-maintaining institutions designed to incarcerate social undesirables. In contrast, nontraditional 20th century institutional architecture based on the Dutch concept of "dwelling," and designed to promote normalcy, is described. A modification of the Dutch model, built in Israel, is illustrated.
Secondary Phase and Mechanism of Enzymic Milk Coagulation

Abstract Immobilized enzymes were used as tools to study the secondary phase apart from the enzymic phase of milk coagulation. Skim milk, after passing through a column of pepsin or rennet bound to porous glass, was subjected to changes in pH, temperature, and dilution, and their effects on rate of coagulation were studied. The secondary phase exhibited a high temperature coefficient (Q 10 ) of 11 to 12 between 20C and 50C and a 30-fold decrease in coagulation time when the pH of the secondary phase was lowered from 6.7 to 5.6. When fresh skimmilk was added in increasing amounts to the treated effluent skim milk prior to assay, the entire mixture coagulated with proportionally longer coagulation times indicating that not all of the κ-casein need be enzymically attacked for coagulation but only enough to initiate aggregation of micelles.
Synthesis of long chaina,B‐alkynoic anda,B‐alkynoic acids viaB‐keto esters

A general method for the synthesis of long chain α,β-alkynoic acids from β-keto esters is described. The synthesis involves conversion of the β-keto ester to the corresponding pyrazolone, then halogenation and treatment of the resultant 4,4-dihalo product with dilute aqueous alkali to form the α,β-alkynoic acids. Specifically, 2-octynoic, 2-nonynoic and 2-decadecynoic acids were prepared as representative examples. If the β-keto ester has an alkyl group at the α-position, the final product is a mixture ofcis andtrans α-substituted-α,β-unsaturated alkenoic acids, which may be separated by gas-liquid chromatography. Pertinent IR and proton magnetic resonance data are used in characterizing the stereochemistry of products and a possible mechanism for the product forming reactions is presented.
Compounded Risk: The Implications for Delinquency of Coming from a Poor Family that Lives in a Poor Community

The relationship between poverty and juvenile involvement in delinquency remains central to the study of adolescent development, but firm conclusions on this relationship have been elusive. The purpose of this study is to address an important limitation of prior research that often has been overlooked. This involves the standard practice of examining the poverty-delinquency relationship with an exclusive focus on the family's level of poverty. This study considers that the effects of family poverty on delinquency may significantly depend upon the level of poverty in the community in which the family lives. Specifically, drawing from a number of poverty-oriented theories of delinquency, we examine the hypothesis that community poverty amplifies the effects of family poverty, such that family poverty's effect becomes greater when community poverty also is high. Using data from a national sample of adolescents that are supplemented with U.S. census data, we find partial support for the idea that family poverty is consequential for delinquency, and that this is especially true for poor families that also live in poor communities.
Postoperative neuromuscular blocker use is associated with higher primary fascial closure rates after damage control laparotomy.

Background:Failure to achieve fascial primary closure after damage control laparotomy (DCL) is associated with increased morbidity, higher healthcare expenditures, and a reduction in quality of life. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) to facilitate closure remains controversial and poor
Monoclonal antibodies and the FACS: complementary tools for immunobiology and medicine

The histories of monoclonal antibodies and the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) are as closely intertwined as their current uses in biology and medicine. Here, Leonore Herzenberg, Stephen De Rosa and Leonard Herzenberg recount the meeting and the mating of these two technologies, whose offspring now populate clinical and research laboratories throughout the world.
Alpha-fetoprotein: Secondary estrogen binder in immature rat uterine cytosol

Abstract Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an estrogen(E)-binding glycoprotein in the serum of the immature rat, has been shown to be present in uterine cytosols and to migrate as 4S in sucrose density gradients. Evidence is presented here which (1) indicates that AFP is not a component of the 8S uterine E-binding complex in hypotonic cytosol (20 day old rat), and (2) confirms AFP as the E-binding moiety observed in the cytosol only at E concentrations which exceed that required to saturate the 8S form. Thus, increased E (5–1000 nM) yields increased E binding in the 4S rather than 8S region. Binding in the 8S region is eliminated by elevation of temperature; in contrast, AFP is thermostable. Removal of KCl from hypertonic cytosol containing [3H]-estradiol and [125I]-AFP followed by sucrose density gradient ultra-centrifugation of the resulting hypotonic cytosol did not effect incorporation of [125I]-AFP into the 8S complex. Estradiol could be definitively associated with AFP in uterine cytosol only after steady-state polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation at 50 nM[3H]-estradiol. It is concluded that the thermolabile E-binding component of uterine cytosol which is saturated at 10nME and which is observed in the 8S region in a hypotonic environment is not and does not contain AFP: rather. AFP is the thermostable, higher capacity, lower affinity E-binding component observed in the 4S region.
A DFT Study of Vibrational Spectra and Mutagenicity Predictions of Mononitrated Fluoranthenes

The Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of the mononitrated fluoranthenes (1-, 2-, 3-, 7-, and 8-nitrofluoranthene), important environmental pollutants that induce mutagenic/carcinogenic effects upon mammalian and bacterial cells, were studied via density functional theory, using optimized geometries at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and PBE0/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. The predicted harmonic vibrational frequencies were used in normal mode assignments. To validate the spectra, experimental fluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene were used to benchmark the predicted spectra. The scaled harmonic frequencies below 2000 cm−1are in good agreement to experiment to <5 cm−1and 10 cm−1or better at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and PBE0/6-311+G(d,p) levels, respectively. The high intensity nitro asymmetric/symmetric stretch modes (νasym/νsymNO2), ν(C‒C) and ν(C‒H) stretch frequencies were then considered, and used in distinguishing nitrofluoranthene isomers. The νsym(NO2) frequency shifts are correlated to the observed mutagenic pot...
Roa307, a protein encoded onCoxiella burnetii plasmid QpH1, shows homology to proteins encoded in the replication origin region of bacterial chromosomes

TnphoA mutagenesis identified an open reading frame,roa307, immediately upstream of the partition locusqsopAB on theCoxiella burnetii plasmid QpH1. The protein sequence deduced fromroa307 displayed homology to Orf290 ofPseudomonas putida, Orf283 and Orf282 (SpoOJ) ofBacillus subtilis —hypothetical products of genes in the chromosomal replication origin region. Expression ofroa307 was demonstrated by PhoA activity of an Roa307-PhoA fusion.
An L-infinity extension of transmission-zero and robust-design notions to global tracking in uncertain nonlinear systems

The author considers robust multitracking controllers for uncertain nonlinear systems, namely, controllers that generate prescribed tracking behavior in multivariable systems with uncertain parameters, nonlinear characteristics, and external disturbances. The approach used is based on operator formulations in special Banach spaces isomorphic to L/sub infinity /, spaces whose norms provide both precise and natural measures of global tracking. With these spaces, system equations are reformulated as fixed-point operator equations, and design criteria are realized as fixed-point inequality conditions under which tracking errors satisfy prescribed norm constraints. Among the results are explicit design parameters relating to both the time and frequency domains. >
Predicting normal glenoid version from the pathologic scapula: a comparison of 4 methods in 2- and 3-dimensional models

Background Correction of pathologic glenoid retroversion improves gleonhumeral mechanics and reduces glenoid component wear after total shoulder arthroplasty. Determining the amount of correction necessary can be difficult because of the wide range of normal glenoid version. We hypothesize that normal glenoid version can be predicted in a pathologic shoulder based on conserved relationships between the anterior glenoid wall, Resch angle, and the internal structures of the glenoid vault. Materials and methods Three-dimensional (3-D) computer tomography (CT) scan-based measurements of the anterior glenoid wall angle (AGWA), Resch angle (RA), and glenoid version were made in 58 scapulae from the Haeman-Todd Osteological Collection (Museum of Natural History in Cleveland, OH) and 19 paired scapulae from patients with unilateral osteoarthritis. Linear regression equations derived from the AGWA and RA and from a computer-generated vault model were used to predict native (nonpathologic) glenoid version as defined by the 19 nonpathologic scapula. Results Linear regression equations based on the measured AGWA or RA, as well as the glenoid vault model in the 19 pathologic scapulae, were able to accurately predict native glenoid version in the contralateral nonpathologic shoulder. Discussion This study demonstrates the ability to take 3-D CT scan-based measurements in a scapula with pathologic glenoid retroversion and predict the native (nonpathologic) glenoid version in the contralateral shoulder by using linear regression equations or a computer generated vault model. Such tools might assist in preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making to allow correction of pathologic glenoid retroversion.
A Comparison of Multipactor Predictions Using Two Popular Secondary Electron Models

Multipactor is a resonant phenomenon in which an electromagnetic field causes stray electrons to impact a surface, liberating secondary electrons, in such a way that the process can sustain itself. This phenomenon is of considerable practical interest in the design and operation of microwave windows, waveguides, and radio frequency resonant structures. The formation of multipactor is strongly dependent upon the secondary electron yield (SEY) of a surface, and the emission velocities of the emitted electrons. Two SEY models are popular within different technical communities: 1) the microwave industry frequently uses a model proposed by Vaughan and 2) the particle accelerator community frequently uses a model proposed by Furman and Pivi. This research examines the level of agreement between multipactor predictions using the two SEY models.
Energy efficiency and error resilience in coordinated and non-coordinated medium access control protocols

Energy efficiency of a MAC protocol is one of the most important performance metrics, especially in mobile ad hoc networks, where the energy sources are limited. Two key factors in achieving energy efficiency for a MAC protocol are coordination among the nodes and schedule-based channel access. In order to achieve a sufficient level of coordination among the nodes, and hence to achieve energy efficiency, the exchange of control information via control packets is vital. As such, coordinated MAC protocols, which regulate channel access through scheduling, have been shown to achieve very high energy efficiencies when compared to non-coordinated MAC protocols, which do not employ scheduling. However, due to their increased vulnerability to channel errors, the performance of coordinated MAC protocols is affected more by the channel bit error rate (BER) than non-coordinated MAC protocols, which lack such control packets. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency and resilience against channel errors for coordinated and non-coordinated MAC protocols. Our results reveal that it is possible to achieve better system performance with coordinated MAC protocols even in lossy channels, provided that the BER level is not extremely high.
Growth control of normal and transformed cells

Both serum factors and protein synthesis are required for normal cell growth. Swiss 3T3 cells require the serum growth factors insulin and EGF (epidermal growth factor) during the initial part of the G1 period, until they pass a restriction point about 2 h before the initiation of DNA synthesis. Concentrations of cycloheximide that inhibit protein synthesis by as much as 70% dramatically lengthen the cell cycle before the restriction point, while the cell cycle after the restriction point remains nearly constant. These results are consistent with a model in which labile proteins are required for transit of cells past the serum-sensitive restriction point. The relation of these findings to the growth control of transformed cells is discussed.
Carboniferous isotope stratigraphies of North America: Implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography and Mississippian glaciation

We present detailed isotope stratigraphies for Carboniferous time based on brachiopod shell calcite from the midcontinent region of North America. Evidence for shell calcite preservation includes (1) preservation of shell microstructure, (2) lack of cathodoluminescence, (3) low Si, Al, Fe, and Mn contents, (4) Na, Sr, and S contents comparable to those of modern brachiopod shells, and (5) δ13C and δ18O values higher than those of associated cements and matrix. The Carboniferous δ13C record for North America is characterized by three isotopic stages. The earliest stage, C1, follows a 2.0‰ increase in Kinderhookian time (early Tournaisian), from 1.5‰ to 3.5‰, and includes a brief and perhaps local late Kinderhookian excursion to 5.4‰. The δ13C values remain stable at 3.5‰ to 4‰ during stage C1, then decrease about 1‰ near the Meramecian-Chesterian boundary (Visean) to 2‰–3‰ (stage C2). Stage C2 ends with a 1‰–2‰ increase (C2-C3 transition) between middle Chesterian and early Morrowan time (Serpukhovian-Bashkirian). Stage C3 values remain mostly between 3‰ and 4.5‰ upsection to Virgilian strata (Gzhelian). Increases in δ13C probably reflect global increases in sedimentary organic carbon burial and suggest that rho CO2 declines in the earliest and middle Carboniferous strata. The middle Carboniferous δ13C shift of B. Popp, T. Anderson, and P. Sandberg, an ∼3‰ increase in European sections, occurs in North America (C2-C3 transition) but is limited to ∼1.5‰. This 1.5‰ increase was probably caused by increased organic carbon burial, whereas the additional ∼1.5‰ shift in European sections likely reflects changes in ocean circulation patterns associated with the closing of the Equatorial seaway. Based on the timing of the δ13C divergence between North America and Europe, the isolation of the Paleotethys began in late Chesterian time (Serpukhovian). The δ18O record can also be separated into the three stages. There is a 3‰ increase during Kinderhookian-Osagean time (Tournaisian), corresponding to the Devonian to Carboniferous transition to stage C1, a 3‰ decrease during Meramecian–early Chesterian time (Visean; C1-C2 transition), then a 2‰ increase in late Chesterian–early Morrowan time (Serpukhovian-Bashkirian; C2-C3 transition). The δ18O values then fluctuate between −1‰ and −3‰ (C3 stage) upsection to the Virgilian strata (Gzhelian). If global, the 2‰ to 3‰ δ18O shifts are compelling evidence for cooling and glaciation in Early Mississippian time, warming and deglaciation in Late Mississippian time, and a return to cool, glacial conditions in earliest Pennsylvanian time. The general correlation between δ13C and δ18O shifts suggests that cooling is associated with drawdown of atmospheric CO2.
Planet of the Durkheimians: Where Community, Authority, and Sacredness Are Foundations of Morality

Most academic efforts to understand morality and ideology come from theorists who limit the domain of morality to issues related to harm and fairness. For such theorists, conservative beliefs are puzzles requiring non-moral explanations. In contrast, we present moral foundations theory, which broadens the moral domain to match the anthropological literature on morality. We extend the theory by integrating it with a review of the sociological constructs of community, authority, and sacredness, as formulated by Emile Durkheim and others. We present data supporting the theory, which also shows that liberals misunderstand the explicit moral concerns of conservatives more than conservatives misunderstand liberals. We suggest that what liberals see as a non-moral motivation for system justifi cation may be better described as a moral motivation to protect society, groups, and the structures and constraints that are often (although not always) benefi cial for individuals. Finally, we outline the possible benefi ts of a moral foundations perspective for system justifi cation theory (SJT), including better understandings of (a) why the system justifying motive is palliative despite some harmful effects, (b) possible evolutionary origins of the motive, and (c) the values and worldviews of conservatives in general. It has not yet been revealed to the public, but we have it on good authority that intelligent life was recently discovered on a planet several light years away. The planet has been given an unpronounceable technical name, but scientists refer to the planet informally as “Planet Durkheim.” Judging by the television signals received, Durkheimians look rather like human beings, although their behavior is quite different. Durkheimians crave, above all else, being tightly integrated into strong groups that cooperatively pursue common goals. They have little desire for self-expression or individual development, and when the requirements of certain jobs force individuals to spend much time alone, or when the needs of daily life force individuals to make their own decisions or express their own preferences, Durkheimians feel drained and unhappy. In extreme cases of enforced individualism, they
Stress and displacement fields at the tip of a craze containing a crack

Plane elasticity theory is utilized to obtain expressions for the stress and displacement fields at the tip of a craze containing a crack. The craze is modeled as a very thin elliptical inclusion with different elastic properties from hat of the surrounding bulk polymer. Problem is solved by superimposing the solution of a crack problem onto the solution for a uniformly loaded homogeneous craze. Invoking stress free boundary conditions on the crack surface provides a singular integral equation of Hilbert type with a unique solution. Contour lines of constant hydrostatic stress and constant maximum shear stress around the craze tip are shown graphically. These two stress combinations have played prominent roles in a number of proposed craze growth criteria. Results show that even for relatively long cracks within the craze, very little stress enhancement at the craze tip occurs. Only as the crack tip approaches the craze tip does the enhancement become significant, tending to drive the craze region ahead of the crack.
Current Principles in the Nonoperative Management of Structural Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Physical therapists routinely identify and manage adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Therefore, it is essential that we maintain a current understanding of both the condition and the treatment principles. This paper includes both a discussion of the personal impact on those left untreated and a review of current concepts concerning the following: the pathological findings associated with structural scoliosis; the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; and the evaluation techniques, the nonoperative treatment procedures, and the long-term treatment results for idiopathic scoliosis. The final section presents research topics relevant to the etiology, the detection, and the treatment of moderate scoliotic curves.
S. cerevisiae U1 RNA is large and has limited primary sequence homology to metazoan U1 snRNA.

Abstract We have cloned and sequenced the yeast SNR19 gene and show here that snR19 is the yeast homolog of metazoan U1 snRNA. snR19 is 569 nucleotides long, strikingly larger than its metazoan counterpart. The two molecules resemble each other closely in the predicted secondary structure of their first 50 nucleotides. Primary sequence homology is restricted to some of their single-stranded regions, including 11 consecutive nucleotides at the 5′ end of the two molecules, the region that interacts with pre-mRNA 5′ splice junctions. snR19 is spliceosome-associated and required for in vitro pre-mRNA splicing. We also note that 8 sequences in snR19 have extensive complementarity to snR20, the large yeast U2 RNA, suggesting that yeast U1 may interact with yeast U2 by base-pairing.
Commentary: Encouraging Confrontation

Sexism differs from other prejudices due to intimate interdependence between the sexes, requiring gender-specific research on effective ways to confront sexist behavior. Two central themes emerge from the current issue: (i) who can confront sexism successfully and (ii) how organizations and leaders should intervene. The burden to confront often falls on female targets, who experience social costs for doing so, especially when perpetrators have greater power. Targets therefore need allies, including men, who are not perceived as having self-interested motives for confronting. Organizations—through leaders and policies—represent the most important and effective allies. Organizational priorities can determine whether female targets suffer in silence or are empowered to confront. Fortunately, there is increasing popular interest, both among women and organizations, to address barriers to women's advancement. This special issue represents an important first step, outlining promising strategies for confronting sexism.
Complete amino acid sequence of bovine neurophysin II.

Abstract The complete amino acid sequence of bovine neurophysin II, a 97 amino acid protein which specifically binds the posterior pituitary hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, is proposed.
Central venous pressure and arterial blood pressure measurements.

Arterial blood pressure measurement and central venous pressure monitoring are important tools in the management of the critically ill pet. Central venous pressure is reflective of right atrial pressure and provides information concerning volume status. Arterial blood pressure is helpful in determining if perfusion to vital tissues is adequate. By providing more information with which to tailor fluid therapy and by prompt recognition of hypoor hypertension, these monitoring tools are instrumental in the management of the critically ill pet.
System Design And Operation Of A 100 Kilovolt, 2 Kilohertz Pulse Modulator For Plasma Source Ion Implantation

This paper describes the electrical design and operation of a high power modulator system implemented for the Los Alamos Plasma Source Ion Implantation (PSII) facility. To test the viability of the PSII process for various automotive components, the modulator must accept wide variations of load impedance. Components have varying area and composition which must be processed with different plasmas. Additionally, the load impedance may change by large factors during the typical 20 uS pulse, due to plasma displacement currents and sheath growth. As a preliminary design to test the system viability for automotive component implantation, suitable for a manufacturing environment, circuit topology must be able to directly scale to high power versions, for increased component through-put. We have chosen an evolutionary design approach with component families of characterized performance, which should Ion result in a reliable modulator system with component lifetimes. The modulator utilizes a pair of Litton L-3408 hollow beam amplifier tubes as switching elements in a ``hot-deck`` configuration. Internal to the main of planar triode hot deck, an additional pair decks, configured in a totem pole circuit, provide input drive to the L-3408 mod-anodes. The modulator can output over 2 amps average current (at 100 kV) with 1more » kW of modanode drive. Diagnostic electronics monitor the load and stops pulses for 100 mS when a load arcs occur. This paper, in addition to providing detailed engineering design information, will provide operational characteristics and reliability data that direct the design to the higher power, mass production line capable modulators.« less
Complex Systems Science: From Cell Regulation to the Global Food Crisis

Insights and methods of complex systems science are transforming science and providing clarity about the impact of policies to address major societal problems. These conceptual and mathematical advances allow us to study interdependence, patterns, networks, multiscale behaviors, and “big data.” Here I focus on the application of these advances to real-world concerns. I discuss case studies from global socioeconomic systems and immune cell regulation. Our analysis of the global food crisis exposes the causes and consequences of rapidly increasing and volatile food prices. Food price spikes in 2007–2008 and 2010–2011 triggered food riots across the world and precipitated the Arab Spring. Our quantitative models of nonequilibrium markets show that the food price increases are due to (1) US biofuel quotas increasing the amount of corn to ethanol conversion and (2) deregulation of commodity trading enabling speculator trend-following to cause bubbles and crashes. Policy action by the US and the European Union could alleviate or even resolve these problems. Our analysis of cell regulation makes use of gene expression data to obtain whole-cell regulatory models describing the response of immune cells to dynamic perturbations. Moreover, we have shown that cell dynamics are controlled by attractor states with implications for understanding biological development and treating cancer. Our analyses demonstrate the opportunity for complex systems science to inform both social policy decisions and medical advances.