cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical results of orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos

In summary, we have presented the epidemiology, pathology, clinical classes, diagnostic techniques and surgical techniques employed, and the results in 220 patients who have undergone transantral orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos. Reduction of proptosis up to 12 mm has been obtained. In 80 per cent of the patients the eyes were balanced within 1 mm. Complications have been minimal. We feel that this procedure has proven its efficacy in the treatment of malignant exophthalmos. In most cases it enables the preservation or improvement of vision and arrests the progressive extraocular muscle imbalance. The importance of close cooperation between otolaryngologist, endocrinologist and ophthalmologist cannot be overemphasized in the management of this disorder.
Race, Family Structure, and Wealth: The Effect of Childhood Family on Adult Asset Ownership

Racial differences in wealth ownership are among the most extreme and persistent forms of stratification in the United States, but the factors that contribute to this inequality are unclear. One potentially important contributing factor is family background. It is a critical determinant of attainment, and both childhood family resources and family structure vary racially. This article reports that family size during childhood contributes significantly to racial differences in adult wealth. I find that siblings strain material and nonmaterial resources during childhood and decrease adult home ownership, stock ownership, and total assets. Having extended family in the home also decreases wealth for those from intact families, but an extended family minimizes the negative effect of divorce and separation and increases wealth in disrupted families. I also find that childhood family size and family structure are related to racial differences in adult wealth accumulation trajectories, allowing whites to begin a...
Multivariate Standardized Drought Index: A parametric multi-index model

Defining droughts based on a single variable/index (e.g., precipitation, soil moisture, or runoff) may not be sufficient for reliable risk assessment and decision-making. In this paper, a multivariate, multi-index drought-modeling approach is proposed using the concept of copulas. The proposed model, named Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI), probabilistically combines the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) for drought characterization. In other words, MSDI incorporates the meteorological and agricultural drought conditions for overall characterization of drought. In this study, the proposed MSDI is utilized to characterize the drought conditions over several Climate Divisions in California and North Carolina. The MSDI-based drought analyses are then compared with SPI and SSI. The results reveal that MSDI indicates the drought onset and termination based on the combination of SPI and SSI, with onset being dominated by SPI and drought persistence being more similar to SSI behavior. Overall, the proposed MSDI is shown to be a reasonable model for combining multiple indices probabilistically.
The Bond Agent System and Applications

In this paper we present the basic design philosophy of the Bond agent system, the multi-plane agent model and the component-based architecture implementing the model. We discuss several applications of Bond agents: resource discovery, an adaptive video service, a workflow management system, a system of agents for remote monitoring of web servers, and a network of PDE solvers.
The 90 nm Double-DICE storage element to reduce Single-Event upsets

In this paper, we introduce the Double-DICE storage element, which reduces charge sharing and collecting between the sensitive nodes of sensitive pairs in a Dual Interlocked Cell (DICE) storage cell in 90 nm technology. Interleaving two DICE storage cells in layout separates sensitive nodes by 8.5 µm, which is well beyond the minimum required of 5 µm shown in an earlier work. This reduces the probability of charge collecting in a sensitive pair in one DICE caused by a Single-Event strike. An area savings of 33.3 % results as compared to the case where no interleaving is used with the same nodal separation.
EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT : V. SYPHILITIC AFFECTIONS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND MUCOCUTANEOUS BORDERS.

In a series of more than 200 rabbits in which generalized lesions were observed following local inoculation with Treponema pallidum, there were a number of animals in which characteristic lesions were noted upon mucous membranes or along mucocutaneous borders. These lesions were distributed with about equal frequency between the nose or nasolacrimal system and the eyelids on the one hand, and the genital and anal regions on the other. The lips and buccal mucosa appeared to be less subject to localized infections unless the papillomatous growths noted on the lips and under side of the tongue should prove to be in some way connected with such an infection. In many instances, the local reaction was initiated by an acute inflammatory process, and in the case of nasal and genital infections, a definite exudate was formed. The succeeding stages of the reaction consisted in an infiltration of the parts involved, together with a variable degree of proliferation of fixed tissue cells, leading eventually to necrosis and ulceration. The resulting lesions differed according to their location and the character of the reaction in the individual case. Localized infections of the nose occurred in several forms, first, as a rather diffuse affection of the nasal mucosa characterized by the presence of a mucopurulent exudate, second, as a more or less circumscribed process of infiltration with an especial predilection for the region of the anterior nares, and third, as a granulomatous process involving the alae in particular. Involvement of the nasal mucosa was very commonly associated with lacrimal overflow and with some degree of conjunctivitis. The lesions of the eyelids were usually small, elevated papules or lesions of an ulcerative character some of which were surrounded by a zone of infiltration. In exceptional instances, large granulomatous lesions occurred along the margins of the lower lids. Infection of the penis and sheath gave rise to conditions analogous to those of the nose. In one group of animals, there was a diffuse affection characterized by redness and swelling of the parts with a mucopurulent exudate, in another there were circumscribed or diffuse infiltrations, while in a third the lesions formed were indurated granulomatous masses. Secondary necrosis with erosion or ulceration was a common feature of all these conditions. Localized infections in the region of the anus differed from those in other localities chiefly in the absence of an exudative group of affections and in the frequency with which lesions of a papillomatous type occurred. Lesions of mucous membranes and mucocutaneous borders developed at periods of time varying from a few weeks to several months after inoculation. Most of them were rather enduring and in several instances persisted in an active condition for considerably more than a year.
Gene expression of myogenic regulatory factors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, and GAP‐43 in skeletal muscle following denervation in a rat model

Neuromuscular junction destabilization following nerve injury contributes to irreversible functional impairment. Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRF's) including myoblast determination factor (MyoD), MRF-4, Myogenin, and myogenic factors-5 (myf-5), and Growth-associated protein 43 KDa (GAP43) regulate gene expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits (alpha, beta, delta, gamma, and epsilon). We hypothesized that nerve injury induces altered gene expression of MRF's, nAChRs, and GAP-43 in the skeletal muscle which destabilize neuromuscular junctions. The tibial nerve was transected in 42 juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats. Denervated and contralateral control gastrocnemius m. mRNA for nAChR subunits, MRF's, and GAP-43 were determined by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR). After transection, muscle mass decreased for 1 year with a nadir of 75% at 3 months. Alpha, gamma, and epsilon subunit genes increased by 3 and peaked at 7 days before returning to control levels (P < 0.05). Beta subunits and GAP-43 tended to increase. Delta subunits peaked at 3 days returning to control levels by 30 days. By one month, most of the nAChR subunits had returned to control levels. Alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunit expression remained significantly lower than control up to 1 year later (P < 0.05). MRF4, Myogenin, and MyoD expression paralleled that of alpha, gamma, and epsilon nAChR subunits (P < 0.05). Gene expression of nAChR alpha, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits was biphasic in the first month after nerve injury, similar to that of MRF's. nAChR subunits and MRF's may play a critical role in neuromuscular junction stability.
Prevention of Infections in Patients with Neoplastic Disease: Use of a Historical Model for Developmental Strategies

Infections associated with neoplastic disease and its treatment are well described. Associations between specific infections and particular immune defects have also been defined. Despite the awareness that certain patient populations are at risk, potential prophylactic regimens for many of these infections have not been studied. The development of isoniazid for the prevention of tuberculosis is reviewed. The requirements for the study of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with neoplastic disease are discussed based on this example. Specific infections associated with neoplastic disease are suggested as candidates for multicenter controlled trials of prophylactic regimens
Moderate Drinking and Reduced Risk of Heart Disease

Although heavier drinkers are at increased risk for some heart diseases, moderate drinkers are at lower risk for the most common form of heart disease, coronary artery disease (CAD) than are either heavier drinkers or abstainers. This association has been demonstrated in large-scale epidemiological studies from many countries. Abstainers may share traits potentially related to CAD risk, such as psychological characteristics, dietary habits, and physical exercise patterns. However, evidence supports a direct protective effect of alcohol, even after data have been adjusted for the presence of these factors. The alcohol-CAD relationship is also independent of the hypothetically increased risk status among abstainers who stopped drinking for medical reasons. All alcoholic beverages protect against CAD, although some additional protection may be attributable to personal traits or drinking patterns among people who share some beverage preferences or to nonalcohol ingredients in specific beverages. Alcohol’s protective effect may result from favorable alterations in blood chemistry and the prevention of clot formation in arteries that deliver blood to the heart muscle. Because CAD accounts for a large proportion of total mortality, the risk of death from all causes is slightly lower among moderate drinkers than among abstainers, but heavier drinkers are at considerably higher total
Temperature Effects on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Used to Estimate Dry Weight as a Condition Proxy in Coastal Bluefish

Abstract The highly migratory nature of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix makes comprehensive study of their populations and their potential responses to factors such as competition, habitat degradation, and climate change difficult. Body composition is an important ecological reference point for fish; however, estimating body composition in fish has been limited by analytical and logistical costs. We applied bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate one body composition component (percent dry weight) as a proxy of condition in bluefish. We used a tetra polar Quantum II BIA analyzer and measured electrical properties in the muscles of bluefish at two locations per fish (dorsal and ventral). In total, 96 bluefish ranging from 193 to 875 mm total length were used in model development and testing. On 59 of these fish BIA measures were taken at both 15°C and 27°C. Temperature had a significant negative effect on resistance and reactance. A subsample of these fish was then analyzed for dry weight as a perc...
Skew incidence on a thick metal-dielectric join

A skew incidence solution is presented for the diffraction by a metal-dielectric junction. Some practical applications of this result relate to a characterization of surface propagation across the seashore and the scattering by airframe discontinuities including those found in conformal arrays. The two-dimensional version of this problem has been treated previously for E and H polarization, and it is shown that the new skew incidence solution reduces to these special cases when beta = pi /2. The generalized scattering matrix formulation and the Weiner-Hopf technique are used to solve the integral equations arising after enforcing field continuity across the dielectric interfaces and the condition that the tangential electric fields vanish on the metallic surfaces. >
Real-time transrectal ultrasonography-guided hands-free technique for focal cryoablation of the prostate.

Objectives To describe, step-by-step, our hands-free technique for focal cryoablation of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods After detailed discussion of its limitations and benefits, consent was obtained to perform focal cryoablation in patients with biopsy-proven unilateral low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer. The procedure was performed transperineally, using a hands-free technique (without an external grid template) under real-time bi-plane transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guidance, using an argon/helium-gas-based third generation cryoablation system. Follow-up consisted of validated questionnaires, physical examination, PSA measures, multiparametric TRUS and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mandatory biopsy. Results The important steps for achieving safety, satisfactory oncological and functional outcomes included: patient selection, including TRUS/MRI fusion target biopsy; thermocouple and cryoprobe placement with a hands-free technique, allowing delivery in unrestricted angulations according to the prostatic contour, the course of the neurovascular bundle and the rectal wall angle; and hands-free bi-plane TRUS probe manipulation to facilitate real-time monitoring of anatomical landmarks at the ideal angle of the image plane. To achieve a lethal temperature in the known cancer area, while preserving the urinary sphincter, neurovascular bundle, urethra and rectal wall, continuous intraoperative control of the thermocouple temperatures was necessary, as were real-time TRUS monitoring of ice-ball size, control of the energy delivered and the use of a warming urethral catheter. Conclusion We have described step-by-step the focal cryoablation of prostate cancer using a hands-free technique. This technique facilitates the effective delivery of cryoprobes and the intra-operative real-time quick manipulation of the TRUS probe.
From types to typological thinking: a reply to Asendorpf

We continue to disagree with Asendorpf (2006) on the best way to analyse Q-sort data and on our priorities for personality research. We believe on statistical grounds that the large first factor found in inverse factor analyses of raw CAQ items tells us much about response norms, but little or nothing about individual differences. These emerge more clearly in analyses of standardised items, which show the familiar dimensions of the Five-Factor Model. Based on our research on types and the mixed results reported by other researchers, we do not believe that replicable empirical types are likely to be found, and suggest that a more profitable line of research would focus on the heuristics of types and the configural interpretation of traits. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measured 1 to 40 keV Photoabsorption Cross Sections for: Fe, Ni, Sn, Ta, Pt, Au, Pb, U

Total absolute photoabsorption cross sections were measured at 1 keV to 40 keV for Fe, Ni, Sn, Ta, Pt, Au, Pb and U. Overall measurement uncertainties were 3%, less than 2% of which were statistical. The measurements tested widely-used theoretical and experimental tables. They favored relativistic Hartree-Slater atomic calculations. Agreement with theory was typically 5% or better, except near the absorption edge energy region with EXAFS peaks. The measured peak and valley magnitudes for the solid samples ranged from 0% to 20% (with an average of 10%) above the atomic calculations for Fe and Ni. Discrepancies with experimental tables, at energies below 6 keV, were 10% to 40%. Authors of widely-used tables have been fraught with problems where there were few or no prior measurements, only interpolations and,theory. The present measurements used samples from a few hundred to a few thousand μg/cm2, such that the mean free path thicknesses, ppx, were 1 and 3 at 1.5 keV. Samples were vapor-deposited 440, and floated off of, optically flat glass slides. Their weights per unit area, μx g/cm4, were determined within 2% or 3%. Thicker samples, of known weights per unit area, were used for the higher energy measurements. The ratio of ppx for thick and thin samples tested px for the thin samples. Back-scattered protons and alpha particles, as well as ion microanalyses, were used to test the samples' purity. Uranium deposits were sandwiched between two beryllium layers to impede surface oxidation. The transmission measurements were taken with a demountable x-ray tube, vacuum crystal monochromator and flow proportional counter, using slits that provided a narrow-beam geometry.
1,3 Di‐tert‐butylcyclopentadiene

[73046-16-9] C13H22 (178.17) InChI = 1S/C13H22/c1-12(2,3)10-7-8-11(9-10)13(4,5)6/h7,9H,8H2,1-6H3 InChIKey = YDQHBVMPIFXJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [34671-24-4] InChI = 1S/C13H22/c1-12(2,3)10-7-8-11(9-10)13(4,5)6/h7-8H,9H2,1-6H3 InChIKey = FGBQOKZBJQNSMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [114987-03-3][114987-03-0] InChI = 1S/C13H22/c1-12(2,3)10-7-8-11(9-10)13(4,5)6/h7-10H,1-6H3 InChIKey = RADVPPBTEASJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a ligand for metals) Physical Data: bp 100–105 °C at 30 torr.1 Solubility: most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless oil, contains a mixture of all three isomers. Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC/MS. Preparative Methods: easily prepared from freshly cracked cyclopentadiene, tert-butyl bromide, Adogen 464, and KOH.1 Handing and Storage: store at 0 °C.
Analog circuit model of lamprey unit pattern generator

Neural circuitry within the spinal cord of the lamprey, a primitive vertebrate, can generate self-sustained oscillations for locomotion (swimming). This pattern generator can be modeled as a chain of oscillatory unit pattern generator segments. In this paper, the design and implementation of an analog electronic circuit which mimics the behavior of such a unit pattern generator of the lamprey is presented. The circuitry mimics a neural network containing 6 neurons with simplified biophysical properties. The analog circuit is capable of generating stable oscillatory output at different frequencies with the appropriate phase relationships among the different neural outputs. This work is the first in a series of circuits designed to have possible applications in neuroscience research and in the development of artificial locomotor systems.
Aging and the market in the United States.

Current Social Security reform proposals in the United States presume that, as long as the cash income of future retirees is secure, private businesses will take care of producing just the goods and services an aging population requires. However, the performance of private nursing homes, assisted-living complexes, pharmaceuticals, health, insurance, and transportation services for the elderly raises serious questions about the ability of markets to cater to the needs of a vulnerable population. Industries that specialize in goods and services for the old face repeated accusations of fraud, overcharging, poor service, and deceptive practices. The article reports on research on the performance of a number of industries that serve the aged. A careful look at these markets should caution us against relying too heavily on private markets to serve an aging population. The surplus funds flowing into Social Security might be better employed financing the kinds of public services for the elderly that private marke...
Organization of connections between the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and lateral hypothalamus: a single and double retrograde tracing study in rats

The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are highly interconnected telencephalic areas critical for cognitive processes, including associative learning and decision making. Both structures strongly innervate the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), an important component of the networks underlying the control of feeding and other motivated behaviors. The amygdala–prefrontal–lateral hypothalamic system is therefore well positioned to exert cognitive control over behavior. However, the organization of this system is not well defined, particularly the topography of specific circuitries between distinct cell groups within these complex, heterogeneous regions. This study used two retrograde tracers to map the connections from the amygdala (central and basolateral area nuclei) and mPFC to the LHA in detail, and to determine whether amygdalar pathways to the mPFC and to LHA originate from the same or different neurons. One tracer was placed into a distinct mPFC area (dorsal anterior cingulate, prelimbic, infralimbic, or rostromedial orbital), and the other into dorsal or ventral LHA. We report that the central nucleus and basolateral area of the amygdala send projections to distinct LHA regions, dorsal and ventral, respectively. The basolateral area, but not central nucleus, also sends substantial projections to the mPFC, topographically organized rostrocaudal to dorsoventral. The entire mPFC, in turn, projects to the LHA, providing a separate route for potential amygdalar influence following mPFC processing. Nearly all amygdalar projections to the mPFC and to the LHA originated from different neurons suggesting amygdala and amygdala–mPFC processing influence the LHA independently, and the balance of these parallel pathways ultimately controls motivated behaviors.
DynBench: A Dynamic Benchmark Suite for Distributed Real-Time Systems

In this paper we present the architecture and framework for a benchmark suite that has been developed as part of the DeSiDeRaTa project. The proposed benchmark suite is representative of the emerging generation of distributed, mission-critical, real-time control systems that operate in dynamic environments. Systems that operate in such environments may have unknown worst-case scenarios, may have large variances in the sizes of the data and event sets that they process (and thus, have large variances in execution latencies and resource requirements), and may be very difficult to characterize statically, even by time-invariant statistical distributions. The proposed benchmark suite (called DynBench) is useful for evaluation of the Quality of Service (QoS) management and/or Resource Management (RM) services in distributed real-time systems. As such, DynBench includes a set of performance metrics for the evaluation of the QoS and RM technologies in dynamic distributed real-time systems. The paper demonstrates the successful application of DynBench in evaluation of the DeSiDeRaTa QoS management middle-ware.
The resident surgeon phacoemulsification learning curve.

Objectives To analyze outcomes of resident-performed phacoemulsifications and to assess the resident phacoemulsification learning curve. Methods Retrospective chart review of resident-performed phacoemulsification cases at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, from July 1, 1999, through June 30, 2002. Outcomes measured included postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), intraoperative complications, and adjusted phacoemulsification times (total phacoemulsification time multiplied by phacoemulsification power used). Results We analyzed 680 cases. Postoperative mean UCVA was 20/39, and mean BSCVA was 20/25 (≥ 20/20 in 44.0% of cases and ≥ 20/40 in 97.8%). There were no differences in visual acuity outcomes over the course of residency training. Intraoperative complications occurred in 34 cases (5.0%), with a significant reduction in vitreous loss rates after the first 80 resident cases (5.1% vs 1.9%; P = .03). Mean adjusted phacoemulsification time was 0.68 minutes, with a significant reduction in adjusted phacoemulsification time after the first 80 cases (0.87 vs 0.52 minutes; P Conclusions Quality visual outcomes after phacoemulsification can be attained throughout residency training; however, surgical competency, when measured by complication rates and phacoemulsification efficiency, continues to improve significantly with increasing surgical experience well beyond the first 80 resident phacoemulsification cases.
Development of schematic capture support for FHDL

A user-friendly graphical interface to the Florida hardware design language (FHDL), the schematic capture program, is presented. It was designed primarily to interact with FHDL by incorporating into the design of the graphics package the capabilities for producing FHDL descriptions of circuits. The system is window based and entirely menu driven. User interaction takes place through a set of walking menus or through the mouse. Keyboard input is used to label circuits and to name files that contain circuit descriptions. The development and implementation of the program are discussed. >
On the association between environmental gradients and skull size variation in the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Understanding the spatial distribution of phenotypes and their association with local environmental conditions can provide important insights into the evolutionary history and ecological dynamics of species. Geographical variation in the skull size of the Artibeus lituratus complex was explored to evaluate the association between morphological traits and habitat-specific environmental conditions in the mainland populations of Middle and South America. We performed a principal component analysis based on 390 museum specimens using 17 cranial and mandibular measurements to explore the overall morphometric variation in our sample. Additionally, we used the information from 19 bioclimatic variables from 127 collecting localities to assess the extent of variation in environmental space across our study area. A canonical correlation analysis performed to evaluate the association between morphological and environmental variables indicated a high correlation between morphology and environment. Seasonality was correlated with skull size (canonical r = 0.7). Specifically, skull size in the A. lituratus complex increases as the amount of precipitation during the driest season increases and as inter-annual precipitation variability decreases. This result supports the hypothesis that environmental pressures are at least partially responsible for the skull size differences observed. Moreover, the nonrandom distribution of individuals with different skull sizes suggests that environmental filtering plays a role in determining the geographical distribution of morphological variants. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 623–634.
Chemical evidence concerning the solubilization site of undecanal in micelles

Abstract A comparative study of the oxidation of undecanal by chromic acid in micellar and isotropic media is reported. In the former solutions this oxidation is quite negligible, while in the latter it takes place as indicated by the reduction of Cr(VI). This difference in reactivity has been taken as evidence that undecanal is primarily solubilized inside or at least very close to the hydrocarbonlike core of the micelles.
Theories of Homicide

It is my belief that the last decade has witnessed significant advances in both the quality of data sets available for the study of homicide and the analytic strategies for estimating model parameters in quantitative studies. It is still true that the Chicago Homicide Data Set provides the most detailed information on homicide offenders, victims, and incidents for any jurisdiction in the United States, but the enhanced coverage and increasing use of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from the FBI has expanded the range of possible inquiries by homicide researchers. Similarly, advances in linking data from law enforcement and medical sources, exemplified by the National Violent Death Reporting System, allow for checks on the quality of data from single sources and offer new avenues for more nuanced investigations of homicide. Improvements in data analysis are highlighted by the usage of GeoDa to model interdependencies between geographical units and the widespread adoption of Poisson-based regression models, particularly negative binomial regression, in homicide research. Perhaps my perspective is unduly pessimistic, but similar evolution in the area of homicide theories over the first decade of the current century is not as evident. Smith and Zahn’s classic Homicide: A Source Book of Social Research, published in 1999, included three chapters on theories of homicide that reviewed social structural, cultural and subcultural, and evolutionary psychological perspectives, respectively. In the handful of texts written for use in undergraduate courses on murder, brief discussions of no more than two or three pages are typically devoted to a potpourri of theories; some developed to explain crime in general, others focused more specifically on violence, and one or two that are focused only on homicide. Attempts at theory integration have also been sparse. Undoubtedly, a major reason for the relative lack of homicide theory development compared with the methodology for its empirical investigation is a lack of consensus over the scope of behaviors that these theories should attempt to explain. At the most basic level, a homicide involves the death of an individual through the actions of one
Cell Cycle: Regulation

Normal regulation of the cell cycle ensures the passage of genetic material without mutations and aberrations. Proper completion of each phase is critical to the initiation of the following phase, and the pathways that cell division occur in an ordered, sequential, and irreversible procession. The two major cell-cycle events that are regulated tightly are DNA replication and cell division. Progression through each phase transition is regulated by extracellular signaling, transcription factors, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and checkpoints, which prevent uncontrolled cell division. Cyclin/CDK complexes are the primary factors responsible for the timely order of cell-cycle progression, which include entry into S phase, initiation of DNA replication, and mitotic entry. Each phase of the cell cycle and the different cyclin/CDK complexes, as well as other important factors that regulate cell-cycle progression and checkpoints, will be discussed.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of incessant atrial tachycardia in pregnant women with minimal radiation exposure: Lessons from two case studies

During pregnancy, incessant tachyarrhythmias may result in hemodynamic compromise in both the expectant mother and the fetus. The use of antiarrhythmic drugs is typically not safe during pregnancy, and some tachycardias are refractory to pharmacologic treatment due to a significant autonomic imbalance. Catheter ablation is thought to be more effective than medical therapy, but carries the risk of radiation exposure to the fetus. We report two cases of hemodynamically unstable incessant atrial tachycardia (AT) in pregnant women. Both ATs resolved after three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation with minimal fluoroscopic exposure. But one of the patients experienced a pulmonary embolism immediately after the procedure and miscarried.
Global burden of hepatitis C: considerations for healthcare providers in the United States.

An estimated 2%–3% of the world’s population is living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and each year, >350 000 die of HCV-related conditions, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. The epidemiology and burden of HCV infection varies throughout the world, with country-specific prevalence ranging from 10%. In contrast to the United States and other developed countries, HCV transmission in developing countries frequently results from exposure to infected blood in healthcare and community settings. Hepatitis C prevention, care, and treatment programs must recognize country-specific epidemiology, which varies by setting and level of economic development. Awareness of the global epidemiology of HCV infection is important for US healthcare providers treating foreign-born patients from countries where HCV infection is endemic and for counseling patients who travel to these countries. Countries with a high burden of HCV infection also would benefit from establishing comprehensive prevention, care, and treatment programs. Globally, an estimated 130–170 million persons (2%–3% of the world’s population) are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [1]. This infection, particularly in its chronic form, is associated with sizable morbidity and mortality. More than 350 000 deaths are attributed to HCV infection each year, most of which are caused by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [2]. An estimated 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of HCC can be attributed to hepatitis C worldwide, and disease rates can be even more substantial in countries with a high burden of infection. For example, in Japan, up to 90% of all reported cases of HCC are caused by HCV infection [2].
The Analysis of Three-Dimensional Structure from Moving Images

Thirty years ago, Wallach and O’Connell (1) reported a phenomenon they called the kinetic depth effect that dramatically demonstrated the importance of motion for the perception of three-dimensional form. The methodology of this demonstration involved a shadow projection technique developed previously by Miles (2). The shadows were produced by placing a series of objects on a turntable between a point light source and a translucent display screen. When an observer on the other side of the screen saw the shadow of a stationary object it always appeared as a two-dimensional pattern. However, whenever the object was rotated on the turntable its shadow would suddenly jump out in depth. Almost all of the observers in this moving condition spontaneously reported that the shadow appeared as a solid object rotating in three-dimensional space.
ADA at 25 and People With Cognitive Disabilities: From Voice to Action

Abstract The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008, are effecting dramatic changes in the perception of cognitive and other disabilities, from pr...
Accuracy of cultures of material from swabbing of the superficial aspect of the wound and needle biopsy in the preoperative assessment of osteomyelitis.

The pathogens that were identified on cultures of material obtained by swabbing of the superficial aspect of the wound and needle biopsy were compared with those that were isolated from material that was obtained at debridement from sixty patients who had post-traumatic or postoperative osteomyelitis. The cultures of material that was obtained by superficial swabbing of the wound and needle biopsy were inadequate for prediction of the presence of aerobic organisms. Moreover, the failure to isolate anaerobes from the material obtained by needle biopsy did not rule out the presence of anaerobic organisms. Therefore, tissue for culture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms must be obtained during operative debridement in order to identify all pathogenic organisms. Fungi were isolated from the material obtained by biopsy in two patients. In addition, histological examination of the tissue obtained at biopsy led to the diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma in two patients in whom this diagnosis had not been suspected before biopsy. Cultures were negative for mycobacteria in all patients. An additional ten patients who had a tibial non-union and latent osteomyelitis were studied. In nine of them, cultures of material obtained by needle biopsy showed no growth. Six of these nine patients had an exacerbation of the osteomyelitis after intramedullary nailing for the non-union. Therefore, the absence of growth of organisms from tissue obtained at needle biopsy does not rule out the possibility that osteomyelitis may be reactivated after intramedullary nailing with reaming.
Seasons in the Sun: Reflections on Race and the Race for the Democratic Party Presidential Nomination

Keynote address at the 10th Annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Reflection and Commemoration at DePaul Univresity College of Law.
Morphometric analysis of young petiole galls on the narrow-leaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, by the sugarbeet root aphid, Pemphigus betae

An insect-induced gall is a highly specialized structure resulting from atypical development of plant tissue induced by a reaction to the presence and activity of an insect. The insect induces a differentiation of tissues with features and functions of an ectopic organ, providing nutrition and protection to the galling insect from natural enemies and environmental stresses. In this anatomical and cytological study, we characterized how the gall-inducing aphid Pemphigus betae reshapes the leaf morphology of the narrow-leaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia to form a leaf fold gall. Young galls displayed a bend on one side of the midvein toward the center of the leaf and back to create a fold on the abaxial side of the leaf. This fold was formed abaxially by periclinal and anticlinal divisions, effectively eliminating intercellular spaces from the spongy parenchyma. Galls at this stage exhibited both cell hypertrophy and tissue hyperplasia. Cells on the adaxial surface were more numerous and smaller than cells near the abaxial surface were, creating the large fold that surrounds the insect. Mesophyll cells exhibited some features typical of nutritive cells induced by other galling insects, including conspicuous nucleolus, reduced and fragmented vacuole, smaller and degraded chloroplasts, and dense cytoplasm compared to ungalled tissue. Even though aphids feed on the contents of phloem and do not directly consume the gall tissue, they induce changes in the plant vascular system, which lead to nutrient accumulation to support the growing aphid numbers in mature galls.
Time, space, entropy and life

One of the most intriguing aspects of life must be the concept of time! In other words, if there is no time, then there would be no life! Life may be known as; if there is a beginning, then there is an end! In a broader sense; life can be repeated again and again until it is totally disappeared, such as human race. But each human life is actually a different life!
Development of a focused broadband ultrasonic transducer for high resolution fundamental and harmonic intravascular imaging

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is increasingly employed for detection and evaluation of coronary artery diseases. Tissue Harmonic Imaging provides different tissue information that could additionally be used to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, current IVUS systems, with their unfocussed transducers, may not be capable of operating in harmonic imaging mode. Thus, there is a need to develop suitable transducers and appropriate techniques to allow imaging in multi modes for complementary diagnostic information. Focused PVDF TrFE transducers were developed using MEMS (MicroElectro-Mechanical-Systems) compatible protocols. The transducers were characterized using pulse-echo techniques and exhibited broad bandwidth (110% at -6dB) with axial resolutions of <19 micron. These transducers were demonstrated to be suitable for harmonic imaging in IVUS. Improvements in lateral resolution for harmonic signals were investigated. A method was developed to present five modes of images (standard 40 MHz, fundamental 20
Supergeneralized Runge-Lenz vector in the problem of two Coulomb or Newton centers

A so-called two centers problem (TCP) has the following two mathematically equivalent, but physically different embodiments. The first one is the motion of an electron in the field of two stationary Coulomb centers of charges $Z$ and $Z$\ensuremath{'} separated by a distance $R$, which is one of the most fundamental problems in quantum mechanics. The second one is the motion of a planet in the gravitational field of two stationary stars of generally different masses, which is one of the most fundamental problems in celestial mechanics. At least, two groups of authors claimed that for the TCP they derived a supergeneralized Runge-Lenz vector, whose projection on the internuclear (or interstellar) axis is conserved. In the present paper, first, we show that their claims are incorrect: the projection of their supergeneralized Runge-Lenz vector is not conserved. Second, we derive a correct supergeneralized Runge-Lenz vector whose projection on the internuclear or interstellar axis does conserve. Third, since in the literature there are several expressions for the separation constant for the TCP---the expressions not having the form of a projection of any vector on the internuclear or interstellar axis---we provide relations between those expressions and our result.
Between Standard Italian and Creole: An interim report on language patterns in an Italian-American community

(1981). Between Standard Italian and Creole: An interim report on language patterns in an Italian-American community. WORD: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 181-191.
Analysis on the dynamic changes of pathogens of sporadic viral hepatitis in Jiading District, Shanghai

To learn the dynamic changes of pathogens of sporadic viral hepatitis during the recent 10 years, and to provide scientific basis for viral hepatitis prevention.Analysis was made on all the sporadic viral hepatitis cases collected during 1992～2002.Generally the morbidity of hepatitis is on a decreasing trend with the major cases of HA and HB. HC has a very small proportion, but HE increases rapidly.[Conclusion]The prevention work for HA, HB and HC should be emphasized. Diagnosing level on hepatitis should be improved.
Sternoclavicular osteomyelitis and pyoarthrosis as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization: a case report and review of the literature

Numerous complications have been attributed to subclavian vein catheterization. Osteomyelitis and/or sternoclavicular pyoarthrosis is a rarely mentioned complication, previously reported only four times. Soft tissue infections occur frequently and respond well to topical and antibiotic treatment. If symptoms should persist for several weeks, osteomyelitis and/or sternoclavicular pyoarthrosis should be considered. We advocate management with early surgical intervention. Bone and gallium scans are helpful diagnostically, but CT scans offer the best assessment of the sternoclavicular joint itself. Surgery has produced excellent results, without functional compromise.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Hemophagocytic Syndromes

A hemophagocytic syndrome is a systemic, non-neoplastic acute disease presenting with cytopenias and organ infiltration by histiocytes, frequently with hemophagocytosis, and is usually fatal if left untreated.
Pyelonephritis from severe incrustations on silicone ureteral stents: management.

Abstract We report an unusual ease of pyelonephritis secondary to large incrustations or. silicone double J ureteral stents left indwelling for 12 months. After the pyelonephritis was treated with antibiotics, hemiacidrin irrigation via percutaneous nephrostomy tubes and a ureteral stent was used to dissolve the incrustations and allow removal of the stents.
CSR as an Adaptive Selling Tool: a Novel Framework and a Robust Analysis Proposal

In this working chapter the authors document an additional way that CSR can be used by employees to improve customer relationships. That is, employees can use CSR as an adaptive selling tool. Employees use CSR as an adaptive selling tool to the extent that CSR fits with what their understanding of the company identity is, and to the degree that customers support the CSR program.
“Dressing in Colours”: Changing the Guard

“In the article of personal appearance, I think that propriety and degree should be consulted, as well as fortune,” Sir Charles Grandison informs his beloved Harriet Byron, in the weeks preceding their wedding, adding, almost as an afterthought, that he has long “wished for the revival of Sumptuary Laws” (3:124). Sir Charles expresses his yearning for a time when dress was legislated, when the lines between social classes were clearly demarcated, a wish remarkably inconsistent with the social ambitions and mixed wardrobe of Richardson’s earliest protagonist, Pamela Andrews, the vivacious and virtuous young servant girl.1 In a moral world such as Sir Charles envisions and actively seeks to create, clothing should clearly and distinctly express the age, gender, nationality, and social station of the wearer, allowing no possibility for misreading, no opportunity for deceit, a means to differentiate the good, the moral, from the bad and the immoral.
The NRC Human Performance Test Facility: An Approach to Data Collection Using Novices and a Simplified Environment

In the spring of 2012, as part of a ‘hub and spoke’ model of research to address the human performance concerns related to current as well as new and advanced control room designs and operations, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored a project to procure a low cost simulator to empirically measure and study human performance aspects of control room operations. Using this simulator, the Human Factors and Reliability Branch (HFRB) in the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) began a program of research known as the NRC Human Performance Test Facility (HPTF) to collect empirical human performance data with the purpose of measuring and ultimately better understanding the various cognitive and physical elements that support safe control room operation. To accomplish this, HFRB first procured two 3-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor simulators with the capability to run a full range of power operation scenarios. HFRB staff work as co-investigators along with a team of researchers at the University of Central Florida (UCF) to design and carry-out a series of experiments aimed at measuring and understanding the human performance aspects of common control room tasks through the use of a variety of physiological and self-report metrics. The intent was to design experiments that balanced domain realism and laboratory control sufficiently to collect systematic, yet meaningful human performance data related to execution of common main control room (MCR) tasks. Investigators identified and defined three types of tasks that are examined in the present project: Checking, Detection, and Response Implementation. Task type presentation was partially counterbalanced to maintain ecologic validity with experimental control. A variety of subjective and physiological measures were used to understand performance of those tasks in terms of workload. The simulator used to collect these data was a digital representation of a generic analog NPP MCR interface. The data resulting from this experimentation enhances the current information gathering process, allowing for more robust technical bases to support regulatory guidance development and decision making. The present paper describes the approach behind this research effort.