cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing metabolomic data analysis with Progressive Consensus Alignment of NMR Spectra (PCANS)

Background Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one of the primary tools in metabolomics analyses, where it is used to track and quantify changes in metabolite concentrations or profiles in response to perturbation through disease, toxicants or drugs. The spectra generated through such analyses are typically confounded by noise of various types, obscuring the signals and hindering downstream statistical analysis. Such issues are becoming increasingly significant as greater numbers of large-scale systems or longitudinal studies are being performed, in which many spectra from different conditions need to be compared simultaneously.
Control of Exoskeletons Inspired by Fictitious Gain in Human Model

A human wearing an exoskeleton-type assistive device results in a parallel control system that includes two controllers: an exoskeleton controller and a human brain that includes the spinal cord and the cerebrum. Unknown and complicated characteristics of the brain dynamically interact with the exoskeleton controller, which makes the controller design challenging. In this paper, the motion control system of a human is regarded as a feedback control loop that consists of the brain, muscles, and the dynamics of the extended human body. The brain is modeled as a control algorithm amplified by a fictitious gain (FG). The FG is adjusted to compensate for characteristic changes in the muscle and human body dynamics due to physical impairment, varying load, or any other causes. In this paper, an exoskeleton controller that realizes the FG is designed, and its performance and robustness are discussed.
From Middle Horizon cord-keeping to the rise of Inka khipus in the central Andes

Recording devices formed of knotted cords, known as khipus, are a well-known feature of imperial administration among the Inka of Andean South America. The origins and antecedents of this recording system are, however, much less clearly documented. Important insights into that ancestry are offered by a group of eight khipus dating from the later part of the Middle Horizon period (AD 600�1000), probably used by the pre-Inka Wari culture of the central Andes. This article reports the AMS dating of four of these early khipus. A feature of the Middle Horizon khipus is the clustering of knots in groups of five, suggesting that they were produced by a people with a base five number system. Later, Inka khipus were organised instead around a decimal place-value system. Hence the Inka appear to have encountered the base five khipus among Wari descendant communities late in the Middle Horizon or early in the Late Intermediate period (AD 1000�1450), subsequently adapting them to a decimal system
Small signal point-to-point tracking of a propellant mixer

The mixer described in this work is responsible for combining high pressure LH2 and GH2 to produce a hydrogen flow that meets certain thermodynamic properties before it is fed in to a test article. The desired properties are maintained by controlling the LH2 and GH2 flows. The mixer is modeled as a general multi-flow lumped volume for single constituent fluids using density and internal energy as states. A small-signal model is developed based on the nonlinear model and simulated including a table look-up feature of the fluid thermodynamic properties. Pulse disturbances are introduced to the valve positions and the quality of the linear model is ascertained by comparing its behavior against the nonlinear model simulations. Valve control strategies that simulate an operator-in-the-loop scenario are then explored demonstrating the need for automatic feedback control. Finally, classical optimal multi-output proportional/integral controllers are designed based on the linear model and applied to the nonlinear model with excellent results to track simultaneous, constant setpoint changes in desired exit flow, exit temperature, and mixer pressure, as well as to reject unmeasurable but bounded additive step perturbations in the valve positions.
Surface expression and limited proteolysis of ADAM10 are increased by a dominant negative inhibitor of dynamin

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by β- and γ-secretases to generate toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. Alternatively, α-secretases cleave APP within the Aβ domain, precluding Aβ formation and releasing the soluble ectodomain, sAPPα. We previously showed that inhibition of the GTPase dynamin reduced APP internalization and increased release of sAPPα, apparently by prolonging the interaction between APP and α-secretases at the plasma membrane. This was accompanied by a reduction in Aβ generation. In the present study, we investigated whether surface expression of the α-secretase ADAM (a d isintegrin a nd m etalloprotease)10 is also regulated by dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably expressing M3 muscarinic receptors with a dominant negative dynamin I mutant (dyn I K44A), increased surface expression of both immature, and mature, catalytically active forms of co-expressed ADAM10. Surface levels of ADAM10 were unaffected by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) or M3 receptors, indicating that receptor-coupled shedding of the ADAM substrate APP is unlikely to be mediated by inhibition of ADAM10 endocytosis in this cell line. Dyn I K44A strongly increased the formation of a C-terminal fragment of ADAM10, consistent with earlier reports that the ADAM10 ectodomain is itself a target for sheddases. The abundance of this fragment was increased in the presence of a γ-secretase inhibitor, but was not affected by M3 receptor activation. The dynamin mutant did not affect the distribution of ADAM10 and its C-terminal fragment between raft and non-raft membrane compartments. Surface expression and limited proteolysis of ADAM10 are regulated by dynamin-dependent endocytosis, but are unaffected by activation of signaling pathways that upregulate shedding of ADAM substrates such as APP. Modulation of ADAM10 internalization could affect cellular behavior in two ways: by altering the putative signaling activity of the ADAM10 C-terminal fragment, and by regulating the biological function of ADAM10 substrates such as APP and N-cadherin.
Pediatric Intensive Care

To provide optimal care, a veterinarian in a pediatric intensive care situation for a puppy or kitten should be familiar with normal and abnormal vital signs, nursing care and monitoring considerations, and probable diseases. This article is a brief discussion of the pediatric intensive care commonly required to treat puppies or kittens in emergency situations and for canine parvovirus type 2 enteritis.
Utility of pre-operative serum CA-125 in the management of uterine papillary serous carcinoma

Abstract Objective To evaluate the usefulness of pre-operative serum CA-125 in the management of women diagnosed with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). We hypothesized that elevated pre-operative levels of serum CA-125 correlate with higher disease stage and poorer prognosis. Methods Patients diagnosed with UPSC and managed in our institution were identified over a period of 10 years, 1995 to 2005. All required information were extracted from their records. The nonparametric test applied for comparison of data included Kruskal Wallis H -test and Man–Whitney U -test. The χ 2 test and Spearman correlation test were used to examine the association of serum CA-125 with different parameters. Receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were used to quantify marker performance. Recurrence and survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analyses were performed with a Cox proportional regression method. Results A total of 41 patients met the study criteria. Mean pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were significantly higher in patients with stage IV (1150±1297 U/mL), compared with stage III (181±232 U/mL; P P P r =0.68, P P =0.009), and median OS not reached during study vs. 25 months, ( P =0.0001) respectively]. Multivariate regression model showed CA-125 as the only variable associated with survival ( P =0.05). Conclusion Pre-operative serum CA-125 levels correlate with stage of disease in patients with UPSC. This may be important for management planning, prognostication and counseling in these women.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Plunging Airfoils

This paper presents the results of flow computations around plunging airfoils using a low dissipation finite volume scheme that preserves kinetic energy. The kinetic energy preserving scheme is briefly described and numerical experiments are done on low Mach, low Reynolds numbers plunging airfoils. Results are discussed and compared with experimental data.
Transport proteins and molecular biology: is cloning the beginning or the end?

Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are an important energy substrate used by cardiac myocytes and other cells, but the mechanism whereby these molecules cross the plasma membrane is poorly understood. We used an expression cloning strategy and a cDNA library from 3T3-L1 adipocytes to identify a cDNA that, when expressed in cultured cells, augments uptake of LCFAs. This cDNA encodes a novel 646 amino acid fatty acid transport protein (FATP) with six predicted membrane spanning regions and that is integrally associated with membranes. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes show that FATP is localized to the plasma membrane. We propose that FATP is a plasma membrane transporter for LCFAs.
Design of Frames by Relaxation of Yield-Hinges

A method is herein developed for determining the loading condition that causes the collapse of a rigid frame structure. It is shown that the location of the “yield-hinges,” when the structure is on...
Special Education Complaints Filed by Parents of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Midwestern United States

The number of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) receiving services in public schools is increasing steadily. However, the findings of previous research and recent litigation trends sugg...
Smart Damping Treatment for Flexible Structure

The mathematical model of a flexible cantilever beam with a constrained viscoelastic layer and shape memory alloy layer called smart damping treatment (SDT) is presented. It is shown that a change of the elastic modulus of the shape memory alloy layer will affect the system loss factor and resonance frequency. The recovery stress of the SMA layer leads to an inhomogeneity in the governing differential equation. The recovery stress also functions as an excitation to the system. The effects of the different parameters found in the analysis are discussed in the paper.
Hydrodynamic interaction of microswimmers near a wall.

The hydrodynamics of an archetypal low-Reynolds number swimmer, called ``squirmer,'' near a wall has been numerically studied. For a single squirmer, depending on the swimming mechanism, three different modes are distinguished: (a) the squirmer escaping from the wall, (b) the squirmer swimming along the wall at a constant distance and orientation angle, and (c) the squirmer swimming near the wall in a periodic trajectory. The role of inertial effects on the near-wall motion of the squirmer is quantified. The dynamics of multiple squirmers swimming between two walls is found to be very different from a single squirmer. Near-wall accumulation of squirmers are observed. At a relatively small concentration $c=0.1$, around $60--80%$ of the squirmers are accumulated near the walls and attraction of pushers and pullers toward the wall is stronger than neutral squirmers. Near-wall squirmers orient normal to the wall, while in the bulk region, the squirmers are mostly oriented parallel to the wall. At a high concentration $c=0.4$, the percentage of the near-wall squirmers is around $40%$. The orientation angle of squirmers in the bulk region is more uniformly distributed at high concentrations. In the near-wall region, pullers repel each other, while pushers are attracted to each other and form clusters.
Pressure studies of the quantum critical alloy Ce 0.93 Yb 0.07 CoIn 5

Here we present our experimental and theoretical study of the effects of pressure on the transport properties of the heavy-fermion alloy ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Yb}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoIn}}_{5}$ with actual concentration $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.07$. We specifically choose this value of ytterbium concentration because the magnetic-field-induced quantum critical point, which separates the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic states at zero temperature, approaches zero, as has been established in previous studies. Our measurements show that pressure further suppresses quantum fluctuations in this alloy, just as it does in the parent compound ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$. In contrast, the square-root temperature-dependent part of resistivity remains insensitive to pressure, indicating that the heavy quasiparticles are not involved in the inelastic scattering processes leading to such a temperature-dependent resistivity. We demonstrate that the growth of the coherence temperature with pressure, as well as the decrease of the residual resistivity, can be accurately described by employing the coherent potential approximation for a disordered Kondo lattice.
AlInAsSb separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes

We report AlxIn1−xAsySb1−y separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that operate in the short-wavelength infrared spectrum. They exhibit excess noise factor less or equal to that of Si and the low dark currents typical of III-V compound APDs.
In situ Hybridization Approach to Study mRNA Expression and Distribution in Cochlear Frozen Sections

In situ hybridization is well suited to obtaining specific topological information on gene transcripts and thereby to relating such observations to a particular function. In spite of the technical and practical difficulties, the application of molecular biological techniques such as in situ hybridization to the cochlea can provide important insights. However, the rarity of gene products (mRNA and proteins) in the cochlea and its fragile structure require the refinement and adaptation of in situ hybridization methods. The present chapter provides a detailed in situ hybridization protocol adapted to frozen tissue sections collected from adult and neonatal stages of the vertebrate cochlea.
Thermochemical Compatibility and Oxidation Resistance of Advanced LWR Fuel Cladding

We assessed the thermochemical compatibility of potential replacement cladding materials for zirconium alloys in light water reactors. Considered were FeCrAl steel (similar to Kanthal APMT), Nb-1%Zr (similar to PWC-11), and a hybrid SiC-composite with a metallic barrier layer. The niobium alloy was also seen as requiring an oxidation protective layer, and a diffusion silicide was investigated. Metallic barrier layers for the SiC-composite reviewed included a FeCrAl alloy, Nb-1%Zr, and chromium. Thermochemical calculations were performed to determine oxidation behavior of the materials in steam, and for hybrid SiC-composites possible interactions between the metallic layer and SiC. Additionally, experimental exposures of SiC-alloy reaction couples at 673K, 1073K, and 1273K for 168 h in an inert atmosphere were made and microanalysis performed. Whereas all materials were determined to oxidize under higher oxygen partial pressures in the steam environment, these varied by material with expected protective oxides forming. Finally, the computed and experimental results indicate the formation of liquid phase eutectic in the FeCrAl-SiC system at the higher temperatures.
Case Study: An Experimental Evaluation of a Labor Market Program

INTRODUCTION In this chapter we illustrate some of the methods discussed in the previous chapters in an application. The application involves a social program designed to improve labor market outcomes for individuals with relatively poor skills and labor market histories: the Saturation Work Initiative Model (SWIM) program in San Diego, evaluated during the period 1985–1987. As is typical, a substantial amount of background information on the individuals in the program was collected, including demographics and recent labor market histories, allowing us to investigate heterogeneity in the effects of the program. The outcomes of interest, post-program earnings and employment records, are either discrete or mixed discrete-continuous, suggesting that constant additive treatment-effect assumptions are typically not plausible. Using these data we will calculate Fisher exact p-values for sharp null hypotheses and construct Neyman large-sample confidence intervals. We will also discuss, in detail, regression and model-based inferences for various average treatment effects, using the covariates to increase precision as well as to estimate treatment effects for subpopulations. We emphasize the model selection choices and the various other decisions faced by researchers. THE SAN DIEGO SWIM PROGRAM DATA SWIM primarily targeted women who were eligible for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), with children at least six years old (although, as the summary statistics show, there was a substantial proportion of women with younger children, a small number of men, and some individuals with no children). It was a mandatory program, with fairly strong participation enforcement, and provided a sequence of group job search, unpaid work experience, education, and job skills training. Compared to similar programs in other locations, it had broad coverage, with the intention to reach a wide range of individuals eligible for AFDC, including those who may not have participated in such assistance programs. The average cost of participating in this program was $919 per trainee, paid for by the local authorities.
Disobedience: International or Cosmopolitan?

The term ‘globalization’ refers to a cluster of interrelated concepts covering different dimensions: economic, ideological, technological, political, and cultural. However, it is the economic dimension that has provided the most salient and controversial features of globalization to date. As Kacowicz (2007) notes, the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows occurs through the internationalization and de-territorialization of production, along with the greatly increased mobility of capital and of transnational (multinational) corporations deepening and intensification of economic interdependence. The economic manifestations of globalization include: the spatial reorganization of production; the inter-penetration of industries across borders; the spread of financial markets; the diffusion of identical consumer goods across markets, the massive transfer of populations and knowledge across national borders; and the extension beyond national borders of market forces. By definition, Kacowicz suggests, these economic forces are undemocratic, if not antidemocratic. ‘By condensing the time and space of social relationships, economic globalization transcends the territorial states, and, as a result, is not accountable to elected political officials’ (p. 568).
Global k -space analysis of electron-phonon interaction in graphene and application to M -point spectroscopy

Recently, optical probes have become available that can access and observe energy renormalization due to electron-phonon interaction in graphene away from the well-studied Dirac $K$ point. Using an expanded deformation potential approach, we present a theoretical study of the electron-phonon self-energy and scattering matrix elements across the entire Brillouin zone. We elucidate the roles of modulated hopping and conventional deformation potential coupling, parameterized via standard deformation potentials, the in-plane phonon modes, intra- and interband contributions, and umklapp processes. Applying the theory to nonlinear optical transmission spectroscopy in the vicinity of the $M$ point, we find very good agreement with recently published experimental data.
Renormalization of Collective Modes in Large-Scale Neural Dynamics

The bulk of studies of coupled oscillators use, as is appropriate in Physics, a global coupling constant controlling all individual interactions. However, because as the coupling is increased, the number of relevant degrees of freedom also increases, this setting conflates the strength of the coupling with the effective dimensionality of the resulting dynamics. We propose a coupling more appropriate to neural circuitry, where synaptic strengths are under biological, activity-dependent control and where the coupling strength and the dimensionality can be controlled separately. Here we study a set of $$N\rightarrow \infty $$ strongly- and nonsymmetrically-coupled, dissipative, powered, rotational dynamical systems, and derive the equations of motion of the reduced system for dimensions 2 and 4. Our setting highlights the statistical structure of the eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix as the fundamental determinant of collective behavior, inheriting from this structure symmetries and singularities absent from the original microscopic dynamics.
A piecewise polynomial chaos approach to stochastic linear quadratic regulation for systems with probabilistic parametric uncertainties

Polynomial chaos theory provides a computationally efficient tool for control system design subject to probabilistic parametric uncertainties. In most existing methods, Galerkin projection is used to approximate the original stochastic system by a deterministic projected system of higher dimensions, so that control synthesis can be performed within the projected space. These methods have two main limitations: (i) a non-convex optimization problem is obtained for control synthesis; and (ii) due to approximation errors, stability derived for the projected approximation may not be automatically achieved by the original system. In this article, a new polynomial chaos based approach is proposed for stochastic discrete-time linear quadratic regulation. Instead of approximating the original system with Galerkin projection, a guaranteed cost problem is formulated and then approximated by using polynomial chaos. A tuning parameter is introduced to explicitly account for the approximation errors. A semidefinite program is then derived by exploiting orthogonality of the polynomial bases, in contrast to the non-convex optimization obtained by the Galerkin projection based methods. In particular, the general nonlinear parametric dependence can be effectively addressed by using its piecewise polynomial approximation. A numerical example illustrates the efficacy of our proposed approach.
Density and electron density of aqueous cryoprotectant solutions at cryogenic temperatures for optimized cryoprotection and diffraction contrast.

The glass-phase densities at T = 77 K of aqueous solutions of the common cryoprotective agents (CPAs) methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, glycerol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200 and polypropylene glycol 425 were measured as a function of CPA concentration. Individual drops with volumes as small as ∼65 pl were rapidly cooled to achieve the glass phase, and their densities at T = 77 K were determined by cryoflotation. These densities were used to determine the glass-phase electron density of each solution and its volume thermal contraction between room temperature and 77 K. When combined with data for the critical cooling rates required to achieve the glass phase versus CPA concentration, these yield alternative measures of cryoprotectant effectiveness. These reference data will aid in minimizing sample stresses and mechanical damage in cryocrystallography, in cryogenic temperature X-ray imaging and in vitrification-based cryopreservation protocols, and in maximizing electron-density contrast between cryoprotectant solutions and biomolecules in cryogenic temperature small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and cryo-electron microscopy.
Multiple Media Correlation

This chapter develops general models that form the framework for computed synchronization solutions. The goal of computed synchronization is the automatic determination of causal and spatial synchronization among media objects. The models that are developed provide a basis for the construction of solutions to real-world problems in media synchronization, as well as a basis for proving solution validity. Techniques based on these models are collectively referred to as multiple media correlation (MMC). Chapter 4 presents algorithmic approaches to solving these models.
Selecting and Screening Donors

Oocyte donation was originally established in 1983 as a treatment option for younger women with premature ovarian failure and for women with severe pelvic disease whose ovaries, as a result, were surgically inaccessible. The indications for donor oocyte in vitro fertilization (IVF) have now expanded to include not only women with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism but also those with advanced reproductive age, diminished ovarian reserve, significant genetic disease risk, poor oocyte or embryo quality, or multiple failures in prior attempts to conceive using conventional assisted reproductive technology (ART). Oocyte donation has also been recently used as an important source of material to promote the study of stem cell research.
Biological shape and visual science (part I)

Abstract A new geometry based on the primitive notions of a point and a growth is explored. Growth from a boundary generates a description of an object that is centered on the space it includes. Growth from this centered or core description generates the boundary by an inverse growth. This leads to new properties and descriptions which are particularly suitable for many biological objects. Some implications for mathematics and biology are discussed. Part II explores the use of this description to the understanding of the visual process. Some implications for a revised view of nervous system structure and function are discussed.
Electro-discharge consolidation of nanocrystalline Nb—Al powders produced by mechanical alloying

Nanocrystalline powders of a 77 at% Nb—Al system prepared by mechanical alloying were subjected to external pressures of up to 450 MPa in a ceramic die, producing a green density between 75% and 85% of theoretical. These powders were consolidated into a solid bulk with a relative density of up to 99% by discharging a high-voltage, high-density current pulse (discharge time <500 μs and input energy of 0.5–1.0 kJ g-1). The consolidated bulk was still a mixture of two nanocrystalline intermetallic phases of Nb2Al and Nb3Al. The resultant grain sizes ranged from 13–33 nm. A negative Hall–Petch relation between Vickers microhardness and grain size was clearly observed, indicating that grain-size softening occurs.
Time-Lapse Cinemicrophotographic Studies of Cell Division Patterns of Human Diploid Fibroblasts (WI-38) during their in Vitro Lifespan

Since Hayflick and Moorhead (1) and Hayflick (2) reported on the finite lifespan of cultured diploid fibroblasts, researchers have used these cell types to study aging at the cellular level. The decline in proliferative capacity of diploid fibroblasts with increasing in vitro age has been attributed to a gradual increase in the proportion of non-dividing cells (3,4,5,8).
Influence of Manufacturing Process Variables on the Properties of Ophthalmic Ointments of Tobramycin

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate qualitative (Q1) and quantitative (Q2) equivalent oleaginous ophthalmic ointments of tobramycin (TOB) with different physicochemical properties and identify critical process/quality attributes using various in vitro methods of characterization. Various sources of petrolatum and TOB, and two mixing methods were employed to generate Q1/Q2 equivalent ointments. Characterization studies included content uniformity, microscopy, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheology. The particle size distribution of TOB influenced the content uniformity of ointments. Differences in the MTDSC endothermic and exothermic peaks of TOB suggested the presence of different polymorphic forms. GC/MS revealed variations in the composition and distribution of linear and branched hydrocarbons of petrolatums. Differences were also observed in the TGA derivative weight loss peaks demonstrating differences in the composition of petrolatum that may be the source of the observed variations in the rheological parameters of the ointments. Source and composition of the petrolatum played a more critical role in determining the rheological properties compared to the method of preparation. Results demonstrated the impact of the source of TOB, excipients and manufacturing processes on the quality attributes of TOB ophthalmic ointments.
Patient reported outcomes in acute inpatient rehabilitation in a comprehensive cancer center.

e21579Patient Reported Outcomes in Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation in a Comprehensive Cancer CenterBackground: Cancer survivors often face severe debility and loss of functional independence after t...
Embolizing Massive Right Atrial Thrombus in a HIV-Infected Patient:

The risk of thromboembolism is increased when associated with the human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection. Various factors are involved in promoting thrombosis, and the presence of a patent fo...
Supporting Personalized Learning through Individualized Learning Plans

Individualized Learning Plans (ILPs), an effective strategy to promote students’ college and career readiness, are increasingly used in US school systems as a mechanism to encourage students’ caree...
The postoperative use of Impella as a ventricular assist device in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A case series and comparison.

Introduction Prophylactic placement of intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) for hemodynamic support has been used in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The use of the Impella CP (ICP) heart pump in high-risk patients undergoing CABG has not been reported. In this study, we report our experience using ICP and IABP devices in high-risk patients during the postoperative period. Methods This is a case series and retrospective comparison of ICP vs IABP at a single institution using data from 2017. Twenty-eight patients underwent postoperative placement of either the ICP or an IABP. Nineteen patients received IABP and nine received the ICP heart pump. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and complications were compared using bivariate analysis. Exact logistic regression was used to compare risk-adjusted mortality. Results There were no statistically significant differences in epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, or outcomes between both groups, except the ICP group had a lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (22.5 vs 35; P = .028). Exact logistic regression analysis did not show a difference in 30-day mortality between both groups (P = .086). Conclusion The postoperative use of the ICP heart pump, to support high-risk patients undergoing CABG, is a safe option. This practice has allowed us to perform CABG on sicker patients, specifically with depressed ejection fractions, with comparable results to the IABP. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to draw definitive conclusions, but this pilot study demonstrates a possible expanded use of the Impella device.
Nanoformulated SOD1 ameliorates the combined NASH and alcohol-associated liver disease partly via regulating CYP2E1 expression in adipose tissue and liver

Enhanced free fatty acid (FFA) flux from adipose tissue (AT) to liver plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD). We determined the effectiveness of nanoformulated superoxide dismutase 1 (Nano) in attenuating liver injury in a mouse model exhibiting a combination of NASH and AALD. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed a chow diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 10 wk followed by pair feeding of the Lieber-DeCarli control (control) or ethanol (ET) diet for 4 wk. Nano was administered once every other day for the last 2 wk of ET feeding. Mice were divided into 1) CD + control diet (CD + Cont), 2) high-fat diet (HF) + control diet (HF + Cont), 3) HF + Cont + Nano, 4) HF + ET diet (HF + ET), and 5) HF + ET + Nano. The total fat mass, visceral AT mass (VAT), and VAT perilipin 1 content were significantly lower only in HF + ET-fed mice but not in HF + ET + Nano-treated mice compared with controls. The HF + ET-fed mice showed an upregulation of VAT CYP2E1 protein, and Nano abrogated this effect. We noted a significant rise in plasma FFAs, ALT, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in HF + ET-fed mice, which was blunted in HF + ET + Nano-treated mice. HF + ET-induced increases in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory markers were attenuated upon Nano treatment. Nano reduced hepatic CYP2E1 and enhanced catalase levels in HF + ET-fed mice with a concomitant increase in SOD1 protein and activity in liver. Nano was effective in attenuating AT and liver injury in mice exhibiting a combination of NASH and AALD, partly via reduced CYP2E1-mediated ET metabolism in these organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased free fatty acid flux from adipose tissue (AT) to liver accompanied by oxidative stress promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol-associated liver injury (AALD). Obesity increases the severity of AALD. Using a two-hit model involving a high-fat diet and chronic ethanol feeding to mice, and treating them with nanoformulated superoxide dismutase (nanoSOD), we have shown that nanoSOD improves AT lipid storage, reduces CYP2E1 in AT and liver, and attenuates the combined NASH/AALD in mice.
Contrasting roles of Laves_Cr2Nb precipitates on the creep properties of novel CuCrNbZr alloys

Abstract To enhance the creep resistance at elevated temperatures, a new precipitation-strengthened CuCrNbZr alloy has been designed and fabricated to achieve a target microstructure with coarse Laves_Cr2Nb precipitates at grain boundaries and fine Cr-rich precipitates in the matrix. This work systematically studied the creep property of the CuCrNbZr alloy at 500 °C under 90–140 MPa applied stress and compared to that of a reference commercial CuCrZr alloy without Laves_Cr2Nb precipitates. Microstructures before and after creep testing were investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the creep testing and microstructural characterization results, the dominant creep mechanism in both alloys was grain boundary sliding with a threshold stress of ~80 MPa. The CuCrNbZr alloy has higher creep strength and higher creep fracture ductility, and longer creep life than the CuCrZr alloy. The improved creep property in the CuCrNbZr alloy was due to the presence of Laves_Cr2Nb precipitates that efficiently impede the crack propagation.
Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine-Cisplatin plus Radical Cystectomy-Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: a 12-year experience

Abstract Introduction To determine drug delivery/toxicity, and pathological/surgical outcomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients receiving neoadjuvant gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) plus radical cystectomy-pelvic lymph node dissection (RC-PLND). Patients and Methods Chemotherapy and surgical/pathologic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed with 5-year survival follow-up at a referral center. Post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) pathologic endpoints included complete response (pT0N0), residual non-MIBC (pTa/Tis/T1N0) and ≥MIBC (≥pT2 and/or N+). Associations of pathologic/surgical findings with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and surgical management with RC-PLND were analyzed (Cox regression). Results Clinical T2a-T4aN0M0 MIBC patients (154) from 1/2000-10/2012 received GC plus RC-PLND. Patients (117, 76%) received GCx4 and 136 (88%) GCx3. Five-year OS was 61% (95% CI 53-71). Median number of resected lymph nodes (LN) was 19. Down-staging was observed as follows: pT0N0: 21%; pTa/Tis/T1N0: 25%, with similar 5-yr OS (85% and 89%, respectively). Five-year OS for > pT2 residual disease was 87% (95% CI, 78%-98%) vs. 38% (95% CI, 27%-53%); p Conclusions Neoadjuvant GC achieves meaningful pathologic responses. Patients with ≥pT2 residual disease, positive margins, or positive LN post-chemotherapy have inferior survival.
Chapter 21 – Chemical Metallurgy of Copper Recycling

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the main strategies of copper recycling and their industrial practice in treating scrap. It focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. Copper scrap is smelted in primary and secondary smelters. Primary smelters mainly smelt concentrate but are well-adapted to smelting all grades of scrap. Smelters with isasmelt, Mitsubishi, Noranda, reverberatory, and top blown rotary converter smelting furnaces are particularly effective. Scrap is also recycled to the converters in primary smelters. The heat from the converter's exothermic iron and sulfur oxidation reactions are useful for melting scrap. Secondary scrap smelters use blast furnaces, top blown rotary converters, and electric furnaces for smelting low-copper grade scrap. The main smelting product is molten black copper, which is converted to rough copper, then fire refined, and cast into anodes. Secondary copper refining is similar to primary copper refining. Since the scrap might contain more impurities than concentrates, larger electrolyte purification and slime treatment facilities may be required. Scrap recycling slows the depletion rate of the Earth's copper resources. It also avoids energy expenditure in mining and milling. The chapter provides the flowsheet for secondary scrap smelting/refining.
Implementing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Outpatient Rehabilitation Settings: A Systematic Review of Facilitators and Barriers Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Abstract Objective This systematic review examines the facilitators and barriers to the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in outpatient rehabilitation settings and provides strategies to improve care to maximize patient outcomes. Data Sources Eleven databases were systematically searched from November 2018 to May 2019. Study Selection Two reviewers independently assessed articles based on the following inclusion criteria: English text, evaluate barriers and facilitators, include PROMs, and occur in an outpatient rehabilitation setting (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech language pathology, or athletic training). Of the 10,164 articles initially screened, 15 articles were included in this study. Data Extraction Data were extracted from the selected articles by 2 independent reviewers and put into an extraction template and into the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model. The Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was conducted on each study to assess study design, risk of bias, and reporting quality of the eligible studies. Data Synthesis Ten studies were identified as high quality, according to the AXIS. Based on the CFIR model, the top barriers identified focused on clinician training and time in the implementation process, lack of recognized value and knowledge at the individual level, lack of access and support in the inner setting, and inability of patients to complete PROMs in the intervention process. Facilitators were identified as education in the implementation process, support and availability of PROMs in the inner setting, and recognized value at the individual level. Conclusions More barriers than facilitators have been identified, which is consistent with PROM underuse. Clinicians and administrators should find opportunities to overcome the barriers identified and leverage the facilitators to improve routine PROM use and maximize patient outcomes.
Occupational injury and psychological distress among U.S. workers: The National Health Interview Survey, 2004-2016.

Abstract Introduction: Injuries at work may negatively influence mental health due to lost or reduced working hours and financial burden of treatment. Our objective was to investigate, in U.S. workers (a) the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) by injury status (occupational, non-occupational, and no injury) and injury characteristics, and (b) the association between injury status and SPD. Methods: Self-reported injuries within the previous three months were collected annually for 225,331 U.S. workers in the National Health Interview Survey (2004–2016). Psychological distress during the past 30 days was assessed using the Kessler 6 (K6) questions with Likert-type scale (0–4, total score range: 0–24). SPD was defined as K6 ≥ 13. Prevalence ratios (PR) from fitted logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between injury and SPD after controlling for covariates. Results: The prevalence of SPD was 4.74%, 3.58%, and 1.56% in workers reporting occupational injury (OI), non-occupational injury (NOI), and no injury, respectively. Workers with head and neck injury had the highest prevalence of SPD (Prevalence: OI = 7.71%, NOI = 6.17%), followed by workers with scrape/bruise/burn/bite (6.32% for those with OI). Workers reporting OI were two times more likely to have SPD compared to those without injury (PR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.62–2.96). However, there was no significant difference in SPD between workers with OI and workers with NOI (PR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.65–1.48). Conclusion: The prevalence of SPD varied by injury status with the highest being among workers reporting OI. We found that the workers reporting OI were significantly more likely to have SPD than those without injury, but not more than those with NOI. Practical Applications: Mental health management programs by employers are necessary for workers who are injured in the workplace.
Corrections to “An Active Learning Methodology for Efficient Estimation of Expensive Noisy Black-Box Functions Using Gaussian Process Regression”

In the above article [1] , errors related to symbols, equation numbers, and demonstration of Algorithm 2 were spotted. The corrections had no influence on the results, discussion, or conclusion of the article.
Timing of parenteral nutrition is associated with adequacy of nutrient delivery and anthropometry in critically ill children: A single-center study

BACKGROUND The optimal timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) use in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) is unclear. We aimed to describe patterns of PN use in the ICU and the association between the timing of PN initiation and macronutrient delivery and anthropometry. METHODS We enrolled patients (aged 3 days were started on PN in the ICU. Initiation within 48 hours of admission was deemed as early, and duration <5 days was deemed as short. We used multivariable analysis to examine the association between PN timing and macronutrient delivery adequacy (percentage of the prescribed target that was actually delivered) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) over hospital stay. RESULTS Ninety-five patients were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to initiate PN was 4 (1, 6) days, and in 33%, PN was initiated early. Median (IQR) PN duration was 8 (5, 14) days, and in 16.8%, duration was short. Median (IQR) adequacies for total energy and protein delivery were 55% (40, 74) and 72% (44, 81) in the early PN group compared with 29% (3, 50) and 31% (4, 47), respectively, in the late PN group (P < .001). The late PN group had a 0.50-unit greater decline in mean WAZ compared with the early PN group (95% CI, 0.11-0.89; P = .012). CONCLUSION Late PN initiation was associated with significantly lower adequacy of macronutrient delivery and greater decline in WAZ in critically ill children. The relationship between PN timing patient outcomes must be further examined.
Effect of Hepatitis C Donor Status on Heart Transplantation Outcomes in the United States

Purpose To evaluate the impact of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) donor status on the outcomes of patients undergoing heart transplant (HTx) in the U.S. Methods We analyzed a retrospective cohort of adult patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who underwent isolated HTx from January 2015 until March 2020. Primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year overall mortality. Secondary outcomes included risk for graft failure and overall survival during the available follow up period. All endpoints were evaluated according to donor positive or negative nucleic acid test (NAT) for HCV (HCV + and HCV- respectively). Results All-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality was similar between the two groups (3.4% vs 3.2%, p= 0.973 and 6.9% vs 7.8%, p= 0.769 respectively for patients receiving heart grafts from HCV+ vs. HCV- donors) (Figures A-B). Graft failure was 12.8% (95% CI: 8-19%) and 15.2% (95% CI: 15-16%) in the HCV+ and HCV- groups respectively (p=0.92 and p=0.68). Competing risk regression analysis for re-operation did not show any difference in the risk for re-transplantation in the HCV+ compared to HCV- group (HR: 2.71; 95% CI: 0.83-8.80, p=0.097). Conclusion HCV donor status does not seem to negatively affect the outcomes of HT in the U.S population. Yet, further investigations are required.
Could pharmacogenetics aid the prediction of nevirapine pharmacokinetics and allow individualized treatment

Tweetable abstract The large interindividual variability in nevirapine pharmacokinetics and clinical effects that remains unexplained by pharmacogenetic prediction is a major limitation for individualized nevirapine treatment.
Architecture of an Intelligent Personal Health Library for Improved Health Outcomes

Personal health libraries (PHL) are increasingly becoming the mainstay as a single point for patient centered health information management and services. However, the transition to a solely PHL based health information management (HIM) will, at the very least, take a very long time. It is more likely therefore to co-evolve with our current systems for HIMs. In this emerging scenario, the traditional obstacles of data integration among autonomous HIMs face novel challenges. Additionally, the goal to make PHLs responsive to open-ended and personalized health information needs adds unknown wrinkles to current challenges. In this paper, we propose a new architecture, and a knowledge-based information retrieval and processing model for PHLs. We show that by using a declarative data integration language, a knowledge representation scheme and knowledge graph induction technique from health information texts, we are able to respond to patient queries in unprecedented ways in the context of their PHLs.
Δ1-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the Δ' -tetrahydrocannabinol ( Δ' -THC) and luteinizing hormone secretion. There is increasing evidence that the chronic administration of Δ' -THC produces central nervous effects somewhat different from those associated with acute treatment and further that the central effects of this agent may be because of hydroxylated metabolites. Thus it may be desirable in the future to compare the chronic effects of Δ' -THC and its metabolites with those of single doses upon endocrine regulation to appreciate the full endocrine consequences of exposure to marijuana. Despite the widespread use of marijuana, and some popular anecdotal reports of disturbances in menstrual cycling associated with the use of marijuana, there are no quantitative studies of the effect of this agent upon gonadotrophin secretion. Another possible mechanism of Δ' -THC effect that is to examine is the interaction with agents that act upon muscarinic receptors.