cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repetition and difference: a proof of sorts

In an homage to Spinoza’s geometrical method the writer attempts to wed this form of writing/thinking with one of poetic vitality and, following one of the piece’s themes, tries to break out of the constraints of a repetitive, obsessional style through, and into, an expressive, poetic associative flow. The writer draws on the ideas of Freud, Bion, and Sartre as well as seemingly mundane earthly phenomena to illustrate the processes and feeling the piece grapples with.
13.15 – Cardiotoxicity and HIV/AIDS Therapy☆

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global epidemic that continues to escalate. Recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates include over 33 million people currently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Twenty million HIV-infected individuals died over the past quarter century. Antiretrovirals, particularly nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), changed HIV/AIDS from a fatal disease to a chronic illness. Cardiomyopathy (CM) is a bona fide HIV/AIDS comorbidity. It may result from individual or combined effects of the HIV per se, immune reactions to it, or from toxicities of NRTIs. Clinical observations, in vitro and in vivo evidence, suggest various mechanisms of CM are centered around NRTI toxicity to mitochondria. This review highlights some of the hypotheses and data that support those hypotheses that focus on cardiotoxicity of NRTIs and on mitochondrial-associated pathways of NRTI toxicity in CM.
Persistent Elevation of Electrical Pain Threshold following Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation over Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Humans

ABSTRACT Background Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is involved in pain processing and thus its suppression using neuromodulatory techniques such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) might be a potential pain management strategy in patients with neuropathic pain. S1 cTBS is known to elevate pain threshold in young adults. However, the persistence of this effect is unknown. Objective/Hypothesis We hypothesized persistent elevation of pain threshold following cTBS over S1 in healthy, young adults. Methods We recruited ten subjects in a sham-controlled crossover design and recorded their electrical pain threshold (EPT) for 40 min following cTBS over S1. We assessed corticospinal excitability (CSE) to rule out the involvement of primary motor cortex due to spread of current. Results cTBS over S1 elevated EPT without modulating CSE compared to sham stimulation. EPT was elevated for 40 min post-cTBS. Conclusions S1 can be focally targeted using cTBS for a longer lasting pain relief in patients.
Black hole interiors via spin models

To model the interior of a black hole, a study is made of a spin system with long-range random four-spin couplings that exhibits quantum chaos. The black hole limit corresponds to a system where the microstates are approximately degenerate and equally likely, corresponding to the high temperature limit of the spin system. At the leading level of approximation, reconstruction of bulk physics implies that local probes of the black hole should exhibit free propagation and unitary local evolution. We test the conjecture that a particular mean field Hamiltonian provides such a local bulk Hamiltonian by numerically solving the exact Schrodinger equation and comparing the time evolution to the approximate mean field time values. We find excellent agreement between the two time evolutions for timescales smaller than the scrambling time. In earlier work, it was shown bulk evolution along comparable timeslices is spoiled by the presence of the curvature singularity, thus the matching found in the present work provides evidence of the success of this approach to interior holography. The numerical solutions also provide a useful testing ground for various measures of quantum chaos and global scrambling. A number of different observables, such as entanglement entropy, out-of-time-order correlators, and trace distance are used to study these effects. This leads to a suitable definition of scrambling time, and evidence is presented showing a logarithmic variation with the system size.
Community energy by design: A simulation-based design workflow using measured data clustering to calibrate Urban Building Energy Models (UBEMs):

This paper presents a workflow that informs urban design decisions using measured data clustering to calibrate urban building energy models. The method’s goal is to support urban design in terms of...
Visual Ecology: Now You See, Now You Don't.

Summary During the day, the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii demonstrates spatial vision due to a distributed network of extraocular photoreceptors whose fields of view are restricted by chromatophores. At night, these chromatophores contract and O. wendtii loses spatial vision.
The Effect of Bladder Catheterization on Ambulation and Venous Thromboembolism Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Institutional Analysis.

Abstract Background Although intermittent catheters are immediately removed, indwelling catheterization may lead to decreased ambulation and participation in physical therapy, critical components to post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) management. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of catheterization treatments on (1) postoperative ambulation distances, (2) deep vein thromboses (DVTs), and (3) pulmonary emboli (PEs) following TKA. Methods A total of 9123 prospectively collected primary TKA patients were assessed based on postoperative catheter status. Patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Indices, body mass indices, DVT prophylaxes, first ambulation distances, DVTs, and PEs were collected at approximately mean 12 months of follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with independent t-tests and multiple linear regression models in order to compare catheterization techniques. Results There were 1193 patients who had urinary retention and treated with either indwelling only (62%, n = 734), both indwelling and intermittent catheterizations (13%, n = 160), or intermittent only (25%, n = 299). Multivariate analyses found that indwelling catheter-only use had an 11% decrease in ambulation distance (P Conclusion This study showed that the use of an indwelling catheter for treatment of urinary retention significantly decreased TKA patient ambulation distance and subsequently increased the risk for DVTs. This information is important as we would recommend the treatment with intermittent catheterization rather than indwelling catheters to decrease the risk of immobilization and postoperative DVTs.
Polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber column as the second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional RP × RP analysis of a mixture of intact proteins

Online, comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has become an attractive option for the analysis of complex samples of relevance in various fields (e.g., environmental, food, biology, and polymer sciences). In general, the second-dimension (2D) separation plays a more crucial role than the first (1D) in the total performance of LC × LC systems. Speed and efficiency of the 2D separation are of primary importance. These challenges are amplified in the case of protein separations where mass transfer limitations effect elution kinetics. The research presented here leverages the developments of capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber stationary phases directed at high-throughput and rapid protein separations, evaluating them as 2D material in comprehensive reversed-phase × reversed-phase (RP × RP) 2D-LC versus conventional, packed-bed columns as 2D. The ability to operate fiber columns at high linear velocities (> 75 mm s−1 at < 1000 psi) without sacrifice in resolution is the first step towards potential 2D implementation, alleviating the need for ultrahigh-pressure pumping (i.e., UHPLC) in that stage. What must be realized are fast elution gradients and rapid re-equilibration to minimize cycling times (modulation periods). Different flow rates and gradient programs were evaluated. Rapid elution allows the use of shorter shift-gradient windows. At the optimized gradient recycling time on this instrument, 36 s, there is no significant degradation in peak capacity. Finally, a graphic comparison of the separation efficiency between seven commercial reversed-phase columns and the polypropylene C-CP fiber column is presented for a synthetic, eleven-protein mixture using the recommended operating conditions for each of the 2D columns. The kinetic advantages of the fiber columns are clearly demonstrated.
An Effective Coherent Noise Jamming Method for Deception of Wideband LFM Radars

Linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform is widely used in modern tracking radars for high resolution. Self-protection jamming systems are designed to deceive the targeted radar by generating false targets in range. The proposed jamming technique the jamming signal is acquired by dividing the intercepted radar signal into several equal chunks by bandwidth division, and then finds optimal retransmission order. After dividing the radar signal into multiple chunks, we impose phase modulation on intercepted radar signal. The resultant jamming signal is coherent with the matched filter, and provides considerable processing gain to the jamming signal which generates false target peaks. The jamming signal enhances the detection threshold as the real target is surrounded by false target in non-symmetrical order. The characteristics of bandwidth division and phase modulation are analyzed in detail and then the jamming signal model is presented. Simulation results are presented to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the jamming method. Comparing with the conventional coherent noise jamming, the proposed jamming signal model is capable of generating a greater number of false targets after CFAR detection. The jamming effect to the hostile radar is analyzed at the plan position indicator (PPI) of radar which generates track of multiple false targets after passing through radar signal processing module.
Terrestrial digital video broadcasting for mobile reception using OFDM

Performance of a system design for digital video broadcasting is examined with emphasis on mobile reception. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to achieve good bandwidth efficiency and to mitigate the intersymbol interference resulting from the channel delay spread. The resulting equivalent channel including OFDM can be modeled as a flat Rayleigh fading channel plus an interchannel interference (ICI) term due to the channel Doppler spread. This ICI term is analyzed and shown to result in an error floor. Performance improvements due to antenna diversity and trellis-coded modulation (TCM) are given. Finally, multiresolution modulation is discussed as a means of achieving graceful degradation and giving degrees of freedom for further performance improvement.
Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing.

This prognostic study compares the diagnostic equivalence of patient-collected lower nasal specimens with that of health care worker–collected oropharyngeal specimens for sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing.
Du stylet des tempes à la langue dans le soi-disant bouquet de Riolan

Resume Le muscle styloglosse est un repere clef du stade d’evolution et de la chirurgie de certains cancers epidermoides de l’oropharynx. Le but de cette notice historique est d’essayer de savoir a quel moment le muscle styloglosse a ete decrit et de comprendre son integration dans le soi-disant bouquet de Riolan.
A Comparison of the Perceived Hearing Difficulties of Community and Clinical Samples of Older Adults.

Purpose This study aimed to compare the perceived hearing difficulties of a community sample of older adults to two clinical samples of older adults, one with no hearing aid experience and the othe...
Bovine Abortion Due to a Neospora-like Protozoan

A protozoan closely related to Neospora caninum, which until more fully characterized is usually referred to as a Neospora-like protozoan, was recently demonstrated to be the most common cause of abortion in dairy breed bovine fetuses submitted to the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (SDADRDL).10 The purpose of this report is to briefly review Neospora-like protozoan as a cause of bovine abortion and to discuss the cases submitted to the SDADRDL.
Products Liability Harmonization: A Uniform Standard

Among industrialized nations, the United States is unique in addressing tort law at the state rather than the national level. For example, Australia and Canada, which share a common-law heritage with the United States, have federal tort systems. The United States approach may be appropriate in some tort settings, such as in the premises liability or motor vehicle accident context (not involving a claim of products liability), where the state rule’s impact remains within that state’s geographical boundaries. Unlike the simple 'fender-bender', which occurs within the borders of one state, the typical product is manufactured and marketed nationally or internationally. Therefore, several factors suggest that uniform federal treatment of product liability laws may be a more desirable means of regulation.
Un cas de tularémie de forme pulmonaire

Devant une fievre depuis 10 jours sans point d’appel clinique mais avec un point d’appel a l’imagerie thoracique, un patient de 42 ans, non-fumeur, sans antecedent, est hospitalise en pneumologie. Le scanner thoracique trouve un nodule pulmonaire suspect du lobe superieur gauche, une masse ganglio-tumorale hilaire gauche, des adenopathies mediastinales et un epanchement pleural gauche de faible abondance. Le patient recoit 8 jours d’amoxicilline. Les 2 fibroscopies bronchiques trouvent une infiltration suspecte mais avec absence de cellule tumorale et de bacterie aux biopsies et lavages bronchiques. La fievre disparait. Au PET-scanner : fixation pathologique des lesions decrites ci-dessus. La fievre reapparait 2 semaines plus tard. Les serologies : VIH, hepatites A, B, C, toxoplasmose, Bartonella , fievre Q, Chlamydia , ne sont pas en faveur d’une infection recente a ces organismes. Une echo-endoscopie est prevue mais la reception de la serologie tularemie passant de 200 a 800 UI/mL d’IgG en 20 j (seuil > 100 UI/mL) affirme le diagnostic de tularemie. Il s’agissait en effet d’un patient chasseur, manipulant frequemment le gibier. Il recoit 15 jours de doxycylcine. La fievre disparait et les images thoraciques diminuent. Conclusion Tularemie de forme pulmonaire se manifestant par une image thoracique pseudo-tumorale. De bonne evolution sous antibiotherapie adaptee. Cette affection rare peut mimer une pathologie tumorale et mener a des explorations invasives inutiles.
2-Chlorophenyl Phosphorodichloridothioate

2-Chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridothioate product: 2-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridothioate Keywords: phosphonation; reduction, CO2R CH2OH
The role of queue length information in congestion control and resource pricing

We consider a single-user congestion problem with a packet loss constraint viewed as a stochastic control problem. Using a precise nonlinear model of the queue with a time-varying Markovian service rate, we show that the optimal controller is a bang-bang type solution. Additionally, we show that a stochastic problem with a quality of service (QoS) constraint can also be viewed as an unconstrained stochastic problem where the user is forced to pay a price for QoS violations.
Phosphorylation of Sites 3a and 3b (Ser640 and Ser644) in the Control of Rabbit Muscle Glycogen Synthase

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivates rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by sequential phosphorylation of four COOH-terminal residues Ser652 (site 4), Ser648 (site 3c), Ser644 (site 3b), and Ser640 (site 3a). Effective recognition of glycogen synthase by glycogen synthase kinase-3 occurs only after the phosphorylation of Ser656 (site 5) catalyzed by casein kinase II. The present study addresses specifically the role of sites 3a and 3b in the regulation of glycogen synthase expressed in COS cells. Simultaneous Ser-->Ala substitutions at sites 3 a, b and c, 4, and 5 in the same protein molecule eliminated 32P labeling in the proteolytic fragment Arg634-Lys682, which contains these sites. This mutant enzyme (which also had a Ser-->Ala substitution at site 2 in the NH2 terminus) had a -/+ glucose-6-P activity ratio of approximately 0.8, similar to that of totally dephosphorylated enzyme. Reinstating serine residues at either site 3a or site 3b restored labeling in the Arg634-Lys682 peptide and caused a decrease in the activity ratio to 0.4-0.6. When both sites 3a and 3b were reintroduced, there was complete inactivation of the enzyme. Thus, sites 3a and 3b are sufficient for the inactivation of glycogen synthase and act synergistically to control activity. This investigation demonstrates the existence of an alternate mechanism for the phosphorylation of sites 3a and 3b that does not depend on prior phosphorylation of site 5.
Economic sanctions and the success of foreign policy goals

Abstract Focusing on case studies of export, import, and capital controls imposed in the twentieth century, Hufbauer and Schott (1985) conclude that economic sanctions do not contribute very much to the achievement of foreign policy goals, except in several situations involving small target countries and modest policy goals. I find that their conclusions are sensitive to and unduly biased by the methodology adopted. Using a Probit model and after correcting for some inherent problems in the original ordinary least squares model, I find evidence that import controls have some leverage, and reject the hypothesis that the sanctions and their consequences jointly have no impact on foreign policy goals. I conclude that further empirical work is required before pronouncements on the effectiveness of economic sanctions can be made.
Same-Sex Domestic Violence and the Law: Claiming a Domestic Sphere and Risking Negative Stereotypes

Same-sex domestic violence is a difficult topic. The LGBT communities have been reluctant to discuss same-sex domestic violence for fear of validating negative stereotypes and detracting from the push for legal recognition of such relationships. The relative silence on this issue continues despite the fact that individuals in same-sex relationships are more likely to be abused by their partners than beaten in an act of anti-gay violence. and despite legislative efforts to restrict domestic violence laws to cover only opposite-sex couples. The political downside of discussing same-sex domestic violence is obvious. Anti-gay organizations invoke same-sex domestic violence to bolster their assertions that homosexuality is a dangerous lifestyle and that same-sex relationships are unhealthy, unstable, and violent. Thus, the acknowledgement of such violence can destabilize the emerging positive image of same-sex relationships promoted in connection with the on-going legal struggle for equal marriage rights. Same-sex domestic violence also challenges our highly gendered (and heteronormative) understanding of domestic violence because it cannot be explained by reference to gender difference, the historical subjugation of women, or the private nature of family violence. To claim domestic violence protections, lesbian and gay advocates must first argue for something that feminists have identified as a situs of oppression - a private sphere of family life. Part I outlines the statistics on same-sex domestic violence and discusses how such violence threatens the emerging positive model of same-sex relationships, as well as the prevailing gendered (and heteronormative) paradigm of domestic violence. Part II summarizes the application of domestic violence protections to same-sex relationships and the efforts of state legislators to restrict such protections to opposite-sex couples. Part III concludes that even where domestic violence protections include same-sex couples, there remain serious obstacles, such as internalized homophobia and perceived homophobia on the part of the police, the judiciary, social service workers, and even domestic violence advocates.
A NEW LOSS FUNCTION FOR THE SELECTION OF PRODUCER SPECIFICATION LIMITS

This paper presents a new approach to deteIlDining economical values for manufacturer lower and upper specification limits using a newly derived hybrid function for expected cost. The identification and use of specification limits are essential in protecting the producer from shipping defective products that pass unnoticed due to measurement error. This cost function is composed of four parts: a generic Taguchi loss function a function for rework cost, a function for scrap cost, and a function that describes a variance to cost tradeoff. The expected cost function does not assume the process mean to be equal to the target value of the process nor is it restricted to being symmetrical. The cost function is implemented among different production systems and optimal values of manufacturer lower and upper specification limits are determined for each system.
Strategic dynamic interaction

Abstract The motivation for this paper is fishing legislation that divides a fishery into regions, each of which is exploited by a single firm. As the regions have common borders, an analysis based on models with one firm and one region would lead to erroneous results. An alternative motivation is the problem of a fishery with several interacting species, each exploited by a single firm. In this paper we assume that fish move between regions. Therefore, the stock in one region depends not only on previous stock and catch in the region, but also on the stock and catch in neighboring regions. In the multiple species interpretation, these movements correspond to the interactions between species. We use a multisectoral differential duopoly model in order to capture the strategic interactions of the firms over time. The model is solved for an example in which varying levels of dependence between regions can be compared.
K Absorption Edge Magnetic Circular-X-Ray Dichroism of Fe-Ni Alloys

We report Magnetic Circular X-ray Dichroism (MCXD) measurements in Fe-Ni alloys. We used an energy dispersive beamline in our measurements. A polychromator spectrum contains self reference both in intensity and energy since all energies are measured at the same time and remain stable during an energy scan since no movement of the X-ray optics is necessary. We measured the K absorption edges in Fe and Ni (s - p electronic states) in the d ferromagnetic alloys of Fe-Ni. We observe that the signal at the invar composition is of comparable strengh as other compositions in contrast to previous studies. We used cold rolled (disordered) foils instead of powders. The measurements reveal changes of the MCXD signal with composition and crystal structure.
Embedding bounded bandwidth graphs into ℓ 1

We introduce the first embedding of graphs of low bandwidth into l1, with distortion depending only upon the bandwidth. We extend this result to a new graph parameter called tree-bandwidth, which is very similar to (but more restrictive than) treewidth. This represents the first constant distortion embedding of a non-planar class of graphs into l1. Our results make use of a new technique that we call iterative embedding in which we define coordinates for a small number of points at a time.
XPS identification of the chemical state of subsurface oxygen in the {O}/{Pd(110) } system

Abstract Adsorbed oxygen at room temperatures exists on Pd(110) in two states, a surface state ( β 2 ) and a more weakly bound state ( β 1 ), previously designated as “subsurface” oxygen. The “subsurface” state was postulated as responsible for the oscillations in the kinetics of catalytic CO oxidation observed on this surface. However, previous studies have cast doubt on this explanation. We have investigated the interaction of oxygen on Pd(110) by temperature programmed desorption (TPD), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS combines conventional UHV with in-situ surface analysis in controlled atmospheres of up to 1 mbar. UPS work function measurements show a decrease with oxygen adsorption, coinciding with β 1 formation observed in TPD as reported previously. XPS measurements of the Pd 3 d 5 2 line show only oxyg induced surface core-level shifts (SCLS) for oxygen exposures as high as 22 800 L ( p o 2 = 1.0 × 10 −4 mbar and T = 400 K). surface-sensitive XPS measurements and TPD for higher oxygen exposures ( p o 2 = 4.0 × 10 −2 mbar for 20 min at T = 400 K) s oxide formation coinciding with a corresponding high increase in β 1 formation. These results for oxygen pressures and temperatures in the oscillation regime, suggest that the oscillatory behavior on this surface may be due to an oxidation and reduction mechanism.
On the Choice of Liquidity Horizon for Incremental Risk Charges: Are the Incentives of Banks and Regulators Aligned?

The recent incremental risk to the Basel market risk requires banks to estimate, separately, the default and migration risk of their trading portfolios that are exposed to credit risk. The regulation requires the total regulatory charges for trading books to be computed as the sum of the market risk capital and the incremental risk charge for credit risk. In the calculation of incremental risk charges a key component is the choice of the liquidity horizon for traded credits. In this paper we explore the effect of the liquidity horizon on the incremental risk charge and in particular validate that the framework for assigning liquidity horizons proposed by regulation is consistent with bank's motivation to conserve the regulatory capital requirement. We consider a stylized portfolio of 28 bonds with different ratings and liquidity horizons to evaluate the impact of the choice of the liquidity horizon for a certain rating class of credits. We find that choosing the liquidity horizon for a particular credit there are two important effects that need to be considered. The first effect is the bonds with short liquidity horizons can avoid further downgrading by frequently trading to a bond of the same initial quality. The second effect is the possibility of multiple defaults. Our findings are also supported by empirical result of credit spread term structure. Therefore, the liquidity horizon specification in the incremental risk charge requirement from Basel committee is consistent with the market reality, banks' incentive in capital requirement conservation and consequently alleviates the concerns in IRC model validation.
STAR: a CASE tool for requirement engineering

Requirement analysis is one of the most critical and time-consuming steps in the software development process. Requirements are usually vague and imprecise in nature. They often conflict with each other and many conflicts are implicit and difficult to identify. Moreover accessing the customer's trade-off preferences among the conflicting requirements is challenging. A CASE tool that assists the software developer in identifying conflicting requirements and in analyzing trade-off relationship can be useful. In this paper we introduce a tool for the Specification, the Trade-off and the Analysis for the Requirements (STAR). We briefly describe the formal foundation for STAR, which uses fuzzy logic to specify imprecise requirements. STAR has a set of heuristics for inferring cooperative and conflicting relationships between requirements. Once the conflicting requirements are identified, STAR supports a systemic approach for assessing the relative priority between conflicting requirements.
Role of carbon dioxide in germination of spores of Streptomyces viridochromogenes.

CO2 in required continuously during germination of Streptomyces viridochromogenes spores. Spores incubated in a defined germination medium in the absence of CO2 remain phase bright and do not release spore carbon. In the presence of CO2, the spores initiate germination accompanied by loss of refractility and spore carbon. The CO2 requirement is replaced by oxaloacetate or a mixture of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates. Labeled CO2 is taken up by germinating spores, and is incorporated into protein and RNA. TCA cycle intermediates and related amino acids contain most of the acid-soluble label following short term exposures of germinating spores to 14CO2. TCA cycle inhibitors repress germination and 14CO2 uptake whereas folic acid antagonists do not. The results indicate that CO2 is incorporated into oxaloacetate which is converted to biosynthetic intermediates required for germination. Operation of the TCA cycle appears to be essential for spore germination. The conclusion is reached that CO2 is required during germination in order to maintain the cycle by an anaplerotic reaction.
Population growth kinetics of Tetrahymena pyriformis exposed to selected pyridines

Summary Alterations in growth kinetics of populations of the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis due to exposure to six specific pyridines were investigated. Selected pyridines varied in mode of toxic action and hydrophobicity (quantified by the logarithm of the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient, log Kow). Three pyridines containing lower hydrophobicity (log Kow ≈ 0.5) and higher hydrophobicity (log Kow ≈ 1.3) were tested. Within each hydrophobicity group were representative pyridines of both non-covalent (neutral narcotics and other narcotics) and covalent modes of toxic action. Growth kinetic trends were compared and contrasted, both between and within modes of toxic action. Pyridine and 3-chloropyridine exposed populations inhibited by 32% or 50%, respectively, exhibited doubling times significantly longer than control populations. The growth kinetic trends were hydrophobicity-dependent, as established by an increased lag phase in the more hydrophobic 3-chloropyridine. The hydroxylated pyridines demonstrated similar growth kinetics independent of hydrophobicity, but distinct from the neutral narcotic pyridines. No lag phase existed and a concentration-dependent decrease in generation time occurred. This distinction suggests that hydroxylated pyridines elicit toxicity via a unique mechanism of toxic action from baseline narcotics within the non-covalent mode of action. T. pyriformis populations exposed to the nitro derivatives exhibited different trends. Two-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine displayed concentration-dependent mortality of the initial population over the first 4 h of exposure. Remaining cells then commenced growth with generation times similar to control populations. The growth kinetic trends of 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine were a hybrid between those observed for the reactive dinitro derivative and the neutral narcotics. Thus, growth kinetic trends with the covalent mode of action may be mechanism specific as well.
Randomized clinical trial of efficacy of self-monitoring techniques to treat urinary incontinence in women.

Aim To assess the efficacy of self-monitoring techniques to reduce urine loss and increase quality of life for women with urinary incontinence. Methods The design was a two arm, randomized, clinical trial with a wait list control group and 3-week intervention. Participants were 224 community-dwelling women 18 and older with UI. Self-monitoring was individualized counseling about fluid and caffeine intake, quick pelvic floor muscle contraction, voiding frequency, and management of constipation. The primary outcome measure was grams of urine loss. Secondary outcomes included episodes of urine loss, quality of life, and caffeine and fluid consumption. Results The main effect of self-monitoring on grams of urine loss was significant. After adjusting for baseline urine loss, time in the intervention or in wait list group, age, hormone status, and race the self- monitoring group lost an average of 13.3 g less urine and had improved 26.1 points in quality of life compared to the wait list group. The effect of self-monitoring on episodes of urine loss was not significant in the total sample but was more effective for women who had 9 or more episodes of urine loss, were 65 years or older, and were premenopausal or taking hormone replacement therapy. Participants in the self-monitoring group reduced their caffeine intake, but did not increase their fluid intake compared to the wait list control group. Conclusions Since self-monitoring techniques are simple, safe, inexpensive, and within the scope of practice for most health professionals, they should be considered as first steps to treat women with UI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:507–511, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tungus Event Revisited

Reference is made to the Tungus Event of 1908 and to the suggestion of Jackson and Ryan (Nature 245: 88 (1973)) that a mini'' black hole was responsible for it. It is pointed out, however, that such a small hypothetical object cannot account for all the phenomena known to accompany the event. On the night of the Tungnska fall, and for several subsequent nights, the Tungus and adjacent regions experienced abnormally bright skies, and the whole of the northern hemisphere experienced anomalous extinction of atmospheric light subsequent to the fall. The soil samples in the Tungus area contained numerous small magnetic globules with high Ni content, but although this affirms that the globules were of extraterrestrial origin, it does not necessarily mean that they originated from the Tungus Event. Most soil samples collected at random over the globe contain similar cosmic dust. In addltion to the magnetic globules iused silicate-magnetite globules were found in the area near the Tunguska epicentre; this type of cosmic remnant has not been found elsewhere in the world. The data support the hypothesis that the Tunguska Event was caused by a comet with a head composed of Fe and silicate fragments cemented together by frozenmore » volatiles, and on contact with the earth's atmosphere the comet exploded, scattering dust and fragments and leaving no significant crater. It seems that the comet hypothesis is more likely than the black hole hypothesis; the possibility is not excluded, however, that a black hole may have comprised the nucleus of the comet. (UK)« less
Experimental demonstration of polarization-assisted transverse and axial optical superresolution

A technique has recently been proposed for generating a focused optical beam with focal spot dimensions that are smaller than those of conventional Gaussian beams, in both the axial and transverse directions. The technique is based on superposing two Gaussian beams of orthogonal polarizations with slightly offset foci. As a result of the differential Gouy phase, a λ/2 retardation is introduced, thereby creating a polarization component with a superresolved focal volume. This polarization-assisted axial and transverse superresolution effect is experimentally demonstrated here. In agreement with theory, a focal spot-size reduction of more than 30% is observed in both the axial and transverse directions.
Frequency dependent α2-adrenoceptor mediated modulation of excitatory junction potentials in guinea-pig mesenteric artery

Abstract Excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) elicited with brief duration (10 s) electrical field stimulation of guinea-pig mesenteric arteries were nearly abolished at all frequencies by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS, 30 μM) but persisted following reserpinization. Suramin (100 μM) enhanced EJPs at 0.2–0.5 Hz responses and reduced them at 2–32 Hz. Phentolamine (1 μM) and yohimbine (0.1 μM) enhanced EJPs at 0.2–8 Hz but not at 16–32 Hz. Oxymetazoline (0.3 μM) reduced EJPs at 0.2–0.5 Hz but not at 1–32 Hz. Following reserpinization, EJPs were enhanced at 0.2–2 Hz but not at 4–32 Hz. Clonidine (0.1 μM) was without effect at all frequencies in control arteries but reduced EJPs at 0.2–2 Hz in reserpine-treated arteries. In conclusion, pre-junctional α2-adrenoceptors modulate ATP release during low frequency, brief duration sympathetic nerve stimulation.
The effective action and the renormalization group equation in curved space-time

Abstract It is shown how the scaling behaviour of interacting quantum field theory in curved space-time may be obtained from the effective action using the background-field method. The behaviour of a non-abelian gauge theory with fermions is studied in the high curvature limit.
Reliable sensor deployment for network traffic surveillance

New sensor technologies enable synthesis of disaggregated vehicle information from multiple locations. This paper proposes a reliable facility location model to optimize traffic surveillance benefit from synthesized sensor pairs (e.g., for travel time estimation) in addition to individual sensor flow coverage (e.g., for traffic volume statistics), while considering probabilistic sensor failures. Customized greedy and Lagrangian relaxation algorithms are proposed to solve this problem, and their performance is discussed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms solve the problem efficiently. We also discuss managerial insights on how optimal sensor deployment and surveillance benefits vary with surveillance objective and system parameters (such as sensor failure probabilities).
Effect of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products on pulmonary function in group B streptococcal sepsis.

ABSTRACT. The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and the leukotriene receptor antagonist, FPL 57231, on changes in dynamic lung compliance and pulmonary resistance associated with a 1-h infusion of live group B streptococci were evaluated in mechanically ventilated piglets. To define mediators of early changes in lung function, animals were given an infusion of either FPL 57231 or indomethacin beginning 15 min after the infusion of group B streptococci was begun. These groups were compared to an untreated group who received only group B streptococci. Within 15 min of starting the bacterial infusion, all groups showed significant increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, total pulmonary resistance, transpulmonary pressure, and thromboxane B2, and decreases in tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance, and PaO2. After treatment with indomethacin there were significant decreases in pulmonary artery pressure (mean ± SEM; 48 ± 1 to 22 ± 3 mm Hg, p < 0.001), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (7.5 ± 1.3 to 2.2 ± 0.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and thromboxane B2 (6.51 ± 1.56 to 1.01 ± 0.27 ng/ml, p < 0.01) and an increase in dynamic lung compliance (1.10 ± 0.10 to 1.28 ± 0.14 ml/cm H2O/kg, p < 0.01) over the study period. Total pulmonary resistance decreased significantly (18.7 ± 1.8 to 15.7 ± 1.5 cm H2O/liter/s, p < 0.02) only at 60 min. In animals treated with FPL 57231 only pulmonary artery pressure (46 ± 3 to 30 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (7.5 ± 0.8 to 4.0 ± 0.9 mm Hg, p < 0.01) decreased. These data suggest that cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism play a role in the early changes in pulmonary mechanics in group B streptococci sepsis.
Abusive head trauma: a case study.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) has greater mortality and morbidity than any other form of physical abuse. Therefore, early recognition and accurate diagnosis are essential for comprehensive investigation and appropriate treatment of infants who present with this devastating traumatic injury. Advanced practice nurses need to have a thorough understanding of AHT in order to promptly and accurately assess and manage these infants. Using a case-based approach, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of AHT are described. This article also discusses AHT prevention and implications for advanced practice nurses caring for these patients. Language: en
Brain imaging: applications in psychiatry

Various brain imaging techniques have become available in the past decade. These include techniques to evaluate brain structure, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and techniques to assess functional activity, such as measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, single photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. These techniques can be used to map brain structure and function in normal human beings, and they have enlarged our knowledge of the pathophysiology of mental illnesses by demonstrating structural, metabolic, and neurochemical abnormalities in a wide range of mental disorders.
Using constant base current as a boundary condition for one-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor simulation

Using constant base current as a boundary condition, a one-dimensional numerical simulation technique based on the conventional transport equations was developed. Transistor current-voltage curves with base current density as the variable parameter, similar to the experimental data taken from a curve tracer, are obtained. The simulation also produces transistor characteristics, especially base modulation effects, that cannot be obtained easily by using constant base voltage as a boundary condition.
An I‐O Study of the Economic Structure of Appalachian Kentucky

The economic problems of Appalachian Kentucky are closely linked to the problems of the coal industry. The boom-and-bust cycles of the coal industry influence poverty, unemployment, out-migration, and capital flight from the area. For over a decade, national economic policy has been to develop a diversified economy in Appalachia capable of supporting the population with increased employment opportunities and rising real incomes. Increases in the export demand for coal should stimulate Appalachia's economic growth. In this paper, the impact of the demand for coal on the 18 coal-producing counties in Appalachian Kentucky are discussed, and the implications for dependence on a single extractive export industry are identified. A regional input-output (I-O) model was constructed in order to provide insight into the flow of goods and services within the regional economy as well as into output, income, and employment effects of the existing industry. In order to investigate the alternative growth patterns of the region, the model projects economic data for the regional economy to the year 1990 under alternative assumptions about coal-industry growth. 16 references, 1 figure, 5 tables.
Pesticide adsorptivity of aged particulate matter arising from crop residue burns.

Particulates (ashes) arising from the burning of crop residues are potentially effective adsorbents for pesticides in agricultural soils. To determine the long-term adsorptive sustainability of ashes, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ash was aged under environmentally relevant conditions (in CaCl2 solution at room temperature and pH 7) in soil extract for 1 month and in a soil (1% ash) for a period of up to 12 months. The aged ash and ash-amended soil were used to sorb diuron from water. The diuron sorption was also measured in the presence of atrazine as a competing pesticide. There was no observed microbial impact on the stability of the wheat ash in soil. All isotherms with the ash were nonlinear type-I curves, suggestive of the surface adsorption. On a unit mass basis, the ash in soil extract was 600-10000 times more effective than the soil in sorbing diuron. Adsorption of dissolved soil organic matter (DOM) during aging on the ash surfaces reduced the diuron adsorption by 5060%. Surface competition from the atrazine adsorption also reduced the ash adsorption of diuron by 10-30%. A total of 55-67% reduction in diuron sorption by the ash-amended soil was observed. Due to its high initial adsorptivity, the ash fraction of the aged ash-amended soil contributed >50% to the total diuron sorption. Thus, the wheat ash aged in the soil remained highly effective in adsorbing diuron. As crop residues are frequently burned in the field, pesticides in agricultural soils may be highly immobilized due to the presence of ashes.
Prognostic parameters in early stage Hodgkin's disease

Abstract This report is a retrospective study of 101 patients referred with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, all of whom had a staging laporotomy and were treated initially with radiation therapy alone. The results of treatment are analyzed in terms of the relapse rate and 5-year actuarial survival by the following prognostic factors identified from the literature: age, stage, the presence or absence of systemic symptoms, histology, splenic involvement and intrathoracic involvement. There was a significant difference in the relapse rates and survival rates between those patients without the poor prognostic factors and those with one, or more than one.
A Moisture Budget Analysis of the Protracted Heat Wave in the Southern Plains during the Summer of 1980

Abstract Extreme heat and drought plagued much of the south central United States during the summer of 1980 in response to a quasi-stationary persistent anticyclone aloft. Numerous weather reporting stations in the Southern Plains experienced a dewpoint temperature decrease of about 1°C per week from late June to late July in response to the intense heat. In this paper evaporation is computed as a residual from the large-scale moisture budget based upon the observed twice daily radiosonde data. From 1 June to 31 August 1980 the average daily evaporation amounted to 8 mm for a 4 × 105 km2 region centered over Oklahoma. On individual days the evaporation was as high as 10–15 mm. Strong diurnal variations were computed in the water vapor flux, vertical velocity and horizontal divergence fields. These variations, when superimposed over persistent large-scale subsidence, yielded enhanced subsidence, low-level divergence and anticyclonic vorticity production by day and weakened subsidence by night. The maximum ...
Network vs Molecular Structural Characteristics of Ge-Doped Arsenic Sulfide Glasses: A Combined Neutron/X-ray Diffraction, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, and Raman Spectroscopic Study

Combined neutron/X-ray diffraction, Ge and As K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, and Raman spectroscopy are employed to study the compositional dependence of the short- and i...
Sex differences in spatial abilities: strategic and experiential correlates.

Abstract Possible sex differences in the nature and accuracy of schematic cognitive maps were investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, 11- and 19-year-olds were asked to examine schematic maps and give directions from memory between various locations on the map. Males at both ages used more Euclidean cues in their directions and were more accurate. In experiment 2, adults were given the Differential Aptitude test of spatial ability in addition to the schematic test. Sex differences were found on both measures. However, personal experience variables were related to sex differences in DAT but not schematic map performance.
Recidivism Outcomes for Suburban Mental Health Court Defendants

Mental health courts have recently emerged as one means to reduce the number of persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system. Using a post-test only comparison group design, this study examined rearrest rates for 1 year post discharge among three groups meeting admission criteria for a municipal mental health court. The rearrest rate of defendants who successfully completed the program (N = 351) was 14.5%, compared to 38% among defendants negatively terminated from the program (N = 137), and 25.8% among defendants who chose not to participate (N = 89). This positive result held even when controlling for a range of variables in a Cox regression survival analysis. Factors associated with rearrest are identified for each of the three groups.
Teaching web development at a distance

Distance education (DE) is proliferating with no signs of slowing down. This paper aims to fill the gap of lacking literature by providing instructional details of teaching a Web development course in the format of asynchronous DE and offering practical instructional strategies. The unique contribution of this paper lies in exemplifying the online delivery of a highly technical course that has been traditionally taught in face-to-face settings, as well as the application of problem-based learning (PBL) methods to DE.