cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bariatric surgery increases risk of bone fracture.

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term incidence of bone fracture after bariatric surgery, identify specific risk factors for fracture, and compare these data to baseline risk in a comorbidity-matched morbidly obese population. We hypothesize that, despite prior studies with conflicting results, bariatric surgery increases a patient’s long-term risk of fracture. All patients who underwent bariatric surgery at a single institution 1985–2015 were reviewed. Univariate analysis of patient demographic data including comorbidities, insurance payer status, procedure type, and BMI was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of fracture in this population. Finally, we identified a propensity-matched control group of morbidly obese patients from our institutional Clinical Data Repository in the same timeframe who did not undergo bariatric surgery to determine expected rate of fracture without bariatric surgery. A total of 3439 patients underwent bariatric surgery, with 220 (6.4%) patients experiencing a bone fracture at mean follow-up of 7.6 years. On multivariate logistic regression, independent predictors of increased fracture included tobacco use and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass while private insurance and race were protective (table). Additionally, 1:1 matching on all comorbidity and demographic factors identified 3880 patients (1940 surgical patients) with equal propensity to undergo bariatric surgery. Between the propensity-matched cohorts, patients who had a history of bariatric surgery were more than twice as likely to experience a fracture as those who did not (6.4 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.0001). This study of bariatric surgery patients at our institution identified several independent predictors of postoperative fracture. Additionally, these long-term data demonstrate patients who had bariatric surgery are at a significantly increased risk of bone fracture compared to a propensity-matched control group. Future efforts need to focus on nutrient screening and risk modification to reduce the impact of this long-term complication.
Be Good Atitude Dalam Berpenampilan Pada UMKM “Mang Piat” Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tinjauan penerapan standar penampilan bagi para pegawai UMKM “Mang Piat” di Desa Girimukti Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 indikator standar grooming yaitu: kebersihan dan kerapian diri (personal hygiene), sikap ramah (atittude), mengucapkan salam (greeting), sopan berbicara (polite), menyambut tamu (welcome guest). Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi dan studi pustaka. Pegawai yang ada didalam UMKM tersebut sebanyak 25 orang yang teridiri dari 14 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan. Sehinga hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penampilan sangat penting bagi pegawai karena bisa menjadikan sebagai daya Tarik para konsumen untuk membeli produk yang dijual. Kualifikasi tim pelaksana kegiatan program ini adalah sebagai berikut, Memiliki kepribadian yang lebih baik lagi yang sesuai dengan pekerja professional, Memiliki kemampuan untuk menserasikan antara berpenampilan dengan kepribadiannya masing-masing, serta keserasian warna dan bentuk tubuh dari orang yang mengenakannya dan Memiliki kemampuan kerja sama dengan orang lain dalam tim (mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan baik), sehingga dengan mudah bisa mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Kata kunci: Attitude , Penampilan, UMKM Abstract This study aims to determine the implementation of performance standards for employees of UMKM "Mang Piat" in the Village Girimukti West Bandung regency. This study consists of 5 standard indicators of grooming, namely: cleanliness and personal hygiene, atittude, greeting, polite, welcome guest. The research methodology used is observation and literature study. Employees who are in the SMEs as many as 25 people consisting of 14 men and 11 women. So the result of this research is that the appearance is very important for employees because it can make as the power Pull the consumers to buy products sold. The qualification of the implementation team of the program is as follows, Having a better personality that suits the professional worker, Having the ability to identify between the appearance with each personality, as well as the harmony of color and body shape of the person who wear it and Have the ability to cooperate with others in the team (able to adapt well), so that it can easily achieve the expected goals. Key word: Attitude, Performing, UMKM
Water Vapor Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific from 20-year Radiosonde Data

The 20-year (1976–1995) daily radiosonde data at 17 stations in the tropical western Pacific was analyzed. The analysis shows that the atmosphere is more humid in a warmer climate on seasonal, inter-annual and long-term (20-year) time scales, implying a positive water vapor feedback. The vertical structure of the long-term trends in relative humidity (RH) is distinct from that on short-term (seasonal and inter-annual) time scales, suggesting that observed water vapor changes on short time scales could not be considered as a surrogate of long-term climate change. The increasing trend of RH (3%–5% / decade) in the upper troposphere is stronger than that in the lower troposphere (1%2%–2% / decade). Such vertical structure would amplify positive water vapor feedback in comparison to the common assumption of constant RH changes vertically. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of vertical structure of RH variations shows distinct features of the vertical structure of the first three EOFs. The first three EOFs are optimal for representation of water vapor profiles and provide some hints on physical mechanisms responsible for observed humidity variability. Vaisala radiosondes were used at nine stations, and VIZ radiosondes used at other eight stations. The Vaisala data are corrected for temperature-dependence error using the correction scheme developed by NCAR I A TD and Vaisala. The comparison of Vaisala and VIZ data shows that the VIZ-measured RHs after October 1993 have a moist bias of ~ 10% at RHs < 20%. During 1976–1995, several changes including both instruments and reporting practice have been made at Vaisala stations and introduce errors to long-term RH variations.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure in Preterm Infants

Diastolic dysfunction is primarily an echocardiographic diagnosis. Its clinical counterpart is diastolic heart failure, where the heart has difficulty to fill at normal pressure and the patient develops signs of pulmonary edema. Although diastolic dysfunction is common in adults, limited information is available in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to explore left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure in preterm infants and describe clinical manifestations in this population. This is a retrospective observational study in preterm infants < 30 weeks’ gestation who received an echocardiography in the first 4 weeks after birth. Diastolic dysfunction was graded using a population-specific adapted version of the adult recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was absent, indeterminate, and definite in 82%, 14%, and 4% of the 168 echocardiograms analyzed, and is associated with increased respiratory signs and respiratory deterioration at 48 h before echocardiogram. In seven infants, diastolic heart failure was diagnosed with both ultrasound and clinical signs. The cumulative risk of diastolic dysfunction increased with the increasing postnatal age and a patent ductus arteriosus. Evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography is relatively common in preterm infants, while the left ventricular diastolic heart failure is less frequent. Prolonged exposure to volume load was the most common cause.
Other Major Cases

This chapter discusses seven additional cases that may well have earned individual chapters of their own if space in this brief volume had allowed it. Several cases are about who can and cannot be sued under various conditions (states, local governments, police, companies in class actions, and even Apple in the ongoing dispute about pricing in the App Store). Two other cases address questions about “immoral” or “scandalous” trademarks and the interpretation of “crimes of violence” under federal law. Three of these cases divide 5-4 along ideological lines, while four others depend on much more interesting divisions among the Justices.
Rapidly Measuring Loop Footprints

Knowing a loop’s footprint — the unique data items it accesses — enables important locality and capacity analysis. Unfortunately, current methods for computing footprint cause integer factors of slowdown and are therefore difficult to use with realistic inputs. Current methods are slow because they are based on software tracing of load instructions and data addresses. We present an approach that combines lightweight measurements and static binary analysis. We use static analysis to reason about each load’s expected reuse. We then calculate the footprint for each loop using inference rules informed by measurements from common performance counters. We validate our method on benchmarks that vary access patterns (strided vs. unpredictable), reuse (varying and repeated accesses per element), and sparsity (all words in a cache line vs. some). For strided patterns, errors are within 1%; for unpredictable ones, errors are 5–10%. Our overheads are under 10%. A tool based on software tracing has an error of less than 1%, but either introduces at least 130× overhead or hangs.
Real-Time Stochastic Optimization of Energy Storage Management Using Deep Learning-Based Forecasts for Residential PV Applications

A computationally proficient real-time energy management method with stochastic optimization is presented for a residential photovoltaic (PV)-storage hybrid system comprised of a solar PV generation and a battery energy storage (BES). Existing offline energy management approaches for day-ahead scheduling of BES suffer from energy loss in real time due to the stochastic nature of load and solar generation. On the other hand, typical online algorithms do not offer optimal solutions for minimizing electricity purchase costs to the owners. To overcome these limitations, we propose an integrated energy management framework consisting of an offline optimization model concurrent with a real-time rule-based controller. The optimization is performed in receding horizon with load and solar generation forecast profiles using deep learning-based long short term memory method in rolling horizon to reduce the daily electricity purchase costs. The optimization model is formulated as a multistage stochastic program where we use the stochastic dual dynamic programming algorithm in the receding horizon to update the optimal set point for BES dispatch at a fixed interval. To prevent loss of energy during optimal solution update intervals, we introduce a rule-based controller underneath the optimization layer in finer time resolution at the power electronics converter control level. The proposed framework is evaluated using a real-time controller-hardware-in-the-loop test platform in an OPAL-RT simulator. The proposed real-time method is effective in reducing the net electricity purchase cost compared to other existing energy management methods.
Does AP CS Principles Broaden Participation in Computing?: An Analysis of APCSA and APCSP Participants

A major attempt to broaden participation in computer science has centered on the design and development of a new high school Advanced Placement (AP) course, AP Computer Science Principles (CSP). This course was created to intentionally engage a wider and more diverse group of students in learning about computing than those who had historically enrolled in programming-focused AP Computer Science "A" (CSA). After several years in the pilot phase, the course was officially offered by the College Board in 2016-17. This paper uses nationwide Freshman Survey data to examine the demographics and characteristics of students who took either CSA, the new CSP course, or both courses by the time they entered college in Fall 2017. Using crosstabs, z-tests, and one-way ANOVA, this study uncovered the similarities and differences between students who had participated in one or both of these courses. Our findings suggest that while students who took only CSP were more diverse than those who took only CSA, they exhibited less computing confidence and less interest in computing majors and tech careers. This study suggests that while CSP may be recruiting more females and racially diverse students into the course, this course alone may not serve as a direct pipeline into computing majors and careers.
Sea Spray and Gas Transfer

In this Chapter we investigate the natural complement of bubble plumes (air entrained in water), sea spray (water entrained in air). As air is entrained in the surface ocean under breaking waves, sea spray is generated from the bubble plumes and the breaking waves themselves. In the same way as bubble plumes, the size distribution and volume flux of sea spray is related to wind speed. The work involving sea spray has been modest relative to its counterpart though significant strides have been made. The momentum and heat flux transfer associated with spray droplets has been reasonably characterized, though the role of sea spray in gas exchange has not. We introduce the Andreas Gas Exchange Sea Spray model (AGES) as an effort to advance our knowledge of sea spray-mediated exchange and present a case study of the role sea spray may serve in gas exchange of the North and South Atlantic Ocean.
Time series prediction using deep echo state networks

Artificial neural networks have been used for time series modeling and forecasting in many domains. However, they are often limited in their handling of nonlinear and chaotic data. More recently, reservoir-based recurrent neural net systems, most notably echo state networks (ESN), have made substantial improvements for time series modeling. Their shallow nature lends themselves to an efficient training method, but has limitations on nonstationary, nonlinear chaotic time series, particularly large, multidimensional time series. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for forecasting time series data based on an additive decomposition (AD) applied to the time series as a preprocessor to a deep echo state network. We compare the performance of our method, AD-DeepESN, on popular neural net architectures used for time series prediction. Stationary and nonstationary data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the methods. Our results are compelling, demonstrating that AD-DeepESN has superior performance, particularly on the most challenging time series that exhibit non-stationarity and chaotic behavior compared to existing methods.
Extreme Risk Protection Orders in Washington : A Statewide Descriptive Study

Background In the United States, 74% of homicides and 51% of suicides involve firearms. Using extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws, petitioners can request restricting firearm access for individuals (known as "respondents") who pose a risk to themselves or others. Objective To characterize respondents and circumstances of ERPOs. Design Descriptive study. Setting State of Washington. Participants All ERPO respondents during 8 December 2016 to 10 May 2019. Measurements Reason for filing the ERPO; characteristics of respondents; respondent's reported history of domestic violence perpetration, mental illness, substance misuse, and suicide ideation or attempt; number and type of firearms removed; and ERPO petition outcome (granted or not granted). Results The ERPOs were filed for concerns about harm to self (n = 67), harm to others (n = 86), or harm to both self and others (n = 84). Of all ERPOs, 87% were filed by law enforcement and 81% were granted. At least 1 firearm was removed from 64% of respondents, with a total of 641 firearms removed. The petitioner reported prior domestic violence perpetration by the respondent in 24% of cases, and a prior diagnosis of a mental health condition and substance misuse for the respondent in 40% and 47% of cases, respectively. Of all respondents, 62% had a history of suicidal ideation or attempt according to the petitioner. As part of the ERPO process, the court ordered mental health evaluation in 30% of cases. Limitation Filing of the forms was inconsistent. Conclusion Laws regarding ERPOs are a potential tool to help protect patients or family members from harming themselves or others by restricting firearm possession and purchase. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of these laws and identify approaches to increase their use. Primary funding source State of Washington.
Chip-based frequency comb sources for optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful interferometric imaging technique widely used in medical fields such as ophthalmology, cardiology and dermatology. Superluminescent diodes (SLDs) are widely used as light sources in OCT. Recently integrated chip-based frequency combs have been demonstrated in numerous platforms and the possibility of using these broadband chip-scale combs for OCT has been raised extensively over the past few years. However, the use of these chip-based frequency combs as light sources for OCT requires bandwidth and power compatibility with current OCT systems and have not been shown to date. Here we generate frequency combs based on chip-scale lithographically-defined microresonators and demonstrate its capability as a novel light source for OCT. The combs are designed with a small spectral line spacing of 0.21 nm which ensure imaging range comparable to commercial system and operated at non-phase locked regime which provide conversion efficiency of 30%. The comb source is shown to be compatible with a standard commercial spectral domain (SD) OCT system and enables imaging of human tissue with image quality comparable to the one achieved with tabletop commercial sources. The comb source also provides a path towards fully integrated OCT systems.
Implications of the Open Science Era for Educational Psychology Research Syntheses.

Extensive debate of potentially common, yet questionable research practices that lead to biased findings within social and health sciences has emerged over the last decade. These challenges likely ...
Destination Selection in Environmental Migration with TOPSIS

The effects of climate change will lead to the forced displacement of millions and will cause dramatic changes to human settlement and migration patterns. The most vulnerable populations will travel as environmental migrants through a complicated quasi-governmental resettlement system of aid camps in the hope of finding long-term placements. These people deserve safe housing and the location they permanently settle in has critical socio-political impacts. Prior research has generally focused on post-conflict or post-disaster relief location selection for a facility at a single point in time or single-period refugee resettlement, with even less work dedicated to environmental migration. Furthermore, the scale of this work is typically limited to a city or country with the geographic area available for relocation remaining static, while in a climate change scenario the habitable land changes over time. We extend the problem of single-period resettlement to multi-period resettlement using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a straightforward multi-criteria decision-making method. We propose a method to iterate resettlement across multiple planning periods and incorporate geospatial, cultural, environmental, and capacity criteria. The set of alternatives, or destinations countries, will change with each planning period to represent the changing habitable environment. Ratios of weights between iterations remain constant. TOPSIS will produce a ranked list of destination sites. The methodology will be illustrated with a generated data set using a set of vulnerable source locations and a set of destination sites, both of which will change in each planning period. We found more variation in the rankings between periods than with standard TOPSIS, as well as greater sensitivity to weights. This work can be applied to any sort of long-term multi-criteria location selection problems (e.g., store openings and closings under changing consumer demand).
Background to Facet Theory

In this first chapter, we offer a brief account of facet theory and its origins. We also show how the mapping sentence is a simple, yet incredibly helpful tool for designing and conducting a research project. We explain facet theory in more general terms, and how this approach allows the researcher to understand complex phenomena within disciplines such as those from the social sciences and humanities. In addition, we briefly touch upon the traditional quantitative, and provide some details about the more recently formulated qualitative forms of facet theory. We conclude that facet theory provides a structure to discover meaningful ontologies or un understandings of the fundamental aspects of specified areas of reality for human animals (Hackett, 2016b) and non-human animals Greggor & Hackett, 2018).
Contrasting Community Assembly Forces Drive Microbial Structural and Potential Functional Responses to Precipitation in an Incipient Soil System

Microbial communities in incipient soil systems serve as the only biotic force shaping landscape evolution. However, the underlying ecological forces shaping microbial community structure and function are inadequately understood. We used amplicon sequencing to determine microbial taxonomic assembly and metagenome sequencing to evaluate microbial functional assembly in incipient basaltic soil subjected to precipitation. Community composition was stratified with soil depth in the pre-precipitation samples, with surficial communities maintaining their distinct structure and diversity after precipitation, while the deeper soil samples appeared to become more uniform. The structural community assembly remained deterministic in pre- and post-precipitation periods, with homogenous selection being dominant. Metagenome analysis revealed that carbon and nitrogen functional potential was assembled stochastically. Sub-populations putatively involved in the nitrogen cycle and carbon fixation experienced counteracting assembly pressures at the deepest depths, suggesting the communities may functionally assemble to respond to short-term environmental fluctuations and impact the landscape-scale response to perturbations. We propose that contrasting assembly forces impact microbial structure and potential function in an incipient landscape; in situ landscape characteristics (here homogenous parent material) drive community structure assembly while short-term environmental fluctuations (here precipitation) shape environmental variations that are random in the soil depth profile and drive stochastic sub-population functional dynamics.
CD44 up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in ovarian and breast carcinoma cells

1823 CD44 comprise a group of cell transmembrane receptors that bind hyaluronan (HA). They exist in a variety of isoforms due to alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. The most common isoform, CD44 standard (CD44s) has been shown to be involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of endopeptidases that degrade most of the ECM. MMPs play an important role in invasion and metastasis of tumors, in which they are frequently overexpressed. Because some MMPs are known to bind CD44 (e.g., MT1-MMP, MMP-9) or are regulated by the CD44s-HA interaction (e.g., MMP-2, MMP-9), we investigated the effect of CD44s expression on MMPs expression and activity in CD44s-negative ovarian (OVCAR-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. We generated CD44s-stable transfectants (i.e., MCF-7/CD44s and OVCAR-3/CD44s). CD44s expression levels were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The in vitro migration and invasion of the clones was determined. The activity of MMPs was assayed by gelatin (MMP-9 and –2) and fibrinogen (MT1-MMP) zymography. OVCAR-3/CD44s clones that expressed CD44s mRNA and protein migrated and invaded more compared to OVCAR-3 cells. The two clones that invaded and migrated the most, showed the expected CD44s band and also a slightly higher molecular weight CD44s band, presumably a posttranslational modified CD44s. These two clones also had an up-regulation of MMP-9 activity and a 50 kDa MMP activity yet to be identified. proMMP-2 processing and MMP-2 activity showed a modest increase in these clones. proMT1-MMP activity was observed in parental as well as in each CD44s clones, but only the most invasive clone showed a band corresponding to active MT1-MMP. MCF-7/CD44s showed a significant up-regulation of MMP-9 compared to MCF-7. No MMP-2 activity was detected for either MCF-7 or MCF-7/CD44s clone. MT1-MMP expression was also up-regulated as shown by RT-PCR. MCF-7/CD44s also showed an increase in migration and invasion compared to MCF-7 cells. In both cell lines, the increase in migration and invasion correlated with an increase in CD44s-mediated MMPs activity. The predominant MMP activity in ovarian and breast cancer cells was MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. Experiments are in progress to identify the 50 kDa gelatinolytic activity and the putative modification of CD44s. These findings suggest that CD44s is involved in the regulated expression of MMPs. The ability of CD44 to up-regulate MMPs contributes to a higher metastatic potential and aggressive phenotype.
Validation of Fault-Free Behavior of a Reliable Multiprocessor System FTMP: A Case Study

The Fault Tolerant Multi-Processor (FTMP) was designed as a highly survivable avionics system. It has been simulated, modeled and emulated extensively for several years. A prototype has been constructed and delivered to the Avionics integrated Research Laboratory (AIRLAB) at NASA/Langley Research Center. This report summarizes the analysis of several baseline experiments. These experiments were part of a methodology designed to test and verify the fault-free performance of the system at many levels, from hardware through system software. The experiments, while simple, were fundamental to understanding how to measure FTMP performance. From the experiments it was determined that the clock is a valid time measurement device in the tested cases; that instruction execution times are virtually constant; that the R4 frame size is 40mS with some variation; that the frame stretching mechanism has some flaws in its implementation that allow the possibility of a frame stretching infinitely. Future measurements are planned. Some will broaden the results of these initial experiments. Others will measure the system more dynamically. This includes the implementation of a synthetic workload generation mechanism on FTMP.
Ising Model Scaling Functions at Short Distance

A method for proving the Luther-Peschel formula for the short distance asymptotics of the Ising model scaling functions is sketched.
Effect of Protonated 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine, A “Tight Junction blocker,” on Intestinal Transport in Dog Ileum In Vivo

Previous in vitro experiments suggest that protonated 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP+) inhibits passive Na+ movement across tight junctions of various epithelial tissues. So far no evidence has been found that TAP+ interferes with other mucosal transport processes. Because blockage of the tight junctions would be a promising tool in studying intestinal transport physiology, the effect of TAP+ was investigated in the dog ileum in vivo. When TAP+ was added to a sodium-free mannitol solution, the transepithelial sodium diffusion potential was significantly decreased (60% inhibition with 34 mM TAP+); this would be expected if TAP+ inhibited Na+ permeation through tight junctions. However, TAP+ was also found to diminish Na+ and Cl- absorption. Furthermore, TAP+ increased unidirectional Na+ flux from plasma to lumen; this is opposite to the expected result of tight junction blockage. In addition, TAP+ reduced glucose, fructose, and xylose absorptioll by about 50%. In ileal loops exposed to cholera toxin, TAP+ enhanced secretion by a rate equal to the rate by which it reduced absorption in loops not exposed to cholera toxin. All changes induced by TAP+ approached normal within 4 hr of its removal from the perfusate. TAP+ did not cause any mucosal damage that could be detected by protein leakage or by light microscopy. These studies show that TAP+ has many effects on intestinal transport processes that cannot be explained on the basis of tight junction blockage.
Assignment Model Formulation of the Machine Cell Formation Problem in Cellular Manufacturing

Presents an assignment model formulation for the machine cell formation problem in cellular manufacturing based on an appropriate definition of dissimilarlity between any pair of machines for the grouping problem. This dissimilarity measure considers the production volume or demand for the parts on the respective machines and forms the cost parameters for the assignment model which is to be minimized. Identification of the machine cells automatically yields the corresponding part groups which are then assigned to the cells. The model is fast‐converging, taking advantage of the well‐proven assignment algorithm. Also presents an algorithm for dealing with mild cases of exceptional elements and too many machine cells. Uses numerical examples to illustrate the model.
The role of internalizing and externalizing liability factors in accounting for gender differences in the prevalence of common psychopathological syndromes

BackgroundWe hypothesized that gender differences in average levels on the internalizing and externalizing factors that account for co-morbidity among common psychopathological syndromes in both men and women account for gender differences in the prevalence of specific syndromes.MethodThe latent structure of 11 syndromes was examined in a middle-aged (mean age=52.66 years, s.d.=5.82) sample of 2992 (37% men) members of the community-based Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR) assessed using 10 scales of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) and an adult antisocial behavior scale. Confirmatory factorial invariance models were applied to a best-fitting, internalizing–externalizing model.ResultsA ‘strong gender invariance model’ fit best, indicating that gender differences in the means of individual syndromes were well accounted for by gender differences in mean levels of internalizing and externalizing. Women exhibited higher mean levels of internalizing (d=0.23) and lower mean levels of externalizing (d=−0.52) than men.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that risk factors for common mental disorders exhibiting gender differences may influence prevalence at the latent factor level. Future research may benefit from focusing on both the latent factor and individual syndrome levels in explaining gender differences in psychopathology.
The free amino-acid pool in Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun) tissues and its role in the osmotic intracellular regulation

Abstract Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun) is capable of anisosmotic extracellular regulation. The mechanisms implicated in this regulation are, however, not powerful enough to insure homeosmoticity in diluted media. Amino acids play an important part in the isosmotic intracellular regulation process which occurs during acclimatization of the animal from sea water to 50 % sea water. The participation of the amino-acid pool in the cell volume regulation, although especially important in the muscle tissue, is a general phenomenon since it also occurs but to a lesser extent, in the other tissues we have examined (nerve, hepatopancreas, gill). The mechanisms controlling the active modification of the amino-acid pool during the osmotic stress are discussed.
K − p bound states with coupling to hyperon channels

The states of kaonic hydrogen bound by the combined Coulomb plus nuclear potentials are determined exactly in momentum space and a study is made of the dominant physics. Couplings to the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${\overline{K}}^{0}n$, and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\pi}$ channels are included with different models for the strong potentials and different wave equations. The existence of both open and closed channels demands an extension of the Kwon, Tabakin, Land\'e treatment of the Coulomb singularity. Model studies indicate a high sensitivity to channel coupling and relativistic kinematics. The calculated ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ atomic shift and width agree in magnitude with recent experiments, but the theoretical shift is towards the less bound whereas the experimental shifts appear more bound.
The evolution of enstatite and chondrules in unequilibrated enstatite chondrites: Evidence from iron-rich pyroxene

FeO-rich (Fs(sub 6)-34) pyroxene lacking cathodoluminescence (CL), hereafter black pyroxene, is a major constituent of some of the chondrules and fragments in unequilibrated (type 3) enstatite chondrites (UECs). It contains structurally oriented zones of Cr-, Mn-, V-rich, FeO-poor enstatite with red CL, associated with mm-sized blebs of low-Ni, Fe-metal and, in some cases, silica. These occurrences represent clear evidence of pyroxene reduction. The black pyroxene is nearly always rimmed by minor element (Cr, Mn, V)-poor enstatite having a blue CL. More commonly, red and blue enstatites, unassociated with black pyroxene, occur as larger grains in chondrules and fragments, and these constitute the major silicate phases in UECs. The rare earth element (REE) abundance patterns of the black pyroxene are LREE-depleted. The blue enstatite rims, however, have a near-flat to LREE-enriched pattern, approx. 0.5-4x chondritic. The petrologic and trace element data indicate that the black pyroxene is from an earlier generation of chondrules that formed in a nebular region that was more oxidizing than that of the enstatite chondrites. Following solidification, these chondrules experienced a more reducing nebular environment and underwent reduction. Some, perhaps most, of the red enstatite that is common throughout the UECs may be the product of solid-state reduction of black pyroxene. The blue enstatite rims grew onto the surfaces of the black pyroxene and red enstatite as a result of condensation from a nebular gas. The evolutionary history of some of the enstatite and chondrules in enstatite chondrites can be expressed in a four-stage model that includes: Stage 1. Formation of chondrules in an oxidizing nebular environment. Stage 2. Solid-state reduction of the more oxidized chondrules and fragments to red enstatite in a more reducing nebular environment. Stage 3. Formation of blue enstatite rims on the black pyroxene as well as on the red enstatite. Stage 4. Reprocessing, by various degrees of melting, of many of the earlier-formed materials.
Reuse-Based Optimization for Prebond and Post-Bond Testing of 3-D-Stacked ICs

Three-dimensional (3-D) stacking of integrated circuits (ICs) using through-silicon-vias (TSVs) is a promising integration platform for next-generation ICs. Since TSVs are not fully accessible prior to bonding, it is difficult to test the combinational logic between scan flip-flops and TSVs at a prebond stage. In order to increase testability, it has been advocated that wrapper cells (WC) be added at both ends of a TSV. However, a drawback of WC is that they incur area overhead and lead to higher latency and performance degradation on functional paths. Prior work proposed the reuse of scan cells to achieve high testability, thereby reducing the number of WC that need to be inserted; however, practical timing considerations were overlooked and the number of inserted WC was still high. We show that the general problem of minimizing the WC is equivalent to the graph-theoretic minimum clique-partitioning problem, and is therefore NP-hard. We adopt efficient heuristic methods to solve the problem and describe a timing-guided and layout-aware solution. We evaluate the heuristic methods using an exact solution technique based on integer linear programming. We also present design-for-test optimization technique to leverage the reuse-based method during post-bond testing. Results are presented for 3-D-stack implementations of the ITC'99 and the OpenCore benchmark circuits.
Reducing cancer risk among Native American adolescents.

Background.This article discusses the development, implementation, and preliminary testing of an intervention to reduce cancer risks through tobacco use prevention and dietary modification among Native American youth in the Northeastern United States.Methods.The intervention outcome study includes a research design and outcome measurement instruments. In collaboration with Native American communities, reservations, and organizations in the Northeastern United States, implementation of the design quantifies the separate and combined effects of a tobacco use prevention and a dietary modification intervention.Results.Native American youths in the tobacco prevention intervention and in the combined tobacco and dietary intervention increased their knowledge of tobacco facts and their awareness of the motives of tobacco advertising, and showed higher ratings for an ability to resist peer pressure and to refuse offers of tobacco use between pretest and posttest. Youths in the combined intervention were significantly less apt to report smoking of any kind. Youths in the tobacco use prevention-only condition reported significantly less smoking than their counterparts in the dietary modification-only condition and control condition on 4 of 8 measurement items. As for dietary variables, pretest to posttest measurement scores showed that, after receiving the curriculum, youths in the dietary modification intervention and in the combined intervention improved their knowledge of the health implications of consuming dietary fat, fiber, fruits, and vegetables. Youths in the dietary modification and combined intervention also improved their scores of knowledge related to cancer risk-reducing nutritional practices, cultural dietary habits, and healthy food choices available for Native American cultures. Youths in the dietary modification-only condition report significantly increasing their consumption of complex carbohydrates and significantly decreasing their fat intake between pretest and posttest occasions.Conclusions.Data from this longitudinal study suggest the value of the FACETS curriculum for helping Native American youth reduce their risks for cancer associated with tobacco use and dietary preference and consumption patterns. In particular, results indicate the enhanced effects of the combined tobacco use prevention and dietary modification intervention for preventing tobacco use and for improving youths’ knowledge and attitudes with regard to tobacco use and diet. Further, the study demonstrates the value of collaborating with Native American organizations to design a cancer risk-reducing curriculum and to implement tests of that curriculum.
Resolution of overlapped NMR spectra by two-way multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares with imbedded kinetic fitting

Abstract This paper describes the investigation of the hydrolysis of Ally, which is a sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide. The hydrolysis of this compound was observed in situ by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The data were analyzed using a two-way, multivariate curve resolution (MCR) technique. The resolution of the overlapping aromatic region of the product and the reactant was of special interest. The reactant, product and intermediate spectra were successfully resolved and the rate constants for the degradation of the herbicide under these conditions were simultaneously determined. The results of the chemometric resolution of the overlapped NMR data were compared to the rates found by using a liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection.
Effect of Adrenocorticotropin on Desoxycorticosterone, Corticosterone and Aldosterone Excretion

ABSTRACT Adrenocorticotropin was administered continuously for 3–7 days to normal subjects and to patients with essential hypertension or an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Tetrahydrodesoxycorticosterone and tetrahydrocorticosterone showed sustained increases but aldosterone showed only an initial transient rise. With cessation of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone fell to <50% of control values and remained reduced for 5–7 days. A possible mechanism, suggested for the reduction of aldosterone excretion by adrenocorticotropin, is the reduction of plasma renin activity by increased production of mineralocorticoid hormones with resultant fluid retention. However, the similar response that occurs in patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma when plasma renin activity is reduced to absent suggests a more dominant role for intraadrenal modulation of aldosterone synthesis.
Inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to tumor alloantigens by systemic administration of Corynebacterium parvum

Intravenous administration of C. parvum following SC immunization with a tumor allograft markedly impaired the generation and expression of primary cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the immunizing alloantigens. For the inhibition to become manifest, a minimum of 4 days of in vivo exposure to C. parvum was necessary, and the effect was seen only when C. parvum was injected during the developing immune response; injection prior to or simultaneously with alloimmunization resulted in no impairment. The inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity was selective. While spleen cell populations exhibited decreased cytotoxic activity, lymphoid cell populations from lymph nodes and blood were unaffected. The inhibitory effect was restricted to the cellular component of the immune response. Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies developed normally and their titer was comparable to that of control alloimmunized mice.
Budgetary Considerations in Planning Pharmacy Continuing Education Programs.

This article presents three years of financial data on pharmacy continuing education programs offered by a college of pharmacy. Forty-one programs were offered resulting in the generation of 35, 702 instructional units of activity and 3028.8 CEUs. Total costs were $295, 797.00 of which $125,822.00 was for direct costs. Income totaled $127,754.00. Costs and income per registrant, instructional unit, and program are presented, as are comparative data by program type for the three-year period. The total cost of one hour of programming for one participant was $8.29. Some thoughts on who should pay for the costs of CE for professionals are presented. Figures are discussed in light of situational factors influencing program delivery. Staff productivity was determined to be 11.7 programs per FTE or 13.7 programs per year. This last figure translated to serving 2,654 participants per year. Total income accounted for only 43.2 percent of total expenses. Increase in registration fees was suggested as one way to offset all expenses.
Prolamin and immunological studies in the Poaceae. III. Subfamily Chloridoideae

Prolamin size variation and structural similarities were used as molecular characters to address questions pertaining to tribal structure and phylogenetic origin of the Chloridoideae. Prolamin polypeptides were resolved by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and the immunological cross-reactivities were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and immunoblotting. Thirty-three species were examined from 24 genera belonging to six chloridoid tribes and three outgroup subfamilies (Arundinoideae, Panicoideae, and Pooideae). The study supports the inclusion of the Cynodonteae, Eragrosteae, and Sporoboleae under one tribe. Members ofthe Pappophoreae and Spartineae appeared as distinct lineages. The results suggest a strong evolutionary relationship between the Chloridoideae and Arundinoideae. Unique among grass subfamilies, the Chloridoideae
Sufficient Conditions for Expected Utility to Imply Mean-Standard Deviation Rankings: Empirical Evidence Concerning the Location and Scale Condition

This paper presents and implements a procedure which examines for empirical support for the location and scale condition. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov multisample test is used to determine if the distribution functions describing the nonsystematic risk component of rate of return for portfolios of common stock are equal to one another except for location and scale. Implications concerning the relationship between mean-variance and expected utility efficient sets are noted. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.
A review of colour rendering indices and their application to commercial light sources

,!The CIE colour rendering index (Ra) is the most widely used measure for quantifying and comparing the colour rendering performance of light sources. Despite its prominence Ra is not without limitations, including its reliance on reference standards and the inability to compare the Ra of sources with different correlated colour temperatures. Other colour rendering measures have been proposed including several based on colour preference, others based on absolute scales, and some that are graphical rather than numerical. This paper utilizes nine colour rendering indices to assess and compare the performance of common light sources and theoretical illuminants. Following this assessment, recommendations for the use of existing tools are made, as well as suggested strategies for future colour rendering measures.
BMI, Body Build, Body Fatness, and Health Risks

The body mass index (BMI) is often criticized because it is an inaccurate index of body fat. However, implicit in this criticism is that a better indicator of body fat would be acceptable as a means of separating unhealthy fat people from healthy thin people. In fact, measures of body fat percentage are readily available and are not superior to the BMI as indicators of health risks. The BMI was developed as an index of overall body size by removing the influence of body height on body weight. Using height and weight data on 1,034 major league baseball players, the usefulness of the BMI is illustrated in two scatter plots. Height and weight are clearly related, whereas height and BMI are completed unrelated. Epidemiological studies are reviewed that have determined BMI and percent body fat in relation to death rates and risk factors. In no instance is percent body fat superior to BMI in predicting risk, and BMI is actually more closely related to risk factors than is body fatness. Thus, excess muscle mass ...
Electron spin resonance of manganous ions in frozen methanol solution

An analysis of the electron spin resonance of Mn2+ in frozen methanol is presented. The broadened, asymmetric lineshape is shown to be due to inhomogeneous broadening caused by combined second - and third-order effects of randomly distributed zero-field splittings in the range of 80-150 G.