cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disorders of Epidermal Maturation (Ichthyosis)

The ichthyoses encompass a wide spectrum of disorders related to the formation of the epidermis. Most are due to inherited or de novo genetic mutations that result in hyperkeratosis. Ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common ichthyosis and has an acquired form seen in certain systemic conditions in adulthood. Unlike the ichthyoses, lichen simplex chronicus is a common nonheritable condition where hyperkeratosis forms in response to chronic rubbing or scratching.
Reproductive Biology of the Coral-reef Goby, Asterropteryx Semipunctata, in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii

A population of the Hawaiian coral-reef goby, Asterropteryx semipunctata, was sampled over a 12-month period to determine basic demographics and reproductive parameters. The sexes did not differ in median length or weight, although the largest males were considerably longer and heavier than the largest females. Overall adult sex ratio was 1 : 1; monthly sex ratios did not differ from unity except in June, when there was a significant female bias. Minimum age at maturity (17.5–19 mm SL) was estimated to be 4.5–5 months after hatching. Nearly all fish over 22 mm SL were mature. Mature females were found in all months of the year, and females that showed evidence of recent or imminent spawning were collected in every month except December. Gonadal analyses indicated a peak in breeding during the summer (May–July) and minimal spawning during the winter (January–February). Between 20% and 30% of females showed evidence of having spawned within the 24-h period prior to collection; therefore, it was estimated that females spawned, on average, at least once every five days and perhaps as frequently as every three days. Mean batch fecundity was 708 eggs (± 418), and was not well predicted by standard length, body weight, or somatic condition. Relative batch fecundity (mean = 1.44 oocytes mg−1 somatic wet weight) varied seasonally, with higher values in spring and summer (April–July) than in fall and winter (September–January). Reproductive parameters are compared and contrasted with those of other gobiid fishes to elucidate general differences between temperate and tropical species.
Weight concern, body image, and abnormal eating in college women tennis players and their coaches.

In order to study weight concerns and eating disorders in women tennis players, 107 women tennis players and 26 women's tennis coaches from colleges across the U.S. responded to questionnaires relating to weight concern, body image, and abnormal eating. When evaluating drawings of female figures, players and coaches both considered the ideal body shape to be smaller than the healthiest one. Most players had normal weight, eating habits, and self-esteem; however, they also exhibited noticeable concern about their weight and appearance. Coaches revealed only moderate knowledge of weight related issues, believed such knowledge to be important, recognized that most of their players were of normal weight, and revealed somewhat negative feelings about overweight people. Players and coaches shared a healthy attitude toward tennis. The results of this study do not imply that college women tennis players are at greater risk of eating disorders than other young women, nor that college coaches are encouraging abnormal eating behaviors
Role of Coupling Factor B in the Fo Proton Channel

The electrochemical proton gradient generated during the oxidations in the respiratory chain is known to be utilized for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the ATP synthase (H+- ATPase of Fo — F1. In this process, H+ reenters the mitochondria through a specific proton channel located in the membrane-embedded Fo segment. The proton channel of E. coli Fo contains three proteins, all of which are necessary for H+ conduction, but the mitochondrial Fo is more complex and contains at least six subunits: subunit 6, subunit 9, URFAGL gene product, OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein), F6 (coupling factor 6), and FB (coupling factor B). F6 and OSCP are believed to be involved in the binding of F1 to Fo in the correct manner to render the ATPase activity sensitive to oligomycin (1), and indirect evidence has implicated FB in the H+ channel (2). Three properties of FB, a 14 kdalton dithiol protein, have been useful in identifying its role in the ATP synthase reaction. They are a) resolution of FB from submitochondrial particles concomitant with loss of activity in energy-linked reactions and reactivation by reconstitution of FB into the particle (3, 4), b) specific inhibition of FB, activity by Cd2+ in the presence of excess monothiol which restricts binding of Cd2+ to a dithiol site (5, 6) and c) retention of Cd2+ on Fb during SDS-PAGE (6, 7).
The Legal Limbo of Indefinite Detention: How Low Can You Go?

Introduction 726 I. Kim Ho Ma’s Story 728 II. Statutory Interpretations 730 A. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) 730 B. The Plenary Power Doctrine and Judicial Deference.......732 C. Interpreting IIRIRA: A Divergence of Opinions 737 1. The Ninth Circuit 737 2. The Tenth Circuit 739 D. The Supreme Court Should Uphold the Ninth Circuit’s Interpretation 740 III. Constitutional Analysis 742 A. Supreme Court Precedent Affording Aliens Due Process Protection 742 B. Fifth and Tenth Circuit’s Analysis 744 C. Ninth Circuit’s Analysis 746 D. Resolving the Tension 747 IV. Complying with International Law 749 Conclusions and Recommendations 754
Identification of small molecules by screening a mixture-based scaffold compound library for treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Abstract This study aimed to identify small molecules that have the potential to treat alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) by screening compounds available from a mixture-based scaffold library. 93 scaffold libraries (total diversity of >30 million compounds in mixture format) were screened using a cell model of AATD in order to identify samples that could either reduce intracellular aggregation of Z-form AAT protein, increase extracellular secretion of Z-AAT or both. Mixture libraries containing compounds with in vitro activity, for example library 1295, were screened further to identify individual active compounds. The mixture format of the scaffold library allowed for some preliminary structure-activity relationships to be developed and also enabled the rapid selection of a promising scaffold. Utilizing this scaffold, 1295, a collection of individual “control” compounds contained in the 1295 mixture sample were then screened. A sub-library of individual “control” compounds featuring structural diversity at position R1 (1295.R1), was screened and 7 compounds were found to reduce the intracellular accumulation of Z-AAT without affecting cell viability at a concentration of 25ug/ml (about 50 μM). Screening sub-libraries featuring structural diversity at R2 and R3 (1295.R2 and 1295.R3) identified an additional 15 active compounds. Titration experiments identified 3 compounds from the 1295.R2 library that retained activity at 5ug/ml (approx. 10uM). One compound (1295.263) from 1295.R2 decreased intracellular levels of Z-AAT without affecting cell viability and wild-type AAT levels at the concentration of 5ug/ml. Molecular docking of this compound to the Z-AAT crystal structure identified a potential binding site near the C-terminal domain, an identified polymerization site. Our results indicate that screening large mixture-based compound libraries can be used to identify small molecules that may have the potential to treat AATD and other disease.
Implementation of a "threat and error" model in complex neonatal cardiac surgery patients to identify quality improvement opportunities.

INTRODUCTION Neonates undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease are vulnerable to adverse events. Conventional quality improvement processes centring on mortality and significant morbidity leave a gap in the identification of systematic processes that, though not directly linked to an error, may still contribute to adverse outcomes. Implementation of a multidisciplinary "flight path" process for surgical patients may be used to identify modifiable threats and errors and generate action items, which may lead to quality improvement. METHODS A retrospective review of our neonatal "flight path" initiative was performed. Within 72 hours of a cardiac surgery, a meeting of the multidisciplinary patient care team occurs. A "flight path" is generated, graphically illustrating the patient's hospital course. Threats, errors, or unintended consequences are identified. Action items are generated, and a working group is formed to address the items. A patient's flight path is updated weekly until discharge. The errors and action items are logged into a database, which is analysed quarterly to identify trends. RESULTS Thirty one patients underwent flight path review over a 1-year period; 22.5% (N = 7) of patients had an error-free "flight." Eleven action items were generated - four from identified errors and seven from identified threats. Nine action items were completed. CONCLUSIONS Flight path reviews of congenital cardiac patients can be generated with few resources and aid in the detection of quality improvement opportunities. The regular multidisciplinary meetings that occur as a part of the flight path review process can promote inter-professional teamwork.
Discharge of Late Tax Return Debt in Bankruptcy: Fixing BAPCPA's Draconian Hanging Paragraph

The current majority rule for handling the discharge of tax debt related to a tardily filed tax return is severely distorted and antithetical to sound bankruptcy and taxation policy. For years, it was established law that bankruptcy could discharge stale tax debts. Indeed, the Bankruptcy Code provided a clear and workable standard that delicately balanced the interest of the government as creditor, the debtor's need for a fresh start, and the interest of the general unsecured creditor. This system used a series of timing rules that allowed stale tax debts to be discharged and allowed the government to collect "fresh" tax debts post-bankruptcy.The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 ushered in many consumer bankruptcy reforms. One of those changes regarded how courts were to treat substitute returns prepared by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") when a taxpayer failed to file any tax return. However, that targeted legislative patch has been incorrectly applied to any and all late tax returns — even if the tax return is filed only one day late — to preclude forever a discharge for that tax debt. This result is a radical sea change in bankruptcy law that is wrong and needs to be remedied.This Article demonstrates four problems with the majority rule. First, the majority rule violates principles of statutory construction. Second, the effects of the rule are exacerbated in state jurisdictions that do not have substitute return provisions. Third, the majority rule violates the principle that courts do not effect major bankruptcy changes without clear legislative command. Fourth — and perhaps most troubling — is that the majority rule now decouples tax priority and discharge.This Article therefore provides both legislative and judicial solutions to solve these problems. In particular, this Article advances a better, more workable judicial test — the indispensable element test — to determine whether a late tax return complies with the current statutory elements for bankruptcy discharge.
Desire and the City: The Freedom and Tyranny of Being Human

For Freud, all desire is sexual desire. That includes the desire to know, philosophia, erotic love sublimated into the love of wisdom. Yet, as Nietzsche notes, the origin of such desire was, “like ...
Coronary Artery Anomalies and Their Impact on the Feasibility of Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation.

One of the major obstacles preventing successful percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is related to the close proximity of coronary artery branches to the expected landing zone. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) especially those associated with major coronary branches crossing the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and to describe their relevance for the feasibility of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). In our retrospective single-center study 90 patients were evaluated who underwent invasive testing for PPVI in our institution from 1/2010 to 1/2020. CAAs were identified in seven patients (8%) associated with major branches crossing the RVOT due to origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) or a single coronary artery from the right aortic sinus. In 5/7 patients with CAAs balloon testing of the RVOT and selective coronary angiographies revealed a sufficiently large landing zone distal to the coronary artery branch. While unfavorable RVOT dimensions prevented PPVI in one, PPVI was performed successfully in the remaining four patients. The relatively short landing zone required application of the “folded” melody technique in two patients. All patients are doing well (mean follow-up 3 years). CAAs associated with major coronary branches crossing the RVOT can be expected in about 8% of patients who are potential candidates for PPVI. Since the LAD crossed the RVOT below the plane of the pulmonary valve successful distal implantation of the valve was possible in 4/7 patients. Therefore these coronary anomalies should not be considered as primary contraindications for PPVI.
Associations between state scope of practice laws and US physician assistant wages from 1997 to 2017: a longitudinal analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine whether, and to what degree, variations in physician assistant (PA) state scope of practice (SOP) laws across states are associated with (1) PA median wage over time and (2) if a specific SOP key element has greater impact on PA median wage than others. We hypothesise that expanded SOP laws will be associated with higher PA wage. DESIGN Longitudinal analysis from 1997 to 2017. SETTING Fifty states and the District of Columbia (US capital region). PARTICIPANTS Employed PAs from 1997 to 2017. METHODS Four national data sets were combined to allow for longitudinal analysis of state-level annual PA wage and state SOP laws. We used linear regression models to explore the associations of SOP elements with PA wage in 5-year intervals and individual growth models to assess the change in PA annual wage over the study period. RESULTS There was a 220% increase in weighted PA annual wage over two decades. There was a positive linear correlation between annual wage and age in 2012 and 2017 (r=0.52, p<0.01; r=0.29, p=0.04, respectively). The adjusted R2 for individual SOP elements in the selected years were all small (range: 0.0-0.29), with no appreciable pattern across time for any SOP element. In 1997, several SOP laws show association with median wage but this impact disappears over time. CONCLUSIONS PA median wage has risen over twofold in the past two decades, with the rise in PA wage mainly explained by time and provider age. In 1997 some SOP elements were associated with increased average wage; however, the impact of this increase diminished over time in all such instances. As the PA profession moves towards Optimal Team Practice, future research should examine if this move towards greater autonomy impacts wage.
Traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation presenting as locked-in syndrome.

Abstract We present an unusual presentation of unstable atlanto-occipital dissociation as locked-in syndrome. Traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation is a severe injury that accounts for 15–20% of all fatal cervical spinal injuries. A disruption occurs between the tectorial ligaments connecting the occipital condyle to the superior articulating facets of the atlas, resulting in anterior, longitudinal, or posterior translation, and it may be associated with Type III odontoid fractures. Furthermore, the dissociation may be complete (atlanto-occipital dislocation) or incomplete (atlanto-occipital subluxation), with neurologic findings ranging from normal to complete quadriplegia with respiratory compromise.
The clinical decision support consortium.

Clinical decision support (CDS) can impact the outcomes of care when used at the point of care in el ectronic medical records (EMR). CDS has been shown to increase quality and patient safety, improve adherence to guidelines for prevention and treatment, and avoid medication errors. S ystematic reviews have shown that CDS can be useful across a va riety of clinical purposes and topics. Despite broad national policy objectives to increase EMR adoption in the US, current adoption of advanced clinical decision support is limited due to a variety of reasons, including: limited implementation of EMR, CPOE, PHR, etc., difficulty developing clinical practice guidelines ready for implementation in EMR, lack of standards, absence of a central repository or knowledge resource, poor support for CDS in commercial EMRs, challenges in integratin g CDS into the clinical workflow, and limited understanding of organizational and cultural issues relating to clinical decision support. To better understand and overcome these barriers, and accelerate the translation of clinical practice guideline knowledge into CDS in EMRs, the CDS Consortium is established to assess, define, demonstrate, and evaluate best practices for knowledge management and clinical decision support in healthcare information technology at scale - ac ross multiple ambulatory care settings and EHR technology platforms.
A performance bound on low-pass reconstruction from PWM signals

A performance bound on low-pass reconstruction of a finite energy, band-limited signal from its corresponding pulse width modulated (PWM) signal is given. A finite dimensional input signal structure is proposed and its characteristics such as ℒ ∞ norm and convergence rate in the tail regions are investigated. The criteria on sampling rate and reference signal structure for lossless PWM generation are specified. With uniform oversampling, different PWM structures are constructed using a generator consisting of an ideal sampler and a comparator. An equivalent model for PWM generation and low-pass reconstruction is proposed in order to separate infinite energy components in the modulated signal from the finite energy information bearing components. Using the equivalent model, bounds on distortion energies due to low-pass reconstruction and the corresponding signal to distortion ratios are given. Characteristics of low-pass reconstruction from different PWM signals such as output shifts, blurring effects and distortion attenuations are discussed.
Genetic Isolates and Behavioral Gene Searches

Genetically isolated populations, created via physical isolation, founder effect and ethnic inbreeding, help to create relatively more homogeneous study populations. In the study of disorders of multifactorial and multiple gene effects, use of such populations should allow for enhanced identification of susceptibility genes by limiting genetic heterogeneity. Keywords: genetic isolates; founder effect; homozygosity; inbreeding; surname analysis
Keeping Pace with Opportunistic DNA

Lateral DNA Transfer Mechanisms and Consequences. Frederic Bushman. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2002. 464 pp. $59, £43. ISBN 0-87969-603-6. Paper, $39, £28. ISBN 0-87969-621-4. Readers from graduate students to established researchers will find much of interest in Bushman's discussions of how lateral transfer occurs, the extent to which it happens, its implications for our understanding of biology, and its consequences for medicine.
Coordinating fuzzy ART neural networks to improve transmission line fault detection and classification

This paper demonstrates several uses of adaptive resonance theory (ART) based neural network (NN) algorithm combined with fuzzy K-NN decision rule for fault detection and classification on transmission lines. To deal with the large input data set covering system-wide fault scenarios and improve the overall accuracy, three fuzzy ART neural networks are proposed and coordinated for different tasks. The performance of improved scheme is compared with the previous development based on the simulation using a typical power system model. The speed and accuracy of detecting continuous signals during the fault is also evaluated. Simulation results confirm the improvement benefits when compared with the previous implementation.
Comparative management and marketing : text and readings

The article reviews the book “Comparative Management and Marketing: Text and Readings,” by J. Boddewyn.
A Direct Comparison of Self-Injurious and Stereotyped Motor Behavior Between Preschool-Aged Children With and Without Developmental Delays

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and stereotyped motor behavior (STY) of preschool-aged children with developmental delays (DD group) and their peers without developmental delays (TD group) using a standardized caregiver report scale. METHODS: The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised was completed by caregivers of children with developmental delays and their peers without developmental delays. Frequency of occurrence and severity ratings for SIB and STY were compared between groups. RESULTS: SIB and STY were reported more often and at a greater level of severity in the DD group. Older chronological age was associated with more severe STY in the DD group but not the TD group. Gender was not related to STY or SIB for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in STY and SIB were evident between preschoolers with and without DD. FINDINGS are discussed from developmental and behavioral psychology perspectives regarding the expression of repetitive behavior in developmentally at-risk pediatric populations. Language: en
Role of Calcination Temperature on the Hydrotalcite Derived MgO–Al2O3 in Converting Ethanol to Butanol

In the base catalyzed ethanol condensation reactions, the calcined MgO–Al2O3 derived hydrotalcites used broadly as catalytic material and the calcination temperature plays a big role in determining the catalytic activity. The characteristics of the hydrotalcite material treated between catalytically relevant temperatures 450 and 800 °C have been studied with respect to the physical, chemical, and structural properties and compared with catalytic activity testing. With the increasing calcination temperature, the total measured catalytic basicity dropped linearly with the calcination temperature and the total measured acidity stayed the same for all the calcination temperatures except 800 °C. However, the catalyst activity testing does not show any direct correlation between the measured catalytic basicity and the catalyst activity to the ethanol condensation reaction to form 1-butanol. The highest ethanol conversion of 44 % with 1-butanol selectivity of 50 % was achieved for the 600 °C calcined hydrotalcite material.
Emergency management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

In the United States, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage is a common medical emergency resulting in 250,000 admissions/year or SO-150 episodes/ 100,000 population/yeari-3 at an annual cost of nearly one billion dollars.4 It accounts for approximately 15% of admissions to the Medical Intensive Care Unit at The University of New Mexico Hospital. Men are more likely to suffer UGI hemorrhage than women, and bleeding becomes more frequent among both sexes with advancing age.” Despite significant advances in pre-hospital care, patient monitoring, blood banking, endoscopic diagnosis, anesthesia, and surgery, the overall mortality rate for this condition has remained constant at approximately 10% over the past four decades.5 This may be related to the slowly rising average age of patients (currently 59 years)(i.j-9) and to an increasing percentage of patients hemorrhaging within the context of serious underlying disease. Prompt, careful evaluation and management may improve the outcome in individual patients.9 This review explores issues in the care of patients with UGI hemorrhage in the temporal order in which they are confronted by the emergency physician: initial management, clinical evaluation, empirical emergency therapy, specific diagnostic tests, prognosis, prevention of UGI bleeding, and, finally, future trends. Like many other emergent conditions, decisions made early in the clinical course of UGI hemorrhage are the most important in reducing avoidable morbidity and mortality.
Inferior vena cava bypass: Experimental evaluation of externally supported grafts and initial clinical application

Abstract Inferior vena caval obstruction is an unusual but important clinical problem for which adequate treatment previously has not been available. Recently, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft with external rigid spiral supports was developed that appeared particularly applicable to the venous system. In 18 dogs a 15 cm length of Impraflex was placed from the proximal right common iliac vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the renal veins after IVC and right iliac vein interruption. End-to-end and end-to-side iliac vein anastomoses were alternated, with and without distal femoral arteriovenous (AV) fistulas (AVFs). At 2 months, with a distal AV fistula, 11 of 12 (92%) grafts were patent, angiograms demonstrated no evidence of intraluminal clot, and there was no hind limb edema. Following AVF ligation 2 months after graft insertion, 10 grafts remained patent, but five developed some intraluminal thrombus and one of them progressed to complete occlusion. Four months after fistula ligation (6 months after graft insertion) 9 of 12 grafts (75%) remained patent. All six grafts without distal AVF were occluded within 1 week. This procedure was performed on one severely symptomatic patient who had IVC occlusion, and currently the patient shows marked improvement. Thus IVC bypass is possible when an externally supported PTFE prosthesis is complemented by a temporary AVF. (J VASC SURG 1984;1:675-80.)
Dynamism in Electronic Performance Support Systems

This article introduces a model of dynamic electronic performance support systems. Dynamic support systems are characterized by the ability to change with experience, the ability to be updated and adjusted by the performer, and by the ability to augment other supports found in the performers' community. Dynamic systems are contrasted with the static nature of conventional models of performance support systems. This article reviews the attributes of current performance support systems, describes lessons learned from a project that explored a dynamic model of learning and support, and presents design principles for dynamic performance support.
Observation of Three Growth Mechanisms in Self-Assembled Monolayers

Time-resolved atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements reveal that the self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane-based monolayers on the oxidized Si(100) surface can be initiated by t...
Operators on harmonic Bergman spaces

We study the commutator of the multiplication and harmonic Bergman projection, Hankel and Toeplitz operators on the harmonic Bergman spaces. The same type operators have been well studied on the analytic Bergman spaces. The main difficulty of this study is that the bounded harmonic function space is not an algebra! In this paper, we characterize theLp boundedness and compactness of these operators with harmonic symbols. Results about operators in Schatten classes, the cut-off phenomenon and general symbols are also included.
Protective Niche for Borrelia burgdorferi to Evade Humoral Immunity

The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is an extracellular microbe that causes persistent infection despite the development of strong immune responses against the bacterium. B. burgdorferi expresses several ligand-binding lipoproteins, including the decorin-binding proteins (Dbps) A and B, which may mediate attachment to decorin, a major component of the host extracellular matrix during murine infection. We show that B. burgdorferi was better protected in the joints and skin, two tissues with a higher decorin expression, than in the urinary bladder and heart, two tissues with a lower decorin expression, during chronic infection of wild-type mice. Targeted disruption of decorin alone completely abolished the protective niche in chronically infected decorin-deficient mice but did not affect the spirochete burden during early infection. The nature of protection appeared to be specific because the spirochetes with higher outer surface protein C expression were not protected while the protective niche seemed to favor the spirochetes with a higher dbpA expression during chronic infection. These data suggest that spirochetal DbpA may interact with host decorin during infection and such interactions could be a mechanism that B. burgdorferi uses to evade humoral immunity and establish chronic infection.
Persistence and management of spatially distributed populations

The management of populations that are distributed in space is an important problem, both for ensuring the persistence of threatened populations and for the eradication or prevention of spread of invasive species. I provide an overview of conditions for persistence which underlie management in both scenarios. The idea that persistence essentially depends on two aspects, local dynamics and connectivity, provides a way to organize management approaches and leads to rules of thumb for management. This can guide management or suggest what additional information would be needed. Examples from a variety of systems and taxa illustrate the results.
Analysis of errors in sampled-data systems

THE system error e(t) in a sampled-data feedback system is an important design parameter. It is defined as the difference between the actual output c(t) and the desired output c d (t), i.e., $\epsilon (t) \buildrel{\triangle}\over {=} c_{d}(t)-c(t)$ . The system error has two components: (1) organic error, due to system energy storages; and (2) ripple, due to the sampling process. Formulation of these errors is obtained through the use of z-transform1 and ordinary Laplace transform techniques. (z-transforms are merely Laplace transforms of pulsed data and are usually rational functions in esT in which esT has been replaced by z.)
Stabilization of premixed flames in mixed-convection laminar plumes

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study of laminar premixed flames stabilized in a two-dimensional mixed-convection thermal plume is described. Tests were conducted with a uniform upflow (velocities in the range 7–20 cm/s) of lean methane-air mixtures (fuel equivalence ratios in the range 0.44–0.56) past a heated horizontal wire (wire diameters in the range 142–320 μm). Wire Reynolds numbers were low; therefore, recirculation zones behind the wires were absent and the flames were thermally stabilized. Flame standoff distances from the wire, blowoff limits, and shapes were measured and correlated using earlier boundary layer analysis. Blowoff limits were associated with the rapid transition from flame positions near to far from the source, posed earlier as a wake plume ignition criterion. Effects of streamwise diffusion were observed; therefore, subsequent analysis should relax the boundary layer approximations.
Synthesis of serum proteins by cultures of chick embryo yolk sac endodermal cells

Abstract Endodermal cells were isolated from yolk sacs of 3-day chick embryos and cultured for 6 days in Eagle's minimal essential media plus 10% fetal calf serum. During this period cells rapidly lost their ability to synthesize DNA as judged by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. In spite of this loss of DNA synthesis serum protein synthesis and secretion remained at a constant 45% of total protein synthesis and secretion. This was determined by immunoprecipitation of culture media using antibodies directed against embryonic chick serum proteins. Media were also analyzed for the synthesis and secretion of specific serum proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative synthesis and secretion of the individual serum proteins followed that previously observed in ovo with the exception of α-globulin-a which became undetectable. When culture media were supplemented with ovalbumin or insulin the relative synthesis and secretion of certin specific serum proteins were altered. However, analysis of these same media samples showed that the total amounts of serum protein synthesis and secretion were unaffected.
Toxicological study on the effect of diflubenzuron (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea) on rat C-6 astrocytoma cells in vitro.

1. Rat C-6 astrocytoma cells have been cultured in medium containing up to 31 ppm of diflubenzuron. 2. Diflubenzuron had no measurable effect on cell morphology or the rate of cell division in monolayer cultures. 3. Diflubenzuron neither inhibited the total production of glycosaminoglycans, nor altered the ratio between sulfated and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans. 4. These data indicate that diflubenzuron is not an inhibitor of N-acetylhexosaminyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans of higher animals.
The Seeds of Inspiration

What are some of the seeds of inspiration for pervasive computing research? For Editor in Chief Roy Want, it's his fascination with gadgets, tendency to shop for electronic odds and ends, and interest in turning fictional devices into reality—all of which relate to hacking, the topic of this special issue.
A spreadsheet heuristic to classify random survey samples for a factorial experimental design

Abstract Industrial engineers, ergonomists, production operations managers and other field researchers may be confronted with large panels of potential respondents whose characteristics will not fit into a balanced factorial analysis design. This paper describes a microcomputer spreadsheet application that allows construction of an approximately unbiased sample in a 2n factorial design, using the Plackett-Burman reduced cell model as screening device. Binary criteria for predictor variables and binary-to-decimal conversion are used as an aid to obtain the “best” respondent selection for subsequent data analysis. Two separate studies are presented to illustrate the technique.
Islam and the Study of Ethics

Abstract Aaron Hughes’ critique of certain trends in Islamic Studies raises some important questions. The force of the critique rests on limiting the sample of material, however. I suggest we broaden the selection of scholarly work to include studies focused on questions of ethics, understood as the study of normative discourse. A number of articles published in the Journal of Religious Ethics provide an illustration of an alternative approach to the study of Islam, and suggest a more hopeful picture than the one provided by Hughes.
Efforts in cancer diagnosis: national task forces--large bowel cancer.

Current information from the National Large Bowel Cancer Project and other sources is given concerning new leads and avenues of research that may be used in early diagnosis or possibly in monitoring therapy. The search for biological markers has developed in two general directions: (1) to identify by genetic studies patients with a high probability of developing cancer who will provide insight into biochemical changes as premalignant lesions develop into frankly developed cancer, and (2) to find differences between tissue and body fluid constituents in normal subjects and patients with cancer. Screening for colon cancer is discussed with a selective diagnostic approach and with emphasis on this approach in early diagnosis of asymptomatic high risk patients.
Spermiogenesis in house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae): A transmisssion electron microscope study

Abstract Musca domestica L., house fly, spermiogenesis is illustrated by transmission electron micrographs. The basic morphologic features of spermiogenesis which are presented include: elongation of the nucleus, and the development of the centriole adjunct, acrosome, and microtubules. A two-part centriole adjunct and a basal body (centriole derivative) that contains three central tubules are reported for the first time in developing insect sperm. It is suggested that the three tubules are related to the transitory microtubules in the sperm cytoplasm. Finally, it is postulated that at least three sperm types in insects exist with respect to the associations which the mitochondrial derivatives, the ciliary bundle (axial filament), and the centriole adjunct have with the base of the nucleus. These three forms can be categorized on the basis of their respective nuclei as truncate, concave and convex.
Food from the Sea

Man has always looked to the sea as a source of food, and it has served him well. The promise of almost unlimited protein from fish has led many countries to invest heavily in ships to catch and process fish for human consumption. Traditionally, the Scandinavian and other European countries have had a long history of commercial fishing. Lately, the Soviet Union, Japan, East Germany, Poland, Spain, Iceland, Korea, and other countries have joined the fishing fleets in almost every fishing ground in the world. Peru has the distinction of landing the greatest annual tonnage of fish, but nearly all of it goes into fish meal for animal consumption.
Thermal Effects in Cryogenic Liquid Annular Seals—Part II: Numerical Solution and Results

A numerical thermohydrodynamic model for solution of the nonlinear differential equations describing the turbulent flow of a single-phase, cryogenic liquid annular seal is presented. A perturbation method is used for calculation of the zeroth and first-order flow solutions to determine the seal steady-state response and dynamic force coefficients. Numerical predictions for a high speed liquid oxygen seal with a roughened stator surface show that, relative to an isothermal-barotropic fluid model, the adiabatic THD solution presents a significant temperature-rise with a profound effect on the liquid material properties and seal performance characteristics
The Effect of Bicycle Ergometer Exercise at Varying Intensities on the Heart Rate, EMG and Mood State Responses to a Mental Arithmetic Stressor

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bicycle ergometer exercise at varying metabolic intensities upon the heart rate, electromyographic (EMG), and mood state responses to a timed mental arithmetic stressor. Twelve males participated in four experimental conditions: three exercise trials consisting of workloads of 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity, and an attentional control condition. Daily test protocol involved the following time sequence: habituation, baseline, exercise or control condition (presented in a counterbalanced order), recovery, mental arithmetic, and completion of mood state questionnaire. Results indicated no differential response to the mental arithmetic stressor across the four conditions for the 12 subjects for heart rate, EMG activity, or mood state. Thus, 15 min of exercise at 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity proved to be no different from an attentional control condition in influencing the physiological and psychological responses to th...
Chemical manipulation by X-rays of functionalized thiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au.

The chemical modification caused by prolonged exposure to X-rays on a series of para-substituted phenyl moieties (−NO2, −CN, −CHO, −COOH, −CO2Me, and −CO2tBu) at the surface of thiolate-Au self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the influence that the phenyl group has on the chemical modification induced by the X-ray irradiation on the SAMs was investigated by comparing the XPS results obtained from irradiation on a NO2-aromatic-terminated SAM (6-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexane-1-thiolate (NPHT)) and NO2-aliphatic-terminated SAM (thioacetic acid S-(12-nitrododecyl) ester (TNDDE)). The NPHT and TNDDE SAMs have been shown to behave differently to X-ray exposure. The irradiation of the NPHT SAM led to the reduction of the nitro (−NO2) moiety to the amine (−NH2) moiety, as shown by the decrease in the intensity of the N 1s photoelectron peak for −NO2 (406 eV) in the XPS spectra with the concomitant increase in the N 1s photoelectron peak for −NH2...
Silicon-based nanowires from silicon wafers catalyzed by cobalt nanoparticles in a hydrogen environment

We present here the synthesis of silicon-based nanowires directly from silicon wafers at high temperatures and in the presence of cobalt nanoparticles and hydrogen gas. All three ingredients were critical to the growth of Si-based nanowires, which were between 5–60 nm in diameter and µm–mm long. Both heavily coiled and straight Si-based nanowires were made. Experimental evidence suggested that the sources of silicon for the nanowires growth were in the gas phase.
Chronic oral toxicity studies of di-n-hexyl azelate in rats and dogs.

Abstract Groups comprising 35 male and 35 female rats were maintained for two years on diets containing O (control groups), 0.1, 0.5, and 15% DnHA. Growth was retarded in the groups given the 15% diets, otherwise all groups grew normally. Food consumptions were normal. Urine analyses and hematologic studies made periodically gave normal values. Kidney weights were elevated in the groups given the 15% diet, otherwise organ weights lay in the normal ranges. A thorough histologic examination revealed no changes that were attributed certainly to the treatment. Two bladder papillomas were found, one in a male rat given the 15% diet, the other in a female rat given the 0.1% diet. Groups of 3 beagle dogs each were maintained for one year on daily doses of O (control group), 0.1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 3.0 g/kg, DnHA. Body weights showed no significant changes. Urine samples and blood samples gave only normal findings. A thorough histologic study gave no evidence of any tissue change that was attributed to the administration of DnHA.
Extending the linear quadratic Gaussian/loop transfer recovery technique to a class of distributed parameter systems

Sufficient conditions for extending the linear quadratic Gaussian/loop-transfer recovery technique to a class of distributed parameter systems are presented. Two different approaches are considered in developing the conditions. The goal is to fully extend the technique to a class of infinite-dimensional regulator problems which utilize a Kalman filter. It is not known whether or not the sufficient conditions are satisfied by the entire class of problems considered. The difficulties encountered in trying to prove that the sufficient conditions are satisfied are discussed, and an approximation based on the work of H.T. Bank and K. Kunisch (1984) is presented. >
Removal of diesel particulate matter (DPM) in a tubular wet electrostatic precipitator

Abstract In this study, experiments were performed with a tubular wet electrostatic precipitator (wESP) to evaluate its effectiveness for the removal of mass- and number-based DPM emissions. A nonroad diesel generator utilizing a low sulfur diesel fuel (500 ppmw) operating under varying load conditions was used as a stationary DPM emission source. The US EPA Method 5 “Sampling Method for Stationary Sources” and Method 1A “Sampling and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources with Small Stacks or Ducts” were adopted as reference methods for measurement of DPM mass concentration. An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) was used to quantify the DPM number concentration in the diluted exhaust gas at each tested condition. The wESP was evaluated with respect to varying engine loads and to different operational control parameters, such as corona power and gas residence time, to determine their effect on overall removal efficiency. The results show that the removal efficiency of the wESP increased as the engine loads decreased principally due to an increase in gas residence time and a decrease in DPM concentrations. At a constant wESP voltage and engine load, the increase of gas residence time within the wESP led to a significant increase in total DPM removal efficiency. In addition, total DPM removal efficiency was found to be directly related to the corona power, with increasing removal efficiency measured for increases in corona power. The linear correlation of DPM effective migration velocity and superficial gas velocity was established and an empirical equation is given. The wESP appears to be a promising alternative method for control of mass-based as well as number-based DPM emissions.
Characteristics and uniformity of group V implanted and annealed HgCdTe heterostructure

This work presents characterization of implanted and annealed double layer planar heterostructure HgCdTe for p-on-n photovoltaic devices. Our observation is that compositional redistribution in the structure during implantation/ annealing process differs from that expected from classical composition gradient driven interdiffusion and impacts the placement of the electrical junction with respect to the metallurgical heterointerface, which in turn affects quantum efficiency and RoA. The observed anomalous interdiffusion results in much wider cap layers with reduced composition difference between base and cap layer composition. The compositional redistribution can, however, be controlled by varying the material structure parameters and the implant/anneal conditions. Examples are presented for dose and implanted species variation. A model is proposed based on the fast diffusion in the irradiation induced damage region of the ion implantation. In addition, we demonstrate spatial uniformity obtained on molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) material of the compositional and implanted species profile. This reflects spatial uniformity of the ion implantation/annealing Processes and of the MBE material characteristics.
The Contribution to Tropical Rainfall with respect to Convective System Type, Size, and Intensity Estimated from the 85-GHz Ice-Scattering Signature

Abstract This study compiled a database of precipitating cloud clusters from 85-GHz data in 10 regions of the wet Tropics for a calendar year (November 1992–October 1993). The cloud clusters were grouped into four classes of basic system types, based on size (closed 250 K contour greater or less than 2000 km2) and minimum enclosed 85-GHz brightness temperature (greater or less than 225 K) to indicate the presence or absence of large areas of active, deep convection. For each cloud cluster, instantaneous volumetric rain rates (mm km2 h−1) were calculated using an 85-GHz ice-scattering-based rain-rate retrieval algorithm. Because the ice-scattering signature is linearly related to but does not directly measure rain rate, the methodology was appropriate for estimating relative contributions rather than quantifying tropical rainfall. For the 3-month wet season of each study region, the rainfall contributions with respect to system type, size, and intensity were calculated. Regional differences were small amon...
Immunity targeting common core antigens of gram-negative bacteria.

Antibodies against common gram-negative core antigens can provide protection against environmental, commensual, and contagious bacteria that cause life-threatening gram-negative sepsis/endotoxemia. Cross-protective immunity may be effective against many common livestock diseases, including neonatal coliform septicemia, coliform mastitis, septic metritis, and severe enteritis. The greatest potential benefit of cross-protective immunity may be realized in the reduction of ill-thrift and mortality of neonates. The use of active and passive immunization against core antigens common to gram-negative bacteria has been successful in human beings, laboratory animals, and livestock. Protection has been observed following challenge with either heterologous endotoxin or unrelated, live, virulent gram-negative bacteria. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1990; 4:17–25)
Testing the Cross-Ethnic Construct Validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the cross-ethnic construct validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Method: The sample consisted of 1,166 individuals diagnosed with...