cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Participants' Experiences of Non-suicidal Self-Injury: Supporting Existing Theory and Emerging Conceptual Pathways

Due to the increase in prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury, various models of self-injury have been proposed. Researchers have found empirical support for components of these models but have not explored the models in their entirety, nor supported them through the voices of participants. Eighty-eight participants' experiences of non-suicidal self-injury were explored in the current study, providing support for the existing models of self-injury by Nock and Chapman and colleagues, as well as support for Joiner's (2005) suggestion that self-injury can desensitize individuals to suicide. However, through content analysis and correlations, new categories emerged from participants' stories that have not been included in previous models, as well as suggested pathways within the existing models. Implications for counselors are proposed.
Teleologisch und teleonomisch: eine neue Analyse

In der Biologie bedient man sieh haufig einer teleologischen Sprache, um Feststellungen uber die Funktion von Organen, uber physiologische Vorgange und uber Verhaltensweisen und Tatigkeiten von Arten und Individuen zu treffen. Diese Sprache ist durch die Benutzung der Worte Funktion, Zweck und Ziel gekennzeichnet, ferner durch die Aussage, etwas existiere oder werde getan, „um zu“! Typische teleologische Aussagen sind etwa: „Eine der Aufgaben der Nieren ist es, die Endprodukte des Proteinstoffwechsels auszuscheiden“ oder: „Vogel ziehen in warme Gegenden, um den niedrigen Temperaturen und dem Futtermangel im Winter auszuweichen“. Trotz der von Physikern, Philosophen und Logikern seit langem vorgebrachten Zweifel bestehen viele Biologen weiterhin darauf, solche teleologischen Feststellungen seien objektiv und frei von jedem metaphysischen Gehalt. Doch nicht nur das: sie behaupten auserdem, diese druckten etwas Wichtiges aus, was bei einem Verzicht auf die teleologische Sprache verlorengehe.
War Crimes In The 2008 Georgia–Russia Conflict

Little has been written within empirically driven criminology about crimes committed during the conduct ofwarfare.ThelawsofwarareoveracenturyoldandthecurrentGenevaConventionsmorethan50.This paper addresses this gap by providing a partial account of the nature and distribution of violations of the Geneva Conventions during the August 2008 Georgia–Russia conflict and during the post-conflict occupationperiod.Drawingonnumerousinvestigationsbymultipleparties,itestablishesthatwarcrimes were committed by all belligerent parties. Yet, not all parties committed the same types or same number of crimes. These distribution factors are examined in light of international transnational controls and the motivations each party brought to the conflict.
Examining the Consistency of Water Content Data in Alkanes Using the Perturbed-Chain Form of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State

Experimental data available in the literature on the water content of alkanes (C5 and higher) is widely scattered. The accurate determination of water content in hydrocarbons is critical for the petroleum and natural gas industries due to corrosion and hydrate formation problems. A molecular theory with a single parameter fit to water content data is shown to accurately correlate water mole fraction in alkanes from C1 to C16 which are in equilibrium with liquid water or ice. Moreover, a list of experimental data is recommended to the reader based on its agreement with the fundamental equation of state used in this work. An empirical equation is proposed to accurately correlate water content in C5–C16 alkanes for temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 323.15 K and as a function carbon number.
Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Liver Transplantation

Toxoplasmosis is an important disease in immunocompromised hosts, particularly in patients with AIDS and in heart transplant recipients. Infection with Toxoplasma is less commonly seen in recipients of other solid organ transplants. We report a case of fulminant disseminated infection with Toxoplasma after liver transplantation. Despite numerous diagnostic studies including open lung biopsy, toxoplasmosis was diagnosed only at the time of autopsy and involved the brain, spinal cord, pituitary gland, lungs, and heart. Toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiorgan failure in the early period after liver transplantation. If mismatched serologies could be identified then clinical suspicion might be higher and prophylactic or empirical therapy could be instituted. The United Network for Organ Sharing (Richmond, VA) should consider including serology for Toxoplasma in the testing of donors.
Development and Prospect of Cognitive Sport Psychology

The cognitive sport psychology is the study of athletes' mental processes and memory structure and the purpose is to understand and optimize athlete'behaviors of the individual or team. It w as to be born w ith the development of cognitive psychology in 1960s and got a rapid development in 1970s and 1980s. In 1990s,the study fields of it w ere including perceiving,attention,imagery,learning,remembering and thinking. In the 21st century,psychologist study in all fields relevant to cognition in sports. With development of the cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience,the study of cognitive sport psychology w ill no longer focus on the information processing only,and multi-perspective and multi-means w ill be used. The training of cognitive skills and utilization w ill be thought much. The structure of cognitive sport psychology w ill improve and become a key branch of applied psychology.
Prudent use of the aminoglycosides

Kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are potent aminoglycoside antibiotics useful in treatment of infections with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. For many bacteria, no other effective agents exist. These antibiotics must be used prudently. Prescribing physicians have a responsibility to avoid unnecessary therapy with agents that have the potential of causing serious ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects and to avoid indiscriminate use that may encourage the emergence of resistant organisms. These medications are much too valuable to be rendered ineffective by unwise use.
Two categories of learning difficulties in adolescents.

This paper describes two categories of intelligent adolescents referred for scholastic difficulties. Although they present similar symptoms, they are not a homogeneous group. In Group A, academic failure is related to ego impairment. In Group B, scholastic dysfunctions are secondary to residual language deficits.
The Ryan’S Site Cache: Comparisons to Plainview

A Lubbock County, Texas cache of lithic artifacts within a small playa basin includes 60 bifaces, a unijace, 46 flakes, two possible hammerstones, and a sandstone abrader. Fourteen of the bifaces a...
Conceptual Mathematics: Binary operations and diagonal arguments

Objects satisfying universal mapping properties are in a sense trivial if you look at them from one side, but not trivial if you look at them from the other side. For example, maps from an object to the terminal object 1 are trivial; but if, after establishing that 1 is a terminal object, one counts the maps whose domain is 1, 1 → X , the answer gives us valuable information about X . A similar remark is valid about products. Mapping into a product B 1 × B 2 is trivial in the sense that the maps X → B 1 × B 2 are precisely determined by the pairs of maps X → B 1 , X → B 2 which we could study without having the product. However, specifying a map B 1 × B 2 → X usually cannot be reduced to anything happening on B 1 and B 2 separately, since each of its values results from a specific ‘interaction’ of the two factors. Binary operations and actions In this session we will study two important cases of mapping a product to an object. The first case is that in which the three objects are the same, i.e. maps B × B → B . Such a map is called a binary operation on the object B . The word ‘binary’ in this definition refers to the fact that an input of the map consists of two elements of B .
Factors Influencing Student Gains from Undergraduate Research Experiences at a Hispanic-Serving Institution

Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) confer many benefits to students, including improved self-confidence, better communication skills, and an increased likelihood of pursuing science careers. Additionally, UREs may be particularly important for racial/ethnic minority students who are underrepresented in the science workforce. We examined factors hypothetically relevant to underrepresented minority student gains from UREs at a Hispanic-serving institution, such as mentoring quality, family income, being Latino/a, and caring for dependents. Data came from a 2013 survey of University of Texas at El Paso students engaged in 10 URE programs (n = 227). Using generalized linear models (GzLMs) and adjusting for known covariates, we found that students who reported receiving higher-quality mentorship, spending more hours caring for dependents, and receiving more programmatic resources experienced significantly greater gains from their URE in all three areas we examined (i.e., thinking and working like a scientist, personal gains, and gains in skills). In two of three areas, duration of the URE was positive and significant. Being Latino/a was positive and significant only in the model predicting personal gains. Across the three models, quality of mentorship was the most important correlate of gains. This suggests that providing training to faculty mentors involved in UREs may improve student outcomes and increase program efficacy.
A new signaling technique for a low power on-chip SerDes transceivers

This paper represents a new self timed signaling technique for low power SerDes transceiver. A three level coding technique enables extracting the clock from the data using simple phase detector rather than using complex power hungry blocks such as Clock Data Recovery (CDR) or a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). This SerDes transceiver was implemented using 90nm TSMC technology. The transmitter serializes 8 parallel bits at 1.125GHz, and multiplexes the 10Gbps serial data stream with a 20GHz clock on a single line using three level signaling. The total power consumed in the Tx/Rx pair with the transmission line is 15 mWatt, which is very small as compared to other conventional architectures.
Amitriptyline Dose and Treatment Outcomes in Specialty Headache Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective To characterize treatment patterns and real world outcomes in headache patients treated with amitriptyline in an academic headache center. Design and methods A retrospective chart review identified 178 patients in our center who were given a new prescription for amitriptyline in treatment of headache, and who were seen in follow-up within one year. Charts were reviewed to identify dosing patterns (initial and maximum dose) and persistence, patient-reported headache benefit, and reported side effects. Variables assessed in relation to medication use were comorbid psychiatric disease, headache characteristics, and prior use of a preventive medication. Results We followed patients for an average of 6.5 months. Initial and maximum prescribed amitriptyline doses were characterized as: “very low” (≤10 mg daily), “low” (11–25 mg daily), and “traditional” (≥25 mg daily). The initial dose of amitriptyline ranged from 2.5 to 50 mg daily, though most patients were started on a dose of 10 mg daily (112/178, 63%). Approximately 3/4 of the patients were found to have improvement (134/178) and 85% (129/151) were still taking amitriptyline at the last follow-up appointment. Maximum dosing ranged from 2.5 to 100 mg daily with most patients taking 10–25 mg (86/146, 58%). The most commonly reported adverse effect was daytime fatigue (17/151, 11%). There did not appear to be any effect from gender, ethnicity, race, diagnosis of sleep apnea, chronicity of migraine, presence of aura on our outcome measures. Conclusion Our study supports the common clinical practice of using low doses of amitriptyline to treat chronic headache disorders and suggests that it was effective and well tolerated at doses lower than those used in many clinical trials. Use of low dosage amitriptyline may also improve medication persistence, an important clinical consideration in the management of this common and chronic condition. A subgroup of patients may experience a dramatic benefit from amitriptyline and this could warrant further investigation.
Policy Analysis in Matching Markets

Abstract Price and quantity interventions intended to affect assignments are common in many labor and education markets (e.g., financial aid, quotas). This article discusses an empirical framework, based on the theory of stable matching, that is suitable for policy analysis while accounting for the presence of equilibrium sorting. It then compares financial incentives and supply interventions for encouraging the training of family medicine residents in rural America. Due to equilibrium effects, the primary effect of financial incentives is to increase the quality, not numbers, of residents in rural programs, while quantity regulations directly affect numbers without adversely affecting quality.
Seeing the other in cinema: interreligious connections through the senses

AbstractThis article asks about the processes of ‘seeing the other’ using the medium of cinema. Films discussed include Baraka, West Bank Story, Eve and the Fire Horse, and Babette’s Feast. Each de...
The matrix cover polynomial

The cover polynomial C(D) = C(D;x, y) of a digraph D is a twovariable polynomial whose coefficients are determined by the number of vertex coverings of D by directed paths and cycles. Just as for the Tutte polynomial for undirected graphs (cf. [11, 16]), various properties of D can be read off from the values of C(D;x, y). For example, for an n-vertex digraph D, C(D; 1, 0) is the number of Hamiltonian paths in D, C(D; 0, 1) is the permanent of adjacency matrix of D, and C(D; 0,−1) is (−1)n times the determinant of the adjacency matrix of D. In this paper, we extend these ideas to a much more general setting, namely, to matrices with elements taken from an arbitrary commutative ring with identity. In particular, we establish a reciprocity theorem for this generalization, as well as establishing a symmetric function version of the new polynomial, similar in spirit to Stanley’s symmetric function generalization [13] of the chromatic polynomial of a graph, and Tim Chow’s symmetric function generalization [5] of the usual cover polynomial. We also show that all of the generalized polynomials and symmetric functions can also be obtained by a deletion/contraction process.
Accentuated Eccentric Loading for Training and Performance: A Review

Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) prescribes eccentric load magnitude in excess of the concentric prescription using movements that require coupled eccentric and concentric actions, with minimal interruption to natural mechanics. This method has been theorized to potentiate concentric performance through higher eccentric loading and, thus, higher concentric force production. There is also evidence for favorable chronic adaptations, namely shifts to faster myosin heavy chain isoforms and changes in IIx-specific muscle cross-sectional area. However, research concerning the acute and chronic responses to AEL is inconclusive, likely due to inconsistencies in subjects, exercise selection, load prescription, and method of providing AEL. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize: (1) the magnitudes and methods of AEL application; (2) the acute and chronic implications of AEL as a means to enhance force production; (3) the potential mechanisms by which AEL enhances acute and chronic performance; and (4) the limitations of current research and the potential for future study.
Automata-Based Stream Processing

We propose an automata-theoretic framework for modularly expressing computations on streams of data. With weighted automata as a starting point, we identify three key features that are useful for an automaton model for stream processing: expressing the regular decomposition of streams whose data items are elements of a complex type (e.g., tuple of values), allowing the hierarchical nesting of several different kinds of aggregations, and specifying modularly the parallel execution and combination of various subcomputations. The combination of these features leads to subtle efficiency considerations that concern the interaction between nondeterminism, hierarchical nesting, and parallelism. We identify a syntactic restriction where the nondeterminism is unambiguous and parallel subcomputations synchronize their outputs. For automata satisfying these restrictions, we show that there is a space- and time-efficient streaming evaluation algorithm. We also prove that when these restrictions are relaxed, the evaluation problem becomes inherently computationally expensive.
Artificial Intelligence Approach for Variant Reporting.

PurposeNext-generation sequencing technologies are actively applied in clinical oncology. Bioinformatics pipeline analysis is an integral part of this process; however, humans cannot yet realize the full potential of the highly complex pipeline output. As a result, the decision to include a variant in the final report during routine clinical sign-out remains challenging.MethodsWe used an artificial intelligence approach to capture the collective clinical sign-out experience of six board-certified molecular pathologists to build and validate a decision support tool for variant reporting. We extracted all reviewed and reported variants from our clinical database and tested several machine learning models. We used 10-fold cross-validation for our variant call prediction model, which derives a contiguous prediction score from 0 to 1 (no to yes) for clinical reporting.ResultsFor each of the 19,594 initial training variants, our pipeline generates approximately 500 features, which results in a matrix of > 9 mil...
Is Dihydropteridine Reductase an Anomalous Dihydrofolate Reductase, a Flavin-Like Enzyme, or a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase?

Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR, EC 1.6.99.10) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, EC 1.5.1.3) both employ a reduced dinucleotide cofactor to convert a dihydro pteridine substrate to a tetrahydropteridine product. In the former case the substrate has a quinonoid dihydro structure whereas in the latter the 7,8-dihydro form is the substrate. The quinonoid form resembles a flavin molecule and the enzymatic mechanism of reduction has common features to this latter class of compound. Additionally, DHPR contains a specific Tyr XXX Lys motif in its sequence that allows comparison with a class of short chain dehydrogenases.1 The relationship of DHPR to these differing enzymatic types is illustrated briefly in the following discussion.
Design and Parametric Study of Microfluidic Cooling Manifold for 2.5D-SICs with Dielectric Coolant

2.5 dimensional stacked integrated circuits (2.5D-SICs) with through-silicon vias (TSVs), as next generation silicon technologies, are promising to go beyond Moore’s law for compact, high-performance, energy-efficient microsystems. 2.5D-SICs with closely placed heterogeneous dies are considered a first step towards full 3D integration. In this paper, a novel micro-channel dielectric coolant manifold for 2.5D-SICs with multiple high-power dies, has been investigated. Five active dies are modeled with power maps of one 50 W, $25~ {\text {mm}} \times 25~{\mathrm {mm}}$ field programmable gate array (FPGA), and four high heat flux transceivers (30 W/each, $6~ {\text {mm}}\times 6~$ mm/each). In order to provide thermal management to this heterogeneous chip system, micro-fin-bridges and micro-pins have been implemented in the manifold. In addition, all dies have been immersed in the micro-channel with dielectric coolant to isolate the thermal interaction between dies. Effects of chips’ placement, dimensions of micro-fin-bridges and micro-pins, and dielectric coolant supply and removal locations within the manifold on pressure drop and heat transfer have been parametrically studied by full-scale computational fluid mechanics/heat transfer simulations.
Toroidal variation of the strike point in DIII-D

Abstract We report measurements of a+/− 5 mm toroidal variation of the outer strike point radial position using an array of three identical Langmuir probes distributed at 90° intervals around the torus (90°, 180°, 270°). The strike point radial location is determined from the profiles of floating potential (Vf) measured by the three 6 mm diameter domed Langmuir probes as the strike point is swept radially on a horizontal tile surface just outside of the upper small angle slot (SAS1) divertor. Based on the three probe measurements, the strike point variation is consistent with previous error field measurements by Schaffer [1] , [2] and estimates by Luxon [3] which indicated the strike point error could appear as an n = 1 radial variation of 4.5 mm at the outer mid plane and thus could be effectively described with a three point measurement. The results are also consistent with field line tracing calculations using the MAFOT code [4] . The small angle slot (SAS1) divertor performance is particularly sensitive to a misalignment with the divertor plasma since enhanced neutral confinement and recycling in the slot and distribution of neutrals along the slot surfaces are important for achieving divertor detachment at the lowest possible core plasma separatrix density. These strike point measurements are discussed with regard to the slot divertor alignment.
Geometry based synthesis of planar compliances with redundant mechanisms having five compliant components

Abstract In this paper, a geometric approach to the passive realization of any planar compliance with a redundant compliant mechanism is presented. The mechanisms considered are either simple serial mechanisms consisting of five elastic joints or simple parallel mechanisms consisting of five springs. For each type of mechanism, realization conditions to achieve a given compliance are derived. The physical significance of each condition is identified and graphically interpreted. Geometry based synthesis procedures to achieve any given compliance are developed for both types of mechanisms. Since each realization condition imposes restrictions solely on the mechanism geometry, the procedures allow one to choose the geometric properties of each component (from a set of admissible options) independently from the selection of the elastic properties of each component.
The biology of bone grafts

The clinical outcome of bone grafting procedures depends on many factors, including type and fixation of the bone graft as well as the site and status of the host bed. Bone grafts serve one or both of two main functions, as a source of osteogenesis and as a mechanical support. Autografts, both cancellous and cortical, are implanted fresh, provide a source of osteoprogenitor cells, and are osteoinductive. The latter is a process whereby the transplanted tissue induces mesenchymal cells of the recipient to differentiate into osteoblastic cells. Cortical grafts, whether autogeneic or allogeneic, at least initially act as weight-bearing space fillers. All bone grafts are initially resorbed; cancellous grafts are completely replaced in time by creeping substitution, whereas cortical grafts remain an admixture of necrotic and viable bone for a prolonged period of time. The three-dimensional framework that supports invasion of the bone grafts by capillaries and osteoprogenitor cells, termed "osteoconduction", is another important function of both autografts and allografts. Because fresh allographs evoke both local and systemic immune responses that diminish or destroy the osteoinductive and conductive processes, freezing or freeze-drying of allografts is used clinically to improve incorporation. Graft incorporation is also influenced by the vascularity and composition of the host bed. Thus, the interaction of the host and the bone graft determines the success of these procedures, which ultimately is to provide a mechanically efficient support structure.
Climate Policies as Water Policies

This study uses an updated version of the U.S. Agricultural Resource Model (USARM)—a multi-region U.S. agricultural sector programming model—to examine effects of climate change mitigation policies on U.S. water resources. One scenario considers effects of increasing prices of energy and energy-intensive inputs (primarily fertilizers) through a carbon tax or cap-and-trade program. A second scenario combines the first scenario with an agricultural offset program where farmers are paid to retire cropland for carbon sequestration. The consequences of climate mitigation policies for agricultural water use and pollution control have received relatively little attention in part because—unlike USARM—many national agricultural sector models do not explicitly include water as an input. USARM also allows for input substitution among seven inputs in a CES framework, while accounting for all major crops as well most specialty crops, federal commodity programs, and crop exports. Major results are as follows. First, climate mitigation policies have scope to significantly reduce agricultural water use. Whether domestic offsets are included has little effect on the total amount of water conserved, but has a large effect on which parts of the country the conservation takes place. Second, either carbon taxes or cap-and-trade combined with domestic offsets combines two policies often modeled as potential solutions to the hypoxic “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico—increased fertilizer prices and land retirement. Climate policies may have unanticipated, near-term, environmental benefits by addressing the hypoxia problem. Third, while domestic offsets reduce total fertilizer and agricultural chemical use, they increase their use per acre. Particularly in watersheds with significant land retirement, there could be unintended intensive margin effects where fertilizer and chemical use are increased. Despite this last, cautionary finding, a key insight into decision makers is that climate policies can have unanticipated, near-term benefits of water pollution control and water conservation that could be included in benefit-cost analyses of climate policy proposals.
FRET-based sensor for CaMKII activity (FRESCA): A useful tool for assessing CaMKII activity in response to Ca2+ oscillations in live cells.

Ca2+ oscillations and consequent Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation are required for embryogenesis, as well as neuronal, immunological, and cardiac signaling. Fertilization directly results in Ca2+ oscillations, but the resultant pattern of CaMKII activity remains largely unclear. To address this gap, we first employed the one existing biosensor for CaMKII activation. This sensor, Camui, comprises CaMKIIα and therefore solely reports on the activation of this CaMKII variant. Additionally, to detect the activity of all endogenous CaMKII variants simultaneously, we constructed a substrate-based sensor for CaMKII activity, FRESCA ( FRE T-based s ensor for C aMKII a ctivity). To examine the differential responses of the Camui and FRESCA sensors, we used several approaches to stimulate Ca2+ release in mouse eggs, including addition of phospholipase Cζ cRNA, which mimics natural fertilization. We found that the Camui response is delayed or terminates earlier than the FRESCA response. FRESCA enables assessment of endogenous CaMKII activity in real-time by both fertilization and artificial reagents, such as Sr2+, which also leads to CaMKII activation. FRESCA's broad utility will be important for optimizing artificial CaMKII activation for clinical use to manage infertility. Moreover, FRESCA provides a new view on CaMKII activity, and its application in additional biological systems may reveal new signaling paradigms in eggs, as well as in neurons, cardiomyocytes, immune cells, and other CaMKII-expressing cells.
Understanding the role of calcium-mediated cell death in high-frequency irreversible electroporation

Abstract High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is an emerging electroporation-based therapy used to ablate cancerous tissue. Treatment consists of delivering short, bipolar pulses (1–10 μs) in a series of 80–100 bursts (1 burst/s, 100 μs on-time). Reducing pulse duration leads to reduced treatment volumes compared to traditional IRE, therefore larger voltages must be applied to generate ablations comparable in size. We show that adjuvant calcium enhances ablation area in vitro for H-FIRE treatments of several pulse durations (1, 2, 5, 10 μs). Furthermore, H-FIRE treatment using 10 μs pulses delivered with 1 mM CaCl2 results in cell death thresholds (771 ± 129 V/cm) comparable to IRE thresholds without calcium (698 ± 103 V/cm). Quantifying the reversible electroporation threshold revealed that CaCl2 enhances the permeabilization of cells compared to a NaCl control. Gene expression analysis determined that CaCl2 upregulates expression of eIFB5 and 60S ribosomal subunit genes while downregulating NOX1/4, leading to increased signaling in pathways that may cause necroptosis. The opposite was found for control treatment without CaCl2 suggesting cells experience an increase in pro survival signaling. Our study is the first to identify key genes and signaling pathways responsible for differences in cell response to H-FIRE treatment with and without calcium.
International new venture performance: Role of international entrepreneurial culture, ambidextrous innovation, and dynamic marketing capabilities

Abstract International new ventures (INVs) contend with environmental dynamism in global markets, compelling firms to enhance their innovation and marketing capabilities. While the INV literature is growing, it is not informative as to how INVs develop and utilize dynamic capabilities to overcome resource-constraints to enhance performance. We utilize the concept of international entrepreneurship culture (IEC) to better understand how INVs advance innovation and dynamic marketing capabilities to succeed in their internationalization activities. Building on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV), we empirically examine the relationships among IEC, ambidextrous innovation, dynamic marketing capabilities, and INV performance under varying levels environmental dynamism. The findings highlight that IEC influences both ambidextrous innovation and dynamic marketing capabilities; and, together, these link to INV performance gains. Furthermore, this research finds support for the mediating effects of ambidextrous innovation and dynamic marketing capabilities in the IEC – INV performance relationship. Additionally, the results indicate an international entrepreneurial culture is of greater significance in developing ambidextrous innovation when environmental dynamism is present. The study context is a sample of 286 high-technology INVs from India, a large and dynamic emerging market.
Ultrasonic Texture Analysis Identifies Cardiac Microstructural Alterations in Immune-Inflammatory Disease

ABSTRACT Background Echocardiographic texture analysis using the signal intensity coefficient (SIC) can identify fibrosis-associated microstructural changes. This approach has not been tested in immune-inflammatory disease states such as myocarditis or transplant rejection. Methods Retrospective pilot analysis using the SIC was performed in populations including myocarditis (n=5), acute left anterior descending coronary artery STEMI (n=6), severe aortic stenosis with normal ejection fraction (n=7), ATTR amyloidosis (n=6), and cardiac transplant patients undergoing biopsy including patients with active rejection on histopathology (n=22), patients with history of rejection but no current rejection (n=15), and patients without history of or current rejection (n=5), and a healthy control group (n=28). Results Decreased SIC was noted in the myocarditis and transplant rejection populations, with decreasing SIC by presence and history of rejection. Consistent with prior literature, the SIC was elevated in cardiac conditions associated with fibrosis. Conclusions The SIC may be able to capture microstructural changes associated with immune-inflammatory processes such as cardiac transplant rejection and myocarditis.
Predictors of patient satisfaction and outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Background Objective clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction via patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can vary following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The purpose of this study was to analyze patient specific preoperative factors that may predict postoperative PROMs and satisfaction following rTSA. Method Prospective data was collected on 144 consecutive patients who underwent primary rTSA at our institution between 2012 and 2018, all with minimum 2 year follow-up. Age, gender, race, BMI, previous surgery on the index shoulder, and comorbidity burden were analyzed as potential predictors. Shoulder specific clinical measures were collected both pre- and postoperatively via range of motion testing with active abduction, internal, and external rotation. PROMs included global shoulder function, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scoring systems, and cumulative patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis included comparison of pre- and postoperative outcome measures across the cohort as a whole and between each of the potential predictors in question. The relationship between predictors and postoperative cumulative satisfaction was investigated, with specific attention to identify the strongest predictors and account for confounding variables. Statistical significance was determined at P Results All range of motion scores and PROMs were significantly improved from preoperative to postoperative assessment. Patient satisfaction was excellent with 92% rating their shoulder as “much better” or “better.” Women and minority patients displayed significantly worse preoperative active abduction, SST, and ASES, but were found to have no significant difference in these measures postoperatively. Younger age was associated with a significantly worse postoperative ASES score. Female sex was associated with significantly higher postoperative satisfaction, while minority status was associated with significantly lower cumulative satisfaction. Postoperative global shoulder function, SST, and ASES were not significantly influenced by sex, race, previous surgery, BMI, or comorbidity burden. Postoperative ASES and global shoulder function demonstrated to be independent predictors of “much better” satisfaction rating. Conclusion Postoperative PROMs and cumulative satisfaction are not influenced by BMI, previous surgery, or comorbidity burden in our cohort. Relative to their respective counterparts, older patients, females, and white patients are more likely to demonstrate higher satisfaction with their outcome following rTSA as measured by PROMs or cumulative satisfaction. Improvements in the ASES and global shoulder function scores most consistently predict higher postoperative satisfaction. Level of evidence Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a platelet collagen-responsive GPCR and hemostatic sensor of shear force.

Circulating platelets roll along exposed collagen at vessel injury sites and respond with filipodia protrusion, shape change, and surface area expansion to facilitate platelet adhesion and plug formation. Various glycoproteins were considered to be both collagen responders and mediators of platelet adhesion, yet the signaling kinetics emanating from these receptors do not fully account for the rapid platelet cytoskeletal changes that occur in blood flow. We found the free N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR56 in human plasma and report that GPR56 is the platelet receptor that transduces signals from collagen and blood flow-induced shear force to activate G protein 13 signaling for platelet shape change. Gpr56−/− mice have prolonged bleeding, defective platelet plug formation, and delayed thrombotic occlusion. Human and mouse blood perfusion studies demonstrated GPR56 and shear-force dependence of platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen. Our work places GPR56 as an initial collagen responder and shear-force transducer that is essential for platelet shape change during hemostasis.
4D-Printable Liquid Metal-Liquid Crystal Elastomer Composites.

Soft actuators that undergo programmable shape change in response to a stimulus are enabling components of future soft robots and other soft machines. Strategies to power these actuators often require the incorporation of rigid, electrically conductive materials into the soft actuator, thus limiting the compliance and shape change of the material. In this study, we develop a 4D-printable composite composed of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) matrix with dispersed droplets of eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn). Using deformable EGaIn droplets in place of rigid conductive fillers preserves the compliance and shape-morphing properties of the LCE. The process enables 4D-printed LCE actuators capable of photothermal and electrothermal actuation. At low liquid metal (LM) concentrations (71 wt %), the composite actuator exhibits a photothermal response upon irradiation of near-IR light. Printed actuators with a twisted nematic configuration are capable of bending angles of 150° at 800 mW cm-2. At higher LM concentrations (88 wt %), the embedded LM droplets can form percolating networks that conduct electricity and enable electrical Joule heating of the LCE. Actuation strain ranging from 5 to 12% is controlled by the amount of electrical power that is delivered to the composite. We also introduce a method for multimaterial printing of monolithic structures where the LM filler loading is spatially varied. These multifunctional materials exhibit innate responsivity where the actuator behaves as an electrical switch and can report one of two states (on/off). These multiresponsive, 4D-printable composites enable multifunctional, mechanically active structures that can be powered with IR light or low DC voltages.
Screening Competition under Flexible Information Acquisition

This paper studies screening competition under flexible information acquisition and its interaction with price competition. Multiple homogeneous buyers play a game where they simultaneously design independent exams with pre-specified information limit on a binary-type seller. Once observing own exam's outcome, a buyer may choose to bid for the object. This paper shows that under general assumptions on information cost, binary-signal symmetric equilibrium exists and must be supported by mixed strategies. Moreover, equilibrium is inefficient and on average buyers over-reject the seller. Price regulation may help restore efficiency.
A novel missense mutation of the NAT10 gene in a juvenile Schnauzer dog with chronic respiratory tract infections.

An 18-month-old intact male Schnauzer dog was evaluated for chronic, lifelong respiratory tract infections that were unresponsive to administration of a variety of antibiotics and corticosteroids. The dog developed persistent vomiting and diarrhea around 1 year of age that was minimally responsive to diet change, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. Despite supportive care, the dog was ultimately euthanized at 20 months of age due to persistent respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. Whole genome sequencing discovered a deleterious missense A/C mutation within the NAT10 gene, a gene essential for microtubule acetylation, appropriate ciliary development, and cytokinesis. Pipeline analysis of the genomes of 579 dogs from 55 breeds did not detect this mutation. Though never described in veterinary medicine, NAT10 mutation occurs in humans with ciliary aplasia, suggesting a pathophysiological mechanism for this dog and highlighting an associated mutation or possible novel genetic cause of chronic respiratory infections in dogs.
Combating the OS-Level Malware in Mobile Devices by Leveraging Isolation and Steganography.

Detecting the OS-level malware (e.g., rootkit) is an especially challenging problem, as this type of malware can compromise the OS, and can then easily hide their intrusion behaviors or directly subvert the traditional malware detectors running in either the user or the kernel space. In this work, we propose mobiDOM to solve this problem for mobile computing devices. The key idea of mobiDOM is to securely detect the OS-level malware by fully utilizing the existing secure features of a mobile device in the hardware. Specifically, we integrate a malware detector in the flash translation layer (FTL), a firmware layer embedded into the external flash storage which is inaccessible to the OS; in addition, we build a trusted application in the Arm TrustZone secure world, which acts as a user-level controller of the malware detector. The FTL-based malware detector and the TrustZone-based controller communicate with each other stealthily via steganography. Security analysis and experimental evaluation confirm that mobiDOM can securely and effectively detect the OS-level malware.
Dynamic Balance in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Relationship between Strength and Performance of Forward Lunge, Step Up and Over, and Step Quick Turn.

Introduction Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to progressive weakness of bulbar and extremity muscles. Dynamic balance during functional tasks has not been reported in people with SBMA. Objectives (1) To evaluate the ability to safely complete a forward lunge (FL), step quick turn (SQT), and step up and over (SUO), (2) to determine the presence and severity of dynamic balance impairments by comparing performance to normative data, and (3) to investigate the relationship between lower extremity strength and ability to complete each task. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Participants. Fifty-three people with SBMA were included in a cross-sectional analysis. Normative datasets provided by the NeuroCom manufacturer and isometric strength literature facilitated patient comparisons. Outcome Measures. Force plate-based dynamic balance measures included FL (distance, impact index, contact time, and force impulse), SQT (turn time and turn sway), and SUO (lift up index, movement time, and impact index). Maximal isometric contractions of knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and hip extensors were measured with fixed frame dynamometry. Results The most difficult test, per completion rate, was SUO (52%), followed by FL (57%) and SQT (65%). t-tests revealed significant abnormalities in eight of nine balance variables (p < 0.05) accompanied by large Cohen's D effect sizes ≥ 0.8. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed knee extensor (SUO 95% CI =0.78-1.00, SQT 95% CI =0.64-0.92) and ankle plantar flexor strength (SUO 95%CI = 0.75-0.99, SQT 95%CI = 0.64 - 0.92) significantly discriminated the ability to perform SUO and SQT tests with acceptable to excellent areas under the curve. Conclusions Considerable dynamic balance abnormalities were observed. Lower extremity strength helps explain low test completion rates. Patients modified task movement patterns, enabling safe task performance. Study results can help direct patient care and future protocol design for people with SBMA.
Complicity with the neocolonial project in education: A deconstruction of student affairs preparation practices

Student affairs scholars have yet to explore neocolonialism. Scholars within the field rely on the foundational documents of the profession to guide policy and practice, without interrogating the widespread history of the colonial project. However, neocolonialism involves forces of domination and control through social, political, economic, and educational discourses, policies, and practices. This dissertation explores practices within one student affairs preparation classroom through a cultural historical activity theory framework (CHAT). Then, these practices are compared to standards for student affairs preparation programs to link the practices in the local classroom to the field at large. Finally, practices are deconstructed through a postcolonial lens to challenge the status quo of domination and control and offer a new understanding of preparation practices. The findings suggest that student affairs preparation instructors and leaders are complicit with the neocolonial project in higher education. The CHAT analysis resulted in a description of three cultural rules and a division of labor in the classroom. First, students participating in this study described how learning content objectively was central to their classroom experiences. Further, they described a number of ways that their behavior was controlled in the classroom. Additionally, my analysis raised questions about the students’ and instructors’ silence on the racial dynamics of the classroom. Finally, roles of the instructor as organizer and evaluator and the students as followers emerged. In order to be truly inclusive and welcoming to a diverse body of students in student affairs preparation, programs need to embrace multiple subjugated ways of knowing and being in the classroom and challenge the status quo of knowledge production and expected classroom behavior. This study offers a vision of a liberatory, validating student affairs
Failure to Warn: Facing Up to the Real Impact of Pharmaceutical Marketing on the Physician's Decision to Prescribe

Pharmaceutical side effects cause more than 100,000 deaths per year. Because pharmaceuticals pose serious risks, the Food and Drug Administration carefully vets the written warnings that physicians receive about each drug. But alongside these official warnings, attractive pharmaceutical representatives offer slick sales pitches in what amounts to a billion-dollar campaign aimed at influencing the physician’s judgment. Pharmaceutical representatives are known to downplay the package insert’s warnings. Based on social science research, the marketing operates at a subconscious level, so targeted physicians are often unaware of its surreptitious effects. Nonetheless, pharmaceutical company defendants in failure-to-warn lawsuits can often obtain summary judgment based purely on the package insert, while the pervasive — and effective — warning-diluting marketing information is ignored.This article proposes that the failure-to-warn inquiry face up to pharmaceutical marketing’s potent role in many prescribing decisions. Courts assessing a warning’s adequacy cannot stop at the package insert but must consider the warning-diluting marketing information as well. And when causation is the question, the physician’s testimony should not be conclusive as to the marketing information’s effects. Failure-to-warn jurisprudence should stop relying on empty paper compliance and recognize present-day pharmaceutical marketing as a compelling and driving force in the decision to prescribe.
The Durham Statement on Open Access One Year Later: Preservation and Access to Legal Scholarship

The Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship calls for US law schools to stop publishing their journals in print format and to rely instead on electronic publication with a commitment to keep the electronic versions available in “stable, open, digital formats.” The Statement asks for two things: 1) open access publication of law school-published journals; and 2) an end to print publication of law journals. This paper was written as background for a July 2010 American Association of Law Libraries conference program on the preservation implications of the call to end print publication.