cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Author gender metadata augmentation of hathitrust digital library

Bibliographic metadata is essential for digital library resource description. Especially as the size and number of bibliographic entities grows, high-quality metadata enables richer forms of digital library access, search, and use. Metadata records can be enriched through automated techniques. For example, a digital humanities scholar might use the gender of a set of authors during their literature analysis. In this study, we undertook to enrich the metadata description of a large-scale digital library, the HathiTrust (HT) digital library, specifically by determining the gender of authors of the public domain portion of the collection. The results are stored to a separate Solr index accessible through the HathiTrust Research Center services. This study, which successfully resolved in 78.9% of the cases the gender of authors in the HT public domain corpus, suggests future research directions in capturing and representing the provenance of the contributing sources to enhance trust, and in machine learning to resolve the remaining names.
Role of folate binding proteins in folate metabolism.

The essential role of folates in cellular biochemistry is well established, but the nature of the participation by folate-binding proteins has been disputed. This review will define folate-binding proteins and distinguish them from low-affinity, nonspecific folate binders and folate- dependent intracellular enzymes. We outline changes in plasma folate-binding proteins in various clinical states, review their postulated functions, detail the biochemistry of mammalian soluble folate-binding proteins and their membrane-bound immunologically cross-reactive possible precursors, and present evidence that the latter proteins may function as the physiologic folate receptors and intracellular regulators of folate coenzyme availability.
Soft typing: an approach to type checking for dynamically typed languages

In an effort to avoid improper use of program functions, modern programming languages employ some kind of preventative type system. These type systems can be classified as either static or dynamic. Static type systems detect "ill-typed" program phrases at compile-time, whereas dynamic type systems detect "ill-typed" phrases at run-time. Static typing systems have two important advantages over dynamically typed systems: First, they provide important feedback to the programmer by detecting a large class of program errors before execution. Second, they extract information that a compiler can exploit to produce more efficient code. The price paid for these advantages, however, is a loss of expressiveness and modularity. It is easy to prove that a static type system for an "interesting" programming language necessarily excludes some "good" programs. This paper focuses on the problem of designing programming systems that retain the all the expressiveness of dynamic typing, but still offer the early error detection and improved optimization opportunities of static typing. To that end, we introduce a concept called soft typing. The key concept of soft typing is that a type checker need not reject programs containing statically "ill-typed" phrases. Instead, the soft type checker inserts explicit run-time checks. Thus, there are two issues to be addressed in the design of soft typing systems. First, the typing mechanism must provide reasonable feedback to programmers accustomed to dynamically typed-languages. Current static systems fail to satisfy the programmer's intuition about correctness on many programs. Second, a soft typing system must sensibly insert run-time checks (when necessary). This paper develops a type system and checking algorithms that are suitable for soft typing a significant class of programming languages.
Energy Efficient Materials Manufacturing from Secondary Resources

Rare earths metals, including yttrium and scandium, are being increasingly used in clean energy technologies, colored phosphors, lasers and high intensity magnets. There are important defense applications such as fighter jet engines, missile guidance systems and space based satellite and communication systems, based on these metals. The commitment to clean energy technologies by various governments, as well as the projected growth in power and transportation sectors across the globe will certainly escalate the demand for rare earth metals and compounds. This demand implies that to ensure unhindered technological innovation, it is essential to possess secure supply chains for rare earth elements. The United States continues to be one of the largest consumers and importer of rare earths and the trend is expected to continue as the demand increases. In order to ensure secure rare earth supply and attenuate supply-demand imbalances post 2014, it is not only necessary to encourage and support exploration of newer reserves, build a rare earth stockpile, but it is also of utmost importance to look at opportunities to recycle and reuse Rare Earth Elements (REE) from secondary sources, such as post-consumer and manufacturing process wastes. This research describes the technological developments made to convert these valuable resources into functional manufactured materials for lighting industry, automotive and petroleum refining catalysts, and high density permanent magnets. In addition, production of rhenium from advanced aerospace alloys is also discussed from the perspective that it can be recovered for introduction in turbine alloys.
Action Refinement in Process Algebras

Preface 1. Introduction 2. A semantic theory based on atomic actions 3. Action refinement for a simple language 4. Action refinement for communicating processes 5. Full abstraction for series-parallel pomsets 6. On relating concurrency and nondeterminism 7. Conclusions Bibliography Index.
On Low Discrepancy Samplings in Product Spaces of Motion Groups

Deterministically generating near-uniform point samplings of the motion groups like SO(3), SE(3) and their n-wise products SO(3) n , SE(3) n is fundamental to numerous applications in computational and data sciences. The natural measure of sampling quality is discrepancy. In this work, our main goal is construct low discrepancy deterministic samplings in product spaces of the motion groups. To this end, we develop a novel strategy (using a two-step discrepancy construction) that leads to an almost exponential improvement in size (from the trivial direct product). To the best of our knowledge, this is the rst nontrivial construction for SO(3) n ; SE(3) n and the hypertorus T n . We also construct new low discrepancy samplings of S 2 and SO(3). The central component in our construction for SO(3) is an explicit construction of N points in S 2 with discrepancy
Evaluation of the Infectivity, Length of Infection, and Immune Response of a Low-Pathogenicity H7N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens

Abstract The H7N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) field isolate (H7N2/chicken/PA/3779-2/97), which caused the 1997–98 AIV outbreak in Pennsylvania, was evaluated for its infectivity, length of infection, and immune response in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The composite findings of three clinical trials with various concentrations of virus indicated that this H7N2 subtype contained minimal pathogenicity for chickens. The concentration of the virus in the inoculum proved critical in the establishment of a productive infection in a chicken. Seven-day-old SPF chickens were not infected when inoculated with 100.7–2.0 mean embryo lethal dose (ELD50) of the H7N2 virus per bird. At this dose level, the immune response to this virus was not detected by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Nonetheless, chickens at ages of 5 and 23 wk old tested were successfully infected when exposed to 104.7–5.7 ELD50 of H7N2 infectious doses per bird by various routes of administration and also by direct co...
Low-multipolarity magnetic transitions in 30Si, 32S, and 34S studied by 180 degrees electron scattering.

Low-multipolarity magnetic transitions of $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, and $^{34}\mathrm{S}$ were studied by 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} inelastic electron scattering at low momentum transfers (q\ensuremath{\sim}0.3\char21{}0.5 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$). These measurements, made in the excitation energy region from 9 to 14 MeV, revealed several previous unreported levels. These are the first low-q results obtained by electron scattering for $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{34}\mathrm{S}$. Multipolarities and transition strengths for all the observed transitions were determined in a model-independent analysis. A large fragmentation of M1 strength is observed in the 4N+2 nuclei $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{34}\mathrm{S}$, while more strength is concentrated into fewer transitions in the self-conjugate nucleus $^{32}\mathrm{S}$. The experimental M1 strength distributions are compared with configuration-mixing shell-model calculations. The sums of the transition strengths are in good agreement with recent shell-model calculations using an effective M1 operator.
Teleological and teleonomic: a new analysis

Teleological language is frequently used in biology in order to make statements about the functions of organs, about physiological processes, and about the behavior and actions of species and individuals. Such language is characterized by the use of the words ‘function’, ‘purpose’, and ‘goal’, as well as by statements that something exists or is done ‘in order to’. Typical statements of this sort are ‘It is one of the functions of the kidneys to eliminate the end products of protein metabolism’, or ‘Birds migrate to warm climates in order to escape the low temperatures and food shortages of winter’. In spite of the long-standing misgivings of physical scientists, philosophers, and logicians, many biologists have continued to insist not only that such teleological statements are objective and free of metaphysical content, but also that they express something important which is lost when teleological language is eliminated from such statements. Recent reviews of the problem in the philosophical literature (Nagel, 1961; Beckner, 1969; Hull, 1973; to cite only a few of a large selection of such publications), concede the legitimacy of some teleological statements but still display considerable divergence of opinion as to the actual meaning of the word ‘teleological’ and the relations between teleology and causality.
Might hyperthyroxinemic states exacerbate bronchial asthma by stimulating the production of leukotrienes C4, D4 or E4?

Abstract Thyrotoxicosis is known to exacerbate bronchial asthma. Leukotrienes C 4 , D 4 and E 4 have the capacity to constrict airway smooth muscle and impair pulmonary compliance. A rationale is hereby suggested whereby thyroid hormones are implicated in the synthesis of leukotrienes C 4 , D 4 and E 4 .
Anthropogenic, Polyhalogenated, Organic Compounds in Non-Migratory Fish from the Niagara River Area and Tributaries to Lake Ontario

Abstract Non-migratory fish from the mouths of tributaries to Lake Ontario and from the Niagara River and its tributaries were analyzed for anthropogenic organic compounds by methane enhanced, negative ion, gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The results indicate that non-migratory fish, sampled at distances of up to 300 km from Niagara Falls, New York, accumulate pollutants originating at a particular hazardous waste site in that city. Several brominated aromatic compounds that apparently come from Rochester, New York, were also identified. A variety of chlorinated pesticides and compounds of industrial origin were found.
Revisiting the Duration of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause: A Meta-Analysis

Background Treatment decisions about menopause are predicated on a transient duration of vasomotor symptoms. However, evidence supporting a specific duration is weak.
Model Predictive Control as an Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The energy management strategy in a hybrid electric vehicle is viewed as an optimal control problem and is solved using Model Predictve Control (MPC). The method is applied to a series hybrid electric vehicle, using a linearized model in state space formulation and a linear MPC algorithm, based on quadratic programming, to find a feasible suboptimal solution. The significance of the results lies in obtaining a real-time implementable control law. The MPC algorithm is applied using a quasi-static simulator developed in the MATLAB environment. The MPC solution is compared with the dynamic programming solution (offline optimization). The dynamic programming algorithm, which requires the entire driving cycle to be known a-priori, guarantees the optimality and is used here as the benchmark solution. The effect of the parameters of the MPC (length of prediction horizon, type of prediction) is also investigated.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Thermal prediction and scheduling of network applications on multicore processors

As processor power density increases, chip/core tempera-ture control becomes critical for building multicore systems. This paper addresses the problem of inter-core thermal coupling and periodic thermal variation while executing multi-threaded network applications in a multicore archi-tecture.
A world larger than formative and summative

Abstract Patton continues the debate by identifying three arenas of evaluation practice in which the formative/summative dichotomy appears limited: knowledge-generating evaluations aimed at conceptual rather than instrumental use; developmental evaluation; and use of evaluation processes to support interventions or empower participants. In so doing, the essence of “evaluation” is more broadly defined, and the impact of harsh criticism on the listener is demonstrated through personal example.
Solutions for diffuse optical tomography using the Feynman-Kac formula and interacting particle method

In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the forward and inverse problems in diffuse optical tomography. Our forward solution is based on the diffusion approximation equation and is constructed using the Feynman-Kac formula with an interacting particle method. It can be implemented using Monte-Carlo (MC) method and thus provides great flexibility in modeling complex geometries. But different from conventional MC approaches, it uses excursions of the photons' random walks and produces a transfer kernel so that only one round of MC-based forward simulation (using an arbitrarily known optical distribution) is required in order to get observations associated with different optical distributions. Based on these properties, we develop a perturbation-based method to solve the inverse problem in a discretized parameter space. We validate our methods using simulated 2D examples. We compare our forward solutions with those obtained using the finite element method and find good consistency. We solve the inverse problem using the maximum likelihood method with a greedy optimization approach. Numerical results show that if we start from multiple initial points in a constrained searching space, our method can locate the abnormality correctly.
Evaluation of an internal cyclotron target for the production of 211At via the 209Bi (α,2n)211At reaction

Abstract Astatine-211 is a 7.2 h half-life α-emitting radionuclide which has shown great promise for targeted radiotherapy. It is generally produced by cyclotron bombardment of bismuth metal targets with 28 MeV α-particles via the 209 Bi(α,2n) 211 At reaction. In order to provide 211 At activity levels anticipated for clinical investigations, an internal target system has been designed and evaluated. The system has a grazing-angle configuration and leading- and trailing-edge monitors. Both aluminum and copper target backings were evaluated. With approx. 28MeV α-particles, the 211 At production efficiency was 41 ± 7 MBq/ μ A·h, compared with 10.6 ± 1.2 MBq/ μ A·h for an external target. Radionuclidic purity of 211 At was high with no evidence of 210 At.
Semiclassical implementation of the mapping Hamiltonian approach for nonadiabatic dynamics using focused initial distribution sampling

A new semiclassical approach to implementing the mapping Hamiltonian formulation of nonadiabatic dynamics is presented. The approach involves using initial distributions of mapping oscillator variables that focus the sampling in such a way as to recover individual trajectory motion over the occupied state potential surface. The usual semiclassical implementation of the mapping Hamiltonian approach only recovers this feature after ensemble averaging. We test the approach on several model problems and show that it converges with very few trajectories compared to the usual approach.
Noisy estimation of simultaneously structured models: Limitations of convex relaxation

Models or signals exhibiting low dimensional behavior (e.g., sparse signals, low rank matrices) play an important role in signal processing and system identification. In this paper, we focus on models that have multiple structures simultaneously; e.g., matrices that are both low rank and sparse, arising in phase retrieval, quadratic compressed sensing, and cluster detection in social networks. We consider the estimation of such models from observations corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. We provide tight upper and lower bounds on the mean squared error (MSE) of a convex denoising program that uses a combination of regularizers to induce multiple structures. In the case of low rank and sparse matrices, we quantify the gap between the MSE of the convex program and the best achievable error, and we present a simple (nonconvex) thresholding algorithm that outperforms its convex counterpart and achieves almost optimal MSE. This paper extends prior work on a different but related problem: recovering simultaneously structured models from noiseless compressed measurements, where bounds on the number of required measurements were given. The present work shows a similar fundamental limitation exists in a statistical denoising setting.
The electrocardiogram, vectorcardiogram, and ventricular gradient in the tetralogy of Fallot.

The electrocardiogram, ventricular gradient, and spatial vectorcardiogram were studied in 140 patients with proved tetralogy of Fallot. The patients were separated into three groups according to hemodynamic data. The salient features of the electrocardiogram in patients of group I consisted of diminutive R waves in leads I and V 6 , a deep Q wave and high R wave in lead III, a prominent R wave in lead V 1 , which was not wide, and the absence of Q waves in leads I, V 1 , and V 6 . The electrocardiogram in patients of group II was similar to that of the patients of group I except for the appearance of more signs of left ventricular electric activity and less clock-wise rotation of the heart. The electrocardiogram of the patients of group III was similar to that previously described for ventricular septal defect. Â QRS , Â T , Ĝ, and sVCG reflected the same general trend as the electrocardiograms. The electrophysiologic data presented support clinical observations indicating that the tetralogy of Fallot includes patients with a wide range of hemodynamic differences.
High temperature neutron diffraction study of the formation reaction of bismuth superconductors

High temperature neutron powder diffraction has been used to study the formation of the 110K transition temperature material, Bi{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (2223), both from synthetic reaction mixtures and after partial melting. The results indicate that the 80K transition temperature material, Bi{sub 2}CaSr{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}O{sub x} (2122), is the precursor to the (2223) material. The reaction to form the (2122) occurs rapidly at 860{degree}C, while the conversion of this material to the (2223) is much slower. 4 refs., 3 figs.
Understanding the link: “Homosexuality,” gender identity, and the DSM.

This article reviews the historical and present notions of identity, in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity within counseling. It also discusses the link between the historical pathologizing of homosexuality and gender identity, as well as summarizes the implications of the diagnosis of gender dysphoria (GD) as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (5th ed.; DSM-5). The ethics of maintaining GD in the DSM-5 and future diagnostic manuals is discussed. Finally, a brief explanation of the role of the counselor in working with transgender individuals is given.
Free energy derivatives: A new method for probing the convergence problem in free energy calculations

The convergence behavior of free energy calculations has been explored in more detail than in any previously reported work, using a model system of two neon atoms in a periodic box of water. We find that for thermodynamic integration-type free energy calculations as much as a nanosecond or more molecular dynamics sampling is required to obtain a fully converged value for a single λ point of the integrand. The concept of “free energy derivatives” with respect to the individual parameters of the force field is introduced. This formalism allows the total convergence of the simulation to be deconvoluted into components. A determination of the statistical “sampling ratio” from these simulations indicates that for window-type free energy calculations carried out in a periodic waterbox of typical size at least 0.6 ps of sampling should be performed at each window (0.7 ps if constraint contributions to the free energy are being determined). General methods to estimate and reduce the error in thermodynamic integration and free energy perturbation calculations are discussed. We show that the difficulty in applying such methods is determining a reliable estimate of the correlation length from a short series of data. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CT DOSE: HOW TO MEASURE, HOW TO REDUCE

The fundamental radiation dose parameter in computed tomography (CT) is the CT dose index (CTDI), which is an integral under the radiation dose profile of a single axial scan normalized to the nominal x-ray beam width. It estimates the average dose from a multiple-scan examination and is a directly measurable and standardized quantity. From this information, the dose length product (DLP) is calculated, which estimates the total dose delivered over a specific scan length. Finally, effective dose can be estimated and used to reflect the risk of a non-uniform exposure in terms of a whole-body exposure. To manage dose from CT while maintaining diagnostic image quality, scanner manufacturers have implemented tube current modulation, which may occur angularly around the patient, along the long axis of the patient, or both. Dose reductions of 20 to 50% have been reported using tube current modulation schemes. In the past two decades, the capabilities of CT imaging have expanded tremendously, including narrower image widths, improved temporal and spatial resolution, shorter scan times, and cardiac imaging techniques. Yet, the dose per typical exam (e.g., routine abdominal CT) has decreased by a factor of two or more over the same time period. Therefore, patients should be reassured that the benefits of medically-justified and appropriately-performed CT examinations are associated with radiation doses that continue to decrease as technology continues to evolve.
The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine, a serotonin depletor, on avoidance acquisition, pain sensitivity and related behavior in the rat

p-Chlorophenylalanine, a potent depletor of brain serotonin, produces faster acquisition of a conditioned (active) avoidance response if a low intensity of current is used. This faster acquisition appears to be primarily, and perhaps solely, a result of the drug's action in increasing animals' sensitivity to pain (electric shock). The data suggest that the alteration in pain sensitivity was a result of serotonin depletion in the central nervous system. The compound also resulted in decreased “emotional reactivity” (as measured by a conditioned emotional stimulus) and some decreased spontaneous motor activity. It is possible that the reduced emotional reactivity produced by p-ClPhe could have also contributed to a faster acquisition of the avoidance response. The drug did not affect learning ability as measured by acquisition of a position habit in a simple T-maze (water reinforcement). The decreased “emotional reactivity” and decreased spontaneous motor activity should not be confused with a picture of sedation or tranquilization. p-ClPhe treated animals generally appear quite normal in terms of gross behavior, and might even be somewhat more “irritable” when handled (Koe and Weissman, 1966b) possibly because of an increased sensitivity to touch as well as pain.
Research on Interpolation Algorithm of Three-Links Hybrid Machine Tool

Aiming at the characteristics of structure and control of three-links hybrid machine tool, the interpolation strategy of CNC system is proposed in this paper. Coarse interpolation in workspace and fine interpolation in joint-space are expatiated. The trajectory points are transformed into discrete points by coarse interpolation mapping from workspace to joint-space. At the same time, the plans of trajectory, velocity and acceleration of discrete points in workspace are got, and then joint discrete points are realized by joint fitting smooth function. In order to meet the design demand and enhance effectively interpolation precision, the five polynomial interpolations will be thinning discrete points, and geometric locus will be very smooth.
Strategic Processes in Beginning Reading.

A presentation is given of a strategic-process perspective on the development of reading skills. The approach integrates reading research with developmental findings in cognitive psychology (Brown,...
Effect of deuterium oxide on lipid components of L-5178Y cells.

SummaryA comparison has been made of the relative lipid content of L-5178Y cells grown in conventional medium or in the same medium containing 30% D2O. Cells grown in D2O medium contain more total lipid. The major increases in the lipids of the D2O grown cells are due to increases in the levels of triglycerides and sterol esters. There are very few differences in cellular levels of any of the other lipid fractions. Preliminary isotope experiments indicate that the increased lipid content in the D2O grown cells is due to increased synthesis of lipid.
Use of aminoglycoside adenyltransferase translational fusions to determine topology of thylakoid membrane proteins.

We have developed a system to examine the topology of thylakoid membrane proteins using the bacterial aadA gene as a reporter. Translational fusions that place the aminoglycoside adenyltransferase domain in the stroma should provide high antibiotic resistance, while those that place it in the thylakoid lumen should give rise to low resistance. Genes encoding chimeric polypeptides consisting of AadA fused to varying lengths of the PsaA polypeptide, whose topology is known, were introduced into the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. As expected, chimeras with an even number of α-helices in general resulted in higher resistance. This effect was not due to differences in expression or in catalytic activity. This system should prove useful in analysis of novel proteins predicted to be localized to the thylakoid membrane.
Preparation and Properties of Microsomal Membranes from Isozonal Cells of Beef Adrenal Cortex

The purposes of this study were 1) to devise a method by which microsomal membranes could be prepared from homogeneous glomerulosa or fasciculata-reticularis cell populations from beef adrenals, and 2) to compare these zones with regard to C21-steroid 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, cytochrome P45O, pH maxima and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Results of the study demonstrate that separation of tissues can be achieved by scraping the loosely adherent cortical cells away from the cells which adhere tightly to the capsule with a sharp scalpel. Microscopic examination revealed homogeneous glomerulosa and fasciculata cell populations. Microsomes prepared from cell populations separated in this way revealed the following: glomerulosa cell microsomes had virtually no C21 steroid 17α-hydroxylase activity while fasciculata cell micromes were active in both 17α- and 21-hydroxylation; the maximum activity in the pH range tested for 21-hydro...
Buffer-aware packet scheduling in downlink multiuser systems

In this paper, we consider the design of a scheduling algorithm for downlink multiuser systems with a finite-buffer traffic model to reduce average packet delay, while maintaining the stability condition of the networks. We propose a new Buffer-Aware Adaptive (BAA) scheduler which considers both channel state and buffer conditions for resource allocation. The generalized form of the proposed algorithm is also established. Stability considerations of the proposed algorithm are provided, along with the average throughput lower bound and approximation. Both single-link and system-level simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler appears to outperform existing scheduling algorithms in terms of average packet delay.
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension is not uncommon in the echocardiograms of patients with sickle cell disease. Although a substantial number of these patients may not have symptoms of cardiac dysfunction, mortality is significantly increased compared with patients with sickle cell disease hut without pulmonary hypertension.
ATTIC: a case study of directory-enabled course management

Academic Technology Tools for Instructional Computing (ATTIC) is Drew University's system of shared file space, collaborative groups, discussions, email lists, and Web pages that are automatically configured for every faculty and student, using an industry-standard, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) compliant directory (Novell eDirectory 8.5.) ATTIC services are provided by a heterogeneous environment of NetWare 5.1 and Linux systems and rely on LDAP integration and scripting in Perl, PHP, and Python.ATTIC leverages the ubiquitous computing program at Drew and takes advantage of every faculty member and student having a network account. Standard group objects are used to store information and membership of courses, and are used to control access to space on a NetWare fileserver, and directory-enabled Web interfaces to course data. The emphasis is on automation-nightly updates of registration data are used to update LDAP and filesystem structures nightly without operator intervention, and LDAP-based authentication, access control, and directory information provides a customized interface to students and faculty based on their network identity.This session will describe how the ATTIC system was created and its current feature set. We'll show how LDAP is set up to provide secure access to information. We'll see how the session manager is used to provide common authentication to multiple web servers. A detailed analysis of the file system and directory structure will be provided, as well as an example of integration with an administrative information system. We'll also discuss future plans including integration with commercial courseware packages.
Effect of S-(dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine on incorporation of precursors into deoxypentose nucleic acid of leukocytes.

Summary1. When sodium P32-phosphate was injected intravenously into calves, there was an early labeling of leukocyte DNA. 2. DCVC decreased but did not abolish this uptake of P32 when given concurrently with P32 or when calves were pre-treated with DCVC for 2 or 4 days. 3. When normal calf blood was incubated in presence of H3-thymidine, there was a rapid nuclear uptake by mononuclear leukocytes. 4. DCVC did not inhibit incorporation of H3-thymidine in either blood from DCVC-treated calves or in normal blood incubated in presence of DCVC. 5. Abolishment of DNA synthesis in leukocytes or leukopoietic tissue does not appear to be a primary biochemical lesion through which DCVC induces fatal blood dyscrasia in calves.
Asbestos brake emissions.

Abstract An enclosed brake-testing machine was built to determine the importance of asbestos emissions from automobile brakes. Higher emissions resulted from disc brakes than from drum brakes due to the smaller surface area contacting the wheel in the former case. Median emissions from one disc brake were 3.3 mg particulate/stop (55% airborne, 12% sedimentary, 34% brake-entrained), 0.6 mg C/stop as hydrocarbons, 0.7 mg C/stop as CO 2 , and 0.1 mg C/stop as CO. Higher emissions were observed with increases in velocity and deceleration rate. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the emitted particles was 3.1 μm. Although the original brake material was about 50% asbestos, the emitted particles averaged only 0.029% asbestos. Therefore, it appears that over 99.9% of the mass of original asbestos fibers was broken down into nonfibrous magnesium silicates. In addition, asbestos fibers which are on the order of millimeters in length in the brake had a median length of 0.5 μm in the emitted debris. Based on the mass emission results and a stopping rate of 1.2 stops/km, it can be estimated that 2.6 μg of asbestos/km/vehicle is emitted into the air, 0.76 μg/km settles to the roadway, and 2.2 μg/km is entrained in the wheel. Although brake emissions are responsible for a minor fraction of ambient asbestos levels, there may be a noticeable increase in asbestos levels near high-braking areas such as tollbooths.
Dipyridamole modulates multidrug resistance and intracellular as well as nuclear levels of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells

Simultaneous occurrence of resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents, termed multidrug resistance (MDR), is a complex phenotype. MDR occurs due to several reasons, including over-expression of a 170-kDa membrane-bound protein, called P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which apparently participates in active drug efflux. Multidrug-resistant cells also frequently exhibit an altered pattern of intracellular drug distribution, resulting in a reduction in the nuclear level of drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). In this study, the effect of dipyridamole (DP) on drug resistance and on intracellular as well as nuclear levels of DOX in multidrug-resistant melanoma cells has been examined. For this purpose, drug-sensitive murine melanoma cells (B16V) and their multidrug-resistant variant cells, (B16VDXR; selected for resistance to DOX) which over-produce P-gp, were employed. B16VDXR cells were cross-resistant to several anti-cancer agents including etoposide (VP-16) and mitoxantrone (Mitox). DP (10 microM) significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of DOX, VP-16 and Mitox towards multidrug-resistant B16VDXR cells but not in parental drug-sensitive B16V cells. The presence of DP resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in the total cellular level and a 4.2-fold increase in the nuclear content of DOX in the resistant cells. Isobologram analysis indicates that DP at several pharmacologically relevant concentrations synergistically potentiates the activity of DOX in B16VDXR cells.
Estimation of surface water quality in a Yazoo River tributary using the duration curve and recurrence interval approach

Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication of rivers and lakes with excess nutrients are serious environmental concerns. This study estimated surface water quality in a stream within the Yazoo River Basin (YRB), Mississippi, USA, using the duration curve and recurrence interval analysis techniques. Data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) surface water monitoring station located in Deer Creek east of Leland from the YRB were selected for the analysis. Results showed that the water quality constituents, namely water temperature, specific conductivity (SC) and dissolved oxygen (DO), in this stream were found not to be the major concerns as the percentages of the time when these constituents did not meet their criteria were very low. Our results further revealed that the water temperature and SC increased as time elapsed, indicating the potential global warming and contamination impacts in this stream. In contrast, the DO and pH decreased as time elapsed, postulating a potential increase in biochemical oxygen demand and an acidic trend in this stream. Over the last decade, the average recurrence intervals when the water temperature, SC, and DO did not meet their criteria or minimum conditions were around 1 year. Using a target DO value of 429 kg d � 1 proposed by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, results from this study showed that there was about 25% of the time when the DO load did not meet the target value. This study suggests that the duration curve and recurrence interval analysis techniques are useful statistical tools for water quality trend estimation.
Workload characterization: A key aspect of microarchitecture design

Micro editor in chief Pradip Bose talks about the issue of workload characterization in the modern setting.
The political economy of leisure in retrospect: Britain, france and the origins of the eight-hour day

This paper explores the intellectual and socio-political origins of the twentieth century standard for allocating personal time: the eight-hour day. Between the 1880s and 1919, a political economy justifying increased leisure emerged and a coalition of reformers, aided by the political crisis of postwar Europe, won the eight-hour norm. The paper analyses the resistance to increased leisure and compares the British and French paths to the eight-hour day. While the economic motive for the reduced workday is stressed, the paper also notes the emergence of a modern leisure ethic. Labour demands for the eight-hour day comprised not only the goals of increasing wages and employment but also a desire for regular and predictable blocks of time free from the work environment for family and leisure pursuits.
Microstructure of as-polymerized thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers

Abstract Ten segmented polyether-urethane thermoplastics were studied in the as-polymerized state. Polyethersegment, number-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were varied among the set of polymers, as were the molar ratios of diisocyanate to diol chain extender to polyether glycol. Experimental techniques included differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, volume-temperature measurements, X-ray diffraction and hot-stage, polarized-light microscopy. At room temperature the materials possessed non-impinging spherulites, about 10 μm in diameter, in a non-birefringent matrix. X-ray diffraction from these same films showed no crystallinity, except in two cases. The spherulites irreversibly disappeared in the temperature range 350–400 K, accompanied by sharp decreases in dynamic modulus and a small thermal transition. Thermal disruption of urethane-dominated domains was observed at considerably higher temperatures, from 400–520 K, depending on molecular structure. Polyether crystallite melting was seen only below 305 K. These observations can be explained by a polymerization-solidification scenario which assumes: (1) de-mixing of isocyanatecapped prepolymers to form spatial gradients based on the urethane weight fraction of the prepolymer chains, and (2) decomposition of the polymerizing melt by nucleation and growth on a molecular scale to form polyurethane-rich spherulites during the reaction.
Effects of crystal orientation on the dissolution of calcite by chemical and microscopic analysis

Abstract The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of polished crystal-surface orientation and degree of solution undersaturation on the dissolution kinetics of calcite. Crystallographic surface orientations utilized in this study included natural calcite specimens polished approximately parallel to the (104) plane, giving rise to surfaces with flat terraces with few steps, as well as fully kinked surfaces created by sectioning approximately parallel to the (001) plane. Results from inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) investigations revealed how crystallographic orientations of calcite with initially higher energy surface morphologies were associated with greater extent of reaction, greater surface retreat, and therefore, greater initial transient dissolution rates than those with lower energy initial surface morphologies. However, both the ICP-OES and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirm that the effects of crystal orientation become minimal under long-term conditions because (1) variously oriented calcite surfaces exhibited similar “long-term” rates and (2) orientations with high initial reactive site densities developed lower energy morphologies. Estimating a step rate coefficient from the experimental data from a miscut sample suggest that these coefficients may be highly morphology dependent. Results from this study are significant for predicting long term calcite dissolution rates because they suggest that the “long-term” dissolution rate of calcite will be governed by the rates of the rhombohedral faces and microfacets and the time-scale for approaching such conditions is of the order of days at room temperature and slightly alkaline solution conditions.
The role of personality, situational, and demographic variables in predicting job search among European managers

This research investigates predictors of job search activity among high-level European managers. We examined the role of personality in predicting job search over and above the effects of situational and demographic variables. Results found that the personality traits extraversion and neuroticism predicted job search, and the effects were found in the presence of situational and demographic variables shown in prior research as particularly important determinants of job search activity.
Propagation of S-polarized surface polaritons circumferentially around a locally cylindrical surface

Abstract The dispersion relation is derived and solved for s-polarized surface polaritons propagating circumferentially around a portion of a cylindrical interface between vacuum and an isotropic dielectric. In the case that the dielectric is convex toward the vacuum these modes are found to be radiative, and consequently are attenuated as they propagate on the cylindrical surface. When the dielectric is concave toward the vacuum the resulting surface polaritons are nonradiative and propagate unattenuated on the cylinder. Such modes do not exist in the case of a planar interface between a homogeneous isotropic dielectric and vacuum.
Parallelizing an oil refining simulation: numerical methods, implementations and experience

Abstract One important process in oil refining is to separate the crude oil into various oil products. This process is called distillation. Engineers routinely perform a large computer simulation while designing a complex distillation column. This paper presents experience in parallelizing an oil refining simulation application that computes the composition of the various oil products in these distillation columns. Mathematical models for the simulation form large sparse nonlinear systems of equations. Triangular decompositions of these sparse nonlinear systems are fundamental numerical methods in this simulation. The paper shows the application of different approaches for carrying out this simulation in parallel. Parallelizations of the simulation program are introduced at three levels — direct, structured, and asynchronous. The approaches of this practical research provide insight into important issues of parallel computing for real-world applications. The paper includes parallel implementations on the Intel iPSC/860 and parallel computing results with comparisons and discussions.
Catalytic homogeneous hydrogenation of terminal olefins by RCo(CO)2(P(OCH3)3)2 (R = CH3 or CH3C(O))

Abstract The complexes RCo(CO) 2 L 2 (R = CH 3 , CH 3 C(O), L = P(OCH 3 ) 3 ) show a marked activity (450 turnovers/h) for hydrogenation of terminal olefins at ambient conditions. There is very little activity for more hindered olefins. A number of reactions have been examined, which allow a mechanism for the catalytic cycle to be presented. This mechanism involves a series of methyl → acetyl interconversion which open coordination sites, very similar to η 3 · η 1 allyl interconversions.
Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect and the Eisenmenger Syndrome

We have documented a unique instance of the development of the Eisenmenger syndrome 17 years after rupture of the infarcted ventricular septum. Our patient represents the longest reported survivor of a postinfarction VSD and the only one known to have reversed the shunt as a result of a striking increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Positive Youth Development: A Measurement Framework for Sport

The 4Cs of positive youth development (PYD; competence, confidence, connection, and character) have been advocated as desirable athlete outcomes of sport participation, and in effect, a useful proxy measure of coaching effectiveness. However, a shortcoming of this framework has been a lack of tangible ways to accurately measure these constructs in athletes. This article reviews the sport literature and presents a concise toolkit made up of existing questionnaires and measurement techniques that can collectively be used to assess coaches' ability to facilitate PYD in athletes in organized youth sport settings. This integrative approach to the measurement of PYD in athletes is not designed to replace similar questionnaires in sport, but is simply a measurement approach grounded in the PYD literature that can be applied across a range of sport contexts. Implications for the use of this framework and toolkit in both coaching research and practice are discussed.
New analytical solution for nonlinear adsorption and diffusion in a single particle

A new analytical solution for the fractional uptake in a single particle was obtained that obviates the use of the assumption Q=f(C) that has been used by others to make the mathematics more tractable. This new solution utilizes the summation of the gas and adsorbed phases approach to describe the simultaneous intraparticle gas and surface diffusion rates. The resulting uptake curves predicted from the new expression compare very well with those obtained from the exact numerical solution for a wide range of systems and conditions. An expression for the rate of accumulation of the adsorbed species was also derived that should find use in adsorption process modeling, as it accounts for both pore and surface diffusion in a simple formulation. Overall, this analysis reveals the validity of the above assumption even for systems that exhibit highly nonlinear adsorption isotherms; hence, it should be useful as a major simplification in other derivations dealing with nonlinear adsorption and diffusion.