cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional numerical investigation of a novel shallow bore ground heat exchanger integrated with phase change material

Abstract The heat transfer performance of an innovative design of ground heat exchanger, called underground thermal battery (UTB), was investigated in this paper. The UTB is designed to be installed in a shallow subsurface of the ground (less than 20 ft or 6 m below the grade), which is much shallower than the vertical bores (deeper than 200 ft or 60 m) required for installing conventional vertical bore ground heat exchangers (VBGHE). The UTB consists of a water-filled tank that also contains a phase change material (PCM), which impart the UTB a large thermal storage capacity. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been developed to evaluate the performance of the UTB and to compare it with a conventional VBGHE. The simulation results indicated that a UTB can better regulate the entering water temperature of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) for more efficient operation than a conventional VBGHE under short-term high thermal load conditions. In addition, the UTB can make more effective use of PCMs compared with using PCMs to replace the conventional grouting material in a VBGHE.
Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistance plasmids using publicly available sequences.

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria have quickly become a worldwide concern in nosocomial infections. Of the seven known carbapenemases, four have been shown to be particularly problematic: KPC, NDM, IMP...
Automatic Feature Extraction and Selection For Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection

As the advances in mobile technologies and IoT-enabled devices have been integrated into our daily lives, significant increases in wireless network traffic generate a large scale of high dimensional network log data. This has led to challenges in security of Wi-Fi network systems that have to analyze such complex big data for intrusion detection. Many Wi-Fi network systems commonly employee machine learning based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Such IDS usually adopt supervised methods that heavily depend on observations of human experts for feature extraction, feature selection, and labeling processes of training data for classification. In this study, using the recently collected Aegean Wi-Fi Intrusion Dataset (AWID) which contains real traces of different network attacks types, we propose an unsupervised approach with automatic feature extraction and selection process to replace human intervention and manual labeling process for analyzing a large scale high dimensional data to improve the prediction accuracy of classification to detect 3 most common network attack types - Injection, Flooding, and Impersonate attacks in an IDS with a large scale of high dimensional data. The experiment results showed the effectiveness of our approach for feature extraction and selection. The quality of the selected features and the accuracy of intrusion detection of the three attack types are compared and analyzed.
Community College Faculty Perceptions of the Quality Matters™ Rubric.

This paper reviewed the factors that make up quality assurance including course design, content, delivery, and institutional support, as well as infrastructure in relationship to professional development impact on teaching practice. Building on the assumption identified in literature is the concept of course design being the most critical component impacting both student learning and faculty teaching. Course design affects student learning, faculty satisfaction with the course, establishes a teaching presence, and influences the transactional difference that occurs between the students and the instructor. Using the premise of the critical nature of course design, this study reviewed how the use of faculty professional development through a Applying the Quality Matters Rubric (APPQMR) workshop using the Quality Matters (QM) rubric as a framework to impact course design created specific faculty perceptions and affected teaching practice. Six themes identified from the research related to faculty’s perceived value and rigor of the QM rubric and training are discussed in the conclusion section.
Reasonableness and Proportionality

All systems of administrative governance must decide whether to provide for substantive review over administrative decisions that comply with all the prescribed formalities and are otherwise lawful, and if so, how intensive the review should be. These are high-stakes questions. If courts review administrative choices too aggressively, they may end up effectively substituting their own judgment for the administrators’. Substitution of judgment defeats the purpose of delegating power to agencies, which have subject-specific expertise that courts lack. It also can raise separation of powers concerns, if courts are arrogating to themselves control over matters that has in fact been vested in agencies. On the other hand, if substantive review is too lax, or lacking altogether, regulated parties and the public may be left more vulnerable to administrative decisions that are arbitrary, inefficient, or wanting in other ways. The consequences, for individual freedom, efficiency, and governing legitimacy writ large, can be significant. Courts around the world have employed different doctrines to review the substance of agencies’ policy choices. This piece focuses on two canonical approaches: reasonableness and proportionality.
The Poison Center as a pandemic response: establishment and characteristics of a COVID-19 hotline through the New Jersey Poison Center.

Poison Centers are uniquely positioned to respond to an unprecedented public health threat such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as fully operational 24-h hotlines already staffed with healthcare professi...
Immersion in Memory Compute (ImMC) Technology

Immersion in Memory Compute (ImMC) technology with multiple chips and functions in multi-layer stacking integrated using System on Integrated Chips (SoIC™) technology is presented. The technology provides multiple compute and memory chips to interconnect each other to gain computing power and memory bandwidth. The interconnect parasitics, bandwidth density and power efficiency are analyzed using N7 light IO transceiver. The ImMC compared with 3DIC with bridge and with shared die, respectively, using $\mu \mathrm{bump}$ and TSV, is studied. The ImMC is 16x, 14x, and 224x better than the 3DIC with bridge in bump density, data rate, and bandwidth density. The transceiver power and size for the ImMC is only 1 % of those for the 3DIC.
Three-Dimensional Bridge-Ground Liquefaction-Induced Deformations

Global response of bridges is dictated by soil-structure interaction considerations of the entire bridge-ground system. In this study the three-dimensional (3D) longitudinal response of such a bridge-ground system is numerically investigated. A realistic multi-layer soil profile is considered with interbedded liquefiable/non-liquefiable strata. Effect of the resulting liquefaction-induced ground deformation on the bridge-ground system is explored. The analysis techniques as well as the derived insights are of significance for general bridge-system configurations under liquefaction-induced ground deformation.
Uni-directional hypercubes

Two unidirectional hypercube topologies are proposed. Both have short diameter, short average distance, efficient routing, and multiple paths characteristics, and can accommodate a large number of nodes. They simplify the communication port hardware from bidirectional to unidirectional, and hence allow one to build larger VLSI hypercubes as well as to implement hypercube-based MANs (metropolitan area networks) with optical fibers. Improvements to and optimizations of the proposed schemes are discussed.
NeuroDesign: From Neuroscience Research to Design Thinking Practice

There is an increasing use of neuroscience research methods to understand the neural basis of design activity. The use of Neuroscience research tools such as fMRI, EEG and fNIRS presents a new and insightful approach to potentially understand the neurocognitive processes underlying design thinking at the level of individual designers as well as teams. However, the results from neuroscience research while insightful are rarely directly applied to design practice. In this chapter, we explore this gap between neuroscience research and design practice and explore how the emerging field of NeuroDesign might bridge this gap. Delving into the epistemology of design practice and the promise of neuroscience, we present the understanding and practice of learning as a key bridge between the two fields. We explore the broader implication of learning in the framing of NeuroDesign and present a research agenda for further studies in the field.
Nonsyndromic bilateral second branchial cleft fistulae: A case report

Abstract Branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital malformations that result from the abnormal persistence of branchial clefts during embryogenesis and manifest clinically as cysts, sinuses, or fistulae. In greater than 95% of cases, branchial cleft anomalies originate from remnants of the second branchial cleft. Identification of branchial cleft anomalies, particularly branchial cleft fistulae, are clinically important as these findings may be part of a larger syndromic clinical presentation such as the branchiootorenal syndrome, which necessitates further workup. Branchial cleft anomalies are bilateral in approximately one percent of cases; however, bilateral second branchial cleft fistulae are, for unknown reasons, much rarer. To the best of our knowledge, there have been less than ten cases of nonsyndromic, bilateral second branchial cleft fistulae recorded in the literature. In this report, we present the CASE of a 50-year-old woman with recent left-sided pain, drainage, and swelling in the lower one-third of her neck. The patient reported a history of bilateral “cysts” in the lower one-third of her neck for most of her adult life, which frequently become infected. She denied a personal or family history of renal anomalies or hearing loss. Computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast of the soft tissues of the neck revealed bilateral soft tissue tracts beginning in the region of the tonsillar fossae and extending bilaterally along the anterior borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) down to the skin surface near the level of the thyroid gland, consistent with bilateral second branchial cleft fistulae.
Physical and chemical studies on glycoproteins. IV. The influence of sialic acid on the conformation of fetuin.

Abstract The influence of sialic acid on the conformation of fetuin was investigated by comparing desialized fetuin with untreated fetuin using four different physical chemical techniques. The strong contribution of sialic acid to the acidic properties of fetuin was shown by the rise in the isoionic point from 4.23 to 5.57 for desialized fetuin. Comparison of the titration curves for both the desialized and untreated fetuin revealed that the number of titratable groups in the acidic, neutral, and basic regions agreed with the number expected from the amino acid analysis. The main difference between the two curves was the presence of additional titratable groups in the titration curve of fetuin in the region below pH 4 where the sialic acid carboxyl groups titrate. No evidence was found for the presence of free amino groups of the hexosamine residues, indicating that the amino sugar exists in fetuin as the acetylated derivative. There was no significant difference between the experimental electrostatic interaction factor w , 0.031, whose calculation is based on the carboxyl groups of desialized fetuin, and the experimental value, 0.029. The results from viscosity studies show that both proteins are fairly compact molecules having a conformation approximated by a prolate ellipsoid of revolution with an axial ratio of 5:1. There was little difference in the intrinsic viscosity of fetuin (5.5 ml/g) and desialized fetuin (5.2 ml/g). These data indicate that no appreciable conformational changes take place on removal of the sialic acid from fetuin. The results from optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism studies were inconclusive; at most only a small percentage of secondary structure was indicated. It was concluded that fetuin has a slightly elongated but compact molecular conformation possibly having some secondary structure; removal of the sialic acid does not alter this structure appreciably.
The activation of type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor (CRF-R1) inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in vitro via p27Kip1 protein up-regulation and c-Myc mRNA down-regulation

Our group has previously shown that corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inhibits proliferation of human endocrine-related cancer cell lines via the activation of CRF type-1 receptors (CRF-R1). Tumors originating from the nervous system also express CRF receptors but their role on neoplastic cell proliferation was poorly investigated. Here we investigated the effect of CRF receptor stimulation on nervous system-derived cancer cells, using the SK-N-SH (N) human neuroblastoma cell line as an experimental model. We found that SK-N-SH (N) cells express functionally active CRF-R1, whose activation by CRF and the cognate peptide urocortin (UCN) is associated to reduced cell proliferation and motility, as well as neuronal-like differentiation. UCN did not interfere with cell viability and cell-cycle arrest. Those effects seem to be mediated by a mechanism involving the activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and the subsequent downstream increase in p27(Kip1) and underphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein levels, as well as reduced c-Myc mRNA accumulation.
Articulate design of free-form structures

Traditionally, structural design has been conceived as a process of adapting well-known prototypes to specific contexts under requirements for repetition and symmetry. Now, shape grammars provide a much more flexible way of specifying design languages for exploration, CAD/CAM techniques loosen requirements for repetition and symmetry, and simulated annealing supplies an effective way to direct searches for structural solutions under these conditions. This paper discusses the problem of free-form structural design, shows how shape annealing techniques (which combine shape grammars and simulated annealing) can successfully be applied to them, and concludes by speculating about future structural design systems which will combine simulated annealing with the affordances of the World Wide Web.
An ellipsoid algorithm for parameter set estimation

Presented is a recursive ellipsoid algorithm for parameter set estimation of an ARX (autoregressive with exogeneous input) model with bounded disturbances. The algorithm allows for independent, time-varying, upper and lower disturbance bounds, which enables known disturbance bias to be incorporated. Algorithms are presented that allow the application of this ellipsoid algorithm to a special ARMAX (autoregressive moving-average with exogeneous input) model, which allows formal treatment of measurement uncertainty. >
Laser Diode Spectra of Spherical-Top Molecules

About ten years ago the tunable semiconductor diode laser was developed [1], which provided an infrared spectral source with a linewidth of ~50 kHz, or about 2 × 10−6 cm−1 [2]. The potential usefulness of such a device for high-resolution absorption spectroscopy was immediately recognized [3], but progress remained slow because of the limited tuning ranges of the early diodes, and because many spectra recorded at this resolution reveal an almost embarrassing wealth of detail, the analysis of which requires a fairly sophisticated approach.
Facilitating Information Management in Integrated Development Environments through Visual Interface Enhancements

In the past decades, integrated development environments (IDEs) have been largely advanced to facilitate software engineering tasks and improve developer productivity. Yet, with growing information needs driven by increasing complexity in developing modern software with demands for high quality and reliability, developers often need to switch among multiple user interfaces, even across different applications, in their development process, which breaks their mental workflow thus tends to adversely affect their work efficiency and productivity. This paper discusses challenges faced by the current IDE design mainly due to working context transitions imposed on developers during their search for multiple information sources for their development needs. It remarks the primary blockades behind and initially explores some high-level design considerations for overcoming such challenges in the next-generation IDEs. Specifically, a few design enhancements on top of modern IDEs are proposed, attempting to reduce the overheads of frequent context switching commonly seen in the multitasking practice of developers.
Comparison of the finger counting method, the Broselow tape and common weight estimation formulae in Filipino children after Typhoon Haiyan

Objectives We sought to evaluate commonly used paediatric weight estimation techniques in a sample of children in the Philippines. Methods We prospectively collected age, height and weight data for a sample of 207 children aged 1–9 years seen during a medical aid trip. Weights were estimated using the finger counting method, the Broselow method and four formulae. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement with measured weight. Results Mean difference and range of agreement in kilograms were as follows: 0.6 (95% CI 0.1–1.1) and 14.9 (95% CI 13.1–16.7) for the Broselow method; 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–1.7) and 17.3 (95% CI 15.2–19.3) for the traditional APLS formula; 3.1 (95% CI 2.4–3.7) and 18.6 (95% CI 16.4–20.8) for the finger counting method; 4.0 (95% CI 3.2–4.8) and 23.1 (95% CI 20.3–25.8) for the updated APLS method; 5.1 (95% CI 4.4–5.8) and 21.1 (95% CI 18.6–23.6) for the Luscombe formula; and 5.3 (95% CI 4.5–6.1) and 22.5 (95% CI 20–25.2) for the Best Guess formulae. Conclusions The Broselow tape and the traditional APLS formula performed best in our sample. The finger counting method also outperformed newer weight estimation formulae. ‘Updated’ age-based formulae created recently in developed countries should not be used in disaster relief efforts in the Philippines. Caution should be used when applying these formulae to other developing countries and in disaster response.
Using the sulfide replacement petrology in lunar breccia 67915 to construct a thermodynamic model of S-bearing fluid in the lunar crust

Abstract In this work, we investigate the compositions and origin of metasomatic fluids responsible for the formation of sulfide replacement textures in Mg-Suite lithologies of lunar samples 67915-149 and 67915-150. We have constructed a quantitative thermodynamic model of the composition of the metasomatic fluid using f O 2 , f S 2 , and temperature constraints derived from a thermodynamic analysis of the metasomatic fluid-mineral reactions and the measured compositions of the phases in the sulfide assemblages. Results from this modeling indicate that the metasomatic fluid responsible for the formation of the sulfide replacement textures was likely dominated by a combination of H 2 and CH 4 , with minor abundances of H 2 O, CO, and H 2 S. The modeling indicates that H 2 S was, by orders of magnitude, the dominant S-species present in the metasomatic fluid and S isotopes in the replacement sulfides suggest that the fluid experienced significant removal of H 2 S by sulfide precipitation. The calculated H 2 and H 2 O contents of the metasomatic fluid are consistent with those that might be expected for the late stage degassing of shallowly emplaced, intrusive magma bodies.
Facilitating access to information in large documents with an intelligent hypertext system

Retrieving specific information from large amounts of documentation is not an easy task. It could be facilitated if information relevant in the current problem solving context could be automatically supplied to the user. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed an intelligent hypertext system called CID (Computer Integrated Documentation) and tested it on the Space Station Freedom requirement documents. The CID system enables integration of various technical documents in a hypertext framework and includes an intelligent context-sensitive indexing and retrieval mechanism. This mechanism utilizes on-line user information requirements and relevance feedback either to reinforce current indexing in case of success or to generate new knowledge in case of failure. This allows the CID system to provide helpful responses, based on previous usage of the documentation, and to improve its performance over time.
Intelligent Operation Control for the Fused Magnesia Production

An electro-fused magnesia furnace (EFMF) is used to produce electro-fused magnesia. Due to the complex dynamic characteristics of the EFMF production process, it is difficult to achieve the satisfactory control performances only by the independent conventional control method. As a result, the lower loop control with manual operations is still widely used in practice. However, the manual operation cannot ensure that the actual production qualities and the energy consumption of unit production meet the technical requirements all the time. In this paper, an intelligent operation control strategy is developed for the EFMF to automatically adjust the setpoints of the lower level control system. Based on the proposed intelligent control strategy, an intelligent control system for the EFMF is built and implemented on site. Industrial application has demonstrated that the intelligent control system can achieve reliable, accurate and timely control performances.
Pompe's Disease: Detection of Heterozygotes by Lymphocyte Stimulation

A technique has been developed for the detection of inborn errors by multiple enzyme analysis of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. Its practicality has been demonstrated in Pompe's disease in which there is a deficiency of acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase (E.C.3.2.1.20).
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Complex 3- and 4-Part Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: Does Age Really Matter?

Introduction: Treatment of complex fracture patterns of the proximal humerus continues to be a challenging and controversial clinical scenario. The aim of this study was to report on the outcomes o...
Resistance of a circular current loop in a cylindrical waveguide

The dependence of the resistance of a circular current loop situated coaxially inside a cylindrical waveguide on the size of the loop relative to the radius of the waveguide is examined.
Gyron Field-gravitational analogue of magnetic force

AN electrostatic field E in a stationary coordinate system, when referred to a moving coordinate system, can produce both an electric field E*, and a magnetic field B*. If v is the uniform velocity of motion, perpendicular to E, then by the usual Lorentz transformation: where β=v/c. Consider two stationary point masses, m1 and m2, with respective electric charges q1 and q2. Suppose that the particles are located at 0, r/2, 0 and 0, −r/2, 0 in a system of Cartesian coordinates. If the masses and charges are chosen so that the force of electrostatic repulsion exactly balances that of gravitational attraction, then where G is the constant of gravitation and ɛ0 is the electrical permittivity of space. Positive signs indicate repulsion and negative signs attraction.
Differential Pharmacological Properties and Signal Transduction of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors EDG-1, EDG-3, and EDG-5

Abstract Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP) is a potent lipid mediator released upon cellular activation. In this report, pharmacological properties of the three G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for SPP, EDG-1, -3, and -5 are characterized using aXenopus oocyte expression system, which lacks endogenous SPP receptors. Microinjection of the EDG-3 and EDG-5 but not EDG-1 mRNA conferred SPP-responsive intracellular calcium transients; however, the EDG-5 response was quantitatively much less. Co-expression of EDG-1 receptor with the chimeric Gαqi protein conferred SPP responsiveness. Gαqi or Gαqco-injection also potentiated the EDG-5 and EDG-3 mediated responses to SPP. These data suggest that SPP receptors couple differentially to the Gq and Gi pathway. All three GPCRs were also activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine, albeit at higher concentrations. None of the other related sphingolipids tested stimulated or blocked SPP-induced calcium responses. However, suramin, a polycyclic anionic compound, selectively antagonized SPP-activated calcium transients in EDG-3 expressing oocytes with an IC50of 22 μm, suggesting that it is an antagonist selective for the EDG-3 GPCR isotype. We conclude that the three SPP receptors signal differentially by coupling to different G-proteins. Furthermore, because only EDG-3 was antagonized by suramin, variations in receptor structure may determine differences in antagonist selectivity. This property may be exploited to synthesize receptor subtype-specific antagonists.
Distribution of modern salt-marsh foraminifera in the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system of North Carolina, USA: Implications for sea-level research

Abstract We described the distributions of foraminifera from ten physiographically distinct salt marshes in the Albemarle–Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina using 193 surface samples. We defined elevation-dependent ecological zones at individual sites using cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis. Additionally, seven principal biozones of salt-marsh foraminifera were identified that have distinctive spatial distributions reflecting a pattern of salinity regimes caused by the current configuration of barrier-island inlets. High salinity sites along the southern Outer Banks are associated with sub-tidal calcareous assemblages, low marshes dominated by Miliammina fusca and high marsh environments defined by Haplophragmoides wilberti, Trochammina inflata and Arenoparrella mexicana. In contrast, lower salinity marshes have Ammobaculites spp. in sub-tidal settings, Miliammina fusca-dominated low marshes and high marsh settings characterized by Jadammina macrescens. Spatial variation of foraminiferal populations and the potential for biozones to migrate in response to changing inlet configuration and salinity, suggests that datasets of modern salt-marsh foraminifera from multiple environments would be appropriate for reconstructing Holocene relative sea level in North Carolina.
Transport phenomena in a Bose-Einstein gas

This paper develops the formal first order perturbation theory of transport phenomena in an ideal Bose-Einstein gas.
The United States, Italy and the origins of Cold War. Waging political warfare, 1945–1950

The 1948 Italian election has been a powerful founding myth for covert operatives throughout the Cold War. With the Moscow-aligned Popular Front earning a majority of votes in several local electio...
Recent developments in CMOS latchup

CMOS is rapidly becoming an important VLSI technology, and if its scaling is to continue, latchup must be understood and controlled. Coupled with dramatic CMOS technology improvements in recent years have come significant advances in latchup characterization and modeling. This talk highlights some of those advances.
Splay states in globally coupled Josephson arrays: Analytical prediction of Floquet multipliers.

In recent numerical experiments on series arrays of overdamped Josephson junctions, Nichols and Wiesenfeld [Phys. Rev. A 45, 8430 (1992)] discovered that the periodic states known as splay states are neutrally stable in all but four directions in phase space. We present a theory that accounts for this enormous degree of neutral stability. The theory also predicts the four non-neutral Floquet multipliers to within 0.1% of their numerically computed values. The analytical approach used here may be appli- cable to other globally coupled systems of oscillators, such as multimode lasers, electronic oscillator circuits, and solid-state laser arrays.
Novel Split Ring Metamaterial for Multiple Band Gaps and Vibration Control

A novel metamaterial using split ring resonator is envisioned. Unlike traditional metamaterials, multiple, uniquely designed split rings and elliptical full rings, embedded in polymer matrix are proposed. Purpose of such metamaterial is not only creating simultaneous negative effective mass density and negative bulk modulus but also use them to control structural vibration. Eigen-frequency analyses are performed to find multiple resonant frequencies and corresponding multiple acoustic band gaps. The dispersion equation of the periodic media is solved numerically using finite element method. The acoustic wave modes corresponding to both low and high frequency phonons are obtained. The proposed media was considered to be a periodic media consists of periodic array of unit cells, each cell containing specific geometry of split rings. Each unit cell is made of a metal sphere enclosed in metal circular ring. A pairs of circular split rings are placed symmetrically at the center of the unit cell. In addition to circular split rings, another set of elliptical split rings are also positioned to enclose the aforementioned assembly. To understand the effect of elliptical split rings on band gaps, split rings are then replaced by full rings and dispersion of similar acoustic wave modes are compared.
Monitoring River Plume Transport and Mesoscale Circulation in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Through Satellite Remote Sensing

Abstract This study investigates the transport and fate of the Fox River plume and the general circulation patterns within Lake Michigan's Green Bay utilizing satellite remote sensing imagery (Landsat TM and NOAA AVHRR). The calibrated satellite water color and thermal imagery shows the extreme lower portion of the bay as a distinct water mass (due to the influx of the Fox River) with a steep gradient in water transparency and surface temperature within the first 10 km from the river mouth. Fox River water and its heavy load of suspended and adsorbed material is advectively transported up along the bay's eastern shore in the form of a plume. Thus significant mixing of Fox River water is not restricted to the extreme lower portion of the bay but also is occurring in the middle portions of the bay. Similar water transparency but a distinct difference in thermal structure at the frontal zone between the Green Bay and Lake Michigan water masses indicates materials entering from the Fox River are largely retained within the bay rather than transported to the open waters of Lake Michigan.
Geographic variation in the incidence of myocardial calcification associated with acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract There is reason to believe that calcium influx into heart muscle during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can aggravate myocyte injury. Furthermore, the degree of such influx might correlate with the occurrence of microscopic myocyte calcification observed at autopsy. We have searched for evidence of myocyte calcification in hearts of patients found to have AMI at autopsy at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Salt Lake City (SLCVA), a region with a low myocardial infection death rate, and at the George Washington University Medical Center in Washington, DC (GWUMC), a region with a high myocardial in fection death rate. Of 23 consecutive cases examined under "blind" conditions at the GWUMC in which AMI was found, there were 15 instances of cardiac myocyte calcification observed in von Kossa-stained sections. Not a single example of myocyte calcification was found in 23 comparable cases at the SLCVA. The basis of this difference in myocyte calcification is unknown, but may be related to the fact that the Salt Lake City drinking water contains a higher level of magnesium, which is known to protect against soft tissue calcification, than does that of Washington, DC. This may be the basis for the apparent protection that dietary magnesium exerts against myocardial infarction death.
COMPETITION AND ACCOMMODATION BETWEEN APICAL LAYERS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN THE ONTOGENY OF CHIMERAL SHOOTS OF PELARGONIUM X HORTORUM

X hortoruim Bailey (geranium) shoots. The part of stem, leaf, or other structure derived from each apical layer was clearly apparent on a cell to cell basis. Shoots typically were composed of derivatives of three apical layers but we found derivatives of as many as four apical layers in some leaves and of five layers in some stems. In chimeras with one of the mutants, Dpl W1, the amount of tissue derived from the various apical layers was the same, whether the layer was mutant or wild type. We suggest that there are independent apical layers and cell lineages derived from them in nonchimeral shoots, and that their contribution in normal ontogeny is like that of the layers in Dpl W1 chimeras. In chimeras carrying the second mutant, Dpl W2, there was much less tissue derived from mutant than from wild-type apical layers. The phenotypic expression of the plastogenes was unchanged by their transmission through male or female gametes. Comparisons of the ontogeny of geranium plants carrying the W1 or W2 mutant suggested that, while there was competition between the apical layers and between their derivatives, the genome imposed a definite harmonious interaction or accommodation which led to a final normal morphology of all plant parts and organs through quite different ontogenetic pathways.
Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Dehydroascorbic Acid in Blood Plasma Samples

Abstract Following the stabilization of the plasma samples with HClO4 and EDTA, the samples could be directly analyzed by HPLC using electrochemical detection and reversed-phase columns. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated using plasma samples spiked with ascorbic acid (10 μg/ml) and the results were also compared to the classical colorimetric procedure. Dehydroascorbic (5 μg/ml) was determined in plasma samples using UV detection following derivatization at room temperature for 45 minutes with o-phenylenediamine.
Bidirectional transport of radioactively labelled axoplasmic components.

IT is well established that axoplasm moves somatofugally from the neurone cell body toward the axon terminals1. Somatofugal axoplasmic transport was first demonstrated by Weiss and Hiscoe2, who found that if a peripheral nerve was constricted the axons proximal to the site of constriction became engorged with axoplasm. Recent variations of these experiments have shown that certain axoplasmic components (acetylcholinesterase1, catechol-amine storage granules3 and labelled phospholipids4) accumulate distal as well as proximal to the constriction. This tendency for axoplasmic components to accumulate on both sides of a lesion in a nerve has been interpreted as support for the idea that axoplasmic components move along the axons both from the cell body toward the axon terminals and back in the direction of the cell body.
Exotic consumers interact with exotic plants to mediate native plant survival in a Midwestern forest herb layer

Consumer-facilitated invasions have been proposed as an alternative mechanism to direct competitive exclusion to explain the replacement of native plants by exotics. In a factorial field experiment manipulating competition from the exotic plant Alliaria petiolata and herbivory by exotic mollusks, we documented that mollusk herbivory significantly reduced the survival of two species of native palatable plants, but found minimal direct herbivore effects on less palatable species, including the invasive A. petiolata. These effects were evident after one growing season on younger juvenile plants of Aster cordifolius, but only after two growing seasons on older transplants of the same species, suggesting a greater vulnerability of young plants. In contrast to our expectations, A. petiolata competition alone had no effect on any of the six native species we tested. However, competition from A. petiolata did affect the survival of the most palatable native plant when mollusks were also present. While not significant for any other single species, this same pattern was observed for three of the five remaining native species tested. The selective grazing on palatable plants that we document provides novel evidence contributing to our understanding of observed shifts in the forest herbaceous layer towards the dominance of exotic plants and unpalatable species. More broadly, our results highlight the importance of the interactive effect of consumers and inter-specific competition in forest understories via its contribution to differential survival among regenerating species.
THORACOABDOMINAL INJURIES IN THE ATHLETE

Although thoracoabdominal injuries are uncommon in the athlete, they can be catastrophic if unrecognized or if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. This article reviews thoracic, intrathoracic, abdominal, and groin injuries in the athlete, and how they can be diagnosed and managed.
Implementation of a multi-agent system for optimized multiobjective power plant control

Solving the problem of optimally controlling a power plant based on multiple objectives, such as minimizing pollution, maximizing equipment life, etc., and coordinating each of the involved tasks that must be performed in distributed environments is a very complicated feat, which involves many individual computationally intensive tasks. For the presented method of design, these tasks include calculating feasible control valve operating ranges based on unit load demand, parameter optimization, training neural networks, monitoring and managing real-time input/output data, and task delegation, among others. It is because each of these tasks requires such computational overhead and these systems need to be coordinated among distributed environments that dividing them up into multiple agents is necessary. The presented method of design of the multi-agent system is a continuation of research to develop a multi-agent system to implement a technique for computing optimal multiobjective power plant controls in Matlab.
Insertional mutation that causes acrosomal hypo-development: its relationship to sperm head shaping.

A family of transgenic mice (OVE 219) was generated by microinjection of a tyrosinase minigene (Ty811C). The transgenic mice demonstrate an atypical and variable coat color pattern and the homozygous males show abnormalities of spermatogenesis that are variably expressed from animal to animal. Heterozygous mice proved to have normal spermatogenesis and along with non-transgenic mice were used as controls to study the abnormalities in spermatogenesis in OVE 219 homozygous males. These abnormalities shed light on the features controlling normal spermatogenesis. In some homozygous males early spermiogenesis was disrupted as the flagellar microtubules became disorganized within the flagellar process. What appeared to be crystalline tubulin was noted within some of the rounded flagellar processes. Sperm with this defect did not develop a flagellum. In other homozygous males defects were apparent by step 6 or 7 of spermiogenesis when the acrosome did not grow and spread over the nucleus as noted in control animals. The modified nuclear envelope underlying the acrosome continued to develop and spread well beyond one margin of the acrosome. Since the modified nuclear envelope grew independently of the acrosome, the acrosome was not the controlling factor in determining the spread of the modified nuclear envelope. Micrographs revealed that Sertoli ectoplasmic specialization failed to form over most regions of the spermatid head lacking a normal acrosome. In homozygous males, the manchette took origin (proximally) in close relation to the modified nuclear envelope and never in relation to the edge of the spreading acrosome, a feature indicating that manchette placement was influenced by the position of the modified nuclear envelope and not the edge of the acrosome. Thus the modification in the nuclear envelope may be the primary event to signal acrosomal spread and manchette development. In spermatids where the manchette developed from an ectopic site, the result was abnormal caudal head shaping. In some spermatids a portion of the manchette was lacking. When this occurred the caudal head was rounded in the region of the missing manchette. In a minority of spermatids there was no evidence for a manchette. The entire caudal head was gently rounded. These data support the growing body of evidence that the caudal sperm head is shaped, in part, by the manchette. The OVE 219 family of mice provides a useful model to understand the processes involved in periods of spermiogenesis that are critical to development of a normally shaped sperm head. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adult age differences in subjective and objective measures of strategy use on a sequentially cued prediction task

Differences in strategy use are thought to underlie age-related performance deficits on many learning and decision-making tasks. Recently, age-related differences in learning to make predictions were reported on the Triplets Prediction Task (TPT). Notably, deficits appeared early in training and continued with experience. To assess if age differences were due to early strategy use, neural networks were used to objectively assess the strategies implemented by participants during Session 1. Then, the relationship between these strategies and performance was examined. Results revealed that older adults were more likely to implement a disadvantageous strategy early in learning, and this led to poorer task performance. Importantly, the relationship between age and task performance was partially mediated by early strategy use, suggesting that early strategy selection played a role in the lower quality of predictions in older adults.
The influence of structure on water treeing in crosslinked polyethylene: accelerated aging methods

The influence of voltage and temperature on water-tree nucleation and growth in accelerated aging experiments has been evaluated for miniature cables of crosslinked polyethylene. Both as-produced cables and cables annealed at 88 degrees C have been considered. Data from studies of crystal growth have been analyzed in order to obtain estimates of the rate of nucleation and of tree growth independently of each other. The total number of nucleation sites is influenced by annealing procedures, but the nucleation rate is not. The growth rate of bow-tie trees follows a single power law relation in which the growth rate constant is influenced by annealing, but the growth index is not. Bow-tie tree nucleation is linearly dependent on voltage, but the average length of a bow-tie tree is inversely dependent on voltage. The behavior is explained in terms of the volume fraction of the trees present (relative to the specimen volume). A major increase in bow-tie tree population occurs at the onset of the alpha -relaxation process (55 degrees C). It is recommended that temperatures be used as an accelerating variable only if information is required on performance at elevated temperature. >
WBMsed, a distributed global-scale riverine sediment flux model: Model description and validation

Quantifying continental sediment flux is a fundamental goal of earth-system science. Ongoing measurements of riverine-suspended sediment fluxes to the oceans are limited (<10% of rivers) and intrabasin measurements are even scarcer. Numerical models provide a useful bridge to this measurement gap and offer insight to past and future trends in response to human and environmental changes. BQART is a global empirical model that calculates long-term suspended sediment loads. The Psi statistical model accounts for intra- and interannual variability in these BQART sediment flux predictions. Here BQART and Psi are compiled as a new module of the WBMplus global daily water balance/transport model, a central component in the FrAMES hydrological-biogeochemical modeling scheme. The resulting model (WBMsed) simulates spatially and temporally explicit (pixel scale and daily) sediment fluxes over continental Earth. We test WBMsed predictions with (1) observed sediment loads at 95 river mouths and to the original BQART predictions for these rivers, and (2) 11 years of daily sediment flux observations of 11 USGS stations. The results show that WBMsed captures the multiyear average, interannual and intraannual trends but considerably over- and underpredict daily fluxes for extreme discharge periods. These over- and underpredictions are mainly driven by respective mispredictions of water discharge fluxes. Future improvements to WBMsed to address these limitations are provided.
Aegean Sea ridge barrier-and-basin sedimentation patterns

Abstract An isopach map of the Aegean Sea, based on a regionally comprehensive seismic-profile network, reveals the highly irregular distribution of unconsolidated sediments of post-Miocene age. Geologically recent structural activity has considerably modified the seafloor configuration of the north and south Aegean, and depositional patterns are to varying degree related to the complex Aegean physiography. From north to south, a series of ridges, islands, and plateaus have acted as effective barriers behind which sediments are trapped, primarily in depressions. Sources of sediment in the north Aegean troughs and basins include rivers and suspensate-rich water masses; material was also provided by the erosion of plateaus and ridges during phases of Pliocene uplift and regressions and Quaternary eustatic low sea-level stands when the Aegean became virtually land-locked and isolated from the Black Sea. Volcanic as well as terrigenous material has accumulated in the central and south Aegean. However, the rapid depositional rates in the south Aegean are more closely related to the flow exchange with the Levantine Basin and the consequent ponding of material behind the Peloponnesus-Crete and Crete-Rhodes ridges.
The Recruitment of an Industrial Labor Force in India, with British and American Comparisons *

There has been an overriding if not always explicit tendency to see Britain as the prototype of industrial revolutions wherever they have appeared. In one sense this tradition is not incorrect. An industrial revolution does require, generally speaking, a common set of basic preconditions and, as it proceeds, does generate a rather common set of general consequences. Nevertheless, the variety of possibilities are, within limits, substantial. As Professor Gerschenkron has reminded us, the very timing of the process of industrialization in one country as related to others is in itself very likely to produce different paths by which industrialization is achieved. This is partly the result of exposure to previous industrializations, the consequence of a "demonstration effect", and partly the consequence of the changed international economic environment that succeeding economies face as a result of the industrialization that has gone before. Moreover, preexisting social institutions will to some extent modify the path and character of each nation's industrial development.' Once these facts are recognized, the scope of the comparative history of industrial revolutions is widened beyond what it has tended to be in the past, merely a study of deviations from a normal type. It becomes a more exciting venture. One can seek to distinguish the elements of industrialization that are "inevitable" because of the character of the technology involved from the factors that persist historically and give to a society that individual tone that distinguishes it from every other society possessing similar techniques. One characteristic of every newly industrializing society, a characteristic determined by technology, is the appearance of a system of factory production. The factory system depends for its success partly on the social ability to generate a labor force divorced from traditional occupations and committed to the