cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Complete Fully Thin-Film PV Harvesting and Power-Management System on Plastic With On-Sheet Battery Management and Wireless Power Delivery to Off-sheet Loads

Large-area electronics enables the creation of systems with transformational capabilities and form factors. Through the ability to integrate thin-film photovoltaics, batteries, and active transistors, complete power-management subsystems addressing a wide range of applications can also be created. We present, for the first time, a fully flexible system integrating amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar modules with Li-ion thin-film batteries and circuits that are based on a-Si thin-film transistors for battery management and wireless power delivery. A fabricated prototype of the entire system on a plastic sheet is demonstrated. Using a 240 cm2 solar module under indoor lighting conditions (~400 μW/cm2), the system is measured to provide 1) dc power (~1 mW) to on-sheet loads and 2) ac power (~10 mW) to off-sheet loads through wireless transmission. Four Li-ion batteries are used for on-sheet energy storage with a battery-management system ensuring discharging at permissible levels, while imposing minimal off-state current (<;360 nA).
RIGHT VENTRICULAR GLOBAL AND FREE WALL STRAIN IN ELITE BASKETBALL ATHLETES WITH RIGHT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT

The role of right ventricular (RV) structural and functional adaptations in the athlete's heart is emerging. Although RV enlargement (RVE) is common in this population, the current methods of assessing RV function are limited. We hypothesized that speckle tracking–derived global longitudinal
ACROMEGALY AND PITUITARY ADENOMA WITH PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA: A VARIANT OF MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA

Two women ahd acromegaly due to a pituitary adenoma associated with phaeochromocytoma. Eight additional patients with this combination of tumours have been described by others. Our first patient had sustained hypertension, mild hypercalcaemia, and elevated basal levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin associated with malignant phaeochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. The second patient had episodic hypertension and normal basal serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin levels with a benign cystic phaeochromocytoma. Four of the ten patients died from causes related to the phaeochromocytoma. Three patients had parathyroid hyperplasia. A separate group of four patients with phaeochromocytoma and pituitary adenoma without acromegaly has also been reported. These fourteen patients probably represent a non-familial variant of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Our findings suggest that acromegalic patients with hypertension should be screened for phaeochromocytoma.
The ADHD Conundrum

Introduction to the special series on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderProfessionals working within special and remedial education are often concerned about the specific nature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and how to both manage ADHD students in the classroom and provide appropriate and successful educational intervention. In response to these concerns, this issue of Intervention in School and Clinic is devoted entirely to the topic of ADHD. The guest editors of this issue, William Bender and Phillip McLaughlin, of the University of Georgia, have assembled an outstanding list of authors to write about the most prevalent issues in meeting the needs of the student with ADHD. I am pleased to devote this issue of Intervention to this important area.—GW
Radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beams: decentered Gaussian beam analysis and experimental verification

We derive solutions for radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beams in free-space by superimposing decentered Gaussian beams with differing polarization states. We numerically show that the analytical result is applicable even for large semi-aperture angles, and we experimentally confirm the analytical expression by employing a fiber-based mode-converter.
The release of proteinase inhibitors from legume seeds during germination

Abstract The seeds of twelve common species of legumes were examined for the release of proteinase inhibitor activity during germination. All species released inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), ranging from 1.0 unit per g dry wt. of seed in 24 hr for soybean ( Glycine max ), to 0.07 unit per g for broad beans ( Vicia faba ) and sugar pod peas ( Pisum sativum ). This release corresponds to approximately 1–13 % of the total trypsin inhibitory activity of the seed, with lentils ( Lens culinaris ) releasing the greatest percentage, and the scarlet runner bean ( Phaseolus coccineus ) the least. In most species the amount of inhibitor released increases until 24–48 hr of germination, and then remains roughly the same or decreases slightly by 72 hr of germination. Five species of legumes were also examined for the release of inhibitory activity against bovine chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1). In each case chymotryptic inhibitory activity was released in a manner similar to the trypsin inhibitor.
DOMAIN WALL PINNING IN AMORPHOUS TbFeCo FILMS ON PATTERNED SUBSTRATES

Magnetization reversal in amorphous TbFeCo films on patterned glass substrates was studied. Two types of patterns were examined: grooves and square patches. Pinning of the domain walls at the side-walls of the patterns was observed. The pinning depends on the depth of the patterns and the angle of the side-walls: greater depth and steeper side-wall produce stronger pinning. Thermomagnetic recording experiments confirm the ability of patterned substrates to confine recorded domains within boundaries defined by the side-walls.
Effect of heat stress during the dry period on mammary gland development

Heat stress during the dry period negatively affects hepatic metabolism and cellular immune function during the transition period, and milk production in the subsequent lactation. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the depressed mammary gland function remain unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of heat stress during the dry period on various indices of mammary gland development of multiparous cows. Cows were dried off approximately 46 d before expected calving and randomly assigned to 2 treatments, heat stress (HT, n = 15) or cooling (CL, n = 14), based on mature equivalent milk production. Cows in the CL treatment were provided with sprinklers and fans that came on when ambient temperatures reached 21.1°C, whereas HT cows were housed in the same barn without fans and sprinklers. After parturition, all cows were housed in a freestall barn with cooling. Rectal temperatures were measured twice daily (0730 and 1430 h) and respiration rates recorded at 1500 h on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule from dry off to calving. Milk yield and composition were recorded daily up to 280 d in milk. Daily dry matter intake was measured from dry off to 42 d relative to calving. Mammary biopsies were collected at dry off, −20, 2, and 20 d relative to calving from a subset of cows (HT, n = 7; CL, n = 7). Labeling with Ki67 antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling were used to evaluate mammary cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index during the dry period was 76.6 and not different between treatments. Heat-stressed cows had higher rectal temperatures in the morning (38.8 vs. 38.6°C) and afternoon (39.4 vs. 39.0°C), greater respiration rates (78.4 vs. 45.6 breath/min), and decreased dry matter intake (8.9 vs. 10.6 kg/d) when dry compared with CL cows. Relative to HT cows, CL cows had greater milk production (28.9 vs. 33.9 kg/d), lower milk protein concentration (3.01 vs. 2.87%), and tended to have lower somatic cell score (3.35 vs. 2.94) through 280 d in milk. Heat stress during the dry period decreased mammary cell proliferation rate (1.0 vs. 3.3%) at −20 d relative to calving compared with CL cows. Mammary cell apoptosis was not affected by prepartum heat stress. We conclude that heat stress during the dry period compromises mammary gland development before parturition, which decreases milk yield in the next lactation.
Imperfection Surveys on a 10-ft-Diameter Shell Structure

The results of an extensive imperfection survey on a 10-ft-diameter integrally stiffened cylindrical shell are presented. The shape of the measured initial imperfections is clearly influenced by details of the shell construction. The modal components of the measured imperfection surface as a function of the circumferential and of the axial wave numbers are calculated. The discrete axial power spectral density functions and the corresponding root-mean-square values of the imperfections are also determined for given circumferential wave numbers. Using the Fourier coefficients of the measured initial imperfections, buckling loads are calculated by solving the nonlinear Donnell-type imperfect shell equations iteratively. The calculated lowest buckling load compares favorably with the values usually recommended for similar shell structures.
Inward Leakage Variability between Respirator Fit Test Panels – Part I. Deterministic Approach

This study aimed to quantify the variability between different anthropometric panels in determining the inward leakage (IL) of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and elastomeric half-mask respirators (EHRs). We enrolled 144 experienced and non-experienced users as subjects in this study. Each subject was assigned five randomly selected FFRs and five EHRs, and performed quantitative fit tests to measure IL. Based on the NIOSH bivariate fit test panel, we randomly sampled 10,000 pairs of anthropometric 35 and 25 member panels without replacement from the 144 study subjects. For each pair of the sampled panels, a Chi-Square test was used to test the hypothesis that the passing rates for the two panels were not different. The probability of passing the IL test for each respirator was also determined from the 20,000 panels and by using binomial calculation. We also randomly sampled 500,000 panels with replacement to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV) for inter-panel variability. For both 35 and 25 member panels, the probability that passing rates were not significantly different between two randomly sampled pairs of panels was higher than 95% for all respirators. All efficient (passing rate ≥80%) and inefficient (passing rate ≤60%) respirators yielded consistent results (probability >90%) for two randomly sampled panels. Somewhat efficient respirators (passing rate between 60% and 80%) yielded inconsistent results. The passing probabilities and error rates were found to be significantly different between the simulation and binomial calculation. The CV for the 35-member panel was 16.7%, which was slightly lower than that for the 25-member panel (19.8%). Our results suggested that IL inter-panel variability exists, but is relatively small. The variability may be affected by passing level and passing rate. Facial dimension-based fit test panel stratification was also found to have significant impact on inter-panel variability, i.e., it can reduce alpha and beta errors, and inter-panel variability.
The Status of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures: Legal Developments and Future Prospects

This article examines the legal status of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures from the perspectives of judicial opinions and race-norming provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1991. Specifically, the analysis provides a discussion of important U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions with special emphasis on their relevance for disparate impact theory. Because the 1991 Civil Rights Act has altered the selection procedures somewhat, the article offers implications of these changes for personnel managers or specialists and recommends modification of the Uniform Guidelines.
Study of Bird Strikes Using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics and Stochastic Parametric Evaluation

DOI: 10.2514/1.C031827 One of the major threats to aviation safety is the in-flight impact of birds. Aircraft windshields are highly vulnerable to damage and hence need a certification for a proven level of impact resistance. Bird-strike experiments are expensive; therefore, explicit numerical modeling techniques are particularly important for the study of this problem. This research relies mainly on the theory of hydrodynamic impact and addresses basic shock-wave equations. It uses a smooth particle hydrodynamics approach and conducts a numerical simulation using a contact– impact coupling algorithm. The finite-element model has been verified by comparison with available experimental findings. Additionally, the work adopts a design-of-experiments approach, factorial design, to predict economically thefactorsthatsignificantlyaffectthepressureresponseinbird-strikeanalysis.Theparametersinvestigatedinclude impact velocity, bird mass, bird aspect ratio, porosity, and obliquity of impact. The results show that the velocity of impact and the interaction between porosity and obliquity have the greatest pressure response in a bird-strike analysis.
Congestion influence on bidding strategies in an electricity market

Much of the research on bidding strategies in an electricity market has focused on idealized situations where participants have limited market power and the transmission system is not constrained. Yet, congestion may act to effectively give a bidder market power, and consequently the ability to influence the market clearing price. In such a noncompetitive situation, the bidding strategies of market participants will change. In this paper, the electrical power market is modeled as an oligopoly market and the Cournot quantity model is applied to the bidding strategy problem. The bidding process with congestion management is modeled as a three level optimization problem. A statistical methodology is then proposed as a solution for large systems.
Albuterol Delivered by Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI), MDI with Spacer, and Rotahaler'" Device- A Comparison of Efficacy and Safety

A randomized double-blind, triple crossover study was conducted on 20 asthmatic patients (7 males and 13 females; age 40.9 ± 14.2 Caucasians, 11 blacks, and 1 oriental. Criteria for admission included FEV1 ≤ 80% of predicted when inhaled β-agonists were witheld for at least 6 hrs and oral β-agonists for 12 hr, in addition to at least 15% increase in FEV1, 15 min after treatment with albuterol with spacer delivery. Each of the study patients were tested on each of 3 separate days (within the same week) at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min post treatment. On each day albuterol was delivered by one of the 3 delivery devices and the other two methods delivered placebo. Albuterol was administered at the maximum recommended dosages of two puffs for MDI. Two puffs for MDI with spacer, and two capsules for RotahalerTM. Spirometry, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at each testing interval.The mean percentage in FEV1 was higher in Rotahaler group compared to MDI with spacer (p < 0.001...
Energy dissipation by partial discharge in cryogenic cables

In general the two contributions to aging in lapped tape insulated cables are partial discharge and thermal heating. At cryogenic temperatures, thermal aging is expected to be negligible, leaving partial discharge as the primary aging mechanism. Using data obtained with a digital partial discharge detector, the energy dissipated by PD can be determined from the product of the apparent charge of each PD pulse times the instantaneous applied voltage and summing over ail pulses. This can be shown to be equivalent to the product of actual charge and the internal voltage at the site of PD. It can also be shown that the slope, n, of the log plot of energy dissipation versus voltage is the same, n, in the exponent of the power law used in aging studies. We will show data on energy dissipation versus voltage for lapped tape insulated cable in pressurized liquid nitrogen and compare the n from that data with aging data reported in the literature.
Model Selection in Historical Biogeography Reveals that Founder-Event Speciation Is a Crucial Process in Island Clades

Founder-event speciation, where a rare jump dispersal event founds a new genetically isolated lineage, has long been considered crucial by many historical biogeographers, but its importance is disputed within the vicariance school. Probabilistic modeling of geographic range evolution creates the potential to test different biogeographical models against data using standard statistical model choice procedures, as long as multiple models are available. I re-implement the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model of LAGRANGE in the R package BioGeoBEARS, and modify it to create a new model, DEC+J, which adds founder-event speciation, the importance of which is governed by a new free parameter, j. The identifiability of DEC and DEC+J is tested on data sets simulated under a wide range of macroevolutionary models where geography evolves jointly with lineage birth/death events. The results confirm that DEC and DEC+J are identifiable even though these models ignore the fact that molecular phylogenies are missing many cladogenesis and extinction events. The simulations also indicate that DEC will have substantially increased errors in ancestral range estimation and parameter inference when the true model includes +J. DEC and DEC+J are compared on 13 empirical data sets drawn from studies of island clades. Likelihood-ratio tests indicate that all clades reject DEC, and AICc model weights show large to overwhelming support for DEC+J, for the first time verifying the importance of founder-event speciation in island clades via statistical model choice. Under DEC+J, ancestral nodes are usually estimated to have ranges occupying only one island, rather than the widespread ancestors often favored by DEC. These results indicate that the assumptions of historical biogeography models can have large impacts on inference and require testing and comparison with statistical methods. (BioGeoBEARS; cladogenesis; extinction; founder-event speciation; GeoSSE; historical biogeography; jump dispersal; LAGRANGE.)
The role of excited singlet molecular oxygen in the photodegradation of functional squarylium dyes

Stern–Volmer analysis and competitive photo–oxidation experiments of some squarylium dyes with nickel bis(dithiobenzil), an efficient singlet oxygen quencher, have been carried out in chloroform solution and cellulose acetate film, in order to study the photodegradation mechanism of the dyes for optical data storage systems. From both sets of experiments it was found that the photodegradation reactions of squarylium dyes involve oxidation by singlet oxygen in a self–sensitised process, and that singlet oxygen quenchers such as nickel dithiolato complexes have an inhibiting effect on the photoreaction of the dyes. The relative rate constants for the reaction with singlet oxygen from the competitive photo–oxidation experiments were determined. It is shown that the use of singlet oxygen quenchers is effective for improving the light fastness of thin layers of squarylium dyes on polycarbonate substrates.
Scanning Magnetoresistance Microscopy Analysis of Bit Patterned Media Playback

A scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM) was used to enable recording experiments on bit patterned media prototypes not yet suitable for spin-stand evaluation. The SMRM generates a 2D playback response of the media by “dragging” a recording head across the sample using a piezoelectric nanopositioner. A large-scale parameter optimization technique is applied to extract relevant parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse width, and pulse position from the 2D playback response. The parameters were analyzed to learn that the pulse response of our recording head cannot be accurately modeled as a Gaussian function. The error in the optimized parameters is dominated by intertrack interference and to a lesser extent measurement resolution and thermal drift.
Microwave Instrumentation for UAV Platforms Enabling Thin Ice Measurement

The use of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) for microwave remote sensing is important in ice research. The current methods of taking core samples on foot are potentiall y dangerous research that only can sample the ice thickness on an “as accessible” basis. The remote sensing equipment is pulled on a sled and limits the research team significantly. A microwave instrument and UAV platform called the Cryospheric Experiment al Synthetic Array Radiometer (CESAR) was proposed for development on the instrument incubator program. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), and Langley Research Center (LaRC) have plans to develop microwave instruments for UAVs.
Fragmentation pathways of selectively labeled propranolol using electrospray ionization on an ion trap mass spectrometer and comparison with ions formed by electron impact

Propranolol, deuterium- and 18O-labeled propranolol and related compounds were analyzed using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a modified Finnigan API electrospray interface. Sequential product ion (MSn) experiments were used to elucidate fragmentation pathways for these compounds. The observed ions were compared to those observed under electron impact (EI) conditions. The electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap spectra, as well as the EI spectra, afford useful information to allow assignments of most product ions, many of which retain portions of the aliphatic three-carbon side chain.
Physicians' perceptions of adherence to prophylactic clotting factor infusions.

Summary. The objective of this study was to investigate whether paediatric Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC) physicians are concerned about poor adherence to prophylaxis and if such concerns decrease prescription of prophylaxis in patients with haemophilia. Fifty-nine HTC physicians completed a written survey based on self-report of individual practice. Fifty-one (86%) prescribed prophylaxis on a routine basis. Overall, 32 (54%) believed that 76–100% of the patients on prophylaxis infuse ≥80% of the recommended prophylaxis doses and 25 (42%) believed that 51–75% of the patients infuse ≥80% of the doses. Physicians utilize multi-modal methods to make this assessment. Forty-eight (81%) respondents identified that perceptions of patient non-adherence decrease their prescription of prophylaxis. In fact, 30% decided not to prescribe prophylaxis for individual patients within the last year secondary to concerns about non-adherence. Strategies should be developed to improve the implementation of prophylaxis.
Variation of Shear Strength Properties with Organic Fraction in Unsaturated Synthetic Municipal Solid Waste

The proportion of the constituent materials in fresh MSW varies from location to location; as does the attendant shear strength. Highly heterogeneous nature of MSW composition makes it difficult to compare shear strength properties of samples from two different locations. The wide variation in shear strength properties is attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the composition and the level of biodegradation of MSW. MSW shear strength found in literature typically indicates an increase in the angle of friction of with degradation. However, it is not very clear what contributes to the cohesive properties in MSW. Cohesion values from the published studies are often difficult to interpret and compare due to the limited information on the composition of the tested materials. The research described in this paper is an attempt to understand how the shear strength properties vary with the rapidly biodegradable organic fraction in MSW. During this research a series of laboratory tests were conducted on unsaturated synthetic MSW using an automated direct shear testing machine. The preliminary results from this investigation revealed that the increase in the fraction of organics (such as food waste) can result in decreased friction and increased cohesive properties in MSW.
A performance comparison of DRAM memory system optimizations for SMT processors

Memory system optimizations have been well studied on single-threaded systems; however, the wide use of simultaneous multithreading (SMT) techniques raises questions over their effectiveness in the new context. In this study, we thoroughly evaluate contemporary multi-channel DDR SDRAM and Rambus DRAM systems in SMT systems, and search for new thread-aware DRAM optimization techniques. Our major findings are: (1) in general, increasing the number of threads tends to increase the memory concurrency and thus the pressure on DRAM systems, but some exceptions do exist; (2) the application performance is sensitive to memory channel organizations, e.g. independent channels may outperform ganged organizations by up to 90%; (3) the DRAM latency reduction through improving row buffer hit rates becomes less effective due to the increased bank contentions; and (4) thread-aware DRAM access scheduling schemes may improve performance by up to 30% on workload mixes of memory-intensive applications. In short, the use of SMT techniques has somewhat changed the context of DRAM optimizations but does not make them obsolete.
Finite Strain Micromorphic Pressure-Sensitive Plasticity

A finite strain micromorphic pressure-sensitive plasticity model is formulated starting with thermodynamically conjugate stresses and plastic deformation rates in the reduced dissipation inequality, written in the intermediate configuration. Isotropic linear elasticity and nonassociative Drucker–Prager plasticity with cohesion hardening/softening are assumed for the constitutive equations. The reduced dissipation inequality dictates three levels of plastic evolution: (1) evolution of Fp , the plastic part of the deformation gradient; (2) evolution of χp , the plastic part of the microdeformation tensor; and (3) evolution of ∇¯ χp , the covariant derivative of χp . A semi-implicit time integration of the stress and plastic evolution equations is outlined after assuming small elastic deformations and Cartesian coordinates for the current configuration.
Oxidative stress and regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes in cytochrome P4502E1 transgenic mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver

Background and Aim: Reactive oxygen species produced by cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) are believed to play a role in pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the expression, protein content and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes and the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a source of reactive nitrogen species, in NAFLD. In the present study, we evaluate gene expression, protein content and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and iNOS, in a CYP2E1 overexpressing model of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Methods: Non-transgenic (nTg) and CYP2E1 transgenic (Tg) mice were fed rodent chow for 8 months. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver triglycerides, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls were measured. Gene expression of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase-1, -2 (SOD-1,2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and iNOS were determined. Protein content, activity and nitrosylation of the enzymes were also measured. Results: Tg mice had greater CYP2E1 activity and histological liver injury. MDA and protein carbonyls were increased, indicating insufficient anti-oxidant response. Gene expression of Nrf2, CAT, GPx, HO-1 and iNOS were significantly increased. Protein content and enzyme activities of most anti-oxidant enzymes were not correspondingly increased. iNOS activity and nitrosylation of CAT and SOD was greater in Tg mice liver. Conclusion: Hepatocyte-specific CYP2E1 overexpression results in increased oxidative stress and nitrosative stress. Several anti-oxidant enzymes are upregulated. Failure of corresponding increase in total protein and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes suggests modification/degradation, possibly by nitrosylation, due to increased iNOS activity in a CYP2E1 overexpressing NAFL mouse model.
LOCAL AUTOINOCULATION OF THE SENSITIZED ORGANISM WITH FOREIGN PROTEIN AS A CAUSE OF ABNORMAL REACTIONS

The skin irritant, xylol, when applied to the ears of sensitized and reinjected rabbits often causes a severe inflammation with the formation of crusts and destruction of tissue. Dry gangrene of the entire ear tip may result (Figs. 1, 2, and 3). The same agent, applied in the same dosage and in the same way, to the ears of (1) normal rabbits, (2) normal rabbits injected once with horse serum (serum controls), or (3) sensitized but not reinjected rabbits, causes only a mild inflammation with more or less edema. The inflammation and edema disappear in 2 or 3 days, leaving a practically normal ear. The ear lesions of the sensitized reinjected rabbits which develop after the application of xylol are interpreted as a primary anaphylactic reaction. This primary anaphylactic reaction is considered the result of a local autoinoculation of the ear tissues with circulating antigen. The local autoinoculation is brought about by the irritant action of the xylol which causes an inflammation and edema of the site of application. An anaphylactic reaction may now occur because the inflamed tissues are more active metabolically than normal tissues and therefore the inflamed cells are affected by more antigen per unit of time than the normal cells. A subliminal concentration of antigen for non-inflamed, sensitized cells may thus become effective when inflamed sensitized cells are concerned. This process may theoretically occur in any tissue of a sensitized animal which can show an anaphylactic reaction, for example the intestines, lungs, heart, skin, nerves, arteries, etc. It is possible that this interplay of conditions may explain a number of functional abnormalities in the human subject.
Health Promotion Over the Life Course Strategies for Effective Action I. The Historical and Social Context

For health promotion policy to be effective, it must take into account the historical and social context. The increase in life expectancy and health improvements in this century are impressive, and most persons can now anticipate relatively long lives and good health. Health promotion generally is advanced within a context of competing values, and the consequences of health promotion activities are generally stated in higher probabilities of avoidance of health problems in the future. This probability, rather than direct future consequences, may not be persuasive enough to the population to affect change in activities that provide more immediate and direct gratification, and, thus, attempts at health promotion may not be effective. The dissemination of information on health issues has increased dramatically, and societal values concerning health are changing. Fostering health promotion is associated with costs, both monetary and social, and since these costs rise, the investments in health promotion may b...
Recovery in complex ecosystems

Current ecosystem theory has a deceptively simple representation of recovery. In actual practice,recovery is affected by the frequency and extent of disturbances and by the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological system. Environmental changes may pass through thresholds causing recovery to a different plant and animal community. The sheer complexity of the system combined with unanticipated synergistic effects can make recovery trajectories difficult or impossible to predict. New theoretical constructs,based on stochastic nonlinear theory, will be needed to guide research and applications.
Power Control Strategy for Distributed Multiple-Hypothesis Detection

We introduce a local-channel power control strategy applicable to multiple-hypothesis distributed detection systems communicating over slow-fading orthogonal multiple-access channels. In earlier work, it was demonstrated that performance could be improved by adjusting transmit power to maximize the J-divergence measure of a binary detection system. The local power control strategy introduced here further improves performance by exploiting a priori probabilities and local sensor statistics. Moreover, the local power optimization can be combined with additional power control based on the state of the propagation channel. We extend the optimization to systems performing multiple-hypothesis detection, and evaluate outage probability for these systems. Various numerical results are shown.
Leukotriene D4 excitation of rabbit distal colon arises in the region of the muscularis mucosae.

We previously have demonstrated in vivo that intra-arterial administration of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) causes increased myoelectric and mechanical activity in the rabbit distal colon. The aim of this study was to use both in vivo and in vitro techniques to try to elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect. In vivo the excitatory response of the rabbit distal colon to LTD4 was abolished by pretreatment with atropine (0.1 mg/kg iv) or hexamethonium (5 mg/kg iv) or the LTD4 receptor antagonist SK&F 102922 (0.8 micrograms/kg ia). In vitro neither the longitudinal nor the circular muscle layer responded to LTD4 (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) with a contractile response. Over the same concentration range, LTD4 caused contractions of the muscularis mucosae that were attenuated by either SK&F 102922 (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) or indomethacin (10(-6) M) but were unaffected by atropine (10(-6) M), pyrilamine (10(-6) M), or tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). Full thickness segments of longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, and muscularis mu...
A Model of Attitude toward Mobile Location-Based Services

At a recent Cornell Hospitality Research summit, Expedia presented its study that more Internet access occurs through mobile devices than by laptop or desktop. This trend is going to increase in the future. Location-based service is the new frontiers for hospitality practitioners to enhance customer engagement and retention. This research studies the attitude to location-based services for hospitality customers, and how it relates to the perceived usefulness of the mobile phone, a latent construct measured by the perceived social functions and perceived usability of mobile phone. A survey was conducted among customers of hotels and restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area. A structural equation model was developed. Results indicate that usability and social functions are important aspects of perceived usefulness of the mobile phone, and this perceived usefulness affects the attitude to location-based services. Implications of the research for hospitality practitioners are discussed.
Diastolic myocardial wall stiffness of the left ventricle in chronic pressure overload.

Five dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular (LV) micromanometer, pairs of ultrasonic crystals to measure L V short axis and L V wall thickness and an inflatable cuff around the ascending aorta. Wall stress, midwall strain and strain rate were calculated at rest, after acute pressure elevation, and one, two and three weeks as well as 24 h after release of aortic constriction. Myocardial wall stiffness and viscosity were determined from a viscoelastic stress-strain model. Reference values at zero pressure were determined in all five dogs. LV end-diastolic pressure increased from 7 mm Hg at rest to 25 mm Hg after acute pressure elevation, to 18 mm Hg after two weeks and decreased to 16 mm Hg after three weeks of pressure elevation, and 11 mm Hg at release of aortic constriction. L V peak systolic pressure increased from 140 mm Hg at rest to 218 mm Hg after acute pressure elevation, to 227 mm Hg after three weeks of pressure elevation and returned to normal (143 mm Hg) after cuff release. Diastolic myocardial wall stiffness showed no change from 23 at rest to 19 after acute pressure elevation, but increased to 47 after one and 81 after two weeks, and it decreased to 50 after three weeks and 45 after cuff release. Myocardial viscosity increased from 0.1 at rest to 3.0 after acute pressure elevation and remained elevated during chronic pressure elevation. The reference values at zero filling pressure showed an increase in LV short axis (creep) from 25.6 mm at rest to a maximum of 28.9 mm after one and two weeks of pressure elevation and then decreased to 27.0 mm after three weeks. LV wall thickness at zero pressure increased from 12.8 mm at rest to 13.7 mm after three weeks of pressure elevation and remained elevated after cuff release (13.8 mm). Thus, diastolic myocardial wall stiffness increased during the initial stages of chronic pressure overload during ventricular dilatation, but decreased when dilatation regressed and concentric hypertrophy developed. Myocardial viscosity was increased during both acute and chronic pressure overload. It is suggested that the early increase in myocardial stiffness may be more importantly related to ventricular dilatation with creep than to wall hypertrophy per se.
Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts.

Objectives. To examine the associations between obesity and multiple aspects of the food environments, at home and in the neighborhood.Methods. Our study included 38 650 individuals nested in 18 381 households located in 2104 US counties. Our novel home food environment measure, USDAScore, evaluated the adherence of a household’s monthly expenditure shares of 24 aggregated food categories to the recommended values based on US Department of Agriculture food plans. The US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (2008), the detailed food purchase information in the IRi Consumer Panel scanner data (2008–2012), and its associated MedProfiler data set (2012) constituted the main sources for neighborhood-, household-, and individual-level data, respectively.Results. After we controlled for a number of confounders at the individual, household, and neighborhood levels, USDAScore was negatively linked with obesity status, and a census tract–level indicator of food desert status was positively associated with obesi...
Abstract 584: The Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in South Asians

Objective: South Asians (individuals from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than other ethnic groups, however this increased risk cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. We investigated the association of psychosocial risk factors with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), a measure of subclinical CVD, in a community-based cohort of South Asians living in the United States. Methods: A total of 906 individuals from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study, aged 40-83, were included in this cross-sectional analysis. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography was used to measure right and left common cIMT (CCA) and internal cIMT (ICA). Linear regression analyses were done to test the associations of the following psychosocial variables: anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, current and prior 6-month life stress, social support, and everyday hassles with CCA and ICA. In a multivariable model, results were adjusted for the following traditional CVD risk factors: age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, education, physical activity, diabetes, BMI, smoking, and total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Interaction effects between sex and psychosocial variables were also tested. Results: In age- and sex- adjusted analyses, current life stress and life stress over the past 6 months were positively associated with CCA [mean difference per 1-SD increase (CI) was 0.014 (0.001-0.028; p=0.042) and 0.015 (0.001-0.029; p=0.031), respectively], but were no longer significant after adjusting for other CVD covariates. There was a significant sex interaction with anxiety (p=0.044). Among men, anxiety was positively associated with CCA [mean difference per 1-SD increase (CI) was 0.021 (0.001-0.041; p=0.04) in age-adjusted analyses, and 0.022 (0.002-0.042; p=0.031) in a fully adjusted model]. ICA was not associated with any psychosocial factor. Conclusion: Compared to results in other ethnic groups, there was no significant association between trait anger and cIMT in South Asians. Anxiety was associated with CCA independent of traditional CVD risk factors in men alone.
Negotiating with the Millennial Generation (WITHDRAWN)

One of the most important issues in modern society is how, in the face of new communication technologies, society modifies how its members develop relationships and foster cooperation. As people rely more heavily on emails, instant messages, and text messages, they become accustomed to using these media to establish trusting relationships. We explore theoretical and practical parameters of this process and its implications for encouraging cooperation in negotiations. Communication is a critical component for successful negotiations (Bazerman, Curhan, Moore, & Valley, 2000; Valley, Moag, & Bazerman, 1998). Researchers have looked at the use of different communication media in negotiations (Bazerman, Curhan, Moore & Valley, 2000; Thompson & Nadler, 2002; Valley et al. 1998). As individuals change their natural communicating means, the relative ability of different media to enhance cooperation is also likely to change (Fulk & DeSanctis, 1995; Prensky, 2001; Wellman, 2001). For the Millennial Generation this ...
President-Elect’s Address

![Figure][1] Wow! What an honor, what a responsibility. On Wednesday I will become President of this exceptional organization. It is a humbling, yet proud time. It is a time, in fact, you would really like to share with your mother. Well, I can; she is here. My mom, Kathy Hovland. And next to
Efficient and universal testing method of user interface based on SilkTest and XML

In software testing,User Interface(UI) testing plays an important role to ensure software quality and reliability.Concerning the lack of stability and generality in the UI testing method for handle recognition,an improved method of recognizing and testing UI controls based on Extensible Markup Language(XML) was proposed through the introduction of XML.The method used the features of XML which processed data conveniently and combined the automation testing tool SilkTest to improve the traditional UI testing.Concerning the features of multi-language and multi-version in AutoCAD,the automation testing scheme was designed on the basis of the proposed method to test dialog box in a series of AutoCAD products.The experimental results show that the improved method reduces recognition time of the controls and the redundancy of the program.Also it improves the efficiency of the testing and the stability of UI controls recognition.
Comparing Paradigms for AIED in ICT4D: Classroom, Institutional, and Informal.

The landscape of technology in the developing world is changing significantly, primarily due to the rapid expansion of mobile computing devices. These changes make it important to re-evaluate practices for internet and communications technology for development (ICT4D). This paper examines three alternative paradigms for educational technology in the developing world: traditional classroom systems, institution-wide systems, and informal learning systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each paradigm are considered in terms of barriers to adoption at the student, teacher, and institutional level. Consideration is also given to educational technologies that serve as models for each type.
Ammonium interaction with the epithelial sodium channel.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effect of NH3/NH 4 + on mouse epithelial Na+ channels (mENaC) expressed in Xenopusoocytes. Two-electrode voltage-clamp and ion-selective micr...
Surgical Reconstruction After Extensive Skull Base Surgery

Skull base surgery is a rapidly expanding surgical subspecialty bringing together the sophisticated surgical skills of the neurotologist-head and neck surgeon and the neurosurgeon. Newly described surgical approaches to the skull base have made possible greater surgical ablation of the skull base region, resulting in large defects and thus heightening the need for reconstructing these regions. Prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks is the most important aspect of reconstruction and is achieved most readily when possible by dural patch grafts of fascia lata, coverage of the dura with soft tissue, and preservation of the soft tissue utilizing skin or split thickness skin grafts. Soft tissue may be in the form of free fascia lata grafts, pedicled galeal flaps, or local or regional skin flaps. Defects of the skull base larger than a few square centimeters are best reconstructed with local or regional skin flaps or musculocutaneous flaps. These flaps lend sufficient structural support so that bone support is not usually required. Subsequent cranioplasty, when necessary, can provide protection to those regions of the brain that are more susceptible to blunt trauma.
Physiological And Transcriptomic Analyses In Escherischia coli Reveal Effects On Stress Associated Metabolism In The Presence of Oxidized Graphene

Graphene is a carbon nanomaterial that has a great potential to be used in wide variety of fields especially in biomedical applications. However, the environmental and health effects of graphene-de...
The effect of injection parameters and boost pressure on diesel-propane dual fuel low temperature combustion in a single-cylinder research engine

Abstract Diesel-ignited propane dual fuel low temperature combustion was characterized in a single-cylinder research engine (SCRE) at constant values of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP of 5.1 bar), engine speed (1500 rpm), and propane energy substitution (PES = 80%). The effects of three important engine parameters (start of injection (SOI) of diesel fuel, common-rail pressure (Prail) for diesel injection, and boost pressure (Pin)) on engine performance, combustion, and emissions were examined. As SOI was advanced from 355 absolute crank angle degrees (CAD) (or 5° BTDC) to 280 CAD for constant Prail = 500 bar and Pin = 1.5 bar, the apparent heat release rate (AHRR) profiles changed from a two-stage, “diesel-like” combustion process to a smooth, “Gaussian-like,” single-stage combustion process, that was representative of more homogeneous combustion. In addition, with SOI advancement, the combustion phasing (CA50) was initially advanced but eventually occurred later for very early SOIs. Indicated-specific emissions of oxides of nitrogen (ISNOx) were reduced to about 0.12 g/kW h for SOIs advanced beyond 310 CAD while maintaining high indicated fuel conversion efficiencies (IFCEs). While smoke emissions were below 0.1 FSN for all conditions tested in this study, indicated-specific hydrocarbon (ISHC) and carbon monoxide (ISCO) emissions were high at both very early and very late SOIs. Efficiency-emissions tradeoffs indicated an “optimal” SOI of 310 CAD under these conditions, which was chosen for further studies at different Prail and Pin. Decreasing Prail from 1300 bar to 200 bar at Pin = 1.5 bar led to a steep increase in ISNOx emissions for Prail below 400 bar; however IFCE and smoke were relatively invariant with Prail. Boost pressure effects were then quantified at Prail = 500 bar. As Pin was increased from 1.1 bar to 1.8 bar, the ignition delay decreased and the AHRR profiles continued to exhibit single-stage combustion, albeit with different rates and peak magnitudes. Moreover, with increasing Pin, the IFCE and ISCO increased while ISNOx and ISHC decreased slightly. Finally, the impact of SOI, Prail, and Pin variations on engine stability (i.e., COV of IMEP), maximum pressure rise rates (MPRRs), and combustion duration were also characterized.