cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation of mode of induction and cycle length of ventricular tachycardia: Analysis of 104 patients☆

Abstract One hundred four consecutive patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) were examined to correlate the cycle length with the mode of initiation of VT (single, double, and triple extrastimuli and rapid pacing). Tachycardias induced with a single extrastimulus were slower (342 ± 72 ms, mean cycle length) than those induced with double (295 ± 60 ms) or triple (282 ± 56 ms) extrastimuli or rapid pacing (293 ± 40 ms). There were no differences among the last 3 groups. In 38 patients who had endocardial catheter mapping to determine the site of origin of VT, distance from stimulation site to the site of origin was estimated and correlated with mode of initiation. There was no difference in mode of initiation when the stimulation site was close ( 8 cm) from the site of origin. To address the issue of distance from stimulation site to the site of origin somewhat differently, mode of initiation was correlated with site of previous myocardial infarction in 69 patients with VT initiated from the right ventricular apex. Again, mode of initiation did not differ among patients with septal, inferior, lateral, or multiple myocardial infarctions. Thus, cycle length of VT initiated with a single extrastimulus was slower than that initiated with double or triple extrastimuli or rapid pacing and the mode of initiation of VT was unrelated to site of myocardial infarction or distance between stimulation site and site of origin of VT.
Studies of DASMS, a novel organic salt with very large electro-optic coefficient

Summary form only given. Specific stilbazolium salts possess high electro-optic coefficients. The strong Coulomb interactions between charged molecules result in favorable alignment of the chromophores in the crystal enhancing the nonlinear optical effect. We have synthesized and prepared single-crystal thin-films of a novel organic salt, 4'-dimethyl-amino-4-methylstilbazolium methanesulfonate (DASMS). X-ray diffraction and polarized UV-visible spectroscopic measurements were performed on the single-crystal films. An electro-optic modulator has been demonstrated by using the single-crystal thin-film of DASMS. The electro-optic coefficient of DASMS has been determined by field-induced birefringence measurements. As is discussed, a very large electro-optic coefficient has been observed for these novel thin-films.
DNA loop domains in mammalian spermatozoa.

The highly condensed and tightly packaged DNA of hamster spermatozoa was found to be organized into topologically constrained DNA loop domains attached at their bases to a nuclear matrix. The loop domains of the sperm nuclei differed from somatic cell loop domains from the same animal in two aspects. Sperm loop domains were 60% smaller than somatic cell loop domains, with an average DNA length of 46±7 kb in sperm as compared with 16±11 kb in brain. Secondly, unlike virtually all somatic cell DNA known which is negatively supercoiled, sperm DNA was devoid of detectable supercoiling. The presence of the loop domain structure in the highly condensed DNA of mammalian spermatozoa suggests that this motif is a fundamental aspect of eukaryotic DNA organization.
Transfer of inhibitory stimulus control in operant feature-negative discriminations

Abstract Two experiments examined transfer of stimulus control after discrete-trial operant serial (T+ /F→T−) and simultaneous (T+/FT−) feature-negative discrimination training in rats. The temporal arrangement of feature (F) and target (T) affected both the learning and the expression of inhibitory stimulus control. Simple conditioned inhibition was established with both the serial and simultaneous procedures, but was revealed in performance only with simultaneous test trials. In contrast, negative occasion setting was established only with serial training compounds, but was revealed in both serial and simultaneous test compounds. Negative occasion setting was characterized by minimal transfer to separately trained target cues (but substantial transfer to a target of another feature-negative discrimination) and by its immunity to counterconditioning. Simple inhibition was characterized by its ready transfer to other target cues (regardless of training history) and by its elimination after counterconditioning. Both simple inhibitors and negative occasion setters readily suppressed the performance of new operant responses that were controlled by suitable target cues, but that transfer was not complete. Implications of these data for hypotheses about the loci of action of inhibitors and negative occasion setters in operant conditioning were discussed.
The challenge of selection bias and confounding in palliative care research.

The early successes of hospital- and community-based hospice and palliative care programs have led to rapid growth of these services over the past several decades.1,2 This widespread adoption is generally seen as a positive addition to the care of patients with complex illness. However, the growth in palliative care and hospice programs creates challenges for research, especially in the use of randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, which are deemed the gold standard of research methods because of their ability to control for biases in the estimates of treatment effects. As Carlson and Morrison3 noted in their introduction to this research methods series, sometimes RCTs can be impossible to conduct due to inherent challenges in recruiting seriously ill participants, or may not be ethically appropriate in the absence of clinical equipoise. To date, observational studies have provided much of the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of palliative care interventions on outcomes including pain and symptom management,4–9 communication between clinicians, patients, and families,10–13 patient and family satisfaction with care,8,14 and on reducing the costs of care while maintaining or improving quality.8,15–20 Observational studies have been criticized for their methodological weaknesses, yet it would be a mistake to dismiss their use as they have and will continue to offer important insights into the real world of hospice and palliative care.
Utilizing straw as a filler in thermoplastic building materials

Abstract A recent addition to the list of composite building materials is plastic lumber. While utilizing recycled plastics as building materials promotes recycling, plastic lumber itself is a poor replacement for solid wood. Research is underway to improve the mechanical properties of wood/polymer composites. This report investigates the use of Willamette Valley rye grass straw as a filler in the commodity plastics polyethylene ( pe ) and polystyrene ( ps ). Since recycled plastics are often mixtures, blends of pe and ps were studied. A compatibilizer was used to improve the properties of the plastic blends. Composites of blends of plastics filled with straw showed a linear relationship in strength and stiffness. Straw performs similarly to wood as a filler in these systems. In composites containing only one plastic, the performance of straw as a filler seemed slightly superior to wood in polyethylene and slightly inferior in polystyrene. The properties observed here compare favourably to those of commercial products and suggest that improvements in these products are possible.
Low recurrence rate after Gore-Tex/Marlex composite patch repair for posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Abstract Purpose Many different prosthetic materials have been used for repair of large posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH), with high recurrence rates for hernias that cannot be primarily repaired. Since 1993, we have used a composite patch of Gore-Tex/Marlex to repair large CDHs and hypothesized that this repair leads to fewer recurrences. Methods This is a retrospective review of 137 consecutive patients with CDH cared for at a single institution from 1993 to 2004. Data collected include timing and method of repair and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Outcomes include hernia recurrence, complications, and death. Results One hundred thirty-seven patients with CDH were analyzed. Repair was not attempted in 12 because of disease severity. Primary repair was accomplished in 79 and 46 required patch repair. Of the 46 patients with patch repairs, 32 required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 18 died before discharge. Of the 28 patch repair survivors, 1 (3.57%) developed a recurrence over a median follow-up of 47 months (range, 2-115 months). Overall survival was 77%. Conclusions Gore-Tex/Marlex composite patch repair of large CDHs in this complex patient population results in a lower recurrence rate than has been reported for other types of prosthetic diaphragm repair.
Concanavalin A alters the turnover rate of tyrosine aminotransferase in cultured hepatoma cells

Concanavalin A added to monolayer cultures of Reuber H-35 hepatoma cells caused a rapid inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase (L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.5) and loss of reactivity with antibody against the native, dimeric enzyme. Analysis of treated cells with an antibody raised against carboxymethylated, denatured enzyme showed that the inactivated enzyme was reactive with this reagent, which does not react with the native enzyme. Subsequent addition of alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside to remove concanavalin A restored both enzyme activity and reactivity to antibody against native enzyme. After long-term treatment with concanavalin A, the restored enzyme levels were significantly higher than in controls treated with the sugar but not the lectin. Analysis of the turnover of the enzyme by two methods revealed that the rate of its degradation is reduced about 2-fold in concanavalin A-treated cells. Treatment with H-35 cells with concanavalin A thus effects an alteration in conformation of tyrosine aminotransferase, rendering it somewhat less sensitive to intracellular degradation.
Quantitative alteration of some aortic intima proteins in fatty streaks and fibro-fatty lesions.

Abstract Proteins from grossly and histologically normal human aortic intimas and human aortic intima with fatty streaks or fibro-fatty lesions were extracted with 9 M urea mixture. Protein extracts were mixed with an internal absorbance calibrator (carbonic anhydrase) and subsequently separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, silver stained, and quantitated by a laser beam densitometer. The vascular-origin proteins actin, tropomyosin-like proteins, tubulin, glycoprotein G35, and two myosin light chains were present in the highest amounts in normal aortic intima (27-year-old male). Quantitation of vascular-origin proteins in aortic intima with a fibro-fatty lesion from the same subject showed a slight decrease in relative amount of these proteins as compared to the normal intima. Several polypeptides (P15, P18, P60, P110b) and plasma-derived proteins not observed in the normal intima were found in fibro-fatty lesion (albumin, haptoglobin β-chain, fibrinogen β-chain, α 1 -HS-glycoprotein). Other proteins which were present in very low amounts in the normal intima (transferrin, α 1 -antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A-1, P56, P190) were found to be major proteins of intima with fibro-fatty lesion. Differences in relative amount of plasma-derived and vascular-origin proteins between normal intima and intima with fatty streaks, studied in a large number of specimens from 38 thoracic intimas and 18 paired abdominal intimas (16–34 years old) were less prominent. Statistically significant increases of the albumin/actin ratio were found in fatty streaks as compared to paired normal intimas as well as in the mean value of albumin/actin ratio in the group of fibro-fatty lesions ( x = 6.1 ) as compared to the group of fatty streaks ( x = 1.7 ) or normal intima ( x = 0.7 ). Several lesion unique proteins were observed; however, the frequency of the occurrence of these proteins in 41 specimens with lesion was low. No significant differences were observed in intima protein pattern and quantities of selected intima proteins between paired thoracic and abdominal aortas.
Photonically enabled Ka-band radar and infrared sensor subscale testbed

A subscale radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) testbed using novel RF-photonics techniques for generating radar waveforms is currently under development at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to study target scenarios in a laboratory setting. The linearity of Maxwell’s equations allows the use of millimeter wavelengths and scaled-down target models to emulate full-scale RF scene effects. Coupled with passive IR and visible sensors, target motions and heating, and a processing and algorithm development environment, this testbed provides a means to flexibly and cost-effectively generate and analyze multi-modal data for a variety of applications, including verification of digital model hypotheses, investigation of correlated phenomenology, and aiding system capabilities assessment. In this work, concept feasibility is demonstrated for simultaneous RF, IR, and visible sensor measurements of heated, precessing, conical targets and of a calibration cylinder. Initial proof-of-principle results are shown of the Ka-band subscale radar, which models S-band for 1/10th scale targets, using stretch processing and Xpatch models.
Targeted testing methods for reliability validation of components and systems

Methods for designing targeted tests for reliability validation of structures obtained from reliability-based design are presented. These methods optimise the test parameters to minimise the variance in the estimated reliability (or equivalently the failure probability) estimated from the tests. The tests are designed using information from analytical models used in reliability-based design. Both analytical tests, in which very detailed models are used as reference, and physical tests can be designed using the methods presented. The methods are demonstrated on examples and their robustness to errors in the analytical models used to design the tests is assessed.
Possible explanation of the radiation observed by Van Allen at high altitudes in satellites

We consider the possibility, suggested byP. Rothwell andT. Gold in conversation with the author, that the radiation observed byVan Allen and co-workers at high altitudes is due to the decay electrons and protons from neutrons produced in the earth’s atmosphere by cosmic rays and stored in the earth’s magnetic field. Order of magnitude estimates for the densities to be expected are presented. Only scattering loss is considered. Using a lifetime of 3 · 109 s for loss through scattering, an upper limit of 10−2 electrons/cm3 near the earth and .05 (RE/r0)3 electrons/cm3 at large distancesr0 in the equatorial plane is obtained. The proton density at large distances is .03(RE/r0)2 cm−3, for a lifetime of 1012 s. If plasma accelerations are not important, then the spectrum of electrons will be that of neutron β-decay. The protons are produced by fast neutrons coming directly from nuclear stars and their spectrum will be approximately that of the protons from stars. The electron density is sufficient to give a counting rate a few times larger than is observed, while the proton density is sufficient to give a counting rate 104 times higher than the observed lower limit. The lifetimes of stored particles are therefore probably much less than those given by scattering. There should be a strong latitude effect which is roughly estimated as proportional to cos6λ. Reasons are given for believing that collective effects will reduce the density below this near the poles.
Influence of Vehicle Dielectric Properties on Acetaminophen Bioavailability from Polyethylene Glycol Suppositories

The rectal absorption of acetaminophen from an aqueous solution and from several polyethylene glycol base dosage forms was studied in six human subjects using urinary excretion measurements. A relationship was observed between acetaminophen bioavailability and the dielectric properties of the vehicles utilized. The in vitro dissolution rates of acetaminophen in these dosage forms were also studied and were somewhat related to the time of occurrence of the maximum urinary excretion rate.
Differences in soil characteristics between field and forest may influence the distribution of an invasive earthworm

In northern North America, invasive earthworms (including the nightcrawler Lumbricus terrestris) have been dispersing from points of introduction and dramatically affecting soil structure, soil food webs, and forest floor dynamics. However, little is known about the factors influencing the local distribution of invasive earthworms south of the Wisconsinan glaciation. Earthworms were sampled at suspected sites of introduction near Mountain Lake Biological Field Station, Virginia, USA. The density of invasive earthworms decreased as distance from suspected sites of introduction increased; native earthworms displayed the opposite relationship. However, the distance that L. terrestris was found into the forest was less than expected given dispersal rates calculated from more northern invasions. We also found correlations among population densities of L. terrestris and physical–chemical properties of the soil, and differences between field and forest soils in terms of temperature, moisture, and soil chemical properties. We conducted two experiments to analyze some factors possibly responsible for the observed distribution: (1) temperature and moisture, and (2) soil type (field vs. forest) and food resources. Our results suggest that L. terrestris may not disperse as far into forested habitats of the Southern Appalachians compared to northern forests due to local physical-chemical soil characteristics.
Feedback-Coordinated Ramp Control of Consecutive On-Ramps Using Distributed Modeling and Godunov-Based Satisfiable Allocation

This paper presents a feedback control design for a coordinated ramp metering problem for two consecutive on-ramps. We design a traffic allocation scheme for ramps based on Godunov's numerical method and using a distributive model. Most of the previous work for designing feedback control for ramp metering is based on either the discretized linear methods or nonlinear methods based on the traffic ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We utilize the distributive model to construct a control condition for regulating the traffic density at critical density. Then, we design a Godunov-method-based satisfiable allocation scheme that gives us the actual control for each ramp individually. We show the stability properties of the closed-loop system and validate the effectiveness of the feedback control law by running a simulation using real traffic flow measurements with parameter estimation.
Come together? The organizational dynamics of post-merger cultural integration.

Cultural integration of two organizations following an acquisition depends on the compatibility of the contents of their respective cultures as well as the demographic flows of persons into and out of the new entity. Conducting simulations using an established formal demographic model of the enculturation process, we find that negative growth promotes cultural integration while positive growth impedes it, and that cultural integration proceeds more rapidly when the acquiring firm is large relative to the acquired firm. We also find that cultural recovery for merged firms experiencing either positive or negative growth is slower than for firms with zero growth.
Ab initio determination of americium ionization potentials

The first three ionization potentials of americium are calculated using ab initio spin–orbit configuration interaction techniques. These results are favorably compared to available experimental and previous theoretical work. The lowest two ionization potentials are accurately determined using wave functions constructed as simple single and double substitutions from a self-consistent field reference configuration with scalar relativistic effects included through an averaged relativistic pseudopotential. A determination of the third ionization potential to comparable accuracy requires inclusion of the spin–orbit operator and significant intermediate coupling with a resulting configuration expansion length in excess of 1.9 million double-group adapted functions. The solution to this problem was achieved by application of a new parallel spin–orbit configuration interaction component to the COLUMBUS Program System. A decomposition of the ionization potential calculation into parts either sensitive or largely insensitive to the spin–orbit operator is favorably tested, leading to hybrid calculations of improved accuracy.
William A. Newell, Class of 1836

While not an outstanding student at Rutgers, Newell (1817-1901) went on to have significant careers as a physician and a public servant.
Targeted and armed oncolytic adenovirus via chemoselective modification

Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) are an emerging alternative therapy for cancer; however, clinical trial have not yet demonstrated sufficient efficacy. When oncolytic Ads are used in combination with taxoids a synergistic increase in both cytotoxicity and viral replication is observed. In order to generate a next generation oncolytic adenovirus, virion were physically conjugated to a highly potent taxoid, SB-T-1214, and a folate targeting motif. Conjugation was enabled via the metabolic incorporation of non-canonical monosaccharides (O-GlcNAz) and amino acids (homopropargylglycine), which served as sites for chemoselective modification.
The mechanism of copper uptake mediated by human CTR1: a mutational analysis.

Cellular copper uptake is a prerequisite for the biosynthesis of many copper-dependent enzymes; disruption of copper uptake results in embryonic lethality. In humans, copper is transported into cells by hCTR1, a membrane protein, composed of 190 amino acids with only three trans-membrane segments. To provide insight into the mechanism of this unusual transporter, we characterized the functional properties of various hCTR1 mutants stably expressed in Sf9 cells. Most single amino acid substitutions involving charged and potential copper-coordinating residues have some influence on the Vmax and Km values for copper uptake but do not greatly alter hCTR1-mediated copper transport. However, there were two notable exceptions. Replacement of Tyr156 with Ala greatly reduced the maximal transport rate without effect on the Km value for copper. Also, replacement of His139 in the second trans-membrane segment with Arg caused a dramatic increase in the rate of copper uptake and a large increase in the Km value for copper. This effect was not seen with an Ala replacement, pointing to the role of a positive charge in modulating copper exit from the pathway. Truncated mutants demonstrated that the deletion of a large portion of the N-terminal domain only slightly decreased the apparent Km value for copper and decreased the rate of transport. Similar effects were observed with the removal of the last 11 C-terminal residues. The results suggested that the N and C termini, although nonessential for transport, may have an important role in facilitating the delivery of copper to and retrieving copper from, respectively, the translocation pathway. A model of how hCTR1 mediates copper entry into cells was proposed that included a rate-limiting site in the pore close to the intracellular exit.
The biogeochemistry and zoogeography of lakes and rivers in arctic Alaska

Water samples from 45 lakes and 8 rivers in arctic Alaska were analyzed for major anions, cations, nutrients, chlorophyll, zooplankton, and benthos. The waters were dilute (conductivities of 30 to 843 µS cm−1), and their composition varied from Na-Ca-Cl waters near the Arctic Ocean to Ca-Mg-HCO3 waters further inland. Sea salt input in precipitation was important in determining the chemistry of coastal lakes, partly because of low groundwater flow and less time for water to react with shallow unfrozen soils. Further inland, variations in water chemistry among sites were related mainly to differences in bedrock, the age of associated glacial drift, and the input of wind blown sediment. Variations in zooplankton species composition among the lakes were related more to latitude, lake morphometery, and biotic interactions than to water chemistry. The presence of fish as predators mostly determined the overall size structure of the zooplankton community. The chironomid taxa identified have been previously reported from the Neararctic, except for Corynocera oliveri which is a new record. The abundance of the widely distributed chironomid Procladius appears to be controlled by sculpin predation.
Supporting wind generation deployment with demand response

In this paper, we investigate how the demand-side of the electricity industry can provide a potential solution for the reliable integration of wind generation resources into power system operations. More specifically, we investigate how the consumers enrolled in demand response (DR) programs mechanisms which induce changes in load consumption through incentives or prices can provide a valuable demand-side reserve capacity which can help manage the unexpected deviations of actual wind generation from its forecast value. We also study how a levelized load profile can help accommodate wind generation on the system. Our analysis is based on a stochastic unit commitment model that explicitly represents the uncertainty in the day-ahead scheduling decisions using a two-stage stochastic program with recourse actions. We extend the standard formulation of this program to accommodate the outcomes the DR programs. Simulation results provide a proof of concept that DR-based reserve capacity is an effective mechanism to counter the volatility and uncertainty of wind resources. Also, studies indicate that load leveling can prove beneficial for systems with wind generation. Finally, our analysis raises some policy-related questions on the best possible ways to integrate wind generation into system operations and the risks that lie in wind integration without adequate backup from the demand-side.
Neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

During the past 15 years, treatment of stage IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer has evolved considerably because of improvements in patients selection, staging, and combined modality therapy. Results of several clinical trials suggest that induction chemotherapy or chemoradiation and surgical resection is superior to surgery alone. However, the optimal induction regimen has not been defined. An intergroup trial is also under-way to determine whether chemoradiation and surgical resection leads to better survival than chemotherapy and radiation alone. Future studies will assess ways to combine radiation and novel chemotherapeutic agents, and will identify molecular abnormalities that predict response to induction therapy.
Power electronics and motor drives-recent technology advances

Power electronics and motor drives constitute a vast, complex and interdisciplinary subject that has gone through rapid technological evolution during the last four decades. As the technology is advancing and apparatus cost is decreasing along with the improvement of reliability, their applications are expanding in industrial, commercial, residential, military, aerospace and utility environments. Many innovations in power semiconductor devices, converter topologies, analytical and simulation techniques, electrical machine drives, and control and estimation techniques are contributing to this advancement. The frontier of the technology has been further advanced by the artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, thus bringing more challenge to power electronic engineers. In the global industrial automation, energy generation, conservation and environmental pollution control trends of the 21st Century, the widespread impact of power electronics is inevitable. In this paper, recent advances of power devices, converters, variable frequency drives, advanced control and estimation techniques are briefly reviewed.
Effect of dietary protein level and quebracho tannin on consumption of pine needles (Pinus ponderosa) by beef cows

ABSTRACT Ponderosa pine trees occupy over 15 million hectares of rangeland in western North America. Pregnant cows often consume pine needles (PN), and subsequently abort. The protein-to-energy ratio may be important in the ability of cattle to tolerate dietary terpenes. Tannins often co-occur with terpenes and may also influence diet selection. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the protein-to-energy ratio or the addition of quebracho tannin to cattle diets would influence PN consumption. In trial 1, 15 cows in moderate body condition were assigned to high (15.4% CP), medium (10.2% CP), or low (4.9% CP) dietary protein treatments for 12 d. In trial 2, 15 cows were assigned to high (5%), medium (2.5%), or no (0%) quebracho tannin diets for 8 d. In both trials, green PN were offered at 0930 h for 90 min. There was a treatment effect (P = 0.05) and a treatment × day interaction (P = 0.01) for PN consumption, as cattle on the high CP treatment consumed more PN than cattle on the medium and low CP diets for 4 and 6 d, respectively. Initially, treatments did not differ (P > 0.09), but from d 3 to 9 cattle on the high CP treatment ate more PN than the other treatments. There was a day × treatment interaction (P = 0.002) for PN consumption; cattle on the 2.5% tannin treatment consumed less PN than did animals on the other treatments. Cattle are apparently unable to tolerate high quantities of PN terpenes on a low-protein diet. Tannins may influence PN consumption, but the mechanism is unknown.
The Cattle Gene Map

Cave paintings in Europe and North Africa depict wild cattle, the aurochs (Bos primigenius), among the prized prey of Stone Age hunters. These majestic animals stood nearly 2 M at the withers and had horns up to 1 M long. Bulls are usually shown as dark brown or black with cows and calves reddish brown, although white and speckled animals also appear in the paintings (Felius 1985). The aurochs spread out of western Asia after the Ice Age (250,000 yr ago) and are believed to have survived in Europe until early in the 17th century. Sometime before their extinction, probably 7000 to 10,000 yr ago, aurochs were domesticated. At least 2 domestications are likely represented in breeds of cattle at the time of this writing. Bos primigenius primigenius, a European auroch subtype evidenced by the fossil record, is thought to be the ancestor to today's humpless breeds of cattle given the species designation Bos taurus. An Asian auroch subtype, Bos primigenius namadicus, probably gave rise to today's humped zebu breeds classified as Bos indicus. Although domestic breeds of cattle are divided into 2 species, they are totally interfertile; in fact, several synthetic breeds have arisen in this century from intercrosses of taurus and indicus breeds. Chromosome numbers are identical: 29 autosomes, all of which are acrocentric, and a submetacentric X. Morphology of the Y chromosomes is the only recognized structural difference in B. taurus and B. indicus karyotypes. Thus, the "cattle" gene map developed to date and discussed in this article is for 2 species that many people, including myself, believe should be reclassified as 1. Cattle are members of the subfamily Bovinae, the family Bovidae, the suborder Ruminantia, and the order Artiodactyla. A standard karyotype for cattle was resolved by Popescu and others (1996), with gene nomenclature following the guidelines for human gene nomenclature as recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). Loci without human equivalents are named according to the recommendations of the Committee on Genetic Nomenclature of Sheep and Goats (COGNOSAG 1995).
C-configurability and built-in-test of reconfigurable processor array interconnection networks

A general-purpose interconnection switch applicable to reconfigurable architectures is described. The switch has been used in the design of reconfigurable architectures and in processor arrays that require reconfigurable interconnections. The reconfigurable switch has the desirable properties that it is both scalable and C-testable. Furthermore, the switch is shown to be C-configurable: that is, the number of configurations required to test a network of switches is independent of the size of the network. Criteria are given for selecting built-in-test (BIT) techniques and implementations for reconfigurable architectures. Algorithms for generating configuration values and test data are presented. The BIT implementation is presented and analyzed and is shown to provide 100% fault coverage for single S-A-0, S-A-1, bridging, and high-impedance, permanent combinational faults. >
Timely translation of ophthalmic research into clinical practice

Collaboration is the key The goal of all of the major federal funding agencies for medical research is to shorten the time between basic research discoveries and implementation at the “bedside” to improve human health. To that end, the National Institutes of Health in the United States (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/overview-translational.asp), the Medical Research Council in the United Kingdom (www.mrc.ac.uk), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/print-imprimer.pl) have all instituted strategies aimed at translating research for the public good. At the core of all these strategies is the need for inter-disciplinary, collaborative research involving both clinicians and scientists. What does this mean for ophthalmology and how can ophthalmologists and vision researchers contribute to this global effort to translate research results to improve patient care? The current status of research into the aetiology and treatment of age related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries, provides a topical example. The paper by Xu et al 1 in this month’s issue of the BJO (p 1087) represents a landmark: the first English language report of risk factors for AMD in a Chinese population. A PubMed literature search using the search strategy “AMD AND risk factor AND China” conducted in …
Time and money volunteering among older adults: the relationship between past and current volunteering and correlates of change and stability

Using data from the first and second waves of the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States – MIDUS1 1995–1996 and MIDUS2 2004–2006, this paper examines the relationship between the extent of time and money volunteering among people aged 55 or more years at baseline and those of the same age nine years later. Following an analysis of the changes and stability in volunteering status, the paper examines the relationships between change or stability in volunteering and various socio-demographic attributes of the respondents and measures of their human capital, cultural capital and social capital. A majority of older volunteers of time and/or money were repeat volunteers, and the extent of volunteering at the start of the studied period was one of the most significant predictors of the extent of volunteering nine years later. The level of education was a consistent predictor of the extent of both time and money volunteering and of new engagement and stability in volunteering. Social network size, or social connectedness, represented by the number of various meetings attended, was a significant predictor not only of the hours of time volunteering, but also of new engagement and stability in both time and money volunteering. A high degree of religious identification also appeared to be a motivation for money volunteering and to affect the value of donations. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for the recruitment and retention of volunteers.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of a high yield criteria list upon skull radiography

Based on results of studies using high yield criteria to determine the need for skull radiography, the Utilization Review Committee of the University Hospital (UH), University of Washington, Seattle implemented a policy encouraging use of the criteria in ordering skull radiology. The Bureau of Radiologic Health of the FDA supported a project comparing skull radiology use patterns at UH, with the high yield criteria policy, and Harborview Medical Center (HMC), without a policy. Results showed an increase of around 60% at HMC since the 1972–73 academic year. At UH, there was a decrease of 40% since the 1972–73 academic year. At HMC a medical record review showed only 51 positive reports that significantly contributed to patient care, about the same rate observed in 1967. At the UH, only nine positive reports significantly contributed to patient care, with 62% compliance with the high yield criteria. A current demonstration project under the auspices of the Washington State Professional Standards Review Organization and Bureau of Radiologic Health involves implementing the high yield criteria list at both HMC and UH. After three months, out of 6,003 patient visits, skull radiography was deemed necessary in 518 cases. Of this total 181 had high yield criteria checked. There were 37 positive reports out of these and 23 examinations that made a documented significant contribution to patient care. In the group without high yield criteria, 434 cases, there were 22 positive reports but no significant contribution to patient care documented after four weeks.
Imagining Mount Athos: Visions of a Holy Place, from Homer to World War II

Imagining Mount Athos: Visions of a Holy Place, from Homer to World War II, by Veronica della Dora, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011. 312 pp., US$35.00 (cloth), ISBN: 9780813930855 Mount Athos, the 6,670-foot-high pyramid that crowns a peninsula jutting from Greece into the Aegean Sea, is the Holy Mountain of the Eastern Orthodox religion. Even so, few people ever visit this monastic community due to its isolation by a rugged coastline and five-mile wall that separates the peninsula from the mainland. Furthermore, it is accessible only to males with a permit-pilgrims, monks, and workers-who arrive by ferry. This distinctive geography creates one of the more intriguing challenges in cultural geography scholarship: How is it possible for the author to write a deeply informed, sensitive monograph about an earthly place without probing in person the ancient secrets that transform the mountain into an iconic landscape for millions of people? Della Dora magnificently conquers this conundrum by augmenting her study of the accounts of visitors over thousands of years with the help of monks who provided first-hand descriptions, photographs, and archival materials. David Lowenthal's brief yet enthusiastic foreword precedes an introduction that is a tour de force in succinctly combining the author's personal stake in the story well leavened with the literatures of place, landscape, and geographical imagination. Following are six thematic chapters, arranged in loose chronological order, each with a keyword for the narrative: Mythical, Utopian, Iconic, Erudite, Geopolitical, and Scientific. Mount Athos turns out to be far more than a place of remote monasteries; della Dora adeptly characterizes it as a landscape of mythic desire. The epilogue includes material about the entry ban on women that is more up-to-date than suggested by the book's subtitle and also returns to the theme of writing from beyond Mount Athos, where throughout history, "physical distancing does not necessarily equal exclusion, and conversely, physical presence does not necessarily mean participation" (p. 239). This is an eloquent, insightful text, whether it is describing the many representations of the Persian King Xerxes's mythical canal, or how monastic gardening is like mapping a spiritual landscape on a physical one, or how Western travelers layered their biased yet picturesque findings upon the wood, water, and rock of Athos. …
Administrators' Perceptions of Teacher Candidates in Dyad and Panel Interviews

Dyad and panel formats as used in selection interviews were investigated in a simulated teacher selection experiment. Extant research addressing group decision making suggests that decisions arrived at through the group process are different from those arrived at by an individual. Findings from this study suggested that this was true in the selection interview situation. Decisions made by administrators conducting dyad interviews were differentfrom those made by administrators in the panel interview situation.
Hypoproteinemia, Chylous Ascites, Steatorrhea, and Protein-Losing Enteropathy due to Chronic Inflammatory Obstruction of Major Intestinal Lymph Vessels

Summary This report presents studies of a case of hypoproteinemia, chylous ascites, steatorrhea, and protein-losing enteropathy due to chronic inflammatory obstruction of major intestinal lymph vessels. These studies provide further evidence in support of lymphatic obstruction as an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypoproteinemia with protein-losing enteropathy in some patients.
Acidic Characteristics of Fermented and Dried Cocoa Beans from Different Countries of Origin

Thirty-nine fermented and dried cocoa bean samples from 13 countries were evaluated for pH, titratable acidity and concentrations of volatile and nonvolatile acids. The correlation coefficient between pH and log10 titratable acidity was -0.94. Cocoa beans from Brazil and Far Eastern countries were highly acidic while those from Central American and South American countries were low in acidity. Samples from West African countries were intermediate with titratable acidity values from 0.12 to 0.15 meq NaOH/g sample and pH values from 5.20 to 5.49. Highly acidic beans were characterized by high concentrations of acetic and lactic acids. The high correlation between acetic acid and both pH (r=0.86) and titratable acidity (r = 0.91) indicated that this acid could be primarily responsible for high acidity in cocoa beans.
Paths to high efficiency low-cost photovoltaics

We discuss approaches to approaches to synthesis of high efficiency low cost photovoltaics that employ single crystal GaAs and Si in thin film and wire array formats. A common theme is the use of lift-off processes that enable cell fabrication without consumption of a thick crystalline wafer per cell. Use of single crystal materials enables the achievement of high open circuit voltages relative to polycrystalline materials.
Surgical treatment of paralysis of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve.

Background Paralysis of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve is relatively rare. Little has been written about its surgical treatment. Methods Five patients with paralysis of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve were treated with transposition of the superior rectus muscle toward the insertion of the medial rectus muscle, transposition of the lateral rectus muscle toward the insertion of the inferior rectus muscle, and tenotomy of the superior oblique tendon in the affected eye. Results All 5 patients had a satisfactory outcome. They were free of diplopia in the primary position as of their last examination. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 10 years after surgery. Conclusion Paralysis of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve can be adequately treated by simultaneous transposition of the superior rectus muscle toward the insertion of the medial rectus muscle, transposition of the lateral rectus muscle toward the insertion of the inferior rectus muscle, and tenotomy of the superior oblique tendon in the affected eye.
Sac Hygroma After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Successful Treatment with Endograft Relining

Aneurysm sac expansion following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is typically associated with endoleaks that can be readily diagnosed on computed tomographic angiography (CTA), ultrasound, or catheter-directed arteriography. Sac hygromas are a cause of sac expansion without apparent endoleak and are presumed to be a result of ultrafiltration of serum manifested by accumulation of fibrinous, gelatinous material within the aneurysm sac following EVAR. Although there are no reported associated ruptures, sac expansion is nevertheless disconcerting and intervention is presumably indicated. We report a case of an expanding aneurysm after EVAR secondary to sac hygroma that was successfully treated with relining of the existing, original endograft.
Fault Diagnosis of Multistage Manufacturing Processes by Using State Space Approach

This paper presents a methodology for diagnostics of fixture failures in multistage manufacturing processes (MMP). The diagnostic methodology is based on the state-space model of the MMP process, which includes part fixturing layout geometry and sensor location. The state space model of the MMP characterizes the propagation of fixture fault variation along the production stream, and is used to generate a set of predetermined fault variation patterns. Fixture faults are then isolated by using mapping procedure that combines the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with pattern recognition approach. The fault diagnosability conditions for three levels: (a) within single station, (b) between stations, and (c) for the overall process, are developed. The presented analysis integrates the state space model of the process and matrix perturbation theory to estimate the upper bound for isolationability of fault pattern vectors caused by correlated and uncorrelated noises. A case study illustrates the proposed method.
The Implications of the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 for Residency Training Program Administration

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is rarely invoked by medical residents in training. Dr. Martin Jakubowski, a family medicine resident with Asperger's disorder, was dismissed for communicating poorly with patients, peers, and supervisors and for issuing dangerous medical orders. In an attempt to become reinstated, he sued under the ADA ( Jakubowski v. The Christ Hospital ), arguing that the program had failed to make reasonable accommodation for his disability. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the hospital, finding that although the doctor was disabled under the ADA, he had failed to demonstrate that he was otherwise qualified for the position. This article comments on the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines from 2011 and their application to medical residency training, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies as essential job functions.
Sers of H2O adsorbed on a Ag electrode: The role of high salt concentration

Abstract Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of H 2 O adsorbed on Ag electrodes has been investigated with the aim of distinguishing between the effect o
SIMULTANEOUS TOLERANCE INTERVALS IN REGRESSION

SUMMARY Joint prediction intervals (based upon the original fitted model) for K future responses at each of K separate settings of the independent variable have been treated by Lieberman (1961). When K is unknown and possibly arbitrarily large, these results do not apply. A solution to the problem of arbitrary K is given in terms of tolerance intervals on the distributions of future observations, the intervals being (probabilistically) simultaneous in each possible value of the independent variable. Four alternative techniques are proposed and compared for their applicability in different situations. The first is the simultaneous extension of the Wallis (1951) technique. The other three are based on Scheff6 simultaneous confidence principles. One gives intervals for a fixed central proportion P of the distribution which are simultaneous in all values of the independent variable; the other two give intervals simultaneous in the independent variable and different central proportions P. A numerical example is analysed, and some remarks are made on the applicability of the Scheff6 techniques to the detection of outliers.