cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in social behavior of mice with septal lesions.

Abstract Pairs of adult male CD-1 mice interacted in an open-field social test for 5 days. Half of the pairs were then given septal lesions and half were subjected to a sham procedure. Five days of postoperative social testing followed. The lesioned animals spent more time in contact, they displayed more social behaviors and fewer nonsocial behaviors, and they were more emotional postoperatively than the control group. Although these changes in social behavior are similar to those that have been observed in septally-lesioned rats, the results do not support the prepotency interpretation of the effects of septal ablation.
On what it takes for there to be no fact of the matter

Philosophers are very fond of making non-factualist claims-claims to the effect that there is no fact of the matter as to whether something is the case. But can. these claims be coherently stated in the context of classical logic? Some care is needed here, we argue, otherwise one ends up denying a tautology or embracing a contradiction. In the end, we think there are only two strategies available to someone who wants to be a non-factualist about something, and remain within the province of classical logic. But one of these strategies is rather controversial, and the other requires substantially more work than is often supposed. Being a non-factualist is no easy business, and it may not be the most philosophically perspicuous way to go.
Structure and function of the type 3 deiodinase gene.

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal growth and development in vertebrates, and are important for the maintenance of normal metabolic activity in most tissues of the body. Because the act...
Visual Event Related Potentials and Reaction Time in Normal Adults, Normal Children, and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Differences in Short-Term Memory Processing

Visual Event Related Potentials were recorded during a memory search paradigm in 30 normal adults, 17 normal children, and 14 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Group differences were found in P3 latency and amplitude, Reaction Time and number of errors. The findings indicate a different information processing pattern for ADHD children who possibly use a “self-terminating” as opposed to “exhaustive” search strategy.
Macrophage Depletion Diminishes Lesion Size and Severity in Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization

PURPOSE Macrophage recruitment to the choroid has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in AMD. The study was conducted to determine whether treatment with clodronate liposomes (CL(2)MDP-lip), which cause depletion of blood monocytes and lymph node macrophages, diminishes the severity of neovascularization in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. METHODS Laser-induced CNV was performed in female 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice. Macrophages were depleted by use of CL(2)MDP-lip intraperitoneally and subcutaneously 72 and 24 hours before and every 2 to 3 days after laser injury. Control mice received injections of either PBS alone or PBS liposomes. Blood monocyte and choroidal macrophage depletion were documented by flow cytometry and choroidal flatmount preparation analysis, respectively. Two weeks after laser injury, mice were injected intravenously with fluoresceinated dextran. The right eyes were removed and prepared for flatmount analysis of CNV surface area (in relative disc areas or DA), vascularity (relative fluorescence), and cellularity (propidium iodide stain). The mice were then perfused with 10% formaldehyde, and the left eyes were removed for histopathology. The means of the various parameters for four CNV lesions per eye were calculated. Fluorescein angiography was also performed. RESULTS Flow cytometry of circulating monocytes and immunohistochemical analysis of choroidal macrophage density confirmed the effective depletion of blood monocytes and choroidal macrophages respectively in CL(2)MDP-lip-treated mice. Compared with the control, flatmount analysis of macrophage depleted mice demonstrated a significant reduction in size of the CNV area (2.8 +/- 0.5 DA vs. 1.4 +/- 0.1 DA; P < 0.043). The treated group also revealed less vascularity (1.6 +/- 0.1 units vs. 1.1 +/- 0.0 units; P < 0.0092) and cellularity of CNV lesions (3.3 +/- 0.6 DA vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1 DA, P < 0.04). Histopathology revealed that, in the macrophage-depleted group, CNV was smaller in diameter (1270 +/- 73 pixels vs. 770 +/- 82 pixels, P < 0.0006) and thickness (120 +/- 7 pixels vs. 96 +/- 7 pixels, P < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Macrophage depletion using CL(2)MDP-lip reduces size, cellularity, and vascularity of CNV. This observation supports the hypothesis that macrophages contribute to the severity of CNV lesions.
Direct measurement of microvascular pressures in the isolated perfused dog lung.

Microvascular pressures in the pulmonary circulation were measured under the pleural surface of the isolated perfused dog lung by the servo-null technique. Strong glass micropipettes with short beveled tips were used, with a suction ring to stabilize the lung9s surface. Of the total vascular resistance, 45 percent was in the alveolar wall capillaries themselves. Most of the remaining resistance was in the arterioles. There was negligible pressure drop in venules with diameters larger than 20 micrometers.
Adaptation and learning using multiple models, switching, and tuning

This article presents a general methodology for the design of adaptive control systems which can learn to operate efficiently in dynamical environments possessing a high degree of uncertainty. Multiple models are used to describe the different environments and the control is effected by switching to an appropriate controller followed by tuning or adaptation. The study of linear systems provides the theoretical foundation for the approach and is described first. The manner in which such concepts can be extended to the control of nonlinear systems using neural networks is considered next. Towards the end of the article, the applications of the above methodology to practical robotic manipulator control is described. >
The grouping of affect terms according to the situations that elicit them a test of a cognitive theory of emotion

Abstract A central assumption of a cognitive theory of emotion is that affect terms contain a large amount of information about the kinds of situations that elicited them. To the extent that various situations elicit the same feelings in everyone, reactions to situations that arouse the same emotion should be described by affect terms that are more or less synonymous: groups of affect terms should be defined by the fact that terms within each group are used in response to some situations and not in response to others. To test this hypothesis, 81 subjects were presented with 170 imaginary situations, and asked to describe (using one term of their own choosing) how most people would feel as the central character in that situation, and to describe how they themselves would feel. Similarity coefficients between all pairs of 197 affect terms were computed, using situations as N . Factor analysis of the variance-covariance matrix of similarity coefficients yielded 32 (out of 32) semantically coherent clusters of affect terms. The results were interpreted to mean that affects normatively have situational (and therefore cognitive) antecedents as well as connotative meanings, modes of bodily expression, and consequences for action. It is further suggested that the situational meanings of affect terms are important if one wishes to use a subject's feelings about a situation to predict his subsequent behavior.
Comparison of positively charged membrane filters and their use in concentrating bacteriophages in water

Abstract Virus adsorption-elution studies and physical measurements were performed on four electro-positive membrane filters (Virosorb 1MDS, Posidyne N66, Zeta plus C-30 and Seitz S). The relative hydrophobicity of the membrane filters was determined by measuring the contact angle of carbon tetrachloride with the filters and by measuring the rate of rise of hexadecane and water in the filters. Viruses adsorbed to the least hydrophobic filter (Virosorb 1MDS) could be eluted by using a solution of salt (NaCI or NaEDTA) alone to disrupt electrostatic interactions between the viruses and the filter. Solutions containing both salt and detergent were required to elute virus adsorbed to two of the more hydrophobic filters (Posidyne N66 and Zeta plus C-30), indicating that both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were responsible for viral adsorption to these filters. A two-step procedure for recovering bacteriophages from water was developed that employed different filters for each step. Virosorb 1MDS was used to adsorb indigenous phage in water samples. Adsorbed virus could be recovered by treating the filter with a solution of 1.0 M NaCl. Phages in this solution could be further concentrated by a second adsorption-elution step that used Seitz S filters.
Subsurface and cytoplasmic cisterns associated with mitochondria in pyramidal neurons of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Abstract Pyramidal cells, the principal neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the rat, have a system of hypolemmal cisterns as prominent as that of cerebellar Purkinje cells. In their perikarya nearly all the subsurface cisterns are closely apposed to mitochondria as in Purkinje cells. This feature emphasizes a similarity between the two types of neuron which both have dendrites residing in the molecular layer. In addition, cochlear pyramidal neurons contain a distinct cytoplasmic cysternal core which includes cisternae with narrow lumina. These occasionally form simple and multiple assemblies with mitochondria.
MS-MS parent scans on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer by simultaneous resonant excitation of multiple ions

Abstract A parent ion scan has been developed for a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) which makes it possible to obtain a conventional parent ion spectrum following a single ionization event. Two resonant excitation waveforms were applied simultaneously across the end-cap electrodes of an ITMS. One of the resonant excitation waveforms is applied at a frequency and voltage chosen to cause rapid ejection of a selected daughter ion. The frequency of the second waveform is scanned to induce sequentially resonant excitation collision-induced dissociation (CID) of a series of parent ions. Those ions which undergo CID to produce the selected daughter ion will be detected as parent ions.
Demographic influences regarding the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate

Abstract Seasonal variations in the incidence of cleft lip and palate in females are reported. The possible influence demographic variables have upon these data are discussed.
Does phosphoinositide hydrolysis mediate ‘inhibitory’ as well as ‘excitatory’ muscarinic responses?

Abstract Phosphoinositide hydrolysis is stimulated by activation of muscarinic receptors in a variety of tissues. In some of these systems the physiological response to muscarinic agonists does not appear to involve calcium mobilization. In this review Joan Heller Brown and Susan Brown Masters ask why the phosphoinositide response is seen in these systems and whether it subserves functions other than mobilization of calcium.
Sharing and protection in a single-address-space operating system

This article explores memory sharing and protection support in Opal, a single-address-space operating system designed for wide-address (64-bit) architectures. Opal threads execute within protection domains in a single shared virtual address space. Sharing is simplified, because addresses are context independent. There is no loss of protection, because addressability and access are independent; the right to access a segment is determined by the protection domain in which a thread executes. This model enables beneficial code-and data-sharing patterns that are currently prohibitive, due in part to the inherent restrictions of multiple address spaces, and in part to Unix programming style.We have designed and implemented an Opal prototype using the Mach 3.0 microkernel as a base. Our implementation demonstrates how a single-address-space structure can be supported alongside of other environments on a modern microkernel operating system, using modern wide-address architectures. This article justifies the Opal model and its goals for sharing and protection, presents the system and its abstractions, describes the prototype implementation, and reports experience with integrated applications.
Optical properties of chalcogenide glasses

Abstract Glasses based on S, Se, and Te have been under study for a number of years as possible infrared optical materials. Though amorphous in nature, their optical properties are similar to those of crystalline semiconductors. Chalcogenide glasses, as they are called, become transparent on the long wavelength side of an absorption edge while their long wavelength cutoff is determined by a lattice type absorption. In the transparent region, impurity absorption is found. Free carrier absorption is not observed even at elevated temperatures. Other physical properties of chalcogenide glasses related to their use as optical materials, compare favorably with conventional infrared optical materials. Because of their amorphous nature, chalcogenide glasses can be prepared in large, very honogeneous pieces. Optical homogeneity is extremely important when preparing optical components for high resolution optical systems.
Synaptic interactions underlying synchronized inhibition in the basal amygdala: evidence for existence of two types of projection cells.

The basal amygdala (BA) plays a key role in mediating the facilitating effects of emotions on memory. Recent findings indicate that this function depends on the ability of BA neurons to generate coherent oscillatory activity, facilitating synaptic plasticity in target neurons. However, the mechanisms allowing BA neurons to synchronize their activity remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to shed light on this question, focusing on a slow periodic inhibitory oscillation previously observed in the BA in vitro. Paired patch recordings showed that these large inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) occur almost synchronously in BA projection neurons, that they were typically not preceded by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), and that they had little or no correlate in neighboring amygdala nuclei or cortical fields. The initial phase of the IPSPs was associated with an increase in membrane potential fluctuations at 50–100 Hz. In keeping with this, the IPSPs seen in projection cells were correlated with repetitive firing at 50–100 Hz in presumed interneurons and they could be abolished by picrotoxin. However, the IPSPs were also sensitive to 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, implying that they arose from the interplay between glutamatergic and GABAergic BA neurons. In support of this idea, we identified a small subset of projection cells (15%), positively identified as such by retrograde labeling from BA projection sites, that began firing shortly before the IPSP onset and presumably drove interneuronal firing. These results add to a rapidly growing body of data indicating that the BA contains at least two distinct types of projection cells that vary in their relation with interneurons and extra-amygdala targets.
Alcohol-Involved Assault and the Course of PTSD in Female Crime Victims

Although alcohol use has been associated with increased risk of victimization, little is known about how victim substance use at the time of assault may affect posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom development. The present study is a longitudinal examination of substance use on PTSD symptom severity and course. A community sample of female crime victims (n = 60) were assessed within 5 weeks of sexual or physical assault with 3 and 6 month postassault follow-ups. Twenty-three participants had consumed alcohol or alcohol/drugs prior to the assault (38%) and 37 had consumed neither alcohol nor drugs. Analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modeling. Participants who had consumed alcohol had lower initial intrusive symptoms, but their symptoms improved less over time.
Predictors of adolescent sexual behavior and intention: a theory-guided systematic review.

Abstract Purpose To better understand why adolescents initiate sexual activity at early ages, we conducted a systematic literature review guided by eight key elements outlined in an integrative theoretical framework. Methods Using the matrix method for literature reviews, we extracted—from 69 published studies—statistically significant and nonsignificant findings (related to the attempted prediction/explanation of adolescents' sexual behavior and intention) and organized them using the various integrative model elements. We also assessed these publications' methodological quality including each study's deployment of theory, appropriate design, and data analytic/reporting techniques. Results Three integrative theoretical framework elements— intention , perceived norms , and an environmental constraint variable, time home alone —emerged as stable predictors of sexual behavior outcomes in this body of literature. This analysis revealed, however, a literature that has remained rather stagnant regarding its methodological quality, over time. Conclusions Implications for adolescent sexual health promotion practice and research are discussed.
Ligand binding site detection by local structure alignment and its performance complementarity.

Accurate determination of potential ligand binding sites (BS) is a key step for protein function characterization and structure-based drug design. Despite promising results of template-based BS prediction methods using global structure alignment (GSA), there is room to improve the performance by properly incorporating local structure alignment (LSA) because BS are local structures and often similar for proteins with dissimilar global folds. We present a template-based ligand BS prediction method using G-LoSA, our LSA tool. A large benchmark set validation shows that G-LoSA predicts drug-like ligands’ positions in single-chain protein targets more precisely than TM-align, a GSA-based method, while the overall success rate of TM-align is better. G-LoSA is particularly efficient for accurate detection of local structures conserved across proteins with diverse global topologies. Recognizing the performance complementarity of G-LoSA to TM-align and a nontemplate geometry-based method, fpocket, a robust consens...
Trastuzumab — Mechanism of Action and Use in Clinical Practice

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in breast cancer is associated with decreased overall survival. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets HER2, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for patients with invasive breast cancers that overexpress HER2. This review considers the mechanism of action and the use of this agent.
Moving Toward a Model: for Nursing Education and Practice

Abstract Economic pressures have created the need for an educational system that prepares nurses to work in increasingly complex environments. Nursing leaders from one baccalaureate program and five community colleges in a rural area have worked cooperatively to examine external demands on nursing education. Their efforts culminated in the development of a shared philosophy, curricular design, and a model for nursing education and practice that is responsive to the ever-changing health care delivery system. This model focuses on a client's life-changing transitions and incorporates the professional nurse's role within the framework of the RN-NCLEX test plan blueprint.
Web application internationalization and localization in action

A template engine that strictly enforces model-view separation has been shown to be at least as expressive as a context free grammar allowing the engine to, for example, easily generate any file describable by an XML DTD. When faced with supporting internationalized web applications, however, template engine designers have backed off from enforcing strict separation, allowing unrestricted embedded code segments because it was unclear how localization could otherwise occur. The consequence, unfortunately, is that each reference to a localized data value, such as a date or monetary value, replicates essentially the same snippet of code thousands of times across hundreds of templates for a large site. The potential for cut-and-paste induced bugs and the duplication of code proves a maintenance nightmare. Moreover, page designers are ill-equipped to deal with code fragments. But the difficult question remains: How can localization be done without allowing unrestricted embedded code segments that open the door to model-view entanglement? The answer is simply to automate the localization of data values, thus, avoiding code duplication, making it easier on the developer and designer, and reducing opportunities for the introduction of bugs--all-the-while maintaining the sanctity of strict model-view separation. This paper describes how the StringTemplate template engine strictly enforces model-view separation while handily supporting internationalized web application architectures. Demonstrations of page text localization, locale-specific site designs, and automatic data localization are provided.
A DECISION-THEORETIC APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF TESTING A NULL HYPOTHESIS

Abstract : The author considers the testing of the 'null hypothesis' theta = 0 against the one-dimensional alternative theta not equal to 0. In most problems, the investigator knows that theta = 0 is unreasonable, and would prefer to 'accept' theta = 0 if absolute value of theta is sufficiently small. The assumption is made that the problem is sufficiently regular, that is, that the likelihood function is sufficiently close to that of a sample from a normal distribution with mean theta and variance 1, after normalization if necessary. A mathematical formulation of this problem is given and the solution is investigated. It is shown that a crude procedure based on a 'small sample' treatment and a 'very large sample' treatment can be very bad in the transition region; also, there is not enough information in those treatments to get robust results. (Author)
Coded Wire Tag Retention by Paddlefish at Three Implant Sites

Abstract Paddlefish Polyodon spathula, 180–250 mm in total length and reared in concrete raceways, were implanted with 1-mm-long coded wire tags to evaluate short-term (72 h) retention. Retention rates were significantly different (P < 0.01) among implant locations. Mean retention rates were: tip of rostrum, 71%; side of rostrum, 96% : underside of rostrum, 99%.
Degradation of the device characteristics of InGaAs/InP heterostructures after oxygen treatments

The effects of UV-ozone and oxygen plasma treatments on the performance of InP-based heterostructure bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been investigated. Although these processes improve the HBTs current gain, both methods induce a drastic increase of the base-collector leakage current and consequently a degradation of the device breakdown voltage. The performance degradation gets even worse when the devices are capped with a dielectric film deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
The Daily Show: Discursive Integration and the Reinvention of Political Journalism

The boundaries between news and entertainment, and between public affairs and pop culture, have become difficult if not impossible to discern. At the intersection of those borders sits The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, a hybrid blend of comedy, news, and political conversation that is difficult to pigeon hole. Although the program often is dismissed as being “fake” news, its significance for political communication may run much deeper. This study first locates The Daily Show within an emerging media environment defined by the forces of technological multiplication, economic consolidation, and discursive integration, a landscape in which “real” news is becoming increasingly harder to identify or define. It then offers an interpretive reading of the program that understands the show not as “fake news,” but as an experiment in journalism. It argues that the show uses techniques drawn from genres of news, comedy, and television talk to revive a journalism of critical inquiry and advance a model of deliberative...
Parameters affecting the chemical work output of a hybrid photoelectrochemical biofuel cell

A hybrid photoelectrochemical biofuel cell employing the photoanode architecture of a dye-sensitized solar cell has been assembled. A porphyrin dye sensitizes a TiO2 semiconductor over the visible range to beyond 650 nm. Photoinduced charge separation at the dye–TiO2 interface results in electron migration to a cathode, and the holes generated on surface bound dyes oxidize soluble electron mediators. The increased [Ox] : [Red] ratio of the mediator drives the solution-based enzymatic oxidation of appropriate substrates. In this report we investigate how the accumulation of anodic and cathodic products limits cell performance. The NAD+/NADH and benzoquinone/hydroquinone redox couples were studied as sacrificial electron donors in the absence of appropriate enzymes or substrates. Comparatively poor cell performance was observed using the benzoquinone/hydroquinone couple. This effect is explained in terms of rapid charge recombination by electron donation from the electrode to benzoquinone in solution, as compared to much less recombination with NAD+. With the NAD+/NADH couple the cell performance is relatively independent of the redox poise of the anode solution, but limited by accumulation of reduction products in the cathodic compartment. Using the NAD+/NADH couple, the photochemical reforming of ethanol to hydrogen was demonstrated under conditions where the process would be endergonic in the dark.
Familial variable immunodeficiency: Autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable expression of the defect(s)†

In 1963, Rosen and Bougas reported the case of a woman with recurrent infection, marked elevation of 19S, and virtual absence of 7S gamma globulin Recently, members of her family were found to have similar abnormalities: Ten of the 37 family members tested had elevated levels of serum IgM accompanied by a combined deficiency of IgG and IgA in three, and by a deficiency of either IgG or IgA in two. In five, an increase in IgM was the sole abnormality. Two children had deficiencies of IgG and IgA with normal serum levels of IgM. Ten of the 12 affected individuals had no IgD detectable by radial immunodiffusion and six had a low percentage of IgG-bearing B lymphocytes. A lack of correlation between the immunochemical abnormalities and either the presence or severity of clinical illness was observed. The presence, of immunodeficiency in three generations and in both sexes of this family suggests an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable penetrance of the defect.
Clinical applications of herbal medicines for anxiety and insomnia; targeting patients with bipolar disorder.

Objectives:Patients with bipolar disorder frequently continue to experience residual anxiety and insomnia between mood episodes. In real-world practice, patients increasingly self-prescribe alternative medicines.Methods:We reviewed case reports, open-label, and placebo-controlled trials investigating the use of herbal medicines to treat anxiety and insomnia, and discussed their potential applications for bipolar disorder.Results:Eleven herbal medicines that have been studied in human subjects are included in this review. Mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and drug-drug interactions are discussed. Based on currently available evidence, valerian seems to be the most promising candidate for insomnia and anxiety in bipolar disorder.Conclusions:Adjunctive herbal medicines may have the potential to alleviate these symptoms and improve the outcomes of standard treatment, despite limited evidence. Physicians need to have a more in-depth understanding of the evidence of benefits, risks, and drug interac...
Twelve Billion Bargaining Chips: The Web Side of the Net Neutrality Debate

Net neutrality - the issue of whether ISPs should be allowed to give (or, more likely, sell) higher-performance access to content or services from certain providers - has been a hot Internet public policy issue in the US. Some network owners (such as Bell South and SBC) indicate that they'd like to charge large content providers (Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, eBay, Amazon, and so on) extra in order to reach potential customers. Web users have a unique set of interests at stake in this debate, but they also have unexploited bargaining chips - roughly 12 billion, to be exact (or however many Web pages exist at the moment). The real threats to the Web's vitality and its hundreds of millions of users have been largely overlooked in this debate, however, as the legislative debate has overemphasized the interests of larger content providers and network operators. As the author illustrates, today's Web users need a neutral, nondiscriminatory Internet as an open platform to support the Web's operation. The good news is that as it moves from a read-only medium, in which most users are merely information consumers, to a read-write medium in which users post pictures, write public blog entries, and link to each other's profiles, active users might have an opportunity to preserve the Internet's open, nondiscriminatory (neutral) operation on which they depend
PETROLEUM GENERATION IN SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: AN UPDATE

The conversion of organic matter to petroleum by hydrothermal activity is a process which occurs in many types of natural environments. Geologically immature organic matter in marine sediments is being altered by this process in the Guaymas Basin, Escanaba Trough, and Atlantis II Deep. In Guaymas Basin the sedimentary organic matter is derived primarily from algal and microbial detritus, with a minor influx of terrestrial higher plant components. lt is easily cracked to petroleum and migrates in hydrothermal fluids. Emanations at the seabed result in dispersal of the more volatile components (Cr-Cro hydrocarbons) and solidification of the heavier (C16C4e+) petroleum within the mineral matrix of the hydrothermal mounds. The petroleum compositions vary from condensates (C1-C15) to naphthenic (probably extensively biodegraded residues, the most common surface samples) to waxy, all with sigrrificant amounts of asphaltenes and toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons @AII). Contemporary organic detritus and living microorganisms are also converted in part to petrolzum-like products when they become entrained by turbulent mixing into the vent waters, resulting in "instantaneous" hydrous pyrolysis. The latter process occurs in all hydrothermal vents, but is most clearly evi dent in vents which emanate from sediment-free oceanic ridges, as for example on the East Pacific Rise at l3o and 2l"N and on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26'N. The hydrocarbon products generated in the various areas are compared in terms of composition, organic matter sources and analogy to reservoir petroleum.
Institutional Antecedents of Decoupling

This paper explores the institutional antecedents of decoupling, i.e. ceremonial and symbolic adoption of policies that are never fully implemented (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). Decoupling is a relevant t...
Analytic Formulation and Numerical Implementation of an Acoustic Pressure Gradient Prediction

The scattering of rotor noise is an area that has received little attention over the years, yet the limited work that has been done has shown that both the directivity and intensity of the acoustic field may be significantly modified by the presence of scattering bodies. One of the inputs needed to compute the scattered acoustic field is the acoustic pressure gradient on a scattering surface. Two new analytical formulations of the acoustic pressure gradient have been developed and implemented in the PSU-WOPWOP rotor noise prediction code. These formulations are presented in this paper. The first formulation is derived by taking the gradient of Farassat's retarded-time Formulation 1A. Although this formulation is relatively simple, it requires numerical time differentiation of the acoustic integrals. In the second formulation, the time differentiation is taken inside the integrals analytically. The acoustic pressure gradient predicted by these new formulations is validated through comparison with the acoustic pressure gradient determined by a purely numerical approach for two model rotors. The agreement between analytic formulations and numerical method is excellent for both stationary and moving observers case.
Density Functional Methods for Fast Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Storage

Classical density functional theory (DFT) has been routinely used for the characterization of pore size distribution and specific surface area of porous materials by gas physisorption. However, its application to large-scale screening of materials for gas storage has been largely unexplored because it is commonly believed that the DFT calculations are applicable only to one-dimensional systems and highly sensitive to the approximations introduced in the free-energy functionals. In this work, we have investigated four representative versions of nonlocal density functionals for predicting H2 adsorption using both the slit pore model and a large library of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) under a broad range of temperatures and pressures. The four versions of DFT share a common functional from the modified fundamental measure theory to account for the molecular excluded volume effects while differing in their approximations to represent the intermolecular attractions, viz., mean-field approximation, two versi...
Multidisciplinary Team-based Design-Build-Test Projects with an Aero Premise

The Engineering Education Innovation Center at The Ohio State University has offered a broad range of multidisciplinary team-based design project opportunities for incoming and fourth-year engineering students through its First-year Engineering Program and Multidisciplinary Engineering Capstone Design Program respectively. A team-based survey that focuses on the exposure of design activities within the iterative design process have been gathered for both first-year, commonly called cornerstone, and capstone projects. The following addresses the survey results and observations of the design projects within the two programs. Curriculum layout, implementation, and teaching strategies are discussed for a cornerstone and an industry-sponsored capstone project, both with a significant aero premise.
Heme oxygenase in the rat ovary: immunohistochemical localization and possible role in steroidogenesis.

The objectives of this study were to determine if heme oxygenase (HO), which catalyzes the degradation of heme and the formation of carbon monoxide (CO), is localized in the rat ovary and, if so, to determine if hemin (a substrate for HO) or chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP, an inhibitor of HO), alter basal or gonadotropin-induced steroidogenesis. The hypothesis was that CO produced endogenously by HO suppresses steroid hormone production by the ovary similar to the action of nitric oxide. For the histological localization of HO, sections of ovaries obtained from mature Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats were immunostained for two of the HO isoforms, HO-1 and HO-2. Theca cells and granulosa cells of follicles and luteal cells stained for HO-1, whereas the ovarian stroma showed a low intensity of staining. Theca, granulosa cells, and corpora lutea as well as the ovarian stroma exhibited HO-2 staining. HO-2 immunostaining appeared more intense for theca cells than granulosa cells. In the study of steroidogenesis, thr...
Finding Optimal Geodesic Bridges Between Two Simple Polygons

Given two simple polygons P and Q we study the problem of finding an optimal geodesic bridge. The objective is to find a bridge that minimizes the largest distance from any point in P to any point in Q. We present an algorithm that finds an optimal geodesic bridge (of minimum weight) in O(n 2 logn) time. Our algorithm uses as a subalgorithm a simpler O(n 2 logn) time algorithm that constructs an optimal geodesic bridge from a point to a polygon.
39 Double vulnerability: a qualitative analysis of barriers to help-seeking and experiences of partner violence among stimulant-using women with disabilities

Statement of purpose Women with disabilities are disproportionately affected by physical and sexual partner violence (PV) and are at increased risk for substance misuse and dependency. While several studies highlight the relationship between PV among women with disabilities, the role of substance use remains understudied. We sought to qualitatively characterise experiences of PV among stimulant-using women with disabilities and barriers to help-seeking. Methods Our mixed Methods study aimed to capture lethality risk, relationship dynamics and safety planning among women aged >18 years, engaging in stimulant use (i.e., methamphetamine, cocaine, and crack), experiencing physical/sexual violence by a current male partner and residing in San Diego, CA. Emergent themes surrounding disability-specific violence were explored through thematic analysis among women reporting disability benefits. Results Women receiving disability benefits (n = 10) were on average 53 years old (range 44–62). Seventy percent reported poly drug use, 60% ever injected drugs, and 80% had a current drug-using partner. Over half (60%) reported forced sex by partners within the last year and 80% were at high risk for lethality. All women described dependence on their partner for basic needs, social support or drugs. Violent triggers included drug withdrawal symptoms, watching pornography, noncompliance to sexual requests, and withholding money. Barriers to help-seeking included fear of being misunderstood, prior drug convictions, loss of independence and companionship by terminating relationship, isolation, and fear of losing privileges (e.g., SSI/SSDI, child visitation). Conclusions Findings indicate stimulant-using women with disabilities face additional barriers to help-seeking that are specifically tied to their disability and substance use. Accounts of violent triggers can help inform programs and services dedicated to educating women with disabilities on the warning signs of potential lethality. Significance and contributions Our study points to specific barriers to help-seeking and highlights the need for additional integrated services for stimulant-using women with disabilities experiencing PV.
Teleology: grounds for avoiding both the word and the thing.

Ayala (F.J.) accuse Ghiselin (M.T.) de ne pas donner dans ses travaux les differents sens de la teleologie, particulierement dans l'evolution. en effet, la teleologie doit etre consideree comme un probleme epistemologique et non seulement comme un probleme ontologique
A Philosophical Critique of Piaget’s View of Images as Interiorized Actions

Mental imagery, according to Piaget, is a matter of ‘interiorized imitation.’ Since imitation is an activity, his view amounts to the suggestion the images are interiorized actions. But what does that mean? This paper is a philosophical exploration of Piaget’s account of mental images, an attempt to clarify and critically examine his account rather than to offer any alternative theoretical conception of images. I shall try to determine whether Piaget’s views on the subject make any sense, whether they fit together well, and whether they accord with plausible philosophical observations about the nature of mental images.
Failure to Thrive: The Theme of Parents and Children in the Aeneid, and its Iliadic Models

My argument in this paper assumes that most if not all readers of Vergil's Aeneid find Turnus' death and the death of young men such as Lausus and Pallas a disturbing accompaniment to the poem's laudatory aspects. Critical approaches to the resultant interpretive difficulties have traditionally focused on philosophical, historical, or cultural explication in an effort to resolve or dispel the reader's questions about the poem's purpose and success. I propose here that the poem's tensions engender an uncertainty in the reader which is itself an inevitable and intentional result of Vergil's narrative, and that this response to the poem is a process deliberately set in motion by the poet. Vergil's intent is to implant in his reader a sense of conflict, not only objective (centered in Aeneas' labores and their goal), but subjective, in that the reader recognizes tension or contradiction in his own response: he knows that Rome did emerge from Aeneas' struggles, and became, in many of the senses foreshadowed by the poem, great, but his reactions to the development of that greatness are negative. Many of the seeming contradictions in the Aeneid make sense if interpreted as efforts on the part of the poet to lead the reader to question both the claims of the narrative and eventually his own responses which once seemed certain and clear. The present essay explores one aspect of the Aeneid which produces conflict in the reader's response, the ways Vergil constructs a tension between the future as subject of the poem and the future within the poem, a tension rooted in the fact that the future within the poem dies, while the reader himself lives in the future to which the poem refers.
A critique of Confucius’ philosophy

ABSTRACTThroughout the millennia since the composition of the Analects, orthodox scholars have maintained that Confucius faithfully passed down the thought of early eras, particularly those of Yao and Shun: ‘I transmit but do not create ideas.’ This paper shows that Confucius actually subverted the essence of orthodox thought represented mainly by Yao and Shun. His subversion of orthodox thought compels perforce the idea of ‘ren (humanity),’ which concerns itself with the human world, to stand out with the near exclusion of otherworldliness in his teaching. As a result of the misunderstanding of Confucius’ heritage, scholars in the past tended to equate Confucius’ idea of ‘ren’ with specific moral attributes. Again taking exception to the interpretations of bygone eras, this essay demonstrates that humanity in Confucius’ theory signifies a dynamic process rather than a specific attribute or a static rule, changing constantly with different people, different places, and different times.
A dual layer fast timing detector for time-of-flight PET

This work presents the design of scintillation detectors for clinical PET using off-the-shelf components that achieve both excellent time resolution and DoI information. The detector consists of a dual layer stack of 3×3×20 mm3 crystals, 1∶1 coupled to SiPM arrays. Each pixel contains an LYSO:Ce and LSO:Ce,Ca(0.4%) crystal directly bonded to one another with an optical epoxy, and layer identification was performed via pulse shape discrimination. Layer interaction discrimination was explored through parameterization of crystal orientation, reflector and coupling materials, SiPM selection, and preamplifier choice - as all these affect pulse shape discrimination capabilities. The final design selection achieved a layer identification identification error rate of 9%. The achievable coincidence timing resolution between two identical two-layer detectors was found to be 224 ps FWHM. Layer-gated coincidence timing resolutions of 222 and 220 ps FWHM were measured for LSO:Ce,Ca(0.4%) and LYSO:Ce in coincidence with the same layers on an identical detector. The detector design has been integrated into a data acquisition system to assess imaging performance with this design.
When the Rubber Hits the Road

The motor bus is the historic successor to all previous forms of surface public transportation systems. It proceeds from the horse-drawn omnibus and horsestreetcar technologies, and trolleys.
Brief Report: Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Are Reactive With Specific Epitopes of the Human Fibrinogen β-Chain.

Objective: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (ACarPA) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk and severity and are primarily directed against fibrinogen. The lack of understanding of ACarPA reactivity has limited analysis of their immunopathogenic associations in RA. To address this shortcoming, we mapped ACarPA epitope reactivity in RA patient sera. Methods: Immunoblotting identified a patient serum with specific reactivity to carbamylated human fibrinogen β-chain. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identified sites of homocitrullines (carbamylated lysines) present in the human fibrinogen β-chain. The reactivity of an ACarPA+ cohort to specific peptides containing carbamylated lysines was determined by ELISA through direct binding (n=63) and by competition assays (n=40). Results: Serum from an RA patient with specific reactivity to carbamylated, but not citrullinated, fibrinogen β-chain was identified. LC/MS identified carbamylation of 9/34 lysines in the human fibrinogen β-chain. Mapping of immunoreactivity against tryptic peptide fragments demonstrated several candidate carbamylated epitopes that were confirmed by competition experiments. Peptides containing a homocitrulline at position 83 appeared to be an immunodominant epitope in some RA patient sera, with additional reactivity to peptides containing homocitrullines at positions 52, 264, 351, 367, and 374. Conclusion: ACarPA appear to preferentially target specific regions of the human fibrinogen β-chain that contain homocitrullines. Interestingly, humoral immunoreactivity appears relatively restricted in some patients, which may enable detection of specific relationships with disease phenotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Surface-plasmon opto-magnetic field enhancement for magnetization reversal of on-chip nanomagnets

We study, computationally, titanium nitride plasmonic resonators coupled to nanomagnets for magnetization switching. We find that compared to an isolated nanomagnet under similar illumination conditions, localized surface plasmon resonances in the coupled system generate larger magnetic fields in the nanomagnets.