cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Isotopic Weight of H 2

The mass of neutral ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ was measured on a mass-spectrograph as 2.01351\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00006 referred to He and 2.01351\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00018 referred to ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$=16. The equivalent packing fraction of ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ is 67.5 parts in 10,000. On the assumption that the nucleus is composed of two protons and one electron the energy of binding is approximately 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ electron-volts. If the ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ nucleus is made up of one proton and one Chadwick neutron of mass 1.0067 then the binding energy of these two particles is 9.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ electron-volts. ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{1+}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ provided the dispersion measurements for the spectra. The presence of ${\mathrm{H}}^{1}$ ${\mathrm{H}}^{2+}$ can only introduce in the mass determination a possible maximum error of 0.00003 mass units. Lines of mass 4.02852 on the spectra were attributed to ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{1}$ ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ ions because: (1) no lines of comparable intensity appeared in this position when commercial hydrogen of low ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ content was used; (2) under the conditions existing in the discharge tube the abundance of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{2+}$ was negligibly small compared to the abundance of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{1}$ ${\mathrm{H}}^{2+}$; (3) the mass is less than the mass of ${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{1+}$ by an amount outside of the limits of error. Two samples of enriched hydrogen were used which had been prepared by Brickwedde; both had been tested spectroscopically by Urey and Murphy, and one of them was identical with Bleakney's Sample III. From the value for the mass of ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$, the energy balance is calculated for one process of noncapture disintegration of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ by neutron impact, suggested by Feather, which would result in ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$. It is concluded that this disintegration could not possibly occur under the conditions of his experiments.
Significance of hemoptysis following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

Purpose To describe the occurrence, cause, and significance of hemoptysis following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed 2,634 patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy to determine the incidence of hemoptysis. Chart and radiographic review included the type, dose, and route of thrombolytic therapy. In addition, the onset, duration, and severity of hemoptysis were recorded and correlated with radiographic and bronchoscopic findings. Results Eleven patients (0.4%) developed hemoptysis following administration of thrombolytic therapy for an acute myocardial infarction. The duration and severity had a wide range, although no patient had significant hemodynamic compromise. The source of hemoptysis was identified in only one patient who had a tongue laceration following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and blood was seen within the oropharynx and trachea. No definitive cause was identified in all other patients. There was no correlation between the different types or doses of thrombolytic therapy and the duration or severity of hemoptysis. Chest radiographs were nonspecific and demonstrated resolution within 11 days following hemoptysis. CT of the thorax in one patient and bronchoscopy in two patients confirmed chest radiographic findings and in no patient was an underlying pulmonary abnormality identified. Conclusions Pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis are unusual complications of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Although hemoptysis may be the first indicator of an underlying pulmonary abnormality, we found no case in which a significant abnormality was unmasked. This study suggests that follow-up chest radiographs are recommended and further evaluation may be unnecessary if complete resolution is demonstrated.
Reversibility of a Penicillamine Induced Defect in Collagen Aggregation

WE have recently reported that the administration of penicillamine (β,β-dimethylcysteine) results in a marked accumulation of soluble collagen in the skin of rats1. Ultra-centrifugal analysis of this thermally denatured material indicated that it consists almost exclusively of strands of α-collagen2. The pattern obtained appeared to be identical to that observed after the administration of lathyrogenic compounds such as β-aminopropionitrile3. In addition to the changes in solubility, animals treated with penicillamine also manifested a decrease in the tensile strength in the intact skin and in healing wounds1.
Effective Layer Temperature Prediction Model and Temperature Correction via Falling Weight Deflectometer Deflections

Surface deflections and backcalculated layer moduli of flexible pavements are significantly affected by the temperature of the asphalt concrete (AC) layer. The correction of these deflections and moduli to a reference temperature requires the determination of an effective temperature of the AC layer. In light of this, a new temperature prediction model for determination of the AC temperature on the basis of a database approach is presented, and temperature correction factors for AC modulus are developed. Temperature datum points (n = 317) and deflection profiles (n = 656) were collected from the six in-service test sites in Michigan. Temperature datum points (n = 197) from three of the test sites were used to develop the temperature prediction model, and data from the remaining sites were used for validation. The temperature prediction model developed has an R2 value greater than 90 percent and an F-statistic significantly greater than 1.0. For further validation of the temperature prediction model, tempe...
Multiple experimental designs to evaluate the role of T-cell-mediated immunity against experimental vaginal Candida albicans infection

Studies to date suggest a limited protective role for Candida -specific Thl-type cell- mediated immunity (CMI) against Candida albicans vaginitis, despite protection against other mucosal Candida infections. Recent evidence suggests this may be due to immunoregulatory mechanisms that inhibit a more profound CMI response against C. albicans vaginal infections. The present study was designed to conduct an evaluation of the protective role of CMI against experimental C. albicans vaginitis using multiple approaches, including the use of T-cell-immunodeficient (SCID, Nude) and knockout (CD4) mice and several immunization designs in immunocompetent mice. Results showed, with few exceptions, that most T-cell- immunodeficient or knockout mice had a vaginal fungal burden similar to that of wild-type strains throughout the observation period. In addition, no correlation was observed between vaginal T-helper and proinflammatory cytokines and fungal burden, suggesting a generalized state of immunoregulation. Evaluati...
Experimental continuous-variable entanglement from a phase-difference-locked optical parametric oscillator

We observed continuous-variable entanglement between the bright beams emitted above threshold by an ultrastable optical parametric oscillator (OPO), classically phase locked at a frequency difference of $161.827\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}324\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}0(5)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$. The amplitude-difference squeezing is $\ensuremath{-}3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$ and the phase-sum one is $\ensuremath{-}1.35\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$. Besides proving entanglement in a phase-locked OPO, such outstanding frequency-difference stability paves the way for transferring entanglement between different optical frequencies and densely implementing continuous-variable quantum information in the frequency domain.
Two-state theory of binned photon statistics for a large class of waiting time distributions and its application to quantum dot blinking

A theoretical method is proposed for the calculation of the photon counting probability distribution during a bin time. Two-state fluorescence and steady excitation are assumed. A key feature is a kinetic scheme that allows for an extensive class of stochastic waiting time distribution functions, including power laws, expanded as a sum of weighted decaying exponentials. The solution is analytic in certain conditions, and an exact and simple expression is found for the integral contribution of “bright” and “dark” states. As an application for power law kinetics, theoretical results are compared with experimental intensity histograms from a number of blinking CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. The histograms are consistent with distributions of intensity states around a “bright” and a “dark” maximum. A gap of states is also revealed in the more-or-less flat inter-peak region. The slope and to some extent the flatness of the inter-peak feature are found to be sensitive to the power-law exponents. Possible models consistent with these findings are discussed, such as the combination of multiple charging and fluctuating non-radiative channels or the multiple recombination center model. A fitting of the latter to experiment provides constraints on the interaction parameter between the recombination centers. Further extensions and applications of the photon counting theory are also discussed.
A supersymmetric SU(5) gauge theory with no gauge hierarchy problem

Abstract A supersymmetric unified model is proposed in which one obtains light Higgs doublets as required for SU(2)×U(1) breaking whose colored partners remain heavy. Every interaction term allowed by the assumed symmetries is included and in this sense the model is natural. Both the gauge symmetry and a global U(1) symmetry are broken at a scale of ⪆ 10 17 GeV and the effective low-energy gauge theory just corresponds to the supersymmetric standard model.
Amide or amine: determining the origin of the 3300 cm(-1) NH mode in protein SFG spectra using 15N isotope labels.

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been employed in biomaterials research and protein adsorption studies with growing success in recent years. A number of studies focusing on understanding SFG spectra of proteins and peptides at different interfaces have laid the foundation for future, more complex studies. In many cases, a strong NH mode near 3300 cm−1 is observed in the SFG spectra, but the relationship of this mode to the peptide structure is uncertain, since it has been assigned to either a backbone amide mode or a side chain related amine resonance. A thorough understanding of the SFG spectra of these first model systems is an important first step for future experiments. To clarify the origin of the NH SFG mode, we studied 15N isotopically labeled 14-amino acid amphiphilic model peptides composed of lysine (K) and leucine (L) in an α-helical secondary structure (LKα14) that were adsorbed onto charged surfaces in situ at the solid−liquid interface. 15N substitution at the term...
Commutative Noetherian semigroups are finitely generated

We provide a short proof that a commutative semigroup is finitely generated if its lattice of congruences is Noetherian.
A computational study of the ozone dimer

The dimer of ozone is treatedab initio by the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation approach with the 6-31G* and 6-1+G* basis sets (with an evaluation of the basis set superposition error and the fourth-order corrections). It is found that the minimum-energy structure exhibitsC s symmetry (with some patterns resembling the structure of the water dimer). The calculated dimerization energy varies between −13 and −1 kJ/mol. Monomer-dimer shifts in the vibrational frequencies are rather small (about 10 cm−1 or less) while the inter-molecular frequencies vary between 30 and 120 cm−1. The ozone dimer could influence some spectral observations under atmospheric conditions.
Studies on variation in virulence of poliomyelitis virus. II. Role of host cells and their maintenance medium.

SummaryA method of testing the effect of various factors on the mouse virulence of the type III poliovirus was described. Variants of the virus which could be made virulent or avirulent were isolated. The virus was designated as LH-v in its virulent phase and LH-a in its avirulent phase. Using these variants as testing tools, 3 factors affecting the viral virulence were found; namely, the host cell, the maintenance medium, and the pH of the medium. These factors were classified into 2 categories, namely the virulence reducing group and the virulence enhancing group. When tested with monkey kidney cell cultures in the pH range 7.0–7.5, Eagle's basal medium and 199 medium belonged to the virulence enhancing group while Medium E (bovine plasma hydrolysate) and lactalbumin hydrolysate medium belonged to the virulence reducing group. When tested in Medium 199 at pH 7.0–7.5 monkey kidney cells enhanced the viral virulence while HeLa cells behaved in the opposite way.
Processing Central and Peripheral Detail: How Content Arousal and Emotional Tone Influence Encoding

This study investigates how visual details are encoded as a function of centrality of content, emotional intensity (arousal), and valence (pleasant/unpleasant). The study uses a new measure of visual content centrality and periphery based on structural rather than content features of mediated events. Seventy-two pictures were selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) using valence and arousal norms published with the system. Recognition was used to track encoding. Results suggest that central details are recognized better than peripheral details as arousal increases. The encoding of central compared to peripheral detail is less prone to cognitive overload. The findings reveal a remarkable hierarchy that is consistent with the motivational perspective on cognition and suggests that as emotional experience intensifies the organism gives up on encoding for peripheral negative detail sooner and more rapidly than for peripheral positive detail.
THE METABOLISM OF LUNG TISSUE IN EXPERIMENTAL LOBAR PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG

The metabolism of infected and uninfected lung tissues was determined at various stages of experimental lobar pneumococcus pneumonia in dogs. Analyses of tissues and analyses of the blood entering and leaving the lungs indicate a fairly normal aerobic metabolism of the tissue throughout the course of the infection.
Pulses in turgor pressure and water potential : resolving the mechanics of hyphal growth

Hyphae do not grow at perfectly constant rates, but exhibit rapid oscillations in speed that are thought to reflect waves of vesicular fusion with the apical plasma membrane and dynamic changes in the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Theoretical considerations suggest that hyphal turgor pressure falls in response to wall loosening, and that the resulting differential between the water potential of the cell and its surroundings causes water influx. Measurements of micronewton forces exerted by single hyphal apices using a miniature strain gauge reveal the predicted fluctuations in turgor, and these show similar frequency to oscillations in the growth rate. This paper offers a conceptual framework for understanding the biomechanical processes that operate during hyphal growth.
Analysis of protein-nucleic acid filter binding using the Poisson distribution: a method to estimate co-operativity.

Several proteins that bind to nucleic acid exhibit cooperative binding; examples include the h repressor [l] , the T4 gene 32 protein [2], and the fd gene 5 protein** [3,4]. The basis of the very useful filter binding assay [5,6] is that radiolabeled nucleic acid becomes filter-bound in the presence, but not in the absence, of the protein under study. In this communication we calculate the expected fraction of fdterbound nucleic acid as a function of (protein)/(nucleic acid) molar ratio assuming a Poisson distribution of the protein among the nucleic acid binding sites. The observed binding curve for SP with DNA deviates from the calculated curves in a manner indicative of cooperative binding.
Wireless health monitoring system

Rapid advances in wireless communication devices and systems had and continue to have a significant impact on the healthcare industry. One important application is to monitor patient's health status anytime and anywhere without restricting the patient's movement as a result of being tied down through cables to monitoring equipment. Through the miniaturizations of sensors and the use of wireless interface to transmit the data recorded by the sensors, health care monitoring can be extended beyond the hospital confines. This is regarded as a core technology for deployment of ubiquitous healthcare in home and mobile application with the potential of reducing the cost of health care as the physician is able to monitor the patient's progress without the inconvenience and expense of hospitalization. The proposed design focuses on the development of a wireless health monitoring prototype system with the initial emphasis on measuring the electrical activity of the heart. One application of such a device would be in the monitoring of the elctrocardiogram (EKG) activity in sleep apnea patients. Two types of wireless heart monitors for indoor use and outdoor use will be considered. The prototype is composed of three main parts: microprocessor, sensor, and radio. The Microprocessor is the central control unit of the entire system. Sensors are used to measure the patient's health indicators and convert that information to electrical data. The Radio is used to transmit the data that has been processed by the control unit. One of the paramount considerations in the design is to make the device very compact and portable as well as to minimize power consumption. Tradeoffs between power and communication range need to be considered carefully. The MSP430 microprocessor from Texas Instruments is selected. It is built around a 16-bit CPU and designed for low cost, and specifically, low power embedded applications. Similarly, a low power radio transceiver will be selected and power management features will be included.
Risks of pregnancy for women with Turner syndrome

Spontaneous pregnancy is rare among women with Turner syndrome (TS) since primary ovarian failure occurs in childhood for most patients. Recently, assisted pregnancies with donated oocytes have been successful in terms of live births among women with TS, but dire maternal cardiovascular complications have been reported. This article analyzes published data on TS pregnancies from 1960 to 2010 in order to identify specific risk factors predicting complications, including spontaneous versus assisted conception, pre-existing hypertension and abnormalities of the aortic valve or arch. Based on published case reports, the overall risk for major pregnancy complications in TS women is approximately 10% and the risk of maternal death is approximately 3.5%. The major risk factor for maternal death is an underlying aortic arch or aortic valve abnormality, which in most cases is not detected prior to pregnancy, due to absent or inadequate cardiovascular screening.
Minocycline-Associated Pseudotumor Cerebri with Severe Papilledema

Background. Pseudotumor cerebri is an acknowledged but unusual complication of oral minocycline use. Vision loss and papilledema have been described as mild and transient, and some authors suggest that treatment is not needed. Methods. Case series of 2 patients with severe papilledema and visual field loss. Results. Severe pseudotumor cerebri developed in 2 nonobese patients taking minocycline. Their disease required further treatment even upon drug discontinuation because of visual field loss and papilledema. Conclusions. Minocycline-associated pseudotumor cerebri is not always a self-limited condition and may require aggressive medical or surgical management.
Surface and interface analysis at 3rd generation light sources

Abstract A third generation of synchrotron radiation facilities is coming on line worldwide, whose brilliance exceeds previous ultraviolet and x-ray light sources by four orders of magnitude. The capabilities at second and third generation light sources are discussed, using examples in surface and interface chemistry and magnetic nanostructures. The authors' experience at the IBM-Tennessee-Tulane-LLNL-LBL undulator beam line will serve as a hands-on guide for work at one of the new facilities.
Rapid canopy closure for maize production in the northern US corn belt: Radiation-use efficiency and grain yield

Abstract Slow development of maize (Zea mays L.) canopies in northern areas of the USA may limit light interception and potential productivity. Whether radiation-use efficiency (RUE) and grain yield could be increased by earlier canopy closure was examined with two hybrids contrasting in canopy architecture and potential phytomass production. Early canopy closure was achieved using a combination of row spacings narrower and plant population densities (PPD) greater than typically used by local producers. Maximum interception of incident PAR (θmax) and total PAR intercepted from sowing to θmax (IPAR) increased with PPD. Thermal time to one-half θmax(TU0.5) decreased with increasing PPD. Sowing in narrow (38 cm) rows did not affect θmax, IPAR, or TU0.5 in the tall hybrid, Pioneer 3790; nor did it affect grain yield, which increased with PPD up to 10 plants m−2. Grain yield of the dwarf hybrid, SX123, was always less than that of Pioneer 3790, due to its low efficiency in converting intercepted PAR into phytomass. Both hybrids exhibited an optimum rate of canopy development in terms of θmax, IPAR, and TU0.5 for grain production. Optima for these parameters varied across years, but were similar for both hybrids and row spacings. These results indicate that hybrids adapted to the northern corn belt may yield more grain if sown at PPDs greater than commonly used to promote early canopy closure. Sowing to rows less than 76 cm wide will have less impact on grain yield. Productivity of hybrids prone to barrenness or with a low efficiency in converting PAR into phytomass, such as SX123, will not improve with earlier canopy closure.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pediatric Formulation Initiative: selected reports from working groups.

Abstract Background: The Pediatric Formulation Initiative (PFI) is a project of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The PFI was established to address the issue of the lack of appropriate formulations in children and to use this activity as a means to improve pediatric formulations, as mandated by the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002 and 2007. The PFI began in 2005 with the formation of 3 working groups—Scientific, Economics, and Taste and Flavor. These groups began the process of identifying issues, gathering needed information, and considering possible ways to overcome barriers to the development of pediatric drug formulations. Objective: The purpose of this supplement was to provide details of the working groups' activities through presentation of full-length articles. Also presented is an article that discusses the 2007 European Union (EU) regulation on medicinal products for pediatric use. Methods: Information for this article was gathered from the proceedings of a PFI workshop, sponsored by the NICHD, that was held in Bethesda, Maryland, on December 6 and 7, 2005, as well as postworkshop discussions of the different working groups. Results: The increased awareness that the majority of medications used today have not been labeled for use in children, and have not been tested to define safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing, has led to the passage of legislation in the United States and in the EU to create incentives to stimulate the testing of drugs in this special population. It is imperative that the problems associated with the compounding and use of extemporaneous formulations as described in this supplement be addressed. Regulatory barriers to the availability of commercially developed pediatric formulations in different countries will need to be minimized or removed. New drug delivery systems will need to be tested and made available to pediatric patients. Further research in the mediators of bitter taste and study of taste blockers, as well as newer methods for taste testing in pediatrics, should be encouraged. An overarching goal for the future is addressing the economic barriers to develop appropriate pediatric dosage forms for drugs with limited market penetration. The lack of appropriate formulations is part of a larger problem that includes limited development and manufacture of medicines tailored for pediatric patients (particularly those affected by neglected diseases), insufficient investment in drug trials, and limited research on drug disposition in various pediatric populations worldwide. Conclusion: The solution to these issues will require alignment of vision and commitment as a global priority of policy makers, regulators, scientists, pharmaceutical sponsors, academic institutions, governments, and research foundations.
Placing Power/Siting Space: The Politics of Global and Local in the New World Order:

The logic of drawing political borders and defining national territory in space as it has been articulated by the theory of political realism is questioned in this paper. At the same time, the dynamics of globalization operating in high-technology informational production systems as well as media-intensive mass consumption systems are reexamined in order to reconsider their impact on local cultural and social environments. It is concluded that new understandings of territoriality are developing in such informationalized spaces, posing new challenges to those providing security, identity, and stability to contemporary communities experiencing the impact of globalization.
Pralatrexate : evaluation of clinical efficacy and toxicity in T-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Pralatrexate is a novel antifolate agent that belongs to the class of 10-deazaaminopterins. Its clinical efficacy as a single agent in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has been established in randomized trials. Treatment with this agent is generally safe. Areas covered: This paper discusses the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of pralatrexate in T-cell lymphoma in clinical trials. In addition, the authors highlight pralatrexate-associated adverse effects and safety concerns. Expert opinion: Although established as a second-line therapy, pralatrexate offers a clinical benefit to less than one-third of patients with PTCL. In addition, toxicity of this agent can be significant, especially mucositis, immunosuppression and thrombocytopenia. Currently, the potential synergy between pralatrexate and other agents in T-cell lymphoma is being explored in a number of studies. These results will hopefully prove the validity of this approach, leading to improved quantity of life in t...
PROGRAMME PAPER Reaching low-income women at risk of AIDS: a case history of a drop-in center for women in the South Bronx, New York City

The Women's Drop-In Center, sponsored by a church with an active social ministry, offered education and support to African-American and Latina women at risk of HIV infection in a low-income community in New York City. Peer educators were trained to provide information, counseling and referrals on substance abuse, sexuality, HIV infection and related issues. The drop-in center offered a safe space for participants to discuss common concerns, learn about community resources and support each others' efforts to protect their health. Based on an evaluation that included quantitative and qualitative measures of changes in participating individuals and organizations, it is suggested that grass-roots community organizations can play an important role in AIDS prevention but they may need additional resources to sustain the intensive interventions that are likely to lead to lasting changes in neighborhoods with other significant social problems.
Fate of endoleaks detected by CT angiography and missed by color duplex ultrasound in endovascular grafts for abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Purpose:To analyze the clinical implications of endoleaks documented by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and missed by color duplex ultrasound (CDU).Methods:During a recent 5-year period, 232 patients underwent endovascular aortic reconstruction (EVAR) and were followed according to a protocol that included CTA and CDU at 1 month and every 6 months thereafter. CTA was the gold standard for determining the presence of endoleaks. The size of the AAA sac at the latest postoperative follow-up was compared to the preoperative size and correlated to the type of endoleak and clinical outcome. This study analyzed only patients with endoleak documented by CTA and CDU and specifically analyzed the outcome of patients with false negative CDU studies for endoleaks.Results:Thirty-nine endoleaks were documented in 35 (15%) of 232 patients using CTA. Four patients had both early and late endoleaks. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range 1–64). CDU was more helpful in detecting type I endoleaks than type II endole...
Comments on "A Recursive Least M-Estimate Algorithm for Robust Adaptive Filtering in Impulsive Noise: Fast Algorithm and Convergence Performance Analysis

A recent paper [S. C. Chan and Y. X. Zou, "A Recursive Least M-Estimate Algorithm for Robust Adaptive Filtering in Impulsive Noise: Fast Algorithm and Convergence Performance Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 1, Jaunary 2008] studied the behavior of a recursive least M-estimate (RLM) adaptive filtering algorithm in an additive impulsive noise environment. The mean and mean-square behavior of the algorithm was analyzed using a joint Gaussian assumption for the input and the error signal. This note points out that this assumption contradicts the probability model for the impulsive noise [contaminated Gaussian (CG) noise]. Hence, the analytic results presented in Chan and Zou are of limited interest.
The influence of job demands and resources on repatriate career satisfaction: A relative deprivation perspective.

A B S T R A C T Drawing on Job Demands–Resources and relative deprivation theories, we develop a model of repatriate career satisfaction. We examine three job demands (psychological contract breach associated with pay, career derailment, and perceived underemployment) and suggest that each induces feelings of relative deprivation and thus is detrimental to repatriate career satisfaction. We further examine how two job resources, repatriates’ perceptions of how valuable their international assignment is to their careers and their beliefs about how it is valued by their organizations, moderate the job demands–career satisfaction relationships. Using a sample of 84 repatriates, we found some support for our integrated framework.
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF ESTABLISHING CUT-OFF SCORES ON CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS

Criterion-referenced tests are widely used to monitor progress through objectives-based instructional programs, diagnose student weaknesses, evaluate programs, and assess competencies on certification and licensing examinations (Hambleton & Eignor, 1979). Most often, these tests are used to sort examinees into categories or states based on their performance on the test. Any time examinees are to be classified into "mastery" groups based on test performance, a performance standard or cut-off score must be established. Many methods have been proposed for setting cut-off scores. Reviews of many of these methods are available from several sources. (See, e.g., Glass, 1978; Hambleton & Eignor, 1980; Jaeger, 1976; Shepard, 1976.) Some methods are purely judgmental; others incorporate empirical data. While guidelines exist for the use and application of the methods, little is available to aid practitioners in the selection of a standard-setting method. Such information, as well as more detailed guidelines for applications of the methods, will become available as comparisons of the various methods are conducted. In one study by Andrew and Hecht (1976), the results obtained by applying the Nedelsky (1954) and Ebel (1972) methods to a nationally administered professional examination were compared. A 19% difference in the performance standard derived from the two methods was found. The effect of this discrepancy was such that 95% of the examinees would have passed the exam if the Nedelsky method was used, and only 50% would have achieved the Ebel standard. Glass (1978) found this discrepancy "virtually damning the technical work from which it arose." According to Glass:
Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine Matrix Polysaccharide Impedes Fluid Convection and Transport of the Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Chloride through Bacterial Biofilms

Biofilms are composed of bacterial cells encased in a self-synthesized, extracellular polymeric matrix. Poly-(1,6)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) is a major biofilm matrix component in phylogenetically diverse bacteria. In this study we investigated the physical and chemical properties of the PNAG matrix in biofilms produced in vitro by the gram-negative porcine respiratory pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the gram-positive device-associated pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. The effect of PNAG on bulk fluid flow was determined by measuring the rate of fluid convection through biofilms cultured in centrifugal filter devices. The rate of fluid convection was significantly higher in biofilms cultured in the presence of the PNAG-degrading enzyme dispersin B than in biofilms cultured without the enzyme, indicating that PNAG decreases bulk fluid flow. PNAG also blocked transport of the quaternary ammonium compound cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) through the biofilms. Binding of CPC to biofilms further impeded fluid convection and blocked transport of the azo dye Allura red. Bioactive CPC was efficiently eluted from biofilms by treatment with 1 M sodium chloride. Taken together, these findings suggest that CPC reacts directly with the PNAG matrix and alters its physical and chemical properties. Our results indicate that PNAG plays an important role in controlling the physiological state of biofilms and may contribute to additional biofilm-associated processes such as biocide resistance.
COPROPHAGY IN MARINE ANIMALS1

Rates of coprophagy were dctcrmined in 38 feeding studies. The animals consumed from 0 to 83% of their body weight in fecal pellets during 48 hr. The fecal pellets used included those of the polychaetc Onuphis microcephala, a prosobranch gastropod (family IIydrobiidae), the pclecypod Crassos~~ea uirginica, the crustaceans Cdianassa major and Penueus setiferus, and the telcost Mugil cephalus. The animals offered these pellets included three polychaetes, four gastropods, three pelecypods, seven crustaceans, and three telcosts. Coprophagy rates are compared with calculated maintenance food requirements of the test animals. Fecal ingestion rates were positively correlated with carbon and nitrogen contents of the pellets. The potential effects of coprophagy in marinc ecosystems arc discussed emphasizing the effect of coprophagy on the overall energy transFer efficiency OF marinc food chains.
Asset management in public DB and non-DB Pension Plans

State and local pension plans are increasingly moving from the traditional defined benefit (DB) model to non-DB models that generally allow for participant-directed investment. This shift has important implications for the management of the more than US$3 trillion in assets held to finance public employee retirement benefits. To investigate these implications, we introduce new data from a nationwide survey of public DB and non-DB plans and a unique data set on thousands of individual investors in the state of Florida’ sd efined contribution (DC) plan. Using these sources, we explore how participant involvement in the public sector affects the distribution of asset class allocations, management fees, investment outcomes, and portfolio rebalancing at both the individual and aggregate levels. We found that there is little difference between the DB and non-DB plans in terms of asset mix, returns, and fees, except that DB plan have greater access and allocations to alternative investments. We also found that while the average individual DC plan participant allocated their asset similarly to the DB plan, black females and older white males, on average, invested on opposite tails of the risk spectrum.
SRAMs in Scaled Technologies under Process Variations: Failure Mechanisms, Test & Variation Tolerant Design

The inter-die and intra-die variations in process parameters (in particular, threshold voltage (Vt)) can lead to large number of failures in an SRAM array, thereby, degrading the design yield in nanometer technologies. To improve parametric yield of nano-scaled memories, different circuit and architectural level techniques can be used. In this paper, we first analyze and model different SRAM failures due to parameter variations, and discuss test methodologies to test for process variation induced failures. Next, we describe two different self-repairing techniques?at the circuit level, using adaptive body biasing and at the architecture level, using Built-in-self-test (BIST), redundancy and address remapping. The discussed self-repair mechanisms can improve design yield much beyond what can be achieved using row/column redundancy and error correcting codes (ECC) alone.
Golden Events and Statistics: What's Wrong with Galison's Image/Logic Distinction?

Peter Galison has recently claimed that twentieth-century microphysics has been pursued by two distinct experimental traditions--the image tradition and the logic tradition--that have only recently merged into a hybrid tradition. According to Galison, the two traditions employ fundamentally different forms of experimental argument, with the logic tradition using statistical arguments, while the image tradition strives for non-statistical demonstrations based on compelling ("golden") single events. I show that discoveries in both traditions have employed the same statistical form of argument, even when basing discovery claims on single, golden events. Where Galison sees an epistemic divide between two communities that can only be bridged by a creole- or pidgin-like "interlanguage," there is in fact a shared commitment to a statistical form of experimental argument.
On the almost sure and mean-square exponential convergence of some stochastic observers

It is pointed out that linear observers used for estimating the state of the discrete-time stochastic-parameter systems are both almost surely and mean-square (MS) exponentially convergent under the same conditions guaranteeing mean-square convergence. In addition to the mean-square convergence properties of linear observers constructed for mean-square stable stochastic-parameter systems, they also possess an almost-sure exponential convergence property, and the rate of MS convergence is exponential. This rate depends on the parameters used in the design. >
The Mappa Imperii Sinarum of Michael Boym

(1965). The Mappa Imperii Sinarum of Michael Boym. Imago Mundi: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 113-115.
Bond Strength of Thermally Fused Vascular Tissue Varies With Apposition Force

Surgical tissue fusion devices ligate blood vessels using thermal energy and coaptation pressure, while the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue fusion remain unclear. This study characterizes the influence of apposition force during fusion on bond strength, tissue temperature, and seal morphology. Porcine splenic arteries were thermally fused at varying apposition forces (10-500 N). Maximum bond strengths were attained at 40 N of apposition force. Bonds formed between 10 and 50 N contained laminated medial layers; those formed above 50 N contained only adventitia. These findings suggest that commercial fusion devices operate at greater than optimal apposition forces, and that constituents of the tunica media may alter the adhesive mechanics of the fusion mechanism.
On Creating Global Gridded Terrestrial Water Budget Estimates from Satellite Remote Sensing

The increasing availability and reliability of satellite remote sensing products [e.g., precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and the total water storage change (TWSC)] make it feasible to estimate the global terrestrial water budget at fine spatial resolution. In this study, we start from a reference water budget dataset that combines all available data sources, including satellite remote sensing, land surface model (LSM) and reanalysis, and investigate the roles of different non-satellite remote sensing products in closing the terrestrial water budget through a sensitivity analysis by removing/replacing one or more categories of products during the budget estimation. We also study the differences made by various satellite products for the same budget variable. We find that the gradual removal of non-satellite data sources will generally worsen the closure errors in the budget estimates, and remote sensing retrievals of P, ET, and TWSC together with runoff (R) from LSM give the worst closure errors. The gauge-corrected satellite precipitation helps to improve the budget closure (4.2–9 % non-closure errors of annual mean precipitation) against using the non-gauge-corrected precipitation (7.6–10.4 % non-closure errors). At last, a data assimilation technique, the constrained Kalman filter, is applied to enforce the water balance, and it is found that the satellite remote sensing products, though with worst closure, yield comparable budget estimates in the constrained system to the reference data. Overall, this study provides a first comparison between the water budget closure using the satellite remote sensing products and a full combination of remote sensing, LSM, and reanalysis products on a quasi-global basis. This study showcases the capability and potential of the satellite remote sensing in closing the terrestrial water budget at fine spatial resolution if properly constrained.
Energy reserves in Aedes canadensis, Aedes stimulans, Aedes provocans (Diptera: Culicidae), and Mochlonyx cinctipes (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in Connecticut.

Adults of Aedes canadensis (Theobald), Aedes stimulans (Walker), Aedes provocans (Walker), and Mochlonyx cinctipes (Coquillett) were reared from field-collected pupae and analyzed for available energy reserves. Mean available caloric reserves were highest in unfed males of A. canadensis (1.4 cal) tested ≥6 h after eclosion. Mean values for the remaining insects in this group ranged from 0.1 cal for A. stimulans females to 1.0 cal for A. provocans males and females. Cumulative mortality for unfed adults reached 50% by the 3rd d after eclosion, but females of each species provided with 10% sucrose solutions survived at least 8 d. M. cinctipes females produced eggs autogenously. In specimens reared from field-collected pupae, there were minimal amounts of stored energy reserves available for survival.
Relation of porphyrin content to red cell age: analysis by fractional hemolysis.

SummaryProcedures are described for the calculation of approximate half-times of unlabeled porphyrins (or of any compound) in circulating erythrocytes. These are based on a comparison of their distribution in fractionally lysed erythrocytes and the distribution within the same hemolysate fractions of cells of different ages. Cell age was determined by cohort labelling of new-formed hemoglobin following injection of glycine 14C or 59Fe. Analysis of the distribution of uro, copro, and protoporphyrin in such hemolysates from a porphyric cow indicated that half-times of her erythrocyte uro and coproporphyrin were about 2 and 7 days, respectively, while erythrocyte protoporphyrin accumulated for several days in circulating reticulocytes before decreasing in concentration. Data favoring a half-time of 2-3 weeks for the major portion of erythrocyte protoporphyrin are cited.
Approaches to the chemical synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids.

Since the initial discovery of the chlorosulfolipids in 1969, the chemical synthesis community largely ignored these compounds for nearly four decades, perhaps because they contain a high density of chlorine atoms, which suggested that these molecules and any projected synthetic intermediates might be unstable. Beginning in 2008, a sudden flurry of synthesis activity by several research groups, including our own, appeared in the literature. In this Account, we highlight our work from the last several years on the chemical synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids.Our work in this area began with attempts to stereoselectively generate the abundant dichloroalcohol functional group arrangements in these natural targets. In these early studies, we learned that many polychlorinated intermediates were far more stable than anticipated. We also developed a method for the diastereoselective dichlorination of allylic alcohol derivatives that permitted access to the syn,syn-dichloroalcohol stereotriad found in several chlo...
The Case Law Under the Moreland Act

This paper examines the case law under New York State's Moreland Act which enables the governor to investigate State agencies.
Interoperability Among Broadband Wireless Technologies in a Testbed Environment

As we move towards the next generation networks, one of the fundamental issues to consider is the integration of wireless technologies. Integrated networks will have impressive capabilities as well as cumbersome challenges in areas such as Radio Resource Management (RRM), Quality of Service (QoS), Security, Mobility, and Power Management. In this paper, we tackle one of the challenges facing researchers and developers in this area. The main objective of this research was to build an integrated WiFi–WiMAX network in a test-bed environment, and to investigate the effects of integration on the QoS performance. This study is based on practical deployment and measurements in a laboratory environment. We successfully implemented an integrated system and experimented with various QoS scenarios. A set of RRM schemes were defined for the integrated networks and actual results collected from network analyzer showed that the QoS requirements were met throughout the WiFi–WiMAX networks.
Allelic polymorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3α of Plasmodium vivax

To analyse the allelic polymorphism in the merozoite surface protein 3α of Plasmodium vivax(PvMSP-3α),the nested PCR was used to amplify the genes encoding to PvMSP-3α and PvMSP-1,and the PCR-amplified product of PvMSP-3α was digested by Hha 1 restriction endonuclease and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) studies.The experimental results showed that three kinds of genotypes of PvMSP-3α could be demonstrated in three different field isolates,in which the proportions of type I,II and III accounted for 77.42%,6.45% and 16.13% respectively.Of the 24 isolates from Yunnan province,the percentages of type I,II and III were 79.17%,4.17% and 16.17% respectively.All the type II and III of PvMSP-3α were matched with the Belem type of PvMSP-1,while the Sal-1 type of PvMSP-1 belonged to the type I of PvMSP-3α.It is concluded that the PvMSP-3α from field isolates of Yunnan province is highly diverse,and the relationship of PvMSP-3α with PvMSP-1 remains to be studied furthermore.
Narcolepsy. Diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Narcolepsy is a syndrome of unknown origin characterized by the irrestible urge to sleep. Other important features are disturbed nocturnal sleep and abnormal manifestations of REM sleep such as cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and abnormal sleep-onset REM periods. Narcolepsy is not a rare condition. With a prevalence between 2 and 10 per 10,000 individuals, it is about as common as multiple sclerosis. Like multiple sclerosis, narcolepsy can be disabling and have profound consequences for job capability, public safety, sense of self-worth, and social image.
Patient-specific flow descriptors and normalised wall index in peripheral artery disease: a preliminary study

Background and aims: MRI-based haemodynamics have been applied to study the relationship between time-averaged wall shear stresses (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and atherosclerotic lesions...