cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A decision-theory methodology for the selection of buildings for strong-motion instrumentation

Current projections indicate that six buildings per year will continue to be instrumented under the California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program for the next several decades. In order to select these buildings systematically for instrumentation, we have developed a methodology that incorporates the fundamental elements of decision theory. These elements include an identification of the types of buildings that should be instrumented, a definition of the expected severity of ground shaking at each possible building site along with the probability of occurrence, and a quantification of the relative value of obtaining a building-response record for each building type. Using this information, we can apply decision theory to calculate the expected utility (degree of preference) of instrumenting buildings of a particular type at various sites. The sites are then ranked in order of preference for each building type. This procedure, developed for the California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program, can be extended to instrumentation programs in other areas.
Curved Exponential Family Models for Social Networks

Curved exponential family models are a useful generalization of exponential random graph models (ERGMs). In particular, models involving the alternating k-star, alternating k-triangle, and alternating k-twopath statistics of Snijders et al (2006) may be viewed as curved exponential family models. This article unifies recent material in the literature regarding curved exponential family models for networks in general and models involving these alternating statistics in particular. It also discusses the intuition behind rewriting the three alternating statistics in terms of the degree distribution and the recently introduced shared partner distributions. This intuition suggests a redefinition of the alternating k-star statistic. Finally, this article demonstrates the use of the statnet package in R for fitting models of this sort, comparing new results on an oft-studied network dataset with results found in the literature.
Weiss Responds to “Screening as a Nuisance Variable in Cancer Epidemiology” For Which Aspects of a Study Subject’s Screening History Should We Control?

Our goal in adjusting for cancer-screening history in nonrandomized studies of cancer etiology is straightforward: to ensure that the groups of persons who do and do not have cancer are comparable with regard to receipt of screening during the period of time the malignancy was detectable during its preclinical phase. Joffe (1) correctly points out that, in the presence of confounding by cancer-screening history, controlling simply for the presence of one or more screens during that period of time may fail to remove all of the confounding. This is because of the following: 1) We may not correctly estimate the mean detectable preclinical duration; and 2) even if we are able to correctly estimate this parameter, there may be substantial variability around it, and so for many cases the true duration could be substantially underor overestimated. However, I believe we have no alternative measure of screening history that is better for this purpose. Specifically, I believe that Joffe’s suggestion of controlling for time since last screen would be problematic. First, it is the fact of screening during the period of time corresponding to the detectable preclinical phase of the tumor that is relevant, not its timing within that period. Second, for a screening test of high sensitivity, the distribution of time since last screen between persons with and without cancer would be completely different. The large majority of cases who had undergone screening would have done so close to the time of diagnosis: Had the test been performed earlier during the detectable preclinical phase of the tumor, the diagnosis most likely would have been made at that time and not later. On the other hand, in persons without the cancer in question, there would be a much more even distribution of receipt of testing during the interval. Effectively, the large majority of persons whose cancer had been diagnosed as a result of screening would contribute little to the analysis because of the paucity of persons in the comparison group who had been screened just as recently. As I point out in my commentary (2), misclassification of screening history—differentially between persons with and without cancer because of the inability to reliably distinguish tests done for screening from tests done in response to symptoms or signs—can impair our ability to control for confounding by screening history. It is my impression (with no data to support it!) that in most instances this problem will be of greater importance than the one arising from the use of the dichotomy—yes or no, screening or no screening, during the presumed detectable preclinical interval—as our variable for which to adjust.
Jets in Crossflow — NO X Control Using the Two-Stage Lagrangian Model

This paper presents results of the application of the Two-Stage Lagrangian (TSL) model of Broadwell and Lutz to the basic and advanced rebuming processes in a 300 kW natural gas fired Boiler Simulator Facility (BSF). The injection of the rebuming fuel and overtire air is modeled as independent deflected jets in crossflow and the TSL model is applied while each jet completely mixes with the main flue gas stream of the boiler. The entrainment rate to the jet, which is required as a model input, is derived from control volume analysis using the experimentally determined jet-trajectory. The comparison with the experimental data shows good agreement for relatively high reburn zone stoichiometric ratios (SR~0.99) while the removal of NO is overestimated for richer conditions (SR~0.95 or lower). The model in general follows the trend observed in the experiment and is able to quantitatively and rapidly predict the NO removal in the gas reburning process.
Spatio-temporal scaling of channels in braided streams

The spatio-temporal scaling relationship for individual channels in braided streams is shown to be identical to the spatiotemporal scaling associated with constant Froude number, e.g. FrZ1. A means to derive this relationship is developed from a new theory of sediment transport. The mechanism by which the FrZ1 condition apparently governs the scaling seems to derive from the sensitivity of sediment transport to flow fluctuations when FrZ1. The condition FrZ1 is also given a theoretical basis using arguments from surface roughness. q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Direct, genome-wide assessment of DNA mutations in single cells

DNA mutations are the inevitable consequences of errors that arise during replication and repair of DNA damage. Because of their random and infrequent occurrence, quantification and characterization of DNA mutations in the genome of somatic cells has been difficult. Random, low-abundance mutations are currently inaccessible by standard high-throughput sequencing approaches because they cannot be distinguished from sequencing errors. One way to circumvent this problem and simultaneously account for the mutational heterogeneity within tissues is whole genome sequencing of a representative number of single cells. Here, we show elevated mutation levels in single cells from Drosophila melanogaster S2 and mouse embryonic fibroblast populations after treatment with the powerful mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. This method can be applied as a direct measure of exposure to mutagenic agents and for assessing genotypic heterogeneity within tissues or cell populations.
Prevention and management of asparaginase/pegasparaginase-associated toxicities in adults and older adolescents: recommendations of an expert panel

The rapidly increasing use of pegasparaginase (pegASNase) in adults, after a half century of use of asparaginase (ASNase) in children, has prompted a need for guidelines in the management and prevention of toxicities of asparagine depletion in adults. Accordingly, an initial set of recommendations are provided herein. Major advantages of pegASNase are its 2-3-week duration of action, in contrast to less than 3 days with native ASNase, and the flexibility of intravenous or intramuscular administration of pegASNase and associated patient and physician convenience. The most frequent toxicities of both types of ASNase are hepatic and pancreatic, with pancreatitis being the most serious. Other toxicities are hypersensitivity reactions, thrombosis, nausea/vomiting, and fatigue. Whether or not the replacement of one dose of pegASNase for 6-9 doses of native ASNase can be achieved in adults with similar efficacy and acceptable toxicities to those achieved in children remains to be established.
Tracking preschool children with developmental delay: third grade outcomes.

Educational outcomes were evaluated for 2,046 preschool children identified with developmental delay. Results indicated that at third grade, 26% were in regular education and the remaining 74% were receiving special education services. The most common disability classifications at outcome were specific learning disabilities and educable mentally handicaps. Regular education, but not special education, children had higher retention rates than did the general population. The presence of one or more secondary exceptionalities in preschool was more common for special education than regular education children. Regular education and special education children did not differ on other factors studied. This study highlights the importance of developmental delay as an exceptionality category and advances our understanding of the long‐term implications of such delay.
Tuning fuzzy membership functions to improve value of information calculations

A major tenet of the US Army's data-to-decision initiative and a primary challenge for military commanders and their staff is the ability to shorten the cycle time from data gathering to making decisions. Paramount to this process is the ability to better assess the applicability and relevance of information for decisions in complex military environments. Towards this end, the Army Research Laboratory, in collaboration with Towson University, has embarked on a research initiative to experimentally characterize how analysts perceive the value of information (VoI) and subsequently model and test solutions. This paper presents the process used to extend the current fuzzy VoI system to allow user-defined membership functions that consider various domain decompositions using both triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy sets, and the assessment of their efficacy to current military operations.
Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in a Sample of Multiethnic Urban Young Adults

The purpose of the present study was to investigate risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in a high-risk sample of predominantly minority young adults from low-income urban communities. Participants were 1,130 individuals (57.9% women) ages 21 to 26 who participated in a telephone interview assessing IPV victimization, violence-related behaviors, and sexual behaviors. Results indicated that about 20.9% of participants reported experiencing one or more IPV incidents in their lifetime. Based on previous research, we examined lifetime violence, lifetime number of sexual partners, number of children, education, and religious service attendance as predictors of IPV. Results from a multivariate logistic regression showed that lifetime violence-related behaviors, number of lifetime sexual partners, and number of children were significant risk factors for IPV. The link between children and IPV risk: (a) was moderated by education for women and men and (b) was stronger for women (vs. men). These findings suggest that training for coping with stress and anger, endorsement of safe sex practices, and greater support for education may be effective strategies for preventing and reducing IPV among high-risk populations.
Online sequence alignment for real-time audio transcription by non-experts

Real-time transcription provides deaf and hard of hearing people visual access to spoken content, such as classroom instruction, and other live events. Currently, the only reliable source of real-time transcriptions are expensive, highly-trained experts who are able to keep up with speaking rates. Automatic speech recognition is cheaper but produces too many errors in realistic settings. We introduce a new approach in which partial captions from multiple non-experts are combined to produce a high-quality transcription in real-time. We demonstrate the potential of this approach with data collected from 20 non-expert captionists.
Large-area III-nitride double-heterojunction solar cells with record-high in-content InGaN absorbing layers

This work investigates the MBE growth, material characterization, and performance testing of large-area InGaN/GaN double-heterojunction solar cells. Structures with varying thicknesses and compositions of the InGaN absorbing layer are studied. The N-rich MBE growth at low temperatures enables the growth of thick 10% and 20% InGaN films with minimal relaxation. While current leakage is an issue for these large-area devices as detected by I–V and concentration effect measurements, the double-heterojunction cell with a record-high In content of 22% shows a promising photovoltaic response.
Orthogonality Relations for the "End Problem" for Transversely Isotropic Cylinders

The differential equations governing the "end problem" in tranversely isotropic cylinders are rewritten as a pair of vector adjoint equations. An orthgonality relation is derived which simplifies the computation of the coefficients in eigenfunction expansions of solutions which decay with distance from the end. Admissible combinations of stress and displacement boundary conditions on the end of the cylinder may be prescribed provided that they lead to solutions which decay away from the end. Conditions which ensure decaying solutions are derived.
Selective ORAI1 Inhibition Ameliorates Autoimmune Central Nervous System Inflammation by Suppressing Effector but Not Regulatory T Cell Function

The function of CD4(+) T cells is dependent on Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI proteins. To investigate the role of ORAI1 in proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells and autoimmune diseases, we genetically and pharmacologically modulated ORAI1 function. Immunization of mice lacking Orai1 in T cells with MOG peptide resulted in attenuated severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The numbers of T cells and innate immune cells in the CNS of ORAI1-deficient animals were strongly reduced along with almost completely abolished production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF despite only partially reduced Ca(2+) influx. In Th1 and Th17 cells differentiated in vitro, ORAI1 was required for cytokine production but not the expression of Th1- and Th17-specific transcription factors T-bet and RORγt. The differentiation and function of induced regulatory T cells, by contrast, was independent of ORAI1. Importantly, induced genetic deletion of Orai1 in adoptively transferred, MOG-specific T cells was able to halt EAE progression after disease onset. Likewise, treatment of wild-type mice with a selective CRAC channel inhibitor after EAE onset ameliorated disease. Genetic deletion of Orai1 and pharmacological ORAI1 inhibition reduced the leukocyte numbers in the CNS and attenuated Th1/Th17 cell-mediated cytokine production. In human CD4(+) T cells, CRAC channel inhibition reduced the expression of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and other cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that Th1 and Th17 cell function is particularly dependent on CRAC channels, which could be exploited as a therapeutic approach to T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Humanitarian Intervention and Environmental Protection: The Effect of the Kosovo War on the Law of War

Professor Schwabach explores the legality of the commencement and conduct of the 1999 war between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Yugoslavia in his article, Humanitarian Intervention and Environmental Protection: The Effect of the Kosovo War on the Law of War. The article describes international law as it existed before the war and examines resulting changes to the law. The author first addresses the doctrine of humanitarian intervention: A state's right to forcibly intervene within the territory of another state to prevent genocide or similar catastrophic human rights violations. Prior to the Kosovo war, no such right clearly existed. Post-war actions and statements by the Security Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ), and U.N. Secretary-General, however, indicate a growing willingness on the part of the international legal community to tolerate humanitarian intervention. The author next details the extent and nature of the emerging doctrine of humanitarian intervention with frequent reference to a report published by the Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI). The DUPI report suggests, and Professor Schwabach analyzes, four potential rules for the doctrine ranging from status quo to a state's discretionary right of intervention. Finally, the author addresses the legality of acts committed during the war, particularly Yugoslavia's allegations of environmental damage from toxins released during NATO strikes against chemical facilities. Professor Schwabach describes the governing rules, focusing on Protocol I to the Geneva Convention of 1949, and uses standard legal construction to determine the provision's relevance to NATO actions. Professor Schwabach concludes that Protocol I focuses on protecting human life rather than the environment as a whole, but believes that changes in environmental awareness may have altered its application.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Garner’s Aldehyde by Asymmetric Hydroformylation

Both enantiomers of Garner’s aldehyde (3) are prepared from the same alkene 4 by catalytic asymmetric hydroformylation.
EVOLUTION OF BROOD PARASITISM IN ALTRICIAL BIRDS

habits but also why certain close relatives have not. Brood parasitism has evolved independently a number of times in birds. Best known are the cuckoos, with a complex of Old World species (and three less specialized New World species) highly specialized in the parasitic habit (Friedmann, 1933, 1948). Also, all the African honey guides (Indicatoridae) whose breeding biology is known are brood parasites (Friedmann, 1955). Among passerines brood parasitism has evolved independently in African weaver birds (Ploceidae) and in several species of blackbirds (Icteridae). The only obligate parasite in precocial species is the South American Black-headed Duck (Heteronetta atricapilla), but the North American Redhead (Aythya americana) has populations at various stages of parasitism, from completely independent to complete brood parasitism (Weller, 1959). The independent evolution of brood parasitism in these diverse phyletic lines is clear. But brood parasitism has not necessarily evolved only once in each group. The polyphyletic origin of such a specialized habit within a group might seem quite improbable, but the conditions which might lead to the development of such a habit sug
Serum hyaluronic acid in patients with veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation.

The development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation is associated with high-dose combination cytoreductive therapy. Experimental models have suggested that drug-induced injury to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells is involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide that is metabolized, almost exclusively, by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum hyaluronic acid as a marker for endothelial cell injury in patients with veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Hyaluronic acid was measured in sera from patients with and without veno-occlusive disease using an enzyme-linked protein binding assay. Mean peak serum hyaluronic acid levels were significantly greater in patients who had a diagnosis of VOD compared to those transplant patients who did not, 1173.4 ± 982.9 vs 444.9 ± 735.6 ng/ml (P = 0.01). Serial serum samples obtained from a separate cohort of patients also demonstrated that serum hyaluronic acid levels were higher in patients with moderate or severe veno-occlusive disease compared to those with none or mild disease at days 7, 17 and 25 following transplantation (greatest difference at day 25: 366 ± 327 vs126 ± 151, P = 0.01). Serum hyaluronic acid levels are increased in veno-occlusive disease and increase over time in patients with severe disease. Further studies are required to determine if elevated serum hyaluronic acid levels are due to decreased clearance by injured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells or increased production from early hepatic fibrogenesis associated with the acute liver injury. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 27, 635–639.
Mechanisms of Grain Growth in Free-Standing Nanograined Gold Thin Films

Retention of the enhanced properties reported for nanograined metallic systems requires that the nanostructure be insensitive to temperature and deformation. In situ transmission electron microscopy annealing experiments were employed to investigate the structural changes associated with the formation of micron-sized grains in nanograined evaporated gold thin films. This abnormal grain growth occurs randomly throughout the film. Twinning but not dislocation slip occurs in the growing grains until the grain size is in the hundreds of nanometer range. The twins appear to hinder growth and for grain growth to continue the twins must either be annihilated or be able to grow with the grain concurrently.
The combined effect of azithromycin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on cultured human meibomian gland epithelial cells.

Purpose Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye disease, a prevalent disorder severely affecting patients' quality of life but has no cure. We have discovered that azithromycin, a topical antibiotic used off-label to treat MGD-associated posterior blepharitis, directly acts on the human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs) to promote their differentiation, and in doing so, reduces cell proliferation. We have also found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration primarily used to treat dwarfism, stimulates the proliferation and lipid accumulation in these cells. We hypothesize that the combination of azithromycin and IGF-1 will promote cellular differentiation and lipid accumulation, while preserving the normal proliferation of HMGECs. Methods We cultured immortalized HMGECs with vehicle, 10 nM IGF-1, 10 μg/mL azithromycin, or a combination of IGF-1 and azithromycin for 5 to 13 days. Cells were evaluated for intracellular neutral lipids and lysosome accumulation by different staining methods; lipid composition of cell lysates were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography; proteins of interest (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 [SREBP-1], cyclins B1 and D1) were measured by immunoblotting, and cell numbers were counted using a hemocytometer. Results Our findings demonstrate that the combination of azithromycin and IGF-1 promotes the differentiation and lipid accumulation of HMGECs, while preserving their normal proliferation rate. This combined treatment also increased the levels of neutral lipids, phospholipids, and SREBP-1, and restored cyclin B1 content to control amounts. Conclusions Our results support our hypothesis, and this combination regime may represent a unique and effective treatment of MGD.
Time trends in the US racial difference in hypertension

This paper explores time trends in racial differences in hypertension and in mortality from complications from hypertension in the United States. Mortality data were derived from death certificate data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics and presented in the 1981 Report of the Working Group on Arteriosclerosis. Prevalence data were obtained from five populations--6,672 people screened in 1960-1962 by the National Health Examination Survey (NHES); 20,749 screened in 1971-1975 by the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I); 158,539 screened in 1973-1974 by the Hypertension Detection and Followup Program (HDFP); 1 million persons screened in 1973-1975 by the Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinics (CHEC); and 20,325 screened in 1976-1980 by the second Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES II). Mortality data indicate that the nonwhite/white ratios for mortality from complications of hypertension increased between 1940 and 1967 and decreased between 1968 and 1978. Prevalence data show a corresponding recent decrease in black minus white mean blood pressure. Some of the decrease appears to be due to a greater improvement in hypertension control for blacks than for whites. Time trends in the black/white ratio in prevalence of hypertension were examined with differential treatment effects controlled by inclusion as hypertensive those on drug therapy. The results indicate that in addition to differential changes in therapy, the ratio of black/white prevalence of hypertension may also be decreasing. Additional studies are needed to confirm this finding and to explore time changes in racial patterns of risk factors for hypertension.
Pulsed discharge production Ar* metastables

The production of relatively high densities of Ar* metastables (>10 12 cm -3 ) in Ar/He mixtures, at total pressures close to 1 atm, is essential for the efficient operation of an optically pumped Ar* laser. We have used emission spectroscopy and diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurements to observe the production and decay of Ar* in a parallel plate pulsed discharge. With discharge pulses of 1 μs duration we find that metastable production is dominated by processes occurring within the first 100 ns of the gas break-down. Application of multiple, closely spaced discharge pulses yields insights concerning conditions that favor metastable production. This information has been combined with time-resolved measurements of voltage and current. The experimental results and preliminary modeling of the discharge kinetics are presented.
Quantitative Interpretation of Two Qualitative Scales Used to Rate Military Intelligence1

Thirty-seven intelligence officers completed two replications of tasks designed to investigate their subjective, quantitative interpretations of the source reliability and information accuracy (plausibility) rating scales. In judging a report, subjects were influenced much more by the accuracy rating of the report's content than by the reliability rating of the report's source. The mean probabilities assigned to the truth likelihood of reports described a linear relationship between rating level and probability for each scale. Most subjects were unable to treat reliability and accuracy independently; for these subjects, the higher a report's reliability rating, the higher the accuracy rating expected, and vice versa. Subjects were relatively consistent in their interpretations, but marked differences between subjects were observed. Structural inadequacies of the scales are pointed out and the development of a single-dimensional, quantitative scale is recommended.
Idelalisib for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a review of its clinical potential

Idelalisib is a first-in-class, oral, selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ inhibitor that offers a chemotherapy-free option for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). Clinical trials in iNHL have evaluated idelalisib as monotherapy and as combination therapy with rituximab, bendamustine, and rituximab + bendamustine. When administered to heavily pretreated patients with R/R iNHL, idelalisib monotherapy or combination therapy showed durable antitumor activity accompanied by sustained or improved quality-of-life outcomes. Idelalisib has an acceptable safety profile; however, serious or fatal diarrhea/colitis, hepatoxicity, pneumonitis, and intestinal perforation have occurred in treated patients. Selective inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ with idelalisib is a valuable addition to available treatment options for patients with iNHL, many of whom do not respond to or cannot tolerate chemoimmunotherapy. Two Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of idelalisib as combination therapy with rituximab or bendamustine + rituximab and a Phase I trial of idelalisib in combination with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ONO/GS-4059 in R/R B-cell malignancies are currently ongoing. A Phase III monotherapy trial in previously treated follicular lymphoma or small lymphocytic lymphoma is planned. The development of other kinase inhibitors for the treatment of iNHL raises the potential for new treatment combinations. Additional research is needed to determine optimal therapy (monotherapy vs combination regimens), treatment sequencing, and long-term management.
LIGO — A gravitational wave observatory

On September 14th 2015 the LIGO gravitational wave observatories detected a coincident signal from the merger of two massive black holes 1.3 billion years ago. We explore the work needed to build these interferometers, look at the history behind the discovery, and discuss the future for the new field of gravitational wave astronomy.
House Prices and Quality of Life: An Economic Analysis

The housing unit and its location influence virtually all aspects of the quality of a person’s life. The several dimensions of quality of life not only include material well-being, but also health, security, education, social connections, environment, and other factors. Home prices have a complex relationship with the quality of life. A high housing price can mean that housing simply is costly to provide, but it can also mean that the home and its location provide a high quality of life. Home prices reflect the features of the home itself, and researchers have identified many characteristics that are valued in the market. Home prices also reflect the numerous amenities and disamenities associated with location, including the quality of public services provided by the local government (and the taxes to pay for them). The recent housing price bubble that occurred in the United States and several other countries had serious negative consequences for those who purchased homes at or near the peak of the bubble.
Work conjugate pair of stress and strain in molecular dynamics

ABSTRACTCertain stress and strain form a thermodynamic conjugate pair such that their strain energy equals to a scalar-valued potential energy. Different atomistic stresses and strains are analytically derived based on the work conjugate relation. It is numerically verified with both two-body and three-body potentials that the atomistic Kirchhoff stress, first-order Piola–Kirchhoff stress and second-order Piola–Kirchhoff stress are conjugates to atomistic logarithmic strain, deformation gradient and Lagrangian strain, respectively. Virial stress at 0 K based on original volume is the special form of atomistic Kirchhoff stress for pair potential. It is numerically verified that Hencky strain is not conjugate to any stress.
Mateo Mexía and the Languages of Painting in Early Colonial Quito

This study offers a reassessment of the life and work of the early colonial Quito painter Mateo Mexia in light of largely unpublished documentary sources and close consideration of the materiality, styles, and techniques employed in his paintings. A conspicuously lettered painter, Mexia dominated both the pen and the brush. The evidence reveals Mexia as a pictorial innovator and a principal exponent of the linguistic pluralism, in both visual and textual form, harnessed by painters in early colonial Quito.
Fake It 'Til You Make It? Implications of Faux Racial Diversity Depictions on Recruitment Websites

The potential benefits of a diverse workforce are well-researched in the literature. Representation of minorities on recruiting websites has been shown to increase minority interest in organization...
Exploring effective crisis response strategies

Abstract This study examines effective crisis response strategies using Coombs’ SCCT as a theoretical framework. Results of an experiment show that base responses (instructing and adjusting information) could mitigate reputational decline for a company during a severe, preventable crisis. The sole use of bolstering (reminding) strategy or no response is ineffective because it negatively influences consumers’ trust in the company, attitudes toward the company, perceived corporate reputation, and supportive behavioral intentions.
Arts, Transition, and DisABILITY

This chapter provides a background about who we are, as well as a description of other collaborators. We also discuss the power of language and clarify definitions used throughout the book, including disability, community-based learning, service learning, and transition. Finally, we introduce our “Call to Action!” where we give practical advice and suggestions that come from what we are learning with each experience and the challenges we encounter along the way. Each chapter will have its own call to action.
Knowledge Flows Between Advertising and Other Disciplines: A Social Exchange Perspective

Knowledge flows between advertising and other academic disciplines are examined to identify the structure of scientific knowledge, the extent of social exchange and the scientific status of the field. Bibliometric analysis is used to identify who is citing our research and who we cited. Cocitation patterns for the leading advertising journals (Journal of Advertising [JA], Journal of Advertising Research [JAR], International Journal of Advertising [IJA], Journal of Interactive Advertising [JIA], and Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising [JCIRA]) and the top 50 citing and cited journals with citation relationships from 2005 to 2014 were examined. Findings revealed that advertising is citing advertising scholarship the most, followed by marketing, consumer research, psychology, and communication. This suggests a “maturing field” where scholars look within the discipline's body of knowledge. In turn, advertising research is cited by advertising, marketing, business (general), communication, an...
Is a Younger 10-Allele-Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) Better Than an Older 6-Antigen-Matched Sibling Donor (MSD) for Allogeneic HSCT?.

Abstract 56 adults with hematologic malignancies underwent blood cell allografts from A/B-DR-identical MSDs or A/B/C/DRB1/DQB1-allele-identical MUDs after 100 mg/m2 melphalan with (n=39; no prior autograft) or without (n=17; prior autograft) 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. GVHD prophylaxis comprised mycophenolate with cyclosporine (MSD) or tacrolimus (MUD). No growth factors were used. Supportive care was uniform. There were significant differences between groups (Table 1); most strikingly with respect to donor age. MSD (n=37) MUD (n=19) P Pt age 53 (38–66) 47 (27–62) 0.085 Pt age >55 32% 32% 0.95 Donor age 51 (31–69) 33 (24–50) Donor age >45 76% 16% Refractory disease 49% 68% 0.16 PS 2–3 22% 32% 0.42 LDH 172 (83–1298) 237 (105–1919) 0.082 Abnormal LDH 43% 63% 0.16 CD34+ cell dose 5.0 (3.0–7.6) 6.0 (1.4–11.8) 0.12 CD34+ cell dose >6 11% 47% 0.002 10 patients experienced transplant-related mortality (TRM), and 29 relapsed (23 dead). The following factors were analyzed in a Cox model for effect on outcome: chemosensitive (n=25) vs refractory disease (n=31), patient age ≤55 (n=38) vs >55 (n=18), performance status (PS) 0–1 (n=42) vs 2–3 (n=14), normal (n=28) vs abnormal (n=28) LDH, prior autograft or not, CD34+ cell dose ≤6 (n=43) vs 6 (n=13) x 106/kg, MSD vs MUD, male (n=38) vs female (n=18) donor, and donor age ≤45 (n=25) vs >45 (n=31). Donor age was also analyzed as a continuous variable. Patient age >55 and PS 2–3 resulted in higher TRM. Refractory disease and abnormal LDH resulted in higher relapse, and lower disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival. PS 2–3 resulted in lower DFS and OS. Patient age >55 and MSD resulted in lower OS. OS was reanalyzed after excluding donor type as a variable (*) because of its correlation with donor age. Table 2 shows the favorable effect of donor age ≤45 on relapse, DFS and OS. Outcome RR (95% CI) P Relapse 0.28 (0.12–0.64) 0.003 DFS 0.27 (0.13–0.57) 0.001 OS* 0.42 (0.19–0.94) 0.035 When analyzed as a continuous variable, lower age resulted in lower relapse and higher OS with donor type in the model, and with higher DFS when donor type was excluded. Figures 1 and 2 show the effect of donor age on relapse and DFS in plots generated from the Cox model at the means of the covariates. Download : Download high-res image (132KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure These data appear to suggest that a young MUD may be preferable to an older MSD. However, small numbers preclude obtaining an answer to the question of the age at which a sibling donor should be considered too old. Additionally, logistic issues involved in obtaining a MUD may reduce any benefit from having a young donor. We conclude that a younger donor should be chosen whenever possible. Further work is required to address the intrguing possibility of superiority of MUD over MSD based on age.
Teaching Communication Ethics: Praxis of Mindfulness and Dialogue,

Teaching ethics to undergraduate students is usually challenging if oneâ€™s goals are to help students relate ethics to real life and to assist them to be able to respect and respond to others whose worldviews are different from their own. This proposed ethics-centered pedagogy grounded in the theories of dialogue and mindfulness creates a classroom environment that promotes and facilitates studentsâ€™ understanding that there are diverse ways of approaching morality and interacting in our contemporary world. Correspondingly, the underlying philosophy and orientation of this proposed pedagogy can also be adapted and used to teach other subjects where students need to learn and understand through discovering other ways of looking at and using the subject material. This proposed pedagogy has been developed from the experience of teaching ethics to students who live on the U.Sâ€“Mexico border where one can feel the some of the tensionality inherent in the difference between US-Mexican values and traditions.
Feature-based ROI generation for stereo-based pedestrian detection

Region of interest (ROI) generation is an important step in stereo-based pedestrian detection systems. In this paper, we propose an ROI generation method by fusing the color and depth information obtained from a stereo camera mounted on a vehicle. In our proposed method, a feature-based method which uses contour properties of the image is used to find the ROIs. In our feature-based ROI extraction method, we extract four features which are contour density, maximum area, maximum perimeter and matching score. Then we create a feature vector from these features and classify them using SVM. ROIs are then classified into the pedestrian and non-pedestrian classes using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)/Linear SVM. We have tested our proposed method on the Daimler dataset and experimental results show that our proposed method has a 96.5% accuracy for 1 false positive per frame and outperforms existing monocular and stereo-based methods.
Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in a Radial-Cephalic Fistula

This chapter discusses a diabetic patient who had an angioplasty to treat a venous stenosis. Following this treatment, the patient experience the onset of dialysis access steal syndrome (DASS) which progrressed rapidly.
SIM as a Generator of Systematics and Theory Logics, and a Science of Design and Repair:

In Sandra Waddock’s article “Taking Stock of SIM” in this journal, she identifies key issues in the work of the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management. This article...
Postsecondary students with psychiatric disabilities identify core services and key ingredients to supporting education goals.

Objective Accessing and successfully completing postsecondary educational opportunities may be challenging for those living with psychiatric disabilities. This exploratory study highlights the experiences of individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in postsecondary educational support initiatives. Method Investigators conducted case studies with 3 education support initiatives across the United States. Focus groups revealed what concrete supported education services were helpful and key ingredients in delivering education supports. Results Access to specialists, mindfulness techniques, help with time management and procrastination, and facilitating classroom accommodations were identified as critical. Developing authentic relationships with supported education staff, flexibility in service delivery and access to student peers living with psychiatric disabilities were noted as key ingredients in service delivery. Conclusions and implications for practice Incorporating the voice of students with psychiatric disabilities into supported education services can increase access, involvement, and retention, therein providing more supports to students with psychiatric disabilities achieving their postsecondary education goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Merits of Mycophenolate Mofetil for Psoriasis: Is It Effective?

BackgroundMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely used immune suppressant. It is derived from mycophenolic acid, which was once used as an anti-psoriatic agent, but was discontinued due to adverse ...
Year One of Donald Trump’s Presidency on Climate and the Environment

When Donald Trump was elected the 45th president of the United States in November 2016, many observers in the U.S. and international environmental communities began voicing concerns about the range...
The near-peer mathematical mentoring cycle: studying the impact of outreach on high school students’ attitudes toward mathematics

College students may be seen as near-peers to high school students and high school students are often able to see themselves in the college students who are but one step ahead. This nearness in maturity and educational level may place college students in a particularly powerful position when it comes to reaching out to high school students to promote higher education in math and science. In this study college students gave dynamic mathematics outreach presentations, MathShows, to minority and low-income high school students in a mid-sized public school district on the U.S. border with Mexico. The study investigated the impacts of this sort of outreach work on high school students’attitudes towards mathematics using a mathematics attitudes survey. Results, obtained from N = 306 participants, showed statistically significant improvements in almost all components of mathematical attitudes, with less of an effect on the component of self-confidence in doing mathematics. Differences in impacts by specific student subgroups are all discussed.
Remote Sensing and Image Processing

Remote sensing is one of the main tools available for mapping and monitoring patterns of biodiversity across large spatial scales. Data derived from remote sensing provide information on landscape characteristics that influence biodiversity, structural and functional properties of ecosystems, spatial distribution of different components of biodiversity, patterns of natural and human-induced vegetation changes, and impacts of various disturbances and ecological interactions. Remotely sensed data can be integrated with information on the physical and human environment for analysis and modeling purposes. When combined with field surveys, the potential contribution of remote sensing to studies of biodiversity is literally infinite. A range of remote-sensing technologies are relevant for biodiversity studies, including time series from traditional optical sensors to emerging technologies that acquire hyperspectral and hyperspatial data and data on three-dimensional structure of habitats.
Assessment of image-based technology: impact of referral cutoff on accuracy and reliability of remote retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis.

Telemedicine has potential to improve the delivery, quality, and accessibility of ophthalmic care for infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Using a telemedicine screening strategy, three potential diagnostic cutoffs may be used to define disease that warrants ophthalmologic referral: presence of any ROP, presence of moderate (“type-2 prethreshold”) ROP, or presence of severe ROP requiring treatment. This study examines the relationship between accuracy and reliability of diagnosis by three masked ophthalmologist graders at each of these diagnostic cutoffs. The sensitivity, specificity, inter-grader reliability, and intra-grader reliability showed significant variation depending on the diagnostic cutoff, with best results at cutoffs of type-2 prethreshold ROP or treatment-requiring ROP. Before the large-scale adoption of telemedicine for image-based screening of diseases such as ROP, standards defining clinically-relevant referral cutoffs must be established, and diagnostic accuracy and reliability at these cutoffs must be characterized.
Timing and Predictors of Initiation on Antiretroviral Therapy Among Newly-Diagnosed HIV-Infected Persons in South Africa

Despite a decade of advancing HIV/AIDS treatment policy in South Africa, 20% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) eligible for antiretroviral treatment (ART) remain untreated. To inform universal test and treat (UTT) implementation in South Africa, this analysis describes the rate, timeliness and determinants of ART initiation among newly diagnosed PLHIV. This analysis used routine data from 35 purposively selected primary clinics in three high HIV-burden districts of South Africa from June 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. Kaplan–Meier survival curves estimated the rate of ART initiation. We identified predictors of ART initiation rate and timely initiation (within 14 days of eligibility determination) using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable logistic regression models in Stata 14.1. Based on national guidelines, 6826 patients were eligible for ART initiation. Under half of men and non-pregnant women were initiated on ART within 14 days (men: 39.7.0%, 95% CI 37.7–41.9; women: 39.9%, 95% CI 38.1–41.7). Pregnant women initiated at a faster rate (within 14 days: 87.6%, 86.1–89.0). ART initiation and timeliness varied significantly by district, facility location, and age, with little to no variation by World Health Organization stage, or CD4 count. Men and non-pregnant women newly diagnosed with HIV who are eligible for ART in South Africa show suboptimal timeliness of ART initiation. If treatment initiation performance is not improved, UTT implementation will be challenging among men and non-pregnant women. UTT programming should be tailored to district and location categories to address contextual differences influencing treatment initiation.
Somber Prospects for Late Merger

I discuss the phrase-structure-theoretic operation of Late Merge proposed in Lebeaux 1991 as it is used in late adjunct merger and wholesale late merger. I show that under current theoretical assumptions about the nature of the Merge and Move operations, Late Merge over-generates in ways that are difficult to overcome. Given that Late Merge is otherwise demonstrably computationally unparsimonious (Kobele and Michaelis 2012), I conclude that it should not be an available operation and suggest Neglect (Sportiche 2016) as an alternative to generate the needed Logical Form representations.
Where Did That Peak Come From

A 16-year-old African-American male with known sickle/β+ thalassemia disease (HbS/β thalassemia) presented to the hematology clinic for management. Hemoglobin (Hb) variant analysis was performed using the BioRad Variant II HPLC β-thalassemia short program, which revealed HbF (fetal Hb), HbA, HbA2, and HbS, as well as HbC, …