cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation potential of phytosterols under anoxic and anaerobic conditions.

The biotransformation potential of three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing and fermentative/methanogenic conditions was assessed. Using a group contribution method, the standard Gibbs free energy of phytosterols was calculated and used to perform theoretical energetic calculations. The oxidation of phytosterols under aerobic, nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing and methanogenic conditions was determined to be energetically feasible. However, using semi-continuously fed cultures maintained at 20–22 °C over 16 weekly feeding cycles (112 days; retention time, 21 days), phytosterol removal was observed under nitrate-reducing and sulfate-reducing conditions, but not under fermentative/methanogenic conditions. Under sulfate-reducing conditions, stigmast-4-en-3-one was identified as an intermediate of phytosterol biotransformation, a reaction more likely carried out by dehydrogenases/isomerases, previously reported to act on cholesterol under both oxic and anoxic (denitrifying) conditions. Further study of the biotransformation of phytosterols under anoxic/anaerobic conditions is necessary to delineate the factors and conditions leading to enhanced phytosterol biodegradation and the development of effective biological treatment systems for the removal of phytosterols from pulp and paper wastewaters and other phytosterol-bearing waste streams.
False conclusions regarding duloxetine's purported efficacy in pain among depressed patients.

A recent narrative review by Mohr et al. (2010) states that duloxetine possesses “consistent analgesic efficacy” in reducing pain among depressed patients. They claim that this finding runs counter to my allegedly “controversial” meta-analysis which found that duloxetine possessed no such analgesic benefits in depression (Spielmans 2008). Yet their paper did not contain any statistical analysis of the underlying data; rather, they performed what appears to be an incomplete literature review. My meta-analysis included five placebo-controlled trials of duloxetine for treating pain in depression (Spielmans 2008), whereas their more recent paper mentioned only three such trials. So, based on fewer studies and without the benefit of any statistical analysis, Mohr et al. (2010) decreed that duloxetine possesses analgesic properties for depressed patients. My report, based on a meta-analysis of five controlled trials, found only a very small, nonstatistically significant effect for duloxetine. I believe the educated reader can easily ascertain which analysis is more valid. One is left to wonder if the fact that duloxetine’s sponsor, Eli Lilly, “supported the work” of the authors had any influence on their incomplete literature review or invalid interpretation of the evidence regarding duloxetine as a treatment for pain in depression.
Dynamics of an Isolated Population of Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae): II. Factors affecting productivity of immature stages

A discrete population of Aedes triseriatus was studied in a 10-ha oak woodlot containing 108 tree holes. Markrelease-recapture methods showed a population of 1225 adult females in late summer of 1975 (Sinsko & Craig 1978). In studies of immature stages, the period from hatching to pupation was 9 weeks in the spring but considerably shorter in midsummer. The sex ratio was distorted in favor of males in the spring, approached 1:1 in midsummer and then increased in favor of females at the end of the season. Tree hole productivity varied markedly, with 83% of pupae coming from 23% of tree holes. Photoperiod-induced diapause prevented all egg hatching after 3 August 1975; at this time, the photoperiod was 14L:10D.
Advances in the immune response induced by Norovirus infection

Norovirus is recognized as the primary cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis and often causes serious public health and food safety concern.Norovirus vaccine is attracting more and more attention.However,the development and application of vaccine depend on the understanding of virus-host interactions and the immunological mechanism of virus.This article provides an overview of the epidemic situation of norovirus infection,the relationship between norovirus and HBGAs(Histo-Blood Group Antigens)receptor,as well as the immune response induced by norovirus infection.
Anatomic basis of the surgical treatment of portal hypertension.

Success with the portacaval shunt has led to the interest of the surgeon in the anatomy of the portal venous system. This has been further stimulated by the more recent advances in portal angiography and by the introduction of newer techniques for the construction of portasystemic shunts. Vascular anatomy is presented as it relates to the modern concepts in pathophysiology and therapy of portal hypertension.
Biliäre Permeabilität und intrahepatische Cholostase

Experimentelle Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, das organische Anionen wie BSP und ICG [1, 2], Ostrogene [3, 4, 5], Mono- und Dihydroxygallensauren [6, 7], sowie hohe Dosen von Natrium-Taurocholat (TC) in vitro wie in vivo [8, 9] zu einer Verminderung der Gallenbildung fuhren konnen. Die bei einem Teil dieser Studien durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen der biliaren Permeabilitat unter Verwendung verschieden groser, passiv in die Galle diffundierender Substanzen ergab bisher stets eine erhohte biliare Clearance fur diese Verbindungen [3,4,9]. Die Zunahme der biliaren Clearance wurde als Ausdruck einer gesteigerten biliaren Permeabilitat in Hohe der Gallencanaliculi angesehen und als moglicher pathogenetischer Faktor bei der Entstehung einer Cholostase diskutiert [3, 9, 10, 11].
ARMSTRONG AND THE PROBLEM OF CONVERSE RELATIONS

In A World of States of Affairs (Cambridge University Press, 1997) David Armstrong offers a comprehensive metaphysics based on the thesis that the world consists of states of affairs. Among the entities postulated by Armstrong's theory are relations, including non-symmetrical relations, and while Armstrong does not agree with Russell that all relations have a direction or definite order among their places, he does explicitly acknowledge that the slots of a non-symmetrical relation have a definite order or direction. I first show that non-symmetrical relations pose a problem for Armstrong's theory by raising The Problem of Converse Relations. I then argue that the best resolution of this problem in the context of Armstrong's theory involves adopting an analysis of the order or direction of a relation that differs from the analysis that Russell assumes. I conclude by discussing a further problem facing Armstrong's ontology: The Problem of Converse Relational Properties.
National solar technology roadmap: CIGS PV

This roadmap addresses copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaics (PV) using all types of absorber-layer processing.
Maritime Piracy and the Supply Chain

The scourge of modern maritime piracy is expensive for the international community, ocean carriers, insurance companies, and other entities that participate in and benefit from global trade. This chapter surveys the nature and scope of modern maritime piracy, summarizes the key impacts and costs of piracy for global supply chain operations, and discusses strategies that can be employed to evade, deter, and mitigate this threat. Implications of piracy and armed robbery for supply chain partners include seafarer abuse, injury, or death; the need for premium crew compensation; the payment of hostage ransoms; elevated insurance premiums; delayed cargo delivery; reduced cargo value; higher fuel costs; security equipment expenses; and the need for embarked security teams. Strategies that can be used to address the threat of piracy that are discussed include the implementation of Best Management Practices; enhanced training, drills, and exercises; naval intervention; the use of transit corridors and group transits; and supply chain reconfiguration.
Climate change, hydrology, and fish morphology: predictions using phenotype-environment associations

Phenotype-environment associations (PEAs) describe relationships between the mean phenotypes of a set of populations and the environmental values of the areas in which they inhabit. We show how these PEAs can be used to determine the ability of populations to adapt to future environmental changes, using relationships between fish body shape and stream flow rates as an example. First, we establish that fish in high-flow habitats have more streamlined body shapes than those in low-flow habitats. Then, using future estimates of flow rates obtained from landscape hydrologic models, we predict body shapes of stream fish in the year 2055. Lastly, we use simulations based on a quantitative population genetics model to determine each fish population’s ability to alter its phenotype to the predicted body shape in 2055. While some fish populations were predicted to be able to reach the predicted body shape, others were identified as vulnerable to changing flow rates and may need human assistance to persist into the mid-century. The simulations introduced here combine correlative and mechanistic methods to predict future adaptation to environmental change and are applicable to a wide range of taxa.
Inpatient Palliative Care for Neurological Disorders: Lessons from a Large Retrospective Series.

Abstract Background: Patients with neurological disorders are the second most common patient population to receive inpatient palliative care services after cancer; however, there have been few reports describing the characteristics and needs of this population. Objective: To understand which patients with neurological diagnoses utilized these services, reasons for consultation, and whether patterns of use changed over time. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting/Subjects: Neurological patients seen by our academic hospital-based palliative care consult service from January 2010 through December 2014. Measurement: Demographics, diagnoses, reasons for consultation, patient characterization, and outcomes were extracted from medical record. Methods: Data extracted from the chart was analyzed using primarily descriptive statistics with Chi-square used to compare group proportions and regression to examine temporal trends. Results: A total of 3170 patients received inpatient palliative care consultations, o...
Whole-Genome Sequences of 26 Vibrio cholerae Isolates.

ABSTRACT The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae employs several adaptive mechanisms for environmental persistence, including natural transformation and type VI secretion, creating a reservoir for the spread of disease. Here, we report whole-genome sequences of 26 diverse V. cholerae isolates, significantly increasing the sequence diversity of publicly available V. cholerae genomes.
Design of very low distortion dense routings for skew compensation in high speed interconnects

Line skew compensation is required in the design of high speed buses in state of the art server platforms in both printed circuit boards (PCB) and packaging layout. Generally, serpentine or trombone-like routing geometries are used to achieve the skew compensation target that ranges several hundreds of mils. In order to avoid distortion due to crosstalk, wide self-spacing distance is used. However, the design layout can be challenging and consume real estate. In this paper, it is shown that self-coupled routings carefully designed can achieve very small distortion for the slew rate or frequency range of interest. Simulations were performed in a full wave electromagnetic solver and a trombone-like structure was built and measured to confirm the effectiveness of the proposal.
LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF GUILT AND PRIDE FOR SECURITIES REGULATION

This Article considers how guilt and pride about investing has implications for securities regulation. Both U.S. federal securities laws and the regulations of the National Association of Securities Dealers impose very high standards of professional conduct upon securities professionals. But, exactly what are and should be the legal responsibilities of securities professionals remains the subject of much debate. In particular, disagreement exists over whether broker-dealers are fiduciaries of their clients. A legal consequence of a fiduciary relationship is a duty of fair dealing. This Article is the first to consider the emotional, moral, and psychological consequences of broker-dealers being fiduciaries. This Article explains how finding that securities professionals are fiduciaries can alter expectations about securities professionals' behavior, guilt from breaching their clients' trust or pride from honoring such trust, and securities professionals' behavior itself. This Article demonstrates how fiduciary law can affect behavior even without much enforcement or severe legal penalties.
Fiscal Revenues in South Mediterranean Arab Countries

This paper reviews the fiscal revenue performance of Southern Mediterranean Arab countries (SMCs) over the last decade and compares this performance with selected middle income and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. These revenues have been declining over the past few years, and this trend is expected to continue because of a fall in mineral receipts and trade liberalization. Individual income tax yields are substantially lower than in other regions but the introduction of the value-added tax has proven to be highly successful. Higher trade protection than in other regions must be reduced, if SMCs are to be integrated into the global economy. Loss of nontax and customs revenues can be offset by reforms in income tax systems, petroleum product pricing, and by ensuring, through flexible exchange rate policies, that competitiveness is maintained
An Analysis of the Judicial Rulings for Transition Services Under the IDEA

Starting with a constructive critique of legal articles in special education journals concerning transition services under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), this article prese...
A reply to Plug 2017: science requires self-correction

ABSTRACTConfronted by significant and systematic errors in morphologically based identification to species of archaeological faunal specimens (Horsburgh and Moreno-Mayar 2015; Horsburgh et al. 2016a, 2016b), Plug (2017) tries to make the case that morphological identifications are more accurate than genetic identifications based on ancient DNA. The rhetoric of her defence includes an appeal to her authority as a faunal analyst, special pleading regarding the size, shape and condition of the samples in question, new unpublished data regarding lipids found on ceramics and a mischaracterisation of the relevant ancient DNA analyses. Here I correct the factual errors in Plug (2017) and argue that resolving to improve zooarchaeological identification methods is a more sensible and productive use of ancient DNA results.
Who Refers Musculoskeletal Extremity Imaging Examinations to Radiologists

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to identify the specialty characteristics of providers referring musculoskeletal (MSK) extremity imaging examinations to radiologists, so as to better understand the drivers of MSK imaging utilization and potentially improve the appropriateness of such imaging examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data on provider referral for MSK extremity imaging services were extracted from the 2014 Medicare Referring Provider Utilization for Procedures public use file, which aggregates data on diagnostic procedures according to referring provider identities and service codes. MSK extremity imaging services were identified using Neiman Institute Types of Service codes. The referring provider specialty was identified from cross-linked Medicare provider characteristics files. RESULTS. For 4,275,647 MSK extremity imaging examinations ordered, the most common specialties of the referring providers were orthopedic surgery (37.6% of ordered examinations), internal medicine (20.2%), fami...
Shock Wave Lithotripsy

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the primary technologies used for shock wave generation and focusing, followed by an in-depth discussion of the acoustics of shock wave-stone interaction, mechanisms of stone fragmentation and tissue injury during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). In particular, we introduce the first non-dimensional parameter that correlates closely with stone comminution. The general process of stone comminution in SWL is elucidated with regard to the varying contributions of stress waves and cavitation, as well as the evolving role of intrinsic vs. extrinsic flaw distributions in the target stone. These fundamental understandings provide valuable insights for the rational design of modern shock wave lithotripters. An example of improving the acoustic lens design in electromagnetic lithtoripters is given. Future perspectives in SWL research and development of iLithotripters are outlined.
Management of Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder: The Case for Surgical Management

In view of the foregoing observations of the distinctive characteristics of in situ cancer of the bladder, our position on this disease is as follows. The variability in the biologic activity and in the chronicity of carcinoma in situ of the bladder is acknowledged. However, it is clear that most, if not all, cases of invasive bladder cancer represent a progression of the in situ stage, which is usually currently detectable in an undifferentiated or anaplastic cellular state. Until the advent of biochemical predictors of unqualified reliability for the identification of the crucial time of invasion, we recommend radical cystectomy for cure of in situ carcinoma provided the patient is a reasonable surgical risk, is severely symptomatic, has histologic evidence of extension of the lesion into the vesical neck, urethra, or terminal ureter, and has either histologic or cytologic persistence of cancer after a 6 to 12 month course of intravesical chemotherapy. Most patients with incidentally discovered or asymptomatic in situ carcinoma seem to have a more focal variety of the disease. Under these circumstances, a 6 to 12 month trial of intravesical chemotherapy would be reasonable if scrupulous assessment of the progress of the cancer were possible.
IMPACT OF MILITARY CUTS ON THE SOVIET AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: MODELS AND SIMULATIONS

[The survey of chapter 1 lays out past and current contributions of economists to the peace economics literature, and the Arrow paper provides a broad look at the contributions of four different approaches in economic analysis. We now wish to probe deeply into critical theoretical and actual problems. There are many ways in which we can organize the different contributions of the scholars that follow. However, at the time of writing, an extremely critical problem of world-wide interest was the impact of the revolutionary political changes taking place in Eastern Europe and Soviet Asia upon the nations and regions involved as well as those in Western Europe and elsewhere. We therefore begin with the contributions of Klein, Gronicki and Kosaka. Their focus is on the Impact of Military Cuts on the Soviet and Eastern European Economies, a contribution which falls within Arrow's category: Macroeconomic Stability Analysis. With the information now available the authors are able to dig more deeply than ever before into the past and evolving economic structures in Eastern Europe. They add to our knowledge of the effects of military expenditures upon the development of totalitarian economies with a set of scenarios realistic for the turn of the decade. (eds.)]
Deconstructing the synapse.

While the role of protein synthesis in synaptic plasticity and memory is well-established, protein degradation processes have been less studied. A seminal 2003 Nature Neuroscience paper showed that ubiquitin-dependent degradation of synaptic proteins is engaged during activity-regulated synaptic remodeling.
Automated sequence-level analysis of kinetics and thermodynamics for domain-level DNA strand-displacement systems.

As an engineering material, DNA is well suited for the construction of biochemical circuits and systems, because it is simple enough that its interactions can be rationally designed using Watson–Cr...
Duodenal somatostatinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice with the coexistence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour in neurofibromatosis type 1: a case with review of the literature.

Somatostatinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours, mostly located in the pancreas or duodenum, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40 million. Duodenal somatostatinomas (DSs) are usually found in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), tuberous sclerosis and Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) have also been described in NF1, but the association with somatostatinoma is very uncommon. We report the case of a patient with NF1 who presented with obstructive jaundice due to multiple firm nodules around the ampulla of Vater. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed and revealed a 1 cm duodenal/ampullary mass which stained positive for somatostatin, together with a GIST also found on the duodenal wall. Despite its rarity, ampullary somatostatinomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of biliary tract dilation in patients with NF1.
Diffusible signal factor (DSF)-mediated quorum sensing modulates expression of diverse traits in Xanthomonas citri and responses of citrus plants to promote disease

The gram-negative Xanthomonas genus contains a large group of economically important plant pathogens, which cause severe diseases on many crops worldwide. The diffusible signal factor (DSF) - mediated quorum sensing (QS) system coordinates expression of virulence factors in plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. However, the regulatory effects of this system during the Xanthomonas- plant interactions remain unclear from both the pathogen and host aspects. In this study, we investigated the in planta DSF- mediated QS regulon of X. citri subsp. citri (Xac), the causal agent of citrus canker. We also characterized the transcriptional responses of citrus plants to DSF-mediated Xac infection via comparing the gene expression patterns of citrus trigged by wild type Xac strain 306 with those trigged by its DSF- deficient (∆rpfF) mutant using the dual RNA-seq approach. Comparative global transcript profiles of Xac strain 306 and the ∆rpfF mutant during host infection revealed that DSF- mediated QS specifically modulates bacterial adaptation, nutrition uptake and metabolisms, stress tolerance, virulence, and signal transduction to favor host infection. The transcriptional responses of citrus to DSF-mediated Xac infection are characterized by downregulation of photosynthesis genes and plant defense related genes, suggesting photosynthetically inactive reactions and repression of defense responses. Alterations of phytohormone metabolism and signaling pathways were also triggered by DSF-mediated Xac infection to benefit the pathogen. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the DSF- mediated QS regulation during plant-pathogen interactions and advance the understanding of traits used by Xanthomonas to promote infection on host plants.
Postoperative Care of the Frontal Sinus

Given the challenge of maintaining patency of the frontal sinus after surgery, postoperative care is critical to long-term success. Each section of this chapter will begin with a discussion of general postoperative care after sinus surgery, as there are overarching themes and concepts that apply to all of the paranasal sinuses, including the frontal. Approaches that are specific to frontal sinus will then be examined. Since the postoperative care of the Draf II sinusotomy and Draf III differ, postoperative care specific to these procedures will be discussed separately when appropriate. To the extent possible, the highest-level evidence will be reviewed for specific techniques. However, where there is lack of controlled, clinical trials specifically related to postoperative frontal care, recommendations will be made as they apply to postoperative care in endoscopic sinus surgery.
Reaction Acceleration in Electrospray Droplets: Size, Distance, and Surfactant Effects.

Phenylhydrazone formation from isatin is used to examine the effects on the reaction rate of (i) electrospray emitter distance from the mass spectrometer (MS) inlet, (ii) emitter tip diameter, and (iii) presence of surfactant. Reaction rates are characterized through measurement of conversion ratios. It is found that there is an increase in the conversion ratio as (i) the electrospray source is moved further from the inlet of the mass spectrometer, (ii) smaller sprayer diameters are used, and (iii) when surfactants are present. Each of these experimental operations is associated with an increase in reaction rate and with a decrease in average droplet sizes. The size measurements are made using super resolution microscopy from the “splash” on a collector surface produced by a fluorescent marker sprayed using conditions similar to those used for the reaction mixture. This measurement showed that droplets undergo significant evaporation as a function of distance of flight, thereby increasing their surface to volume ratios. Similarly, the effect of nanoelectrospray emitter size on conversion ratio is also found to be associated with changes in droplet size for which a 4 to 10 times increase in reaction rate is seen using tip diameters ranging from 20 μm down to 1 μm. Finally, the effects of surfactants in producing smaller droplets with corresponding large increases in reaction rate are demonstrated by splash microscopy. These findings point to reaction acceleration being strongly associated with reactions at the surfaces of microdroplets.
Impact of matrix effects and ionization efficiency in non-quantitative untargeted metabolomics.

LC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics has become increasingly popular due to the vast amount of information gained in a single analysis. Many studies utilize metabolomics to profile metabolic changes in various representative biofluids, tissues, or other sample types. Most analyses are performed measuring changes in the metabolic pool of a single biological matrix due to an altered phenotype, such as disease versus normal. Measurements in such experiments are typically highly reproducible with little variation due to analytical and technological advancements in mass spectrometry. With the expanded application of metabolomics into various non-analytical scientific disciplines, the emergence of studies comparing the signal intensities of specific analytes across different biological matrices (e.g. plasma vs. urine) is becoming more common, but the matrix effect between sample types is often neglected. Additionally, the practice of comparing the signal intensities of different analytes and correlating to relative abundance is also increasingly prevalent, but the response ratio between analytes due to differences in ionization efficiency is not always accounted for in data analysis. This report serves to communicate and raise awareness of these two well-recognized issues to prevent improper data interpretation in the field of metabolomics. We demonstrate the impact of matrix effects and ionization efficiency with labeled analytical standards in human plasma, serum, and urine and describe how the direct comparison of non-quantitative signal intensities between biofluids, as well as between different analytes in the same biofluid, in untargeted metabolomics is inaccurate without proper response corrections. Human plasma, serum, and urine (n = 4 technical replicates per biofluid) were spiked with a panel of labeled internal standards all at identical concentrations, simultaneously extracted, and analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS. Signal intensities were compared for demonstration of the impact of matrix effects in untargeted metabolomics. A neat mixture of two co-eluting, structurally-similar labeled standards at the same concentration was also analyzed to demonstrate the effect of ionization efficiency on signal intensity. Despite being spiked at identical concentrations, labeled standards we examined in this study showed significant differences in their signal intensities between biofluids, as well as from each other in the same biofluid, due to matrix effects. Co-eluting standards were also found to yield significantly different signal intensities at identical concentrations due to differences in ionization efficiency. Due to the presence of matrix effects in untargeted, non-quantitative metabolomics, the signal intensity of any single analyte cannot be directly compared to the signal intensity of that same analyte (or any other analyte) between any two different matrices. Due to differences in ionization efficiency, the signal intensity of any single analyte cannot be directly compared to the signal intensity of any other analyte, even in the same matrix.
Bayesian spatial modeling to incorporate unmeasured information at road segment levels with the INLA approach: A methodological advancement of estimating crash modification factors

Abstract Estimating safety effectiveness of roadway improvements and countermeasures, using cross-sectional models, generally requires large amounts of data such as road geometric and traffic-related characteristics at road segment levels. These models do not consider all confounding crash contributory factors such as driving culture and environmental conditions at the segment level due to a lack of readily available data. This may result in inaccurate models representing actual conditions at road segment levels, followed by erroneous estimations of safety effectiveness. To minimize the effect of not including such variables, this study develops a new methodology to estimate safety effectiveness of roadway countermeasures, based on generalized linear mixed models, assuming zero-inflated Poisson distribution for the response, and adjusting for spatial autocorrelation using the spatial random effect. The Bayesian approach, with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, was used to make inference on this model with computational efficiency. Results showed that incorporating a spatial random effect into the models provided better model fit than non-spatial models; hence, estimated safety effectiveness based on such models is more accurate. The proposed approach is a methodological advancement in traffic safety, which allows evaluation of safety effectiveness or roadway improvements when data are not readily available.
Association of innervation-adjusted alpha-synuclein in arrector pili muscles with cardiac noradrenergic deficiency in autonomic synucleinopathies.

Autonomic synucleinopathies feature deposition of the protein alpha-synuclein (AS) in neurons [e.g., Lewy body neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH)] or glial cells (multiple system atrophy, MSA). AS in skin biopsies might provide biomarkers of these diseases; however, this approach would be complicated or invalidated if there were substantial loss of AS-containing nerves. We report AS content in arrector pili muscles in skin biopsies after adjustment for local innervation in patients with Lewy body nOH or MSA. Cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging by myocardial 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography (PET) was done to examine pathophysiological correlates of innervation-adjusted AS. Thirty-one patients (19 Lewy body nOH, 12 MSA) underwent thoracic 18F-dopamine PET and skin biopsies. AS signal intensity analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy was adjusted for innervation by the ratio of AS to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a pan-axonal marker (Harvard lab site), or the ratio of AS to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an indicator of catecholaminergic neurons (NIH lab site). The Lewy body nOH group had higher ratios of AS/PGP 9.5 or log AS/TH than did the MSA group (0.89 ± 0.05 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04, −0.13 ± 0.05 vs. −1.60 ± 0.33; p 0.8 or log AS/TH > 1.2 and had myocardial 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity < 6000 nCi-kg/cc-mCi, the lower limit of normal. Two MSA patients (17%) had increased AS/PGP or log AS/TH, and two (17%) had low 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity. Lewy body forms of nOH are associated with increased innervation-adjusted AS in arrector pili muscles and neuroimaging evidence of myocardial noradrenergic deficiency.
NMR studies of the dynamics of HD adsorbed in MCM-41

Abstract The motion of hydrogen deuteride molecules adsorbed on MCM-41 at monolayer coverages has been explored using NMR techniques. The nuclear spin-spin and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times show an abrupt change at 8.8 K, consistent with the formation of small clusters below that temperature. The molecular tunneling times deduced from the NMR measurements are consistent with the values determined by neutron scattering [Coulomb et al., Micro Meso Matls 101,270 (2007)].
Epiphytic Microbiome of Grapes Berries Varies Between Phenological Timepoints, Growing Seasons and Regions

Extensive research into the microbial ecology of grapes near harvest, with a primary focus on yeasts, has improved our understanding of some components of variation that influence grapevine terroir. Metagenomic tools enable a broader exploration of the plant microbiome and components of variability due to such factors as year, location, management, and phenological stage. In 2014, to characterize the microbial changes of the grape surface over the course of the growing season in the Finger Lakes region of New York, we examined the epiphytic microbiome of grapes at five key phenological stages: pea-sized, bunch closure, Veraison, 15 Brix and harvest. This experiment was repeated in two subsequent years in the Finger Lakes, New York in 2015, and in Tasmania, Australia in 2016, to examine variability of regional terroir. We found significant shifts in taxa presence and relative taxa abundance between phenological timepoints, and determined that the epiphytic microbiome differed significantly not just between regions but also within a single region from one year to the next. These findings call into question the role of the phytobiome in the expression of terroir, as the phytobiome is dynamically responding to its environment, within and between years and locations. On the berry surface in particular, these dynamics are complicated by weather and management. Understanding that the grape surface microbiome is consistently changing may influence how we manage the berry epiphytic microbiome, potentially affecting disease management and vinification decisions.
Examining the impact of child access prevention laws on youth firearm suicides using the synthetic control method

Abstract The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws and state-level youth firearm suicide rates. This paper differs from prior research in several ways. First, this is one of the few studies to focus exclusively on youth firearm suicide rates. Second, this study uses one of the largest and most recent data sets of any study on this topic. Third, this study uses the synthetic control method, an empirical technique that has not been previously used to study this topic. Results are mixed. For nine states, introduction of CAP laws resulted in lower youth firearm suicide rates. In thirteen states, however, CAP laws had no significant effects on youth firearm suicide rates. Hence, CAP laws did not have statistically significant effects on youth firearm suicide rates for most of the states examined. Given these inconclusive results, more research is warranted in this area.
The Reality Principle: Fanonian Undoing, Unlearning, and Decentering: A Discussion of “Fanon’s Vision of Embodied Racism for Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice”

This response argues that attention to the ideological misattunements in psychoanalytic work helps us move beyond the symbolic—and that which it hides—into the real, material implications for our p...
Fidelity and sustainability of Mouth Care Without a Battle and lessons for other innovations in care.

Abstract There are countless efficacious interventions that improve outcomes when conducted in controlled situations. Many fewer are effective when implemented in real-world situations, largely because they are not implemented with fidelity. Still fewer are sustained over time, for reasons including lack of institutional support and fit with existing values, among others. It is especially important to examine fidelity and sustainability when efficacious interventions are being implemented, because these interventions are the ones that hold the most promise. This project examined the fidelity and sustainability of Mouth Care Without a Battle (MCWB), an evidence-based program conducted in a two-year cluster randomized trial in 14 nursing homes. Results that triangulated two sources of data indicated that fidelity decreased after the first year; they provide guidance to promote fidelity and sustainability of this and other new care practices in nursing homes, including ongoing education, coaching, evaluation, feedback, and sufficient resources.
Understanding the Dimensions of Medical Crowdfunding: A Visual Analytics Approach.

Background: Medical crowdfunding has emerged as a growing field for fundraising opportunities. Some environmental trends have driven the emergence of campaigns to raise funds for medical care. These trends include lack of medical insurance, economic backlash following the 2008 financial collapse, and shortcomings of health care regulations. Objective: Research regarding crowdfunding campaign use, reasons, and effects on the provision of medical care and individual relationships in health systems is limited. This study aimed to explore the nature and dimensions of the phenomenon of medical crowdfunding using a visual analytics approach and data crawled from the GoFundMe crowdfunding platform in 2019. We aimed to explore and identify the factors that contribute to a successful campaign. Methods: This data-driven study used a visual analytics approach. It focused on descriptive analytics to obtain a panoramic insight into medical projects funded through the GoFundMe crowdfunding platform. Results: This study highlighted the relevance of positioning the campaign for fundraising. In terms of motivating donors, it appears that people are typically more generous in contributing to campaigns for children rather than those for adults. The results emphasized the differing dynamics that a picture posted in the campaign brings to the potential for medical crowdfunding. In terms of donor’s motivation, the results show that a picture depicting the pediatric patient by himself or herself is the most effective. In addition, a picture depicting the current medical condition of the patient as severe is more effective than one depicting relative normalcy in the condition. This study also drew attention to the optimum length of the title. Finally, an interesting trend in the trajectory of donations is that the average amount of a donation decreases with an increase in the number of donors. This indicates that the first donors tend to be the most generous. Conclusions: This study examines the relationship between social media, the characteristics of a campaign, and the potential for fundraising. Its analysis of medical crowdfunding campaigns across the states offers a window into the status of the country’s health care affordability. This study shows the nurturing role that social media can play in the domain of medical crowdfunding. In addition, it discusses the drivers of a successful fundraising campaign with respect to the GoFundMe platform.
Organizational Sensegiving in Family-Centered Care: How NICU Nurses Help Families Make Sense of the NICU Experience

As frontline caregivers, nurses play a central role in the coordination and delivery of family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Nurses see first-hand the fear, uncertai...
Some Psychological Implications of the Verbs of Motion

The present study centers on the verbs of motion, which arc a particularly appropriate subset of lexicali/cd concepts to begin the exploration of how the human mind operates. The semantic field of verbs cf motion is briefly analyzed, and results of sorting tasks are reported to specify the organizing concepts of the field. Direction and causality are shown to be two of the most important, and are used to illustrate what is involved in semantic decomposition. In the second half, the paper focuses on the relation between perception and language by examining the perceptual hases of these semantic distinctions. Results of various rt experiments arc reviewed, from which it is concluded that there is no experimental support for the idea that the more complicated the semantic decomposition of a verb is. the longer it will take to use it or understand it This should lead psycholinguists to pay further attention to the problem of how to combine a structural description of the lexicon with a functional description of language comprehension.
Measures of Cardiac Disease in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has long-term cardiac complications manifesting as diastolic dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension, with most end-organ damage accelerating in the 2nd decade of life. Currently, there are no cardiac screening guidelines for pediatric patients. This study aims to 1) describe cardiac manifestations in a group of adolescents with SCD by echocardiography, and 2) correlate cardiac findings with markers of SCD severity and treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with HbSS disease (most severe genotype) ages 13-21 years. For patients with ≥1 echo, only the most recent study was included. Echo …
Simple Scoring Tool to Estimate Risk of Hospitalization and Mortality in Ambulatory and Emergency Department Patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background Accurate methods of identifying patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk of poor outcomes has become especially important with the advent of limited-availability therapies such as monoclonal antibodies. Here we describe development and validation of a simple but accurate scoring tool to classify risk of hospitalization and mortality. Methods All consecutive patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 from March 25-October 1, 2020 within the Intermountain Healthcare system were included. The cohort was randomly divided into 70% derivation and 30% validation cohorts. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted for 14-day hospitalization. The optimal model was then adapted to a simple, probabilistic score and applied to the validation cohort and evaluated for prediction of hospitalization and 28-day mortality. Results 22,816 patients were included; mean age was 40 years, 50.1% were female and 44% identified as non-white race or Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity. 6.2% required hospitalization and 0.4% died. Criteria in the simple model included: age (0.5 points per decade); high-risk comorbidities (2 points each): diabetes mellitus, severe immunocompromised status and obesity (body mass index≥30); non-white race/Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity (2 points), and 1 point each for: male sex, dyspnea, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrythmia, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic neurologic disease. In the derivation cohort (n=16,030) area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.81-0.84) for hospitalization and 0.91 (0.83-0.94) for 28-day mortality; in the validation cohort (n=6,786) AUROC for hospitalization was 0.8 (CI 0.78-0.82) and for mortality 0.8 (CI 0.69-0.9). Conclusion A prediction score based on widely available patient attributes accurately risk stratifies patients with COVID-19 at the time of testing. Applications include patient selection for therapies targeted at preventing disease progression in non-hospitalized patients, including monoclonal antibodies. External validation in independent healthcare environments is needed.
Optimal Cyclic Spooling Control for Kite-Based Energy Systems

Abstract This paper presents a control strategy for optimizing the the spooling speeds of tethered energy harvesting systems that generate energy through cyclic spooling motions which consist of high-tension spool-out and low-tension spool-in. Specifically, we fuse continuous-time optimal control tools, including Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, with an iteration domain co-state correction, to develop an optimal spooling controller for energy extraction. In this work, we focus our simulation results specifically on an ocean kite system where the goal is to optimize the spooling profile while remaining at a consistent operating depth and corresponding average tether length. This paper demonstrates a 14-45% improvement (depending on the operating tether length and environmental flow speed) in power generation compared to a baseline, heuristic, control strategy.
Abstract P148: Initiation And Switching Of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Cancer And Atrial Fibrillation

Objective: Despite population-level increases in use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over the last decade, less is known about their use among individuals with cancer and non-valvular atrial ...
Investigating the Role of Explanative Diagrams as a Representation of Notional Machine on a Novice Programmer’s Mental Model

Novice programmers often make haphazard mistakes due to their incomplete and inconsistent mental models. Previous studies have indicated that students have a non-viable mental model of fundamental programming concepts. From theories of mental model, Mayer [13] showed the effectiveness of explanative diagrams in shaping a novice’s mental model. My dissertation aims to evaluate the role of Mayer’s explanative diagram as a representation of a notional machine to shape novice programmers’ mental models of the array.
Improving the Food Environment in Washington State–Run Correctional Facilities: The Healthy Commissary Project

Improvements to correctional facilities’ food environment can provide healthier food and beverage options for incarcerated individuals, a population disproportionately affected by chronic disease. ...
BRASH Syndrome Leading to Cardiac Arrest and Diffuse Anoxic Brain Injury: An Underdiagnosed Entity

BRASH (bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular [AV] nodal blocking medications, shock, hyperkalemia) syndrome describes the phenomenon of profound bradycardia from a combination of hyperkalemia and use of AV nodal blocking medication with underlying renal injury. We present a case of BRASH syndrome in a patient on chronic beta-blocker therapy for his coronary artery disease who presented with life-threatening hyperkalemia and acute renal failure. Due to failure in early recognition and superimposed effect with further beta-blocker dosing, the patient developed profound bradycardia and later went into pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Metabolic derangements and bradycardia later resolved with medical management, but unfortunately, the patient developed diffuse anoxic brain injury after the cardiac arrest and was declared brain dead.