cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging guidelines for use of NSAID therapy to optimize cataract surgery patient care

ABSTRACTThis analysis provides guidelines for the proper use of topical ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), discusses their effect on inflammation, and their role in the prevention of cystoid macular edema (CME). A novel treatment strategy is presented for recommended topical ophthalmic NSAID dosing in patient populations based on risk factors for CME. The article reviews current topical ophthalmic NSAIDs, as well as a newest generation of pro‐drug NSAIDs. In addition, combination therapy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids are discussed, along with a general review of therapeutic guidelines for dosing regimens, and benefits and risks of therapy. The goal of this analysis is to provide a suggested therapeutic regimen with topical NSAIDs to assist in achieving optimal clinical and functional outcomes.
SOFA: A Sleep-Optimal Fair-Attention Scheduler for the Power-Saving Mode of WLANs

Mobile devices adopt the IEEE 802.11 PSM (Power-Saving Mode) scheme and its enhancements to reduce their energy consumption when using Wi-Fi interfaces. However, the capability of PSM to save energy is limited when the WLANs are highly congested by other Wi-Fi clients. In this paper, instead of further pursuing the trade-off between power saving and the incurred delay on the client side, we take a different approach and explore the energy saving potential by considering the scheduling policy on the Access Point (AP) side. We find that the traditional packet-level first-come-first-serve policy is not sleep optimal since it keeps the PSM clients awake unnecessarily. We propose SOFA, an AP-centric scheme, which helps PSM clients save energy by minimizing the time they are forced to stay awake while down link traffic is being transmitted to other clients. SOFA delivers down link packets to the PSM clients in an optimal sequence, such that several objective are simultaneously achieved: (i) system-sleep optimality, (ii) energy-fairness, (iii) attention fairness, and (iv) no unnecessary deferral of packets beyond a beacon period. First, it determines an attention quota for each client at the beginning of each beacon period, without requiring any knowledge of available wireless capacity. Then it takes the attention "quota'' and attention request as inputs to decide the down link packet scheduling. We prove the stability and optimality of SOFA. Simulation results shows SOFA dramatically decreases the energy consumption of PSM clients in a crowded WLAN, especially for those clients with small attention requests.
Phytochrome Evolution in Green and Nongreen Plants

Photoreceptors are critical molecules that function at the interface between organism and environment. Plants use specific light signals to determine their place in time and space, allowing them to synchronize their growth, metabolism, and development to the environments in which they occur. Thus, innovation in light sensing mechanisms is expected to coincide with adaptation and diversification. Three studies involving the well-characterized phytochrome photoreceptor system in plants indicate that much work is yet needed to test this expectation. In early diverging flowering plants, episodic positive selection influenced the evolution of phytochrome A, but little of the functional data needed to link molecular adaptation with a change in gene function are available. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, known functional differences between a recently duplicated gene pair remain difficult to characterize at the sequence level. In parasitic plants, patterns of development that in autotrophs are under the control of light signals are highly modified, suggesting that phytochromes and other photoreceptors function differently in nonphotosynthetic plants. Analyses of phytochrome A coding sequences indicate that they are evolving under relaxed constraints in nonphotosynthetic Orobanchaceae, consistent with the expectation of functional change. Further work is needed to determine which of the processes mediated by phyA may have been altered, a line of investigation that may improve our understanding of divergence points in downstream signaling pathways.
Decomposing Changes in Income Inequality into Vertical and Horizontal Redistribution and Reranking, with Applications to China and Vietnam

It is acknowledged that the lack of any systematic link between growth and income inequality does not necessarily mean that economic growth is not accompanied by major changes in the underlying income distribution. The author uses a method devised to decompose the redistributive effect of a tax to analyze the extent to which vertical redistribution associated with changing incomes over time is offset or reinforced by horizontal redistribution and re-ranking. He uses panel data from China and Vietnam over a period when both countries grew spectacularly as they transitioned from planned to market economies, and yet experienced smaller annual percentage increases in income inequality. The results suggest that substantial amounts of horizontal redistribution and re-ranking in both China-and to a lesser extent Vietnam-more than offset pro-poor vertical redistribution. Without the horizontal redistribution and re-ranking, the Gini coefficient for China might have fallen between 1989 and 1997-substantially so.
Minimizing FPGA Reconfiguration Data at Logic Level

A framework that relates the size of FPGA reconfiguration data to the number of minterms of a specially constructed function is presented. Three techniques, variable mapping optimization, circuit don't-care modification, and look-up table input permutation, are developed to minimize minterms of the special function. The method to integrate the proposed techniques into FPGA design automation flow is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Glia are critical for the neuropathology of complex I deficiency in Drosophila

Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) disorders cause severe neurological disease, typically in the context of fatal encephalomyelopathies. Neuronal cell autonomous energy deficiency due to reduced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production is currently the leading hypothesis to explain the neurotoxicity in ETC disorders. To define the mechanisms underlying neuropathology in ETC disorders, we have modeled the most common type of ETC disorder, complex I deficiency, in Drosophila. Our model recapitulates important clinical features of the disease including neuronal loss, mitochondrial enlargement, motor dysfunction and early death. Using cell-type specific gene knockdown, we find that both neurons and glia contribute to the disease phenotype and that glia play a critical non-cell autonomous role in the development of neuronal toxicity. Our results open up an unexpected avenue of research, and could lead to the development of new treatment strategies.
Policy migration for sensitive credentials in trust negotiation

Trust negotiation is an approach to establishing trust between strangers through the bilateral, iterative disclosure of digital credentials. Under automated trust negotiation, access control policies are associated with sensitive credentials to control under what circumstances those credentials can be disclosed. Ideally, the information in a user's sensitive credential should not be known by others unless the corresponding policy is satisfied. However, the original model for user interaction in trust negotiation has pitfalls which can be easily exploited to infer one's private information, even if access control policies are strictly enforced. To preserve one's privacy, a more flexible interaction model for trust negotiation is required. On the other hand, it is also desirable for two parties to be able to establish trust whenever possible. There is potentially a conflict between privacy preservation and the assurance of a successful trust negotiation. In this paper, we identify the situation where sensitive information can be inferred through observing one's behavior in trust negotiation. Then we propose policy migration as one approach to preventing such inference. Compared to previously proposed approaches, policy migration has a low management overhead, and provides a nice balance between inference prevention and guarantees of success in trust establishment. We also discuss the limitations of policy migration, and possible directions for more comprehensive solutions.
History of Life, 4th Edition

Richard Cowen, 2004, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, 324 p. (Softcover, US $79.95) ISBN 1-4051-1756-7. At many universities, large survey classes in geology remain a staple offering with which students can fulfill a distribution requirement in the sciences. While such courses may result in an occasional geology major, they mostly serve to expose non-scientists (i.e., the soon-to-be general public) to a discipline of which they are, at best, vaguely aware. Within the genre, courses outlining the history of life are particularly attractive because they allow a great deal of flexibility to suit an instructor's interests and expertise. Moreover, the subject can be used to demonstrate how different scientific disciplines may be integrated in the pursuit of knowledge. Finally, biological history, when delivered as a seamless narrative, informs the lay public about its origins and relationship to the biological world and geological past. Richard Cowen hits all of these nails on the head with the 4th edition of History of Life. Written for an introductory course Cowen has taught for over three decades at UC Davis, the book serves to delineate many critical events in the evolution of animals. Throughout, Cowen is careful to distinguish fact from interpretation, and explains how, in paleontology, a pecking order of more- to less-robust interpretations (the latter including guesses) exists. Cowen encourages the reader to analyze critically the interpretations that are offered for various observations. I like especially the integration of many chemical, biologic, paleontologic, and geologic principles within the narrative. As a result, the book deviates from a more standard format of having the first third cover principles while the latter two-thirds cover the subject at hand. The integration across scientific disciplines is expressed especially well in the early chapters. For example, Chapter One outlines the primary hypotheses relevant to …
An Unusual Presentation of Paraganglioma of the Bladder Presenting With Hypertensive Crisis During Micturition

ABSTRACT Objective: Pheochromocytomas most commonly occur in the adrenal glands and affect most patients with characteristic symptoms of headache, palpitations, and sweats. They can occur in extra-adrenal organs such as the bladder and cause symptoms related to the location, such as micturition and hematuria. We report the case of a 56-year-old female with paraganglioma of the bladder. Methods: The patient had initial symptoms that were suspicious for pheochromocytoma. Imaging done with computed tomography of the adrenals was negative and 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scanning of the whole body done with bladder shielding were not interpreted initially as suspicious for bladder paraganglioma. A bladder ultrasound and computed tomography of the lower urinary tracts confirmed the lesion. The patient underwent partial cystectomy, and examination of the surgical specimen revealed a paraganglioma of the bladder. Results: A review of the literature was conducted to identify previous studies pertaining to bladder paraganglioma, focusing on reports related to their management. Conclusion: Paraganglioma of the bladder, although rare, should be strongly considered in patients with pertinent symptoms related to the location of the tumor, such as micturition and hypertensive episodes during urination. Initial inattention to the patient's manifestations may lead to a delay in the diagnosis. Clinical suspicion after carefully listening to the patient should lead to the subsequent evaluation and localization of the tumor. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography MIBG = 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine MRI = magnetic resonance imaging SDH = succinate dehydrogenase
A search for cosmogenic production of β-neutron emitting radionuclides in water

Here we present the first results of WATCHBOY, a water Cherenkov detector designed to measure the yield of β-neutron emitting radionuclides produced by cosmic ray muons in water. In addition to the β-neutron measurement, we also provide a first look at isolating single-β producing radionuclides following muon-induced hadronic showers as a check of the detection capabilities of WATCHBOY. The data taken over 207 live days indicates a 9Li production yield upper limit of $$1.9\times10^{-7}\mu^{-1}g^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^2$$ at $$\sim400$$ meters water equivalent (m.w.e.) overburden at the 90% confidence level. In this work the 9Li signal in WATCHBOY was used as a proxy for the combined search for 9Li and 8He production. This result will provide a constraint on estimates of antineutrino-like backgrounds in future water-based antineutrino detectors.
Effect of redox properties of LaCoO3 perovskite catalyst on production of lactic acid from cellulosic biomass

Abstract Cost-effective conversion of cellulosic biomass to value-added lactic acid with heterogeneous catalysts has attracted much attention recent years. While both solid Lewis acids and bases have been extensively studied, the role of redox catalysts for the production of lactic acid is barely understood. Herein, the LaCoO 3 perovskite metal oxides with strong redox properties and a good stability in hydrothermal media were used as the catalysts for the conversion of a variety of cellulosic biomass to lactic acid. The effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and gas atmosphere were investigated. At the optimum conditions, the yields of approximately 40%, 38%, and 24% lactic acid were obtained from glucose, xylose and cellulose, respectively. The key intermediates such as pyruvic acid were used as the probe reactants to explore the reaction mechanism. Unlike Lewis acid or base catalysed sugar conversion reactions, the redox pathway might start from the oxidative decarboxylation of aldose sugars and the lattice oxygen atoms in the LaCoO 3 perovskite structure participate the redox cycles in the conversion of sugars to lactic acid. Lastly, the stability of the LaCoO 3 catalyst in hydrothermal reaction media was discussed.
Towards extra-luminal blood detection from intravascular ultrasound radio frequency data

Recent evidence has suggested that the presence and proliferation of vasa vasorum (VV) in the plaque is correlated to an increase in plaque inflammation and destabilization, leading to acute coronary events (e.g., heart attacks). Therefore, the detection and quantification of VV in plaque (i.e., extra luminal blood perfusion) is an important problem since it may enable the development of an index of plaque vulnerability. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of a method that employs a physics-based model of the scattered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) radio frequency signal for the detection of blood. We evaluate our method using synthetic data and validate it using six 40 MHz pullback sequences acquired with three different IVUS systems from different arteries of rabbits and swines. Our experimental results are very promising and indicate the feasibility of our method for the computation of a feature that leads to automatic extra-luminal blood detection which may be an indication of plaque inflammation.
Judicial State Action: Shelley V. Kraemer, State Action, and Judicial Takings

This essay will explore whether recognizing a judicial taking would also constitute an overhaul of the state action doctrine by potentially turning a judicial decision that uses common law to resolve private litigation into state action that requires just compensation for a Fifth Amendment taking. Applying the principle from several cases -- including Shelley v. Kraemer, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, Cohen v. Cowles Media Co., Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co., and Georgia v. McCollum -- that "the action of the [s]tates to which the [a]mendment has reference[] includes action of state courts and state judicial officials" to state court decisions impacting property rights may, in the words of Justice Scalia in his dissent in McCollum, just be following a bad doctrine "logically to its illogical conclusion."
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Renal Masses: Image Interpretation–Related Potential Pitfalls and Possible Solutions

Introduction After identifying and correcting pitfalls related to image acquisition, radiologists should focus their attention on the potential errors that can occur during image interpretation. Among them, thefirst andmost important one is inappropriate characterization of a focus of normal renal tissue, congenital variant, or a benign infectious or inflammatory condition as a renal neoplasmon imaging studies. Secondly, identification of fat within a solid renalmass can create problems in distinguishing benign angiomyolipoma (AML) from malignant entities such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and liposarcoma. Thirdly, inappropriate assessment of contrast enhancement in solid or cystic masses, especially in hyperattenuating and heavily calcified renal masses, may pose significant problems that result in a faulty interpretation of a benign neoplasm as a malignant one and vice versa. In this article, we would review potential errors that radiologistsmay encounter during interpretation of ultrasound (US), multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in patients with renal masses and provide possible solutions to overcome these pitfalls.
Type I Dyserythropoietic Anemia in an Elderly Patient

A 58-yr-old woman is described in whom light and electron microscopic studies of bone marrow revealed the typical features of type I dyserythropoietic anemia. This form of anemia may be first diagnosed late in life, and caution should be exerted to avoid its confusion with preleukemia or erythroleukemia.
(Invited paper) energy delivery for self-powered IoT devices

Distributed small-scale electronics for IoT applications are on the rise. Power delivery for such electronics requires innovative design techniques to improve energy efficiency. This paper summarizes energy delivery challenges for IoT devices and discusses several design techniques for efficient power delivery units. Such design solutions cover challenges like energy harvesting from very low input voltage, maximized energy harvesting, energy delivery with multiple voltage domains and design using low voltage devices to sustain higher than breakdown voltages.
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock optimization strategies for 3 s 2 1 S 0 − 3 s 3 p 3 P 1 transition rates for Al + − S 4 +

Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of intercombination transition rates are sensitive to many factors. Earlier calculations for the ${3s}^{2}{}^{1}{S}_{0}--3s3p{}^{3}{P}_{1}$ transition optimized simultaneously on the ${}^{3}{P}_{0,1,2}$ levels using statistical weights of $2J+1.$ In this paper, different optimization strategies are investigated for Mg-like ${\mathrm{Al}}^{+},$ as well as a correction to the transition rate from the nonrelativistic limit. After correcting the transition rates for the transition energy, singlet-triplet separation, and the nonrelativistic limit, the deviation of the different intercombination rates reduces to $0.7%.$ The best strategy was also applied to ${\mathrm{Si}}^{2+}, {\mathrm{P}}^{3+},$ and ${\mathrm{S}}^{4+}.$ Compared with the available experiment, the intercombination rate of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{2+}$ is in excellent agreement with observation and the rate for ${\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$ is underestimated by $7%.$ The latter may be attributed to the core-core correlation.
Precise Measurement of the Σ + Magnetic Moment

The ..sigma../sup +/ magnetic moment is measured to be (2.38 +- 0.02)..mu../sub N/ with use of 44 457 polarized ..sigma../sup +/..-->..p..pi../sup 0/ decays in a charged hyperon beam. The inclusively produced ..sigma../sup +/ in this 210 GeV/c beam have a polarization of about 0.20 for production angles between 2.5 and 7.0 mrad.
Prediction of rehospitalization of family-care patients using the MMPI.

Peterson's scale, derived from the MMPI, was not predictive of rehospitalization for 40 schizophrenic patients preparing to leave the hospital.
Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on carbon surfaces.

Atmospheric aerosols can promote the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, impacting the radiative properties of clouds and Earth’s climate. The experimental investigation of heterogeneous freezing of water droplets by carbonaceous particles reveals widespread ice freezing temperatures. It is not known which structural and chemical characteristics of soot account for the variability in ice nucleation efficiency. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nucleation of ice from liquid water in contact with graphitic surfaces. We find that atomically flat carbon surfaces promote heterogeneous nucleation of ice, while molecularly rough surfaces with the same hydrophobicity do not. Graphitic surfaces and other surfaces that promote ice nucleation induce layering in the interfacial water, suggesting that the order imposed by the surface on liquid water may play an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. We investigate a large set of graphitic surfaces of various dimensions and r...
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Enterally Fed Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Administration of pancreatic enzymes (pancrelipase) to adult patients with cystic fibrosis when receiving enteral nutrition through a feeding tube is challenging. A number of techniques for preparing and administering the drug may result in complications that include feeding tube occlusion and inadequate enzyme delivery to the patient. A series of inpatient encounters is described.
McCarthy’s 4Ps: Timeworn or Time-Tested?

This paper evaluates Jerome McCarthy’s 4Ps paradigm from an historical and philosophical perspective. Since its introduction in 1960, McCarthy’s paradigm has been widely used as a pedagogical tool by academics and practitioners, but it has also been a frequent target of academic critics. The authors review criticisms of the 4Ps paradigm and conclude that it has proven to be sufficiently robust for contemporary marketing applications. That is, the 4Ps paradigm is time-tested! It is as valuable for 1990s’ professors, students and managers as it was in 1960.
Body Art of Buddhism Fresco in Guge in Tibet

Inheriting Tibetan cultural tradition,and absorbing multiple foreign art essence,body art of Buddhism fresco in Ali and Guge in Tibet has become an excellent art form.In Guge fresco,we could see that human body is appreciated as a kind of art,especially female body is depicted to be goddess.So there are many splendid works.
Selected Environmental Skin Disorders

The acute development of an irritating rash often results in a patient presenting to the Emergency Department instead of scheduling an office visit. This rash is frequently the result of the patient's interaction with the environment. Consequently, it is important that emergency physicians become more familiar with environmentally induced skin disorders. Sunburn and poison ivy are examples of these types of disorders. These and less common environmentally related skin disorders are reviewed.
Selective localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic implants*

Objectives To determine whether interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) expression was concordant in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic implants. Design Paired samples of endometrium and endometriotic implants from eight patients with endometriosis were used. Main Outcome Measures Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was demonstrated immunohisto-chemically on frozen sections of eutopic and ectopic endometria. A sandwich technique with polyclonal rabbit anti-IL-1ra antibody and an avidin-biotin reagent (Vector Laboratories, Inc. Burlingame, CA) was used. Results Seven of eight (88%) eutopic endometrial sections revealed staining of glandular epithelium with complete absence of any staining of the stromal compartment. In the counterpart sections of endometriosis, the glandular as well as the stromal compartments were negative for IL-1ra in all patients. Conclusion These data suggest a differential production of the IL-1ra in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic implants. The potential clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
Listening Behavior: Definition and Measurement

(1984). Listening Behavior: Definition and Measurement. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 178-197.
Holographic metasurface systems for beam-forming and imaging(Conference Presentation)

Metamaterials offer an alternative perspective for the design of new materials and devices. The advantage of the metamaterial description is that certain device solutions can more easily be recognized. Here, we discuss broadly the impact of the metamaterial design philosophy on quasi-optical apertures based on patterned holographic metasurfaces. In a guided wave format, in which radiating complementary metamaterial irises are patterned on the upper plate of a microstrip or parallel plate waveguide, the reference wave is equivalent to the guided wave and the entire structure becomes a compact, efficient holographic, aperture antenna. We have developed a millimeter-wave imaging system that makes use of a set of complementary metamaterial waveguide panels to form a frequency-diverse aperture. In this context, the metamaterial aperture produces a complex radiation pattern that varies spatially as a function of the driving frequency; a frequency sweep over a selected bandwidth thus illuminates a region of space with a set of distinct radiation patterns. Collecting the returned signal reflected by illuminated objects within the scene, a set of measurements can be made from which an image of the scene can be reconstructed. This imaging application provides a useful example of the introduction, integration and optimization of a metamaterial aperture into a complete system, where all other aspects of the system—including algorithms, calibration, software and electronics—must be tailored for the particulars of the metamaterial component. As metamaterials transition from science to technology, these aspects may prove just as challenging and interesting as the underlying metamaterial components.
Unregulated saphenous vein graft distension decreases tissue viscoelasticity.

Objectives:Unregulated intraoperative distension of human saphenous vein (SV) graft leads to supraphysiologic luminal pressures and causes acute physiologic and cellular injury to the conduit. The ...
Phonon and magnetic neutron scattering at 41 meV in YBa2Cu3O7.

We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements at excitation energies $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}41$ meV in YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. We separate magnetic and phonon contributions to the scattering cross section by a detailed analysis of the momentum dependence of the scattered intensity. The previously reported broad peak around $\mathbf{q}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\pi}/a,\ensuremath{\pi}/a)$ in the normal state can be entirely accounted for by a phonon which primarily involves vibrations of the in-plane oxygen. Magnetic scattering centered around 41 meV and $\mathbf{q}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\pi}/a,\ensuremath{\pi}/a)$ appears in the superconducting state only. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Susceptibility of Salmonella Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria to Common Disinfectant Agents Used in Poultry Processing

Poultry contaminated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica are a major cause of zoonotic foodborne gastroenteritis. Salmonella Heidelberg is a common serotype of Salmonella that has been implicated as a foodborne pathogen associated with the consumption of improperly prepared chicken. To better understand the effectiveness of common antimicrobial disinfectants (i.e., peroxyacetic acid [PAA], acidified hypochlorite [aCH], and cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC]), environmental isolates of nontyphoidal Salmonella were exposed to these agents under temperature, concentration, and contact time conditions consistent with poultry processing. Under simulated processing conditions (i.e., chiller tank and dipping stations), the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of each disinfectant were assessed against biofilm and planktonic cultures of each organism in a disinfectant challenge. Log reductions, planktonic MICs, and mean biofilm eradication concentrations were computed. The biofilms of each Salmonella isolate were more resistant to the disinfectants than were their planktonic counterparts. Although PAA was bacteriostatic and bactericidal against the biofilm and planktonic Salmonella isolates tested at concentrations up to 64 times the concentrations commonly used in a chiller tank during poultry processing, aCH was ineffective against the same isolates under identical conditions. At the simulated 8-s dipping station, CPC was bacteriostatic against all seven and bactericidal against six of the seven Salmonella isolates in their biofilm forms at concentrations within the regulatory range. These results indicate that at the current contact times and concentrations, aCH and PAA are not effective against these Salmonella isolates in their biofilm state. The use of CPC should be considered as a tool for controlling Salmonella biofilms in poultry processing environments.
Analysis of mylenated nerve fibers using an image acquisition system

A system to evaluate and follow morphologic changes in number, size, shape and other histological measurements of transverse myelinated fiber profiles in nerves and fiber tracts has proven to be a useful analysis tool. Applications of the system include the enumeration and sizing of peripheral nerves and central nervous system tracts for the morphologic study of development, aging, regeneration, neurotoxicity, pathologic conditions, also, the morphometric assessment of intra-epidermal nerve fiber densities, IENFD. The primary aim of the system is to provide both an operator-interactive and automated method for the detection, sizing and measurement of myelinated fibers. The system, Imaging System for Nerve Morphometry, was shown, to provide the specific functionality required to perform morphometric studies of peripheral nerve, compared to commercial systems which perform a more general estimate of histological features. The system consists of the tissue preparation process, a video camera-ready microscope capable of various resolutions, and a computer system for image acquisition, data analysis, data display and statistical analysis. The morphometric measurements obtained from this system have been used for quality control by clinical nerve pathologists, in the study of human peripheral neuropathies and the clinical assessment of IENFDs. In assessment of test retest reproducibility of periodically-sampled nerves, high degrees of reproducibility were achieved for most morphometric measurements.
Biliopancreatic limb obstruction after laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: a rare and potentially fatal condition

Key Clinical Message Biliopancreatic limb obstruction after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a challenging diagnosis as the symptoms are very nonspecific. CT scan is the optimal study for evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio for remote condensing units in commercial refrigeration systems

Abstract Different technological solutions are nowadays available to improve energy efficiency in centralized commercial refrigeration packs. Energy assessment of possible solutions is nowadays performed with different computational tools and comparison between alternative solutions is often difficult. In this paper, a methodology following the European Standards EN 14825 and EN 13215 is proposed for discussion. Sensitivity analysis with respect to climatic categorization of European and Mediterranean Countries is presented. The accuracy of the Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio (SEPR) estimations in comparison to traditional hourly based calculation is discussed using both absolute and relative energy figures. The reliability and usefulness of the presented method as a tool for a fair and accurate comparison between different systems is presented. Finally, next steps needed for the method full development are identified and possible further steps meeting the technology trend in commercial refrigeration are highlighted.
Stent graft treatment for infra-inguinal arterial disease for either instent-restenosis and denovo lesions associated with very high rates of failure.

BACKGROUND FDA approved the Gore Viabahn (WL Gore, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) stent for both femoro-popliteal arterial denovo and instent restenosis (ISRS) lesions. To date there is little data on Viabahn stent graft outcomes in ISRS arterial disease. METHODS Between 2007 and 2014 we identified 734 patients who underwent 1573 endovascular interventions in our institution for infra-inguinal revascularization. Among these, 48 patients had 143 Viabahn stents placed. Of these, 26 patients had 94 stents placed for ISRS and 22 patients had 49 stents placed for denovo lesions. RESULTS The patients in the ISRS group were younger and more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, compared to the patients in the denovo group. Stents were placed principally for femoro-popliteal lesions, with mean length of 21 ± 12.5 cm (19.2 ± 14, ISRS vs. 22.1 ± 11, denovo; P = 0.2). Both groups had low primary patency rates during one year follow up (54% vs. 33%, OR = 2.3 (0.9-2.2). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) (57% vs. 27%, P < 0.0001, OR = 3.7, CI = 1.8-8) and surgical revascularization (21% vs. 4%, OR = 6.3, CI = 1.4-28) occurred more frequently in the ISRS group than in the denovo group. Amputation rate (17% vs. 31%, OR 0.7, CI = 0.2-1), cumulative blockage (defined as ISRS and thrombosis) (62% vs. 47%, P = 0.09, OR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.6), and Restenosis (40% vs. 31%, OR 1.5, CI = 0.7-3.2) were not statistically different between the two groups. Mean duration of follow-up was 12.8 ± 13 months. CONCLUSION Stent graft treatment using the Gore Viabahn for denovo and ISRS in femoro-popliteal arterial obstructive disease have high restenosis and failure rates, of both stent patency and limb outcomes, which is consistent with existed literature.
Relocated memories: the great famine in Irish and diaspora fiction, 1846–1870

Relocated Memories investigates the temporal and spatial transference of memory of the Great Famine through analysis of an extensive array of texts produced on both sides of the Atlantic between 18...
Estimating nucleon substructure properties in a unified model of p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions

Abstract We apply a well tested hybrid transport model, which couples viscous hydrodynamics to a hadronic afterburner, to describe bulk observables in proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV . The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) initial conditions are modeled using the parametric TRENTo model with additional nucleon substructure parameters to vary the number and size of hot spots inside each nucleon, followed by a pre-equilibrium free streaming stage to match the full energy-momentum tensor of the initial state onto viscous hydrodynamics. Initial condition and QGP medium parameters, such as the temperature dependence of the QGP shear and bulk viscosities, are then calibrated using Bayesian parameter estimation to describe charged particle yields, mean p T and anisotropic flow harmonics of both collision systems in a single self-consistent framework. We find that the hybrid model provides a compelling, simultaneous description of both collision systems using appropriately chosen model parameters, and present new posterior estimates for the size and shape of the nucleon and temperature dependence of QGP shear and bulk viscosities.
Giant Panda Conservation and Bamboo Forest Destruction

Abstract The mountains around Sichuan contain richer biological diversity than any other temperate region. But in recent centuries, human exploitation has accelerated up from subtropical lowlands, removing most temperate forest. Disturbance is generally excessive for larger mammals of subtropical-warm temperate zones, and now there are threats to those of cool temperate-subalpine zones. The cool temperate zone is wettest, favoring extensive bamboo within the forest. Bamboo is virtually the only food of giant pandas, and this species' range has been reduced by roughly half in the past century. Though much cool zone bamboo remains, patches of larger warm zone bamboos may be needed as well for seasonal use and long-term dynamics. In the past decade at least, decline of giant pandas has been precipitated by periods of bamboo flowering and mortality. Monocarpic life-cycles are a natural feature of bamboos, and flowering may be somewhat synchronous with dry climatic periods. Deforestation has reduced the diversity of alternative bamboos available for emergency use after such events. To resolve the many problems concerned with nature conservation in these mountains — taxonomic, demographic, ecosystematic and socioeconomic — much more interdisciplinary and international cooperation will be needed. There may be hope that recent centralization of planning in China can extend better land-use to the provinces, and that communication problems with western conservationists can be overcome.
Estimation of Earthquake Damage to Buildings and Other Structures in Large Urban Areas

Damage to existing structures can be expected to be severe if large earthquakes occur in or near large urban areas. For example, Steinbrugge et al. (1981) estimate that property losses for a magnitude-7.5 earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood fault in the Los Angeles, California, metropolitan area would be $62.2 billion (1980 dollars), excluding losses for communication and transportation systems, dams, military installations, and consequent losses such as unemployment, loss of taxes, shutdown of factories due to loss of supplies, and automobile damage. These large expected dollar losses are of concern to facility owners, insurers, and government officials.
SILICA AEROGEL, A TRANSPARENT HIGH PERFORMANCE INSULATOR

ABSTRACT Aerogel is a transparent, low density, insulating solid useful for a variety of applications. We have been investigating silica aerogel for use as an transparent insulator between double glazings to form a high thermal performance window or solar collector cover that is capable of increasing the thermal resistance of conventional double glazing by a factor of 5 times or more. We report recent progress in the preparation of clearer silica aerogel and the status of scale up and commercialization activities.
Manual and Automated Syntheses of the N-Linked Glycoprotein Core Glycans

Presented herein are two complementary approaches to the synthesis of the core N-glycan pentasaccharide. The first, a traditional manual approach in solution, makes use of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery method for the highly diastereoselective introduction of the β-mannosidic linkage at room temperature. The synthesis of the core pentasaccharide was also accomplished using an high-performance liquid chromatography-assisted automated approach. The overall assembly was swift (8 h) and efficient (31%).
Erratum: Author Correction: Developing and adopting safe and effective digital biomarkers to improve patient outcomes.

The original version of the published Article mistakenly omitted the second affiliation for the first Author, Andrea Coravos. The first Author’s affiliation has been updated to include Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA, USA. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the Article.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Bladder Treated by Robotic Partial Cystectomy and Immunotherapy.

Background: Primary malignant melanoma (PMM) of the urinary tract is a rare entity, with only 28 cases reported in the literature. We present an interesting case of a 27-year-old Caucasian woman, with family history of melanoma, who initially presented with gross hematuria, and was subsequently found to have PMM of the bladder. Case Presentation: Initially diagnosis was made through transurethral resection of the bladder tumor with clinical suspicion of residual disease in the patient. Subsequently, she underwent robotic partial cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection followed by 1 year of pembrolizumab, a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor. Subsequent imaging demonstrated no evidence of metastatic disease or local recurrence. Conclusion: This case report presents a unique management of a rare pathological diagnosis with the use of robotic partial cystectomy, and a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy that ultimately has led to a 2-year recurrence-free survival period for this young patient.
TROPOMI reveals dry-season increase of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in the Amazon forest.

Photosynthesis of the Amazon rainforest plays an important role in the regional and global carbon cycles, but, despite considerable in situ and space-based observations, it has been intensely debated whether there is a dry-season increase in greenness and photosynthesis of the moist tropical Amazonian forests. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which is emitted by chlorophyll, has a strong positive linear relationship with photosynthesis at the canopy scale. Recent advancements have allowed us to observe SIF globally with Earth observation satellites. Here we show that forest SIF did not decrease in the early dry season and increased substantially in the late dry season and early part of wet season, using SIF data from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which has unprecedented spatial resolution and near-daily global coverage. Using in situ CO2 eddy flux data, we also show that cloud cover rarely affects photosynthesis at TROPOMI’s midday overpass, a time when the forest canopy is most often light-saturated. The observed dry-season increases of forest SIF are not strongly affected by sun-sensor geometry, which was attributed as creating a pseudo dry-season green-up in the surface reflectance data. Our results provide strong evidence that greenness, SIF, and photosynthesis of the tropical Amazonian forest increase during the dry season.
Uniformed Services University Medical Student Mentorship Experiences and Gender From 2010 to 2017

Introduction Gender disparity in medicine has drawn increased attention in the form of root cause analysis and programmatic solutions with the goal of equity. Research indicates that mentoring, guidance, and support, which include the provision of social and academic guidance and support from more experienced practitioners, can mitigate challenges associated with gender disparity. The purpose of this study was to explore women medical students' self-reports of mentorship during their time at Uniformed Services University (USU), if women report similar levels of mentorship as compared to men, and if levels of characteristics associated with mentoring (eg, social support, academic guidance) changed over time. Materials and method Using data from the American Association of Medical College's Graduate Questionnaire, a survey sent to all medical students prior to graduation, items were coded as related to mentorship, guidance, and support and analyzed to compare responses of female and male students from graduating USU classes of 2010-2017. Results No significant difference was found between experiences of female and male survey respondents. Equitable experiences were consistent across time for the 8 years of the study. Conclusions Although mentorship is cited as a key factor in mediating gender disparity in medicine, other STEM fields, and the military, the findings suggest that there is equity at the USU undergraduate medical education level. Further studies are needed to understand if disparities in mentorship experiences occur at other stages of a military physician's career, such as graduate medical education, faculty and academic promotion levels.
The Emotional Burden of the Correctional Health Care Advanced Practice Nurse

This state-of-the-science review highlights the unique experiences of the correctional health care advanced practice nurse and the risks involved with repeated exposure to violent behavior, verbal ...
Successful prevention of secondary burn progression using infliximab hydrogel: A murine model

Abstract Introduction Burn injury remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severity of burns is determined by the percentage of burned area compared to the body surface area, age of patient, and by the depth of skin and soft tissue involvement; these factors determine management as well as prospective outcomes. The pathophysiology of partial- to full-thickness burn conversion remains poorly understood and is associated with a worse overall prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that an altered inflammatory response may play a significant role in this conversion and therefore a reduction in early inflammation is crucial to ultimately decreasing burn severity and morbidity. We hypothesize that the application of a microcapillary gelatin–alginate hydrogel loaded with anti-TNF-α (infliximab) monoclonal antibodies to a partial-thickness burn will reduce inflammation within partially burned skin and prevent further progression to a full-thickness burn. Methods Assembly of the microfluidic hydrogels is achieved by embedding microfibers within a hydrogel scaffold composed of a gelatin–alginate blend, which is then soaked in a solution containing anti-TNF-α antibodies for drug loading. 12 young (2–4 months) and 12 old (>16 months) mice were given partial thickness burns. The treatment cohort received the anti-TNF-α infused hydrogel with an occlusive dressing and the control cohort only received an occlusive dressing. Mice were euthanized at post-burn day 3 and skin samples were taken. Burn depth was evaluated using Vimentin immunostaining. Results All mice in the treatment cohort demonstrated decreased conversion of burn from partial to full thickness injury (old = p Conclusion The application of a novel microcapillary gelatin–alginate hydrogel infused with anti-TNF-α antibody to partial thickness burns in mice showed reduction in partial to full thickness burn secondary progression as compared to controls using this murine model; this promising finding might help decrease the high morbidity and mortality associated with burn injuries.
A Relational Theory of Reputational Stability and Change

An ongoing discussion in organizational studies has focused on the path-dependent nature of organizational reputation. To date, however, there has been little explanation about when and why some co...
Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Discovered Incidentally on Computerized Tomography.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is an exceedingly rare vascular tumor first described by Weiss and Enzinger in 1982.1 It is a neoplasm that can arise in many different parts of the body, but most frequently involves the liver, lung, and bone.2 It disproportionately affects females with a ratio of 3:2 and 50% of cases are discovered incidentally. HEHE is misidentified in up to 80% of cases. It can be mistaken for angiosarcoma, metastatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or cholangiocarcinoma. While 25 – 40% of patients are asymptomatic, common presenting symptoms include right upper-quadrant pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, weakness, ascites, anorexia, and weight loss.2–4 Up to 37% of patients have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis and rapid progression is seen in up to 75% of cases where there are multifocal lesions.2,4 This report presents a unique case of HEHE found incidentally on computerized tomography (CT).