cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-phase modeling of turbulence in dilute sediment-laden, open-channel flows

In this paper, we focus on assessing the performance of diverse turbulence closures in the simulation of dilute sediment-laden, open-channel flows. To that end, we base our analysis on a framework developed in a companion paper of this special issue, which puts forward a standard sediment transport model (SSTM), a partial two-fluid model (PTFM) and a complete two-fluid model (CTFM), in three- and one-dimensional (3D and 1D) versions. First, we propose in this paper extensions of the transport equations for the Rey- nolds stresses, and of the equations of the K-ω model to two-phase flows, starting from the general two-fluid model. We consider the drag force to be the predominant force amongst all the interactions between the two phases (water and sediment). Second, under the framework of models formed by the SSTM, the PTFM and the CTFM, we discuss simulation results obtained by employing the Reynolds stress model (RSM), the algebraic stress model (ASM), and the K-e and the K-ω models (in their standard and extended versions), paired with each member of the framework. To assess the accuracy of the models, we compare numerical results with the experimental datasets of Vanoni, Trans ASCE 111:67-133, 1946; Coleman, Water Resour Res 22(10):1377-1384, 1986; Muste and Patel, J Hydraul Eng 123(9):742- 751, 1997; Nezu and Azuma, J Hydraul Eng 130:988-1001, 2004; Muste et al. Water Resour Res 41:W10402, 2005 . Third, we obtain from those comparisons the values of the Schmidt number that facilitate the agreement of model predictions with data. We conclude that the standard K-e model, the ASM and the K-ω models all provide satisfactory descriptions of flow variables and sediment concentrations in open-channel flows; further, we show that the more complicated RSM does not provide much improvement in dilute sediment transport as compared to those previous models, even when it is paired with the CTFM. We also show that the inclusion of model extensions in the turbulence closures does not improve the predictions for dilute mixtures either. We find that our values for the Schmidt number agree well with
Testosterone patch improves ovarian follicular response to gonadotrophins in a patient with Kallmann's syndrome: A Case Report

Achieving ovulation in women with Kallmann's syndrome requires both exogenous FSH and LH to successfully stimulate follicular maturation and ovarian steroidogenesis. We present a case of a woman with Kallmann's syndrome, who had poor ovarian response to stimulation by exogenous gonadotrophins. When she was given testosterone by patch before initiation of gonadotrophins, her stimulation dramatically improved. Once we ceased to pretreat her cycle with testosterone, she again had a poor stimulation. This suggests that testosterone administration may be a useful adjunct in improving ovarian response to gonadotrophins in Kallmann's syndrome patients.
Pre‐school children's understanding of the emotional consequences for failures to act prosocially

This study compares 4- and 5-year-old children's assessment of the emotional consequences of failures to act prosocially with their assessment of the emotional consequences for prosocial and victimization situations. After listening to stories illustrating each of the socio-moral situations, children rated the emotional consequences for an actor, recipient and observing teacher and justified their ratings. Findings show that pre-school children's emotion ratings for failures to act prosocially differed from their emotion ratings for prosocial and victimization behaviours. Pre-school children's ratings of an actor's emotions depended on the presence or absence of an observing teacher in prosocial and victimization situations, but not in failures to act prosocially. This study illustrates the complexity of young children's reasoning about failures to act prosocially and highlights the importance of contextual influences on children's understanding of socio-moral emotions.
Chinese Gifted Teenage University Program

This article reviews the initiation, improvement, and expansion of a teenage university program developed by Chinese educators. Over the past 17 years, hundreds of young people have graduated from the program, and most of them became the backbone of research and development activity in the country. This article presents a brief historical review of the program, methods employed in identification and selection of the gifted, curriculum developed for this group of students, administration of the program, and individual development of the students.
An information commons? Creative Commons and public access to cultural creations

The website Creative Commons went online in December 2002 to counter shifts towards an ‘intellectual property’ conception of copyright in American law dominant since the 1970s. This conception equates creative work with property per se, eclipsing the previously dominant American framework of copyright as a monopoly limited in duration. This legal shift in turn ties in with a concentration in the American media and fear among media corporations that the internet will undermine their dominant market position. Yet this very media concentration removes such issues from broadcast debates, a fact that combines with the complex technical nature of Creative Commons’ arguments to undermine public understanding of their position. By presenting a social history of the site and an overview of how it operates, the relation of the site’s work to media concentration and the future of representative democracy is clarified.
Determining Surface Potentials from Current Dipoles, with Application to Electrocardiography

This paper presents a method for determining the potentials over the surface of a three-dimensional volume due to internal current sources. The volume may be inhomogeneous and irregularly shaped. The method for determining the potentials uses N simultaneous equations which when solved produce the potentials at N different surface points. The N simultaneous equations are solved by an iterative technique on an IBM computer.
Multi-Objective Decision-Making In Supplier Selection: An Application Of Visual Interactive Goal Programming

Supplier selection by purchasing teams in a supply chain management environment is inherently a multi-objective problem. The authors discuss one of the multiple criteria decision support systems; Visual Interactive Goal Programming (VIG), to assist purchasing teams in their vendor selection decisions. VIG is based on a multi-criteria technique known as Pareto Race. Two examples illustrate the application of VIG in different multi-objective supplier selection environments. The first example demonstrates the allocation of a single product among multiple vendors, while the second example focuses on a multiple-replenishment purchasing problem in selecting supplier and allocating orders among them. The authors conclude with a discussion of VIGs benefits and limitations.
Photodissociation of CH2ClCH2I at 308 nm

The technique of photofragmentation translational spectroscopy has been used to study the photodissociation of CH2ClCH2I at an excitation wavelength of 308 nm. The exclusive dissociation pathway is C–I bond breakage with formation of CH2ClCH2 and I(2P3/2). The centre-of-mass translational energy distribution of the photofragments reveals that an average of about 50% of the excess energy appears in translation. The angular distribution of dissociation products with respect to the laser polarization indicates that the photodissociation process proceeds via a parallel transition—i.e., the transition moment must be nearly parallel to the C–I bond. Exclusive production of ground state I(2P3/2) with a parallel polarization dependence is unexpected based on the prevailing picture for alkyl iodide photodissociation.
People of Faith: The Unrealized Asset in Creating Greater International Understanding and Peace.

AbstractThere is no question that the 21st century has thus far been one of increased tensions between the West and the Middle East, former Soviet bloc nations, China, and various other nations. A number of these nations either are highly religious or are experiencing religious revivals. To the extent that clear secular trends are in place in the West, these developments could exacerbate these tensions. With these facts in mind, in this article it is asserted that people of faith in the West are well positioned to build bridges of mutual understanding between the West and these other nations, when perhaps secularists cannot.
In Vivo Expression of Murine Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα

We have performed a systematic in vivo evaluation of gene expression for the glycoprotein (GP) Ibα subunit of the murine platelet adhesion receptor, GP Ib-IX-V. This study is warranted by in vitro observations of human GP Ibα expression in cells of nonhematopoietic lineage and reports of regulation of the GP Ibα gene by cytokines. However, an in vivo role for a GP Ib-IX-V receptor has not been established beyond that described for normal megakaryocyte/platelet physiology and hemostasis. Our Northern analysis of mouse organs showed high levels of GP Ibα mRNA in bone marrow with a similar expression pattern recapitulated in mice containing a luciferase transgene under the control of the murine GP Ibα promoter. Consistently high levels of luciferase activity were observed in the two hematopoietic organs of mice, bone marrow (1,400 relative light units/μg of protein [RLUs]) and spleen (500 RLUs). Reproducible, but low-levels of luciferase activity were observed in heart, aorta, and lung (30 to 60 RLUs). Among circulating blood cells, the luciferase activity was exclusively localized in platelets. No increase in GP Ibα mRNA or luciferase activity was observed after treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We conclude the murine GP Ibα promoter supports a high level of gene expression in megakaryocytes and can express heterologous proteins allowing an in vivo manipulation of platelet-specific proteins in the unique environment of a blood platelet.
The Development of Party Identification in Post-Soviet Societies

of how the parties are arrayed along axes of political conflict and where they fit in the political spectrum. T he development of mass partisanship and party identification has long been a focus of social science inquiry. Yet, virtually all of the studies offering explanations and theories of partisan formation and change among the mass public are based on evidence derived from societies with fully developed party systems (Campbell et al. 1960; Lipset and Rokkan 1967; Converse 1969; Sartori 1976). The newly emerging democracies of the post-Soviet societies, however, offer a unique opportunity for testing theories describing the development of mass political parties and the rise of party identification. The earliest scholarly expectations regarding how post-Soviet citizens would react to the appearance of multiple political parties reflected the socialization theories prevalent in the literature. The pioneering work on party development emphasized a slow process of family and peer socialization leading to a party identification that presumably strengthens over the life cycle (Greenstein 1965; Jennings and Niemi 1974). Moreover, the traditional literature suggests that party differences and enduring party alignment arise gradually out of the important underlying group cleavages that characterize all societies (Lipset and Rokkan 1967). Thus far a prevalent view among scholars who study the most significant post-Soviet country, namely Russia, is that political parties have failed to attract popular loyalty. Indeed, many authors assert that the current post-Soviet political parties are ephemeral, impotent, and undifferentiated (see, for example, Reddaway 1994; Rutland 1994; Ordeshook 1995). In their groundbreaking work, How Russia Votes, White, Rose, and McAllister contend that "more than three quarters of the electorate lack any part identification" and that "the majority are to a significant degree anti-party" (1997, 135, 137). Rose (1994) has also concluded that the rise of political parties and party identification in Russia will take a good deal of time because post-Communist societies lack a civic culture and because Russians are
NOTE ON THE PREPARATION AND MOUNTING OF SAMPLES OF CHALK/GLUE GROUND FROM PAINTINGS FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

The scanning electron microscope has attracted increasing attention as a tool for use in archaeological and museum science [1-3]. Recent reviews on the materials of paintings [4, 5] have led to our producing scanning electron micrographs as an aid to studying morphology and sizes of pigment particles. The micrographs published in references 4 and 5 were obtained from specimens of pigment powders, a form which offers few problems in sample preparation. Specimens from paintings or from other examples of use may offer difficulties in that the pigment is seldom found alone and in a pure state. The presence of paint medium, and perhaps of other unwanted components, can result in a sample mount which has the pigment particles poorly dispersed and difficult to distinguish, and which is possibly defective in other respects. This note describes a method of sample treatment used to remove excessive glue from small (c. 0·1 mg) specimens of chalk/glue ground taken from oak panel paintings. It is based on enzymic hydrolysis of the glue to render it easily removable by water and to leave the chalk particles well enough dispersed to form a satisfactory mount for particle morphology studies.
On the Bidirectional Viscoelastic Behavior of the Human Achilles Tendon

Soft tissues such as tendons and ligaments are made up of groups of collagen fascicles surrounded by a sheath of epitenon. The friction between these structural fibers and their surrounding ground substance has been suggested to be the main contributor to the observed viscoelastic response of the tissue[1]. During normal daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs or jumping, these tissues are subjected to alternating loading and unloading conditions. Depending on the load and tissue orientation, this alternating loading condition may not be uniformly applied over the entire volume of the tissue. In some instances, certain fiber bundles are in tension (loaded) while others might be unloading. Hence, the development of accurate predictive models requires characterization of not only the loading behavior, but also the unloading behavior. To our knowledge, there are few models that specifically address the unloading behavior of the tissue.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Mathematical thoughts in DFT

A few problems in DFT are posed that have mathematical flavors. Is there a coordinate scaling equality for the correlation energy with an arbitrary density? Is it possible to obtain the exact ground-state energy from the exact ground-state density, or does the presence of certain functionals with zero functional derivatives prevent this? How common are non-v-representable densities? © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Education of Enterprise Ethics Concept is Important Content of the Construction of Enterprise Culture

Enterprise thics, which is also called enterprise morality, runs through the development of enterprise all along. Enterprise thics is behavioral norms regulating the relations among enterprises nations and society and noral requirements followed by legal entities and moral behavior entities. Only the enterprise enthics is blended into the all process of enterprise management, and only enterprise credit concept benefit and loyalty concept. Sense of worth are launched, call harmonious enterprise culture be constructed, and then the development of enterprise will be put forword.
Translating stochastic density-dependent individual behavior with sensory constraints to an Eulerian model of animal swarming

Density-dependent social behaviors such as swarming and schooling determine spatial distribution and patterns of resource use in many species. Lagrangian (individual-based) models have been used to investigate social groups arising from hypothetical algorithms for behavioral interactions, but the Lagrangian approach is limited by computational and analytical constraints to relatively small numbers of individuals and relatively short times. The dynamics of "group properties", such as population density, are often more ecologically useful descriptions of aggregated spatial distributions than individual movements and positions. Eulerian (partial differential equation) models directly predict these group properties; however, such models have been inadequately tied to specific individual behaviors. In this paper, I present an Eulerian model of density-dependent swarming which is derived directly from a Lagrangian model in which individuals with limited sensing distances seek a target density of neighbors. The essential step in the derivation is the interpretation of the density distribution as governing the occurrence of animals as Poisson points; thus the number of individuals observed in any spatial interval is a Poisson-distributed random variable. This interpretation appears to be appropriate whenever a high degree of randomness in individual positions is present. The Eulerian model takes the form of a nonlinear partial integro-differential equation (PIDE); this equation accurately predicts statistically stationary swarm characteristics, such as expected expected density distribution. Stability analysis of the PIDE correctly predicts transients in the stochastic form of the aggregation model. The model is presented in one-dimensional form; however, it illustrates an approach that can be equally well applied in higher dimensions, and for more sophisticated behavioral algorithms.
Analysis on the dengue fever clinical diagnosis and report in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2012

Objective To explores the affecting factors of dengue fever cases onset to be reported by analyzing the clinical diagnosis and report of dengue fever cases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2012, and provide reference for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Data of dengue fever was collected from the direct reported in network and field investigation. The time interval of consultinga doctor, clinical diagnosis, and report from dengue fever cases onset were analyzed. Results The time from onset to diagnosis of 311 cases direct report in network was the main time from onset to report of the cases, with the median of 7 days.The diagnosis time of confirmed cases original report(laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases)was longer than that of suspected cases(median difference was 1 day). The difference was statistically significant.The main affecting factor of the time interval from onset to report of 259 field investigation cases is that from onset to diagnosis(median is 8 days). Conclusions The main affecting factor of the prompt report of dengue fever cases was the time for diagnosis. The government departments should improve in the prompt detection, report and treatment of dengue fever cases.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause erectile dysfunction: true or false?

The Effects of Citalopram and Fluoxetine on Sexual Behavior in Healthy Men: Evidence of Delayed Ejaculation and Unaffected Sexual Desire. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel Group Study Madeo B, Bettica P, Milleri S, et al. J Sex Med 2008;5:2431–2441.2441 [PubMed] One of the dilemmas that sexual medicine doctors face is that many of their male patients have depression and are being treated with antidepressive medications, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are known to cause delayed ejaculatory responses, but many of these patients also complain of erectile dysfunction (ED). Because depression and erectile dysfunction seem to go hand-in-hand for many patients, many practitioners believe both from their anecdotal experience and what is written in the literature that SSRIs can affect erectile function in addition to its well-known effect on ejaculatory function. To help unravel the mystery of whether the SSRIs cause ED, Madeo and colleagues performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comparing 2 SSRIs (citalopram and fluoxetine) with placebo. The patients were normal, healthy volunteers (n = 16 for each group). The treatment lasted 4 weeks. Outcomes were ejaculatory function, erectile function measured by the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and RigiScan? (Timm Medical Technologies, Eden Prairie, MN) assessment following visual erotic stimuli. The authors demonstrated in this elegant study that both SSRIs caused delayed ejaculatory function compared with placebo, but there was no impact on erectile function in these normal male volunteers. The results of this study demonstrate that SSRIs do not affect erectile function and the cause of the ED in patients on these drugs must be primarily due to another etiology.
The arrangement of length heterogeneity in repeating units of amplified and chromosomal ribosomal DNA from Xenopus laevis

Non-transcribed spacer regions of Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA have been found which vary in length between 1.8 × 106 and 5.5 × 106 daltons. Length variation of rDNA† repeats exists within a single nucleolar organizer. Amplified rDNA contains repeats of the same size classes but often in different abundance than the chromosomal rDNA of the same animal. If a certain repeat length is preferred during amplification in an individual, it is also preferred in siblings with the same chromosomal rDNA composition. Thus, preference for a size class in amplification is inherited. Some animals selectively amplify repeat lengths which are rarely found in their chromosomal rDNA; others amplify their most abundant size class. The intramolecular arrangement of length variability was analyzed by the electron microscopy of heteroduplex molecules. Long single strands from two separate preparations of amplified and chromosomal rDNA each were reannealed with an homogeneous cloned spacer-containing rDNA fragment (CD30), and the size of adjacent heteroduplex regions was determined. The arrangement of length heterogeneity is very different in the two types of rDNA. Most, if not all, tandem repeats along a single molecule of amplified rDNA are equal in length. This observation supports a rolling circle mechanism for amplification. In contrast, between 50% and 68% of adjacent repeats in a given molecule of chromosomal rDNA differ in length. For one of the chromosomal rDNA preparations analyzed, the frequency of non-identical nearest-neighbors is compatible with random scrambling of repeats of different lengths. This result bears on the mechanism by which tandem genes evolve. It rules out sudden correction mechanisms of tandem genes such as the “master-slave” or certain “expansion-contraction” models, which predict that tandem genes will be identical.
Second Messenger Effects on the Myosin Phosphorylation System in Smooth Muscle

All smooth muscle cells contain the contractile proteins actin, myosin, and tropomyosin (Hartshorne, 1987). The enzyme myosin is the primary protein of the thick filament in smooth muscle and is composed of two high molecular weight subunits, or heavy chains, and two each of two types of low molecular weight subunits, or light chains. The molecular mass of each heavy chain subunit is about 200 kDa whereas the light chain subunits are 20 and 17 kDa respectively. The native hexameric form of myosin is configured as an intertwined coiled-tail region of two heavy chains embedded in the thick filament and two globular head regions that protrude at regular intervals to form cross bridges. These head regions contain the actin-binding domain, the catalytic site for ATP hydrolysis, and the associated light chain subunits. According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, thick (myosin) and thin (actin and tropomyosin) filaments move past one another. This process is related to the binding of cross bridges to actin and to the hydrolysis of ATP. The sliding filament theory has been developed primarily from detailed investigations of skeletal muscle, but the general organization of thin and thick filaments in smooth muscle is consistent with a similar mechanism of contraction.
Evolution of malignant plasmacytoma cell lines from K14E7 Fancd2 −/− mouse long-term bone marrow cultures

// Xichen Zhang 1 , Wen Hou 1 , Michael W. Epperly 1 , Lora Rigatti 2 , Hong Wang 1 , Darcy Franicola 1 , Aranee Sivanathan 1 , Joel S. Greenberger 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA 2 Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 PA, USA Correspondence to: Joel S. Greenberger, email: greenbergerjs@upmc.edu Keywords: E7, HPV oncogene, human papillomavirus, Fanconi anemia, Fancd2 −/− mice Received: April 29, 2016 Accepted: September 02, 2016 Published: September 15, 2016 ABSTRACT We tested the effect of expression of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV E7) oncogene on hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) derived from K14E7 (FVB) Fancd2 −/− (129/Sv), K14E7 Fancd2 +/+ , Fancd2 −/− , and control (FVB X 129/Sv) Fl mice. K14E7 Fancd2 −/− and Fancd2 −/− LTBMCs showed decreased duration of production of total nonadherent hematopoietic cells and progenitors forming day 7 and day 14 multilineage CFU-GEMM colonies in secondary cultures (7 wks and 8 wks respectively) compared to cultures from K14E7 Fancd2 +/+ (17 wks) or control mice (18 wks) p < 0.0001. Marrow stromal cell lines derived from both K14E7 Fancd2 −/− and Fancd2 −/− cultures were radiosensitive, as were IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines derived from K14E7 Fancd2 −/− cultures. In contrast, Fancd2 −/− mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell lines and fresh marrow were radioresistant. K14E7 Fancd2 −/− mouse freshly explanted bone marrow expressed no detectable K14 or E7; however, LTBMCs produced K14 positive factor-independent (FI) clonal malignant plasmacytoma forming cell lines in which E7 was detected in the nucleus with p53 and Rb. Transfection of an E6/E7 plasmid into Fancd2 −/− , but not control Fancd2 +/+ IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, increased cloning efficiency, cell growth, and induced malignant cell lines. Therefore, the altered radiobiology of hematopoietic progenitor cells and malignant transformation in vitro by K14E7 expression in cells of the Fancd2 −/− genotype suggests a potential role of HPV in hematopoietic malignancies in FA patients.
Band-to-band tunneling induced substrate hot-electron (BBISHE) injection: a new programming mechanism for nonvolatile memory devices

A highly efficient gate current injection mechanism, band-to-band tunneling induced substrate hot electron (BBISHE) injection, is studied and demonstrated by programming experimental EPROM (electrically programmable read-only memory) devices. The gate current in the BBISHE injection is generated via impact ionization by the energetic holes which are released by the band-to-band tunneling electrons in deep depleted p-type silicon. The BBISHE injection has very high ( approximately 1%) injection efficiency, defined as I/sub G//I/sub D/, compared to channel hot electron injection (usually >
Financial Soundness Prediction Using a Multi-classification Model: Evidence from Current Financial Crisis in OECD Banks

The paper aims to develop an early warning model that separates previously rated banks (337 Fitch-rated banks from OECD) into three classes, based on their financial health and using a one-year window. The early warning system is based on a classification model which estimates the Fitch ratings using Bankscope bank-specific data, regulatory and macroeconomic data as input variables. The authors propose a “hybridization technique” that combines the Extreme learning machine and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. Due to the imbalanced nature of the problem, the authors apply an oversampling technique on the data aiming to improve the classification results on the minority groups. The methodology proposed outperforms other existing classification techniques used to predict bank solvency. It proved essential in improving average accuracy and especially the performance of the minority groups.
Embodied Self-Care: Enhancing Awareness and Acceptance Through Mindfulness-Oriented Expressive Writing Self-Disclosure

ABSTRACTSelf-care is fundamental to mental health practitioner training and professional efficacy. Expressive writing about stressful events has been researched and shown to have positive physical and psychological effects. Mindfulness, an embodied approach to clinical practice and education, has also been studied and documented as an effective self-care approach. Embodied education integrates experiential history with current learning, which may influence future practitioner performance and client outcomes. This self-care exercise is designed to promote awareness and acceptance among counselors and counselors-in-training, as well as among clients, through use of a mindfulness-oriented written self-disclosure task that may facilitate meaning-making and may enhance psychological well-being and therapeutic efficacy. It aligns with Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and American Counseling Association Code of Ethics standards addressing counselor self-care as a necessary...
Historical Landscape Change in Yellowstone National Park: Demonstrating the Value of Intensive Field Observation and Repeat Photography

Although transportation and outdoor recreation are well‐recognized aspects of national parks, few studies have explored these aspects from the perspective of human geography as a means of analyzing...
Regulation of hetDNA Length during Mitotic Double-Strand Break Repair in Yeast.

Summary Heteroduplex DNA (hetDNA) is a key molecular intermediate during the repair of mitotic double-strand breaks by homologous recombination, but its relationship to 5′ end resection and/or 3′ end extension is poorly understood. In the current study, we examined how perturbations in these processes affect the hetDNA profile associated with repair of a defined double-strand break (DSB) by the synthesis-dependent strand-annealing (SDSA) pathway. Loss of either the Exo1 or Sgs1 long-range resection pathway significantly shortened hetDNA, suggesting that these pathways normally collaborate during DSB repair. In addition, altering the processivity or proofreading activity of DNA polymerase δ shortened hetDNA length or reduced break-adjacent mismatch removal, respectively, demonstrating that this is the primary polymerase that extends both 3′ ends. Data are most consistent with the extent of DNA synthesis from the invading end being the primary determinant of hetDNA length during SDSA.
Reframing Pinterest: Information Literacy for Interior Design Students

This article discusses providing information literacy to interior design students, specifically how over a few years, and several assignment iterations, we moved from a more traditional one-shot li...
Slowing of gastrointestinal transit by oleic acid: a preliminary report of a novel, nutrient-based treatment in humans.

Chronic diarrhea may occur when gastrointestinal transit is abnormally rapid. We hypothesized that oleic acid given prior to a meal would slow gastrointestinal transit and reduce diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small intestine. Transit time was measured in eight normal subjects following ingestion of a control emulsion (0 ml oleic acid), and in 45 patients with chronic diarrhea following ingestion of emulsions containing 0, 1.6, and 3.2 ml oleic acid. Stool volume and frequency on and off treatment were compared. Transit time in normal subjects was 102.4 ± 11.2 min (mean ± se). Transit times in patients was shorter at 29.3 ± 2.8 min with the 0-ml dose (P < 0.001), but increased to 57.2 ± 4.5 min with the 1.6-ml dose and to 83.3 ± 5.2 min with the 3.2-ml dose (P < 0.001). In the 18 patients who provided stool records, frequency of bowel movements decreased from 6.9 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 bowel movements/24 hr (P < 0.05) and stool volume decreased from 1829.0 ± 368.6 to 1322.5 ± 256.9 ml/24 hr with treatment (P < 0.05). An emulsion containing oleic acid slowed gastrointestinal transit and reduced diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small intestine.
Molecular clustering and percolation characteristics near the glass transition in aqueous trehalose and choline dihydrogen phosphate solutions.

Spatial and temporal characteristics of molecular structure in ternary solutions of trehalose and choline dihydrogen phosphate (CDHP) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K for a range of solute concentrations with a 2 : 1 stoichiometric ratio of trehalose to CDHP. For a given molecular configuration, water molecules are classified as interior (only neighboring other water molecules) or interfacial (at least one solute neighbor). As a tagged water molecule diffuses, it dynamically exchanges between interior and interfacial type as its local environment changes, with differences in hydrogen-bond strength between different molecular species creating a persistent preference for interfacial water. At high solute concentrations, interfacial and interior water have similar diffusivity, which allows for water to collectively act as a plasticizer. The percolation threshold for water, defined as the maximum solute concentration at which there still exists a water cluster that spans the simulation box, was found to be slightly under the liquid–glass transition, estimated to be near 84.5% solute concentration based on the onset of a volume hysteresis effect, which was not previously studied in the computational literature. The systems were observed to be highly inhomogeneous, with interlaced percolating networks of water and solute coexisting at intermediate concentrations. The density of interior water was found to decrease with increasing solute concentration, creating low-density regions within the matrix.
Functional Peptide Nanofibers with Unique Tumor Targeting and Enzyme‐Induced Local Retention Properties

An effective tumoral delivery system should show minimal removal by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), promote tumor uptake and penetration, and minimize on-site clearance. This study reports the design and synthesis of advanced self-assembling peptide nanofiber precursor (NFP) analogues. The peptidic nature of NFP offers the design flexibility for on-demand customization with imaging agents and surface charges while maintaining a set size, allowing for real-time monitoring of kinetic and dynamic tumoral delivery by multimodal fluorescence/positron emission tomography/computed tomography (fluo/PET/CT) imaging, for formulation optimization. The optimized glutathione (GSH)-NFP displays a reduced capture by the RES as well as excellent tumor targeting and tissue invasion properties compared to naive NFP. Inside a tumor, GSH-NFP can structurally transform into ten times larger interfibril networks, serving as in situ depot that promotes weeks-long local retention. This nanofiber, which can further be designed to release the active pharmacophores within a tumor microenvironment, displays a superior therapeutic efficacy for inhibiting disease progression and improving the survival of animals bearing triple-negative breast cancer tumors compared to free drug and liposome formulation of the drug, in addition to a favorable toxicity profile.
Chaotic Analysis of Hippocampal and Cortical Sleep EEG during Various Vigilance States

In this paper, we investigate the hippocampal and cortical sleep EEG of adult rats at different sleep stages by employing Lyapunov exponent and third-order cumulant measures to quantify and compare the chaotic and nonlinear behavior of EEG obtained during vigilance states of quiet- waking, slow-wave sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Lyapunov exponent was computed to characterize the EEG for chaos and third-order cumulant was used to measure the deviations from Gaussianity of the signal. Our results show positive Lyapunov exponents for all EEG states indicating a Iow- dimensional chaos for both REM and non-REM system. Furthermore, REM sleep EEG exhibits the largest Lyapunov exponent in both hippocampal and cortical EEG amongst other vigilance states. We also identified non-zero third-order cumulant for all the vigilance states which suggests their non- Gaussian behavior.
Approaches to Xianchang: Documenting the Real in Post-socialist China

This chapter argues that performance artworks in China involving the participation of migrant workers over the turn of the century simultaneously demonstrate a desire to fully merge with society through sustained engagement with migrant worker communities, and to create a critical distance between art and society. Two such different notions of the relationship between art and society are demonstrated through two conflicting uses of the concept of site-specificity, or “xianchang” in Chinese, in the 1990s. The paradoxes involved in the use and application of xianchang were a direct reflection of China’s post-socialist condition, which include both the continued embrace of the ideals of socialism and a critical questioning of the repercussions of China’s socialist legacy.
A Note from the New Editor

As the journal begins its 38th year, I am honored to take the helm as editor of a publication that not only conveys cutting-edge research but also serves as a vehicle for helping us to reimagine th...
Demographics, Psychological Distress, and Pain From Pressure Injury.

BACKGROUND There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that influence the intensity of pain associated with pressure injuries. OBJECTIVES We examined the influence of age, gender, race, and comorbidity on the relationships between pressure injuries, psychological distress, and pain intensity in hospitalized adults. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective secondary analysis using data from a regional acute hospital's electronic health records from 2013 to 2016. A sample of 454 cases met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using path analysis. RESULTS The hypothesized model (Model A) and two alternative models (Models B and C) were tested and demonstrated adequate model fit. All tested models demonstrated statistically significant independent direct effects of age on the severity of pressure injury (p < .001) and pain intensity (p = .001), as well as independent direct effects of gender (p ≤ .005), race (p < .001), and comorbidity (p = .001) on psychological distress. DISCUSSION Pain management for individuals with pressure injuries should include not only the treatment of wounds but also the individual characteristics of the patient such as demographics, comorbidity, and psychological status that may affect pain. Given the limitations of secondary analyses, further studies are suggested to validate these findings.
Role of caloric intake in the weight loss after jejunoileal bypass for obesity

Abstract Sixty-five patients were studied prospectively after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Dietary intake pre- and postoperatively was measured either directly by weighing food or by a research dietary history. Of 65 measurements, 59 were made at least 6 months after operation, when over 75% of weight loss had been achieved. Fat absorption was measured in 42 of the patients. The entire group ate fewer calories (mean ± se=2595 ± 135) postoperatively than preoperatively (mean ± se=3261 ± 138). This difference was highly significant ( P
The long noncoding RNA Meg3 regulates myoblast plasticity and muscle regeneration through epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Abstract Formation of skeletal muscle is among the most striking examples of cellular plasticity in animal tissue development, where mononucleated, lineage-restricted progenitor cells are reprogrammed by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to produce multinucleated myofibers. While some mediators of EMT have been shown to function in muscle formation, the regulation of this process in this tissue remains poorly understood. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Meg3 is processed from the >200 kb Dlk1-Dio3 polycistron that we have previously shown is involved in skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that Meg3 regulates EMT in myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Chronic inhibition of Meg3 in C2C12 myoblasts promoted aberrant EMT activation, and suppressed cell state transitions required for fusion and myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, adenoviral Meg3 knockdown compromised muscle regeneration, which was accompanied by abnormal mesenchymal gene expression and interstitial cell proliferation in the regenerating milieu. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses of Meg3-depleted C2C12 myoblasts and injured skeletal muscle revealed a significant dysregulation of EMT-related genes, and identified TGFβ as a key upstream regulator. Importantly, chemical inhibition of TGFβR1, as well as its downstream effectors ROCK1/2 and p38 MAPK, restored many aspects of myogenic differentiation in Meg3-depleted myoblasts in vitro. Thus, Meg3 regulates myoblast identity to maintain proper cell state for progression into differentiation. Summary statement Muscle differentiation and regeneration are regulated by an evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA that restricts gene expression to coordinate cell state transitions
Gender inequality in leadership and academic rank in academic reproductive endocrinology programs.

To identify gender differences in leadership and academic rank within academic reproductive endocrinology (REI) programs with fellowships in the USA. Official institutional websites of the 2017–2018 American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG)-accredited reproductive endocrinology fellowship programs were reviewed, and gender representation at each leadership position and academic rank (Division and Fellowship Director and Full, Associate, and Assistant Professor) was recorded. Univariate comparisons were performed using Chi-square tests, with significance at p < 0.05. Among 49 ABOG-accredited reproductive endocrinology programs, 263 faculty were identified, 129 (49.0%) male and 134 (51.0%) female. Division directors were 69.3% male and 30.7% female (p = 0.006). Similarly, fellowship directors were 65.3% male and 34.6% female (p = 0.03). Full professors (n = 101) were more frequently male (70.3% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in gender among associate professors (n = 60, 51.7% male vs. 48.3% female, p = 0.79), while significantly more assistant professors were female than male (n = 102, 73.6% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.001). While a majority of residents in obstetrics and gynecology and half of reproductive endocrinology academic faculty are female, women are still underrepresented among leadership positions and full professors in academic reproductive endocrinology programs with fellowship programs.
Biologically Inspired Exoskeleton Arm Enhancement Comparing Fluidic McKibben Muscle Insertions for Lifting Operations

Exoskeletons are being used in the industry to help individuals improve their endurance while reducing their chance of injury. These exoskeletons are based on human anatomy. To obtain the workspace of an exoskeleton, mathematical models are developed and simulated which is then refined to get the desired movements of an exoskeleton. Some of these exoskeletons are mechanically operated while others use complex control systems to perform a selected task. This can be achieved by using a combination of mechanical designs and electronics. Research of how exoskeleton functions and the types of exoskeletons are presented to achieve an overall workable exoskeleton. By implementing human assistive exoskeletons in industry, the unemployment rate can be decreased while creating the symbiotic association between man and machine. This study was conducted to determine the functionality of biologically inspired exoskeletons in an industrial environment.
Concordance Between Obstetric Anatomic Ultrasound and Fetal Echocardiography in Detecting Congenital Heart Disease in High-risk Pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the concordance between second-trimester anatomic ultrasound and fetal echocardiography in detecting minor and critical congenital heart disease in pregnancies meeting American Heart Association criteria. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies in which a second-trimester fetal anatomic ultrasound examination (18-26 weeks) and fetal echocardiography were performed between 2012 and 2018 at our institution based on American Heart Association recommendations. Anatomic ultrasound studies were interpreted by maternal-fetal medicine specialists and fetal echocardiographic studies by pediatric cardiologists. Our primary outcome was the proportion of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) cases not detected by anatomic ultrasound but detected by fetal echocardiography. The secondary outcome was the proportion of total congenital heart disease cases missed by anatomic ultrasound but detected by fetal echocardiography. Neonatal medical records were reviewed for all pregnancies when obtained and available. RESULTS Overall, 722 studies met inclusion criteria. Anatomic ultrasound and fetal echocardiography were in agreement in detecting cardiac abnormalities in 681(96.1%) studies (κ = 0.803; P < .001). The most common diagnosis not identified by anatomic ultrasound was a ventricular septal defect, accounting for 9 of 12 (75%) missed congenital heart defects. Of 664 studies with normal cardiac findings on the anatomic ultrasound examinations, no additional instances of CCHD were detected by fetal echocardiography. No unanticipated instances of CCHD were diagnosed postnatally. CONCLUSIONS With current American Heart Association screening guidelines, automatic fetal echocardiography in the setting of normal detailed anatomic ultrasound findings provided limited benefit in detecting congenital heart defects that would warrant immediate postnatal interventions. More selective use of automatic fetal echocardiography in at-risk pregnancies should be explored.
The pitfalls associated with more intensive engagement in collaborative forums: The role of behavioral spillovers and cognitive load

Polycentric governance systems feature numerous decision-making venues (“forums”) where policy actors repeatedly interact to address a subset of policy problems. Previous studies find that forums where actors dedicate greater time and cognitive resources tend to be perceived as more effective. Drawing on behavioral game theory and the Ecology of Games, we argue that the improvements afforded to any one forum vis-a-vis more intensive participation may come at a cost: lower levels of perceived effectiveness in linked forums. We use survey data collected in the Tampa Bay (FL) and California Delta (CA) water governance systems to examine our contention. Using a series of spatial Durbin models, we find that perceived effectiveness of a given forum is directly impacted by the intensiveness by which actors participate in that forum (positive association). However, there are also behavioral spillovers: the intensity with which actors participate in other forums in the system has indirect negative consequences for perceived forum effectiveness.