cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Chlamydomonas kinesin-like protein FLA10 is involved in motility associated with the flagellar membrane.

The Chlamydomonas FLA10 gene was shown to encode a flagellar kinesin-like protein (Walther, Z., M. Vashishtha, and J.L. Hall. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:175-188). By using a temperature-sensitive allele of FLA10, we have determined that the FLA10 protein is necessary for both the bidirectional movement of polystyrene beads on the flagellar membrane and intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bidirectional movement of granule-like particles beneath the flagellar membrane (Kozminski, K.G., K.A. Johnson, P. Forscher, and J.L. Rosenbaum. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 90:5519-5523). In addition, we have correlated the presence and position of the IFT particles visualized by light microscopy with that of the electron dense complexes (rafts) observed beneath the flagellar membrane by electron microscopy. A role for FLA10 in submembranous or flagellar surface motility is also strongly supported by the immunolocalization of FLA10 to the region between the axonemal outer doublet microtubules and the flagellar membrane.
Uric Acid and Hypertension

Epidemiologic studies published during the past 3 years support the possible role of uric acid in the onset of essential hypertension. Data from several large, longitudinal cardiovascular disease studies indicate that elevated serum uric acid is a predictor of incident hypertension and blood pressure progression. In a pediatric study, more than 90% of children with essential hypertension have serum uric acid levels above 5.5 mg/dL. During the same period, laboratory studies have provided compelling mechanistic evidence to explain the clinical observations. Uric acid causes hypertension in a rat model through the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, downregulation of nitric oxide, and induction of endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Ongoing clinical trials will elucidate the role of uric acid in human hypertension and will determine whether control of uric acid may be a new way to prevent or treat essential hypertension.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMOACOUSTIC THEORY FOR THE PHOTOACOUSTIC CELL

A three-dimensional thermoacoustic theory for photoacoustic cells gives excellent agreement with data taken in small cells, and reduces to previous results in appropriate limits.
Commissioning of the Spallation Neutron Source front end systems

The Front-End (FE) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator system is a 2.5-MeV linac injector consisting of the following major subsystems, the rf-driven H-ion source, the electrostatic Low Energy Beam Transport line, a 402.5 MHz RFQ, the Medium Energy Beam Transport line, a beam chopper system and a suite of diagnostic devices. After construction and initial commissioning at LBNL the Front End was shipped to Oak Ridge in the summer of 2002, installed at the SNS site and re-commissioned. This paper provides an overview of the major design features and the experimental results obtained during the final commissioning of the Front End Systems. Performance of the various subsystems will be described, and the final beam output performance will be summarized.
7.1: A microsystems enabled field desorption source

Technologies that have been developed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been applied to the fabrication of field desorption arrays. These techniques include the use of thick films for enhanced dielectric stand-off, as well as an integrated gate electrode. The increased complexity of MEMS fabrication provides enhanced design flexibility over traditional methods.
A new approach to category scales of intensity. I: Traditional versus rank-rating

A traditional approach to intensity scaling, using ratings on a 9-point category scale was compared to a method that combined elements of ranking called Rank-Rating. The latter method forced judges to retaste stimuli whose tastes they had forgotten and accordingly reduced discrimination errors, thus increasing ability to discriminate.
A Dominant Mutant Allele of the ING4 Tumor Suppressor Found in Human Cancer Cells Exacerbates MYC-Initiated Mouse Mammary Tumorigenesis

ING4 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that is deleted in 10% to 20% of human breast cancers and is mutated in various human cancer cell lines. To evaluate whether ING4 has a tumor-suppressive role in breast tissue, we overexpressed it in mouse mammary glands using a transplant system. Ectopic expression of ING4 suppressed MYC-induced mammary hyperplasia, but not tumorigenesis. In the same model system, we show that a COOH-terminal truncation mutant of ING4 found in human cancer cells could act alone to induce abnormal gland structures resembling mammary hyperplasia, which did not progress to tumors. However, coexpression of the ING4 mutant with MYC increased the penetrance and metastasis of MYC-initiated mammary tumors, giving rise to tumors with more organized acinar structures. Similarly, in vitro expression of the ING4 mutant in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells reinforced tight junctional structures. Our results provide direct functional evidence that ING4 could suppress the early stages of breast cancer and that dominant mutant alleles of ING4 might contribute to malignant development.
The television networks, competition and program diversity

(1979). The television networks, competition and program diversity. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 393-409.
A simulation analysis of faults and conflicts in a multicast-connected multi-path cube-based network

The problem of reconfiguration in a multicast-connected fault-tolerant multiple-path multistage interconnection networks (MIN) is discussed. The results of a simulation study conducted to evaluate the performance of the complementary two-stage cube (C2SC) network, a four-path cube-based network, under faults in the multicast mode are presented. The performance index used is the probability of failure to provide multicast connections due to faults and conflicts using two paths, three paths, and four paths out of all four possible paths. The results indicate that the probability of failure to provide multicast connection using two paths is comparable to that for using three and four paths. This implies that in order to reconfigure the C2SC MIN under faults, it is sufficient to consider only two paths. >
Angels in the Cloud: A Peer-Assisted Bulk-Synchronous Content Distribution Service

Leveraging client upload capacity through peer assisted content distribution was shown to decrease the load on content providers, while also improving average distribution times. These benefits, however, are limited by the disparity between client upload and download speeds, especially in scenarios requiring a minimum distribution time (MDT) of a fresh piece of content to a set of clients. Achieving MDT is crucial for bulk-synchronous applications, when every client in a set must wait for all other clients in the set to finish their downloads before being able to make use of the downloaded content. In this paper, we propose the use of dedicated servers, which we call angels to accelerate peer-assisted content distribution in general, and to minimize MDT in particular. An angel is not itself the content origin, nor is it interested in fully downloading the content, its only purpose is to enable a peer assisted content distribution scheme to approach the theoretical lower-bound for MDT. To overcome scalability issues inherent in an optimal MDT construction, we propose and evaluate a content exchange strategy involving angels, which we call Group Tree. In addition to simulation results that demonstrate the near optimal performance of our proposed approach, we present the architecture and implementation of CLOUDANGELS -- a service that allows the elastic, on-the-fly deployment of angels (in the cloud) to assist a content provider (off the cloud) in realizing its MDT objective.
Influence of Surgeon Behavior on Trainee Willingness to Speak Up: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Our aim was to determine if a surgeon's behaviors can encourage or discourage trainees from speaking up when they witness a surgical mistake. Study Design A randomized clinical trial in which medical students (n = 55) were randomly assigned to an "encouraged" (n = 28) or "discouraged" (n = 27) group. Participants underwent personality tests to assess decision-making styles, and were then trained on basic tasks ("burn" then "cut") on a laparoscopic surgery simulator. After randomization, students assisted at a simulated laparoscopic salpingectomy. The senior surgeon used either an "encourage" script (eg, "Your opinion is important.") or a "discourage" script (eg, "Do what I say. Save questions for next time."). Otherwise, the surgery was conducted identically. Subsequently, a surgical mistake was made by the senior surgeon when he instructed students to cut without burning. Students were considered to have spoken up if they questioned the instruction and did not cut. Potential personality bias was assessed with two validated personality tests before simulation. Data were processed with Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests. Results The students in the encouraged group were significantly more likely to speak up (23 of 28 [82%] vs 8 of 27 [30%]; p Conclusions A discouraging environment decreases the frequency with which trainees speak up when witnessing a surgical error. The senior surgeon plays an important role in improving intraoperative communication between junior and senior clinicians and can enhance patient safety.
Sequence, Purification, and Cloning of an Intracellular Serine Protease, Quiescent Cell Proline Dipeptidase

We recently observed that specific inhibitors of post-proline cleaving aminodipeptidases cause apoptosis in quiescent lymphocytes in a process independent of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. These results led to the isolation and cloning of a new protease that we have termed quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP). QPP activity was purified from CD26(-) Jurkat T cells. The protein was identified by labeling with [(3)H]diisopropylfluorophosphate and subjected to tryptic digestion and partial amino acid sequencing. The peptide sequences were used to identify expressed sequence tag clones. The cDNA of QPP contains an open reading frame of 1476 base pairs, coding for a protein of 492 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of QPP reveals similarity with prolylcarboxypeptidase. The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The post-proline cleaving activity of QPP has an unusually broad pH range in that it is able to cleave substrate molecules at acidic pH as well as at neutral pH. QPP has also been detected in nonlymphocytic cell lines, indicating that this enzyme activity may play an important role in other tissues as well.
Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein margination: a potential surrogate for whole-body lipoprotein lipase activity and effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids

Background: Margination occurs when blood borne particles attach to the vessel wall. Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles marginate when they bind to endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LpL). Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether TRL margination reflects in vivo LpL activity and whether n3 fatty acids affect fasting and fed TRL margination. Design: Healthy subjects (n 33) began with a 4-wk, placebo (olive oil; 4 g/d) run-in period and were then randomly assigned to 4 wk of treatment with 4 g/d of ethyl esters of either safflower oil (SAF; control), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Margination volume (MV) was calculated by subtracting true from apparent plasma volume. Results: MVs were 3 times as great during the fasting state as during the fed state (P 0.0001). In both the fasting and the fed states, MV was significantly correlated with plasma triacylglycerol and TRL half-lives. In the fed state, MV was also correlated with preheparin LpL, whereas in the fasting state it was not. There was no significant correlation between preheparin LpL and postheparin LpL in the fasting state. Relative to SAF, EPA and DHA supplementation resulted in higher MVs by 64% and 53% (both P 0.001), respectively, in the fasting state, without significantly reducing fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. In the fed state, DHA doubled the MV (P 0.05), whereas EPA had no significant effect. Conclusions: The correlations between MV and TRL half-lives and preheparin LpL suggest that MV could be a reflection of whole-body LpL binding capacity. The increases in MVs with EPA and DHA supplementation suggest that these fatty acids may increase the amount of endothelial-bound LpL or its affinity for TRL. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:45–50.
Heat-induced mass mortality of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) at sublethal water temperatures

We observed a massive die-off of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the epilimnetic sediments of Gull Lake (Michigan, USA) during the relatively warm summer of 2010, even though water temperatures were below widely reported lethal temperatures of ≥30 °C. We followed up this observation with 4 years of in situ monitoring of caged mussels stocked across a depth–temperature gradient in Gull Lake. Mortality of caged D. polymorpha was largely explained by accumulated degree hours >25 °C, a temperature threshold that is considerably lower than laboratory-derived lethal temperatures for D. polymorpha. We also assessed both the acute and chronic thermal tolerance of Gull Lake D. polymorpha with laboratory experiments, which confirmed higher acute tolerance (up to 32 °C) under otherwise ideal conditions but high susceptibility to prolonged exposure to “sublethal” temperatures (exceeding 1700 degree hours >25 °C) as occurred in Gull Lake during the die-off. Our results indicate that the thermal tolerance of D....
Aortic Constriction Exacerbates Atherosclerosis and Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice Lacking Apolipoprotein E

Despite considerable evidence suggesting that hypertension contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the causative links remain unclear. We have tested the effects of chronic hypertension induced by suprarenal aortic constriction on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Compared with a sham operation, narrowing the aortic luminal diameter by 33% increased blood pressure proximal to the constriction by approximately 15 mm Hg, but the pressures distal to the constriction were unchanged. Kidney renin mRNA and plasma renin activity were also unaffected. Compared with plaque size after the sham operation, atherosclerotic plaque size in the aortic root 8 weeks after coarctation was increased to 245% and 152% in males and females, respectively. Aortic segments at the constriction were free of atherosclerotic deposits, but segments proximal to the constriction were dilated and had atherosclerotic lesions. Thrombi were present immediately below the constriction in Apoe-/- and wild-type vessels. Surprisingly, compared with wild-type mice, the Apoe-/- mice were more susceptible to the cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by pressure overload. Thus, aortic coarctation exacerbates atherosclerosis in vessels proximal to the constriction without a concomitant increase in the renin-angiotensin system. Our study also suggests that apolipoprotein E plays an important role in modulating cardiac hypertrophy.
Creating Interdisciplinary Space on Campus: Lessons from US Area Studies Centers.

ABSTRACTRecent calls for university administrators to advance interdisciplinary research and teaching have suggested that allocating campus space to such initiatives is key to their success. Yet questions remain concerning just what kinds of spaces are most conducive to this agenda. This article aims to shed light on this relationship by drawing on case studies of five interdisciplinary area studies centers for the study of the Middle East from US campuses. From interview and observational data, we examine how faculty and staff perceive and use their space to support interdisciplinarity, and the ways that spatial attributes condition centers’ operation. Our cases highlight how interdisciplinary space is a complex configuration of material form, location, and meaningfulness, as these spaces are relationally embedded in broader campus geographies, and human agents construct meanings for them that are not determined by their physical design. We conclude with lessons for practice and further research concerni...
Age-Related ENOX Proteins (arNOX)

Age-related ENOX proteins (arNOX/ENOX3) of the cell surface and endosomes with a period length of 26 min and shed into body fluids increase linearly with age beginning at about 30 years to a maximum at about age 60. Rather than only reducing oxygen to water as is characteristic of ENOX1 and ENOX2, arNOX proteins transfer electrons to oxygen to form superoxide during part of their functional cycle. By generating oxygen species at the cell surface and in body fluids (saliva, serum, perspiration, urine, interstitial fluids), arNOX proteins propagate reactive oxygen species to surrounding cells and circulating lipoprotein particles as occurs in skin aging and atherogenesis. arNOX is widely distributed among aged systems including late passage cultured cells and plants. Activity is inhibited by coenzyme Q, salicin used in skin care, and oral supplements to reduce lipoprotein oxidation leading to coronary heart disease. The arNOX protein family has been identified in yeast and humans and has been cloned. At least five arNOX protein family members (TM9SF1-5) have been identified in yeast and in humans. Synthesized as membrane anchored proteins with their catalytic N-termini directed toward the cells’ exterior, a ca. 30-kDa fragment is shed and enters the blood and other body fluids or is internalized into endosomes. A particular family member, TM9SF2 with sequence homology to the LDL receptor, binds to the AopB100 proteins of LDLs as a source of electrons for transfer to oxygen to form superoxide. The hydrogen peroxide resulting from dismutation of the superoxide results in oxidation of the lipid core of the LDL with formation of malondialdehyde-like adducts, a prerequisite for their internalization by macrophages to form foam cells, the obligate progenitors of atherosclerotic plaques. Other than superoxide production, molecular structure and response to inhibitors, arNOX proteins share many properties with other ENOX proteins including a cell surface location, the oscillatory pattern of activity, resistance to proteases, N-terminal sequencing and chemical degradation, and a propensity for the purified proteins to form aggregates. They carry out both NADH (hydroquinone) oxidation and protein disulfide-thiol interchange as determined from studies with recombinant arNOX protein family members.
Trade in Electronic Commerce Services under the WTO: the Need to Clearly Classify Electronic Transmissions as Services and Not Tariff-liable

Written in 2001, this essay asks: should the World Trade Organization (WTO) classify electronic transmissions as a service, and thus tariff-free under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), or should the WTO classify electronic transmissions as a good, and thus subject to tariffs under the General Agreement on Trade (GATT)? First, for the sake of legal certainty, the WTO should take the appropriate steps to definitively classify electronic transmissions as a service and classify them as not tariff liable. Not tariff liable means a good is not subject to custom duties. Electronic transmission refers to "digitalized information transmitted by electronic means." Because they imply an exchange of digital information, electronic transmissions are a dynamic, highly technical, and evolving form of cross-border transactions. Because electronic transmissions are a dynamic and evolving type of transaction, the WTO should classify them as a service. With this, the WTO's complex legal framework for services can adapt to the evolving technological nature of electronic transmissions. Second, this essay argues: by defining electronic transmissions as service, WTO Members will be able to benefit from eventual liberalization in the service sector. Without this definition, Members will remain debating the characterization of cross-border electronic transmissions. This debate will delay and stall any substantive liberalization for trade in electronic transmissions services. Section I of this essay reports on state of confusion and indecision in the WTO surrounding the issue of whether all electronic transmissions are services and whether electronic transmissions are custom duty free. Section II presents the various perspectives in the electronic transmissions debate. This debate refers to whether electronic transmissions are a good or a service. There is a discussion of the arguments for classification as goods and for classification as services. Section III examines how electronic transmissions fall within the GATS legal framework.
Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption

This study examines the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, during focal brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was assessed after 2 hours of occlusion with 2 hours of reperfusion or 4 hours of permanent occlusion by measurement of the influx rate constant (Ki) for 3H-inulin in the MCA territory ipsi- and contralateral to the occlusion. Three experimental groups were examined: vehicle and 1 and 5 mg/kg DNP treated animals (given 30 minutes prior to occlusion). Four hours of permanent MCA occlusion only induced a modest increase in the Ki for inulin in vehicle-treated animals (0.09 ± 0.01 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01 μL/g/min in contralateral tissue). Although 5 mg/kg DNP significantly increased this disruption (p < 0.01), this effect was relatively minor (0.14 ± 0.02 μL/g/min). In contrast, DNP treatment in transient ischemia markedly increased barrier disruption. The ipsilateral Ki for 3H-inulin were 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.37 ± 0.06, and 0.79 ± 0.17 μL/g/min in vehicle, 1 mg/kg DNP and 5 mg/kg DNP groups, respectively. DNP did not induce barrier disruption in the contralateral hemisphere. Thus, while there is evidence that DNP can be neuroprotective, it has adverse effects on the BBB during ischemia, particularly with reperfusion. Considering the importance of naturally- or therapeutically-induced reperfusion in limiting brain damage, this may limit the utility of DNP and mitochondrial uncouplers as therapeutic agents.
An attentional theory of emotional influences on risky decisions.

Abstract It is well known that choices between gambles can depend not only on the probabilities of gains or losses but also on the emotional richness of the items to be gained or lost. Rottenstreich and Hsee (2001) demonstrated that overweighting of low probabilities is magnified if the possible events are emotionally rich, such as a kiss versus an amount of money. Ramirez (2010) showed that persistence in the face of comparable numerically presented losses is greater when the scenario involves taking care of a pet (emotionally richer) versus a business (emotionally poorer). Much of this phenomenon is captured in a neural network model of the Rottenstreich–Hsee data ( Levine, 2012 ). The model is based on interactions among the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, cingulate, striatum, thalamus, and premotor cortex that implement categorization of multiattribute vectors representing choice options, in a manner consistent with the gists of fuzzy trace theory. Before categorization, the vectors are weighted by selective attention to attributes that are either emotionally salient or task relevant, with increasing emotional arousal shifting the attentional weights away from numerical attributes such as precise probabilities. This interpretation is supported by the data of Hsee and Rottenstreich (2004) showing that how much participants would pay to save endangered animals is not influenced by the number to be saved if they see pictures but is influenced by the number if they are given verbal descriptions. The theory suggests a few open questions. How are the selective attentional signals represented in the interactions between prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas? Would the salience of numerical attributes still be reduced with high arousal in highly numerate participants? Would the differences between the pet and business scenarios be altered if the positive or negative feedback participants received were shown via pictures rather than numbers?
How Nafta Can Improve Trade

The spectacular success of regional trade agreements in the last 10 years means a world increasingly clustered into trade blocs. Since 1980, the European Community has gradually enlarged is scope.
Surface Occupancy Plays a Major Role in Cholesterol’s Condensing Effect

The condensing power of cholesterol and 5α-cholestane has been examined in liposomal membranes made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). Quantitative nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) analysis and fluorescence measurements using phase-sensitive probe Laurdan have demonstrated that 5α-cholestane exhibits a substantially weaker condensing effect. This fact, in and of itself, provides compelling evidence that cholesterol’s condensing effect is critically dependent on having its steroid nucleus at the membrane surface.
Fermentation phenomena when different species of micro-organisms are in close association.

Conclusions“Baker's yeast” as obtainable in Ceyloln and in England is not a pure culture of yeast, but is generally composed of two or more species of Saccharomyces an'd one or two or several species of bacteria diving in close association. The whole yeast as a rule gas-fermented more carbohydrates than any of the isolated germs did, either Saccharomyces or bacteria. 4 bacillus, which produced only acidity, not gas, in maltose, would produce gas when Saccharomyces was added to it, was inactive on maltose and was isolated from the same sample.In recent years I have used for my experiments mostly pathogenic bacteria and also a pathogenic yeast, Cryptococcus graciloides.Simple acid fermentation of certain carbon compounds caused by micro-organisms which never produce gas may in a number of instances be transformed into fermentation with the productioln of gas by adding a micro-organism which, alone, is inert, viz., produces neither acidity nor gas on those particular carbon compounds. For example :B. dysente...
Design Methodology for Voltage-Scaled Clock Distribution Networks

A low-voltage/swing clocking methodology is developed through both circuit and algorithmic innovations. The primary objective is to significantly reduce the power consumed by the clock network while maintaining the circuit performance the same. The methodology consists of two primary components: 1) a novel D-flip-flop (DFF) cell that maximizes power savings by enabling low-voltage/swing operation throughout the entire clock network and 2) a novel clock tree synthesis algorithm to ensure that the same timing constraints (i.e., clock frequency, skew, and slew) are satisfied. The proposed methodology is integrated within an industrial design flow. Experimental results on ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits demonstrate that the overall power consumed by the clock tree can be reduced by up to 27% and 44% in, respectively, 32- and 45-nm technologies while satisfying the same timing constraints. Furthermore, the proposed low-swing DFF cell maintains the clock-to-Q delay the same while achieving up to 32% and 15% power savings in the overall flip-flop power of the benchmark circuits at, respectively, 1- and 1.5-GHz clock frequencies.
Electromagnetic migration of marine CSEM data in areas with rough bathymetry

In this paper we present a new approach to the interpretation of the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) data in areas with rough bathymetry. This approach is based on a new formulation of the integral equation EM modeling method in models with inhomogeneous background conductivity. The developed technique allows us to incorporate known geological structures and bathymetry effects in the method of iterative EM migration/holographic imaging and inversion. This approach provides us with the ability to precompute only once the effect of a known geoelectrical structure (e.g., the bathymetry effect) and keep it unchanged during the entire modeling and migration process. The method is illustrated by numerical examples of modeling and inversion of marine CSEM data in areas with rough bathymetry.
Structural changes in microsomal suspensions: III. Formation of lipid peroxides

Abstract Turbidity changes in suspensions of brain microsomes were induced by ascorbate, iron plus ascorbate, cysteine, and cysteine plus cystine. The changes were correlated with lipid peroxidation, which was measured either with thiobarbiturate or by oxygen consumption. The process was blocked by metal-binding compounds; of the metals tried only iron was capable of increasing lipid peroxidation with ascorbate or cysteine. Lipid peroxidation occurred in a similar fashion in suspensions of boiled microsomes. Determinations of the water content and of the relative ionic permeability of incubated microsomes suggested that lipid peroxidation resulted in an increased membrane permeability. Lipid peroxidation was accompanied by an increase in reactive sulfhydryl groups, and sulfhydryl-binding compounds could shorten the lag period before the lipid peroxidation and turbidity changes occurred.
QCD phase transition studied by means of hadron production

We address the hadronization process of a QGP fireball formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the entire range of past and present heavy ion collision reaction energies. A precise method of analysis of hadron multiplicities has evolved into the “SHARE with CHARM” statistical hadronization model. Using this tool we describe successfully—over many orders of magnitude—the yield of all hadrons produced in the full range of reaction energies and centralities; exceptions are peripheral and more central collisions at low energies. The properties of the fireball final state can be understood by considering all primary hadronic particles. The dense hadron fireball created at SPS, RHIC, and LHC shows the final state differentiated solely by: i) volume changes; and ii) strangeness, (charm) flavor content. A universal hadronization pressure P = 80 ± 3 MeV/fm3 is found. The strangeness content of a large fireball as compared to entropy shows the presence of quark-gluon plasma degrees of freedom near the chemical QGP equilibrium. The 'Universal Hadronization’ condition common to SPS, RHIC, and LHC agrees with the proposed direct QGP fireball evaporation into free-streaming hadrons. Looking forward we discuss qualitatively how heavy flavor production contributes to energy stopping in the central rapidity region as function of reaction energy: the cases of LHC at full energy and future super-LHC.
249 HIGHER ANDROGENS AND LOWER PROLACTIN IN WHITE THAN BLACK WOMEN WITH RECENT-ONSET LUPUS.

Purpose Sex steroids have differential effects on lymphocyte function that may be relevant to the development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined sex steroid levels in white and black women with recent-onset SLE to determine whether black women had a more immunostimulatory sex steroid phenotype that might be associated with their propensity to earlier onset and more severe SLE. Methods Healthy premenopausal women with SLE for less than 5 years were enrolled. A standardized disease activity measure (Systemic Lupus Activity Measure or SLAM) was performed, and a blood sample was taken to measure hormone levels. Hormones were measured by EIA in our laboratory (progesterone, estrogen, androstenedione) or in the laboratory of our university hospital (prolactin and testosterone). Results Thirty-three black and 14 white women were enrolled. The black women were younger (31.6 vs 38.8 yr, p > .05). Clinical disease was similar (ACR criteria, SLAM score, patient and MD global assessment). Estrogen (32.7 6 15.9 vs 27.0 6 18.4 pg/mL) and progesterone (1,346 6 2,561 vs 2,256 6 3,588 pg/mL) were statistically similar (p > .05) in black and white women, respectively. PRL, known to be higher in SLE than normals, was above normal (upper limit 17.9 ng/mL) in 7/30 black and 1/14 white women (RR 3.3). PRL was 19 6 20 vs 14 6 8 ng/mL (p > .05), respectively. Testosterone trended higher (15.4 6 13.3 vs 11.9 6 13.4 ng/mL), and androstenedione was significantly higher in white women (1,582 6 980 vs 947 6 593 pg/mL, p = .009). Conclusion The propensity of young black females to earlier onset and more severe SLE may be due in part to the immunologic effects of lower androgen levels and higher prolactin compared to their white counterparts.
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful genotyping technique used for the separation of large DNA molecules (entire genomic DNA) after digesting it with unique restriction enzymes and applying to a gel matrix under the electric field that periodically changes direction. PFGE is a variation of agarose gel electrophoresis that permits analysis of bacterial DNA fragments over an order of magnitude larger than that with conventional restriction enzyme analysis. It provides a good representation of the entire bacterial chromosome in a single gel with a highly reproducible restriction profile, providing clearly distinct and well-resolved DNA fragments.
The Real and the Ideal: Towards Culturally Appropriate and Collaborative Heritage Practice in Kalimantan

This chapter critically examines changing approaches to museum development and heritage work in Kalimantan. The first part consists of an excerpt from my book Liberating culture: cross-cultural perspectives on museums, curation, and heritage preservation (2003). The book is based on ethnographic research conducted on the Provincial Museum of Central Kalimantan, Museum Balanga from January 1991 to August 1992. The second part, with the first serving as background, describes my work with the Dayak Ikat Weaving Project and the Museum Kapuas Raya, both based in Sintang, West Kalimantan in 2002, 2003 and 2008. These last two projects highlight the pivotal role international cooperation and collaboration play in these museum and heritage initiatives. Taken together, the case studies illustrate how museum ethnography, or the application of ethnographic research methods to the study of museums and museological processes and practices, can provide valuable insights into local conditions and the realities of what is happening on the ground. I show how museum ethnography is not only the basis for critical analysis but also for change in the direction of more culturally appropriate, collaborative, and participatory approaches. I conclude, however, that these approaches remain largely an ideal, or aspiration, without sufficient knowledge of local contexts and time to get to know a community and its specific needs and interests.
Flashback: a lightweight extension for rollback and deterministic replay for software debugging

Software robustness has significant impact on system availability. Unfortunately, finding software bugs is a very challenging task because many bugs are hard to reproduce. While debugging a program, it would be very useful to rollback a crashed program to a previous execution point and deterministically re-execute the "buggy" code region. However, most previous work on rollback and replay support was designed to survive hardware or operating system failures, and is therefore too heavyweight for the fine-grained rollback and replay needed for software debugging. This paper presents Flashback, a lightweight OS extension that provides fine-grained rollback and replay to help debug software. Flashback uses shadow processes to efficiently roll back in-memory state of a process, and logs a process' interactions with the system to support deterministic replay. Both shadow processes and logging of system calls are implemented in a lightweight fashion specifically designed for the purpose of software debugging. We have implemented a prototype of Flashback in the Linux operating system. Our experimental results with micro-benchmarks and real applications show that Flashback adds little overhead and can quickly roll back a debugged program to a previous execution point and deterministically replay from that point.
Groundwater: Climate-induced pumping

Groundwater resources are directly affected by climate variability via precipitation, evapotranspiration and recharge. Analyses of US and India trends reveal that climate-induced pumping indirectly influences groundwater depletion as well.
Meningococcal Carriage Evaluation in Response to a Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease Outbreak and Mass Vaccination Campaign at a College-Rhode Island, 2015-2016.

Background Serogroup B meningococcal disease caused 7 US university outbreaks during 2013-2016. Neisseria meningitidis can be transmitted via asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage. MenB-FHbp (factor H binding protein), a serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine, was used to control a college outbreak. We investigated MenB-FHbp impact on meningococcal carriage. Methods Four cross-sectional surveys were conducted in conjunction with MenB-FHbp vaccination campaigns. Questionnaires and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from students. Specimens were evaluated using culture, slide agglutination, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), and whole genome sequencing. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were calculated using generalized estimating equations. Results During each survey, 20%-24% of participants carried any meningococcal bacteria and 4% carried serogroup B by rt-PCR. The outbreak strain (ST-9069) was not detected during the initial survey; 1 student carried ST-9069 in the second and third surveys. No carriage reduction was observed over time or with more MenB-FHbp doses. In total, 615 students participated in multiple surveys: 71% remained noncarriers, 8% cleared carriage, 15% remained carriers, and 7% acquired carriage. Ten students acquired serogroup B carriage: 3 after 1 MenB-FHbp dose, 4 after 2 doses, and 3 after 3 doses. Smoking (aPR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.5) and male sex (aPR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5) were associated with increased meningococcal carriage. Conclusions Carriage prevalence on campus remained stable, suggesting MenB-FHbp does not rapidly reduce meningococcal carriage or prevent serogroup B carriage acquisition. This reinforces the need for high vaccination coverage to protect vaccinated individuals and chemoprophylaxis for close contacts during outbreaks.
The Total Inotrope Exposure Score: an extension of the Vasoactive Inotrope Score as a predictor of adverse outcomes after paediatric cardiac surgery

Objective The aim of the present study was to explore and compare the association between a new vasoactive score – the Total Inotrope Exposure Score – and outcome and the established Vasoactive Inotrope Score in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass Design The present study was a single-centre, retrospective study. Setting The study was carried out at a 21-bed cardiovascular ICU in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital between September, 2010 and May, 2011 Methods The Total Inotrope Exposure Score is a new vasoactive score that brings together cumulative vasoactive drug exposure and incorporates dose adjustments over time. The performance of these scores – average, maximum Vasoactive Inotrope Score at 24 and 48 hours, and Total Inotrope Exposure Score – to predict primary clinical outcomes – either death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation before hospital discharge – and secondary outcomes – length of invasive mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and hospital stay – was calculated. Main results The study cohort included 167 children under 18 years of age, with 37 (22.2%) neonates and 65 (41.3%) infants aged between 1 month and 1 year. The Total Inotrope Exposure Score best predicted the primary outcome (six of 167 cases) with an unadjusted odds ratio for a poor outcome of 42 (4.8, 369.6). Although the area under curve was higher than other scores, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The Total Inotrope Exposure Score best predicted prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and hospital stay as compared with the other scores. Conclusion The Total Inotrope Exposure Score appears to have a good association with poor postoperative outcomes and warrants prospective validation across larger numbers of patients across institutions.
Borane–Aluminum Surface Interactions: Enhanced Fracturing and Generation of Boron–Aluminum Core–Shell Nanoparticles

We present an experimental and theoretical study of borane–aluminum surface interactions that lead to rapid production of aluminum nanoparticles when Al balls are milled in the presence of diborane or pentaborane. Mass spectrometry was used to probe reactions of the boranes with aluminum fracture surfaces produced by milling collisions, which also generate local, transient high temperatures. Density functional theory was used to examine the interactions between a model aluminum surface and diborane and pentaborane, providing insight into the energetics of the first steps in the process that ultimately enables nanoparticle production. Further insight into the surface chemistry was obtained by analyzing the nanoparticles with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy with both electron-energy-loss and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, and dynamic light scattering. Particles were found to have fcc aluminum cores, capped by a ∼2-nm-thick shell, rich in both boron and hy...
The Secondary Mortgage Market - A Catalyst for Change in Real Estate Transactions

First Major Law Review Article addressing the secondary mortgage market, and its implications for real estate transactions.
Simulation and prediction of hurricane Lili during landfall over the central gulf states using MM5 modeling system and satellite data

A mesoscale modeling investigation of tropical cyclone/hurricane forecast over the Gulf of Mexico has been established under the NASA/HBCU Renewable Energy and Technology Project to adopt the numerical weather prediction model for possible use in regions where solar equipment will be used. Accurate and reliable forecasting is crucial in regions that have limited resources where renewable solar energy can be utilized. Devices such as solar cookers and solar Sterling engines can be effectively operated under adequate sunlight in converting solar energy to cook food. The study also involves in understanding the structure and dynamics of land falling tropical cyclones over the Gulf coast under the project — Diversity in Atmospheric Science through Research Application and Partnership (IDAS-RAP) with NWS/NOAA. Cloud cover, temperature, radiation, and precipitation are major factors that help the operation of such devices; therefore weather conditions must be predicted fairly well in advance so that appropriate measures may be taken to protect solar assets. A case study on Hurricane Lili 2002 (September 21-October 4) has been modeled to show changes in weather conditions that could affect solar-energy utilization. The PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to simulate the storm's formation and development, and predict its track and intensity change. The simulation was for a period of two days during October 3 and 4 when hurricane Lili made landfall over the coastal areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. Model configuration includes two nested domains of 85×85 and 91×91 dimensions respectively. Inner domain is two-way. The outer domain of grid size 27 km is positioned over the Gulf of Mexico region, and the nested domain of grid size 9 km closer to the coast of LA-MS. Objective analysis is done using NCEP ADP Global Surface Observations. Model predicted compared with aircraft observations taken by the National Hurricane Center and noted reasonably good agreement. The present study will aid in determining weather conditions well in advance so that early warnings can be issued and damage to life and property can be averted.
COSTS AND CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH 30- AND 60-DAY HOSPITAL READMISSION AFTER VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ABLATION

Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) is now widespread and remains resource intensive. Health systems face increased scrutiny on inpatient costs and readmissions. We sought to describe hospital costs for VT ablation and identify clinical factors associated with short-term readmissions
Anxiety disorders in suicidal youth.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that anxiety disorders are associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a child and adolescent sample referred to a clinic. METHOD: The sample comprised 1979 patients aged 5 to 19 years who were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children--Present Episode (K-SADS-P) at an outpatient mood and anxiety disorders clinic. Subjects were stratified by age and categorized into mutually exclusive groups as being nonsuicidal (n = 817), having suicidal ideation (n = 768), or having attempted suicide (n = 394) in the current episode. Psychiatric diagnoses based on DSM-IV criteria were compared to determine if anxiety disorders were a risk factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Logistic regression was used to control for significant demographic characteristics and comorbid disorders. RESULTS: After stratifying by age, we found no differences across the 3 groups (ideators, attempters, and nonsuicidal youth) in rates of an anxiety disorder in general or in specific rates of panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Two salient findings involving anxiety disorders were noted with regression analysis. In younger children (age 15 years), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was more prevalent in ideators (OR = 1.65; 95%CI, 1.03 to 2.66; P = 0.03) than in nonsuicidal patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this clinical sample, the relation between pediatric anxiety disorder and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts is not straightforward. However, further studies in nonreferred samples are warranted. Language: en
Energy-Conversion Properties of Si/GaAs Mesowires Containing fewer Threading Dislocations

In this preliminary study, we employed a direct metamorphic technique to grow Si/GaAs mesowires containing very few threading dislocations at the interface. Photoelectrochemistry was used as a novel approach to investigate the energy-conversion properties of large arrays of tandem Si/GaAs mesowire solar cells, in addition to study of their optoelectronics properties. By surrounding each nanowire with a liquid electrolyte, we formed radial semiconductor/electrolyte Schottky junctions, enabling a fast and direct investigation of the energyconversion properties of the wire arrays, without fabricating any additional solid-state contacts. Our findings are important for the further understanding of design principles, and device physics, of wire-based Si/III-V tandem solar cells.
Editorial for November 2017 Issue

This issue of the IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management includes 15 research articles. The relevance and usefulness of the articles is summarized. In addition, various Society-related matters are announced.