cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Labor force participation at older ages in the Western Pacific: A microeconomic analysis.

Retirement has become a very important stage of life for persons in developed countries. Life expectancy for those over age 60 has increased markedly. Rising real income and the institution of broad based social security systems have encouraged older workers to leave the labor force at younger ages. p]Reductions in older age mortality have also affected the less developed regions. Increases in the number of older persons, coupled with continuing high fertility, have increased the size of the working age population through both large entry cohorts and longevity of current workers. The capacity of the economy to absorb this growth is severely limited. As a result, labor force decisions by older individuals will be of increasing importance.
Computer simulation of potassium-steam combined-cycle, electrical power plants

Abstract A fluidized bed coal combustion system with potassium and steam cycles has been analyzed to evaluate the potential of potassium topping cycles in electrical power plants. The FLOWTRAN computer program has been used to simulate the major components and to compute material and energy balances for coupled potassium and steam cycles. The role of FLOWTRAN in analyzing combined-cycles with strong energy interactions is considered. Emphasis is placed on strategies for selecting feasible sets of design and operating parameters early in the study of new configurations. The design of a power plant of 705 MW(e) output is presented. Calculated efficiency of the combined cycles is 54%, including pumping power.
Surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland

Abstract Operations on the thyroid gland require an accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the region. The important structures that may be injured during thyroidectomy and the consequences of such injuries have been reviewed.
Cyclic nucleotides in the rat neostriatum: push-pull perfusion studies.

Summary A push-pull perfusion technique was employed for in vivo study of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) in the rat caudate nucleus. Addition of dopamine to the perfusion fluid elicited dose-dependent increases of both cAMP and cGMP perfusate concentrations. In separate experiments, it was found that pretreatment of animals with the dopamine antagonist, pimozide, significantly depressed both nucleotide responses to dopamine perfusion over the dose range studied. Mechanistic interpretations of the observations are considered. The push-pull perfusion technique appears to provide an extremely useful means of examining extracellular cyclic nucleotide levels in a discrete brain region, in vivo, under dynamic conditions.
Digit-Serial Systolic Architectures for Inversions over GF(2m)

Digit-serial architectures for finite field arithmetic operations are of interest since hardware costs can be optimized by minimizing the digit size to satisfy throughput requirements. Based on a reformulation of the extended Euclidean algorithm, we design digit-serial systolic architectures with digit size L for inversions over GF(2m) using a systematic approach. Compared with previously proposed digit-serial inversion architectures, our new architectures require significantly less hardware and reduce critical path delays by 50% while achieving the same throughput L/m and latency. Unlike previously proposed digit-serial inversion architectures, for which L has to be a divisor of m, our systematic approach is applicable even when L is not a divisor of m.
Performance of Disk Generators for Open-Cycle MHD Power Generation

The performance characteristics of disk MHD generators are analyzed for the combustion products of a Western coal at typical baseload conditions. Three disk generator configurations—radial outflow, radial inflow, and radial inflow-outflow—are considered for both impulse and reaction modes of operation. It is shown for enthalpy extraction, generator isentropic efficiency, and electric fields to be sustained along the generator channel, that the reaction mode radial inflow configuration is preferable for the baseload disk generator. The radial inflow-outflow configuration, which is a combination of the inflow and outflow geometries, could attain higher performance than the radial inflow configuration with substantially reduced generator size. Comparisons of disk generators with linear generators show that the performance of the disk generator is comparable to that of the diagonal generator, while the magnet cost for the disk generator is expected to be less than for linear generators. In view of these results, together with the advantages associated with simple channel construction, it is concluded that the disk generator is a potentially effective alternative to linear generators for baseload power generation.
Assessment of Support Surfaces Comparison of Nimbus and Pegasus Mattresses

ASSESSMENT OF SUPPORT SURFACES COMPARISON OF NIMBUS AND PEGASUS MATTRESSES IAN SWAIN 1, RAY NASH1, JAMES ROBERTSON 2 1Department of Medical Physics, 2Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Odstock Hospital , Salisbury INTRODUCTION There is no standard method for assessing the effect that different support surfaces have on skin blood flow and hence tissue viability. It is not even possible to produce a definitive method for measuring interface pressure, one of the more readily obtainable parameters. Such information is necessary to provide a basis for comparing the relative performance of the vast range of products that are sold with the prime aim of preventing pressure sores. Lack of objective information ensures that the purchaser has only the rival manufacturers claims on which to make a decision on the best way to optimise the use of hard stretched NHS funds.
Investigation of platelet-rich plasma in rabbit cranial defects: A pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone healing. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits were included in this randomized, blinded, prospective pilot study. Four equal 8 mm diameter cranial bone defects were created and immediately grafted with autogenous bone, PRP alone, autogenous bone and PRP, and no treatment as a control. The defects were evaluated by digital subtraction radiography with step-wedge calibration, histology, and histomorphometric analysis performed at 1, 2, and 4 months. Results: The results showed a significant increase in histomorphometric bone area and radiographic bone density in both bone and bone and PRP samples as compared with the control and PRP alone. No ignificant increase in bone formation was seen with the addition of PRP to autogenous bone. No significant difference in bone formation was seen between defects treated with PRP alone and control sites. Conclusions: No significant improvement, radiographically or histomorphometrically, was seen with the addition of PRP in bone formation in noncritical sized defects in the rabbit cranial model. However, bone and bone and PRP showed a histomorphometric tendency toward increased bone formation at 1, 2, and 4 months. © 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1176-1181, 2002
U-Pb zircon geochronology of Roxbury Conglomerate, Boston Basin, Massachusetts: Tectono-stratigraphic implications for Avalonia in and beyond SE New England

High-precision CA-TIMS 206Pb/238U zircon dates from sandstone and Brighton igneous rocks associated with Roxbury Conglomerate in the Boston Basin, eastern Massachusetts provide constraints on the age and tectonic significance of these deposits. Detrital zircon suites from Roxbury-related sandstones representing, in ascending order, the Franklin Park Member (proposed name), the Brookline Member and the Squantum Member establish closely comparable maximum depositional ages of 595.14 ± 0.90, 598.87 ± 0.71 and 596.39 ± 0.79 Ma, respectively. The youngest of these is the best maximum age estimate of the conglomerate. Brighton dacite near the base of the Brookline Member and amygdaloidal andesite near the top yield respective crystallization ages of 584.19 ± 0.70 Ma and 585.37 ± 0.72 Ma. These virtually identical dates support previous interpretations of these particular units as shallow intrusions and thus represent minimum ages of associated conglomerate. The Roxbury-Brighton sequence is traditionally shown as inter-fingering northward with ≤570 Ma mudstone of the Cambridge “Argillite,” but the age range of the conglomerate makes this impossible. Conglomerate lacking quartzite clasts typical of the Roxbury proper and associated with 593.19 ± 0.73 Ma rhyolite on the south side of the basin is re-assigned to the Lynn-Mattapan Volcanic Complex which rests unconformably on Dedham Granite in basement exposed west and north of the basin as well. Calc-alkaline geochemistry and ages of the 609 to 584 Ma Dedham-Lynn-Mattapan-Brighton assemblage link it with 630 to 580 Ma arc sequences in other northern Appalachian Avalonian terranes. Roxbury Conglomerate accumulated in fault-bounded intra-arc basins near the end of this magmatic cycle.
Monomorphisms and radicals of Noetherian rings

In particular, the result holds whenever R is right Artinian (with identity) or both left and right Noetherian. It would be interesting to know if it is true for any right Noetherian ring. If R and f are as in the theorem, we then use the result to determine the nilpotent radical of the Ore extension RCXf 1. Throughout the sequel, let R, N, and f be as above. Here is the setting for the proof: For S c R, let Z(S) = ( XERIXS=O}. For Zc R, let ZdR mean that Zis an ideal of R. Without loss of generality, assume f(R) + R. Let R. = R, and for i = 1, 2, 3 ,..., let Ri = f '(R). Thus
Transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos can be generated using phiC31 integrase.

Bacteriophage φC31 encodes an integrase that can mediate the insertion of extrachromosomal DNA into genomic DNA. Here we show that the coinjection of mRNA encoding φC31 integrase with plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be used to generate transgenic X. laevis embryos. Despite integration into the genome, appropriate promoter expression required modification of the reporter plasmid by bracketing the GFP reporter gene with tandem copies of the chicken β-globin 5′ HS4 insulator to relieve silencing owing to chromatin position effects. These experiments demonstrate that the integration of insulated gene sequences using φC31 integrase can be used to efficiently create transgenic embryos in X. laevis and may increase the practical use of φC31 integrase in other systems as well.
Homework, Homework Everywhere: Indian Parents' Involvement With Their Children's Homework

Parents play a key role in children's academic success. In this article, the author describes a sample of India's middle- and working-class parents' involvement in children's academic activities and the nature of support they provide for their children. In each case, everyday activities at home, often replicating school-based activities, indicated the narrowing of the separation between school and home—in terms of pursuing both linguistic and content-specific skills. While parents' concern for their children's academic success was obvious in all cases, the nature of support they provided was wide-ranging—from intense and complex involvement to disassociated. The support parents provided was dependent on their educational, cultural, and socioeconomic background. The author's recommendations aim at achieving educational equity for learners coming from all social, economic, and cultural backgrounds in order to equip them with skills for the new millennium.
Friction measured with a surface forces apparatus

A method is described with which friction can be measured between atomically smooth surfaces slid over distances from 1 nm to 1 μm, The force resolution is 0.5 μN and the pressure can range from zero (adhesive contact only) to 109 N/m2. The related method of surface forces measurement is also described, with which forces can be measured as a function of distance at separations from hundreds of nanometers down to molecular contact, with a distance resolution of 0.1 to 1 nm. Preliminary findings are reported for sliding of mica on mica in ambient atmosphere. The friction force varied little with load. The ratio of friction force to normal load therefore dropped with increasing load; it was 2 × 10−4 at a load of 1N. It is concluded that the friction coefficient is indeterminate for the present asperity-free surfaces. The shear strength was approximately 1 × 106 N/m2. Presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting in Cleveland, Ohio May 9–12, 1988
Effects of discriminability, probability of reinforcement, and handling cost on visual search and prey choice

Pigeons searched for two targets that varied in similarity to items in the background. The targets, simulating “prey,” were small alphabetic characters presented on computer monitors among distractor characters. In the first experiment, the probability of reinforcement for pecking at the targets was manipulated. In the second experiment, the response requirement for one of the targets was varied. Changing the probability of reinforcement led to more efficient search and increased choice for the more reinforced item. This effect carried over to subsequent equal reinforcement baseline conditions. Increasing the response requirement for one item increased response time for that item and reduced choice of the item. This effect did not carry over to a subsequent baseline condition. The results suggested that a high probability of reinforcement resulted in improved detection of the item, perhaps through perceptual learning, and increased the incentive that motivated response to the item, but that high response requirement resulted only in an incentive shift.
Single neuron studies of inferior temporal cortex

This paper reviews our experiments on the response properties of single neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex in the monkey that were carried out starting in 1965. It describes situational factors that led us to find neurons sensitive to images of faces and hands and summarizes the basic sensory properties of IT neurons. Subsequent developments on the cognitive properties of IT neurons and on imaging the responses of human temporal cortex to facial images are outlined. Finally, this paper summarizes recent results on fMRI imaging of the responses of temporal cortex to facial images.
Rheological behavior of solutions of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers in mixed solvents

A descriptive model was developed, using viscometry and light scattering, that explains the anomalous rheological behavior of solutions of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers upon the addition of water. The rheological behavior can be explained by considering the relative magnitudes of three interactions : the intra- and intermolecular electrostatic interactions between the ionizable acid groups in the copolymer, the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions, and the intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. The initial addition of water enhances the ionization of the acid groups, causing the electrostatic interactions between the acid groups to dominate the other two interactions. This leads to expansion of the polymer molecules and, consequently, to a relatively constant viscosity during dilution with water. Upon attaining the maximum ionization of the acid groups on the chain, the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions dominate the electrostatic repulsion, and the chains start to contract. Further addition of water leads to aggregation of the polymer chains into large polymolecular domains, resulting in a sharp decrease in the viscosity. Intermolecular hydrophobic interactions dominate the rheological behavior in this stage of water dilution.
On the Discrete-Ordinates Method via Case's Solution

In this paper, we have used Case's analysis of the neutron transport equation to obtain a new set of quadrature coefficients for the discrete-ordinates method. We perform the transport calculations by this set of quadratures, dependent on the medium. We also use the orthogonality relations in the discrete case to derive the full-range formulation of the half-range problem. This solution can, indeed, be profitably used in the new discrete-ordinates method.
Simultaneous determination of lipophilic aldehydes by high‐performance liquid chromatography in vegetable oil

A very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous separation and measurement of nonpolar and polar lipophilic secondary lipid peroxidation products in vegetable oil. Seventeen nonpolar and 13 polar lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds, derived from thermally oxidized soybean oil as 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones, were separated simultaneously by reversed-phase HPLC. Detection limit for the individual compounds is 1 ng. Thirteen of the nonpolar carbonyl compounds were identified as: butanal, 2-butanone, pentanal, 2-pentanone, hexenal, hexanal, 2,4-heptadienal, 2-heptenal, octanal, 2-nonenal, 2,4-decadienal, decanal, and undecanal. Three of the polar carbonyl compounds were identified as: 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-octenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The detection of the toxic 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a major compound, and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, a minor compound, in heated soybean oil is of particular importance because these toxic compounds have been shown to be absorbed from the diet.
Culture and Individual Responsibility: Touchstones of the Culture Defense

Disputes over cultural minority groups' rights, anthropologists recognize, belong on the discipline's watch. Curiously, little corresponding interest is expressed in socially problematic relationships between cultural identities and individual responsibilities, despite fierce, ongoing debates waged publicly in the United States and elsewhere over the responsibilities citizens share. This essay builds a foundation for the cultural analysis of individual-responsibility assessment with case studies taken from the "culture defense" literature. A culture defendant blames her culture for an offense she commits in a bid for leniency from the court. Establishing proof of cultural dictation (expressed by the slogan "My culture made me do it"), it happens, is a daunting task, transporting judicial inquiry into barely charted territory. Hence, the culture defense raises challenges for any broader investigation of culture and responsibility: How to understand the mechanisms of cultural dictation. By isolating those m...
Terpenoid ω-hydroxylase (CYP4C7) messenger RNA levels in the corpora allata: a marker for ovarian control of juvenile hormone synthesis in Diploptera punctata

Abstract Ribonuclease protection assays were used to measure changes in allatal transcript levels of the CYP4C7 gene which encodes a cytochrome P450 terpenoid ω-hydroxylase thought to play a role in the metabolism of JH and its precursors. Denervation of the corpora allata does not affect the pattern of expression of the CYP4C7 gene. Transplantation experiments show that CYP4C7 mRNA levels are dependent on a humoral factor characteristic of the reproductive state of the insect. Messenger RNA levels rise substantially in mated or denervated females, or in mated or virgin females treated with hydroprene, when the follicle length is over 1.5 mm. Vitellogenic ovaries however exert a negative influence on CYP4C7 expression, as ovariectomy in mated females causes a premature rise in CYP4C7 mRNA levels. The half-life of the CYP4C7 transcript is approx. 2 h when the corpora allata are incubated in vitro. Under these conditions, coincubation with a post-vitellogenic ovary maintains high CYP4C7 transcript levels in the glands. Excess juvenile hormone or analog applied at the end of vitellogenesis blocks ovulation or causes abortion of embryos deposited in the brood sac. We conclude that expression of the CYP4C7 gene is tightly controlled by the ovary, and it coincides with the ovarian signal to turn off juvenile hormone synthesis. The role of the CYP4C7 enzyme may be to ensure the clearance of allatal juvenile hormone and its precursors at the end of the gonotrophic cycle.
Flow Excursion-Induced Dryout at Low Heat Flux Natural Convection Boiling

Flow excursion-induced dryout at low heat flux natural convection boiling, typical of liquid metal fast breeder reactors, is addressed. Steady-state calculations indicate that low-quality boiling is possible up to the point of the Ledinegg instability, leading to flow excursion and subsequent dryout in agreement with experimental data. A flow regime -dependent critical heat flux relationship based upon a saturated boiling criterion is also presented. Transient analyses indicate that premature flow excursion cannot be ruled out and the boiling process is transient dependent. Analysis of a loss-of-flow transient at high heat flux forced convection shows a significantly faster flow excursion leading to dryout, which is in excellent agreement with the results of the two-dimensional THORAX code.
Lithium-selective electrodes based on non-cyclic polyether diamide carriers in conjunction with organophosphorus solvent mediators

Abstract Series of non-cyclic polyether amides were synthesized as derivatives of pyrocatechol. Poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes based on some of these carriers exhibited lithium selectivities over other alkali or alkaline-earth metal ions when dioctyl phenylphosphonate alone or mixed with o -nitrophenyl octyl ether served as plasticizer. Selectivity coefficients for lithium over sodium were up to 2.1 × 10 1 , over potassium up to 1.4 × 10 2 and over alkaline-earth metals up to 1.5 × 10 2 . The detection limit for lithium was 5.0 × 10 −5 mol dm −3 .
VH gene structure predicts a large potential anti-insulin repertoire

The majority of insulin antibodies derived from immunization are IgG antibodies that cross-react extensively with the autologous hormone. To examine the relationship between VH genes expressed by such self-reactive antibodies and their germline (non-rearranged) counterparts, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and isolate the germline progenitors of anti-insulin VH genes derived from BALB/c mice immunized with beef or human insulin. Results indicate that two anti-insulin mAbs (123 and 124) express VH genes which arise from a small subset of the J558 gene family and are highly homologous to the VH gene used by the murine CD5 + B-cell tumor, BCL1. The anti-insulin IgG mAb 127 belongs to the VH-VIII (Vgam 3.2) family and the amplification and isolation of germline VH genes from this small family precisely identified only two somatic mutation events in the CDRH2 of mAb 127. Another anti-insulin mAb, 133, also shows two replacement substitutions in the CDRHs when compared to the germline encoded anti-dextran antibody 19.1.2. These findings indicate that the IgG response to this small self-protein uses multiple VH genes which are largely germline encoded with only a low level of somatic mutation in their CDRHs. Additionally, analysis of N-segment additions in CDRH3s indicates anti-insulin B cells may originate from both early (fetal) and adult repertoires. These data are consistent with the concept that the mechanisms of clonal anergy or deletion do not regulate anti-insulin B cells and indicate that there is a large potential VH gene repertoire for insulin.
Hypogonadism induced by a transplantable, prolactin-producing tumor in male rats: hormonal and morphological studies.

Pituitary tumors originating from clonal strains of GH1B1 and GH12C1 cells differ mainly in the quantities of prolactin production. After these tumors were transplanted to Wistar- Furth inbred rats, only the male rats bearing GH1B1tumors which secreted high amount of prolactinand growth hormone exhibited growth retardation and genital atrophy. Female rats bearing the same strain of GH1B1 tumor and male rats bearing the predominantly growth hormone-producing GH12C1 tumor were not similarly affected. As compared to the control and GH12C1 tumorbearing animals, the male rats with GH,B! tumors had strikingly higher levels of circulating prolactin, moderately elevated levels of estrogen and luteinizing hormone but extremely low levels of testosterone. Histological studies of the atrophic testes and accessory sexual glands of the GH1B1 tumorbearing rats confirmed the hypoandrogenism foundin these animals. The hormonal data strongly suggest that hyperprolactinemia derived from tumor source was responsible for the...
Prevalence and magnitude of S-T segment and T wave abnormalities in normal men during continuous ambulatory electrocardiography☆

Fifty asymptomatic normal male volunteers, mean age 44.6 years (range 35 to 59), were prospectively studied to ascertain the prevalence and magnitude of S-T segment and T wave changes detected during continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Transient S-T segment depression of 1.0 mm or more was recorded in 15 (30 percent) of the subjects, and labile T wave inversion of up to 3 mm occurred in an additional 18 (36 percent). The presence of ST-T changes during monitoring did not correlate with age, daily activity status or heart rate. There was also no correlation with the S-T segment response or work performance during treadmill exercise testing. It is concluded that S-T segment depression and T wave inversions are commonly observed during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring of normal men. Therefore, similar changes observed in patients with coronary artery disease should be interpreted with caution.
Anesthetic management of a parturient with an incompletely resected cerebral arteriovenous malformation

Background and Objectives The anesthetic, neurosurgical, and obstetric literature regarding management of parturients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations is relatively sparse. A case report is given of a parturient, with a recent subtotal resection of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation, who presented for delivery of a viable male fetus. Methods The patient was scheduled for an elective labor induction, with early epidural analgesia advocated as a strategy to minimize the cardiovascular changes of labor and prevent involuntary Valsalva maneuvers. An elective instrumental delivery was planned when the fetal head had descended appropriately. Results Epidural analgesia was initiated when the patient reached 3 cm cervical dilation and provided excellent labor analgesia. After a passive fetal descent during the second stage of labor, Luikart-Simpson forceps were used to facilitate this stage. The newborn Apgar score was 9 at both 1 and 5 minutes after delivery. Both the patient and the infant have done well. Conclusions The available obstetric and neurosurgical literature does not offer firm recommendations for the optimal route of fetal delivery or the timing of neurosurgical resection of an arteriovenous malformation in the parturient. Anesthetic management is predicated on the principles of minimizing the cardiovascular changes of labor and preventing involuntary Valsalva maneuvers during the second stage of labor. Both of these goals are readily accomplished with epidural anesthesia.
Studies of high heat-flux and runaway electron damage on plasma-facing materials

Abstract Two separate disruption damage mechanisms are analyzed; high heat-flux surface damage and runaway electron damage. A low-temperature high-density plasma source exposes samples to high heat fluxes typical in magnitude and duration to those experienced during the thermal dump phase of a disruption. The vapor shield phenomena occurring at ablative surfaces is thus verified by comparisons of experimental data with quantities predicted by code analysis. Extensive 3-D computer modeling of runaway electron damage reveals that electron energy, electron incident angle, and material stopping power are key parameters in the amount of energy deposition in plasma facing components. For both damage mechanisms graphite appears to be a better material to resist disruption damage.
Adult-derived Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation (IMPACT) risk score predicts short-term mortality after pediatric heart transplantation.

Background We have previously derived and validated the Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation (IMPACT), which predicts short-term mortality after adult orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). This study evaluated the predictive accuracy of the IMPACT score in pediatric OHT. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing registry was used to identify pediatric ( Results We identified 2,518 eligible pediatric OHT patients (1,128 girls [44.8%]). Mean IMPACT score was 10.3 ± 6.3 (range, 0 to 38). A total of 297 patients (11.8%) died within the first year after OHT. Each point increase in the IMPACT score increased the odds of 1-year mortality by 13% (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.15; p Conclusions In this large-cohort analysis, the IMPACT score accurately predicted mortality following pediatric OHT. The IMPACT score could therefore be useful to providers for organ allocation and prognostication in this patient population.
Taming Tibet: landscape transformation and the gift of Chinese development

In Taming Tibet, Emily Yeh offers a new twist to current paradigms of Chinese development, presenting a trove of new evidence from China's politically unstable western periphery. Drawing on 16 mont...
An overview of the Yale Gem system

The Gem system is an experimental computing facility that provides low cost, high speed, graphics-oriented computing to between ten and sixteen simultaneous users. It provides many unusual facilities to its users and presents a user interface that is unique in its convenience and flexibility. The motivation for the system, its design and user experience are described. Possible future avenues of research are also outlined.
Acoustic plasmons in a conducting double layer

We have investigated the acoustic plasma branch present in the longitudinal spectrum of two spatially separated parallel quasi-two-dimensional conducting layers. Our approach is based on the dielectric theory and is completely analytical within the random-phase approximation. By means of a systematic analysis we have obtained several exact results concerning the plasma dispersion relation. In particular, we have derived an exact expression for ${c}_{p}$ the acoustic plasmon group velocity in terms of the effective masses, densities and geometrical parameters of the heterostructure. We find that when the two layers are identical the system always admits a branch of acoustic plasmons as undamped modes for any finite value of the distance between the layers.
A proposed model for the PEX5-peroxisomal targeting signal-1 recognition complex.

The three-dimensional structure of a protein can greatly illuminate the relationship between its sequence and its function. However, in the absence of a set of experimentally derived coordinates, one often seeks a model of the protein of interest to guide future study. We describe the combined utilization of orthologous sequence information along with knowledge of the related structural fold to model the interaction between PEX5 and its ligand, the peroxisomal targeting signal-1 (PTS1). With this model, we are able to identify residues within PEX5 that appear to be important for peptide recognition, as well as explain some of the sequence requirements of the PTS1. Specifically, our model highlights four asparagine residues as important for ligand backbone atom recognition, which, along with previously observed examples, suggests this as a general mechanism for the binding of extended polypeptides. Proteins 2000;38:241–246. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Semi-De Morgan Algebras

The purpose of this paper is to define and investigate a new (equational) class of algebras, which we call semi-De Morgan algebras, as a common abstraction of De Morgan algebras and distributive pseudocomplemented lattices. We were first led to this class of algebras in 1979 (in Brazil) as a result of our attempt to extend both the well-known theorem of Glivenko (see [4, Theorem 26]) and Lakser's characterization of principal congruences to a setting more general than that of distributive pseudocomplemented lattices. In subsequent years, our work in [20] on a subvariety of Ockham algebras, first considered by Berman [3], renewed our interest in semi-De Morgan algebras by providing new examples. It seems worth mentioning that these new algebras may also turn out to be useful in resolving a conjecture made in [22] to unify certain strikingly similar results on Heyting algebras with a dual pseudocomplement (see [21]) and Heyting algebras with a De Morgan negation (see [22]). In §2 we introduce semi-De Morgan algebras and prove the main theorem, which, roughly speaking, states that certain elements of a semi-De Morgan algebra form a De Morgan algebra. Several applications then follow, including new axiomatizations of distributive pseudocomplemented lattices, Stone algebras and De Morgan algebras.
The influence of cobalt, iron and aluminum on the precipitation of metastable phases in the NiTa system

Abstract The precipitation of the L1 2 γ′ phase or the D0 22 γ″ phase in NiTa alloys can be controlled by additions of either cobalt or combinations of iron and aluminum. The substitution of 27–29 at.% Co for nickel in a basic Ni10at.%Ta alloy leads to γ″ precipitation, whereas alloys containing 29–43 at.% Co exhibit the bimodal precipitation of both the γ″ and the γ′ phases. Alloys containing more than 42.6 at.% Co exhibit only the f.c.c. γ′ precipitate. Additions of iron to NiTa promote the precipitation of the face-centered tetragonal γ″ phase whereas the addition of aluminum favors γ′ precipitation. Appropriate combinations of aluminum and iron permit the simultaneous precipitation of both the γ″ and the γ′ metastable phases. The alloy compositions corresponding to the appearance of these phases either separately or together in the form of bimodal precipitation can be anticipated from electron theory considerations, thereby providing a basis for microstructure control and alloy design.
Random Walks and the Double-Layer Impedance

The double-layer impedance between a perfectly polarizable metallic electrode and an electrolyte exhibits anomalous behavior as a function of frequency ?. This behavior is related to the surface roughness of the electrode. We introduce a random walk algorithm for calculating this frequency behavior as a power series in (1 - i?)-1. In two limits the coefficients appearing in this series can be related directly to properties of the electrode surface. We apply this algorithm to the calculation of the impedance of a two-dimensional slot: the calculated impedance shows the expected ?-1/2 constant-phase angle (CPA) behavior.
Abstract 1230: Impact of apheresis (Aph) on number and function of lymphocytes in cancer patients (pts).

It has been suggested that Aph, used for Sipuleucel-T, may negatively affect the OS of cancer pts by removing circulating lymphocytes and diminishing host immunity. We explored data from prior clinical trials in which pts had Aph or simple phlebotomy for evidence to support or contradict this. We examined data from cancer pts on clinical trials who had Aph (n=64) or only peripheral blood draws (n=90) as controls for immune analysis. As the 1° functional analysis, we evaluated the impact of Aph on the flu specific T-cells using ELISPOT. We also evaluated the impact on absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD4:CD8 ratio). ELISPOT was expressed as number of cells/spot (i.e. 1/10,000 would be expressed as 10,000). For all parameters, baseline (pre) values were compared to post-treatment (post) values using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. A large two-tailed p-value would indicate no significant change in values. Findings from smaller groups who underwent Aph multiple times are described. In the Aph group, the median age was 63 (range 38-82); 92% male. Comparing the pre and post values within the groups, with each pt as its own control, there was no significant difference when comparing ELISPOT, ALC, and T cells (Table). 13 pts had a 3rd Aph with ELISPOT; 7 had improved responses to flu with an even distribution around no change. 29 pts underwent >2 Aph (range 3-19, median 4), 20 with matched ALC and 20 with T cell values. There was a trend toward a slight decrease ( This analysis indicates there is no difference in the number and function of immune cells post Aph in cancer pts. This data provides evidence that Aph inflicts negligible effects on a pts immune system, rejecting the hypothesis that pts immune competence is impacted by the procedure in a meaningful way. Citation Format: James L. Gulley, Christopher R. Heery, Seth Steinberg, Jenn Marte, Ravi A. Madan, Jeffrey Schlom. Impact of apheresis (Aph) on number and function of lymphocytes in cancer patients (pts). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1230. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1230
How do public relations practitioners perceive investor relations? An exploratory study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public relations practitioners perceive investor relations itself and what the potential is in terms of public relations with empirical results.Design/methodology/approach – A web‐based survey was conducted by using systematic random sampling with a probability sample of 5,000 public relations practitioners drawn from the 2004 Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) Directory. The survey consisted of three sections, investor relations functions at organizations with a multiple‐answer format, perceptions on specific activities of investor relations with a seven‐point Likert scale, and demographic information.Findings – Practitioners conceived that counseling with top management the most important investor relations activity and that earning a reputation for honesty the most significant result the activity can create. Moreover, practitioners considered direct involvement with top management a highly effective investor relations strategy for achiev...
Oxygen consumption of the beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Abstract 1. 1.Oxygen uptakes of adults and of early and late larvae of the dermestid beetle, Dermestes maculatus , acclimated to 23°C were measured at different temperatures. 2. 2.Oxygen consumption at temperatures between 5 and 40°C increased with overall Q 10 's of 1.79, 1.81 and 1.85 for adults and early and late larvae, respectively. 3. 3.Rates of oxygen uptake were relatively high; predicted optimum rates of energy utilization between 20 and 25°C ranged from 1.48 to 2.39 cm 3 O 2 /g per hr (= 0.17–0.28 kcal/g per day).
The making of a moral panic in 19th‐century America: The boston garroting hysteria of 1865

Much of the scholarly literature on moral panics focuses on the relationship between background pressures and interest group activities. Through an analysis of an 1865 crime wave in Boston, this essay explores the eruption of a panic in 19th‐century America and identifies a third variable that contributes to the creation of moral panics. This article argues that background pressures and the efforts of claim‐makers represented important preconditions, but a third component—in this instance, a string of unusual robberies—provided the crucial element that transformed a series of isolated events into a moral panic.
Lamellar granule extrusion and stratum corneum intercellular lamellae in murine keratinocyte cultures.

Abstract Lamellar granules are specialized epidermal organelles containing stacks of membranous disks that are extruded into the intercellular spaces in the upper portion of the granular layer. The extruded disks are believed to undergo biochemical and biophysical changes to form the stratum corneum intercellular lipid sheets that constitute the epidermal permeability barrier. Little is known about this important component of epidermal differentiation, in part due to lack of a suitable in vitro model. We have demonstrated microscopically the presence of characteristic lipid membrane structures in a primary keratinocyte culture system which shows morphologic differentiation comparable to that seen in vivo. A basal cell-enriched fraction of isolated neonatal mouse keratinocytes was plated into Vitrogen-coated 30 mm Millicell (Millipore, Bedford, Massachusetts) wells, fed daily with Medium 199 containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 μg/ml each of insulin and hydrocortisone, and kept at 32°C in a 5% CO 2 /95% air atmosphere in a humidified incubator. Three days after plating, cultures were placed on living, epidermis-free mouse dermis at the air/liquid interface. At 2 wk, histologic examination showed multiple well-organized cell layers, including a distinct granular layer and a well-developed stratum corneum. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated numerous lamellar granules and extrusion of their contents into the intercellular space. After fixation with ruthenium tetroxide, stacked intercellular lamellae in the stratum corneum were seen. Both the presence of dermis and growth at the air/liquid interface were necessary to achieve complete differentiation. This system conclusively demonstrates the formation of complex epidermal lipid structures in vitro and should allow the mechanisms and regulation of their synthesis to be elucidated.
Focused and Unfocused Feedback and Self-Perception

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of “focused” versus “unfocused
DYNAMICAL THEORY OF HADRONS AND LEPTONS.

This paper is an attempt at a dynamical description of hadrons and leptons by the same wave equation, yielding different mass spectra for each. The wave equation in the six-dimensional representation of $SU(3, 1)$ leads to the following results: (i) mass spectra for spin-\textonehalf{} and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ leptons (represented by orthogonal states) are obtained in the form of doublets, (ii) the equation can accommodate all the usual $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ multiplets of hadrons in the 36 and 216 and higher-dimensional reducible representations of $SU(3, 1)$, and (iii) the internal symmetry is induced by $SU(3, 1)$ parity doubling of the states as well as the $SU(3, 1)$ non-invariance of the wave equation.
Methylphenidate and hospitalized adolescents with conduct disorder : dose effects on classroom behavior, academic performance, and impulsivity

The effects of methylphenidate on hospitalized conduct-disordered (CD) adolescents were examined by using teacher ratings of behavior, a measure of classroom learning, and a test of impulsivity. Twenty-two male adolescents with CD, 12–18 years of age, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject (crossover) design in which each adolescent received three doses of methylphenidate (10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg) and a placebo in a randomly assigned, counterbalanced order. Seven of the adolescents had a comorbid diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Significant overall medication effects were shown on teacher ratings of conduct, and on number of arithmetic questions correctly completed and time spent. Within the limitations of this study, stimulant actions may be effective for some aspects of CD in the absence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, although only for specific measures.
Primary disseminated central neurocytoma: cytological and MRI evidence of tumor spread prior to surgery

Since its description in 1982, central neurocytoma (CN) has been a relatively innocuous rare tumor of the central nervous system. Comprising of less than 0.5% of all intracranial tumors, most are reported to be slow growing, with low recurrence rates, and a favorable prognosis. Because of its rarity, its cellular biology, prognosis, and treatment strategies are difficult to ascertain. Its low-grade nature allows for continued growth before signs and symptoms of increase intracranial pressures ensue. Some authors theorize CN may derive from bipotential precursor cells of the periventricular germinal matrix, which are capable of both neuronal and glial differentiation, but maintain a low proliferative potential after birth. Several retrospective studies indicate that a MIB-1 index of greater than 2-3% will show a recurrence rate of 48-63%, respectively. Of hundreds of cases reported, the incidence of recurrence is very low, which makes aggressive forms of this tumor difficult to study. There are only 12 cases of craniospinal dissemination reported since its inception. The diagnoses of dissemination in these cases are made only after surgical intervention. We report the only case of primary disseminated CN, diagnosed on radiographic studies, and confirmed by cytology of the cerebral spinal fluid, prior to any kind of intervention. These cases may represent a subgroup of a more aggressive CN, which requires more assertive surveillance including CSF sampling and routine imaging of the neuroaxis.
A linear shock cell model for jets of arbitrary exit geometry

The shock cell structures of single supersonic non-ideally expanded jets with arbitrary exit geometry are studied. Both vortex sheets and realistic mean profiles are considered for the jet shear layer. The boundary element method is used to predict the shock spacing and screech tones in a vortex sheet model of a single jet. This formulation enables the calculations to be performed only on the vortex sheet. This permits the efficient and convenient study of complicated jet geometries. Results are given for circular, elliptic and rectangular jets and the results are compared with analysis and experiment. The agreement between the predictions and measurements is very good but depends on the assumptions made to predict the geometry of the fully expanded jet. A finite diffference technique is used to examine the effect of finite mixing layer thickness for a single jet. The finite thickness of the mixing layer is found to decrease the shock spacing by approximately 20 percent over the length of the jet potential core.
EFFECT OF SIDE‐GROOVES ON FATIGUE CRACK RETARDATION

— This paper describes results of an experimental program conducted to determine the influence of deep side-grooves on fatigue crack retardation. The results indicate that side-grooves significantly reduce the delay in fatigue crack growth caused by single peak overloads. It is suggested that the decreased retardation is due to simulation of plane strain conditions in the “thin” test sections by the stress field at the root of the side-groove.
Reassessment of late 19th century atmospheric carbon dioxide variations in the air of western Europe and the British Isles based on an unpublished analysis of contemporary air masses by G. S. Callendar

We have reassessed measurements of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide made during the 19th century by examining original data published between 1880 and 1905 and an interpretation of these data carried out during the 1930’s by C. S. Callendar, a British engineer. We have perused an unpublished notebook of Callendar which contains a detailed analysis of air masses and wind velocities attending some of these 19th century analyses. We find new evidence to support Callendar’s contention that the concentration of C0 2 in the late nineteenth century was close to 290 ppm. Of particular interest are the observations of J. A. Reiset made on the coast of France from 1871 to 1880 which we show to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of CO 2 as known from modern measurements. From Reiset’s data, we deduce that the mean annual concentration of atmospheric CO 2 circa 1880 in uncontaminated air at 5O°N latitude was 292 ppm. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1986.tb00092.x
Evidence of A and E 1 normal mode absorbances in the infrared spectrum of hemoglobin

In an FT-IR study of the secondary structure of proteins, several concentrations, cell pathlengths, resolution values, and machine parameters were investigated. During this investigation we observed that 1-cm−1 resolution spectra of hemoglobin enhanced by second derivatives revealed an additional band in the α-helix region. Krimm and co-workers predicted the existence of two absorbances in the infrared amide I region (1600-1700 cm−1) of α-helical proteins in solution that correspond to the A and E1 amide carbonyl vibrational modes. However, they observed only one band in the α-helix region at 2 cm−1 resolution.