cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term prognosis associated with J-point elevation in a large middle-aged biracial cohort: the ARIC study

Aims An association has been described between death from arrhythmia and early repolarization, an electrocardiogram pattern characterized by elevation of the QRS–ST junction (J-point). Little is known about this relationship in non-white populations. This study examines the relationship between J-point elevation (JPE) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and whether this relationship differs by race or sex. Methods and results A total of 15 141 middle-aged subjects from the prospective, population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were included in this analysis. The primary endpoint was physician-adjudicated SCD occurring from baseline (1987–1989) through December 2002, secondary endpoints were fatal and non-fatal coronary events and all-cause mortality occurring through December 2007. J-point elevation was defined as J-point amplitude ≥0.1 mV. Pre-specified subgroup analyses by sex and race were conducted. J-point elevation in any lead was present in 1866 subjects (12.3%). After adjustment for demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and laboratory variables, JPE was not significantly related to SCD in the overall sample [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.75]. However, significant interactions were present between race and JPE ( P = 0.006) and between sex and JPE ( P = 0.020). J-point elevation was significantly predictive of SCD in whites (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.28–3.21) and in females (adjusted HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.34–4.82). Conclusion Our results suggest that JPE is associated with an increased risk of SCD in whites and in females, but not in blacks or males. Further studies are needed to clarify which subgroups of individuals with JPE are at increased risk for adverse cardiac events.
Chloroplast-Targeted ERD1 Protein Declines but Its mRNA Increases during Senescence in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis ERD1 is a ClpC-like protein that sequence analysis suggests may interact with the chloroplast-localized ClpP protease to facilitate proteolysis. The mRNA encoded by the ERD1 gene has previously been shown to accumulate in response to senescence and to a variety of stresses and hormones. Here we show that the ERD1 protein, in contrast to the ERD1 mRNA, strongly declines in abundance with age, becoming undetectable in fully expanded leaves. Sequence analysis also suggests that ERD1 is chloroplast targeted, and we show in an in vitro system that the native protein is properly imported, processed, and present within the soluble fraction of the chloroplast, presumably the stroma. We show that ClpP protein, which is also present in the stroma, declines with age in parallel with ERD1. These results are consistent with the interaction of ERD1 and ClpP, but they suggest that it is unlikely that either plays a major role during senescence. Certain other chloroplast proteins decline with age coordinately with ERD1 and ClpP, suggesting that these declines are markers of an early age-mediated change that occurs within the chloroplast.
The effect of an aquatic invasive species (Eurasian watermilfoil) on lakefront property values

Abstract Invasive species are one of the major threats to ecosystems. One of these “invaders”, Eurasian watermilfoil, can crowd out important native aquatic plants, decrease habitat and diversity of native species in a lake, and interfere with water-based recreation. This study uses a hedonic property-value method to estimate the effect of Eurasian watermilfoil on lakefront property values at selected Vermont lakes. Results indicate that as the primary component of total aquatic macrophyte growth in a lake Eurasian watermilfoil significantly and substantially affects lakefront property values. As Eurasian watermilfoil infests a lake, adding to the total macrophyte growth, property values can diminish by
Temporal Analysis of Sesquiterpene Emissions from Manuka and Phoebe Oil Lures and Efficacy for Attraction of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

ABSTRACT Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood-borer that vectors the fungal agent (Raffaelea lauricola) responsible for laurel wilt. Laurel wilt has had severe impact on forest ecosystems in the southeastern United States, killing a large proportion of native Persea trees, particularly redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), and currently poses an economic threat to avocado (P. americana) in Florida. To control the spread of this lethal disease, effective attractants are needed for early detection of the vector. Two 12-wk field tests were conducted in Florida to evaluate efficacy and longevity of manuka and phoebe oil lures, and to relate captures of X. glabratus to release rates of putative sesquiterpene attractants. Two trap types were also evaluated, Lindgren funnel traps and sticky panel traps. To document lure emissions over time, a separate set of lures was aged outdoors for 12 wk and sampled periodically to quantify volatile sesquiterpenes using super-Q ...
Multi‐agency information practices in children's services: the metaphorical ‘jigsaw’ and professionals quest for a ‘full’ picture

As there are a number of high-profile public inquiries into child death tragedies, ‘information sharing’ has now become a moral and political imperative across England and Wales for improving the welfare and protection of children. This paper discusses multi-agency information practices, at the stage of referral, which were observed and documented in the day-to-day practice of child protection work. Drawing on transcribed, professional narrative accounts, a ‘jigsaw’ metaphor is used to describe the process of piecing information together to ascertain a ‘full’ picture of children and families lives. However, these accounts highlight that there is something of a mismatch between the jigsaw, as articulated in the conceptual abstract accounts, and jigsaw practices operating on the ground. It is argued that abstracting professional information practices from situated contexts creates impoverished understandings of these practices. Thus, reported findings in this paper highlight the inherent complexities of jigsaw practices in the ‘everyday’ of child protection work, which challenges objectivist assumptions about a stability of meaning, and further highlight that the ‘endpoint’ of reaching a ‘full’ picture of a child’s life is not fixed, nor does it have the same meaning for all professionals, but rather it is a complex process involving sense-making, translation in context and organizational relevance.
Reducing focused ion beam damage to transmission electron microscopy samples

One of the most important applications of focused ion beam (FIB) systems is sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the use of the FIB inherently involves changing and damaging the sample, and thereby degrades the TEM resolution. This paper addresses the beam-induced damage and artifacts, particularly in applications involving silicon semiconductors. The damage appears in the form of amorphization on the surface of the TEM foil. The characteristics of this amorphous damage were studied by making TEM observations of cross sections of the affected foil. The damage is typically 20 to 30 nm thick for a 30 keV FIB, which is generally overly thick for modern silicon devices with feature sizes less than 250 nm. This paper reviews the reported damage depths of FIB-prepared samples, which are determined by experiments and calculations. Several damage reduction techniques, such as the use of gas-assisted etching, low energy FIB, cleaning the FIB-fabricated cross section by wet or dry etching and cleaning by broad ion beam (BIB) milling have also been reviewed, with emphasis on applicability to silicon devices. We conclude that the use of low energy FIB and cleaning by argon BIB are particularly efficient techniques.
Endophthalmitis outbreaks following cataract surgery: Causative organisms, etiologies, and visual acuity outcomes

A systematic review of 27 reports of endophthalmitis outbreaks following cataract surgery between 1985 and 2011 found the 2 most common causes associated with the outbreaks were contaminated solutions, 10 reports (37%), and contaminated phacoemulsification machines, 6 reports (22.2%). Other possible sources of contamination included ventilation systems, 3 (11.1%); defective sterilization, 3 (11.1%); miscellaneous, 3 (11.1%); in 5 outbreaks (18.5%), no possible source could be identified. Bacteria occurred in 23 outbreaks (85.2%) and fungus in 4 (14.8%). Causative organisms were gram-negative bacteria, 15 (65.2%); gram-positive bacteria, 5 (21.7%); and both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, 3 (13.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was causative in 14 of 27 (51.8%) gram-negative bacteria. After treatment in 229 patients, a visual acuity outcome of 20/400 or better was achieved in 127 patients (55.5%). Outbreaks of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery are often caused by gram-negative organisms and can be associated with poor visual outcomes. In this review, the most common source was irrigation solutions used perioperatively. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Functional imaging of hemodynamic stimulus response in the rat retina with ultrahigh-speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT

Measuring retinal hemodynamics in response to flicker stimulus is important for investigating pathophysiology in small animal models of diabetic retinopathy, because a reduction in the hyperemic response is thought to be one of the earliest changes in diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we investigated functional imaging of retinal hemodynamics in response to flicker stimulus in the rat retina using an ultrahigh speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT system at 840nm with an axial scan rate of 244kHz. At 244kHz the nominal axial velocity range that could be measured without phase wrapping was +/-37.7mm/s. Pulsatile total retinal arterial blood flow as a function of time was measured using an en face Doppler approach where a 200µm × 200µm area centered at the central retinal artery was repeatedly raster scanned at a volume acquisition rate of 55Hz. Three-dimensional capillary imaging was performed using speckle decorrelation which has minimal angle dependency compared to other angiography techniques based on OCT phase information. During OCT imaging, a flicker stimulus could be applied to the retina synchr onous ly by inserting a dichroic mirror in the imaging interface. An acute transient increase in total retinal blood flow could be detected. At the capillary level, an increase in the degree of speckle decorrelation in capillary OCT angiography images could also be observed, which indicates an increase in the velocity of blood at the capillary level. This method promises to be useful for the investigation of small animal models of ocular diseases. .H\ZRUGV Optical coherence tomography, neurovascular coupling, hemodynamics, flicker stimulus, Doppler, blood flow, capillary, angiography
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma in the Thigh: Case Report

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma occurs in less than 10% of all liposarcoma and is found most often in the retroperitoneum and extremities. Histologically, the tumor was composed of well-defferentiated liposarcomastous areas with malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like area, peculiar neurallike whirling pattern associated and focal metaplastic bone formation. The rare radiologic feature of this have not been sufficiently described in the previous literature, and we now report a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the thigh.
A Genetic Basis of Serial Entrepreneurship

For a full paper see:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2141598Entrepreneurs are crucial to the creation and development of every industry. Amongst entrepreneurs, often the most successful and most innovative are the so-called “serial entrepreneurs,” individuals who have started multiple businesses across their careers. Research from the social sciences has variously attributed the success of these individuals to risk-taking, aggression, and sociability. Here, we instead use genetic analysis to study individual differences in serial entrepreneurship. In a sample of successful executives recruited from a Harvard Business School executive education program, we examine the frequencies of three genotypes previously associated with risk-taking, aggression and social gregariousness, respectively: the 7-repeat genotype of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), the low-activity Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, and the long-repeat genotype of the RS3 microsatellite in the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor promoter region (AVPR1a). We find that serial entrepreneurs are more than twice as likely to have the long AVPR1a RS3 repeat genotype compared to non-serial entrepreneurs, while finding no significant association between serial entrepreneurship and either DRD4 or MAOA genotypes. The genetic associations (and lack thereof) demonstrated here suggest that serial entrepreneurs are distinguished more by their sociability than their aggression or risk-taking. These results are the first to demonstrate a genetic basis of serial entrepreneurship, representing a new approach for understanding this class of entrepreneurs and the driving force behind their innovations.
Privatization and Democratization - Reflections on the Power of Eminent Domain

This essay reflects on the continuing controversy over the use of eminent domain by local governments to foster economic development and Professor Carol Rose’s caution that privatization by itself does not guarantee success in democratic endeavors. The author examines the human element of eminent domain by discussing his experience as a member of a panel sponsored by a citizen’s advocacy group in St. Louis where he presented an analysis of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Kelo v. City of New London, Connecticut. This essay concludes that Kelo served a useful purpose, reminding people that the appropriate decision maker concerning the use of eminent domain by local governments is the state legislature. Further, the article suggests that rather than an absolute prohibition of eminent domain in the economic development context, state legislatures can and should place prudent limits on its use.
A Heuristic Aid for the Design of Sewer Networks

A simple search method for seeking improved layouts in gravity-flow sewage collection networks is presented. The method begins with a designer-selected layout, and attempts to find layouts with smaller total costs. A digital computer program is used to obtain the results.
Incorporating the Doctrine of Reasonable Expectations in Article 2

This article is part of a symposium on revising Article 2. It argues that the problem of the contract of adhesion can be solved by paying greater attention to the doctrine of reasonable expectations. Although many scholars consider this to be a new doctrine, brought into contract law through insurance law, in fact the doctrine permeates the existing Article 2. Thus, express incorporation of the doctrine would not radically alter Article 2, but would be consistent with existing Code methodology.
Extracting Information from a Supercell Calculation

A number of corrections must be made to a first-principles defect supercell calculation if the results are to be of use in calculating properties of isolated defects. These are illustrated for a tetrahedral self-interstitial in silicon, which places two electrons in the conduction band. One correction arises from the familiar Coulomb enhancement of the gap relative to local-density-approximation (LDA) calculations. The second is for the capture of these electrons in a double donor state. The third arises from the extra kinetic energy of the electrons due to their partial filling of the conduction band for a finite-sized supercell. The fourth is the partial occupation of the defect resonance, lowering the kinetic energy but increasing the Coulomb energy. A model is introduced which allows estimates of each of these corrections, with parameters which can be tuned to LDA supercell calculations. It allows then prediction of a wide range of properties dependent upon the defect in question.
Study on the early postoperative enteral nutrition in patients with esophageal cancer

Objective:To study the effect of early postoperative enteral nutrition on patients with esophageal cancer. Methods:Early postopertive enteral nutrition of 278 patients from May 2004 to July 2008 in our hospital were clinically observed. Results:No death or serious complication occurred in all the patients. During the period of the study,the hepatorenal functions were not obviously damaged. Conclusion:Early postoperative enteral nutrition for esophageal cancer not only improves nutritional status and recovers gastrointestinal function,but also ameliorates immunocyte function,reduces the complication and improves the success rate of the operations.
Neonatal Cow's Milk Protein Allergy with Sepsis Like Initial Symptom

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment in neonatal cow's milk protein allergy(CMPA)with sepsis like initial symptom. Methods CMPA patients with the sepsis like initial symptom(n=10) were selected in ourhospital from July 2009 to December 2013. History data, clinical manifestation, laboratory results and the treatment outcomeof them were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among these 10 cases, 6 have family history of allergy. Main clinical mani-festations include skin, gastrointestinal symptoms and 1 case of anaphylactic shock. IgE mediated 6 cases with acidophiliccells count of(1.40±0.17)×109/L(5%); The rest 4 cases were not mediated by IgE, with acidophilic cells count of(0.71±0.08)×109/L(0.02-0.03). Blood cultures were all negative; Blood leukocyte count is(24.5±3.3)×109/L; Rod nucleus granulo-cyte/neutrophils count is(0.161±0.035) ×109/L; The platelet count is(655±39)×109/L; Blood interleukin(IL)-6 is 0.31-0.93μg/L; C reactive protein(CRP) is 85-144 mg/L. All 10 cases were withextensively hydrolyzed formular or amino acidformu-lar feeding. Then their clinical symptoms improved or disappeared significantly and the inflammatory indexes returned to nor-mal. Conclusion It is necessary to make the differential diagnosis between sepsis and neonatal CMPA,which is accompa-nied by increased platelet and acidophil. The most effective treatment of neonatal CMPA is hypoallergenicformular replace-menttherapy.
"How can you live without your kids?": Distancing from and embracing the stigma of “incarcerated mother"

This article examines how incarcerated mothers constructed moral identities in the face of stigma. Analyzing data from participant observation and 83 in-depth interviews with incarcerated mothers, we show that mothers claimed moral identities by distancing from the stigma of incarceration and/or embracing the identity of incarcerated mothers. Utilizing these strategies, women challenged the stigma of convicted felon/bad mother and reinforced the assumptions that motherhood is compulsory and should be reserved for women with enough money and standing to give their children advantages. The implications for understanding motherhood as a mechanism of moral identity and social control are discussed.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND Evidence has indicated that peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists could be used in the prevention and treatment of murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, to our knowledge, just one previous study has focused on the association between PPAR-γ polymorphisms and SLE in humans. AIM To investigate the association between PPAR-γ polymorphisms and SLE in a Chinese population and on additional gene-gene interaction between multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PPAR-γ. METHODS Three SNPs of PPAR-γ were selected for genotyping in this case-control study: rs1805192, rs10865710 and rs709158. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the three SNPs and SLE, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to investigate additional interaction. RESULTS All genotypes were distributed according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between genotypes of rs1805192 variants and decreased SLE risk, after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, high-fat diet, low-fibre diet, alcohol status, body mass index and waist circumference. Participants with Ala allesles had a lower SLE risk than those homozygous for the wild-type allele (OR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.69-0.92). GMDR analysis indicated that there was a significant two-locus model (P = 0.001) involving rs1805192 and rs10865710, indicating a potential gene-gene interaction between them. Overall, the two-locus models had a cross-validation consistency of 10 out of 10 and a testing accuracy of 60.72%. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between PPAR-γ rs1805192 genotypes and decreased SLE risk, and a potential gene-gene interaction between rs1805192 and rs10865710.
A rare case of Sister Mary Joseph nodule as the only sign of unknown primary malignancy

Sister Mary Joseph nodule or Sister Mary Joseph Sign refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen. We report a rare case of umbilical mass as the only presenting sign in an old age woman confirmed by CT scan and true cut biopsy to be malignancy. The primary tumor for the umbilical mass or Sister Mary Joseph nodule was not found in this case, although possibility of gynaecological tumor is very high.
Adapting to Reality: the Far East and Cold War Strategy, 1950–54

In June 1950, after two years of the Far Eastern tail wagging the strategic dog, the Chiefs of Staff produced a new strategic white paper that not only recognized the new form of struggle known as ‘cold war’, it also accorded preparations to counter it as part and parcel of preparations for hot war. Issued 18 days before North Korea’s invasion of its south- ern neighbor, ‘Defence Policy and Global Strategy’ called for a greater emphasis on Asia and reconfiguration and expansion of the Regular Army for Cold War operations. The new strategy also entailed the development of a unified front of colonial and independent Asian countries — supported by Britain and the United States — to contain Chinese Communism. Thus the strategic framework for the British government’s response to aggression in the Far East was in place before the Korean War even started.
Heuristic Search in Digital System Diagnosis

In this paper heuristic algorithms are devised for locating faults in sequential circuits. The concepts of location trees and generalized homing trees (GHTs) are introduced. Heuristic rules are employed in the algorithms for node pruning. Results are also derived for the upper- and lower-bounds on the lengths of test sequences.
Flexible 2D nanoelectronics from baseband to sub-THz transistors and circuits

In this work, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art flexible two dimensional radio frequency transistors based on graphene, MoS2 and black phosphorus for nanoelectronics applications from baseband to sub THz, with outstanding electrical performance obtained fulfilling the requirements of both high speed operation and low power consumptions. Flexible RF transistors based on graphene with intrinsic cutoff frequency fT) reaching 100GHz enable sub-THz flexible nano systems. Large scale CVD grown MoS2 based flexible RF transistor was realized for the first time with record intrinsic fT ∼ 5.6GHz which can afford low power RF nano systems. In addition, black phosphorus based flexible transistors and circuits have been realized with outstanding electrical performance in both DC and high frequency applications while retaining mechanical robustness.
Embedded Nano-Electro-Mechanical Memory for Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Logic

A compact, reconfigurable look-up table (LUT) implemented with an array of nano-electro-mechanical memory cells formed using CMOS back-end-of-line metal layers is proposed. The advantages of this LUT architecture over resistive memory- and CMOS-based implementations include faster and more energy-efficient operation. Pre-programmed answers can be read out within 1 ns, consuming less than 10 fJ.
E-Fears, E-Risks and Citizen-Intelligence: Surveillance Impacts on Research and Confidentiality

This research note links the covert and overt chilling effects of cyber-surveillance on activist campaigns and on the social research of social movement actors in campaigns of resistance. Based on fieldwork in Aotearoa New Zealand during campaigns of resistance against offshore and onshore oil and gas proposals, this note explores how surveillance fears impact the public gatherings and information-sharing of citizen-activists and how the researcher may fail to ensure participant confidence and confidentiality, thereby becoming the researched and documented as well. The actions and commitments of both parties, the citizen-activist and the researcher of grassroots and social movements, may be strengthened or impeded by the degree of expected, though rarely verified, political and economic surveillance.
ESRD in Living Donors Before 1987: Obtaining Waitlist Priority.

Since 1996, living kidney donors who later developed ESRD have been eligible to receive priority status on the UNOS/OPTN kidney transplant waitlist. In 2015, Potluri et al showed that this system is generally effective: living donors receiving priority points were transplanted faster than controls.1 Others have noted limited data on living donor ESRD trajectory and treatment access, due to the lack of a system to follow living donor outcomes long-term.2-3 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract 302: Negative Effects of Fludrocortisone Treatment in Adolescents with POTS and Syncope

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is commonly used to treat symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We have previously shown that Florinef treatment in children with POTS improved the changes in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) measured as the root of mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) during upright tilt compared to untreated children with POTS. We noticed that a subgroup of our patients experienced POTS symptoms followed by syncope at later time points during the 45 min tilt test in both Florinef treated and untreated groups. We stratified based on syncope and compared the effect of Florinef treatment on both groups. Of the 32 POTS patients studied (15.0 ± 0.6 yrs old), 14 were treated with Florinef of whom 5 had syncope, and 18 were untreated of whom 5 had syncope. In the non-syncopal group, subjects treated with Florinef for a minimum of 4 wks compared with untreated POTS without syncope had similar baseline supine measures of MAP, HR, BRS and HRV before tilt, and less reduction in BRS during tilt measured as Seq UP (-7.1 ± 2.5 vs -15.1 ± 3.5 ms/mmHg; p
Managing for variability: A neuroscientific approach for developing strategic agility in organizations

The neuroscientific literature reveals that the brain changes over time, and the type of change (plasticity) that results is not random. While the brain exhibits certain evolutionary prejudices, individual plasticity and the kind of thinking enabled can be shaped by, and can shape, organizational priorities and operations. Organizational focus on structure and procedural efficiency is shown to foster fixed thinking, while cultivation of “practiced varying” skills encourages thinking agility. Agile thinking is shown to be essential for the development of organizational plasticity, the foundation for organizational agility. Finally, suggestions for incorporating variability in the workplace are offered.
Games in Support Function Form: An Approach to the Kernel of NTU Games

In this paper, we extend the kernel for transferable utility (TU) games to the nontransferable utility (NTU) case using methods of convex analysis. The kernel for TU games was introduced by Davis and Maschler [9] and its mathematical structure was further developed by Maschler and Peleg [15], [16]. The kernel is a subset of the bargaining set (Aumann and Maschler, Peleg, and Shapley [17], [18].
A penalized approach to mixed model selection via cross-validation

Mixed models play an important role for describing data in various fields, and accordingly selecting the most appropriate mixed model is an appealing topic in model selection literature. To achieve...
Improved eco-friendly barrier materials based on crystalline nanocellulose/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte complexes

Abstract Sustainable, cost-effective and ecologically compatible materials derived from renewable natural resources have attracted a tremendous level of attention as replacements for a broad array of volume commercial materials based on petroleum-derived compounds. In the present study, we demonstrate ternary polysaccharide polyelectrolyte complex (PPC) materials consisting of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produced via an immediate high-shear homogenization process. Ionically cross-linked CS and CMC behaved as the continuous matrix and CNC was incorporated as a nanoreinforcement. The developed PPC materials exhibited homogeneous, compact morphological features and enhanced mechanical and barrier properties, ascribed to the even distribution and good interfacial compatibility of CNC within the CS/CMC matrix. PPC films with 10 wt% CNC content showed tensile strength and Young's modulus of 60.6 MPa and 4.7 GPa, respectively, and water vapor transportation rate of 7982 g μm m−2 d−1. In addition, PPC composites containing
AXIAL DISPERSION IN COILED TUBULAR REACTORS The Effect of Curvature at Low Dean Numbers

Abstract Deforming tubing (e.g., coiling) reduces axial dispersion in flow-injection systems and post-column reactors. An improvement is presented for a previous theoretical treatment of axial dispersion in coiled tubes. New experimental data are also presented for different coil radii. Changes were necessary because smaller-than-predicted dispersion improvements were observed. This contradicts earlier treatments that predict a linear dependence on the aspect ratio of the coil. Evidence is presented that this is explained by assuming a boundary layer thickness much smaller than the radius of the tube and proportional to the ratio of radial velocities. This is a special case of earlier theory and it predicts an almost curvature-independent change in dispersion. The inclusion of the critical Reynolds number, Re c , to form a reduced parameter, ( Re/Re c ), accounts for all observations, including some previously-defined empirical constants. The dispersion is found to increase as ( Re/Re c ) 2/3 Sc at low fluid velocities and to decrease as ( Re 1/6 c /( Re/Re c ) 4/3 Sc 0.08 ) at higher velocities. Experiments are reported for several coil radii and with a range of proteins and protein mixtures.
Joint Enterprises in India

Having covered India’s mixed and composite enterprises in the previous chapters, the last step is to describe mixtures in which foreign private capital participates with domestic private capital. However, initially it is advisable to explore the broad background of India’s investment position to make more meaningful the Indian developments. For this reason, there will be included a broad examination of India’s foreign investment position based on the distinguished Reserve Bank studies. This will be followed by general materials on joint investment drawn from an American consulate survey in India. The last section will give details on several American enterprises of a joint character. It must again be stressed that interest in joint corporations flows not so much from the unique character of this type of partnership (though such might well be grounds for interest) as from the fact that joint enterprise approaches mixed enterprise when large concerns are involved. In an underdeveloped country such as India, the government may be regarded as the largest and most important source of capital.
The metabolic requirements of functional activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study.

In the resting state it is well established that the energy demands of the mammalian brain are met by the oxidation of glucose (Siesjo, 1978). Changes in the functional activity of the brain (e.g., motor activity, speech, vision, audition, somesthesis) are accompanied by increases in local blood flow and glucose utilization (for a review of this extensive literature see Raichle, 1987). It had been generally assumed that the energy demands accompanying these phasic changes in neural activity were also supported by glucose oxidation supporting the large energy expenditures required to maintain membrane ionic gradients. The increase in local blood flow had been considered a response to oxygen depletion and metabolite excess in the form of carbon dioxide.
Parafoveal processing of inflectional morphology in Russian: A within-word boundary-change paradigm

Abstract The present study examined whether the inflectional morphology on Russian nouns is processed parafoveally in words longer than five characters while the eyes are fixated on the word. A modified boundary-change paradigm was used to examine parafoveal processing of nominal case markings within a currently fixated word n. The results elicited identical preview benefit for both first and second-pass measures on the post boundary and whole word regions. The morphologically related preview benefit (vs. nonword) was observed for first and second-pass measures as early as pre-boundary, post-boundary, and whole word regions. Additionally the morphologically related preview elicited cost (vs. identical) for first-pass measures on the post-boundary region, total time for the whole word, and regressions into the pre-boundary region. The contribution of the study is two-fold. First, this is the first study to use within-word boundary changes to study the parafoveal processing of inflectional morphology in Russian. Second, we provide additional evidence that inflectional morphology can be integrated parafoveally while reading a language with linear concatenative morphology.
Graded Rings of Theta Functions

We shall collect several lemmas on graded rings, some of which will become necessary only in later chapters. If S is a commutative ring (with the identity) containing a sequence of additive subgroups S0, S1, … such that S is their direct sum and Sp Sq ⊂ Sp+q for every p, q, we say that S is a graded ring over S0; we observe that S0 is a subring of S and Sk an S0-module. If M is an S-module containing a sequence of additive subgroups M0, M1, … such that M is their direct sum and Sp Mq ⊂ Mp+q for every p, q, we say that M is a graded S-module with Mk as its homogeneous component of degree k. An element of Mk is called a homogeneous element of M of degree k; every element x of M can be written uniquely as x0 + x1 + … with xk in Mk, in which xk=0 for almost all k; we call xk the homogeneous part of x of degree k. A graded S-module N contained in M is called a graded submodule if it is a submodule and Nk = N ∩ Mk for k = 0, 1, …. We observe that S itself is a graded S-module. If K isa commutative ring and K [x] = K [x1, …, xn] is the ring of polynomials in n letters x1, …, xn with coefficients in K, K[x] can be considered as a graded ring over K with K[x]1= K x1 + … + K xn; a graded submodule of K[x] is called a homogeneous ideal of K [x]. A graded ring R contained in S is called a graded subring if it is a subring and a graded submodule. For any positive integer d, we shall denote by S(d) the subring of S generated by Skd; S(d) is the direct sum of S0, Sd, … and Spd Sqd ⊂ S(p + q)d for every p, q. Therefore S(d) can be considered as a graded ring over S0 with Skd as its homogeneous component of degree k.
pO2-weighted imaging in vivo by delayed fluorescence of intracellular protoporphyrin IX: publisher's note.

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.45, 284 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.45.000284.
Политические предпочтения богатейших американцев: коллекция материалов (Political Preferences of the Wealthiest Americans: Selected Materials)

Russian Abstract: Собранный в записке легко проверяемый материал ставит под большое сомнение представления о том, что богатые (тем более богатейшие – занимающие первые 50 позиций в списке Forbes американских миллиардеров) граждане склонны использовать свои финансовые ресурсы с тем, чтобы улучшить условия для бизнеса (крупного бизнеса) «за счет» остального общества. Мы также пытаемся предложить некоторые объяснения «странному» факту поддержки значительным числом предпринимателей (не меньшим чем число отдаленно соответствующих стереотипу) откровенно антикапиталистических идей и политиков. English Abstract: Conventional wisdom holds that the richest people use to take advantage of their financial resources to promote best interests of the business (big business). The materials collected for the present notes (one could easily to check) disprove the conventional wisdom. We tried to collect some explanations why so many billionaires (50 the richest from Forbes list of 400 American billionaires) promote anticapitalistic ideas and support leftist politicians.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Complaints and Emergency Department Attendances During COVID-19 Pandemic

In December of 2019, an emergence of a new type of pneumonia resulted in a pandemic. To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), governments worldwide introduced a multitude of restrictions and preventative measures, including national lockdowns. Previous studies reported the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of the disease. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of changes in the number and nature of the accidents and emergency department attendances during the early phase of COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.
Reactive Species and Reaction Pathways for the Oxidative Cleavage of 4-Octene and Oleic Acid with H2O2 over Tungsten Oxide Catalysts

Oxidative cleavage of carbon–carbon double bonds (C═C) in alkenes and fatty acids produces aldehydes and acids valued as chemical intermediates. Solid tungsten oxide catalysts are low cost, nontoxi...
When good mitochondria go bad: Cyto-nuclear discordance in landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)

Abstract Mitochondrial sequences were among the first molecular data collected for phylogenetic studies and they are plentiful in DNA sequence archives. However, the future value of mitogenomic data in phylogenetics is uncertain, because its phylogenetic signal sometimes conflicts with that of the nuclear genome. A thorough understanding of the causes and prevalence of cyto-nuclear discordance would aid in reconciling different results owing to sequence data type, and provide a framework for interpreting megaphylogenies when taxa which lack substantial nuclear data are placed using mitochondrial data. Here, we examine the prevalence and possible causes of cyto-nuclear discordance in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes), leveraging 47 new mitogenomes assembled from off-target reads recovered as part of a target-capture study. We evaluated two hypotheses, that cyto-nuclear discordance is “genuine” and a result of biological processes such as incomplete lineage sorting or introgression, and that cyto-nuclear discordance is an artifact of inaccurate mitochondrial tree estimation (the “inaccurate estimation” hypothesis). We identified seven well-supported topological differences between the mitogenomic tree and trees based on nuclear data. These well-supported topological differences were robust to model selection. An examination of sites suggests these differences were driven by small number of sites, particularly from third-codon positions, suggesting that they were not confounded by convergent directional selection. Hence, the hypothesis of genuine discordance was supported.
Narrative and Numerical: Bridging the Gap Between Quantitative & Qualitative Data through User-Centered Data System Design

In this study, which is a small part of a larger research project, I examine the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), one of the FBI's primary methods for collecting national crime data from local and state law enforcement. NIBRS is touted as an upgrade from the previous system in that it collects data with more context in order to provide a fuller picture of crime in the United States for stakeholders such as law enforcement, policy makers, academics, journalists, and the public. Using critical data studies frameworks and narrative methods, I unblackbox the data system to understand its construction and rhetorical grounding.
New Measured Weight for One Cup Raw Kale Reduces Nutrient Intake of Individuals Following the Wahls™ Diet☆

Kale is a nutrient-dense, dark-green leafy vegetable often eaten raw in salads or added to smoothies. The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 26 reports the weight for one cup raw, chopped kale as 67 grams, among the highest for raw leafy vegetables. Objectives: Measure the weight of one cup moderately packed raw kale with stems and tough midrib parts removed and evaluate the impact of the new cup weight on nutrient intake of individuals consumingraw kale. Methods: Six staff members measured curly and lacinato kale using standard procedures and 14 study participantsconsuming 4-6 cups raw leafy vegetables/day measured one cup curly kale in their usual manner. Twenty-seven dietary recalls obtained from participants following the Wahls™ diet were entered intothe Nutrition Data System for Research and then recalculated using staff-measured curly kale cup weight. Results: Mean(SE) staff cup weight for lacinato kale was significantly higher than curly kale [21.3(1.4)g vs 16.0(1.4)g; p<0.0001]. Percent refuse was also higher for lacinato kale [mean(SD) 42.0(11.4)% vs 28.5(3.9)%; p=0.012]. Mean(SD) weight of moderately packed participant-measured cups [17.5(6.4)g]was similar to staff cup weightbutfirmly packed participant cupsweighed more [46.4(4.1)g]. Intake of vitamins K, C, A, manganese, copper, and folatewere significantly lower for diets calculated with the staff cup weight (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The new measured cup weight of raw kale is lower than previously reportedand reduces nutrient levels in diets containing raw kale. Verification of cup weights for other raw leafy vegetables may be warranted.
Comorbidity and Underlying Medical Disease

Because the number of adults over the age of 65 in the USA will double in the coming years, the proportion of geriatric patients who seek urologic care will continue to grow. In addition to age-related changes to the lower urinary tract, more than half of older adults have more than one comorbid medical condition. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurologic diseases are the most common medical conditions which are also frequently associated with urological conditions. Careful consideration of comorbidity, in addition to other factors such as polypharmacy, cognition, and functional status, helps to reduce the potential for adverse events related to surgical interventions and pharmacologic therapies. Coordination of care within the context of a multidisciplinary team for certain patients with urologic symptoms may provide additional benefit. This chapter will explore how comorbid disease impacts the care of older adults with urologic conditions and will provide practical considerations for maximizing symptom relief while reducing the potential for adverse events.
Model-Driven Autoscaling for Hadoop Clusters

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a model-driven auto scaling solution for Hadoop clusters. We first develop novel performance models for Hadoop workloads that relate job completion times to various workload and system parameters such as input size and resource allocation. We then employ statistical techniques to tune the models for specific workloads, including Terasort and K-means. Finally, we employ the tuned models to determine the resources required to successfully complete the Hadoop jobs as per the user-specified response time SLA. We implement our solution on an Open Stack-based cloud cluster running Hadoop. Our experimental results across different workloads demonstrate the auto scaling capabilities of our solution, and enable significant resource savings without compromising performance.
Allergenicity of Euroglyphus maynei and its cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides species

Abstract Background : The house dust mite, Euroglyphus maynei (EM), is common in homes in England, Europe the southern United States, and other parts of the world. It is often present in densities greater than 100 mites per gram of dust. EM usually occurs with Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) and D. pteronyssinus (DP) and it is frequently more abundant than Dermatophagoides species. Therefore the allergenicity of EM and the cross-reactivity between EM and Dermatophagoides species are important considerations for diagnosis of mite-induced allergy and the use of appropriate immunotherapy. Methods : Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that EM was the source of at least 33 antigens. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophorests with 32 different sera from patients with RAST results that were positive to EM and skin test results that were positive to both DF and DP identified 15 allergens. Individual sera recognized two to eight EM antigens as allergens. Results : Ninety-one percent of the patients showed serum IgE directed at three or more allergens. Eighty-four percent of the patients had moderate or strong levels of IgE directed at antigen no. 33. All 15 allergens showed moderate or strong IgE binding by one or more sera. EM shared four and six cross-reacting allergens with DF and DP, respectively. Therefore 11 and 9 allergens of EM were species-specific and not shared by DF and DP, respectively. Conclusions : The results of this study clearly indicate that sensitivity to EM should be considered in geographic areas where this mite is abundant in homes.
Logical and computational aspects of programming with sets/bags/lists

We study issues that arise in programming with primitive recursion over non-free datatypes such as lists, bags and sets. Programs written in this style can lack a meaning in the sense that their outputs may be sensitive to the choice of input expression. We are, thus, naturally lead to a set-theoretic denotational semantics with partial functions. We set up a logic for reasoning about the definedness of terms and a deterministic and terminating evaluator. The logic is shown to be sound in the model, and its recursion free fragment is shown to be complete for proving definedness of recursion free programs. The logic is then shown to be as strong as the evaluator, and this implies that the evaluator is compatible with the provable equivalence between different set (or bag, or list) expression . Oftentimes,the same non-free datatype may have different presentations, and it is not clear a priori whether programming and reasoning with the two presentations are equivalent. We formulate these questions, precisely, in the context of alternative presentations of the list, bag, and set datatypes and study some aspects of these questions. In particular, we establish back-and-forth translations between the two presentations, from which it follows that they are equally expressive, and prove results relating proofs of program properties, in the two presentations.
New Metal-Chalcogen Compounds with Polymeric Structures

Several new metal-(poly)chalcogenide compounds with extended structures are reported. The synthetic techniques used include classical solution chemistry in organic solvents, molten salt techniques using alkali metal polychalcogenides as fluxes at 200–400 °C and hydrothermal methods. Several new network structures with transition and main group metals and Sex 2- are reported.