cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cat Heart Muscle In Vitro : IV. Inhibition of transport in quiescent muscles

Cellular concentrations, [K](i), [Na](i), and [Cl](i), and cell water contents were measured in vitro at 27 degrees C in cat papillary muscles. Measurements were made with and without ouabain at varying concentrations of K and ouabain, at pH 5.2 and 9.0, in absence of O(2), and in NaCl-free solution. Large losses of cell K and increases of cell Na occurred in presence of ouabain, at 2-3 degrees C, and in K-free medium. The dependence of inhibition of cation transport by ouabain on external K concentration, studied at constant initial [K](i), was consistent with a competition between K and ouabain localized to the external face of the membrane. In NaCl-free sucrose solution [K](i) remained at its physiological value and was not affected by exposure to ouabain or low temperature, except when Ca was also omitted. Ouabain inhibition persisted at pH 9.0 and in Ca-poor media. Cells swelled and lost K at pH 5.2, and residual ouabain effect was small. At pH 9.0, or in absence of O(2), or in Ca-poor solutions cells became permeable to mannitol. The ion movements observed after inhibition of active transport are compatible either with a passive K distribution and a primary inhibition of Na extrusion or with inhibition of a coupled active transport of both K and Na.
Influence of intersite modes on the exchange interaction in electron transfer at large distances

We consider the dependence of the exchange interaction in electron transfer processes on the intersite vibrational modes. We assume, in particular, that high-frequency intramolecular modes of proteins may play this role in biological processes. We compare our model with that for tunneling through a time dependent barrier and with other works which considered the dependence of the exchange interaction on the nuclear coordinates.
Young Adult Literature and Professional Development

As the body of high quality young adult literature (YAL) continues to grow, what role might these texts play in professional development for educators? This article describes ways in which schools can develop book study programs that use this literature to promote meaningful dialogue and understanding of contemporary adolescent issues. Based on their own work in this area, the authors have chosen to focus on the use of YAL that features realistic narratives of contemporary adolescent concerns to enhance professionals' understanding of 3 adolescent concerns: body image and eating disorders, relational aggression, and sexual identity.
Information technology and data management issues for health monitoring of the Commodore Barry Bridge

Information technology issues for the continuous health monitoring of the Commodore Barry Bridge will be presented in two parts in this paper. The first part describes data acquisition design and the second part discusses issues related to a proposed database. Currently, the health monitor consists of more than one hundred channels of information. These channels are made up of slow speed strain gages (measuring intrinsic strains due to environmental effects, temperature changes and wind loads), high-speed strain gages (measuring strains and accelerations related to traffic effects) and one camera (recording images of the traffic pattern at the bridge). These gages are hard-wired to a central data acquisition station in which three slow speed data acquisition systems, one high-speed data acquisition system and a data acquisition computer are located. All data acquisition systems are integrated under the LabVIEW platform. It was necessary to utilize various appropriate sampling frequencies for each system due to the differing nature of the phenomena being measured by each system. The data is post- processed subsequent to acquisition and finally the data is stored and archived. Post-processing algorithms are implemented to eliminate any noise component from the data, complete any necessary signal re-sampling, and to synchronize the collection times of the different data collection systems. Once the data is transferred and archived data analysis can begin. The creation of a database for storage of all pertinent information is envisioned as a future add-on to this project. Two possible versions of the database system are currently being investigated. In the end, the database would allow users to retrieve information according to customized query criteria. It would also allow users to navigate raw data, preview data graphs, extract specified information (such as analytical data, reports, images, video clips and CBB CAD models), save the retrieved data to a local computer hard-disk and modify information for authorized users. One of the system designs being investigated would not be Internet based and thus would provide local users efficient means of access. In this design, the database would perform complex computational work without coming into contact with Internet traffic. The second proposed system design would provide flexible and robust access through the Internet. This system would allow the retrieval of information from the database through a conventional Browser. This database design would provide fast service and the rich display capabilities of highly dynamic web pages and would allow multimedia capabilities.
Inhibition of growth of experimental prostate cancer with sustained delivery systems (microcapsules and microgranules) of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75

Abstract Inhibitory effects of the sustained delivery systems (microcapsules and microgranules) of a potent antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone N-Ac-[3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine1, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanine2, 3-(3-pyridyl)-D-alanine3, D-citrulline6, D-alanine10]LH-RH (SB-75) on the growth of experimental prostate cancers were investigated. In the first experiment, three doses of a microcapsule preparation releasing 23.8, 47.6, and 71.4 micrograms of antagonist SB-75 per day were compared with microcapsules of agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH liberating 25 micrograms/day in rats bearing Dunning R3327H transplantable prostate carcinoma. During 8 weeks of treatment, tumor growth was decreased by [D-Trp6]LH-RH and all three doses of SB-75 as compared to untreated controls. The highest dose of SB-75 (71.4 micrograms/day) caused a greater inhibition of prostate cancer growth than [D-Trp6]LH-RH as based on measurement of tumor volume and percentage change in tumor volume. Doses of 23.8 and 47.6 micrograms of SB-75 per day induced a partial and submaximal decrease, respectively, in tumor weight and volume. Tumor doubling time was the longest (50 days) with the high dose of SB-75 vs. 15 days for controls. The body weights were unchanged. The weights of testes, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate were greatly reduced in all three groups that received SB-75, and testosterone levels were decreased to nondetectable values in the case of the two higher doses of SB-75. LH levels were also diminished. Similar results were obtained in the second experiment, in which the animals were treated for a period of 8 weeks with microgranules of SB-75. Therapy with microgranules of SB-75 significantly decreased tumor growth as measured by the final tumor volume, the percentage change from the initial tumor volume, and the reduction in tumor weight. The results indicate that antagonist SB-75, released from sustained delivery systems, can produce a state of chemical castration and effectively inhibit the growth of experimental prostate cancers. The efficacy of the antagonist SB-75 in inhibiting androgen-dependent Dunning prostatic carcinoma and the absence of side effects suggest its possible usefulness for the treatment of hormone-sensitive tumors.
Dynamic response of a two-dimensional semi-circular foundation embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space

Abstract The dynamic response of a massless rigid strip foundation of semi-circular cross-section embedded in a uniform or layered viscoelastic half-space is considered. The foundation is subjected to external harmonic forces and moments and to plane homogeneous P-, SV- and SH-waves. Numerical results are obtained by two indirect boundary integral equation methods: a reciprocity-based approach and a version of the least squares approach. The results for a uniform half-space are tested against the exact solution for longitudinal vibrations and against earlier results for the in-plane impedance functions and for the in-plane response to plane waves. The deffects of Poisson's ratio, material attenuation and layering on the impedance functions and on the scattering coefficients (response to waves) are described in some detail. The appearance of fictitious eigen-frequencies at which the solution may fail is also discussed.
Discard Mortality of Trawl-Caught Lingcod in Relation to Tow Duration and Time on Deck

Abstract The lingcod Ophiodon elongatus is a benthic marine fish commonly caught by groundfish trawlers and discarded due to low catch limits. Managers must account for the mortality of bycatch to assess population status accurately. Our objectives were to estimate the actual mortality of trawl-discarded lingcod (50–84 cm) and describe their physiological stress response to capture. We investigated three major factors of the trawling operation that may influence lingcod survival: tow duration, fish size, and the amount of time fish were on the deck of the vessel. Survival was monitored for 21 d and each surviving animal was then physically and physiologically evaluated. The results showed that regardless of the duration of the tow, lingcod survival was 100% for animals discarded immediately after the cod end was emptied on deck. All lingcod captured during a tow of average commercial duration demonstrated a maximal stress response, measured by plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations. As expec...
Virtual machine advantages in security, integrity, and decision support systems [Authors' response]

We remain enthusiastic about the potential of virtual machine concepts and strongly recommend this approach. VM technology coupled with other technologies, namely, interactive data base systems and hierarchical system structuring have distinct comparative advantages for a broad class of problems, especially in decision support systems.
Rapid Analysis of Therapeutic Drugs in Blood by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A rapid procedure was devised for analyzing anticonvulsants in serum by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Samples were volatilized by heat into the ion source of the mass spectrometer and reacted there with CH5+ and other reactant ions produced by ion-molecule reactions of the methane reagent gas. Increasing the temperature of the probe produced quasimolecular ion peaks of the different drugs, which rose and fell on the oscilloscope tracing at overlapping rates, indicating similar but not identical rates of volatilization. These peaks were recorded by connecting the electron multiplier ion detector output through a voltage to frequency converter to a 200 channel multichannel analyzer (MCA) operated in the multiscale mode. The concentration of the anticonvulsants were then calculated from the ratio of the counts in the channel of the drug to that of the appropriate internal standard. Other drugs present, including barbiturates, carbamazepine, ethosuximide and caffeine were readily identified when present. With one solid probe inlet, an assay could be performed every two minutes.
Lek size and female visitation in two species of tephritid fruit flies

Abstract The notion that females prefer to visit and mate with grouped over solitary males is an oft-advanced hypothesis for the evolution of lek behaviour. A corollary of this hypothesis is that per capita mating success of males increases with increasing lek size. Few field studies have tested this prediction via experimental manipulation of lek size. Here, I describe field studies that monitored female visits to artificially created leks of varying size in two species of tephritid fruit flies, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. No support for the female preference hypothesis was detected for B. dorsalis. However, in C. capitata, mean ratios of female sightings:signalling males were significantly greater for leks containing 18 or 36 males than leks that contained only six males. The observation that C. capitata males in natural populations typically form small leks suggests that a female–male conflict exists regarding optimal lek size.
A low cost, adaptive mixed reality system for home-based stroke rehabilitation

This paper presents a novel, low-cost, real-time adaptive multimedia environment for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke survivors. The primary goal of this system is to provide an interactive tool with which the stroke survivor can sustain gains achieved within the clinical phase of therapy and increase the opportunity for functional recovery. This home-based mediated system has low cost sensing, off the shelf components for the auditory and visual feedback, and remote monitoring capability. The system is designed to continue active learning by reducing dependency on real-time feedback and focusing on summary feedback after a single task and sequences of tasks. To increase system effectiveness through customization, we use data from the training strategy developed by the therapist at the clinic for each stroke survivor to drive automated system adaptation at the home. The adaptation includes changing training focus, selecting proper feedback coupling both in real-time and in summary, and constructing appropriate dialogues with the stroke survivor to promote more efficient use of the system. This system also allows the therapist to review participant's progress and adjust the training strategy weekly.
Preference formulas in relational queries

The handling of user preferences is becoming an increasingly important issue in present-day information systems. Among others, preferences are used for information filtering and extraction to reduce the volume of data presented to the user. They are also used to keep track of user profiles and formulate policies to improve and automate decision making.We propose here a simple, logical framework for formulating preferences as preference formulas. The framework does not impose any restrictions on the preference relations, and allows arbitrary operation and predicate signatures in preference formulas. It also makes the composition of preference relations straightforward. We propose a simple, natural embedding of preference formulas into relational algebra (and SQL) through a single winnow operator parameterized by a preference formula. The embedding makes possible the formulation of complex preference queries, for example, involving aggregation, by piggybacking on existing SQL constructs. It also leads in a natural way to the definition of further, preference-related concepts like ranking. Finally, we present general algebraic laws governing the winnow operator and its interactions with other relational algebra operators. The preconditions on the applicability of the laws are captured by logical formulas. The laws provide a formal foundation for the algebraic optimization of preference queries. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach through numerous examples.
The Effectiveness of Employee Assistance Program Supervisor Training: An Experimental Study.

This study employed an experimental design to assess the effectiveness of supervisor training conducted by a large corporate employee assistance program (EAP). A total of 291 supervisors were randomly assigned to one of three study groups, and data were collected immediately following the training sessions. Supervisor training conducted by both in-house and contracted EAP trainers was found to be effective. In addition, these data demonstrate that supervisor training is best viewed as a process and not as a single event. Additional training had a significant impact on supervisors' knowledge of the EAP even after controlling for previous training and previous experience with the EAP.
The relationship between plasma, leukocyte and leukocyte membrane beta-carotene concentrations in bovine animals

Abstract Blood was obtained at the time of slaughter from 14 mature bovine animals. Plasma, leukocyte and leukocyte membranes were harvested from each blood sample and beta-carotene concentrations were determined. Plasma beta-carotene concentrations ranged from 32.4 to 115.5 nmoles/dl (17.4 to 62.0 ug/dl) with a mean concentration of 73.2 nmoles/dl (39.3 ug/dl). Whole leukocyte beta-carotene concentrations in these same animals ranged from 0.07 to 0.31 nmoles/g weight (mean=0.17 nmoles/g). Leukocyte membrane beta-carotene concentrations ranged from 0.74 pmole/g to 0.29 n mole/g (mean 0.15 nmole/g). There was a linear relationship between plasma and leukocyte beta-carotene concentrations with a correlation coefficient of .82. A linear relationship also existed between plasma and leukocyte membrane beta-carotene concentrations (correlation coefficient=.78) and between leukocyte and leukocyte membrane beta-carotene concentrations (correlation coefficient=.65). Thus, beta-carotene is present in bovine leukocyte and leukocyte membranes and a linear relationship exists between plasma levels and beta-carotene content in these cells and cell membranes.
Molecular Properties of the Erythromycin Resistance Plasmid pPV141 fromStaphylococcus chromogenes

Abstract The 2.3-kb erythromycin resistance (EmR) plasmid pPV141 ofStaphylococcus chromogenes3688 was isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified ORF1 and ORF2 separated by a 445-bp spacing, encoding a 158-residue replication protein (Rep141) and a 244-residue erythromycin resistance protein (Erm, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase), respectively. Structural analysis and Southern hybridization showed that therepandermMgenes in pPV141 shared homology with other known EmRplasmids. Based on sequence analysis, pPV141 was classified as a unique member of the pSN2 family of EmRplasmids.
Patterns in the Mess: The United States and Nicaragua

Review in this Article Robert A. Pastor. Condemned to Repetition: The United States and Nicaragua. Princeton
Factors Affecting Syneresis of Renneted Milk Gels

Abstract Factors which affect the syneresis of cheese curd by direct acidification and rennet coagulation were investigated. The factors included pH (5.2, 5.4, 5.6 and 5.8), temperature (35, 46.1, and 57.2C), rate of heating (30 seconds or 2 minutes to heat from 35C to final temperature), agitation (stirring at 35 or 70rpm), and addition of CaCl 2 (0 or .02% (w//w) as well as their interactions. Rate of heating did not have a significant effect on syneresis of curd, whereas increasing agitation and addition of CaCl 2 , had only slight effects. Temperature and pH had highly significant effects. The interaction of pH and temperature was highly significant. Interactions of pH and agitation, pH and CaCl 2 , and temperature and agitation were also significant.
Observation of NMR phosphate echoes from solid bone.

Reports the phosphate echoes observed from the solid bone following a double-pulse RF sequence. The echo responses show an interesting dependence on the nutation angle of the second pulse. This observation leads to the general conclusion that the phosphate echo behaviour may be attributed to the inhomogeneous dipolar interactions in the bone samples. However, a satisfactory theoretical description of the echo behaviour has yet to be obtained.
Effects of Thinning Time on Yield, Fruit Size, and Return Bloom of ‘York’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees

In 1994, heavily flowering 'York' apple trees (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) selected for 80% or more of spurs flowering were hand thinned to a crop density (CD) of approximately 7 fruit/cm 2 trunk cross-sectional area (FCSA) at bloom, petal fall, or up to 61 days after bloom. This thinning did not result in an adequate return bloom even for a partial crop in 1995. Heavily flowering 'Golden Delicious'/M.26 trees were treated similarly in 1994 and responded with more flowering in 1995 than 'York'/M.26 trees. In 1995, a different group of heavily flowering 'York'/M.26 trees were hand thinned to a CD of 3 to 5 FCSA at bloom and at 7 day intervals up to 35 days AFB. Thinning at bloom or 7 days after full bloom (4.5 mm fruit diameter) resulted in much greater return bloom in 1996 than any other thinning. In 1995, 'Golden Delicious'/M.26 trees were treated similarly to 'York'/M.26 and responded similarly in 1996 with the greatest return bloom resulting from bloom thinning with somewhat less return bloom from thinning 7 or 14 days after full bloom and dramatically reduced return bloom.
THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES IN INTERLIBRARY LOAN

This article explores the relationship of commercial document delivery services with libraries in an arena traditionally dominated by interlibrary services, focusing on the supply of article photocopies. Major trends in interlibrary lending and private sector services are summarized. Commercial services are divided into two groups: collection‐specific and full‐service suppliers. The article explores the fit of commercial services in a resource‐sharing environment. Evidence is presented that corporate libraries are more likely to use commercial services than their academic counterparts. Speed of delivery is found to be the vital factor to librarians in both types of libraries, although economic issues are also important. The article concludes with a discussion of the private sector in developing and introducing new technology for document delivery.
Solvent-mediated interactions and chain conformations in block copolymer liquids

Approximate medium-induced interactions acting on a tagged chain immersed in its melt are studied for AB copolymers using liquid-state polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory. The contributions from both density and concentration fluctuations are examined. In analogy to the homopolymer case, we identify the alloy density-fluctuation-mediated term as a local, or ‘intrinsic’, contribution which survives in the long-chain limit. On the other hand, the concentration-fluctuation-like term is finite size in nature, and is viewed as the liquid-state theory analogue to the ‘screened’ potentials employed in previous field theoretic studies. Here, the screened form can be written in terms of fluctuation renormalized collective structure factors and corresponding effective chi-parameters, which replace the phenomenological Flory chi-parameter in the mean field treatment. The conformational properties of idealized structurally and interaction-symmetric diblock copolymers under the screened conditions are then investigated. As the diblock melt is cooled, the mean squared end-to-end distance is predicted to grow, while the individual blocks may either shrink or expand depending on composition. The roughly sigmoidal shape of the end-to-end distance versus inverse temperature is in good agreement with recent lattice Monte Carlo simulations. The degree to which the overall chain dimensions deviate from the unperturbed value is predicted to be < 10% over the relevant temperature range, also in accord with simulation results. The predicted saturation of conformational changes at low temperatures is a direct consequence of the fluctuation-corrected liquid-state theory solvation potential, and physically arises from the emergence of a ‘ground-state’ fluid structure on the microdomain length. We also discuss issues relating to the screening of the intrachain excluded volume, and the consequences of non-universal coupled density and concentration fluctuations on the solvent-induced potential, for more general models of structurally asymmetric block copolymers.
Innovation in Traditions of Transformation: A Preliminary Survey of a Quarter Century of Change in the Bāhāḥs and Bahīs of the Kathmandu Valley

The Newar monastic compounds of the Kathmandu Valley (bāhāḥs and bahīs) are the centres of what is arguably the world's oldest continuously practised form of Buddhism. This article presents a preliminary analysis of a survey that revisited these compounds 25 years after the publication of John Locke's exhaustive study in order to understand how these fundamental institutions of Newar Buddhism have been affected by the radical transformations that Nepalese society has undergone since then. It suggests that Newar practitioners of the dharma have often expressed their devotion in ways that are at once traditional and vitally innovative, transforming these compounds as well as the means through which they transform them in myriad ways. The conspicuous democratisation of sponsorship of ‘repairs’ has resulted in alterations that conform to notions of authenticity—old and new, Newar and foreign—as well as deliberate departures from tradition.
Latest Miocene to earliest Pliocene sedimentation and climate record derived from paleosinkhole fill deposits, Gray Fossil Site, northeastern Tennessee, U.S.A

Abstract Lacustrine sediments deposited within a paleosinkhole at the Gray Fossil Site (GFS) in northeastern Tennessee, USA, provide a latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene (4.5–7 Ma) record of sedimentation and paleoclimate. The basal graded facies consists of mm- to cm-thick, normally graded layers of primarily locally derived terrigenous silts and fine sands with low organic content, which record storm flow influxes into a 40 m-deep paleosinkhole lake. The graded facies is overlain by the laminated facies, which is characterized by mm thick, non-graded “A–B couplets” of abundant macerated terrestrial organic matter and fine to coarse quartz sand (A), alternating with quartz and carbonate silt (B). Isotopic evidence for establishment of either C4-dominated or mixed C3/C4 terrestrial ecosystems is not evident at this site; δ13C values of bulk organic matter from the basal graded facies range from − 24‰ to − 26‰ PDB, and decrease upsection to − 28‰ to − 30‰ in the organic-rich laminated facies. Isotope values covary with changes in both total organic content (TOC: 0.25–1 wt.% in graded facies, 2–12 wt.% in laminated facies) and in carbon–nitrogen ratio (C / N: 1–2 in graded facies, 20–50 in laminated facies). These upsection changes in sedimentary facies and organic geochemistry within the GFS are attributed to either: (1) a climate shift characterized by increased precipitation and concomitant increased vegetation within the paleosinkhole watershed over time, or (2) progressive shallowing and eutrophication of the paleosinkhole lake, coupled with organic diagenesis within either the watershed or the paleosinkhole sediments, in which there was isotopic discrimination associated with organic matter decomposition. Subaerial exposure of the paleosinkhole lake is recorded by paleosol development.
Interactions of gonadotropins with corpus luteum membranes. I. Properties and distributions of some marker enzyme activities after subcellular fractionation of the superovulated rat ovary.

The properties of a number of enzyme activities of the superovulated rat ovary have been studied to establish optimal assay conditions and specific assay procedures for each activity. The activities were chosen on the basis of their extensive use in other tissues of the rat as marker enzymes for the major cell organelles. Homogenates of superovulated rat ovaries were subjected to fractionation by differential rate centrifugation, and sedimentation profiles were constructed for each marker enzyme activity. The various subcellular fractions were also monitored by electron microscopy. The enrichment of fractions with particular organelles by electron microscopy, and enrichment of the appropriate organelle marker enzyme activities correlated well. Sedimentation profiles of a number of plasma membrane marker enzymes demonstrated a marked discrepancy between hCG-binding activity and 5′-nucleotidase-, alkaline phosphatase-, and Mg2+-dependent ATPase on the one hand, and basal, hCG-stimulated, and fluoride-stimul...
Fabrication of sub-micrometer PMOSFETs with sub-100 nm p+-n shallow junctions using group III dual ion implantation

Fabrication de PMOSFET, de l'ordre du micrometre, par l'utilisation d'une technologie d'implantation double ion. Des PMOSFET avec des longueurs de canaux de 0,6 a 0,95 et des oxydes de grille de 21,5 nm sont fabriques par l'utilisation d'un procede pour MOSFET. Des transconductances maximum de 40 a 45 mS/mm sont obtenues pour l'implantation double en Ga/B et In/B
Instanton solutions in supersymmetric chiral field theories

Abstract Instanton solutions in three and four dimensional supersymmetric chiral field theories are presented. Possible applications of the underlying theory is discussed.
Superconductive pairing across electron barriers.

Possible superconductive pairing of two electrons separated by barrier leading to higher transition temperature for superconductors and superconductivity in magnetic metals
Pictorial depth and the Poggendorff illusion

An informal demonstration is offered, which strongly supports previous contentions that, when the elements of a Poggendorff display appear to be arranged in pictorial space such that the two critical line segments are at different heights, an illusory impression of misalignment may occur. A second pair of demonstrations shows, however, that such a height difference is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of the illusion. In addition, the harmful effect of adding certain pictorial elements to the standard Poggendorff pattern requires a new understanding.
Deep-UV Raman spectrometer tunable between 193 and 205 nm for structural characterization of proteins

A new deep-UV Raman spectrometer utilizing a laser source tunable between 193 and 205 nm has been designed, built, and characterized. Only selected wavelengths from this range have previously been accessible, by Raman shifting of the second, third, and fourth harmonics of the Nd:YAG fundamental in hydrogen. The apparatus was demonstrated to be a useful tool for characterizing hen egg white lysozyme structural rearrangements at various stages of fibril formation. High-quality deep-UV resonance Raman spectra were obtained for both a protein solution and a highly-scattering gelatinous phase formed by fibrillogenic species. In addition to amide bands, strong contribution of ν12 and ring-C phenylalanine vibrational modes was observed at excitation wavelengths below 200 nm. Remarkably, the Raman cross-section of these modes revealed dramatic change of lysozyme in response to heat denaturation and fibril formation. These results indicate that phenylalanine could serve as a new deep-UV Raman probe of protein structure.
Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother's milk

"Preterm" human milk fortified with protein (0.85 gm/dL), calcium (90 mg/dL), and phosphorus (45 mg/dL) was compared with unfortified preterm human milk as a feeding for low birth weight infants. Additionally, a special formula for low birth weight infants (Similac Special Care (SC), 20 cal/oz), was compared with a standard 20 cal/oz formula (Similac). Bone mineral content (BMC), as measured by photon absorptiometry, improved in the study groups fed fortified human milk and Similac SC formula during the first 6 weeks of full oral feedings. Even though the intakes of calcium in the groups fed fortified human milk and Similac SC formula approached the intrauterine requirement for Ca during the third trimester of pregnancy (150 mg/kg/d), the values for BMC in these two groups (37 to 39 mg/cm) at the completion of the study were still considerably less than the intrauterine values for radial BMC at 36 to 37 weeks gestational age (72.6 +/- 14.1 mg/cm). Furthermore, the relative phosphorus deficiency (as determined by increased urinary Ca excretion and increased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate) in the human milk groups occurred with or without supplements of Ca and P. Rate of weight gain in the fortified human milk group was greater than that of the unfortified human milk group and was comparable to that of infants fed Similac SC formula. Rate of weight gain for the unfortified human milk group was similar to that of infants fed Similac formula containing 20 cal/oz. However, none of the four feeding groups exceeded the 50th percentile for weight at the time of discharge (36 to 37 weeks postconceptional age). The results suggest that fortifying preterm human milk with Ca, P, and protein for low birth weight infants will improve bone mineralization and rate of growth to levels comparable to those achieved with a special formula containing high amounts of protein, Ca, and P.
Studies on L-proline:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase of hog kidney

Summary L -Proline:NAD(P) + 2-oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.1.1) has been extensively purified from hog kidney. This enzyme utilizes NADH or NADPH for the formation of proline, and, presumably, pipecolic acid from the appropriate substrate. Studies with inhibitory analogs of one of the equilibrium partners in substrate preparations suggest that the substrates for this enzyme are α -keto- δ -amino valerate and α -keto- e -amino caproate, rather than the unsaturated heterocyclic compounds which exist in spontaneous equilibrium with these forms. Inhibition by metal binding agents, together with partial reactivation by Zn 2+ or Cu 2+ , suggests that the proline oxidoreductase is a metalloenzyme. The aliphatic components of the substrate side-chains may be involved in hydrophobic bonding with the active center of the enzyme.
Composition and formation of metal nodules and veins in ordinary chondrites

Five large metal nodules, a composite sample of five small metal nodules, one troilite nodule, and two metal veins from five ordinary chondrites were analyzed by electron microprobe and neutron activation analysis. Metal nodules and veins in H chondrites generally consist of large single crystals of kamacite, whereas L nodules contain significant taenite. Most nodules and veins are depleted by large factors ranging up to 240 in refractory siderophiles (Re, Os, Ir, Pt). Tungsten (normally a refractory siderophile) and Au, As, and Ga (volatile siderophiles) have abundance ratios similar to those of the common siderophiles Fe, Co and Ni. It is proposed that the metal with extremely low refractory-element contents was produced by shock-induced vaporization of chondritic material. The refractory elements condensed near the point of vaporization and were not transported with the vapor. Because the shock-generated gas was mildly oxidizing, W formed volatile oxides.
A Kinetic Study on the Adsorption and Reaction of Hydrogen over Silica-Supported Ruthenium and Silver–Ruthenium Catalysts during the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide

The simultaneous adsorption and reaction of hydrogen with preadsorbed carbon monoxide was investigated over a series of silica-supported ruthenium and silver-ruthenium bimetallic catalysts to elucidate the role of site sensitivity on hydrogen adsorption and methane formation. The specific rate of methane synthesis, which is a direct measure of the catalyst activity toward the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, measured at 460 Torr and temperatures from 400 to 500 K, varied from 0.01 x 10{sup {minus}3} to 3 x 10{sup {minus}3}S{sup {minus}1}. As little as 3% Ag reduced the methanation rate of Ru by 80%. The temperature dependence of the turnover frequency showed that the apparent activation energy for methanation dropped from 24 kcal/mol for the monometallic ruthenium case to 18 kcal/mol for the bimetallic case. Since silver does not adsorb or react with either hydrogen or carbon monoxide, these results show that silver does not act merely as a dilutant in the bimetallic system. These observations are elucidated in terms of a new model for surface-sensitive hydrogen adsorption, termed portal site mediated adsorption, where low-coordination edge and corner sites on the catalyst surface act as sinks for rapid, dissociative adsorption of weakly bound, highly mobile surface hydrogen. In situ {sup 1}H-NMR measurements ofmore » surface hydrogen coverages during reaction were used to confirm the kinetic model treatment of the reaction data.« less
Making computational social science effective: epistemology, methodology, and technology

There has been significant recent interest in Agent Based Modeling in many social sciences including economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, and game theory. This article describes three problems that need to be addressed in order for such models to become effective tools for formulating new social theory and informing policy debates and suggests approaches to meeting them. These issues are computational epistemology, research methodology, and software technology. These innovations augment Agent Based Modeling to create an effective new tool base to help better understand complex social systems.
Selective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with an ultrashort pulsed laser

Recently, femtosecond laser technology has been shown to be effective in the inactivation of non-pathogenic viruses. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that infectious numbers of pathogenic viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be reduced by irradiation with subpicosecond near infrared laser pulses at a moderate laser power density. By comparing the threshold laser power density for the inactivation of HIV with those of human red blood cells and mouse dendritic cells, we conclude that it is plausible to use the ultrashort pulsed laser to selectively inactivate blood-borne pathogens such as HIV while leaving the sensitive materials like human red blood cells unharmed. This finding has important implications in the development of a new laser technology for disinfection of viral pathogens in blood products and in the clinic.
Isotope shifts for the P, Q, R lines in indium-doped silicon

Abstract We have measured the isotope shift of the P and R luminescence lines in Si doped with In and diffused with isotopically enriched Fe. We find no measurable shift in the R line. Similar experiments on the luminescence lines attributed to an isolated Fe complex show no shift in the previously identified “phonon replicas.” Theoretical calculations of defect phonon resonances near 9 meV for interstitial and substitutional Fe predict an isotope shift of 0.17 meV for 56Fe and 54Fe. This value is in disagreement with the observed lack of a shift.
Surgical therapy for lung cancer

Abstract Lung cancer remains a major public health problem because it is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. The traditional surgical role for lung cancer has been for patients with limited disease; that approach resulted in an overall five year survival of 18–20%. During the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to expanding the group of patients for whom surgical resection could be accomplished. The net effect of aggressive surgical intervention, addition of multimodality therapy, and improved understanding of perioperative and postoperative management has been improved survival in stages I, II, and III. At this time a non-small cell cancer of the lung should be surgically staged and based on stage, therapy should be designed. Multimodality therapy is an important adjunct to stage IIIA and stage IIIB patients. With a multidisciplinary approach to lung cancer, patients in stages I, II, IIIA, and IIIB may all be candidates for resection and cure. Patients in stage IV are candidates for palliative intervention although no long-term impact on survival has been achieved. Early detection, prompt evaluation, surgical staging, and multidisciplinary therapy are the current standards by which the overall outcome of patients with non-small cell cancer of the lung will be improved.
The occurrence of natural and artificial methyl esters in lipid extracts

Abstract Proof is presented for existence of both naturally occurring methyl esters of fatty acids in liver and methyl esters of fatty acids formed during lipid extraction procedures. Ester compounds were separated by multibore Florisil chromatography columns and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Methyl esters of fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on both polar and nonpolar stationary phases. By using extraction solvents containing no alcohols, natural methyl esters were found. When alcohols were used in the extraction solvent, the extent of alcoholysis of fatty acids was determined through the use of 14 C-labeled alcohols. The resulting radioactive esters then were assayed by liquid scintillation counting. Methanol levels in the liver tissues were measured in order to determine the extent that “naturally occurring” methyl esters could possibly be artifacts, as compared with “true” natural methanol in the tissues.
Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices:

The basic theories and measurement procedures for reliability and the closely related concept of generalizability are reviewed, illustrated, and evaluated for use in marketing research. A critique ...
R70-3 On Stochastic Languages

A stochastic language is a set of words accepted by a probabilistic automaton with some cutpoint. The structure of the family of stochastic languages may not parallel the structure of the family of regular languages. Some stochastic languages are context-free languages which are nonregular. The basic questions of when the complement of a stochastic language is a stochastic language, or when the intersection or union of two stochastic languages is stochastic, have not been solved but have been illuminated by Turakainen's work. Turakainen proves that like the context-free languages, the intersection of a stochastic language and a regular language is a stochastic language. He shows as well that the union of a stochastic language and regular language is also a stochastic language. All right derivatives of a stochastic language are stochastic languages. In the same volume as Turakainen's paper, Nasu and Honda have proven what amounts to the fact that the reversal of a stochastic language is a stochastic language. They also show other basic properties.
Intramuscular temperature responses in the human leg to two forms of cryotherapy: ice massage and ice bag.

Cryotherapy is often used to affect the muscle underlying skin and subcutaneous tissues. However, the relationship between the penetrative ability of various cryotherapy methods and treatment time is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this study was to measure muscle temperature responses during two frequently used cryotherapy techniques. A 23-gauge hypodermic needle microprobe was inserted to one-half skin-fold thickness plus 1 cm into the medial aspect of the gastrocnemius muscle of 14 subjects. Two groups of seven subjects each were measured for temperature changes during ice bag or ice massage treatment. Each treatment consisted of a 15-minute application of the selected method. A significant difference between the two methods was observed (t = −2.157, p ≤ 0.05). Ice massage achieved its lowest temperature in an average of 17.9 ± 2.4 minutes, while ice bag reached its lowest temperature in 28.2 ± 12.5 minutes. Ice massage appears to cool muscle more rapidly than ice bag.
The outcome of clinical pregnancies following intracytoplasmic sperm injection is not affected by semen quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) on pregnancy outcome. For this purpose 279 consecutive intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were retrospectively evaluated and compared to 436 consecutive IVF cycles performed during the same time frame. Group A (n=62) included ICSI patients with severe OAT; group B (n =217) included patients who underwent ICSI for other indications; and group C (n = 436) included couples who underwent standard IVF. The mean age of female patients and mean number of embryos transferred were comparable in all groups. No difference was observed regarding implantation, clinical pregnancy, delivery and miscarriage rates between all three groups, but fertilization rate was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C. It is concluded that couples undergoing ICSI with severe male infertility (OAT) have a slightly reduced fertilization rate but their chances of delivery and pregnancy loss are similar to those of other patients undergoing clinical ICSI and IVF with non-male infertility.
In reference to: amoxicillin-clavulanate improves symptoms, reduces treatment failure in select children with acute otitis media and increases risk of diarrhoea

In their commentary1 about our report2 and a similar Finnish report3 on the treatment of acute otitis media in young children, Drs Marmor and Newman ignored or misread crucial elements. Although the commentary was aptly titled, ‘Amoxicillin-clavulanate improves symptoms, reduces treatment failure in select children with acute otitis media…,’ the text applicable to our trial was limited to a discussion of the differences we found between the amoxicillin-clavulanate and placebo treatment groups in symptomatic response, without reference to …
Bifurcation Universality for First-Sound Subharmonic Generation in Superfluid Helium-4

Measurements are presented which show that below the superfluid transition, the generation of first-sound subharmonics in the low-megahertz range quantatively follows the Feigenbaum universal convergence. In addition, by using ion-trapping techniques the physical nature of the onset of the first bifurcation sequence is identified as the threshold for the generation of quantum vortex line, not the threshold for the production of macroscopic classical turbulence, i.e., acoustic cavitation.
The effect of probenecid on catecholamine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid analyzed by mass fragmentography.

Abstract A gas chromatography-mass fragmentography (GC-MS) method was used to measure homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 31 patients before and after treatment with probenecid. HVA values increased from 24.6 ± 2.6 S.E.M. to 210 ± 17 ng/ml. The increase in VMA was from 1.06 ± 0.23 to 2.22 ± 0.17 ng/ml and that of MHPG was from 12.2 ± 1.08 to 15.6 ± 1.27 ng/ml. All increases were significant (p =
Method for deriving the correlation between free fall and shock machine drop height

The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between shock machine drop height and free-fall drop height based on equivalent transmitted shock velocity change. The transmitted shock velocity change of shock machine impacts (using plastic 2 ms half-sine programmers) was measured with a waveform analyser, which is a part of the shock machine system. The transmitted shock velocity change of free-fall drops was measured using the same waveform analyser in conjunction with a trigger device developed specifically for this study. The data were then analysed and a correlation between free-fall drop height and shock machine drop height was derived, for a specific product/package system. For the shock machine and product/package used, the shock machine drop height was found to be equal to 1.31 + (0.74 × shock machine height). This equation will vary due to the dynamics of different product/package systems, different drop surfaces and the type of shock machine used.