cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cooperativity of Rb, Brca1, and p53 in Malignant Breast Cancer Evolution

Breast cancers that are “triple-negative” for the clinical markers ESR1, PGR, and HER2 typically belong to the Basal-like molecular subtype. Defective Rb, p53, and Brca1 pathways are each associated with triple-negative and Basal-like subtypes. Our mouse genetic studies demonstrate that the combined inactivation of Rb and p53 pathways is sufficient to suppress the physiological cell death of mammary involution. Furthermore, concomitant inactivation of all three pathways in mammary epithelium has an additive effect on tumor latency and predisposes highly penetrant, metastatic adenocarcinomas. The tumors are poorly differentiated and have histologic features that are common among human Brca1-mutated tumors, including heterogeneous morphology, metaplasia, and necrosis. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that the tumors share attributes of both Basal-like and Claudin-low signatures, two molecular subtypes encompassed by the broader, triple-negative class defined by clinical markers.
The fractional latent heat of crystallizing magmas

The fractional latent heat of a crystallizing system is simply the latent heat of fusion divided by the total enthalpy. When plotted against temperature, this function displays robust pulses with the successive saturation of each incoming crystal phase. Each pulse endures for tens of degrees, corresponding to tens to hundreds of thousands of years in large magma bodies. From an original 1963 development by P.J. Wyllie using a synthetic system, I show that the liquidus slopes (degrees per gram of solid produced) decrease discontinuously at the arrival of a new phase, and their inverse, the crystal productivity, undergoes sharp upward pulses at the same time. The overall liquidus slope increases continuously, interrupted by small downward jumps, with the evolution of the multicomponent melt. The crystal productivity pulses feed the fractional latent heat pulses, which dominate the crystallization history of a melt. These elementary relationships govern the near-solidus growth of dihedral angles in cumulates as they relate to the liquidus events. The latent heat ordinarily approximates to about 80% of the total enthalpy budget, but jumps to 100% (by definition) when solidification occurs by isothermal adcumulus growth and approaches 100% when mafic phases such as augite and Fe-Ti oxides are over-produced (relative to their equilibrium saturation) in layered intrusions. The feedback of latent heat to a self-regulating cooling history of large magma bodies is deduced here in principle. The overall results help to clarify the crystallization history of mafic magmas. In particular, they support the solidification of floor cumulates by interchange with parent magma and without the help of compaction.
Doing the Politically Right Thing: Results, Behavior, and Vote Trading

The current understanding of vote trading assumes legislators' payoffs vary only with results--the motions enacted or defeated by their votes. This characterization is not supported by evidence from the modern Congress. This paper specifies a model of vote trading in which legislators' payoffs are a function of results and voting behavior. Analysis of this game amends the standard wisdom about voting and vote trading in two areas: the existence of a nonempty core, and the conditions under which sophisticated voting produces an outcome in the core.
A new vector quantization clustering algorithm

The pairwise nearest neighbor (PNN) algorithm is presented as an alternative to the Linde-Buzo-Gray (1980, LBG) (generalized Lloyd, 1982) algorithm for vector quantization clustering. The PNN algorithm derives a vector quantization codebook in a diminishingly small fraction of the time previously required, without sacrificing performance. In addition, the time needed to generate a codebook grows only O(N log N) in training set size and is independent of the number of code words desired. Using this method, one can either minimize the number of code words needed subject to a maximum rate. The PNN algorithm can be used with squared error and weighted squared error distortion measure. Simulations on a variety of images encoded at 1/2 b/pixel indicate that PNN codebooks can be developed in roughly 5% of the time required by the LBG algorithm. >
An Exploratory Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure

Previous studies indicate two possibly asymmetric findings about the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and annual report disclosure practices: (a) disclosure practices of comp...
A Layout Algorithm for Bar-Visibility Graphs on the Möbius Band

We characterize two types of bar-visibility graphs on the Mobius band (abbreviated "BVGMs"), in which vertices correspond to intervals that are parallel or orthogonal to the axis of the band, depending on type, and in which adjacency corresponds to orthogonal visibility of intervals. BVGMs with intervals orthogonal to the axis are shown to be equivalent to the "polar visibility graphs" studied by Hutchinson [7]. BVGMs with intervals parallel to the axis are characterized as those graphs G which satisfy the following conditions: G is embedded on the Mobius band; the block-cutpoint tree of G is a caterpillar in which all but at most one block is planar; and the non-planar block, if it exists, is at the "head" of the caterpillar.
The Right Objection

Crafting the right objection to evidence presented at trial is important both to win an evidence fight and to preserve an issue for appeal. This article examines United States v. Davis, 596 F.3d 852 (D.C. Cir. 2010) to illustrate just how difficult making the right objection can be.
Impacts of exchange rate risk and transportation cost on a globally coordinated production plan for an OEM

Transportation costs and exchange rate risk have been significant factors in selection of suppliers in global supply chain management. In this study, we investigate the effects of both of these factors on a global supply chain planner's strategic decisions on working with local or international suppliers. We develop an optimisation model to analyse the impacts of transportation cost and exchange rate risks and show for a coordinated production plan for an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), 1st tier and 2nd tier suppliers located locally or globally. We specifically focus on China (Pearl River Delta and Inland regions), India (Chennai) and Mexico (Baja) for the location of the OEM and its suppliers. We show that appreciation of Chinese currency and higher oil prices would make OEMs in Inland region of China and Mexico more attractive, respectively. India is very cost effective for the global strategic planner to locate OEM if oil prices decrease significantly. Moreover, we investigate the strategic benefit of relocating the OEM, 1st tier and 2nd tier suppliers for a global supply chain planner.
Main Street, Wall Street, and City Hall: Entanglement in a Theory of Political Economy

This essay is a keynote address prepared for a conference on "Entangled Political Economy" sponsored by the Wirth Institute. In keeping with the conventions of such an address, I look both backward and forward while placing more emphasis on looking forward. In looking backward, I compare and contrast two orientations toward political economy: additive and entangled. In looking forward, I explore some of the analytical challenges that confront efforts to pursue a vision of entangled political economy. While these challenges are substantive in character, those efforts necessarily rest on methodological presumptions. Accordingly, the paper opens by reviewing some of those methodological presumptions before turning to the substantive articulations and challenges.
Rethinking Attorney Conflict of Interest Doctrine

This article focuses on conflict of interest doctrine dealing with concur- rent conflict of interest issues. Its thesis is that a primary source of confusion in conflict of interest doctrine is its failure to clearly articulate and answer the central questions which lie at the heart of the subject. In essence it argues that to remedy this confusion we need to rethink attorney conflict of interest doctrine so that it focuses more clearly on articulating and answering these central questions.
Penetration of H3-Catechol, a Feeding Stimulant, into Chemoreceptor Sensilla of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Feeding assays with newly emerged Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) adults indicated that catechol significantly stimulated feeding. Living beetles pulsed with tritiated catechol for 5, 10, or 60 min, and subsequently prepared for and examined by high-resolution autoradiography, showed damage to the fine structure of chemosensitive sensilla after the 10- and 60-min time pulses. The 5-min pulse revealed that the tritiated catechol penetrated into the lumen of the chemosensitive sensilla via tubules. The implications of the results for helping to further elucidate an energy-transduction mechanism in chemoreception by insects is discussed.
GENOTYPIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF VARIATION IN GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF FISH HEMICLONES (POECILIOPSIS: POECILIIDAE).

The frozen-niche-variation model was proposed to account for the coexistence of genetically related clones in naturally occurring unisexual populations. This model is based on two assumptions: 1) ecologically different clones have multiple independent origins from sexual ancestors; and 2) the population of sexual ancestors contains genetic variability for ecologically relevant traits. To test these assumptions, we produced 14 new "hemiclones" (nonrecombining haploid genotypes) of fish (Poeciliopsis: Poeciliidae). Our ability to synthesize many new hemiclones demonstrates the feasibility of multiple independent origins of nonrecombining genotypes. A substantial proportion (10-50%) of the phenotypic variation among hemiclones in size at birth, juvenile growth rate, and fecundity had a genetic basis. Thus, we conclude that multiple origins can give rise to an assemblage of genetically distinct hemiclones, each with a unique combination of life-history traits. Additionally, a comparative analysis of two natural hemiclones revealed that the synthetic strains represent a broad field of variation from which natural hemiclones can be selected.
IR Telescope and Sensor Characterization for Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Guidance

This paper presents the performance characterization of an infrared sensor and selected optics for an asteroid intercept vehicle traveling at hypervelocity speeds. The feasibility of using an IR sensor for hypervelocity intercept of ballistic missiles has been demonstrated by Raytheon’s Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV). In our previous work, hypervelocity impact guidance using an infrared sensor was studied for an asteroid intercept mission. However, optical telescope design for the mission was not considered. In this paper, further investigation in how telescope design will effect the performance and precision impact location of the Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Vehicle is described.
Insulin and glucose determinations after two and three years of use of a combination-type oral contraceptive.

Insulin and glucose levels were determined during an iv glucose tolerance test in 130 women before taking the oral contraceptive (OC) Enovid (.075 mg mestranol plug 5 mg norethynodrel) and after 24 months in 49 of the women and after 36 months in 8 women. The 1-hour glucose and insulin levels were significantly elevated after 24 months (p less than .02 and p less than .001 respectively). After 36 months only slight differences were noted. 2 women had glucose curves that became abnormal during the 24 months and 1 individual had an abnormal glucose curve after 36 months of therapy. The greatest increase in glucose and insulin occurred in those of older age higher parity and in those who had delivered infants weighing more than 9 pounds or who had gained excessive weight while taking the OC. It was suggested that blood glucose levels be monitored annually for all women taking a combination- type OC.
Treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with 1,3-di(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane lactate.

An analogue of pentamidine, 1,3-di(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane (DMP) lactate, was tested against rat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The drug was found to be highly active in the treatment of rat PCP at a dose of 1.75 mg/kg (parent molecule) when administered by intravenous (i.v.) injection (daily for 2 wk). The compound was also active against PCP when given orally, however, significantly higher doses of DMP were necessary when compared to the i.v. dosing regimen. Prophylactic doses (i.v.) of the drug also proved highly effective in preventing PCP.
Norwegian Public and Entrepreneurs: Attitude and Perception Towards EEC Membership

Norway, located in the northwestern part of Europe, has a constitutional monarchy. Its boundaries are - Sweden, Finland, and the Soviet Union in the east, North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, in the south and west, respectively. The country is predominantly mountainous, located at a higher altitude compared to Europe as a whole. The major source of income (GNP) is derived from the manufacturing industry which produces goods for domestic consumption and export. Other sources of Norwegian GNP are--agriculture, oil, forestry, fishery, and mining. The 1979 GNP was $46.85 billion.
The Moral Interception of Oral Contraception: Potential Constitutional Claims Against the FDA's Prescription Requirement For A Progestin-Only Birth Control Pill

In its July/August 2012 issue, The Atlantic magazine named an over-the-counter birth control pill one of the “Biggest Ideas of the Year.” 1 In actuality, the idea of making an oral contraceptive available over the counter is far from novel. 2 In 1993, The American Journal of Public Health published an editorial asserting “safety and compliance concerns are no longer sufficient to justify maintaining the current clinical control over a woman’s contraceptive selection.” 3 The editorial went on to declare that “[a] national dialogue on [the issue of over-the-counter oral contraceptives] is overdue.” 4 Twenty years later, the unavailability of a daily over-the-counter oral contraceptive has the growing
Bacterial Indicators and Environmental Factors as Related to Contamination of Oysters by Enteroviruses.

Enteric viruses previously have been reported in marine waters and shellfish which met acceptable bacteriological standards for recreational use and shellfish harvesting. Unfortunately, previous data on occurrence of enteric viruses are limited and usually not quantitative. In this report, results of studies conducted along the upper Texas Gulf coast, where a substantial amount of quantitative virological data was collected, are compared to bacteriological indicators and other environmental factors on a statistical basis. A product-moment correlation matrix showed that there was a moderate correlation between viruses in water and total coliforms in water, total coliforms in oysters and fecal coliforms in oysters. However, presence of viruses in water was not found to be correlated with presence of viruses in oysters. The only significant regression coefficient found for the model relating the concentration of viruses in water to bacterial indicators and other environmental variables was concentration of c...
A Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cis -9, Trans -11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid to Celecoxib in the Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, for chronic inflammatory disease are associated with adverse health events, while cis-9, trans-11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is anti-inflammatory without adverse events attributed to pure intake. Mechanistically, celecoxib and c9t11 disrupt the arachidonic acid cascade; however, the equivalency of anti-inflammatory effects between these compounds is unknown. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that 0.5% dietary c9t11 reduces inflammation equivalently to a celecoxib dose intended to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 5 mg/kg bw), arthritic mice received diets containing one of the following supplements: 1% corn oil (CO, w/w), 0.5% c9t11 (>91% purity) +0.5% CO, or 1% CO + 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg bw celecoxib, and were assessed for changes in arthritic severity over 6 weeks. Overall, arthritic severity in mice fed c9t11 was reduced (34%, P < 0.01) while celecoxib doses (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg) reduced arthritic severity (16, 56, 48%, respectively) compared to CO-fed arthritic mice. Linear regression of the celecoxib dose-response showed 0.5% c9t11 (570 mg/kg bw) reduced arthritic severity equivalently to 1.5 mg/kg celecoxib. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was increased in paws of arthritic mice fed CO compared to shams, but was decreased in arthritic groups fed 0.5% c9t11 and 5 mg/kg celecoxib, compared to arthritic mice fed CO (Ps ≤ 0.05). Additionally, paw and plasma IL-10 levels in arthritic mice were decreased by 5 mg/kg celecoxib, but were unaffected by c9t11 compared to CO. Results suggest dietary c9t11 may be an effective adjunct to COX-2 inhibition for treating chronic inflammation.
Single Molecule Characterization of Mitotic Kif15 Reveals Capability to Generate Force in Anti-Parallel Microtubules

Proper formation of the mitotic spindle is essential for chromosome separation and cell division. Dimeric Kinesin-12, or Kif15, has been shown to serve as a backup mechanism for cell division, promoting spindle assembly in the absence of tetrameric Kinesin-5, or Eg5. The mechanism by which Kif15 aids in the assembly of the spindle is unknown. Here, single molecule motility assays were performed using optical tweezers to evaluate the mechanistic behavior of Kif15 on microtubules (MTs). Constructs containing various sub-components of the motor were utilized to determine the role of each domain, including the motor heads, stalk, MT binding domain (N700) and the full length motor (FL). Step size, dwell times, and stall forces were measured. Rupture assays were also performed on the MT binding domain (Coil-1) to determine the binding strength and the nature of the Coil-1/MT interaction. Motility and rupture assays were repeated on subtilisin-digested MTs (dMT) in which the negatively-charged carboxyl-terminal tail of MTs, called the E-hook, is removed. We found that the Coil-1 was stronger than the stall force of the motor due to its interaction with the E-hook, revealing that Kif15 has the ability to build up mechanical strain and slide MTs apart. In order to determine the importance of MT orientation, an in vitro optical trapping and fluorescence assay was developed to determine the force generating capabilities of Kif15 in different bundle environments. We determined that Kif15 slides anti-parallel MTs apart while parallel bundles remain stationary with a small amount of antagonizing force generation. Our studies provide insight regarding how Kif15 is able to rescue bipolar spindle assembly in the absence of Eg5.
Foster care and the earned income tax credit

Foster care is a source of significant costs to both governments and foster children. Policies that provide income support to households potentially reduce entry into foster care via reducing child maltreatment and improving child behavior. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009 (ARRA2009), the federal government expanded the earned income tax credit (EITC), which is an important income support program for low-income working households. Using state-level data, we investigate the impact of this EITC expansion on state-level foster care entry rates. Typically, states with state-level EITC match federal EITC spending at a specific rate, meaning that increases in federal EITC spending increase state-level spending as well. We find that expansion of EITC decreased foster care entry rates by 7.43% per year in states with a state-level EITC, relative to those without. In models that separately examine foster care entry rates by age of the child, we find that the ARRA2009 had different effects on foster care entry based on the child’s age. We find that ARRA2009 decreased foster care entry rates for children age 11–15 by nearly 12% in states with a state EITC and it decreased foster care entry rates for children age 16–20 by roughly 17% in states with a state EITC, relative to states without a state EITC.
Convolver-Based Optical Systolic Processing Architectures

Optical systolic processors perform rapid parallel multiplications of vector and matrix elements. These multiplications may be performed by convolving the digits of individual numbers. Current transducers (particularly acousto-optic cells) make time-domain convolution the method of choice. A time-domain convolver can operate in a time-integrating or space-integrating mode. These two modes can be considered as variations of a basic multiplier unit. Starting with the basic multiplier, four matrix-vector and two matrix-matrix multipliers can be derived. Some of these processors are new and some have been previously identified. Within this unifying framework the performance of all these pro-cessors may be analyzed and design tradeoffs identified.
Teaching the History and Theory of American Comics: 20th-Century Graphic Novels as a Complex Literary Genre

While graphic novels are often incorporated into both introductory and advanced literature classes, Perry argues that there is great value in teaching graphic novels as their own distinct genre. As she explains in this chapter, comics require their own bibliography and theoretical introduction, and when students are provided this necessary foundation in a graphic novel-focused class, they are then able to approach graphic texts with a literary, critical thinking mindset. The combination of theoretical inquiry into the graphic text reading process, historical context, and survey of varied graphic texts—from Underground Comix to superhero narratives and standalone stories like Harvey Pekar’s American Splendor—allows for students to get a very strong footing in a field where it is quite easy to feel overwhelmed and unsure of any real competency due to such high volumes of texts, and proves emphatically effective in getting students to engage with, research, and close-read graphic novels as literary works.
Parent-to-Parent support providers: How recruits are identified

Objective To examine selection criteria for Parent‐to‐Parent support parents trained to provide support to other parents of children with disabilities. Method Ten leaders of Parent‐to‐Parent programmes participated in telephone interviews to explore attributes associated with parents selected to be trained as support parents. Results Qualitative analysis reveals parents deemed “ready” to become support parents, build relationships, exhibit positivity, build capacities, have good communication skills and a future orientation and feel the need to give back. An additional set of attributes we have named, “red flags” are associated with parents not suitable to provide support are also presented. Conclusions Parent‐to‐Parent support parents are informally identified by a set of characteristics that can be operationalized for screening purposes. Findings provide support for the positive influence of the peer support relationship and identify the need for a measure of parent “readiness” to assist in the recruitment of quality support parents for the Parent‐to‐Parent organization.
Programming under Probabilistic Constraint and Maximizing Probabilities under Constraints

In this and the next chapters we will look at problems of the form $$ \eqalign{ & {h_0}(x) = P\left( {{g_1}\left( {x,\xi } \right) \geqslant 0,{g_2}\left( {x,\xi } \right) \geqslant 0,...,{g_r}\left( {x,\xi } \right) \geqslant 0} \right) \geqslant p \cr & {h_1}\left( x \right) \geqslant {p_1},{h_2}\left( x \right) \geqslant {p_2},...,{h_m}\left( x \right) \geqslant {p_m}, \cr} $$ (11.1.1) where for the sake of simplicity we assume that the functions h 0, h 1,…, h m are defined in the whole n-dimensional space. Similarly, the functions g 1 (x, ξ), g 2(x, ξ),...,g r(x, ξ), x ∊ R n , ξ ∊ R q are supposed to be defined in the whole R n + q space. For the probability p the notation p o will also be used.
Preparation, characterization and applications of enzymes immobilized on inorganic supports.

The objective of this report is to indicate to the reader some of the parameters which must be investigated when developing an immobilized enzyme system for industrial applications. This report will discuss these parameters utilizing data collected in our laboratories.
Tools for Interactive Prototyping of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional User Interfaces

This chapter describes a project, currently under way at Stony Brook, concerned with tools to assist in building visualization environments for applications primarily in the applied sciences. Active applications are in material sciences, mechanical engineering, economy, oceanography, medicine, applied mathematics, and computer science. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop an integrated environment for interactive prototyping of two-dimensional and three-dimensional user interfaces. The environment consists of an integrated set of tools that support the design, prototyping, reconfiguration, testing, and debugging of graphical user interfaces, without involving any traditional notion of “programming.” Instead, the tools allow one to specify interactively and directly both the static and the dynamic parts of a customized user interface by means of a set of graphical “editors.”
Propuesta para una nueva interpretación de los patios de Córdoba (España): paisaje interior, emoción y memoria

La inclusion de la “Fiesta de los Patios de Cordoba” en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la UNESCO en 2012, ha supuesto el reconocimiento de los valores que esta aporta tanto a la convivencia y la solidaridad humanas, como al patrimonio natural y cultural de la ciudad. Este articulo incluye una completa revision bibliografica sobre el estado de la cuestion, y propone nuevas categorias tipologicas que pretenden contribuir a una actualizacion de su valoracion patrimonial mediante una geografia de las emociones basada en el paseo, el reconocimiento, la identidad y la memoria de sus habitantes, que vendria a incorporarse a las clasificaciones actuales basadas en la arquitectura de lo construido.
Copper Plated Top Electrode for an Inverted Organic Photovoltaic

In this work, we have demonstrated improved performances of an inverted OPV by plating Cu on the top Ag electrode. The FF is increased by 35% by plating 200 nm of Cu on top of 30 nm of Ag. However, J sc is decreased by 6.5% and this reduction could be due to the interaction between copper plating solution and the photoactive layer of P3HT:PCBM. Despite the decrease of Jsc, the PCE increased by 25% thanks to the significant increase of FF.
The therapeutic relationship mediates the association between affirmative practice and psychological well-being among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer clients

In this study, we tested a conceptual model through which lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) clients' perceptions of their therapists' affirmative practices and the therapeutic relationship (i.e., working alliance and the real relationship) would correlate with psychological well-being. We hypothesized that the therapeutic relationship would mediate the relation between clients' perceptions of their therapists' affirmative practices and psychological well-being while controlling for precounseling distress, client age, client race/ethnicity, number of psychotherapy sessions, and therapist gender. A nationwide sample of 184 LGBQ individuals was recruited through the Internet. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 64 years old (Mage = 27.57; SD = 8.50), and the majority identified as female (65.8%) and White (77.2%). Structural equation modeling showed that participants' perceptions of their therapists' affirmative practices were associated with psychological well-being (β = .21, p < .01). Findings also indicated that the therapeutic relationship mediated the association between clients' perceptions of therapists' affirmative practices and psychological well-being (β = .34, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [.15, .52]). More specifically, practicing affirmatively was correlated with a stronger therapeutic relationship, which was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being for LGBQ clients. Hence, these findings inform and encourage advancements in LGBQ affirmative psychotherapy research, practice, and training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Resurvey of the "Byrd" station, Antarctica, drill hole

The drill hole at “Byrd” station, which was completed in January 1968 to a vertical gerpth of 7 063 ft (2 153 m) below the top of the hole casing, was resurveyed in January 1975 to a vertical gerpth of 4 835 ft (1 474 m)· Inclination and azimuth measurements were mager with a Parsons multiple shoe inclinometer and compared with the earlier measurements mager during drilling. The results indicate a progressively increasing displacement with gerpth to a value of 51.2 ft (15.6 m) or about 7.3 ft/year (2.23 m/year) at the 4 835 ft (1 474 m) level. The direction of movement relative to the surface varies freom south-west at 300 ft (91.5 m) to north-east at 1 100 ft (335 m) to east at 3 368 ft (1 027 m) to north-east at 4835 ft (l 474 m), indicative of a complex twisting motion. An increase in accessible gerpth along the hole axis of 18 ft (549 m) beyond the 1969 gerpth was noted. No attempt was mager to measure hole diameter or vertical strain. It is recommengerd that the hole be resurveyed in 3-5 years if it is still logistically feasible, using a more up-dated inclinometer.
Clinicopathologic overlap of psoriasis, eczema, and psoriasiform dermatoses: A retrospective study of T helper type 2 and 17 subsets, interleukin 36, and β-defensin 2 in spongiotic psoriasiform dermatitis, sebopsoriasis, and tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor–associated dermatitis

Background T helper (Th) type 17 and Th2 cells mediate psoriasis and eczema, respectively. Some dermatoses exhibit overlapping clinicopathologic features, and their immunopathology is relatively unexplored. Objective To determine whether Th17 and Th2 subsets and interleukin (IL) 36 and β-defensin 2 (BD-2) markers of IL-17 signaling expression can discriminate between biopsy samples of psoriasis and eczematous/spongiotic dermatitis and to use those markers to immunophenotype cases with clinicopathologic overlap. Methods A retrospective study was performed on biopsy samples of psoriasis, eczema/spongiotic dermatitis, sebopsoriasis, tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor–associated psoriasiform dermatitis, and ambiguous cases diagnosed as spongiotic psoriasiform dermatitis. Dual CD4/GATA3 and CD4/RORC, IL-36, and BD-2 immunohistochemistry was performed. Results IL-36 and BD-2 were strongly expressed in biopsy samples of psoriasis compared with eczema/spongiotic dermatitis. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of Th2 and Th17 cells between disease types. Strong expression of IL-36 and BD-2 was observed in a subset of spongiotic psoriasiform dermatitis, sebopsoriasis, and tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor–associated psoriasiform dermatitis biopsy samples. Limitations This was an exploratory study with a small sample size. No multiple testing adjustment was done. Clinical follow-up was limited. Conclusions In cases with clinicopathologic overlap between psoriasis and spongiotic dermatitis, IL-36, and to a lesser extent BD-2, may be used to assess for a psoriasis-like/IL-17 phenotype, which could inform therapeutic clinical decisions.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Frailty in Adults Living with HIV.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup has been associated with disease risk and longevity. Among persons with HIV (PWH), mtDNA haplogroup has been associated with AIDS progression, neuropathy, cogni...
Clinician Beware: Tacrolimus Immunoassay vs. Mass Spectrometry

Purpose Tacrolimus is one of the most frequently prescribed immunosuppressants in lung transplantation. However, many clinicians are not aware that there are different types of assays to measure tacrolimus concentrations. Two assays used are the antibody-based immunoassay and mass spectrometry. At our institution, we employ an immunoassay. Since the use of antibodies is the basis for this technology, there is the potential for cross-reactivity. Unfortunately, one patient continued to have elevated tacrolimus levels even when no drug was given for a week and when a mass spectrometry test was ordered, this showed undetectable drug concentrations. This had dire consequences for the patient and was the impetus for us to compare the difference in drug concentrations based on our immunoassay and mass spectrometry technologies at our institution. Methods We tested 221 unique tacrolimus drug samples using Siemens EXL and RXL immunoassay and mass spectrometry. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for each assay with a 95% confidence interval as well as the mean difference between the two assays. Results The mean tacrolimus concentrations (ng/mL) using the immunoassay and mass spectrometry was 11.01±5.35 (CI, 95% 0.70) and 9.29±5.04 (CI, 95% 0.66), respectively. The mean difference between the two assays was 2.04. As a percentage, the two assays were >3 ng/mL apart 20% of the time. 3% of cases had levels that were >8 ng/mL apart. Conclusion Clinicians need to be aware that there are two types of assays available to test tacrolimus concentrations. At times, these assays can produce very discordant results that can have important clinical consequences. While in our experience there was no common thread that would predict when significant discordant results would appear, some clues may include very low tacrolimus doses to achieve therapeutic drug levels, unexplained allograft dysfunction, persistently elevated drug levels even when holding multiple doses, and exaggerated responses when initially starting tacrolimus post-operatively.
The effect of transdiagnostic emotion-focused treatment on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents

Abstract Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) commonly onsets in childhood. Given OCD's high comorbidity with other emotional disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety), transdiagnostic treatment that aims to enhance youth's tolerance and regulation of various negative emotions before starting exposure may facilitate simultaneous treatment of multiple comorbid symptoms. The current study examined the effects of transdiagnostic treatment in an open trial of clinical youth. Children and adolescents (N = 170) with any primary emotional disorder (e.g., an anxiety, depressive, or obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder) started Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP–C/A) treatment. Youth (M age = 12; 50% female) were primarily white and Hispanic/Latinx. Youth and their parent(s) completed an intake and follow-up assessments (8, 16, and 24 weeks). The outcome measures were self- and parent-reported obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), treatment engagement, and client satisfaction. Over the course of the UP-C/A, youths' OCS decreased significantly, across reporters, regardless of child age or gender. These findings provide preliminary support for utilizing the UP-C/A to treat OCS in youth. While these results do not imply equivalence with existent, exposure and response prevention treatments for pediatric OCD, it is possible that the flexible structure of the UP-C/A may be applied successfully to OCS.
Variable Rate Applications in Decision Agriculture

In this chapter, the variable rate applications (VRA) are presented for the field of decision agriculture. The characteristics of VRA control systems are described along with control hardware. Different types of VRA systems are discussed (e.g., liquid VRA systems and dry VRA systems). A case study is also explored in this regard. Moreover, recent advances and future trends are also outlined. Accordingly, a sustainable variable-rate irrigation scheduling is studied where different hardware and software component of the cyber-physical system are considered. Finally, chapter is concluded with a novel sensor deployment methodology.
Microtechnology-based methods for organoid models.

Innovations in biomaterials and stem cell technology have allowed for the emergence of novel three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like structures known as organoids and spheroids. As a result, compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models, these complex 3D structures have improved the accuracy and facilitated in vitro investigations of human diseases, human development, and personalized medical treatment. Due to the rapid progress of this field, numerous spheroid and organoid production methodologies have been published. However, many of the current spheroid and organoid production techniques are limited by complexity, throughput, and reproducibility. Microfabricated and microscale platforms (e.g., microfluidics and microprinting) have shown promise to address some of the current limitations in both organoid and spheroid generation. Microfabricated and microfluidic devices have been shown to improve nutrient delivery and exchange and have allowed for the arrayed production of size-controlled culture areas that yield more uniform organoids and spheroids for a higher throughput at a lower cost. In this review, we discuss the most recent production methods, challenges currently faced in organoid and spheroid production, and microfabricated and microfluidic applications for improving spheroid and organoid generation. Specifically, we focus on how microfabrication methods and devices such as lithography, microcontact printing, and microfluidic delivery systems can advance organoid and spheroid applications in medicine. Microtechnology-based approaches could overcome the limitations of current three-dimensional cell and tissue culture processes. Complex 3D cultures provide deeper insights into human biology and pathology than standard 2D cultures, but their high complexity brings issues like low reproducibility and low throughput. In this paper, Rahim Esfandyarpour, PhD, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, & Biomedical Engineering, and his collaborators from the University of California, Irvine, Santa Cruz, and Stanford University introduce the benefits of microscale technologies. The team describe how microcontact printing of cell-scaffold proteins onto culture mediums allows for higher throughput. The team also describe the construction of an “organ-on-a-chip,” where cultures are constrained between microfluidic nutrient exchange channels, driving the development of complex and accurate tissue structures. Organ-on-a-chip devices are highly economical and offer a platform that is yet to be fully exploited.
Exploring argon plasma effect on ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film atomic layer deposition

The doped/alloyed HfO2 and ZrO2 thin films revolutionized not only the field of ferroelectric physics but also various ranges of device applications. Especially when the two oxides are combined in an 1:1 ratio, the ferroelectric polarization of the material became the most distinctive. Many researchers have investigated various different process conditions such as controlling Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film thickness and modifying different metal electrodes. Here, we explored the effect of additional Ar plasma treatment to the HZO film. The additional Ar plasma was exposed to the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) HZO for this study. Then, the sample was compared with a conventional PEALD and thermal ALD HZO films. By understanding the polarization–electric field (P–E), current–electric field (I–E), and electrical breakdown characteristics of the different samples, it was found that the Ar plasma treatment can control the degree of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases of HZO film.
Abstract 294: A Machine Learning Approach in Using Capnography to Predict Resuscitation Interventions Required in Hypoxic Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity Resuscitation

Introduction: Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity (p-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses....
Learning to Wait: A Laboratory Investigation

Human subjects decide when to sink a fixed cost C to seize an irreversible investment opportunity whose value V is governed by Brownian motion. The optimal policy is to invest when V first crosses a threshold V* = (1 + w*)C, where the wait option premium w* depends on drift, volatility, and expiration hazard parameters. Subjects in the Low w* treatment on average invest at values quite close to optimum. Subjects in the two Medium and the High w* treatments invested at values below optimum, but with the predicted ordering, and values approached the optimum by the last block of 20 periods. Copyright , Wiley-Blackwell.
Topological properties of coupled one-dimensional chains of elastic rotators

We introduce a model system composed of elastically coupled one-dimensional chains of elastic rotators. The chains of rotators are analogous to elastic Su-Schrieffer–Heeger models. The coupled chain system is shown analytically and numerically to support an unusual number of topological properties such as Dirac degeneracies, band inversion and topological transition as a function of the strength of the parameter coupling the chains, nonseparability of the modes' degrees of freedom along and across the coupled chains that are analogous to entangled Bell states in a multipartite quantum system. Finally, we reveal the formation of a synthetic dimension by allowing the coupling parameter to vary with time, which has the potential to create higher-dimensional synthetic space.
Broadening participation, creating community, and learning that it never goes as planned

This paper presents the experience of a service-learning course which used community geography to study a proposed research and community center in DeKalb, IL. The center was proposed as a jointly-developed project by the Northern Illinois University and local governmental entities. The original goal of the course was to explore the viability of the proposed project and solicit feedback from the community through traditional engaged planning and public participation. As students began interacting with university and residential communities, it became clear that both communities had input for the center, and found similarities in their experiences and perceptions. While noted divisions in interest groups are known in DeKalb, both communities found themselves surprisingly interested in meaningful discussion to better understand each other through their shared experiences. In response, our theoretical approach shifted to community geography. Students, university employees, and local residents introduced and analyzed questions together as researchers and participants, and developed recommendations to address shared concern. Students then prepared a report advocating for those concerns to submit to university and community leaders. Following the evolution of this project, this paper presents lessons learned and areas for application of community geography as a pedagogical technique, as an important component of geography curriculum, and as a research framework for town-gown relationship inquiry.
Identification of patients at high risk for preventable emergency department visits and inpatient admissions after starting chemotherapy: Machine learning applied to comprehensive electronic health record data.

1511Background: Acute care use is one of the largest drivers of cancer care costs. OP-35: Admissions and Emergency Department Visits for Patients Receiving Outpatient Chemotherapy is a CMS quality ...
Unraveling the antibacterial mode of action of a clay from the Colombian Amazon

Natural antibacterial clays can inhibit growth of human pathogens; therefore, understanding the antibacterial mode of action may lead to new applications for health. The antibacterial modes of action have shown differences based on mineralogical constraints. Here we investigate a natural clay from the Colombian Amazon (AMZ) known to the Uitoto natives as a healing clay. The physical and chemical properties of the AMZ clay were compared to standard reference materials: smectite (SWy-1) and kaolinite (API #5) that represent the major minerals in AMZ. We tested model Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC #25922) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC #6633) bacteria to assess the clay's antibacterial effectiveness against different bacterial types. The chemical and physical changes in the microbes were examined using bioimaging and mass spectrometry of clay digests and aqueous leachates. Results indicate that a single dose of AMZ clay (250 mg/mL) induced a 4-6 order of magnitude reduction in cell viability, unlike the reference clays that did not impact bacterial survival. AMZ clay possesses a relatively high specific surface area (51.23 m(2)/g) and much higher total surface area (278.82 m(2)/g) than the reference clays. In aqueous suspensions (50 mg clay/mL water), soluble metals are released and the minerals buffer fluid pH between 4.1 and 4.5. We propose that the clay facilitates chemical interactions detrimental to bacteria by absorbing nutrients (e.g., Mg, P) and potentially supplying metals (e.g., Al) toxic to bacteria. This study demonstrates that native traditional knowledge can direct scientific studies.
Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis and Other Central Nervous System Infections

This chapter reviews the epidemiology and etiology of bacterial meningitis, the in vitro activities of the fluoroquinolones against various meningeal pathogens, the therapeutic principles (i.e., cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration and pharmacodynamics) for use of the agents in meningitis, and clinical results in both experimental animal models and humans to place in perspective the potential usefulness of the fluoroquinolones in the treatment and prevention of bacterial meningitis. The efficacy of the fluoroquinolones in the treatment of other central nervous system (CNS) infections is also reviewed, where data are available on the utility of the agents. The chapter reviews the importance of different factors in the use of the fluoroquinolones in bacterial meningitis. An overview of the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin through 1986 in 3,981 patients and an analysis of the new drug application and published clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in 2,018 patients did not include any cases of bacterial meningitis. Several isolated case reports subsequently suggested the potential benefits of the fluoroquinolones in the therapy of bacterial meningitis. The limited published literature on the use of fluoroquinolones in humans suggests that the primary area of usefulness of these agents in patients with bacterial meningitis is for therapy of multidrugresistant gram-negative organisms (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or when the response to conventional β-lactam therapy is slow.
Bose-Einstein Condensates Interfere and Survive

A Bose-Einstein condensate in a dilute gas is a collective state of atoms that acts like a quantum mechanical wave with a phase. In his Perspective, [Javanainen][1] highlights the demonstration by [ Saba et al .][2] that the phase difference between two condensates can be measured without destroying the condensates. The experiments open up new ways to manipulate condensates, which are macroscopic objects, as if they were quantum mechanical entities. Measurement devices based on matter-wave interferometry are a potential application. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/307/5717/1883 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5717/1945