cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Médicaments antiplaquettaires: anciennes et nouvelles thérapies

Il s’avere que les medicaments antiplaquettaires ameliorent les resultats chez les patients presentant une maladie cardio-vasculaire. L’inhibiteur ideal plaquettaire serait rapide et reversible et aurait une reponse universelle, un excellent profil de surete, et des avantages prouves. Les medicaments antiplaquettaires actuellement disponibles ont montres une reponse variable chez les patients. A la lumiere de cette resistance medicamenteuse, des therapies nouvelles pour empecher l’agregation plaquettaire sont a l’etude. Nous passons en revue les medicaments antiplaquettaires actuellement disponibles et l’etat actuel de ces therapies nouvelles.
Predicting Cost of Poor Quality and Reliability for Systems Using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a design tool that mitigates risks during the design phase before they occur. Although many industries use the traditional FMEA technique, it has many limitations and problems. Traditional FMEA identifies failure modes with high risk but does not consider the consequences in terms of cost, which could lead to unnecessarily expensive solutions. We have used a new methodology, “Life Cost-Based FMEA,” which measures risk of failure in terms of cost to compare two different technologies that might be used for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) magnets: electromagnets or permanent magnets. We derived the availability estimates for the two different types of magnet systems using empirical data from Stanford Linear Accelerator Center’s (SLAC) accelerator failure database as well as expert opinions on permanent magnet failure modes and industry standard failure data. We can predict the labor and material costs to repair magnet failures using a Monte Carlo simulation of all possible magnet failures over a 30-year lifetime. Our goal is to maximize up-time of the NLC through magnet design improvements and the optimal combination of electromagnets and permanent magnets, while reducing magnet system lifecycle costs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Evidence for an irreversible interaction of bromocryptine with central dopamine receptors

The effects of the dopamine agonist bromocryptine on several measures dopaminergic function were assessed in the rat. Following inhibition of impulse flow with γ-butyrolactone, and after dopa decarboxylase inhibition, dopa accumulation and its reversal by dopamine agonists is easily studied. In this model, bromocryptine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant decrease in dopa accumulation in both the striatum and olfactory tubercle which was prevented, but not reversed, by the dopamine antagonist (+)-butaclamol (4 mg/mg, i.p.). The inactive isomer, (−)-butaclamol was without effect. Analysis of in vitro 3H-spiperone binding 2 h after bromocryptine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) revealed a 30% decrease in the number of striatal dopamine receptors labelled (Bmax), with no change in receptor affinity for 3H-spiperone. No changes in binding were seen when animals were sacrificed 30 min or 48 h after bromocryptine. In extracellular single unit recording experiments, bromocryptine-induced depression of nigrostriatal dopamine cell firing was found to be largely reversible by the dopamine antagonist haloperidol when injected within 5 min of intravenous bromocryptine. However, when haloperidol was injected more than 20 min after bromocryptine, no reversal of bromocryptine-induced depression of cell firing was obtained. These results strongly suggest that bromocryptine interacts in an irreversible fashion with central dopaminergic receptors.
Ectodermal P2X receptor function plays a pivotal role in craniofacial development of the zebrafish

P2X receptors are non-selective cation channels operated by extracellular ATP. Currently, little is known concerning the functions of these receptors during development. Previous work from our lab has shown that zebrafish have two paralogs of the mammalian P2X3 receptor subunit. One paralog, p2rx3.1, is expressed in subpopulations of neural and ectodermal cells in the embryonic head. To investigate the role of this subunit in early cranial development, we utilized morpholino oligonucleotides to disrupt its translation. Loss of this subunit resulted in craniofacial defects that included malformation of the pharyngeal skeleton. During formation of these structures, there was a marked increase in cell death within the branchial arches. In addition, the epibranchial (facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagal) cranial sensory ganglia and their circuits were perturbed. These data suggest that p2rx3.1 function in ectodermal cells is involved in purinergic signaling essential for proper craniofacial development and sensory circuit formation in the embryonic and larval zebrafish.
Detection of protease inhibitors in the hemolymph of resistant Anticarsia gemmatalis which are inhibitory to the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi

A complex of protease inhibitor activities has been detected in the hemolymph of the 6th instarAnticarsia gemmatalis larvae that are resistant to infection by the fungusNomuraea rileyi. A site-specific serine protease inhibitor extracted fromA. gemmatalis hemolymph inhibits both the germination ofN. rileyi conidia and subsequent germ tube development.
Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics: Finding the other players in insect cold tolerance

Introduction Our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of insect cold-hardiness relies on a rich history of discovery that has revealed the presence of cryoprotective agents, antifreeze proteins, ice-nucleating proteins, heat-shock proteins and modifications of the cell membrane. Such discoveries have usually targeted select metabolites, proteins, or fatty acids, and have successfully revealed the identity of many key agents that protect insects from injury at low temperature, yet we suspect that, in many cases, additional protective agents may be involved. In some cases this may mean the potential discovery of entirely new cryoprotective agents or discovery of roles for a multitude of chemical modifications that may accompany a change in a single compound that has already been well documented. This is indeed the power of the “-omics” approach, discovery of large-scale changes at levels of the transcript (genomics or transcriptomics), protein (proteomics), or metabolites (metabolomics). These approaches are especially good for seeing the big picture. What novel genes or gene pathways are turned on or off? What proteins are uniquely synthesized or post-translationally modified in respond to the cold? What is the full range of metabolic change that occurs in response to cold, and what metabolic pathways are affected? These are the sorts of questions that can be uniquely answered by genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Clearly, all of these approaches mark, not the end of the discovery phase, but the beginning.
Regulation of cutaneous wound healing by growth factors

Abstract This paper reviews the roles of growth factors in the events of cutaneous wound healing. General categories of growth factors (mitogens, chemoattractants, angiogenesis factors and angiogenesis inhibitors) are defined, and the effects of specific growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, basic and acid fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta) on granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, angiogenesis, wound breaking strength, and wound contraction are discussed. In addition, animal and human models used in studying the interactions between growth factors and the cells and tissues associated with cutaneous wound healing are described.
Nonhuman Primate Behavior: A Note on Recent Research

Recent publications dealing with nonhuman primate social behavior suggest that Service's discussion of that topic in The Hunters is in need of extensive revision, and that Damas's (AA 71:315–316) recently expressed admiration for the discussion is unfortunate. Short paragraphs based on readily available references summarize findings that have appeared since The Hunters was published and indicate where Service's generalizations concerning species specific social organization, sexual seasonality, dominance orders, and territoriality are in greatest need of updating. [Primate social behavior; hunter-gatherers; ecological studies]
Measures of Obesity Associated with Asthma Diagnosis in Ethnic Minority Children

Objective. The study objective was to examine relationships between different body size measurements and asthma in ethnic minority children. Methods. We used data from a community-based study of 505 children aged 6-to-8 years old to study the association of percent body fat, fat distribution, and BMI percentile with asthma diagnosis. Poisson regression models were used to compute prevalence ratios (PRs) for sex-specific quintiles of the body fat measures on the main outcome of asthma. Results. When comparing the highest quintile of each body fat measure to the combined lowest two quintiles, higher body mass index percentile, percent body fat, and waist circumference all were associated with a higher likelihood of physician-diagnosed asthma (PR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.12–2.39), 1.50 (95% CI 1.02–2.21), and 1.56 (95% CI 1.04–2.34), resp.). Conclusions. This study found a significant association between increased body size and asthma diagnosis, regardless of the measurement examined.
Early Results of Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction with a Modified Biological Conduit

We implanted 112 glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine carotid artery grafts (BioPolyMeric™ [BPM]) for infrainguinal reconstruction in 107 legs of 98 patients. Indications for surgery were disabling claudication in 28%, rest pain in 33% and tissue loss in 39%. In 32%, BPM bypass followed failed ipsilateral reconstruction. Autologous vein was either absent or inadequate in 60% of cases. BPM was used preferentially over vein in above-knee bypasses. The distal anastomosis was to the above-knee popliteal artery in 40%, to the below-knee popliteal artery in 35%, and to the tibial arteries in 25%. Follow-up was available from one to 25 months, with a mean of nine months. Wound complications developed after 9% of operations, including seven (6%) graft infections. Both patent grafts that became infected were salvaged. Four patients (4%) died within 60 days of surgery due to cardiac complications. Life-table primary and secondary patencies of all grafts were 64% and 65% at one year, and 48% and 62% at two years, respectively. The only factor significantly affecting graft patency was the location of the distal anastomosis (p<.01). Primary patencies at one and two years to the above-knee popliteal artery were 90% and 80%, to the below-knee popliteal artery were 56% and 37%, and to the infrapopliteal arteries were 34% and 26%. Bypass to 16% of extremities resulted in amputation, including 5% that were amputated with patent grafts. No limb loss occurred as a result of operation for claudication. In conclusion, BPM grafts provide early results comparable to saphenous vein above the knee. Future randomization with synthetic grafts is necessary to define the role of BPM grafts below the knee.
Mu-Mesonic Molecules. I. Three-Body Problem

An approximate method is developed for treating a generalized hydrogen-molecule ion in which two heavy particles have positive unit charges and one light particle has a negative unit charge. The expansion parameter of this approximation is the ratio of the light to the heavy mass. In first order, the method requires finding a solution to a pair of ordinary, second-order differential equations, which are coupled unless the masses of the heavy particles are equal. Explicit expressions for the coefficients in these equations are derived. The asymptotic forms of these coefficients for large nuclear separations give to first order the reduced-mas corrections to the binding energy of the light particle on either of the two heavy particles. The usual scattering theory is extended to obtain formulas for the various possible cross sections associated with this system. An iterative, variational technique for obtaining eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for bound states of the system is presented.
Differential expression and/or activation of P38MAPK, erk1/2, and jnk during the initiation and progression of prostate cancer.

Background Members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family are capable of transducing signals from a wide variety of stimuli, including growth factors, G-protein coupled receptors, and cytokines that are likely to play a role in the initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer. Methods The expression and activation of three members of the MAPK family, namely, erk, jnk, and p38MAPK was examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry during tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer. Results Activation of p38MAPK was significantly elevated (2.3-fold) in well-differentiated prostatic tumors compared to normal controls. Furthermore, prostatic intraepithelial neoplastic (PIN) lesions expressing activated p38MAPK were observed to be proliferative rather than apoptotic. Expression of activated erk1/2 also preferentially co-located to a sub-population of epithelial cells within PIN lesions that correlated with Ki67 expression. In dramatic contrast, activated forms of erk1/2, jnk, and p38MAPK were reduced or absent in late stage adenocarcinomas and metastatic deposits. Conclusions Erk1/2, jnk, and p38MAPKs are differentially expressed and/or activated during prostate cancer progression. Activation of both erk1/2 and p38MAPK occurs concomitant with prostatic epithelial cell proliferation and the initiation of prostate cancer while inactivation is contemporaneous with the emergence of the poorly differentiated metastatic and androgen-independent phenotype. Prostate 55: 128–139, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Learner-Centered Student Course Portfolio

In this short paper the author tries to explain how a learner-centered student course portfolio has helped him to document the educational outcomes. The author has taught and is currently teaching the subject matter of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Fluid Mechanics at an undergraduate level. Here the author tries to correlate the assessment of student learning to the assessment of instructor teaching methodologies. It is well known that industry is in need of employees that are committed to long-term development and continuous improvement. The key element here is to recognize the fundamental concept that teaching and learning are connected and therefore it is essential that the interaction between the instructor and learner is properly documented in the portfolio. (Cerbin, 1994). While addressing these issues, the author raises five questions: 1. What should be counted as appropriate goals in an undergraduate engineering course that has a significant laboratory component? 2. Are the teaching practices utilized by the instructor in this course providing reasonably acceptable paths toward accomplishing the specified learning goals? 3. What do students actually accomplish in the course and the laboratory exercises and how does the instructor’s teaching methodologies contribute to students’ intellectual development and progress? 4. How does the instructor respond to students’ learning difficulties? Does the teacher revise the teaching strategies to address such problems? 5. What impact does this type of teaching have on students’ life-long learning attitudes? Are they able to “learn, how to learn.” A course portfolio is deemed as a specified document that represents the specific accomplishments of the student and is structured to explain what, how and why the students learnt in that particular course. The portfolio shall include everything that was accomplished in that particular course. It should contain a teaching statement that provides a flow-chart. (Knapper, 1995). Further, an assessment analysis of student learning should be supported by class work, problem sets, quizzes, examinations, research reports, term papers, examinations, laboratory reports, etc. An analysis of student feedback is essential to document teaching effectiveness. Finally, a comprehensive course summary. The summary should describe the strengths and weaknesses of the course in terms of students’ learning. (Richlin, 1995).Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Dopamine: Burning the Candle at Both Ends

Dopamine neurons are well known for signaling reward-prediction errors. In this issue, Matsumoto and Takada (2013) show that some dopamine neurons also signal salient events during progression through a visual search task requiring working memory and sustained attention.
The Kentucky Initiative in Health Services Contracting: The Search for Contracting of Outcomes Measures

Abstract This article is based on a research project that provided information and recommendations to the Kentucky Cabinet for Health Services concerning contracting for health services to help enhance contracting practices. The health agencies of many states have expended considerable effort to enhance their contracting practices, particularly in the areas of performance measurement, results reporting, and the use of web-based systems for contracting activities, collecting data, and reporting results. The motivation for improving the collection of performance measures is principally driven by the need to better assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of programs and to meet federal grant requirements and the performance based budgeting requirements being implemented by many states. States appear to be adopting a variety of strategies. Some states have implemented performance measurement and reporting systems (such as report cards). Other states have implemented strategies of how to improve performance...
The IPS cryptographic programs

Cryptographic methods of data protection have taken on new importance as computers have become faster and as strong cryptographic algorithms, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), have become available. But a standard encipherment technique is only the first step in applying cryptography in a computing center. This paper discusses the Information Protection System (IPS), a set of cryptographic application programs designed to use the DES algorithm in a working computing center. In designing IPS, several important augmentations of DES were formulated. IPS was first implemented to help increase computing-center security at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and is now widely installed at other IBM locations. IPS is not an IBM product and is not available for use outside IBM, but many cryptographic techniques in IPS were incorporated into the IBM cryptographic products announced in 1977.
Protein synthesis requirements for the first two cleavages in sea urchin eggs

Abstract Complete inhibition of protein synthesis with puromycin does not always result in the arrest of the first cleavage. The percentage of cells that divide increases as puromycin treatment is delayed. In any batch of fertilized eggs (even from the same female) some eggs complete their required protein before others. The different time required to complete the synthesis of proteins necessary for the first cleavage may indicate that the amount of these proteins varies in the eggs even before fertilization. The second cleavage, however, is completely dependent on the protein synthesis that takes place after fertilization.
Controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening and labor induction

Labor is induced in approximately 20% of pregnancies in Europe and North America. Labor induction in patients with an unfavorable cervix is associated with a higher incidence of prolonged labor and higher rates of operative and cesarean delivery. Prostaglandins used for cervical ripening lead to shorter labor, less use of oxytocin and a greater likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h. Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2) has been used since the 1970’s and is recognized as an agent that not only results in cervical ripening but also activates myometrial contractility. A proprietary sustained- and controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert releases a continuous dose of dinoprostone for 12 h and has been shown to decrease the time to vaginal delivery compared with placebo. This controlled-release insert has been compared with various prostaglandin agents and provides safe and efficacious cervical ripening in women with an unfavorable cervix.
Fabrication and characterization of nanoelectrode arrays formed via block copolymer self-assembly

A novel approach to highly ordered and modular nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) has been developed using block copolymer self-assembly. Variable scan rate cyclic voltammetry studies were performed to characterize the NEA. At low scan rates, the NEA behaves similar to a macroelectrode, while at high scan rates the nanoelectrodes act independently. This is an important feature for real-time in vivo sensing and other electroanalytical applications.
Phase-sensitive detection of spin pumping via the ac inverse spin Hall effect.

We use a phase-sensitive, quantitative technique to separate inductive and ac inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) voltages observed in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{81}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{19}/\text{normal}$ metal multilayers under the condition of ferromagnetic resonance. For ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{81}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{19}/\mathrm{Pt}$ thin film bilayers and at microwave frequencies from 7 to 20 GHz, we observe an ac ISHE magnitude that is much larger than that expected from the dc spin Hall angle ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}_{\mathrm{SH}}^{\mathrm{Pt}}=0.1$. Furthermore, at these frequencies, we find an unexpected, $\ensuremath{\approx}110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ phase of the ac ISHE signal relative to the in-plane component of the resonant magnetization precession. We attribute our findings to a dominant intrinsic ac ISHE in Pt.
Conversion of progesterone to deoxycorticosterone in guinea pig spleen: an animal model for the study of steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in extra adrenal sites.

Abstract Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity has been demonstrated, previously, in microsome-enriched fractions prepared from a number of human fetal tissues. The finding that this enzyme activity was present in thymus and spleen is suggestive of the possibility that deoxycorticosterone is important in regulation of immunological processes. In the present investigation, we characterized steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in microsome-enriched preparations of guinea pig spleen. The activity of the enzyme was linear with time for 40 min and with protein concentrations up to 4.8 mg × ml −1 incubation mixture. The apparent K m of the enzyme for progesterone was 0.405 νM. Thus, the potential exists for the biosynthesis of DOC from progesterone in the spleen of the guinea pig as well as in the spleen of the human fetus. Therefore, the guinea pig may be an appropriate animal model for the study of the regulation of steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in the spleen as well as a model for the study of the role of this enzyme in immunologie processes.
Global values chains and networks in dialogue with consumption and social movements

In this paper we explore the strengths and limitations of Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis and the concomitant merits of transaction cost and convention theory frames of references. We first situate GVC analysis against the background of an earlier filiere approach in the Latin American context explaining the demise of this latter and the subsequent rise of chain-based research in the very different conditions of deregulation and globalisation. It is argued that transaction cost and convention contributions are eminently complementary when focusing on the mechanics of economic coordination within particular supply systems. When broader conflicting value systems are in question, however, convention analysis is more able to account for the dynamic of collective action and the network rather than chain configuration this assumes. The transition of the informal economy to artisan niche market status and the current centrality of consumption are discussed as two phenomena illustrating the relative strengths of a convention-based analysis.
Molecular Imaging of a Micropatterned Biological Ligand on an Activated Polymer Surface

We report here molecular characterization of a new method derived from reactive microcontact printingmicrostamping on an activated polymer surface (MAPS)which enables biological ligands and proteins to be patterned on a polymer surface with a spatial resolution of at least 5 μm and good reproducibility. MAPS is a multistep procedure: first, the surface of a polymer is modified, in one or more steps, to introduce a reactive group of interest. In a subsequent step, an elastomeric stamp, inked with a biological ligand containing a complementary terminal reactive group, is brought into contact with the activated surface of the polymer. This results in spatially resolved transfer and coupling of the biological ligand to the reactive surface of the polymer. We used MAPS to pattern biotin on carboxylic acid derivatized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and subsequently with streptavidin, mediated by the high affinity streptavidin−biotin interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of biotin-derivatized PET s...
Colonic washout enemas for persistent constipation in children with recurrent urinary tract infections based on dysfunctional voiding.

OBJECTIVES To describe the use of colonic washout enemas for persistent constipation in children treated for dysfunctional voiding by cognitive and biofeedback training. METHODS We treated 50 children, who had dysfunctional voiding and persistent dilatation of the rectum notwithstanding adequate oral laxatives, with colonic washout enemas. We performed retrograde filling of the rectum with 20 mL/kg water, starting once daily for 2 weeks, then 3 times per week for 6 to 12 months. RESULTS During the 6-month follow-up, 30 children were free from urinary tract infections. In 20 children we observed partial relief of complaints. On ultrasound all children showed a normalized diameter of the rectum. In 33 patients washout treatment could be stopped with continuing success. Relapse of a distended rectum triggered the need for chronic intermittent enema therapy in 17 patients. A few patients reported pain during enema treatment; otherwise, we noted no counter-effect. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional voiding combined with constipation in children can be cured by washout enemas if oral laxatives fail.
Plane strain asymptotic fields of a crack growing along an elastic-elastic power-law creeping bi-material interface

Plane strain asymptotic stress and strain fields near the tip of a crack growing quasi-statically along the interface of a linear elastic and an incompressible elastic power law creeping material is studied. The solutions for the stress and strain fields are found to be in the separable forms, γij, ∼aBE+r1(n−1)γij(θ,n,β) and ϵij ∼ aBE+r1(n−1)ϵij(θ,n,β), whenn ⩾ 3. Heren and B are the power law creeping exponent and coefficient respectively, E+ and E− are moduli of elasticity of the elastic-creeping and elastic materials, β = E+E−, r is the radial distance from the moving tip and θ is the angle measured from the interface. The amplitude of the field is determined by the crack tip velocity, a, and material parameters. The angular functions \gsij(θ, n, β) and \geij exhibit only two modes, one of which is close to pure mode I and the other one is close to pure mode II ; arbitrary mode mixity cannot be prescribed. For a given β, there is a corresponding n, close to n = 3, at which the two solutions coalesce into one. Below this value of n no real separable solution exists. We also studied the special case of a quasi-statically growing crack in a homogeneous elastic power law creeping material. We find that only pure modes I and II are possible near the tip, and the amplitude of the field is determined by a and material parameters. Thus the near tip field is independent of the far field loading conditions for both the bi-material and the homogeneous cases. For 1⩽n< 3, the elastic strain dominates the creep strain so that the near tip stress field of the growing interface crack is given by the classical bimaterial complex K field and therefore has an oscillatory singularity. The complex K in this case depends not only on the specimen geometry and the applied load, but also on the crack growth history.
The mouse CD7 gene: identification of a new element common to the human CD7 and mouse Thy-1 promoters

HumanCD7 (CD7) is a 40000Mr member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that is expressed early in natural killer (NK) and T-lymphocyte development.CD7 is involved in lymphocyte activation, as ligation ofCD7 activates NK and TCRγδ T lymphocytes, and ligation ofCD7 on TCRαβ T lymphocytes induces a non-mitogenic calcium flux. We have previously cloned and characterized the gene for humanCD7 (hCDT) and have described its expression in transgenic mice. Recently a mouse cDNA homologous tohCD7 was reported, which we mapped to the corresponding mouse chromosomal location ashCD7. We now report the identification and characterization of a mouseCD7 (mCDT) genomic clone. We demonstrated that themCD7 gene was similar both in size and structural organization tohCD7. Comparison of the 5′ flanking sequences of themCD7 andhCD7 genes revealed two regions of sequence similarity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed both of these regions to be sites of tissue-restricted protein binding in vitro. The more 3′ similarity region also shared sequence with a region in the mouseThy-1 gene 5′ flanking region, suggesting that this sequence may be a cis-acting regulatory element common to all three genes. Thus, the promoter regions and exonic organization were similar in the humanCDT, mouseCDT, and mouseThy-1 genes.
Dobutamine Stress Testing in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Dobutamine stress ventriculography is a safe test that appears to separate groups of patients with and without significant coronary artery stenoses. In this study, all 7 patients with significant coronary artery stenoses who reached a heart rate > or = 110 beats/min had a positive stress test, whereas 9 of 10 control patients had a negative stress test.
Partial purification and characterization of a binding factor specific for initiator tRNA and ribosomal 40S subunits and of an aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase specific for 40S-bound Met-tRNAf from rat liver

Abstract The crude soluble fraction of rat liver cytoplasm promotes the binding of acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA but not of Met-tRNA f to 40S subunits derived from 80S ribosomes. A protein has been extensively purified from the soluble fraction that catalyzes the template-dependent, GTP-independent binding of Met-tRNA f , acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA but not Met-tRNA m . Purification involves fractionation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography on calcium phosphate gel, DEAE-Sephadex, carboxymethyl cellulose and Sephadex G-200. The optimum Mg 2+ concentration for the binding reaction with Met-tRNA f is between 6 and 8 m m and the optimum temperature is between 10 and 15 °C. The complex formed as a result of the interaction between 40S subunits, acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA and poly(U) is functional; acetylpolyphenylalanine is synthesized when the isolated 40S-poly(U)·acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA complex is incubated with 60S subunits, phenylalanyl-tRNA, elongation factors and GTP. The crude cytoplasmic fraction, which does not stimulate the binding of Met-tRNA f , inhibits the purified factor-promoted binding of this substrate; the factor-independent, high magnesium ion-stimulated binding of Met-tRNA f to 40S subunits is also inhibited. The inhibitory activity can be resolved from the binding factor and is extensively purified by chromatography on calcium phosphate gel and carboxymethyl Sephadex and by electrofocusing. In the presence of 40S subunits, crude and purified preparations of the inhibitory activity hydrolyze Met-tRNA f but not Met-tRNA m or acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Free Met-tRNA f is not hydrolyzed. Incubation of hydrolase-containing preparations with the preformed 40S-·Met-tRNA f complex results in the rapid and extensive breakdown of the complex with release of acid-insoluble methionine; the formation of an 80S·substrate complex, by the addition of 60S subunits, protects particle-bound Met-tRNA f .
Native Egyptian Religion in its Roman Guise

A propos de 1) Francoise PERPILLOU-THOMAS, «Fetes d'Egypte prolemaique et romaine d'apres la documentation papyrologique grecque», Studia Hellenistica 31, louvain : Studia Hellenistica, 1993 et 2) «Aufstieg und Niedergang des romischen Welt», teil II: Principat, Band 18 : Religion, 5. Teilband : Heidentum : die religiosen Verhaltnisse in den Provinzen. Ed. Wolfgang Haase. Berlin : De Gruyter, 1995
Hydrazine fuels for bimetallic catalytic microfluidic pumping.

A novel microfluidic pumping system is presented which consists of spatially defined palladium features on a gold surface and which incorporates either hydrazine or N,N-dimethylhydrazine as fuel. By choosing the appropriate fuel, it is possible to control the direction of pumping.
Screening and brief intervention for drug use in primary care: the ASPIRE randomized clinical trial.

Importance The United States has invested substantially in screening and brief intervention for illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse, based in part on evidence of efficacy for unhealthy alcohol use. However, it is not a recommended universal preventive service in primary care because of lack of evidence of efficacy. Objective To test the efficacy of 2 brief counseling interventions for unhealthy drug use (any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse)—a brief negotiated interview (BNI) and an adaptation of motivational interviewing (MOTIV)—compared with no brief intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants This 3-group randomized trial took place at an urban hospital-based primary care internal medicine practice; 528 adult primary care patients with drug use (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test [ASSIST] substance-specific scores of ≥4) were identified by screening between June 2009 and January 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts. Interventions Two interventions were tested: the BNI is a 10- to 15-minute structured interview conducted by health educators; the MOTIV is a 30- to 45-minute intervention based on motivational interviewing with a 20- to 30-minute booster conducted by master’s-level counselors. All study participants received a written list of substance use disorder treatment and mutual help resources. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was number of days of use in the past 30 days of the self-identified main drug as determined by a validated calendar method at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included other self-reported measures of drug use, drug use according to hair testing, ASSIST scores (severity), drug use consequences, unsafe sex, mutual help meeting attendance, and health care utilization. Results At baseline, 63% of participants reported their main drug was marijuana, 19% cocaine, and 17% opioids. At 6 months, 98% completed follow-up. Mean adjusted number of days using the main drug at 6 months was 12 for no brief intervention vs 11 for the BNI group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.22) and 12 for the MOTIV group (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.84-1.32; P = .81 for both comparisons vs no brief intervention). There were also no significant effects of BNI or MOTIV on any other outcome or in analyses stratified by main drug or drug use severity. Conclusions and Relevance Brief intervention did not have efficacy for decreasing unhealthy drug use in primary care patients identified by screening. These results do not support widespread implementation of illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse screening and brief intervention. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00876941
Health care costs, utilization and patterns of care following Lyme Disease

Background Lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector borne infection in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control have estimated that approximately 10% to 20% of individuals may experience Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome – a set of symptoms including fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and neurocognitive complaints that persist after initial antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease. Little is known about the impact of Lyme disease or post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms (PTLDS) on health care costs and utilization in the United States. Objectives 1) to examine the impact of Lyme disease on health care costs and utilization, 2) to understand the relationship between Lyme disease and the probability of developing PTLDS, 3) to understand how PTLDS may impact health care costs and utilization. Methods This study utilizes retrospective data on medical claims and member enrollment for persons aged 0-64 years who were enrolled in commercial health insurance plans in the United States between 2006-2010. 52,795 individuals treated for Lyme disease were compared to 263,975 matched controls with no evidence of Lyme disease exposure. Results Lyme disease is associated with $2,968 higher total health care costs (95% CI: 2,807-3,128, p<.001) and 87% more outpatient visits (95% CI: 86%-89%, p<.001) over a 12-month period, and is associated with 4.77 times greater odds of having any PTLDS-related diagnosis, as compared to controls (95% CI: 4.67-4.87, p<.001). Among those with Lyme disease, having one or more PTLDS-related diagnosis is associated with $3,798 higher total health care costs (95% CI: 3,542-4,055, p<.001) and 66% more outpatient visits (95% CI: 64%-69%, p<.001) over a 12-month period, relative to those with no PTLDS-related diagnoses. Conclusions Lyme disease is associated with increased costs above what would be expected for an easy to treat infection. The presence of PTLDS-related diagnoses after treatment is associated with significant health care costs and utilization.
Spatial models of the Eurodollar market

The Eurodollar market can be viewed as a logistic system, converting Eurodollars deposited byexporters and other traders into Eurodollar loans raised by the borrowers (importers). This paper traces the spatial distribution of such funds-flow. An extremal principle for the determination of spatial equilibrium, originally due to Samuelson, is here for the first time applied to a problem of financial equilibrium. The behavior of participating international banks is specified by standard portfolio models. At the point of extremum, there is equilibrium in all regional markets, and each international bank maximizes the net return on its Eurodollar portfolio.
Correlation between psychotropic potency of psychotomimetic methoxyamphetamines and their inhibition of 3H-normetanephrine uptake in rat cerebral cortex.

Correlation between Psychotropic Potency of Psychotomimetic Methoxyamphetamines and their Inhibition of 3H-Normetanephrine Uptake in Rat Cerebral Cortex
The p-process in explosive nucleosynthesis.

The limiting conditions consistent with p-process synthesis in supernova envelopes are inferred from calculations of the appropriate rates of proton capture and neutron photodisintegration. Temperatures in excess of 2 x 10 to the 9th power K are required, for proton mass densities of the order of 100 g cm to the minus 3rd power, if significant production of p-process nuclei is to take place on a hydrodynamic time scale. It is concluded that these processes must be appropriate to very different stellar or supernova environments.
Molecular Characterization of Mouse Pneumocystis carinii Surface Glycoprotein A

Since the mouse offers an easily manipulated experimental animal model for the study of the im- munopathogenesis of pneumonia caused by the opportunist Pneumocystis carinii, we cloned and character- ized cDNAs encoding an abundant, immunogenic surface antigen termed glycoprotein A (gpA) from mouse P. carinii. A cDNA library was constructed in bacteriophage Agtll from P. carinii -infected mouse lung poly(A+) RNA. Using a nucleic acid probe derived from a conserved region of the mouse P. carinii gpA structural gene, cDNAs encoding gpA were identified. A composite full-length gpA coding sequence was assembled from two overlapping cDNA clones. A DNA element homologous to the rat P. carinii upstream conserved sequence (UCS) was identified at the 5' end of several of the mouse P. carinii gpA cDNA clones, just upstream of the sequences encoding gpA structural gene isoforms. Using primer extension analysis, two neighboring putative transcriptional start sites were located on UCS-gpA mRNAs approximately 25 and 30 nt, respectively, upstream of the most 5' gpA cDNA clone isolated, suggesting a 5' UCS of 489 or 494 nucleotides in mouse P. carinii gpA. A comparative alignment of the composite mouse P. carinii gpA deduced amino acid sequence with gpA homologs from rat, human and ferret P. carinii demonstrated 156 identical residues, including 46 cysteines, further supporting the hypothesis for conserved secondary structure, as well as function, for gpA from all P. carinii.
Modeling flume transport of broiler offal to predict environmental impact on poultry processing wastewater: II. Viscera

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted to model and predict the environmental impact of flume transport of broiler offal viscera on poultry processing wastewater (PPW) under controlled laboratory conditions. In experiment 1 (24 experimental flock broilers) and experiment 2 (120 commercial flock broilers) birds were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: short-bleed (60 s) and soft-scald (50°C), short-bleed and hard-scald (60°C), long-bleed (120 s) and soft-scald, and long-bleed and hard-scald. Birds were processed individually (experiment 1) or in groups of 5 birds (experiment 2). Each broiler was electrically stunned, decapitated, bled, scalded for 2 min, and defeathered. Each carcass was manually eviscerated and the individual viscera (experiment 1) or group of 5-viscera (experiment 2) were sequentially agitated in potable water for 1 and 3 min. The resulting viscera rinse PPW was sieved (500 µm) and analyzed for concentration (mg/L) of chemical oxygen demand (COD; experiments 1 and 2), total solids (TS; experiments 1 and 2), total suspended solids (TSS; experiments 1 and 2), total volatile solids (experiment 1), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (experiment 1). A PPW load in grams per kilogram of live weight (g/kg lw ) was calculated for each concentration (mg/L) data point. Neither bleed time nor scald temperature played a significant role in the effect of viscera on PPW mass loading. However, viscera agitation duration did play a significant role in PPW mass loading. Commercial flock broiler mean PPW mass loadings (g/kg lw ) generated by 1 min of viscera agitation were 0.674 for COD, 1.160 for TS, and 0.111 for TSS. Mean loadings at 3 min of agitation were 1.007 for COD, 1.399 for TS, and 0.188 g/kg lw for TSS.
Latino Phenotypic Discrimination Revisited: The Impact of Skin Color on Occupational Status *

Objective. We reexamine the issue of phenotypic discrimination against Mexicans in the U.S. labor market, originally studied by Telles and Murguia (1990) and later by Bohara and Davila (1992). We also seek to explain this topic with respect to the Puerto Rican and Cuban populations in the United States. Methods. Instead of using household income as a dependent variable, we use occupational ranking scores computed by Hauser and Warren (1996) in combination with data from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey (LNPS). The occupational rankings more accurately reflect the level of labor market discrimination faced by individuals. Furthermore, the use of the more recent LNPS allows us to update the work of previous scholars and extend the analysis to two previously unexamined Latino groups— Puerto Ricans and Cubans. Results. Our findings indicate that darker-skinned Mexicans and Cubans face significantly lower occupational prestige scores than their lighter-skinned counterparts even when controlling for factors that influence performance in the labor market. However, we find no conclusive evidence that skin-color differences impact occupational prestige scores for Puerto Ricans. Conclusions. Using earlier data, some scholars found evidence for difference in labor market performance among Mexican Americans as a function of phenotypic variations among Mexican Americans. Today, dark-skinned Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans continue to face higher levels of discrimination in the labor market, whereas dark-skinned Puerto Ricans do not, which may indicate regional differences across the three groups that need to be controlled for.
Sensor deployment and target localization in distributed sensor networks

The effectiveness of cluster-based distributed sensor networks depends to a large extent on the coverage provided by the sensor deployment. We propose a virtual force algorithm (VFA) as a sensor deployment strategy to enhance the coverage after an initial random placement of sensors. For a given number of sensors, the VFA algorithm attempts to maximize the sensor field coverage. A judicious combination of attractive and repulsive forces is used to determine the new sensor locations that improve the coverage. Once the effective sensor positions are identified, a one-time movement with energy consideration incorporated is carried out, that is, the sensors are redeployed, to these positions. We also propose a novel probabilistic target localization algorithm that is executed by the cluster head. The localization results are used by the cluster head to query only a few sensors (out of those that report the presence of a target) for more detailed information. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Link Between AACSB Accreditation And Graduate Schools

In this paper, we examine whether graduating with a business or management degree from an AACSB Accredited school is correlated with higher or lower levels of graduate school attainment. We find that AACSB graduates are less likely to apply to graduate programs, and having done so, less likely to be accepted.
Improving the accuracy of forest viewsheds using triangulated networks and the visual permeability method

Forest managers are becoming increasingly aware of the visual impacts of their operations. One way managers can address this issue is by evaluating the viewsheds of proposed management activities. Existing GIS software can be used to delineate the viewsheds of proposed management activities, but the most commonly used viewshed delineation processes suffer from a number of limitations. This study reviewed these common viewshed delineation systems and found three weaknesses that could be improved. A new viewshed delineation procedure based on triangulated networks and a technique called the visual permeability method was developed to overcome these weaknesses. Field experimentation showed that this new technique was able to produce substantially more accurate viewsheds than were existing techniques. Resume : Les amenagistes forestiers sont de plus en plus sensibilises aux impacts visuels de leurs interventions. Un moyen dont disposent les amenagistes pour aborder ce probleme consiste a evaluer le bassin visuel correspondant aux interventions projetees. Les SIG existants permettent de delimiter les bassins visuels qui correspondent aux interventions projetees. Toutefois, les processus de delimitation les plus utilises souffrent d'un certain nombre de limitations. Cette etude a permis d'effectuer une revue des processus de delimitation des bassins visuels les plus courants et d'identifier trois faiblesses qui pourraient etre ameliorees. Une nouvelle facon de delimiter les bassins visuels a ete developpee. Elle est basee sur des reseaux de triangulation et sur une technique appelee la methode de permeabilite visuelle. Des essais terrains ont demontre que cette nouvelle methode peut definir les bassins visuels de facon beaucoup plus precise que les methodes actuelles. (Traduit par la Redaction)