cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Confounding the process: forgotten actors and factors in the state-corporate crime paradigm

The state-corporate crime paradigm, which has evolved from the foundational work of Edwin Sutherland and subsequent generations of corporate crime research, has contributed to a more satisfying structural account of the manner in which combinations of corporate malfeasance and government/regulatory policy can result in social harm. While this paradigm certainly enhances the understanding of the production of social harm at the nexus of state-corporate action, we argue that the analysis of specific case studies can and should be further enriched with attention to two particular points of focus. In the first instance, we argue, case studies should consider the utility of organizational frames and their variation in explaining both state and corporate behavior. In addition, state-corporate crime research is considerably aided by detailed examination of the social and cultural contexts of the risk calculations that inform critical decision-making.
Biomedical and Health Factors in Psychotherapy

The recognition of physical as contrasted with psychological causes of aberrant behavior and patient distress has always been of critical concern to the practicing psychotherapist. Historically, and contemporarily, the clinical psychologist has devoted much time and effort to the development of assessment devices aimed at identifying and locating focal brain lesions, thus assisting the physician in separating brain disease and dysfunction from psychiatric disorder and mental illness. The ethical guidelines under which clinical psychologists practice, and many of the state certification and licensing laws under which they work, make specific provisions for medical supervision or consultation, apparently in acknowledgment of the variety of ways in which physical illness and disorder may present. Currently, the psychologist’s desire to be recognized and accepted as an independent private practitioner clearly requires that he or she know when to refer and defer to allied health professionals.
DICTIONARY of Old English (The). Fascicle D. Edited by +Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette Dipaolo Healey, +Sharon Butler, Joan Holland, David Mcdougall, and Ian McDougall

(1988). DICTIONARY of Old English (The). Fascicle D. Edited by +Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette Dipaolo Healey, +Sharon Butler, Joan Holland, David Mcdougall, and Ian McDougall. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35-38.
Cerium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Acrylates to Give α-Silyl Esters

The homoleptic organocerium complex Ce{C(SiHMe2 )3 }3 (1) reacts with B(C6 F5 )3 to produce the zwitterionic bis(alkyl) hydridoborato Ce{C(SiHMe2 )3 }2 HB(C6 F5 )3 (2). NMR and IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography indicate that each alkyl ligand contains two bridging Ce↼H-Si interactions in both 1 and 2. Compound 2 serves as a precatalyst for the hydrosilylation of acrylates to give α-silyl esters at room temperature with a turnover number of 2200.
Metric embeddings with outliers

We initiate the study of metric embeddings with outliers. Given some finite metric space we wish to remove a small set of points and to find either an isometric or a low-distortion embedding of the remaining points into some host metric space. This is a natural problem that captures scenarios where a small fraction of points in the input corresponds to noise.We present polynomial-time approximation algorithms for computing outlier embeddings into Euclidean space, trees, and ultrametrics. In the case of isometric embeddings the objective is to minimize the number of outliers, while in the case of non-isometries we have a bi-criteria optimization problem where the goal is to minimize both the number of outliers and the distortion. We complement our approximation algorithms with NP-hardness results for these problems.We conclude with a brief experimental evaluation of our non-isometric outlier embedding on synthetic and real-world data sets.
A posteriori local discontinuous Galerkin error estimates for the one-dimensional sine-Gordon equation

In this paper, we present a posteriori error analysis of the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the sine-Gordon nonlinear hyperbolic equations with smooth solutions. We show that the dom...
Circulatory shock in pregnant sheep. I. Effects of endotoxin on uteroplacental and fetal umbilical circulation.

Abstract The response of the uteroplacental and fetal circulations and oxygen transfer to injection of E. coli endotoxin into the pregnant sheep was investigated. Endotoxin injection into the mother was comprised of three distinct phases: First came a precipitous fall in arterial pressure and uteroplacental blood flow with an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance. This phase was followed by a progressive recovery period during which flow, pressure, and resistance returned to control values. A third phase occurred during which arterial pressure and uteroplacental blood flow decreased until death of the animal. Despite the marked changes in uteroplacental hemodynamics and a decrease in uteroplacental oxygen transfer, the fetal circulation did not show any major alteration until the terminal phase of shock, when arterial pressure and umbilical flow decreased. There was a fall in fetal oxygen content difference.
Architectural Education and Behavioral Science

Few buildings today are brought down by structural failure; many—some would say most—are weakened by what the author of this article, an architect and educator who holds a degree in sociology, calls anthropological failure. If this state of affairs is to be remedied, Carleton Monroe Winslow Jr maintains, there will have to be more and better courses in behavioral sciences at the undergraduate level in architectural curricula, together with an increase in empirical research into the part played by environmental factors in determining social behavior. And the latter, no less than the former, will have to be instigated by the schools.
The Right To Travel And Privacy: Intersecting Fundamental Freedoms, 30 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 639 (2014)

As a fundamental right inherent in American citizenship and the nature of the federal union, the right to travel in the United States is basic to American liberty. The right precedes the creation of the United States and appears in the Articles of Confederation. The U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court recognize and protect the right to interstate travel. The travel right entails privacy and free domestic movement without governmental abridgement. In the era of surveillance, the imposition of official photo identification for travel, watchlist prescreening programs, and invasive airport scans and searches unreasonably burden the right to travel. They undermine citizen rights to travel and to privacy. These regulations * An earlier version of this research was presented by Richard Sobel & Ramon Torres as “The Right to Travel: Intersection with the Right to Privacy and a Personal Liberty,” at the Northwestern University Transportation Center Seminar Series on January 6, 2011. It formed a basis for Sobel & Torres, The Right to Travel a Fundamental Right of Citizenship, in the Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics & Policy, Spring 2013. The current Article updates portions of the earlier presentation and publication. The author thanks Dawid Danek, Kevin Doran, Brian Kebbekus, Tim Lamoureux, Catherine Nance, Allison Trzop and Michael Zhang, for research assistance and comments on the Article. He also appreciates the insights and suggestions of Barry Horwitz, Gerald Jenkins, Diana Marek, Matthew Beamer, and Ramon Torres, and the assistance of the Buffett Center, Transportation Center, NICO, Hutchins Institute, Houston Institute, Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics & Policy, and The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law. + Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies, Northwestern University, at richard-sobel@northwestern.edu. In addition to being a Visiting Scholar at the Buffett Center, he is also a faculty affiliate of the Transportation Center at Northwestern, an associate of the Hutchins Institute, and a consultant to the Houston Institute at Har-
Flow dynamics control endothelial permeability in a microfluidic vessel bifurcation model

Endothelial barrier function is known to be regulated by a number of molecular mechanisms; however, the role of biomechanical signals associated with blood flow is comparatively less explored. Biomimetic microfluidic models comprised of vessel analogues that are lined with endothelial cells (ECs) have been developed to help answer several fundamental questions in endothelial mechanobiology. However, previously described microfluidic models have been primarily restricted to single straight or two parallel vessel analogues, which do not model the bifurcating vessel networks typically present in physiology. Therefore, the effects of hemodynamic stresses that arise due to bifurcating vessel geometries on ECs are not well understood. Here, we introduce and characterize a microfluidic model that mimics both the flow conditions and the endothelial/extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of bifurcating blood vessels to systematically monitor changes in endothelial permeability mediated by the local flow dynamics at specific locations along the bifurcating vessel structure. We show that bifurcated fluid flow (BFF) that arises only at the base of a vessel bifurcation and is characterized by stagnation pressure of ∼38 dyn cm-2 and approximately zero shear stress induces significant decrease in EC permeability compared to the static control condition in a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent manner. Similarly, intravascular laminar shear stress (LSS) (3 dyn cm-2) oriented tangential to ECs located downstream of the vessel bifurcation also causes a significant decrease in permeability compared to the static control condition via the NO pathway. In contrast, co-application of transvascular flow (TVF) (∼1 μm s-1) with BFF and LSS rescues vessel permeability to the level of the static control condition, which suggests that TVF has a competing role against the stabilization effects of BFF and LSS. These findings introduce BFF at the base of vessel bifurcations as an important regulator of vessel permeability and suggest a mechanism by which local flow dynamics control vascular function in vivo.
Drought Genetics Have Varying Influence on Corn Water Stress under Differing Water Availability

Irrigated corn (L.) in the Great Plains will be increasingly grown under limited irrigation management and greater water stress. Hybrids with drought genetics may decrease the impacts of water stress on yield. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of drought genetics on corn water stress, water use, grain yield, yield components, and water use efficiency under varying water availability. A 3-yr (2009–2011) study was conducted at Akron, CO in which corn water use, yield, and yield components were measured for isolines of three corn hybrids with and without drought genetics grown under three water treatments (fully irrigated, no irrigation until just prior to tasseling followed by full irrigation, and limited irrigation throughout the growing season). There was no yield loss from the drought genetics under non-water-stressed conditions. There was no effect of drought genetics on water use, yield, or water use efficiency. However, there was a 7% increase in kernels per plant in 2011 and a 5% increase in 1000-kernel weight in 2010 due to the presence of the drought gene. It does not appear that the non-commercial, experimental drought genetics tested in this experiment produced any consistent effect on mitigating water stress in corn or on corn water use and yield under varying levels and timings of water stress. Further research is needed in which consistent levels of water stress are imposed during reproductive and grain-filling growth stages to verify the effects of drought genetics on corn yield.
Heterogeneity of Growth Hormone

Heterogeneity of polypeptide hormones is a ubiquitous phenomenon related to gene multiplicity, biosynthetic precursors, aggregation, protein-protein interaction, fragment formation, differential glycosylation, derivatization of functional groups, degradative processes, and lack of complete assay specificity. Some of this heterogeneity occurs as a physiological process, and some represents a laboratory artifact. Growth hormone (GH) is no exception and its heterogeneity has been recognized for a long time, although the details have only recently become clear. This review will primarily deal with human GH (hGH), which is the best studied in terms of structure among the various animal GHs.
How to Build an Economic Model in Your Spare Time

Editor’s IntroductionOriginally published in Volume 41, Number 2, Fall 1997, pages 3-10. Hal Varian (born 1947) is widely known by professional economists for his pathbreaking work in the economics...
Producing Monoclonal Antibodies by Electrofusion

The technology of antibody production from hybridomas pioneered by Milstein and co-workers (Kohler and Milstein, 1975; Galfre et al., 1977) has provided an important research tool for the biomedical sciences. Naturally, any technique that improves the production of hybridomas would arouse widespread interest. In recent years, much attention has been given to the technique of electrofusion (Tsong, 1983; Neumann et al., 1980; Zimmermann et al., 1985). Electrofusion can be stringently controlled, and is typically more efficient than conventional methods of cell fusion induced by chemicals. However, increasing cell fusion efficiency alone does not appear to improve the overall efficiency of producing hybridomas. It is important to understand other mechanisms involved in the process of hybridoma production.
The Good Shepherd παροιμία (John 10:1-21) and John’s Implied Audience: A Thought Experiment in Reading the Fourth Gospel

It is often said that the Johannine Jesus never utters a narrative parable like those that are so ubiquitous throughout the Synoptics. However, in John 10, we have the closest parallel in the so-called “Good Shepherd” discourse, where Jesus uses a “figure of speech” (παροιµία) to compare himself to a benevolent or noble shepherd. The present article will explore this παροιµία in light of the unfolding narrative Christology over the first nine chapters. Against that backdrop, we will examine the questions: “What historical information can reasonably be inferred as part of the literary construct known as the implied audience?”, and “How has the implied audience been prepared by the narrator to receive this metaphorical speech?”
Metabolic tumor volume to predict event free survival in patients with relapsed/refractory HL treated with brentuximab vedotin-based salvage therapy.

11566Background:To investigate the role of PET/CT parameters in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Methods: PET/CT scans of 45 patients (pts) 25 M/ 20 F, median age 31 (range13-6...
Helium giant stars as progenitors of rapidly fading Type Ibc supernovae

Type I rapidly fading supernovae (RFSNe) appear to originate from hydrogen-free stars with large radii that produce predominantly shock-cooling light curves, in contrast with more typical nickel-rich SNe Ibc. However, it remains to be determined what types of stars would produce bright shock-cooling light curves without significant contribution from radioactive nickel. Bare helium stars in the mass range ~2-4 solar masses are known to hydrostatically develop radii as large as 100 solar radii or more due to strong He and C shell burning outside of a core with a sharp density gradient. We produce several such stellar models and demonstrate that, when exploded, these helium giants can naturally produce RFSN light curves. Since many prototypical SNe Ibc should come from large-radius stars in this mass range as well, we predict that these RFSNe may be distinct from SNe Ibc solely due to the absence of substantial nickel.
The Impact of the Drug Epidemic on the Incidence of Sepsis in West Virginia.

Introduction Drug abuse and overdoses are on the rise in West Virginia. Multiple socioeconomic and prescription-prescribing practices influenced this shift. The shifting burden of intravenous drug use to more rural areas has created unique challenges for patient access (medical attention, addiction education, rehabilitation), as well as created an avalanche of additional costs for hospital networks. Methods We analyzed sepsis cases from 2006 to 2015 to investigate whether different types of drug use have increased the odds of developing sepsis as compared to other forms of drug use. To investigate this aspect, the authors examined this relationship by using a logistical regression and a time series analysis of the total cases of drug use and infections. Results The initial analysis investigated the association between drug use and the number of sepsis cases at Charleston Area Medical Center from 2006 to 2015 using a time series analysis. Results suggest that there are similar relationships between sepsis and sedative usage (p=0.016) and sepsis by mixed/other drug (p= 0.020) use. For logistic regression (n=2284), the infection models of sepsis/skin, endocarditis/skin infection, and osteomyelitis/skin infection showed several exposures significantly increased the risk of different infections. A drug user with a positive urine test for opiates is 80.8 percent more likely to develop sepsis as compared to skin infections (p=0.001). The use of sedatives also significantly increased the odds of developing sepsis by 83.2 percent (p=0.002). Conclusion Sepsis left untreated will result in a high mortality rate. As illicit drug use increases, sepsis cases will increase. Further research is needed to understand the continued relationship between drug use and the incidence of sepsis. Based on the current evidence, sepsis appears to be slightly affected by drug use and seems to be influenced by sedatives and opiates but only at a marginal level.
High Dimensional Renal Profiling: Towards a Better Understanding or Renal Transplant Immune Suppression.

The goal of this review is to discuss new approaches to avoid calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)/corticosteroids (CCS) toxicities with a focus on new biologics and new methods to understand transplant rejection at the single-cell level. Recently developed biologics hold significant promise as the next wave of therapeutics designed to promote CNI/CCS-free long-term allograft acceptance. Indeed, belatacept, soluble CTLA4-Ig, is largely devoid of CNI-like toxicities, although it is accompanied by an increased frequency of acute rejection. Besides belatacept, other biologics hold promise as CNI-free immune suppressive approaches. Finally, powerful new single-cell approaches can enable characterization of cellular populations that drive rejection within the rejecting allograft. We propose that the incorporated single-cell profiling into studies investigating new biologics in transplantation could be tailored to each patient, correlated with potential biomarkers in the blood and urine, and provide a platform where therapeutic targets can be rationally defined, mechanistically based, and exploited.
Autonomous Separation Assurance in An High-Density En Route Sector: A Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach

Ensuring high-density air transportation systems of the future are both safe and efficient is a top priority. With the growing air traffic complexity in traditional and low-altitude airspace, an autonomous air traffic control system is needed to ensure safe-separation requirements. We propose a deep multi-agent reinforcement learning framework that is able to identify and resolve conflicts between aircraft in a high-density, stochastic, and dynamic en route sector with multiple intersections. The proposed framework utilizes an actor-critic model, A2C that incorporates the loss function from Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to help stabilize the learning process. In addition, we use a centralized learning, decentralized execution scheme where one neural network is learned and shared by all agents in the environment. We show that our framework is both scalable and efficient for large number of incoming aircraft to achieve extremely high traffic throughput. We evaluate our model via simulation in the BlueSky environment. Results show that our framework is able to resolve 99.97% of all conflicts both along route and at the intersections.
Functional connectivity and structural analysis of trial spinal cord stimulation responders in failed back surgery syndrome.

BACKGROUND Chronic pain has been associated with alterations in brain structure and function that appear dependent on pain phenotype. Functional connectivity (FC) data on chronic back pain (CBP) is limited and based on heterogeneous pain populations. We hypothesize that failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients being considered for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy have altered resting state (RS) FC cross-network patterns that 1) specifically involve emotion and reward/aversion functions and 2) are related to pain scores. METHODS RS functional MRI (fMRI) scans were obtained for 10 FBSS patients who are being considered for but who have not yet undergone implantation of a permanent SCS device and 12 healthy age-matched controls. Seven RS networks were analyzed including the striatum (STM). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluated differences in cross-network FC strength (FCS). Differences in periaqueductal grey (PAG) FC were assessed with seed-based analysis. RESULTS Cross-network FCS was decreased (p<0.05) between the STM and all other networks in these FBSS patients. There was a negative linear relationship (R2 = 0.76, p<0.0022) between STMFCS index and pain scores. The PAG showed decreased FC with network elements and amygdala but increased FC with the sensorimotor cortex and cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Decreased FC between STM and other RS networks in FBSS has not been previously reported. This STMFCS index may represent a more objective measure of chronic pain specific to FBSS which may help guide patient selection for SCS and subsequent management.
The Use of Succinonitrile as an Electrolyte Additive for Composite-Fiber Membranes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In the present work, the effect of temperature and additives on the ionic conductivity of mixed organic/ionic liquid electrolytes (MOILEs) was investigated by conducting galvanostatic charge/discharge and ionic conductivity experiments. The mixed electrolyte is based on the ionic liquid (IL) (EMI/TFSI/LiTFSI) and organic solvents EC/DMC (1:1 v/v). The effect of electrolyte type on the electrochemical performance of a LiCoO2 cathode and a SnO2/C composite anode in lithium anode (or cathode) half-cells was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of 5 wt.% succinonitrile (SN) resulted in enhanced ionic conductivity of a 60% EMI-TFSI 40% EC/DMC MOILE from ~14 mS·cm-1 to ~26 mS·cm-1 at room temperature. Additionally, at a temperature of 100 °C, an increase in ionic conductivity from ~38 to ~69 mS·cm-1 was observed for the MOILE with 5 wt% SN. The improvement in the ionic conductivity is attributed to the high polarity of SN and its ability to dissolve various types of salts such as LiTFSI. The galvanostatic charge/discharge results showed that the LiCoO2 cathode with the MOILE (without SN) exhibited a 39% specific capacity loss at the 50th cycle while the LiCoO2 cathode in the MOILE with 5 wt.% SN showed a decrease in specific capacity of only 14%. The addition of 5 wt.% SN to the MOILE with a SnO2/C composite-fiber anode resulted in improved cycling performance and rate capability of the SnO2/C composite-membrane anode in lithium anode half-cells. Based on the results reported in this work, a new avenue and promising outcome for the future use of MOILEs with SN in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be opened.
Feasibility study on the formation of rogue waves in origami-based mechanical metamaterials (Conference Presentation)

We investigate the extreme wave event in mechanical metamaterials composed of Triangulated Cylindrical Origami (TCO). Specifically, we focus on the realization of so-called rogue waves by employing a homogeneous one-dimensional chain constructed from the TCO unit cells. Our numerical simulation shows the significant energy focusing in the very limited number of unit cells. The wave localization behavior varies as a function of the geometrical parameters of the TCO, which enables us to manipulate the wave localization. The configurability of the wave localization using the TCO can be leveraged for energy harvesting purposes in engineering applications.
Temperature Stability of Interfaces in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Nominally Stable Electrolytes

Li-S batteries are a promising alternative to conventional Li-ion batteries as Li-S batteries enable low-cost, lightweight, and high capacity cells. However, the polysulfide shuttle effect and Li reactivity with common organic solvents have limited commercialization of Li-S batteries. Highly concentrated electrolytes known as solvate electrolytes have been shown to limit polysulfide solubility in Li-S cells by reducing the ability of solvent molecules to solvate polysulfides through coordination to Li+.1 The challenges with using solvate electrolytes in electrochemical cells are associated with the high viscosity and low ionic conductivity of solvates. Addition of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) significantly decreases the solvate viscosity with slight improvement in ionic conductivity.1 TTE has been shown to suppress the polysulfide shuttle effect and is suggested to act as a nonsolvent for polysulfides.Although bulk electrolyte speciation is unchanged when the solvate is exposed to Li metal,2 the reactivity of the solvate electrolyte with and without TTE with Li metal has not been studied in detail. To study the reactivity, we evaluate the behavior of Li-S cells and Li metal at various temperatures in the solvate electrolyte with and without TTE. Increasing the temperature of the solvate electrolyte affects the equilibrium between free and coordinated MeCN and results in increased electrolyte decomposition and anode passivation. We demonstrate here that reactivity between the solvate electrolyte and the Li anode significantly impacts the cyclability and capacity retention in Li-S cells. The results indicate that TTE is necessary to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface and mitigate Li reactivity. Introducing a protecting layer onto the Li anode enables moderate cyclability but does not protect against decomposition over time. 1. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2697.2. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2014, 136, 13, 5039.
Mitigating the Astringency of Acidified Whey Protein in Proteinaceous High Internal Phase Emulsions

The demand for high-protein food products has rapidly increased in recent years because of the growing health awareness of consumers. Whey protein is an abundant byproduct from the dairy industry w...
Analysis of Bystander Behavior Towards Intimate Partner Violence via Peerformance

This study of a South Asian community in the midwestern USA examines what bystanders do when they witness an incident of intimate partner violence (IPV). Because of ethical and safety constraints, in lieu of observation in a natural setting, data were collected at a Peerformance, a peer-led IPV prevention program, using the forum theatre method introduced in Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed. Event attendees were invited to respond to an IPV incident enacted by peer educators in which a controlling husband's behavior escalates to the point of suggesting physical violence. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyzed the videotaped bystander actions while applying pertinent aspects of visual analysis. Event attendees responded in variety of ways, exploring and/or de-escalating the situation, providing information, and encouraging the couple to resolve their conflict and/or seek outside help. They expressed empathy, support, and (dis)agreement with the husband and the wife. Their actions encompassed a number of dimensions: introductory, investigative, supportive/empathic, informational, instructional, instrumental, and confrontational. Participants' vastly varied responses to IPV within the same scenario suggest difficulty in developing a generic IPV bystander program. The findings also suggest possible directions for developing bystander programs to address IPV. In lieu of prescribing and/or proscribing specific actions in a given risk situation, bystander training can help participants build their repertoire of actions while collectively examining the strengths and limitations of various actions in their sociocultural context. Such bystander training is complex and difficult to manualize; it will involve reflexive and critical discussions and learning and trying out various possible alternatives. A Peerformance is a site of action, a realistic and familiar milieu where community members can imagine and try out interventions that may be different from the norm of indifference and non-intervention. It can open up new possibilities for addressing IPV in diverse communities.
Roundtable: Ghanaian Popular Culture Studies: A Key Subfield in African Studies

An examination of the existing literature on popular culture research in Ghana reveal a rich, cogent body of work on the country's everyday cultural practices. This research output strongly points to a mature subfield that can tentatively be tagged as Ghanaian Popular Culture Studies. Yet, to date, no such disciplinary area officially exists. The absence of such a field contributes to perpetuating a lingering negative perception among students, fellow colleagues and non-academics about the popular arts. Specifically, this opinion takes popular culture as either unworthy of scholarly attention, and/or as incapable of offering valuable intellectual insights about societies in general. Inspired by this year's conference theme, we boldly call for a formal launch of such a subfield via a roundtable discussion that seeks to map out meaningful ways to firmly establish and sustain this key sub-area in African Studies. In our view, one such path to this objective is to publish a Ghanaian Popular Culture Reader as well as review a proposed syllabus on Ghanaian popular culture as viable template to be used in our various institutions. The cumulative goal is to set a solid agenda to legitimize this important sub-discipline. In this roundtable, beyond a critical review of the proposed syllabus on Ghanaian Popular Culture and a discussion of some of the important thematic areas and seminal papers that should be included in the Reader, we encourage discussions on related topics that furthers the agenda of grounding and sustaining Ghanaian Popular Culture as a subfield in African Studies.
Investigating the feasibility of ICP-MS/MS for differentiating NIST salmon reference materials through determination of Sr and S isotope ratios

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was investigated for possible use in food fraud studies through the measurement of strontium and sulfur isotope ratios. Oxygen mass shift mode was applied to shift 87Sr/86Sr and 34S/32S isotope ratios to their respective oxides, 87Sr16O+/86Sr16O+ and 34S16O+/32S16O+, effecting a gas-phase chemical separation of the elements from Rb and Kr (for Sr) and molecular N and O species, along with P- and S-hydrides (for S). A total least squares regression approach was employed to generate the isotope ratio data from time-resolved analyses, and method uncertainties and accuracies were determined. The utility of the approach was shown by using the Sr and S isotope ratios together to differentiate between NIST RM 8256 Wild-Caught Coho Salmon and NIST RM 8257 Aquacultured Coho Salmon. These materials are currently under development at NIST as certified food fraud standards and method evaluation materials for comprehensive chemical analysis.
Achondroplasia Natural History Study (CLARITY): a multicenter retrospective cohort study of achondroplasia in the United States.

Purpose Achondroplasia is the most common short stature skeletal dysplasia (1:20,000-30,000), but the risk of adverse health outcomes from cardiovascular diseases, pain, poor function, excess weight, and sleep apnea is unclear. A multicenter retrospective natural history study was conducted to understand medical and surgical practices in achondroplasia. Methods Data from patients with achondroplasia evaluated by clinical geneticists at Johns Hopkins University, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, McGovern Medical School UTHealth, and University of Wisconsin were populated into a REDCap database. All available retrospective medical records of anthropometry (length/height, weight, occipitofrontal circumference), surgery, polysomnography (PSG), and imaging (e.g., X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging) were included. Results Data from 1,374 patients (48.8% female; mean age 15.4 ± 13.9 years) constitute the primary achondroplasia cohort (PAC) with 496 subjects remaining clinically active and eligible for prospective studies. Within the PAC, 76.0% had a de novo FGFR3 pathologic variant and 1,094 (79.6%) had one or more achondroplasia-related surgeries. There are ≥37,000 anthropometry values, 1,631 PSGs and 10,727 imaging studies. Conclusion This is the largest multicenter achondroplasia natural history study, providing a vast array of medical information for use in caring for these patients. This well-phenotyped cohort is a reference population against which future medical and surgical interventions can be compared.
A Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia

The rapid innate immune response to respiratory infection is essential to prevent the systemic dissemination of pathogens. This chapter outlines an experimental mouse model of respiratory infection by gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyses of leukocyte trafficking in the lungs. The reader will learn two methods to induce respiratory infection in mice that differ in whether the initial bolus is targeted within a specific lobe of the lung. We then describe a technique based on tissue digestion and flow cytometry that allows the investigator to distinguish leukocytes within different compartments of the lung, and discuss the advantages and limitations to such an approach.
Neurophysiological localization of epileptic nystagmus

ABSTRACT.Epileptic nystagmus (EN) consists of rapid, repetitive eye movements, caused by epileptic activity. Proposed neurophysiological mechanisms have largely been based on clinical observations. In the awake patient, there is epileptic activation of a cortical saccade region, generating quick eye-movement phases, contraversive to the seizure focus. Localization of this epileptic focus has previously been demonstrated using electroencephalography. This paper presents a patient with localization of activation obtained from single photon emission tomography (SPECT) with congruent data from EEG. These data confirm the anatomic localization of EN to the contralateral temporo-parieto-occipital junction in an awake patient.
Microscopic calculations of 5He with realistic interactions.

Microscopic calculations of low energy alpha neutron scattering are reported for the resonant J/sup ..pi../ = (1/2/sup -/ and (3/2/sup -/ states. A good qualitative fit to the experimental LxS splitting is obtained, although discrepancies of the order of 1--2 MeV remain. Results with two different nucleon-nucleon interaction models are presented, and the effects of three-nucleon interactions are discussed.
The holistic philosophy and perspective of selected health educators.

(1984). The Holistic Philosophy and Perspective of Selected Health Educators. Health Education: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 16-20.
Casework: A Psychosocial Therapy

Part One: The Theoretical Framework Chapter 1: Casework: Then and Now Chapter 2: The Psychosocial Frame of Reference: An Overview Chapter 3: Examples of Clinical Social Work Practice Chapter 4: The Hollis Classification of Casework Treatment Part Two: Treatment: An Analysis of Procedures Chapter 5: Sustainment, Direct Influence, and Exploration-Description-Ventilation Chapter 6: Reflective Discussion of the Person-Situation Configuration Chapter 7: Reflective Consideration of Pattern-Dynamic and Developmental Factors Chapter 8: Psychosocial Therapy and the Environment Chapter 9: The Client-Worker Relationship Part Three: Diagnostic Understanding and the Treatment Process Chapter 10: Initial Interviews and the Psychosocial Study Chapter 11: Assessment and Diagnostic Understanding Chapter 12: Choice of Treatment Objectives Chapter 13: Choice of Treatment Procedures Chapter 14: Family Therapy and Psychosocial Casework: A Theoretical Synthesis Chapter 15: The Clinical Practice of Family Therapy Chapter 16: Couple Treatment: Problems in Relationships Chapter 17: Couple Treatment: Clinical Issues and Techniques Chapter 18: Crisis Intervention and Brief Treatment Chapter 19: Termination Chapter 20: The Psychosocial Approach: Clinical Case Examples Chapter 21: Studying and Working with the Hollis Typology Appendix Bibliography
Managing e-Business projects: 99 key success factors

The book provides a solid framework for managing e-business projects. With the increased popularity of web technologies, a grwosing number of people are now becoming involved in e-business. The book is primarily intended for current and prospective e-business projbect manageers who wish to share ideas, experiences, and best practices. Recent market surveys of GertnerGroup, Forrester, and StandishGroup indicate that many e-business projects fail due to a lack of operational excellence in project management. Some project management techniques proven in traditional IT projects for decades can be also applied to e-business projects, but not all. This book shows which proven techniques are still valid and provides new techniques for situations taht are unique to or have a special significance in e-business projects. Based on real-world experience, 99 concise key success factors are discussed preparing the reader to manager e-business projects on time, on budject and to the satisfaction of clients.
Numerical investigation of the onset of separation of an incompressible viscous flow from objects in ducts

Simulation has been used to investigate the phenomenon of separation of a steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid from a symmetric object in a duct. Two essentially two-dimensional problems were studied: (1) an elliptical cylinder located between two parallel plates, and (2) a sphere placed on the axis of a cylindrical pipe. The steady-state vorticity transport equation and the second order differential equation relating vorticity and the stream function were iterated using the method of overrelaxation to obtain a solution for each set of initial conditions. The relationship between the Reynolds number corresponding to the onset of separation and the size of the object relative to the duct was found to be linear over a wide range.
Muscle and cartilage differentiation in axolotl limb regeneration blastema cultures

A tissue culture system is described for explants of mesenchyme from Ambystoma mexicanum limb regeneration blastemas. Explants were cultured on collagen substrate for 3 weeks in minimal essential medium supplemented with the hormones insulin, thyroxine, somatotropin, and hydrocortisone, plus beef embryo extract (EE), 2%. This medium supported extensive cell migration onto the substrate followed by cell proliferation and differentiation of both cartilage matrix and myotubes. Cultures on plastic substrate, rather than on collagen, displayed similar cell outgrowth and cartilage formation, but relatively little myotube formation. Differentiation in EE-supplemented medium was compared with that in two defined media: Explants in medium containing only the hormones showed little outgrowth or cartilage development and never formed myotubes; medium containing the hormones plus fibroblast growth factor, 50 ng/ml, supported an intermediate degree of outgrowth and cartilage development and occasional myotube formation. Explant size was also a factor: Smaller explants survived and formed myotubes less frequently, even when on collagen in EE-supplemented medium.
Wrist ligament strain during external fixation: a cadaveric study.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in strain (elongation) that occurs in 2 extrinsic ligaments of the wrist (volar radioscaphocapitate and dorsal radiotriquetral) as the wrist is sequentially distracted with an external fixator. Six fresh cadaver specimens were dissected to expose the dorsal radiotriquetral and volar radioscaphocapitate ligaments. A differential variable reluctance transducer strain gauge was applied to both ligaments and the wrist was serially distracted in increments of 5 mm with an Agee WristJack (Hand Biomechanics Laboratory, Sacramento, CA). The distraction increments were measured on the WristJack. X-rays were obtained at each level of distraction. At 10 mm of WristJack distraction, the strain in both the volar radioscaphocapitate and dorsal radiotriquetral ligaments increased to greater than 20%. An increase to a 0.63 carpal height index resulted in an increase in strain of 20%. This increased strain may contribute to wrist stiffness. (J Hand Surg 1999;24A:102–107. Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.)
Effects of phenytoin on the release of 14C-adenine derivatives.

SUMMARY The release of 14C-containing compounds from rat cortical slices prelabeled with 14C-adenine consisted largely of adenosine (6—7%), inosine (13- 18%), and hypoxanthine (70–74%), with small amounts of nucleotides including cyclic AMP and adenine. This efflux was increased by both ouabain (0.1 mM) and veratridine (0.05 mM), the increment in released radioactivity consisting almost entirely of these three compounds. However, relatively more inosine than adenosine output was evoked by ouabain while the reverse was true with veratridine. Phenytoin partially reversed the effect of both depolarizing agents. After prelabeling, the efflux from astrocytoma cell cultures contained predominantly inosine (74%) and hypoxanthine (23%) with little adenosine. Ouabain increased the release of 14C-adenine derivatives, and this increase was diminished by phenytoin. Preliminary studies with neuroblastoma cell cultures have shown considerable variability in the composition of the effluent, with hypoxanthine the prevalent compound and almost no adenosine. Ouabain enhanced the efflux from these cells, and this effect was apparently reversed by phenytoin.
Clinical evaluation of a titanium, headless variable-pitched tapered cannulated compression screw for repair of frontal plane slab fractures of the third carpal bone in thoroughbred racehorses.

Objective— To report clinical evaluation of third carpal bone (C3) frontal plane slab fracture repair with the Acutrak® screw system. Study Design— Prospective case series. Sample Population— Racing Thoroughbreds (n=17) with frontal C3 slab fractures. Methods— C3 slab fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses (1999–2004) were repaired by use of the Acutrak® screw system. Data collected were (1) preoperative variables—gender, age at injury, limb involved, injury occurrence, fracture thickness, complexity, and displacement, race starts and earnings and (2) postoperative variables were: surgical complications, days to first start, race starts, and earnings. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and postoperative starts and earnings; significance was set at P<.05. Results— Seventeen Thoroughbred racehorses (12 females, 3 males, 2 geldings) were enrolled. Mean (±SD) age at injury was 3.3±1.0 years. Right carpi (10) were affected more than left (7). Ten injuries occurred during training, 7 during racing. Twelve of 15 horses that raced before injury returned to racing. Average days to first start was 349.3±153.9 days. Horses that returned to racing had more starts after repair (median, 6.5 versus 3.5; P=.04) and did not have decreased earnings per start (median, $2452 versus $3061; P=.30). Conclusion— The Acutrak® screw system is a useful repair technique for frontal C3 slab fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses. Clinical Relevance— Adequate reduction and stability of C3 slab fractures can be achieved with the Acutrak® screw system, decreasing the likelihood of fragment splitting and screw head impingement on carpal soft tissues.
Input/output structure of the infinite horizon LQ bumpless transfer and its implications for transfer operator synthesis

The steady-state input/output structure of the infinite horizon LQ bumpless transfer topologies for strictly proper controllers is analyzed. It is found that in these topologies (1) the steady-state gain of the transfer function from the output of the online controller to that of the offline one is unity/asymptotically unity, and (2) the steady-state gain of the transfer function from the input of the online controller to the output of the offline one is zero/asymptotically zero, for essentially all strictly proper controllers with the input dimension being no less than the output one. These facts (1) reveal the steady-state gain structure of the closed-loop transfer matrix in the standard LQ tracking problems, (2) demonstrate that the LQ bumpless transfer technique solves the ideal bumpless transfer problem for controllers with an integrator in each of their output channels, (3) reveal the structure of unavoidable signal discontinuities in the controller input/output upon transfer between controllers with non-integrating channels, and (4) provide guidance for minimizing the above signal discontinuities and the resulting bumps in the plant output in bumpless transfer synthesis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a Hispanic Health Paradox in sensitivity to air pollution? Hospital admissions for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure associated with NO 2 and PM 2.5 in El Paso, TX, 2005-2010

Abstract Study objective Linkages between pollution and morbidity have been observed in numerous studies. But race/ethnicity has been underemphasized as a modifier of that association, and few studies have tested for a Hispanic Health Paradox in sensitivity to air pollution. Methods Daily asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) hospital admissions in El Paso, Texas were studied in age groups and insurance groups. Daily PM 2.5 and NO 2 were calculated from pollution monitors and all models adjusted for apparent temperature and wind speed. Conditional logistic regression for the case-crossover design was used for a between-group comparison and for a within-group comparison for Hispanics. Results Hispanics were at lower risk than non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanics of other races for NO 2 -associated admissions, but at greater risk for PM 2.5 -associated admissions. While Hispanics were generally protected with regards to NO 2 , Hispanic children (vs. Elderly) faced increased risk for asthma and uninsured Hispanics (vs. Private) faced increased risk for COPD admissions. While Hispanics were at increased risk of PM 2.5 -associated admissions, certain characteristics heightened their risks: being a Hispanic child (vs. Elderly) for asthma; being a Hispanic with Medicare (vs. Private) for asthma; and being a Hispanic with private insurance (vs. all other insurance types) for CHF. The main effect of pollution on admissions was more significant for asthma and CHF than for COPD, which had the fewest cases. Conclusions There was heterogeneity in sensitivity to air pollution based on social characteristics and moderate evidence for a Hispanic Health Paradox in sensitivity to NO 2 .