cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Note on parental similarity, acceptance of authority, and field independence.

Bieri (1960) suggested that, particularly for males, the combined unconventionality of low acceptance of authority and greater perceived similarity to the opposite sexed parent would be associated with high field independence. This study challenged that argument suggesting that a mixture of conventional and unconventional personality variables, i.e., low acceptance of authority, same sex parental similarity or high acceptance of authority, opposite sex similarity, would be associated with higher field independence than consistently conventional or unconventional combinations of variables. 66 female and 57 male students completed an embedded-figures test, an acceptance of authority scale, and a semantic differential measure of perceived similarity to parents. The hypothesis was confirmed for males but not females. There were strong differences between these results and those obtained by Bieri with comparable measures.
The interfacial properties and porous structures of polymer blends characterized by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering

Abstract Microvoids are induced upon uniaxial drawing of films made from immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) binary blends and ternary blends of PP, PS, and a block copolymer SEEPS. The shape of the uniaxially oriented microvoids is rod- or slit-like with a high aspect ratio. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to characterize the dimensions of these microvoids. Their scattering image is an intense azimuthally narrow equatorial streak on a two-dimensional SAXS pattern. This streak is analyzed to obtain the diameter, length and misorientation of the microvoids. The microvoids length is identified as an effective measure of the interfacial adhesion and strength between phase domains. Drawn films of binary blends of PP/PS are found to have the longest microvoids. The initial addition of the block copolymer SEEPS as a compatibilizer enhances the interfacial adhesion and shortens the length of microvoids. Further addition of compatibilizer induces the formation of aggregates of a composite PS/SEEPS dispersed phase, and this leads to reduced interfacial adhesion and a longer microvoids. Interfacial properties are also dependent on the mixing protocol used to produce the blends. The transport property of the films is determined by porosity and the degree of interconnectivity. A convenient measure of the degree of interconnectivity is proposed. The degrees of interconnectivity of these films are in accordance with the interfacial adhesion and strength. Non-equatorial streaks are observed and attributed to the microvoids with a complex orientation and geometry, which are responsible for the interconnectivity among microvoids.
Hemoglobin Rainier (β145 Tyrosine → Histidine): Alkali-Resistant Hemoglobin with Increased Oxygen Affinity

Hemoglobin Rainier, a new hemoglobin variant associated with erythrocytosis, was found in six members of a Caucasiant family. Structurally, it represents substitution of histidine for the invariant residute H23 tyrosine in the beta-hemoglobin polypeptide chain (beta(145) tyrosine --> histidine). Hemoglobin Rainier is the first example of a single amino acid substitution in adult human hemoglobin, causing increased resistance to alkali denaturation.
Full Range Leadership Development: Pathways for People, Profit and Planet

1. Introducing a Full Range of Leadership Development. 2. The Full Range Leadership Development System. 3. Idealized Influence Behaviors and Attributes: The Humane Side of Transformational Leadership. 4. Inspirational Motivation: The Emotional Side of Transformational Leadership. 5. Intellectual Stimulation: The Rational Side of Transformational Leadership. 6. Individualized Consideration: The Nurturing Side of Transformational Leadership. 7. Contingent Reward and Management-By-Exception Active: The Two Faces of Transactional Leadership. 8. Management-by-Exception Passive and Laissez-Faire: Inactive Forms of Leadership. 9. Sharing Full Range Leadership within Teams. 10. Full Range Leadership Development for Strategic, Social and Environmental Leadership Initiatives. Appendix: Master of Leadership Development Program.
Disposal of radioactive wastes by hydraulic fracturing Part V. Site evaluations

Abstract Although hydraulic fracturing has been shown to be a safe and economical method of waste disposal at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, it will be necessary to carry out an extensive site examination program beofre the technique can be used at any other location. The most difficult part of this site examination is proving that the hydraulically induced fractures in the underground rocks are horizontal or nearly so. A site-testing program which utilizes several methods of remote determination of fracture orientation is discussed, but confirmatory core holes from the surface intersecting the test grout sheets will be required.
Aging with spinal cord injury: changes in selected health indices and life satisfaction.

Abstract Charlifue S, Lammertse DP, Adkins RH. Aging with spinal cord injury: changes in selected health indices and life satisfaction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1848-53. Objectives To document the impact of age, age at injury, years postinjury, and injury severity on changes over time in selected physical and psychosocial outcomes of people aging with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to identify the best predictors of these outcomes. Design Retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal examination of people with SCI. Setting Follow-up of people who received initial rehabilitation in a regional Model Spinal Cord Injury System. Participants People who meet the inclusion criteria for the National Spinal Cord Injury Database were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years postinjury. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Number of pressure ulcers, number of times rehospitalized, number of days rehospitalized, perceived health status, satisfaction with life, and pain during the most recent follow-up year. Results The number of days rehospitalized and frequency of rehospitalizations decreased and the number of pressure ulcers increased as time passed. For the variables of pressure ulcers, poor perceived health, the perception of pain and lower life satisfaction, the best predictor of each outcome was the previous existence or poor rating of that same outcome. Conclusions Common complications of SCI often herald the recurrence of those same complications at a later point in time, highlighting the importance of early intervention to prevent future health and psychosocial difficulties.
Enhanced nicotine reward in adulthood after exposure to nicotine during early adolescence in mice

Approximately one million adolescents begin smoking cigarettes every year. Studies show that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to various aspects of nicotine dependence. Work on rodents demonstrates parallel findings showing that adolescence is a time of changed sensitivity to both rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine. However, it is unclear if these effects are long-lasting and whether they contribute to a lifetime of nicotine addiction. In this study we have characterized the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the rewarding properties of nicotine in adulthood using the CPP model. Specifically, we have addressed whether the phase of adolescence (early, middle, or late adolescence) plays a role in the susceptibility to the enhanced rewarding effects of nicotine. Furthermore, we have investigated the long-term effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on nicotine reward in adulthood and have correlated these behavioral adaptations with possible molecular mechanisms. We observed that early adolescence in the mouse is a unique phase for elevated sensitivity to nicotine reward using a CPP model. In addition, exposure to nicotine during this phase, but not during late adolescence or adulthood, resulted in a lasting enhancement of reward in adulthood. Finally, we have shown that early adolescent nicotine exposure significantly elevates nAChR function in adulthood. Overall, we demonstrate that early adolescence represents a period of development, distinct from middle and late adolescence, during which nicotine exposure can cause persistent changes in behavior and molecular adaptations.
Serine transhydroxymethylase in developing mouse brain.

— Serine transhydroxymethylase in extracts from mouse brain declines in specific activity during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. This decrease in potential for synthesis of methylene tetrahydrofolate from serine is most probably compatible with the declining postnatal rates of protein and nucleic acid synthesis.
Computation of a variable location dipole representation from body surface leads.

Abstract A computer method is described which permits the use of a variable location dipole rather than a fixed location dipole as the equivalent generator for the representation of the electrical activity of the heart. The following data are obtainable from digitized voltages of at least four or, preferably, as many independent leads as can be simultaneously recorded: 1. 1. The orthogonal components which define, at each digitized instant, the optimal spatial location of the single dipole. 2. 2. The orthogonal components which define, at each digitized instant, the optimal strength and direction of this dipole. 3. 3. The mean error involved in obtaining the best fit of the digitized voltages of the simultaneously recorded leads, and also the individual errors of each of these leads at each digitized instant of time.
Isolation and characterization of a novel cytochrome P-450-like pseudogene.

Summary A rabbit liver P-450-like pseudogene has been isolated from a λ phage genomic library. Sequence analysis revealed structural homology with respect to the rat P-450b and P-450e genes as well as a similar intron-exon organization. A 5′-proximal TATA box-like sequence and two 3′-distal putative polyadenylation signals were identified, and all putative intronexon boundaries except at the 3′-splice site of intron 2 were found to follow the GT/AG rule. With allowance for apparent deletions and insertions, the structural homology of the amino acid sequence deduced from the pseudogene with respect to rabbit P-450 isozyme 2 is lower for exons 1 through 4 (18–28%) than for exons 5 through 9 (42–65%). S1 nuclease mapping showed that mRNAs complementary to the DNA sequence of exon 9 are expressed. However, due to the alterations in the pseudogene, it appears that functional P-450 would not be produced from such mRNAs.
Ethical Duties of Organizational Citizens: Obligations Owed by Highly Committed Employees

Individuals who demonstrate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) contribute to their organization’s ability to create wealth, but they also owe their organizations a complex set of ethical duties. Although, the academic literature has begun to address the ethical duties owed by organizational leaders to organizational citizens, very little has been written about the duties owed by those who practice OCB to their organizations. In this article, we identify an array of ethical duties owed by those who engage in extra-role behavior and describe those duties in context with personality theory. We suggest that employees who understand the complex nature of OCB and the associated duties they owe to others are more likely to reach their potential and make greater contributions within their organizations.
A Family Therapist's Guide to Bipolar III: Antidepressant-Induced Mania or Hypomania

This article explores the phenomenon of hypomania and mania induced by the treatment with antidepressants, sometimes called bipolar III. Family therapists need to be aware of this phenomenon because estimates are that between 3–10% of depressed individuals may be at risk for developing hypomania or mania when treated with antidepressants. The article discusses implications for family therapists, including their role in the prevention and early detection of antidepressant-induced mania or hypomania.
The inertia sets of graphs with a 2-separation

Abstract For a graph G = ( V , E ) with V = { 1 , 2 , … , n } , let S ( G ) be the set of all symmetric real n × n matrices A = [ a i , j ] with a i , j ≠ 0 , i ≠ j if and only if i j ∈ E . The inertia set of a graph G is the set of all possible inertias of matrices in S ( G ) . In this paper we give a formula that expresses the inertia set of a graph with a 2-separation in terms of the inertia sets of subgraphs of G. This formula follows from an extension to arbitrary fields with characteristic not equal to two.
Double β-lactam regimen compared to an aminoglycoside/β-lactam regimen as empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients

In a prospective, randomized trial, 205 febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients were treated with ceftazidime with or without tobramycin (C±T), both agents being administered only if the initial granulocyte count was below 200/μl, or ceftazidime plus piperacillin (C+P). The overall response rate was 71% (39 of 60 for C±T and 45 of 58 for C+P). Logistic regression analyses documented no evidence of a significant difference between the two regimens in overall treatment effect after accounting for the linear effects of potentially important variables, such as infection type and granulocyte count. Although the response rates for the subgroup of patients with bacteremias was better with the C+P regimen (P=0.06), there was no difference in response for patients with bacteremia and profound (<100/gml) sustained granulocytopenia. The double β-lactam combination demonstrated in vitro synergism in 73%; antagonism was not seen. Both regimens produced execllent serum bactericidal levels (C±T geometric mean peak 1:170; C+P peak 1:137) against gram-negative but not gram-positive pathogens (1:4; 1:7 respectively) that had caused bacteremia. Emergence of resistance and significant coagulopathy and/or bleeding did not occur during therapy. Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity was noted in 7 of 95 trials in the C+P and in 6 of 89 trials in the C±T group (P=0.19). The incidence of secondary infections in patients with profound (<100/μl) sustained granulocytopenia was lower in the C±T group (P=0.04). Alimentary canal anaerobic flora preservation with C±T, and suppression with C+P, was demonstrated. These results suggest that these regimens are of similar effectiveness and neigher is associated with major toxicity.
Software metrics as a programming training tool

Abstract Software metrics have been recommended for quite some time as a tool to help manage the development and maintenance of computer software; however, little attention has been focused on using software metrics as a programmer training tool. Training on software complexity metrics was integrated into an advanced Cobol programming class, and a simple experiment was performed to determine if the training had any effect on program complexity, development time, and several dimensions of quality. This article describes the results of the study and presents a general outline of software complexity concepts that should be included in programming courses.
Arc Thermal Recovery Speed in Different Gases and Gas Mixtures

One important requirement for circuit breakers when interrupting, short line fault currents is their ability to withstand the initial rise of the recovery voltage immediately after current zero. For gas flow breakers this capability is limited by the thermal recovery speed oI tne gas. The measured relative thermal recovery performance of various gases and their mixtures are reported. They differ by more than four orders of magnitude. Some of the gases have been selected because of their possible candidacy for application. Others because of the expeotid effect of their ditterent gas parameters on interruption performance. An attempt has been made to correlate specific mass dependent thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the gases to their thermal interruption performance.
ENACTING NEW PERSPECTIVES THROUGH WORK ACTIVITIES DURING ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION

ABSTRACTThis article explores a behavioural counterpart to the changes in interpretiveschemes that characterize organizational transformation. It investigates theexperiences of organizational members (especially lower level members) whointroduce new perspectives through the work they carry out during transforma-tion. Results of a multi-year study in a religious order undergoing trainsformationindicated that members engaged in work that enacted a new perspective wereless likely than other members to be appointed to organizational committeesand more likely to leave the order. Members involved in work enacting a newperspective who remained in the order came to perceive themselves as lessimportant to leaders but more influential in the order than other members did.INTRODUCTIONIn the past five years, researchers have begun to explore the phenomenon oforganizational transformation {e.g., Bartunek, 1988; Child and Smith, 1987;Gemmill and Smith, 1985; Greenwood and Hinings, 1987; Kilmann and Covin,1987; Levy and Merry, 1986; Quinn and Cameron, 1988). As opposed to moretypically studied changes in organizations - changes in which organizationsattempt to act more effectively within their already established frameworks orinterpretive schemes {e.g., Bullock and Svyantek, 1985; Woodman and Wayne,1985) - organizational transformations encompass discontinuous shifts in theorganization's interpretive schemes or frameworks. As one prominent exampleof such a shift, AT&T came to view itself as a high technology company ratherthan as a telephone company (Tushman and Romanelli 1985). Similarly,Cadbury Limited has undergone a transformation away from an ideology of'Cadburyism', which included considerable concern about employees, towardsa very different ideology, in which emphasis has been placed on, among otherthings, profitability and the elimination of labour (Child and Smith, 1987).Address for reprints. Jean M. Bartunek, Department of Organizational Studies, Boston College,Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167, USA.
Effects of compressibility on the temperature jump at the interface of layered, spherical‐shell convection

Large temperature jumps at the interface of layered convection are important to the argument used against the likelihood of separate circulations in the upper and lower mantles. This problem was studied within the framework of a compressible, constant viscosity spherical-shell model. Both mechanical and thermal coupling configurations are considered. Although the temperature jumps are reduced by compressibility, their magnitudes remain quite large, in the case of mechanical coupling. For thermal coupling, the temperature jumps become smaller but still are substantial, between 500 to 1000 C. In layered spherical-shell convection, flows in the lower mantle are several times greater than the surface velocities.
Effects of Response Scales on the Expected Distribution of Judgments of Social Stimuli

A 4 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted in which 60 Ss perused briefly a list of occupations, holding in mind one of four types of scales, and then estimated the total number that would fall into each category of one of three types of scales. The perusal scales had three discriminating categories on one or the other side of the “average” category and a single nondiscriminating category on the opposite side or had three categories on each side of the “average” one; or no designated scale was kept in mind during perusal. For estimation, one of the two unbalanced scales or the balanced one was used. The results indicated that the expected distribution of judgments was not differentially affected by the type of scale used during perusal but was by the type used for estimation. The unbalanced scales produced distributions weighted in the direction of the side of the scale containing the three discriminating categories.
On the Relationship Between Human Thyrotrophin Research Standard A, the United States Pharmacopeia Thyrotrophin Standard (Bovine) and the International Standard for Thyrotrophin (Bovine)

ABSTRACT Human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) may be validly bioassayed in terms of bovine TSH when using the Lamberg assay (Acta Med Scand, Suppl. 279, 1953). This has permitted development of a conversion factor between Human Thyrotrophin Research Standard A (HTRS-A), the United States Pharmacopeia Thyrotrophin Standard (bovine) (USPTSH) and the latter's exact equivalent, the International Standard for Thyrotrophin (bovine). Our results show that 1.00 USP or International unit is equivalent to 0.78 HTRS-A unit. This relationship is valid only when using the Lamberg assay and may be expected to vary if different bioassay systems are utilized.
Reflexive rings and subrings of a product of Dedekind domains

Abstract An extension of Warfield duality for modules over rings whose integral closure is a finite product of Dedekind domains is given. Our main example illustrating the concepts also substantiates a conjecture of Matlis.
The Power of Involving House Staff in Quality Improvement An Interdisciplinary House Staff–Driven Vaccination Initiative

Immunization for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia were incorporated into The Joint Commission "global immunization" core measure January 1, 2012. The authors' hospital chose to adhere strictly to guidelines to avoid overvaccination. An immunization order set was created to aid appropriate ordering practices. In spite of this effort, compliance rates remained below the goal. The objective was to improve compliance with inpatient vaccination core measures to >96%. An educational slide set was created and distributed by the Housestaff Patient Safety and Quality Council (HPSQC). A competition was established among departments. Finally, the HPSQC partnered with quality improvement staff to improve communication and optimize concurrent review processes. The average compliance prior to the HPSQC vaccination initiative was 78% for pneumococcal pneumonia and 84% for influenza; average compliance in the months following the intervention was 96% and 97.5%, respectively. This project yielded significant improvement in compliance with vaccination core measures.
Women's contributions to American public relations, 1940‐1970

Purpose – This paper seeks to map the employment of female professionals to create a collective biography of women in US public relations from 1940‐1970. It aims to suggest that women were active leaders in many areas of public relations, despite the exclusion of women from most historical accounts.Design/methodology/approach – The author completed a content analysis of a women's professional directory published in 1970. This directory summarizes women's accomplishments during this critical time period in the development of the public relations profession. The sample of 520 entries was analyzed for demographics and career statistics in relation to social perceptions that prevailed during this timeframe.Findings – The paper offers empirical insights into the work of female public relations practitioners. It quantifies employment in managerial and technical positions in a variety of industries, charts the trends in employment, and offers support for theoretical explanations for why women were essentially in...
Computers as cognitive media: examining the potential of computers in education

Despite a history of achieving only marginal benefits from using technology in education, many schools and other educational organizations are investing heavily in computer technology. This paper examines common criticisms of educational computer use, considers how society and schools have reacted to previous technological trends, and outlines relationships between diverse approaches to computer use and the ensuing outcomes that can be expected. Two approaches to media use, representational and generative, are described in an attempt to identify instructional approaches that improve educational quality.
Promoting interdisciplinary efforts not new

Since AGU is attempting to encourage more cooperation between the branches of oceanography, I thought readers may be interested in the following quote from a paper by Columbus Iselin [Some physical factors which may influence the productivity of New England's coastal waters, J. Mar. Res., 2, 74–85, 1939]: Of recent years physical oceanographers have gradually gained a more satisfactory understanding of the circulation problem. While it is true that most of this advance has resulted from studying the deep, ocean currents, nevertheless, the new principles also can be applied to the more difficult conditions found near the coast. More and more the physical investigators are working independently from the marine biologists. It is hoped that the following discussion of factors causing variations in the temperature and salinity of coastal waters off New England will demonstrate the biological significance of some of the modern physical investigations, and also perhaps help to bring the two branches of oceanography closer together again.
Holographic Interferometry Applied To Symmetric Aerodynamic Models In A Wind Tunnel

The technique of holographic interferometry provides a means for noninvasive measurement of the air density distribution in the flow field in the vicinity of an aerodynamic model. A test of the applicability of this technique was the objective of this investigation. A holographic interferometer was installed in the 2- by 2-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center. Several tests were conducted with this system on two axisymmetric models, one at subsonic and the other at supersonic speeds. Holograms were made of the flow field around the model for several test conditions. These holograms were reconstructed into interferograms in the laboratory. The fringe distribution (a measure of local densities) from a number of interferograms was digitized for subsequent data reduction. A computer program based on the Fourier transform technique was developed to convert the fringe distribution into a three-dimensional distribution of air density around the model. These results will be presented in this paper.
Increasing the Gravimetric Energy Density of Organic Based Secondary Battery Cathodes Using Small Radius Cations (Li+ and Mg2+)

One of the major challenges in electrochemical energy storage (EES) is increasing the gravimetric capacity and energy density of the cathode material. Here we demonstrate how to increase the gravimetric energy density of electrical energy storage devices based on the use of organic materials through exploitation of the strong ionic coupling between a reduced carbonyl functionality and small cations such as lithium (Li+) and magnesium (Mg2+). Binding of the cation to the reduced carbonyl results in a positive shift of the formal reduction potential of the carbonyl couple. This has the effect of increasing the cell voltage which, in turn, results in an increase in the energy density. We show how this interaction can be used to dramatically increase, by up to a factor of 2, the energy density for a selected case study using 1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (DTED). We have carried out electrochemical and computational studies in order to understand the thermodynamic (positive shift of 250 mV and 1 V in t...
Cyclophosphamide metabolism in the primary immune organs of the chick: assays of drug activation, P450 expression, and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Several diagnostic catalytic assays were used to determine whether organ-specific metabolic activation or detoxification of cyclophosphamide (CP) contributes to the selective toxicity of CP directed towards differentiating B cells as compared to T cells in the developing chicken. An assay for the alkylation of 4-[p-nitrobenzyl] pyridine (NBP) was used to assess comparative levels of CP activation products generated from microsomal preparations from liver, bursa of Fabricius (B cells), and thymus (T cells) of day-old chicks. Three catalytic assays were used to characterize and compare cytochrome P450-associated enzyme activities in neonatal hepatic and lymphoid tissues. Aldrin epoxidase (AE) was used to detect phenobarbital (PB)-inducible P450 activity. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) were used for the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-inducible P450 activities in control and PB- or 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB)-induced animals. Using the NBP assay, basal and PB-induced CP activation were observed using chick liver microsomes. However, no evidence of CP activation from immune organ microsomes was observed in control, PB-, or TCB-induced chicks. Basal and PB-induced AE activities were observed in thymus, but not bursa, and represented less than 1% of basal liver activity. EROD activity was detected in TCB-induced samples from both thymus and bursa, the thymus having the greater activity. Activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an enzyme involved in CP detoxification, were about equal in cytosolic fractions from the bursa and thymus. These studies suggest strongly that tissue-specific differences in metabolic capacities are not the major factors governing the selective toxicity of CP directed towards differentiating B lymphocytes in vivo.
Evaluation of four cursor control devices during a target acquisition task for laparoscopic tool control.

Abstract Current laparoscopic surgery instruments create awkward postures which produce fatigue and pressure points in surgeons. In order to alleviate some of this discomfort a new laparoscopic tool had been developed with the inclusion of an articulating end-effector manipulated by a trackball. The current study was developed to access the performance of four input devices which could replace the manual trackball in a powered laparoscopic tool. A simple Fitts’ law task was conducted and the devices’ performance was evaluated with both subjective and objective measures. This article makes three main contributions to the scientific community. First, it provides a comparison of four control devices (TouchPad, Mouse Button Module, MiniJoystick Module and MicroJoystick) for use in a powered laparoscopic tool. Second, it provides an understanding of how the non-traditional measure of target re-entry can be utilized to compare control devices and how this relates to the more traditional measures of throughput and error rate. Finally, it contributes to the understanding of how a user's familiarity with a control device could affect the subjective and objective performance of the device. The main results indicate that the TouchPad and MicroJoystick are the best candidate-devices for use in a powered laparoscopic tool. The article also provides support for utilizing the new measure target re-entry when comparing control performance. Although studied in the application of laparoscopic surgery, the results can be generalized for the design of any hand-held device in which the speed and accuracy of the control device is critical.
The reduction of perchlorate by hydrogenation catalysts

Abstract Perchlorate competes with thyroid uptake of iodide, an essential nutrient for the production of thyroid hormones. Despite the extensive attempts to reduce perchlorate in aqueous solution, the process is slow and requires high temperatures even in the presence of catalysts. Therefore, perchlorate reduction under hydrogen atmosphere was employed. Monometallic and bimetallic Pt based catalysts (e.g., Pt/C, Ni-Pt/C, Co-Pt/C, and W-Pt/C) supported on activated carbon were prepared by successive incipient wet impregnation method and used for gas-phase reduction of perchlorate pre-adsorbed onto the activated carbon. The catalysts were characterized for hydrogen chemisorption and XPS. Hydrogen uptake was in the order: Co-Pt/C > W-Pt/C ≈ Pt/C > Ni-Pt/C. The least H 2 uptake by Ni-Pt/C was likely due to lower dispersion on activated carbon surface with 11.5% vs. 36% for Pt/C. There was a good correlation between hydrogen uptake by impregnated activated carbon (IAC) and perchlorate reduction. The Co-Pt/C exhibited the highest hydrogen uptake and the best perchlorate reduction while Ni-Pt/C was the least reducing system. When Co-Pt/C was used almost 90% of perchlorate was reduced at 25 °C and initial surface concentration of perchlorate of 11.47 mg g −1 in 24 h. The reaction rate increased 10-folds when the reaction temperature was raised to 75 °C. In 24 h reaction time, increase of temperature from 25 to 75 °C resulted in additional 10% (Co-Pt/C) and 30% (Ni-Pt/C) increase in perchlorate reduction for Co-Pt/AC and Ni-Pt/AC, respectively, which brought the reduction efficiency close to 100%. The only reaction product that evolved was Cl − , indicating that the cleavage of the first oxygen atom of perchlorate was the rate-limiting step. The lowest activation energy for the reduction of perchlorate was 39.5 kJ mol −1 for Co-Pt/C. Results also showed that the activation of gaseous hydrogen molecules on metal catalysts was the major reducing step, although deposited metals also participated in the perchlorate reduction directly. Results of XPS analysis revealed that during adsorption/reduction some portion of the second metal in the bimetallic catalysts was lost due to dissolution while Pt was very stable.
Method for determination of specific activity of proteins in polyacrylamide gels

Abstract A method is described for estimating protein content and radioactivity from the same solution of dissolved acrylamide gel. The gels are made utilizing ethylene diacrylate as a cross-linking agent, which permits the gel to be dissolved in 1 N NaOH. Protein is then determined by standard methods and NCS is used as a solubilizer for liquid scintilation.
Repair of abdominal wall hernias with restoration of abdominal wall function.

Our operative approach to the repair of abdominal wall hernias has changed tremendously over the last two decades based on our ongoing insight into the etiopathogenesis of their development. For instance, 20 years ago, use of alloplastic prosthetic material in the repair of direct inguinal hernias was rare, but currently, the accepted standard of care involves routine use of prosthetic material to “repair” the defective inguinal floor. Repair of incisional hernias of the anterior abdominal wall is undergoing a similar transition with our appreciation of recurrence rates of >50% in long-term follow-up studies of autogenous tissue repairs. Moreover, research into the inherent metabolic abnormalities in wound healing in the majority of patients developing incisional hernias in the absence of technical errors or tissue loss had led to evidence-based support for the use of prosthetic material in the repair of incisional hernias. Indeed, most herniologists today believe that prosthetic material to repair or reinforce the repair of incisional hernias is imperative in these patients to assure the best results. In addition, interest in the biomechanics of the abdominal wall and its musculature has altered the operative approaches as well. For instance, the technique of components separation offers restoration of medialization of the rectus muscles, but this repair is an autologous repair despite the concept of it being a “tension-free” repair. With these considerations in mind, this technique-based manuscript will describe the open and laparoscopic techniques we utilize for repair of incisional hernia. While we have our own parochial beliefs, we believe strongly that the literature supports the concepts of (1) a sublay repair (versus an onlay or inlay repair), (2) wide lateral overlap of prosthesis to maximize surface ingrowth and/or sublay support, and (3) restoration of reapproximation of the rectus musculature whenever possible. With these approaches and employing the above concepts, recurrence rates should be about 5%.
The Kentucky Tragedy: A Story of Conflict and Change in Antebellum America – By Dickson D. Bruce Jr.

Early on the morning of 7 November 1825, Jereboam O. Beauchamp stabbed to death Colonel Solomon P. Sharp in the entryway of Sharp's Frankfort, Kentucky, home. Beauchamp killed Sharp because he had ...
Biofuel production and kinetics analysis for microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellet

Abstract Microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellet was investigated to determine the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of bio-oil, syngas, and charcoal using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface analysis. The research results indicated that thermo-chemical conversion reactions can take place rapidly in large-sized biomass pellet by using microwave pyrolysis. The yields of bio-oil and syngas were increased with the reaction temperature and time. The highest yield of bio-oils was 57.8% (dry biomass basis) obtained at 471 °C and 15 min. GC/MS analysis indicated that the bio-oils were mainly composed of phenols, guaiacols, furans, ketones/aldehydes, and organic acids. The yield of specific chemicals such as furans and phenolic compounds were highly related to the reaction temperature. The syngas contained high value chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and short chain hydrocarbons. A third-order reaction mechanism fits well the microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellet with activation energy of 33.5 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 3.03 s−1.
Conceptual optical design and system engineering of the CLARREO/RS (reflected solar) instrument suite

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) program objectives are recommended by the NRC as a Tier-1 mission in its January 15, 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey to be the key component of a future decade-scale, global climate change observing system. The purpose of CLARREO is to make SI-traceable absolute observations sensitive to the most critical, but least understood climate forcing phenomena, responses, and feedbacks. NASA / LaRC is the mission lead as well as the Infrared (IR) instrument suite development lead. The Reflected Solar (RS) instrument lead center has been assigned to GSFC where engineering risk reduction and science calibration demonstration studies are being conducted on flight-like ETUs in anticipation of entry into Phase A. The RS instrument suite (SOLARIS) is composed of multiple all-aluminum, slit-based, push-broom imaging spectroradiometers of nearly identical construction. Each 'box' will be optimized to provide better than 8nm spectral resolution (using multiple detector elements) over a specific spectral band covering the 320-2300nm total range with significant overlaps to aid calibration. Optical design, fabrication, and alignment will provide for 500m nadir resolutions over a full slit field of 100km from an approximately 600km polar orbit greater than 90% of the time. SNRs are likewise required to exceed 33 for λ < 900nm and 25 for λ < 900nm. The maximum radiometric sensitivity to any naturally-occurring polarized scene elements is expected to be between 0.5% - 0.75% for λ < 1000nm and λ <1000nm respectively. The RS suite system will be capable of demonstrating a long-term, spectrally- & spatially-averaged, systematic radiometric error of less than 0.3% (k=2). Coupled with measurements from on-board GPS radio occultation receivers and inherent inter-calibration compatibility with existing and future Earth science and operational missions, these measurements will provide a long-term benchmarking data record for the detection, projection, and attribution of changes to our planet's climate system. The CLARREO Project team successfully completed its Mission Concept Review (MCR) on November 17, 2010 at LaRC with high marks and remains dedicated to the mission and its instruments. However, the launch readiness date (LRD) is yet to be determined pending budget directive updates from the White House along with review of the IR and RS calibration demonstration efforts (extended pre-Phase A).
Troubling distinctions: a semiotics of the nursing/technology relationship

I consider the discursive practices that have served conceptually and ontologically to trouble the boundaries between nursing and technology: between nurse/human/subject and machine/non-human/object. Nursing and technology have been semiotically related largely by two processes: (a) by the metaphor that depicts nursing as technology and (b) by opposition, or as not like and even in conflict with technology. Less frequently but no less significantly, nursing and technology have been semiotically linked (c) by the metaphor that depicts technology as nursing and (d) by metonymy, or by word or picture juxtapositions of nursing with technology. The troubling distinctions between nursing and technology suggest yet another reason why the construction of difference continues to elude nursing.
Efficient Regressions via Optimally Combining Quantile Information.

We develop a generally applicable framework for constructing efficient estimators of regression models via quantile regressions. The proposed method is based on optimally combining information over multiple quantiles and can be applied to a broad range of parametric and nonparametric settings. When combining information over a fixed number of quantiles, we derive an upper bound on the distance between the efficiency of the proposed estimator and the Fisher information. As the number of quantiles increases, this upper bound decreases and the asymptotic variance of the proposed estimator approaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound under appropriate conditions. In the case of non-regular statistical estimation, the proposed estimator leads to super-efficient estimation. We illustrate the proposed method for several widely used regression models. Both asymptotic theory and Monte Carlo experiments show the superior performance over existing methods.
Estimating a Stockkeeping-Unit-Level Brand Choice Model That Combines Household Panel Data and Store Data

Abstract The marketing literature has addressed the issues of heterogeneity and endogeneity when estimating a choice model with household-level panel data. When using these data at the stockkeeping unit or the Universal Product Code level, choices for each item in each of the time periods under consideration cannot be observed. Without such information, it is difficult to control for item- and time period–specific unmeasured characteristics because there is no information on alternatives during those periods in which they are not purchased by any of the panelists. In general, when a product category has many alternatives, each with fairly small shares, the household sample may not contain sufficient choices for each alternative, thus negatively affecting the ability to control for endogeneity with household data. In contrast, because aggregate store-level data (for those stores in which the panel makes purchases) are the aggregation of purchases by all households visiting the stores, the data contain the ...
Evolution of Hot Corrosion Behavior of YSZ‐Ta2O5 Composites with Different YSZ/Ta2O5 Ratios

This study compares the hot corrosion performance of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-Ta2O5 composite mixtures (TaYSZ) in the presence of molten mixture of Na2SO4 + V2O5 at 1100°C. The tested compositions vary from pure YSZ (0TaYSZ) to a Ta2O5-dominating (70 wt% Ta2O5+ balance YSZ, 70TaYSZ) composite mixture with a gradual increase of Ta2O5. 50TaYSZ (50 wt% Ta2O5 + balance YSZ) sample forms a highly stable zirconium tantalum oxide. 50TaYSZ is more stable, both thermally and chemically in Na2SO4+V2O5 media at 1100°C, than other tested YSZ-Ta2O5 (TaYSZ) composites, and shows a good hot corrosion resistance.
Spin Chemical Control of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Processes in Ruthenium(II)-Trisbipyridine-Based Supramolecular Triads: 2. The Effect of Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium as Heteroatom in the Azine Donor

Nanosecond time-resolved absorption studies in a magnetic field ranging from 0 to 2.0 T have been performed on a series of covalently linked donor(PXZ)−Ru(bipyridine)3−acceptor(diquat) complexes (D−C2+−A2+). In the PXZ moiety, the heteroatom (X = O (oxygen), T (sulfur), and S (selenium)) is systematically varied to study spin−orbit coupling effects. On the nanosecond time scale, the first detectable photoinduced electron-transfer product after exciting the chromophore C2+ is the charge-separated (CS) state, D+−C2+−A+, where an electron of the PXZ moiety, D, has been transferred to the diquat moiety, A2+. The magnetic-field-dependent kinetic behavior of charge recombination (monoexponential at 0 T progressing to biexponential for all three complexes with increasing field) can be quantitatively modeled by the radical pair relaxation mechanism assuming creation of the CS state with pure triplet spin correlation (3CS). Magnetic-field-independent contributions to the rate constant kr of T± → (T0,S) relaxation ...
A focused curriculum in surgical oncology for the third-year medical students.

Abstract Background Educating medical students in surgical subspecialty fields can be challenging, and the optimal timing and curriculum remain unknown. Despite advocacy for earlier exposure, competing core clerkship rotations often leave little time for subspecialty fields. We report our experience with a novel, short, and focused curriculum in surgical oncology for the third-year medical students. Methods A 2-wk (2009–2010) and a 4-wk (2010–2011) curriculum in surgical oncology were developed for the third-year students at a tertiary-referral cancer center, including formal didactics, rotation in clinical service of students' choosing (breast, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or melanoma), and case-based learning and presentation. Paired pre- and postrotation questionnaires were prospectively completed, including 20 items assessing knowledge and four items assessing experience. Grading was anonymous, and change in score was assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Paired questionnaires from 47 students (2-wk rotation, n = 26; 4-wk rotation, n = 21) showed a median improvement of three points (21.4%) from pre- to posttests ( P Conclusions A short and focused curriculum in surgical oncology, including structured didactics and clinical rotation, had positive impact for the third-year students. Given the increasing work-hour limits, it is important to note that the time spent in the clinical setting continues to be ranked as the most educationally valuable by medical students.
5′ to 3′ mRNA Decay Factors Colocalize with Ty1 Gag and Human APOBEC3G and Promote Ty1 Retrotransposition

The genomic RNA of retroviruses and retrovirus-like transposons must be sequestered from the cellular translational machinery so that it can be packaged into viral particles. Eukaryotic mRNA processing bodies (P bodies) play a central role in segregating cellular mRNAs from the translational machinery for storage or decay. In this work, we provide evidence that the RNA of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon is packaged into virus-like particles (VLPs) in P bodies. Ty1 RNA is translationally repressed, and Ty1 Gag, the capsid and RNA binding protein, accumulates in discrete cytoplasmic foci, a subset of which localize to P bodies. Human APOBEC3G, a potent Ty1 restriction factor that is packaged into Ty1 VLPs via an interaction with Gag, also localizes to P bodies. The association of APOBEC3G with P bodies does not require Ty1 element expression, suggesting that P-body localization of APOBEC3G and Ty1 Gag precedes VLP assembly. Additionally, we report that two P-body-associated 5' to 3' mRNA decay pathways, deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (DDD) and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), stimulate Ty1 retrotransposition. The additive contributions of DDD and NMD explain the strong requirement for general 5' to 3' mRNA degradation factors Dcp1, Dcp2, and Xrn1 in Ty1 retromobility. 5' to 3' decay factors act at a posttranslational step in retrotransposition, and Ty1 RNA packaging into VLPs is abolished in the absence of the 5' to 3' exonuclease Xrn1. Together, the results suggest that VLPs assemble in P bodies and that 5' to 3' mRNA decay is essential for the packaging of Ty1 RNA in VLPs.