cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light harvesting in photosystems I and II

Organization and characteristics Photosystems I and I1 in oxygenic organisms are each composed of two parts: an evolutionarily conserved core complex and an evolutionarily divergent light-harvesting complex (LHC). Although each complex contains multiple pigment proteins, here we present a synopsis of the biochemistry of only those in LHC I and LHC 11. In higher pIant thylakoid membranes there are probably nine different LHC pigment proteins: four associated with LHC I and five with LHC I1 (Table 1). There is a similarity between the sizes of the LHC I pigment proteins and those of LHC 11. Furthermore, the major component of each LHC (LHC
Reality and Fantasy: The Chinese-American Woman's Quest for Identity

Maxine Hong Kingston explores with uncanny frankness and sensitivity in her first autobiographical novel, The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, the dilemma of the Chinese-American woman as she struggles for selfhood in a chaotic and hostile environment. Straddling two cultures, Maxine, the author/heroine, has to confront the reality or fiction of her Chinese heritage that reaches her mainly through her mother's mythical yet authoritative "talk-stories," and the equally puzzling realities of her American birth, education, and experience. Both heritages impose external limitations and demand prescribed behaviors even though she is constantly aware of the remoteness of ancestral China and her essential separation from it, as well as her marginal status of exclusion and alienation in the American society. As a ChineseAmerican woman, Maxine must come to terms with her past and present, with China and America, with woman-as-slave and woman-aswarrior, and thus find her own identity and voice, one that is not externally imposed but self-expressive, born painfully out of the experience of alienation and suffering. This journey necessarily involves a rejection of all superficial authorities and restrictions, either Chinese or American, in order for her to open the way toward individual growth and self-expression that fuse the past with the present, the Chinese simultaneously with the American. This quest for selfhood must involve a deliberate act of self-assertion. She must deal with her Chinese-American-ness in the depth of her own being in order to know who she is and where she belongs. Values and behaviors deemed meaningful and valid to other women may turn out to be myths and falsehoods to her. She must examine established values and behaviors and then evaluate them in terms of her own perception and experience. As a Chinese girl growing up in America, Maxine has to test her strength to establish realities in the midst of conflicting alternatives: "Those of us in the first American generation have had to figure out how the invisible world the emigrants built around our childhoods fit in solid America."' Growing up is a painful process for any youngster any
Is a double-blind clinical trial really double-blind? A report of doctors' medication guesses.

In a double-blind trial of meprobamate and placebo, carried out with 138 anxious neurotic outpatients, psychiatrists performed medication guesses after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of therapy. At the same time, physician and patient independently completed several improvement measures and the physician recorded the presence or absence of side reactions as spontaneously reported by the patient.
The Nutrition of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe

Yeasts have been, for almost a century, the bases of investigations leading to fundamental discoveries which have become the foundation upon which much of modern biological science has been built. Accord? ing to R. J. Williams (1941), "Some of the most far-reaching dis? coveries in the whole field of biology have been made in connection with the study of yeasts." The object of this investigation was to devise a complete synthetic medium, consisting of known quantities of chemically defined substances, in which the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Y-658 grows optimally. It is hoped that this contribution may aid in further metabolic studies.
Effect of arginine-vasopressin and lysine-vasopressin on plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in man.

Summary(1) Intravenous administration of highly purified arginine-vasopressin in man is associated with a significant increase in plasma concentration of free 17-OHCS.(2) Highly purified lysine-vasopressin causes higher plasma 17-OHCS levels than highly purified arginine-vasopressin when administered by means of an intravenous injection.(3) Increase in plasma concentration of free 17-OHCS observed when Pitressin is administered in man can be completely accounted for by the vasopressin content of Pitressin.The authors wish to express appreciation to Daniel W. Clink, Francis A. Esposito, and Raymond W. Patrick for technical assistance.
Performance Monitoring of Economic Model Predictive Control Systems

A framework for performance monitoring of economic model predictive control (EMPC) systems is presented which includes the computation of an acceptable operating region, which is a well-defined region in state-space, for EMPC systems to operate a process in a time-varying fashion to optimize process economics while meeting input constraints and stabilizability requirements. To capture the interplay between sources of common cause variance caused by various sources like sensor noise, imperfect actuator operation, and model inaccuracy, a residual variable taken to be the difference of actual real-time economic cost and the predicted (expected) economic cost is defined. Utilizing exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and historical closed-loop process data, an upper control limit and a lower control limit are established which defines normal operation (i.e., operation with common cause variation). The limits are utilized to monitor the performance of EMPC by comparing real-time process operation data ...
Atg5 Is Essential for the Development and Survival of Innate Lymphocytes

Autophagy is an essential cellular survival mechanism that is required for adaptive lymphocyte development; however, its role in innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development remains unknown. Furthermore, the conditions that promote lymphocyte autophagy during homeostasis are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Atg5, an essential component of the autophagy machinery, is required for the development of mature natural killer (NK) cells and group 1, 2, and 3 innate ILCs. Although inducible ablation of Atg5 was dispensable for the homeostasis of lymphocyte precursors and mature lymphocytes in lymphoreplete mice, we found that autophagy is induced in both adaptive and innate lymphocytes during homeostatic proliferation in lymphopenic hosts to promote their survival by limiting cell-intrinsic apoptosis. Induction of autophagy through metformin treatment following homeostatic proliferation increased lymphocyte numbers through an Atg5-dependent mechanism. These findings highlight the essential role for autophagy in ILC development and lymphocyte survival during lymphopenia.
Status of mirror segment production for the Giant Magellan Telescope

The Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona is responsible for production of the eight 8.4 m segments for the primary mirror of the Giant Magellan Telescope, including one spare off-axis segment. We report on the successful casting of Segment 4, the center segment. Prior to generating the optical surface of Segment 2, we carried out a major upgrade of our 8.4 m Large Optical Generator. The upgrade includes new hardware and software to improve accuracy, safety, reliability and ease of use. We are currently carrying out an upgrade of our 8.4 m polishing machine that includes improved orbital polishing capabilities. We added and modified several components of the optical tests during the manufacture of Segment 1, and we have continued to improve the systems in preparation for Segments 2-8. We completed two projects that were prior commitments before GMT Segment 2: casting and polishing the combined primary and tertiary mirrors for the LSST, and casting and generating a 6.5 m mirror for the Tokyo Atacama Observatory.
Digital Diasporas: Diasporas, Identity, and Information Technology

How does one move from the challenge of migration – sometimes traumatic – to the creation of hybrid identities, inclusive of democratic values, and supportive of integration, peace, and security? How might these identities lead to contributions of peace and prosperity in the homeland? How does the Internet support these processes? This chapter examines the relationship between diaspora, identity, mobilization, and the contributions of IT. Following a discussion of diaspora, I consider identity, why it is important and how it emerges. I then introduce the factors that influence diasporans' ability to mobilize identity, and analyze what motivates this mobilization and its direction. Next, I examine how IT contributes to facilitating diaspora identity construction, building diaspora communities, and supporting identity mobilization. I end the chapter with a summary model that links diaspora identity, community formation, and outcomes, identifying the Internet's contributions to each of these. WHAT IS A DIASPORA? Simply put, “Modern diasporas are ethnic minority groups of migrant origins residing and acting in host countries but maintaining strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin – their homelands” (Sheffer 1986a, 3). Several features common to diasporas bind their members and suggest a potential for collective action. Cohen (1997, 515) identifies a range of these, including: A collective memory and myth about the homeland. An idealization of the putative ancestral home and a collective commitment to its maintenance, restoration, safety and prosperity, even to its creation. The development of a return movement that gains collective approbation. A strong ethnic group consciousness sustained over a long time and based on a sense of distinctiveness, a common history, and the belief in a common fate [and] […]
Putting distributed representations into context

ABSTRACTThe merits of distributed representations are widely discussed but, I believe, largely misunderstood. My purpose in this paper is to put the issue of distributed representations into context. I will argue that the term distributed is only meaningful with respect to that which is being represented and that degree to which a localist or a distributed code is more desirable depends on the goals of the computation to be performed. I will also argue that localist codes play an essential role in symbolic neural computation.
Monitoring asthma: no matter how?

The ultimate goal of asthma care is to obtain and maintain control, and optimise prognosis for patients [1]. Monitoring and treatment adjustments tailored to patients' needs and wishes are essential to achieve controlled asthma and are therefore a fundamental part of comprehensive asthma management. However, the best strategy for asthma monitoring and its frequency are still unknown [2]. In daily practice, healthcare professionals combine scheduled routine clinical visits, lung function tests, repeated targeted education and questionnaires to evaluate asthma control and/or quality of life. Furthermore, adherence to treatment is strongly associated with asthma control [1, 3]. Although proper treatment of asthma could prevent exacerbations, several studies have suggested that the majority of patients do not have adequate control of their disease [4]. For a large part, this may be explained by suboptimal adherence; in patients with asthma adherence varies between 30 and 70% [5–7]. Monitoring asthma: towards personalised e-Health!
Exploring Coordination Models for Ad Hoc Programming Teams

Software development is a complex task with inherently interdependent sub-components. Prior work on crowdsourcing software engineering has addressed this problem by performing an a priori decomposition of the task into well-defined microtasks that individual crowd workers can complete independently. Alternatively, ad hoc teams of experts recruited from online crowds can remotely collaborate, avoiding the up-front cost to end users of task decomposition. However, these temporary ad hoc teams can lead to high coordination costs during the session itself. In this paper, we explore the types and causes of these coordination costs for transient software teams in existing collaborative programming tools: a version control system and a real-time shared editor. Based on our findings, we suggest design elements of shared programming environments that help teams effectively self-coordinate on their task.
Autonomous soft exosuit with hip extension assistance for overground walking and jogging

Wearable soft exosuits have been developed to as a way to provide gait assistance. Previously, our lab has created a multi-joint exosuit that powered both the ankle and hip joint to provide walking assistance [1]. In order to create a smaller and lighter system, we proposed a exosuit that provides assistive torque to only the hip joint. Furthermore, we recently showed that it is possible to reduce net metabolic expenditure during not only walking but also jogging by assisting hip extension with an off-board system [2]. The objective of this study was to develop a robust and portable hip-only system capable of providing consistent external assistance to the hip joint for both overground walking and jogging.
PREDICTING FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES FROM ACCELERATED THERMAL AND ULTRAVIOLET AGING DATA

ABSTRACT A 30-year lifetime for photovoltaic (PV) modules is necessary for such applications as central-station power generation. A key to the achievement of this target is an understanding of the failure mechanisms related to aging-induced degradation of materials in field environments, including the ability to forecast long-term effects of exposure to high temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light. Some results of a research program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, aimed at characterizing aging mechanisms in polymeric PV encapsulant materials, are described. The development of an analytical structure for assessing the significance of thermal-UV-induced transmission losses in ethylene vinyl acetate in simulated 30-year field exposure at various U.S. sites is discussed.
Maxmin Versus Minmax

In this chapter we will consider games where one player or the other is compelled to make the first move, with the other player having the privilege of examining it before making his own choice. A game is usually represented as a rectangular matrix of payoffs (utilities) to player 1. The rows and columns will be referred to as “strategies”. In any play of the game, the payoff is at the intersection of the row chosen by player 1 and the column chosen by player 2. Player 1 makes his choice in the hope of making the payoff as large as possible, so he will be referred to as the maximizer. Since the game is zero-sum, player 2 has the opposite motivation, and will therefore be referred to as the minimizer. There is no need to develop an explicit notation for player 2’s payoff, but there is a need to remember the convention that “payoff” invariably means “payoff to player 1”. The matrix format is the game’s “normal” form.
Mechanisms Associated with Aging and Age-Related Disease in Drosophila

MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH AGING AND AGE-RELATED DISEASE IN DROSOPHILA Melanie Ann Jones, B.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010. Director: Dr. Michael Grotewiel Associate Professor, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Aging is an intrinsic process that is independent of obvious disease. In contrast to normal aging, age-related diseases are conditions that typically manifest at advanced ages, are associated with explicit pathology and cause disability and premature death. We used Drosophila as a model to investigate the molecular-genetic mechanisms associated with aging and age-related disease. Age-related locomotor impairment (ARLI) is a serious condition for the elderly and greatly impacts their quality of life. Toward identifying genes and mechanisms that influence ARLI, we performed a forward genetic screen using Drosophila mutants. This screen identified a loss of function mutant in PDK1, a component of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional loss of function mutants in the insulin signaling pathway genes PI3K Dp110, and AKT also delayed ARLI. These results suggest a role for insulin signaling in ARLI. Wolfram Syndrome (WFS) is
From Calabar to Carter's Grove: The History of a Virginia Slave Community

Colonial Williamsburg is known internationally for the history it teaches to visitors to the restored capital of eighteenth-century Virginia. Research undertaken by Williamsburg historians, archaeologists, art and architecture historians, curators, and other staff members stands behind the educational programs. This book is the first of a series grounded in that research and devoted to major themes in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Chesapeake culture. "This is an unusual and particularly valuable approach to early black history. Walsh effectively uses diverse records and artifacts, along with the ever-growing secondary literature on plantation slavery, to construct a dynamic view of change over time and across generations. She argues convincingly that one can analyze the experience of discrete groups of slaves using interconnected local records and resources". -- Peter H. Wood, Duke University In From Calabar to Carter's Grove, Lorena S. Walsh has done what conventional wisdom has deemed nearly impossible: she has assembled a substantial history of a seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia slave community. Detailed, multigenerational histories of small slave groups can seldom be reconstructed for the antebellum era, except for a few unusual plantations where extraordinarily good records survive. The laborers originally belonging to tidewater's aristocratic Burwell family were, as Walsh discovered, a diverse group of Virginia-born slaves, newly enslaved Africans, and, for a time, white indentured servants. Over the years this slave community shifted and grew, frequently altered by the marriages, deaths, and estate settlements of their owners and augmented by their owngrowing families. Yet during these two centuries the majority of the Burwell slaves remained in or near tidewater Virginia. Walsh's analysis of existing plantation records, artifacts, and ruins has generated a clear and frequently detailed picture of these slaves, including lists of popular forenames and accounts of illnesses, childbirths, and escape attempts. However, as the author is first to admit, this book does not -- and based on the available evidence, cannot -- offer portraits of individual slaves; it is instead a collective portrait of the group, offering details of their African origins, slave histories, and daily hardships. Enhanced with maps, drawings, and photographs, From Calabar to Carter's Grove is an innovative study that paves the way for similar research on other slave communities. This volume will be invaluable not only to historians but to anyone with an interest in antebellum or African-American history.
A Pitzer Model for Lead Oxide Solubilities in the Presence of Borate to High Ionic Strength

In this study, a hydrolysis model for lead, applicable to high ionic strength, is developed based on lead oxide solubilities as a function of ionic strength. Solubility measurements on lead oxide, α-PbO (tetragonal, red), mineral name litharge, as a function of ionic strength were conducted in NaClO4 solutions up to I = 0.45 mol·kg−1, in NaCl solutions up to I = 5.0 mol·kg−1, and in Na2SO4 solutions up to I = 5.4 mol·kg−1, at room temperature (22.5 ± 0.5 °C). The lead hydroxyl species considered in this work include the following, 1 $$ {\text{PbO}}\left( {\text{cr}} \right) \, + {\text{ 2H}}^{ + } \rightleftharpoons {\text{Pb}}^{ 2+ } + {\text{ H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) $$ 2 $$ {\text{Pb}}^{ 2+ } + {\text{ H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) \rightleftharpoons {\text{PbOH}}^{ + } + {\text{ H}}^{ + } $$ 3 $$ {\text{Pb}}^{ 2+ } + {\text{ 2H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) \rightleftharpoons {\text{Pb}}\left( {\text{OH}} \right)_{ 2} \left( {\text{aq}} \right) \, + {\text{ 2H}}^{ + } $$ 4 $$ {\text{Pb}}^{ 2+ } + {\text{ 3H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) \rightleftharpoons {\text{Pb(OH}})_{3}^{ - } + 3{\text{H}}^{ + } $$ The equilibrium constants for Reactions (1) and (2) were taken from literature. The equilibrium constants in base 10 logarithmic units for Reactions (3) and (4) are determined in this study as − 17.05 ± 0.10 (2σ) and − 27.99 ± 0.15 (2σ), respectively, with a set of Pitzer parameters describing the interactions with Na+, Cl−, and $$ {\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - } .$$ In combination with the parameters from literature including those that have already been published by our group, the solution chemistry of lead in a number of media including NaCl, MgCl2, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, NaClO4, and their mixtures, can be accurately described in a wide range of ionic strengths.
Primary care provider–reported involvement in breast cancer treatment decisions

Background Treatment decisions for patients with early-stage breast cancer often involve discussions with multiple oncology providers. However, the extent to which primary care providers (PCPs) are involved in initial treatment decisions remains unknown. Methods A stratified random sample of PCPs identified by newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer from the Georgia and Los Angeles Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were surveyed (n = 517; a 61% response rate). PCPs were asked how frequently they discussed surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy options with patients; how comfortable they were with these discussions; whether they had the necessary knowledge to participate in decision making; and what their confidence was in their ability to help (on 5-item Likert-type scales). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify PCP-reported attitudes associated with more PCP participation in each treatment decision. Results In this sample, 34% of PCPs reported that they discussed surgery, 23% discussed radiation, and 22% discussed chemotherapy options with their patients. Of those who reported more involvement in surgical decisions, 22% reported that they were not comfortable having a discussion, and 17% did not feel that they had the necessary knowledge to participate in treatment decision making. PCPs who positively appraised their ability to participate were more likely to participate in all 3 decisions (odds ratio [OR] for surgery, 6.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.16-8.68; OR for radiation, 8.37; 95% CI, 5.16-13.58; OR for chemotherapy, 6.56; 95% CI, 4.23-10.17). Conclusions A third of PCPs reported participating in breast cancer treatment decisions, yet gaps in their knowledge about decision making and in their confidence in their ability to help exist. Efforts to increase PCPs' knowledge about breast cancer treatment options may be warranted.
Fluorous dimethyl sulfide: a convenient, odorless, recyclable borane carrier.

Borane gas and 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methyl sulfide form a solid comprised of an approximately 1:1 mixture (fluorous BMS) of sulfide and the corresponding sulfide-borane. Fluorous BMS permits hydroboration of alkenes in a dichloromethane/perfluorinated hydrocarbon mixture with subsequent recycling of the fluorous sulfide by fluorous extraction. The use of fluorous BMS in the asymmetric reduction of ketones catalyzed by a chiral oxaborolidine catalyst, and in the reduction of other functional groups, is also reported.
Primary gastric choriocarcinoma with multiple metastases – A case report and literature review of carcinogenesis

Abstract Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is a rare gastric malignancy that accounts for
Reducing Burnout Among Radiology Trainees: A Novel Residency Retreat Curriculum to Improve Camaraderie and Personal Wellness – 3 Strategies for Success

Abstract Objectives To describe a residency retreat curriculum established to improve wellness and reduce burnout within a radiology residency. Methods A wellness retreat was created and implemented within a large academic medical center's radiology residency. The retreat curriculum was designed by a Radiology Residency Wellness Committee and was supported by departmental funding. The retreat curriculum centered on 3 strategies for success: teambuilding and bonding, Design Thinking, and guided reflection. A questionnaire was distributed at the end of the retreat, asking 12 questions in 5-point Likert format to assess resident satisfaction with different components of the retreat, as well as open-ended questions to more deeply assess the effects of the retreat on the residency experience and personal wellness in our radiology residency. Questionnaire results were summarized using frequency and percentages. Open-ended responses were qualitatively analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results Thirty-seven of 41 residents (90%) in our radiology residency participated in the retreat. Thirty-five of the 37 residents (95%) participated in the postretreat questionnaire, with 33 of 37 residents (89%) completing the entire questionnaire. Thirty-two of 33 responders (97%) anticipated the retreat would improve their residency experience, and 27 of 33 responders (82%) indicated the retreat would improve their personal wellness. Based upon the open-ended responses, improved camaraderie was the major benefit of the retreat cited by the majority of residents. Conclusion A departmentally sponsored radiology residency retreat may improve personal wellness and reduce burnout.
Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm Following Dermofasciectomy-A Rare and Devastating Complication.

We present a case of compartment syndrome of the forearm following harvesting of a full thickness skin graft from the medial forearm for a double digit dermofasciectomy. The patient underwent forea...
Effects of Script-Based Communicative Intervention on Psychological and Cultural Adaptation in Students Abroad in Second-Language Contexts.

This study examined the effects of a script-based communicative intervention (SBCI) on psychological and cultural adaptation in students studying abroad in second language (German and Spanish) cont...
Industrial Policy and Industrial Organization

Industrial policy is currently in a state of crisis. As recently as two decades ago something of a consensus vis-a-vis the role of industrial policy in the economy reigned throughout most of Europe and North America. At the heart of government policies towards business lie the triad of competition policy, or antitrust as the Americans like to call it, regulation, and public ownership. The increased irrelevance of competition policy, waves of deregulation and privatization around the globe has left the industrial policy debate in a state of confusion and disarray. For example, F.M. Scherer (1977, p. 977), who served as Director of the Bureau of Economics at the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC), found the industrial policy debate “muddled and often contradictory. I frequently felt that if we knew precisely where we’re to go, we could proceed there in a more orderly fashion. But clear objectives were a luxury we seldom enjoyed, ambiguity was our guiding star.” Similarly, Dennis C. Mueller (1996, pp. 415–416) recently observed that, The United States has the longest history of antitrust enforcement in the world, over 100 years now. Over this span, U.S. antitrust policy has waxed and waned in its vigor, but on average the U.S. has had the toughest and most vigorously enforced antitrust statutes in the world. In recent years, the wisdom of this policy has been questioned, the government has taken a noticeably more circumscribed approach to enforcing the antitrust laws, and the courts have become more lenient in interpreting them.
From nucleus to mitochondria to lysosome selectivity switching in a cyanine probe: The phenolic to methoxy substituent conversion affects probe's selectivity.

Abstract A cyanine dye with R 2 = –OH group has been recently reported to exhibit simultaneous selectivity toward cellular nucleus and mitochondria. In order to investigate the role of the substituents towards the organelle selectivity, probe 2 (with R2 = –OR group) was synthesized in good yields. When applied to cellular study, probe 2 exhibited excellent selectivity to stain mitochondria of live cells without observing nucleus staining. The study indicated that the R2 group was the key component in tuning the observed organelle selectivity switching of the probe. This was further verified by removing the hydroxyl group (e.g. R2 = -H), which revealed no selectivity to any organelles. The impact of the hydroxyl and alkoxy to intracellular organelle selectivity was further examined in a structurally related system, by replacing a cyanine fragment in probe 2 by a benzothiazole moiety to give a cyanine-benzothiazole hybrid system. In the cyanine-benzothiazole hybrid system, probe 4 (with R2 = OCH3) revealed high selectivity towards intracellular lysosomes, which was similarly observed from its hydroxyl analogue (probe 3, R2 = OH). Therefore, the impact of the substituent (from –OH to –OMe) to the organelle selectivity was also dependent on the probe structure. In summary, during the study of the substituent effect via structural modification, probe 2 was discovered to exhibit excellent mitochondria selectivity, while Probe 4 was identified as an interesting lysosome probe without affecting lysosomal pH.
Domestic Violence and the Plight of the Unauthorized Migrant

Understanding the maze of legal rights involved in migrant domestic violence matters can be daunting. The cases can involve diverse areas of law and multiple jurisdictions. This article describes the various types of U.S. immigration-related relief available to migrant domestic violence victims.
Cross-Generational Comparability of Raw and Count-Based Metrics from ActiGraph GT9X and wGT3X-BT Accelerometers during Free-Living in Youth

Free-living comparability of wGT3X-BT and GT9X ActiGraphs has not been verified. Participants (n = 34, 35% females, 7–17 y) wore hip-worn monitors for one week. Vector magnitude (VM; 15-s epoch), M...
The Role of the Cerebellum in Pain Perception: A Brain SPECT Perfusion Study in Patients with Burn Injuries.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for distraction analgesia. This study aims to compare brain perfusion patterns while patients were undergoing burn wound care in two conditions-VR distraction and control (NoVR). METHODS: With IRB approval, four patients hospitalized for acute burn care (three males and one female) participated in the study. All patients underwent wound care on two consecutive days; 1 day with standard analgesia and adjunctive VR, and the other day with standard analgesia alone, otherwise the wound care was very similar. Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer was injected during wound care at the time of peak pain. Subjective patient reports on a 0-10 scale of pain intensity, time spent thinking about pain, and "fun" as well as opioid equivalent usage were analyzed. Voxel by voxel subtraction analysis of brain perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) images was performed at the group level. Statistical significance threshold was defined as P < .05. RESULTS: Mean group subjective scores (VR, NoVR, statistical significance, and P-value) were observed for maximal pain intensity (9.0, 8.8, insignificant, and P = .809), time spent thinking about pain (5.2, 10.0, significant, and P = .015), and fun (6.0, 2.5, significant, and P = .012). Subtraction group analysis demonstrated VR-induced modulation of brain activity with statistically significant relative suppression of cerebellar activation in the VR compared to intense cerebellar activation in the NoVR environments. CONCLUSION: Relative decrease in cerebellar perfusion based on stringent statistical threshold in the VR environment combined with improved subjective pain experience supports the hypotheses on the role of cerebellum in perception of noxious stimuli.
Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Reduced Cardiac Function Among Hispanics: Results from the PREVENCION Study.

Depressive symptoms are common among patients with heart failure and are often associated with adverse outcomes, including re-hospitalization and mortality. However, little is known about the association between depressive symptoms and subclinical markers of heart failure and cardiac function in community-based samples and little research has focused on South American Hispanics. The current study examined the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and cardiac function in South American Hispanic community-based adults. Participants included 527 adults enrolled in the Peruvian Study of Cardiovascular Disease (PREVENCION). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Markers of cardiac function were assessed by impedance cardiography and included cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, and stroke volume index. Several multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and markers of cardiac function. In adjusted analyses, depressive symptoms were associated with reduced cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, and stroke volume index. These associations remained significant between depressive symptoms and cardiac output (β = − 0.106, p = 0.014), cardiac index (β = − 0.099, p = 0.029), and stroke volume (β = − 0.095, p = 0.022), and a trend was still observed between depressive symptoms and stroke index (β = − 0.083, p = 0.061), even after having controlled for demographic factors (age, gender, education), cardiovascular risk factors (smoking status, body mass index, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, serum creatinine), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia). In the PREVENCION sample tested, depressive symptoms were independently associated with cardiac function among Hispanic adults, even above and beyond pertinent factors such as demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities. Future studies should determine whether depressive symptoms are prospectively associated with systolic dysfunction, and examine the bio-behavioral pathways of this association.
Halos, Billboards, and the Taxation of Charitable Sponsorships

This article reexamines the controversy in the 1990s over the tax treatment of revenues charities earn by selling sponsor acknowledgments. The controversy erupted when the IRS tried to tax Mobil Cotton Bowl and John Hancock Bowl on their sponsorship revenues, claiming that it represented payment for advertising. It ended when Congress amended to tax code to grant sponsorship revenues an effective exemption from tax. Traditionally, this has been understood as a simple and sordid story of raw lobbying power supplanting good tax policy. I argue that the controversy reflects the overriding importance of political symbolism in understanding the charitable tax exemption and the unrelated business income tax (UBIT) that protects it.
SAGE supporting operations research inspired algorithms

SAGE (Sentry Agents), is a dynamic multi-agent-based framework for system automation. It is used for creation of virtual agents with defined behaviors and states. The SAGE framework provides the flexibility for agents to exist independently and also to interact and collaborate with each other for task execution. As part of the capabilities within SAGE, simulations can be generated. For this work, SAGE has been used to create scenarios for simulation of decision tasks with uncertainty. Decision-making is a challenging task. The complexities of decision-making increases when the information that supports and forms decision comes with any uncertainty. Uncertainty can be represented in different ways however for this simulation, the Uncertainty of Information (UoI) concept will be utilized. This allows understanding of the various sources of uncertainty and their impact on decision making. One of the UoI algorithms implemented is the LRM version which is based on operations research. This version computes an UoI value that is used as an input to the decision tasks within the simulation. In this paper, we detail the construction of those scenarios and its integration into SAGE.
Theoretical study of oscillating squeezing flow through a porous medium

Abstract In this paper, we report a theoretical study of a transient squeezing flow through a thin porous gap driven by an oscillating boundary. The process is governed by the viscous, inertial, and Darcy effects. It shows that when the squeezing depth increases, the alternating dominance of the viscous and inertial effects would increase the oscillation of the velocity profiles. The existence of the porous media effectively stabilizes the fluid field. The study presented herein, revealing the fundamental physics of an oscillating squeezing flow, has significant potential for biomedical and industrial applications, such as the cerebrospinal fluid flow under concussion and the oil film lubrication in journal bearings.
Can Community Health Workers Increase Palliative Care Use for African American Patients? A Pilot Study

PURPOSE:African American patients with cancer underutilize advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care (PC). This feasibility study investigated whether community health workers (CHWs) could im...
Increasing Awareness and Knowledge through Exploring Attitudes toward Compulsive and Addictive Diseases

(1992). Increasing Awareness and Knowledge through Exploring Attitudes toward Compulsive and Addictive Diseases. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 312-313.
Ratio of Sulfur Dioxide to Total Gaseous Sulfur Compounds and Ozone to Total Oxidants in the Los Angeles Atmosphere — An Instrument Evaluation Study

During the past 3 years, several promising air pollution monitoring systems have been developed by APCO and tested on a limited scale. These systems, however, have not been tested in enough geographical areas to determine the effect of various combinations of pollutants in urban environments on instrumental response. This report describes a comprehensive evaluation program designed to compare these newly developed instruments with classic procedures for measuring ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide and ozone. The following sulfur dioxide monitoring principles were compared: (1) colorimetric (West-Gaeke), (2) conductometric, (3) coulometric, (4) flame photometric, and (5) combined gas chromatographic-flame photometric. A colorimetric analyzer and a coulometric system. were used as oxidant monitors; while a modified Regener and Nederbragt system were used to measure ozone. The evaluation was performed in Los Angeles, California over an 83-day period between September and December 1970. The major results of this indicate that: (1) the flame photometric detector (FPD) and gas chromatographic-FPD instruments required the least maintenance and were operational for more than 93 percent of the evaluation period, (2) coulometric and conductometric SO2 measurements were consistently higher than values obtained by flame photometric measurements, (3) hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were occasionally present in the Los Angeles atmosphere, (A) sulfur dioxide frequently exceeded 0.030 ppm during the afternoon; and, (5) total gaseous sulfur in Los Angeles was better than 90 percent sulfur dioxide. Ozone and oxidant measurements corrected for NO2, are equivalent at peak concentrations during the daylight hours in downtown Los Angeles.
Normalized measures of mutual information with general definitions of entropy for multimodal image registration

Mutual information (MI) was introduced for use in multimodal image registration over a decade ago [1,2,3,4]. The MI between two images is based on their marginal and joint/conditional entropies. The most common versions of entropy used to compute MI are the Shannon and differential entropies; however, many other definitions of entropy have been proposed as competitors. In this article, we show how to construct normalized versions of MI using any of these definitions of entropy. The resulting similarity measures are analogous to normalized mutual information (NMI), entropy correlation coefficient (ECC), and symmetric uncertainty (SU), which have all been shown to be superior to MI in a variety of situations. We use publicly available CT, PET, and MR brain images1 with known ground truth transformations to evaluate the performance of the normalized measures for rigid multimodal registration. Results show that for a number of different definitions of entropy, the proposed normalized versions of mutual information provide a statistically significant improvement in target registration error (TRE) over the non-normalized versions.
Spacetime Invariance and Scale Effect

A logic of reciprocity between inertial frames in relative uniform motion is investigated. Relativity allows any reference frame to apply Lorentz Transformation while reciprocity would require the relative frame to use Inverse Transformation for the same event, and vice versa. After such transformations, an inseparability between relativistic measurements and the covariant scale is examined. Scale conversion has been found to be necessary to preserve spacetime invariance in Special Relativity.
Social Causation and Social Selection

An extensive literature has shown that disadvantaged levels of socioeconomic status are associated with mental illness. Yet an important question continues to stimulate research: What is the direction of the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental illness? This question is addressed by two competing hypotheses. The social causation hypothesis asserts that experiencing economic hardship increases the risk of subsequent mental illness. The selection/drift hypothesis posits that mental illness can inhibit socioeconomic attainment and lead people to drift into the lower social class or never escape poverty. Research suggests there is a reciprocal relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health, although social causation has more evidence. Furthermore, longitudinal studies have demonstrated that the strength and direction of the relationship can vary by the type of mental illness and socioeconomic indicator. Overall, both social causation and selection/drift are important in advancing our understanding of the influence of social inequality on people's lives. Keywords: mental health; social causation; social selection; socioeconomic status; sociology of mental health
Uncovering the intellectual core of the information systems discipline

What is the intellectual core of the information systems discipline? This study uses latent semantic analysis to examine a large body of published IS research in order to address this question. Specifically, the abstracts of all research papers over the time period from 1985 through 2006 published in three top IS research journals-MIS Quarterly, Information Systems Research, and Journal of Management Information Systems-were analyzed. This analysis identified five core research areas: (1) information technology and organizations; (2) IS development; (3) IT and individuals; (4) IT and markets; and (5) IT and groups. Over the time frame of our analysis, these core topics have remained quite stable. However, the specific research themes within each core area have evolved significantly, reflecting research that has focused less on technology development and more on the social context in which information technologies are designed and used. As such, this analysis demonstrates that the information systems academic discipline has maintained a relatively stable research identity that focuses on how IT systems are developed and how individuals, groups, organizations, and markets interact with IT.
Decision Costs, Contract Excuse, and the Westinghouse Commercial Impracticability Case

The literature on performance excuses does not consider the cost of determining whether the conditions established for contract excuse are met. We must incorporate these costs to determine which contract laws are efficient. I show that while the costs of determining whether the conditions for excuse are met will rise with the value of the contested performance, the benefits are unrelated to the value of performance. I conclude that the court should not allow excuse if the value of the contested performance is large.
High Oct-ane fuel powers the stem cell.

The Oct4 transcription factor has a critical role in the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in an undifferentiated state and in the formation of mammalian germ cells. Recent work demonstrates that a specific nuclear receptor is involved in regulating the expression of Oct4 itself. This finding has important implications for understanding pluripotent stem-cell biology and nuclear reprogramming.
Numerical NetworkReduction BCU Method

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Computing Exit Points Stability-Boundary-Following Procedure A Safeguard Scheme Illustrative Examples Numerical Illustrations IEEE Test System Concluding Remarks
Covariant supergraphs (II). supergravity

Abstract We describe covariant D -algebra methods for the evaluation of supergraphs for quantum matter or supergravity, in the presence of background supergravity fields. These methods lead to improved power counting for the individual supergraphs. We examine two-loop matter contributions to the supergravity two-point function and conclude that there are no corrections to the one-loop (super)trace anomaly.
Antimatter Clusters from Hadronizing Quark-Gluon Plasma

We employ a realistic model for the phase transition between the color deconfining quark-gluon plasma phase and the color confining hadronic gas phase of nuclear matter to discuss the question how quarks and antiquarks hadronize in an expanding quark-gluon plasma. We pay particular attention to the problem associated with the latent heat and latent entropy set free in the hadronization process. Assuming a specific space-time scenario for the phase transition, we compute relative abundances of different hadronic particles and resonances produced during hadronization and show that in particular antinucleons and light antinuclei are enhanced above their equilibrium abundances in a hadron gas of similar density and temperature. We interpret this enhancement as a possible signature for the existence of a transient quark-gluon plasma phase in relativistic heavy-ion collisions which can complement the widely discussed strangeness signal. We point out, however, that detailed dynamical studies of the hadronization process are necessary in order to definitively settle questions about the quantitative yields.
Tactus: Toolkit-Level Support for Synchronized Interactive Multimedia

Tactus addresses problems of synchronizing and controlling various interactive continuous-time media. The Tactus system consists of two main parts. The first is a server that synchronizes the presentation of multiple media, including audio, video, graphics, and MIDI, at a workstation. The second is a set of extensions to a graphical user interface toolkit to help compute and/or control temporal streams of information and deliver them to the Tactus Server. Temporal toolkit objects schedule computation events that generate media. Computation is scheduled in advance of real time to overcome system latency, and timestamps are used to allow accurate synchronization by the server in spite of computation and transmission delays. Tactus supports precomputing branches of media streams to minimize latency in interactive applications.