cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The petrology and geochemistry of the Handkerchief Mesa mixed magma complex, San Juan Mountains, Colorado

The Handkerchief Mesa mixed magma complex is one of several late Cenozoic volcanic complexes in the southeastern San Juan Mountains characterized by mingling and limited mixing of basalt and rhyodacite. Stratigraphy in the dissected vent complex at Handkerchief Mesa records three phases of volcanism, the first and third displaying evidence for coeruption of mafic and silicic magmas. Phases 1 and 2 erupted silicic pyroclastics and basaltic lava flows, respectively. Phase-3 eruptions were dominated by rhyodacite lava flows, rhyodacite dikes, and abundant mingled and mixed hybrid lavas. Pre- and syneruptive basalt-rhyodacite mixing of phase-3 eruptions is shown by: (1) inclusions of quenched basalt in rhyodacite; (2) partially disaggregated basalt inclusions in mixed hybrids and rhyodacites; (3) interfingering lenses of mixed hybrid lavas and rhyodacite. Whole-rock major- and trace-element analyses support a two-component mixing model whereby intermediate hybrids are produced by mixing of basalt and rhyodacite (up to 30% basalt: 70% rhyodacite). Disequilibrium phenocryst textures and mineral compositions are consistent with multistage mixing culminating in an eruptive mixing event. Protracted mixing along a boundary zone at the base of a rhyodacite magma chamber may be responsible for stabilizing Fe-rich olivine phenocrysts in some hybrids. Basalt-rhyodacite mixing is inhibited by rapid crystallization in the basalt shortly after inclusion within the lower temperature melt. The degree to which mechanical dispersion and blending ensues is a critical function of the initial temperature contrast (ΔTi) between the two magmas. Thermal models, simulating the conductive cooling histories for basalt spheres in rhyodacite reservoirs, suggest that at large ΔTi's (> 200°) rapid cooling of the inclusion leads to disequilibrium crystallization with concomitant depression of equilibrium solidi, grain boundary wetting by residual liquids, and limited disaggregation of the inclusion imposed by movement of the host. For small ΔTi's (< 100°) temperatures within the inclusion can be maintained above the solidus for prolonged time periods, enhancing the possibility of producing homogeneous mixed hybrids through mechanical blending and diffusion. Both mechanisms operated at Handkerchief Mesa and contributed to the range of observed textures and compositions.
Callosal efficiency is related to sustained attention

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the efficiency of interhemispheric communication (IHC) and the ability to sustain attention. Children were tested on a vigilance task in which the amount of time between target presentations (interstimulus intervals; ISI) was varied. IHC was assessed by comparing within-field and between-field matches on a tachistoscopic task. Subjects who showed better IHC had faster RTs on the long ISI trials of the vigilance task, suggesting callosal involvement in the ability to sustain attention over a long period of time in the absence of sensory input.
Spark-chamber labelling of tracks in a bubble chamber

A method of studying the interaction of high energy particles of particular masses in a bubble chamber when exposed in an unseparated beam was devised and experimentally tested. It is based on the labeling of bubblechamber tracks with the aid of a sPark chamber controlled by a particle-selecting counter telescope. By correlating the positions in the spark chamber with those in the bubble chamber, the tracks of the selected particles may be indicated, which permits study of the interaction of these particles in the bubble chamber or their exclusion as an undesired contaminant of the beam. Several particles may be labeled in each bubble-chamber photograph. A preliminary experiment for labeling 5-Bev/c K- tracks in the 20-in. BNL hydrogen bubble chamber is described. The accuracy with which the track position in the bubble chamber was determined was approximately plus or minus 3 to 4 mm in this case; however, it can be improved to approximately plus or minus 1 mm. Methods used in correlating spark position with bubble-chamber track position are presented, and means of improving the precision and the efficiency of scanning and analysis are discussed. The technique may be applied in beams at momenta up to approximately 200 Bev/c,more » as it is limited only by the particle-selecting counter system. (auth)« less
A holographic study of bone displacement induced by an applied voltage

Displacement occurs when an electrical stimulus is applied to bone. In this study, the displacement induced in fresh juvenile and adult rat tibiae by the short-term application of an electric field was assessed by the technique of double exposure holographic interferometry. It was determined that a significantly greater amount of displacement occurs in juvenile bone than in adult bone and that this greater displacement requires less time and substantially lower voltages than required in adult bone.
MicroRNAs: History, Biogenesis, and Their Evolving Role in Animal Development and Disease

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 followed by developments and discoveries in small RNA biology have redefined the biological landscape by significantly altering the longstanding dogmas that defined gene regulation. These small RNAs play a significant role in modulation of an array of physiological and pathological processes ranging from embryonic development to neoplastic progression. Unique miRNA signatures of various inherited, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases have added a new dimension to the studies that look at their pathogenesis and highlight their potential to be reliable biomarkers. Also, altering miRNA functionality and the development of novel in vivo delivery systems to achieve targeted modulation of specific miRNA function are being actively pursued as novel approaches for therapeutic intervention in many diseases. Here we review the current body of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in development and disease and discuss future implications.
Gene therapy of muscular dystrophy

Development of gene therapy for the muscular dystrophies represents a daunting challenge requiring significant advances in our knowledge of the defective genes, muscle promoters, viral vectors, immune system surveillance and methods for systemic delivery of vectors. However, tremendous progress has been made in developing improved viral vectors and avoiding immune reactions against gene transfer. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights problems that must be solved before an effective treatment is available.
Formal verification of a pervasive interconnect bus system in a high-performance microprocessor

In our high-performance PowerPC* processor, the correctness of the so-called pervasive interconnect bus system, which provides, among others, Test and Debug access via external interfaces like JTAG, is of utmost importance. In this paper, we describe our approach in formally verifying the correctness of this bus system to combat the coverage problem of simulation-based techniques. The bus system and the associated arbitration logic support several functionalities such as deadlock detection and resolution. In order to efficiently complete all of the required formal analysis for verification, we needed to leverage a variety of proof and semi-formal algorithms, as well as reduction and abstraction algorithms. Experimental results are provided to show the efficiency of this approach.
Automorphisms of models of arithmetic: A unified view

Abstract We develop the method of iterated ultrapower representation to provide a unified and perspicuous approach for building automorphisms of countable recursively saturated models of Peano arithmetic PA . In particular, we use this method to prove Theorem A below, which confirms a long-standing conjecture of James Schmerl. Theorem A If M is a countable recursively saturated model of PA in which N is a strong cut, then for any M 0 ≺ M there is an automorphism j of M such that the fixed point set of j is isomorphic to M 0 . We also fine-tune a number of classical results. One of our typical results in this direction is Theorem B below, which generalizes a theorem of Kaye–Kossak–Kotlarski (in what follows Aut ( X ) is the automorphism group of the structure X , and Q is the ordered set of rationals). Theorem B Suppose M is a countable recursively saturated model of PA in which N is a strong cut. There is a group embedding j ↦ j ˆ from Aut ( Q ) into Aut ( M ) such that for each j ∈ Aut ( Q ) that is fixed point free, j ˆ moves every undefinable element of M .
Biotechnology and conceptualizations of the soul.

In 1970, Jacque Monod, a Nobel Laureate and a founding father of molecular biology, wrote a short celebrated book entitled Chance and Necessity .
HISTORICAL MEANINGFULNESS IN SHARED ACTION

Why should past occurrences matter to us as such? Are they in fact meaningful in a specifically historical way, or do they only become meaningful in being connected to other sorts of meaning-political or speculative, for example-as many notable theorists imply? Ranke and Oakeshott affirmed a purely historical meaningfulness but left its nature unclear. The purpose of this essay is to confirm historical meaningfulness by arguing that our commanding practical interest in how we share action with other actors is distinctively engaged by presumed information about past occurrences. We recognize that past occurrences have determined the conditions of action sharing, constraining our practice with regard to which actors we share practical reality with and which compounding actions we may or must join in progress.
Light scattering studies on some muscle proteins

A light scattering investigation of actin and actomyosin gives the following information. The weight average molecular weight of 80,000 is found for G-actin. The average molecular weight and length of F-actin decrease upon increasing concentration of electrolyte, the effect being especially pronounced in the case of KI. The average molecular weight and length of F-actin decrease with increasing of pH of polymerization. The average length and molecular weight of F-actomyosin increase with decreasing ionic strength. The average length and molecular weight of F-actomyosin decrease with decreasing size of the F-actin component.
Localization and induction in early development of Xenopus.

Our experimental results, as well as those of others, lead us to suggest the following steps in the dorsalization and axialization of the Xenopus egg and embryo: (1) the spermaster determines the direction of rotation of the cortex relative to the deeper cytoplasm (endoplasm ); (2) the rotation of the cortex activates latent dorsalizingaxializing agents in the vegetal hemisphere. The extent of rotation determines the am ount of activation. The direction of rotation determines the location of the activated agents. (3) The activated agents determine the level of mesoderm-inducing activity of the vegetal cells cleaved from that cytoplasmic region. (4) The level of inducing activity determines at least the time at which marginal zone cells will begin gastrulation movements. (5) The time of its initiation of gastrulation may determine how anterior and dorsal a particular marginal zone cell can become.
Exploiting unassigned codons in Micrococcus luteus for tRNA-based amino acid mutagenesis

An alternative to suppression of stop codons for the biosynthetic insertion of non-natural amino acids has been developed. Micrococcus luteus , a Gram-positive bacterium, is incapable of translating at least two codons. One of these unused codons was inserted in a gene to act as a nonsense site. An aminoacylated tRNA was synthesized which was complementary to this codon. The gene containing the missing codon was expressed in vitro in a M.luteus transcription/translation system. Read-through of the missing codon occurred only when the complementary tRNA was included. The results demonstrate that M.luteus can be used for incorporation of amino acids via synthetically prepared aminoacylated tRNAs. The use of a M. luteus translation system provides a method for incorporation of non-natural amino acids which avoids the use of stop codons.
Vannevar Bush — John Fritz medalist for 1951: Vannevar Bush: Electrical engineer, executive

Vannevar Bush, President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, was awarded the John Fritz Medal for 1951 “for outstanding contributions to his country and to his fellow men.” The medal is awarded annually by the four national engineering societies: AIEE, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and the American Society of Civil Engineers, for notable scientific or industrial achievements, regardless of nationality or sex.
Multiple Measures of Alyawarra Kinship

A field experiment conducted in Central Australia in 1971–1972 explored differences between what Aborigines actually did andw hat they said they did when anthropologists interviewed them. Fieldwork...
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Hypersensitivity of clpP and clpB Mutants of Escherichia coli

We studied the hypersensitivity of clpP and clpB mutants of Escherichia coli to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Both wild-type E. coli MC4100 and lon mutants grew in the presence of 10% SDS, whereas isogenic clpP and clpB single mutants could not grow above 0.5% SDS and clpA and clpX single mutants could not grow above 5.0% SDS. For wild-type E. coli, cellular ClpP levels as determined by Western immunoblot analysis increased ca. sixfold as the levels of added SDS increased from 0 to 2%. Capsular colanic acid, measured as uronic acid, increased ca. sixfold as the levels of added SDS increased from 2 to 10%. Based on these findings, 3 of the 19 previously identified SDS shock proteins (M. Adamowicz, P. M. Kelley, and K. W. Nickerson, J. Bacteriol. 173:229-233, 1991) are tentatively identified as ClpP, ClpX, and ClpB.
Plasma Growth Hormone and Slow Wave Sleep Increase After Interruption of Sleep

A comparison was made of plasma hGH and of sleep stages during one night of undistrubed sleep and one night in which sleep was interupted by an hour of enforced wakefulness folowing the end of the second NREM-REM sleep cycle in 8 normal subjects. Plasma was sampled at 15-min intervals. HGH and slow wave sleep were both significantly increased in the two cycles immediately following the period awake compared with the same two cycles during nights of uninterruped sleep. The difference arose predominantly in the fourth cycle of the night, i.e., in the second cycle after the sleep interuption. The findings are consistent with the belief that extra wakefulness brings additional sleep of high RESTORATIVE properties.
Gaba receptor insecticide non-competitive antagonists may bind at allosteric modulator sites.

Results from several studies have shown that a series of chemically distinct insecticide compounds (picrotoxin, BIDN, TBPS, fipronil, lindane, EBOB, and α-endosulfan) affect GABAA receptor function. In this investigation, docking of this set of insecticides to the GABA receptor identified five potential binding sites. The lowest energy site was found within the base of the transmembrane bundle, interacting with M2 but not in the pore, and includes many of the residues previously experimentally implicated in insecticide binding. Many of the binding modes are suggestive of a non-competitive allosteric mechanism based on interruption of the channel gating mechanism rather than directly blocking the channel. The results also distinguished between isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), where γ-HCH (lindane) binds more favorably than β-HCH. The results suggest multiple sites for insecticide binding and may suggest further mutagenesis and labeling work to either confirm or rule out these findings.
Infrared Snake Eyes: TRPA1 and the Thermal Sensitivity of the Snake Pit Organ

The pit organs of pit vipers, pythons, and boas are remarkable sensory devices that allow these snakes to detect infrared radiation emitted by warm-blooded prey. It has been theorized that this capacity reflects the pit organ’s exceptional sensitivity to subtle fluctuations in temperature, but the molecules responsible for this extreme thermal resolution have been unknown. New evidence shows that pit organs respond to temperature using the warmth-activated cation channel TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1), a finding that provides a first glimpse of the underlying molecular hardware. The properties of these snake TRPA1s raise intriguing questions about the mechanisms responsible for the exceptional sensitivity of many biological thermoreceptors and about the evolutionary origins of these warmth-activated TRP channels.
Serum Biomarkers for the Detection of Cardiac Toxicity after Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Multi-modality cancer treatments that include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted agents are highly effective therapies. Their use, especially in combination, is limited by the risk of significant cardiac toxicity. The current paradigm for minimizing cardiac morbidity, based on serial cardiac function monitoring, is suboptimal. An alternative approach based on biomarker testing, has emerged as a promising adjunct and a potential substitute to routine echocardiography. Biomarkers, most prominently cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides, have been evaluated for their ability to describe the risk of potential cardiac dysfunction in clinically asymptomatic patients. Early rises in cardiac troponin concentrations have consistently predicted the risk and severity of significant cardiac events in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Biomarkers represent a novel, efficient, and robust clinical decision tool for the management of cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity. This article aims to review the clinical evidence that supports the use of established biomarkers such as cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides, as well as emerging data on proposed biomarkers.
The Dilemma of Case Studies: Toward a Heraclitian Philosophy of Science

What do appeals to case studies accomplish? Consider the dilemma: On the one hand, if the case is selected because it exemplifies the philosophical point, then it is not clear that the historical data hasn't been manipulated to fit the point. On the other hand, if one starts with a case study, it is not clear where to go from there—for it is unreasonable to generalize from one case or even two or three.
Clinical pharmacology relevant to older adults with cardiovascular disease.

Although older adults are generally among the highest users of cardiovascular medications, they are typically underrepresented or excluded from most efficacy and safety trials. Drug developers are usually reluctant to include many senior adults in randomized controlled clinical trials in part due to their high prevalence of multiple comorbidities, frailty, and polypharmacy; and to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic complexities. Consequently, there is often insufficient high quality evidence-based data to inform pharmacologic management of common cardiovascular conditions on older adults. In the absence of data, clinicians often rely on conceptual principles regarding metabolism and drug-drug interactions to minimize adverse drug events, but this is often not well-substantiated or standardized. A related challenge is poor cardiovascular medication adherence among older adults, and its detrimental impact on their health outcomes. In this brief review we highlight some aspects of these topics.
Dangerous by Decree: Detention Without Bond in Immigration Proceedings

This article examines the legal underpinnings of the executive branch's claimed authority to detain without bond in immigration proceedings. Detention without bond was a centerpiece of the controversial detention of Arab and Muslim noncitizens in the aftermath of September 11. For all of the criticism surrounding post-9/11 detention, however, the statutory framework underlying this effort has received surprisingly little examination. Many observers assume that the PATRIOT Act governs the detention of noncitizens who are suspected of having terrorist ties and are placed in removal proceedings. After all, the PATRIOT Act was passed in the midst of growing concern about the post-9/11 detention sweeps, and it specifically provides for mandatory detention without bond of noncitizens who are suspected terrorists. Yet this provision was not used in the post-9/11 detention effort. Instead, the INS relied on the detention authority in the existing immigration statute, which gives far more leeway to the executive branch. And to the extent that leeway was not available - to the extent that legal authority was not in place to justify post-9/11 detention policies - the executive branch has since been busy creating it behind the scenes. This article delineates the statutes, regulations, and ad hoc executive branch policies surrounding post-9/11 detention - details that are usually subsumed by an analysis of important constitutional issues. These details provide fresh insight into what went wrong with INS detention in the aftermath of September 11. An analysis of these subconstitutional issues also reveals that, rather than addressing some of the very real injustices of the post-9/11 detention sweep, the executive branch is instead staking claim to even broader authority to detain noncitizens based on categorical determinations of dangerousness - without individual justification, administrative hearings, or constitutional review.
A Critical Reflection on Social Media Research Using an Autoethnographic Approach

The landscape of social research is changing rapidly due to the wealth of data that researchers can use and analyze from the social media engagements of real people. As social media researchers, we use a spectrum of methods to study use and behavior, and the extent to which we engage users in our research affects the knowledge we hope to gain. In this paper, I use an autoethnographic approach to analyze the interplay between my publicly-available social media content, my private social data, and my timeline of lived experience in diagnosis and treatment of Stage IV cancer to demonstrate that the knowledge researchers gain solely from social media data is partial ("almost" knowing). Using the case of my own experience, I argue that research findings through social media, and the knowledge contributed through such research, would be improved by engaging more frequently in qualitative research that includes social media users.
Studies in Law, Politics, and Society

Half a century after the beginning of the second wave, feminist legal theorists are still writing about many of the subjects they addressed early on: money, sex, reproduction, and jobs. What has changed is the way that they talk about these subjects. Specifically, these theorists now posit a more complex and nuanced conception of power. Recent scholarship recognizes the complexities of power in contemporary society, the ways in which these complexities entrench sex inequality, and the role that law can play in reducing inequality and increasing agency. The feminist legal theorists in this volume – Susan Appleton, Katharine Baker, Naomi Cahn, June Carbone, Maxine Eichner, Angela Harris, Jennifer Hendricks, Michelle Oberman, and Susan Stiritz – are emblematic of this effort. They carefully examine the relationship between gender, equality, and power across an array of realms: sex, reproduction, pleasure, work, money. In doing so they identify social, political, economic, developmental, and psychological and somatic forces, operating both internally and externally, that complicate the expression and constraint of power. Finally, they give sophisticated thought to the possibilities for legal interventions in light of these more complex notions of power. Papers can be downloaded from the website of Prof. Maxine Eichner, UNC Law School.
Are allogeneic blood transfusions associated with decreased survival after surgical treatment for spinal metastases

Abstract Background Context Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions have been associated with decreased survival after surgical resection of primary and metastatic cancer. Studies investigating this association for patients undergoing resection of bone metastases are scarce and controversial. Purpose We assessed (1) whether exposure to perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions was associated with decreased survival after surgery for spinal metastases and (2) if there was a dose-response relationship per unit of blood transfused. Additionally, we explored the risk factors associated with survival after surgery for spinal metastases. Study Design/Setting This is a retrospective cohort study from two university medical centers. Patient Sample There were 649 patients who had operative treatment for metastatic disease of the spine between 2002 and 2014. Patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma were also included. We excluded patients with a revision procedure, kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and radiosurgery alone. Outcome Measures The outcome measure was survival after surgery. The date of death was obtained from the Social Security Death Index and medical charts. Methods Blood transfusions within 7 days before and 7 days after surgery were considered perioperative. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between allogeneic blood transfusion as exposure versus non-exposure, and subsequently as continuous value; we accounted for clinical, laboratory, and treatment factors. Results Four hundred fifty-three (70%) patients received perioperative blood transfusions, and the median number of units transfused was 3 (interquartile range: 2–6). Exposure to perioperative blood transfusion was not associated with decreased survival after accounting for all explanatory variables (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–1.31; p=.841). Neither did we find a dose-response relationship (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98–1.04; p=.420). Other factors associated with worse survival were older age, more severe comorbidity status, lower preoperativehemoglobin level, higher white blood cell count, higher calcium level, primary tumor type, previous systemic therapy, poor performance status, presence of lung, liver, or brain metastasis, and surgical approach. Conclusions Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions were not associated with decreased survival after surgery for spinal metastases. More liberal transfusion policies might be warranted for patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis, although careful consideration is needed as other complications may occur.
Abstract 5394: HuR affects pancreatic cancer metabolism through post-transcriptional control of core metabolic enzymes.

Background: HuR is an RNA-binding protein that translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with its mRNA cargo in response to stress, and regulates mRNA stability and translation of these transcripts. HuR has been implicated as an important regulator of pro-survival pathways in cancer, and increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR has been observed in numerous cancer types. The regulatory mechanisms of metabolic pathways under metabolic stress are poorly understood. We investigated HuR9s role in regulating pancreatic cancer metabolism. Methods: We measured HuR cytoplasmic expression in pancreatic cancer cells in response to glucose deprivation. Ribonucleoprotein precipitation (RIP) of HuR was performed to survey candidate metabolic mRNA targets. HuR levels were depleted with siRNA oligos under metabolic stress, and effects on cell survival, biochemicals in the media, and metabolic enzyme targets were determined. Experiments were performed in MiaPaca2, BXPC3, Panc1 cell lines. Results: Cytoplasmic protein expression of HuR was increased by immunoblot and immunofluorescence after 6 hours of glucose deprivation in all 3 cell lines (vs. 25 mM glucose). In addition, HuR depletion with siRNA impaired survival in of all 3 cell lines in low glucose media ( Conclusions: HuR cytoplasmic expression is critical for pancreatic cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation. HuR likely supports a ‘Warburg’ phenotype characterized by increased lactate production. Surprisingly, HuR activation led to decreased glucose uptake. Novel metabolic targets of HuR were identified, and coordination of these targets may be responsible for the observed findings. Improved understanding of how HuR acutely regulates metabolism in response to stress should uncover novel therapeutic targets against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Jordan M. Winter, Richard A. Burkhart, Danielle M. Pineda, Saswati Chand, Joseph Cozzitorto, Charles J. Yeo, Jonathan R. Brody. HuR affects pancreatic cancer metabolism through post-transcriptional control of core metabolic enzymes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5394. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5394
Eclectic Robotics for a Mixed Audience.

Two different, new robotics courses in two different institutions are underway Spring, 2007, being taught by the two authors, who are collaborating on the design of the courses. Even though the general objectives and settings are distinct, we believe the general ideas motivating the topics and structure may be of interest to the wider community of educators. The course at Purchase College/State University of New York was designed for its particular audience: upperlevel students in the mathematics/computer science major and in the new media major as well as any other student who have satisfied the programming pre-requisite, through a standard Computer Science I course or Programming Games (described below), a course defined for the new media students and also satisfying the mathematics/quantitative reasoning general education requirement. In fact, the students enrolled are 10 new media students, 1 mathematics/computer science, one design/tech, one biology and one undeclared. The course at Western Connecticut State University (WCSU) was designed to enhance the Computer Organization and Software course required of Computer Science majors and Computer Security minors. The students are two freshman, four sophomores, five juniors and one senior. All but one has had CS1, CS2 and discrete math. Though there were rumors 'on the street' that this course will include use of the Mindstorms kits, students did not sign up for a robots course.
Evaluation of functional communication training as a satiation procedure to reduce challenging behavior in instructional environments for children with autism

Objectives: For individuals with challenging behavior, antecedent interventions such as modifying the motivation for the behavior have shown to be effective. In this study, we examined the effects of giving the participants the opportunity to continuously request tangible items (e.g. toys and activities) prior to instruction to determine if allowing them to satiate on the item would serve as an effective intervention to reduce challenging behavior maintained by access to the items.Method: Functional analyses identified that access to tangible items maintained the challenging behavior of four children with autism spectrum disorder. The children were then trained using Functional Communication Training (FCT) to request the items. Prior to 15 mins academic and/or functional skill instructional sessions, participants were exposed to either an FCT session and allowed to request the tangible items or did not receive an FCT session. The no FCT condition consisted of the child’s typically scheduled activities, wi...
The Backwash of a Presidential Election

ON ELECTION NIGHT and the days that followed, prominent participants discussed the political meaning of what had occurred in 1928. Norman Thomas thought there had been no unmistakable mandate from the people. The major parties had not been distinguishable from one another.1 An editorial in the New York Times inclined to similar views, asserting that all the traditional issues had been abandoned, platforms had read alike, candidates had spoken much the same, and foreign observers had seen nothing but prohibition separating them.2 Just before the election, on the other hand, a Smith partisan had discerned a basic cleavage, saying, “The difference is between the conception of the Democratic candidate who believes in the regulation of business by Government, and the conception of the Republican Party which has led to control of Government by business.”3 Such narrow observations were not well made, for there were clearly discernible (and less sensationalized) differences between both candidates and parties, as has been made clear in these pages.
Effects of Stepfamily Living on Children

The single most widely studied issue involving stepfamilies has been the effect on stepchildren of living in a stepparent household (Coleman et al., 2000). Some researchers frame this issue as the effects of parental remarriage on children or the effects of having a stepparent on stepchildren. Sometimes researchers examine how specific phenomena in the step-household, such as parental conflict, are related to children’s outcomes. We will refer to research in this area as studies of the effects of stepfamily living. Interest in stepchildren’s well-being is global—in recent years there have been studies conducted on this subject in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Israel, and New Zealand.
Effects of wt-p53, BT-1 and CM-CSF genes cotransfection on proliferation and immunogenicity of SH-SY5Y cell lines

Objective To observe the effeet of cotransduction of wt-p53,B7-1 and GM-CSF genes mediated by recombinant adenovirus on cell growth, apoptosis and immunogenicity of neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, Methods We transfected SH-SYSY cells separately with recombinant adenovirus, recombinant adenovirus mediating human wild type p53(wt-p53) gene and BB-102.We separately named them with SH/Ad,SH/p53 and SH/BB-102 group.The protein expression of p53, B7-1 and GM-CSF were measured by Western blot, FCM and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cell number was counted and growth curves were drawed. Cell apoptosis was tested by FCM. Lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretory was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte culturing. Results After transection with BB- 102, p53, B7-1, and GM-CSF, high-efficiency expression of target genes were found. Growth of the cells was inhibited, apoptosis was induced in the SH/p53 and SH/BB-102 groups. Proliferation of lymphocytes was stimulated and cytokine increased visorously in the SH/BB-102 group. Condusions After transfection with BB-102, growth of the SH-SY5Y cells was inhibited,apoptosis was induced,and immunogenicity was greatly enhanced. Key words: Neuroblastoma; Adenoviruses,Human; Genes,p53; Antigens,CD80; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Radiometric calibration of an ultra-compact microbolometer thermal imaging module

As microbolometer focal plane array formats are steadily decreasing, new challenges arise in correcting for thermal drift in the calibration coefficients. As the thermal mass of the cameras decrease the focal plane becomes more sensitive to external thermal inputs. This paper shows results from a temperature compensation algorithm for characterizing and radiometrically calibrating a FLIR Lepton camera.
Effect of polymer residues on the electrical properties of large-area graphene–hexagonal boron nitride planar heterostructures

Polymer residue plays an important role in the performance of 2D heterostructured materials. Herein, we study the effect of polymer residual impurities on the electrical properties of graphene-boron nitride planar heterostructures. Large-area graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayers were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition techniques. Atomic van-der-Waals heterostructure layers based on varied configurations of Gr and h-BN layers were assembled. The average interlayer resistance of the heterojunctions over a 1 cm2 area for several planar heterostructure configurations was assessed by impedance spectroscopy and modeled by equivalent electrical circuits. Conductive AFM measurements showed that the presence of polymer residues on the surface of the Gr and h-BN monolayers resulted in significant resistance deviations over nanoscale regions.
Understanding Mobile Banking Usage: An Integrative Perspective

Increasingly, smartphones and mobile commerce are changing consumer transaction behaviors and shifting the ways in which users interact with business. Similarly, the banking and financial industry is now empowered by FinTech applications to improve their consumer experience and banking services to solidify the role for mobile banking (MB) for years to come. In this study, we are taking an integrated approach by combining two IT adoption models: UTAUT and IS Success, and using both subjective and objective measures for mobile banking usage. Our regression results for a sample of 472 bank users in a mid-size US bank find a strong support for satisfaction, objective actual use, and loyalty but not for subjective actual use. These results provide interesting implications for both IS adoption theory and banking institutions for improving satisfaction and use of MB.
Current and future directions in electron transfer chemistry of graphene

The participation of graphene in electron transfer chemistry, where an electron is transferred between graphene and other species, encompasses many important processes that have shown versatility and potential for use in important applications. Examples of these processes range from covalent functionalization of graphene to modify its properties and incorporate different functional groups, to electrochemical reactions and selective etching. In this paper, we review recent developments in these areas of the electron transfer chemistry of graphene. We address recent progress on controlling covalent functionalization through chemical and physical methods, and how carefully functionalized graphene can be incorporated into composite materials with enhanced properties. We review the selective etching of graphene to form edges and nanopores, which have unique chemical and physical properties. Nanoporous graphene is promising for new membrane and filtration applications. We also discuss the electrochemistry of graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition in two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries, which enables large surface areas and control over the distribution and concentration of edge and basal plane sites. We discuss the potential for each of these areas to have an impact in future applications such as filtration membranes, electronic devices, electrochemical electrodes, composite materials, and chemical sensors.
Why do we see history so differently

Chris Toumey illustrates how different groups of people involved with nanotechnology have different views on the history of the field and feel differently about its importance.
Unimalleolar Ankle Fracture: Lateral Malleolus Only/Supination External Rotation (SER) 4

A 64-year-old female with well-controlled type II diabetes sustained an injury to her right ankle when she slipped and fell on ice. She noted immediate right ankle pain and deformity, was unable to bear weight, and had diffuse swelling and ecchymosis throughout her ankle and tenderness to palpation over the lateral malleolus with no tenderness medially. Radiographs showed a long oblique lateral malleolus fracture at the level of the syndesmosis with a comminuted posterior malleolus fracture involving less than 10% of the articular surface and an incongruent tibiotalar joint with lateral subluxation of the talus seen on the mortise view. She was diagnosed with a Lauge-Hansen supination external rotation IV ankle fracture (SER IV) and underwent open reduction and internal fixation of this injury using lag-screw fixation and neutralization plating of the fibula with placement of a syndesmotic screw.
The Basic Kinds of Lunar Formations

The heart of this book is found in Chapters 4 through 7, which explore the four quadrants of the Moon in great detail, describing the most interesting formations for you to subject to the scrutiny of your telescope, camera, video camera or CCD. These chapters are illustrated by drawings of selected features, all made by amateur astronomers. If you are not familiar with the nomenclature of the Moon’s topography, this chapter will quickly introduce you to the basic kinds of lunar formations, with some examples. These include craters of various types (terraced, concentric, ghost and ray craters, crater chains), the lunar maria and bays, wrinkle ridges, rilles or clefts, mountains (ranges and isolated peaks) and lunar domes.
Leveraging fluid resistance in soft robots

A key advantage to Fluidic Elastomer Actuators (FEA) is that they permit easy fabrication of robots capable of sophisticated manipulation and mobility. This advantage arises primarily from the continuous stretching and relaxation of elastomeric material that defines an active degree of freedom (DOF), prescribed during the manufacturing process. While the low elastic moduli of the soft material allows for infinite passive DOFs, each active DOF typically requires a valve and/or pump. On-board valving adds weight and size to the robots, and off-board valving requires tubing that imparts resistance to flow and requires higher pressure differentials for reasonable actuation velocities. In contrast to these methods, the work presented here exploits fluidic resistance in poroelastic foam actuators to create a traveling wave using only a single valve and pressure inlet. This concept is evaluated with respect to foam volume and fluid viscosity, and further demonstrated in a three-legged robot capable of millipede-inspired locomotion. The robot is capable of traveling at ∼1.1 mm/s, with individual legs (closest to the inlet) extending 41.28, 27.36, and 12.95 mm. These results represents an important step towards increasingly complex behavior in soft robots that remain simple to fabricate and control.
Advocate Health Care: A Systemwide Approach to Quality and Safety

Article-at-a-Glance Background Advocate Health Care's culture of safety is rooted in its mission, values, and philosophy and demonstrates a profound regard for the welfare of those it serves. Its five values—excellence, compassion, partnership, equality, and stewardship—provide the foundation for interactions with patients. Patient Safety as a Leadership and Organizational Priority Patient safety has been a leadership and organizational priority since 1999, when the chief executive officer and chief medical officer appointed an eight-member patient safety task force. The treatment of patient safety as a priority is reflected, for example, in sustained support for the patient safety task force's four teams (labor and delivery, nosocomial infection prevention, medication error prevention, and delayed/missed diagnoses), in the allocation of significant financial resources to technology, and in the dedication of additional capital to create safer physical-facility designs. Challenges and Lessons Learned To implement and sustain a culture of safety, Advocate addressed three challenges: complexity of the system, underreporting of patient safety events, and medical staff's acceptance of the disclosure policy. For example, strategies to address the underreporting challenge include creating a standardized patient safety event form, integrating disparate databases for patient safety event reporting, and providing ongoing education to reinforce the need to report events. Advocate's most significant area for improvement is to become less reliant on risk reduction strategies that may result only in short-term improvements.
Punishment Generalization Gradients with Humans

Electric-shock punishment produces stimulus-generalization gradients with animals. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether response-cost punishment produces similar gradients with humans. In Experiment 1, psychophysical procedures were used to generate a set of 10 horizontal lines that differ in length such that adjacent lines were indiscriminable, then reinforcement gradients were obtained with those lines to show that gradients can be produced with those stimuli. In Experiment 2, subjects pressed a lever for points exchangeable for money on a VI schedule in the presence of each stimulus, then points were lost immediately after each response in the presence of Stimulus 6 (the middle value). Response rate decreased in the presence of Stimulus 6, but it had a similar increase in the presence of all other stimuli. Those results suggest that point loss and not line length was the discriminative stimulus for further point loss. To minimize stimulus control exerted by immediate point loss, and thus enhance control by line length, in Experiment 3 points were lost only at the end of the component correlated with Stimulus 6, and in Experiment 4 point loss was arranged on VR and VI schedules. Neither delayed nor intermittent point loss produced gradients: Unpunished response rate was similar in the presence of all line lengths. The present results suggest that the technique of reinforcing responding in the presence of several stimuli during baseline then punishing responding in the presence of only one of those stimuli does not produce with humans and response-cost punishment the gradients obtained with pigeons and electric-shock punishment.
Stream‐Gaging Activities in North Carolina During the Past Year

The past decade has been a period of marked improvement in our municipal water supplies and a corresponding advance has been made in the gaging of our streams. Review at this point will give perspective to the past year's work. Stream gaging in this State is a cooperative undertaking between the United States Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development. The Geological Survey supplies the personnel, defines the standards of accuracy and publishes the daily flow in annual reports. The State and the Survey agree on the streams to be measured and define the scope of the work. The State may also publish the data. Ten years ago there were 26 gaging stations in operation in North Carolina, 5 of which were equipped with recording instruments and 2 with cable ways for metering. Records were published as late as 4 years after their date of collection. Information was available mostly on our western streams, still undeveloped for power. No data were available for water supplies. Through municipal cooperation with the State this condition was rectified and numerous stations were established on the smaller streams that are so important for such supplies. In this work our State was a pioneer. Now similar work is being done in many sections of the country. On the heels of this work cooperation was established between the Geological Survey and the Army Engineer offices for the establishment of gaging stations in the Piedmont and coastal sections of the State, the latter an area previously untouched by our work. This was a part of the investigation of our rivers authorized by the Congress (House Document 308). Under this investigation our first permanent gaging structures were installed. With increasing annual allocations of State funds our gaging program was built up to a total of 77 stations in 1930. Then with the