cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Solubility of the Sparingly Soluble Solids 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, Phenanthrene, and Fluorene in Various Organic Solvents by Molecular Simulation

We present a simple method to estimate the solubility of weakly soluble solids in different solvents. The method involves the calculation of the residual chemical potential of a single solute molecule in the solvent of interest using an appropriate atomistic free energy simulation technique. In the present method, an expanded ensemble calculation is used, along with a combined Wang−Landau/Bennett's acceptance ratio method. To avoid the simulation of the solid phase and the use of analytic reference states, a single experimental solubility data point for the solute in a single reference solvent is also required. The method has advantages over more empirical descriptor-based methods in that the simulations enable insight into the underlying molecular driving forces responsible for solubility trends. Results are presented for the solubility of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, phenanthrene, and fluorene in the solvents hexane, octane, ethanol, 1-octanol, cyclohexane, benzene, and 1,4-dioxane. Overall, agreement be...
The “Other Landscape” of Alain-Fournier

William James, in his Varieties of Religious Experience, makes the following statement: Lyric poetry and music are alive and significant only in proportion as they fetch these vague vistas of a life continuous with our own, beckoning and inviting, yet ever eluding our pursuit. We are alive or dead to the eternal inner message of the arts according as we have kept or lost this mystical susceptibility.
PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN LAPWINGS (CHARADRIIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLUTCH SIZES AND MATING SYSTEMS.

It is generally assumed that parental behavior is much less demanding in birds that do not feed their young than in those that do (e.g., Graul, 1973; Wiley, 1974; Emlen and Oring, 1977; Welty, 1982 p. 293). That is, parental behavior requires less effort, or at least imposes fewer constraints on time and energy budgets, in the former. This assumption seems plausible, not only because parental feeding is lacking, but also because the young of such species are nidifugous and precocial, and hence relatively self-reliant. The assumption that parental behavior is less demanding in precocial birds is important because of its critical role in theories about clutch sizes and mating systems. If young are not fed, other parental behaviors are thought to constrain clutch size very little, so that additional factors, notably ability of females to form eggs, limit clutches to sizes below those at which parents might begin to have difficulty providing adequate care (Lack, 1968; see also Bengtson, 1971; von Haartman, 1971; Ricklefs, 1974; Rahn et al., 1975; Andersson, 1976). Mating system theory attributes the relatively high incidence of polygamy among birds that do not feed young to the lesser demands of parental behavior in these species (Lack, 1968 p. 150; Orians, 1969). In the evolution of mating behavior, the advantage, measured in number of additional offspring produced, of acquiring multiple mates is weighed against the decrease in the viability of those
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates postischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration

Intravital microscopy was used to determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC; 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion) would attenuate leukocyte adhesion and emigration induced by subsequent prolonged ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (60 min) (I/R) in murine cremaster muscle and whether adenosine produced during IPC and/or reperfusion contributed to these beneficial effects. I/R elicited a marked increase in the number of adherent and emigrated leukocytes compared with the nonischemic control muscles, an effect that was largely prevented by IPC. Superfusion of the cremaster with adenosine deaminase only during IPC or only during 60-min reperfusion attenuated the inhibitory effect of IPC on postischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration. However, the beneficial effects of IPC were mimicked in cremaster muscles preconditioned with adenosine (topical application for 10 min beginning 20 min before the onset of prolonged ischemia). Similar results were obtained in experiments in which adenosine was topically applied to the cremaster only during the 60-min reperfusion period. Our findings suggest that the ability of IPC to attenuate postischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration may be mediated by adenosine released during IPC and during reperfusion after prolonged ischemia.
Piezoelectrically Actuated Robotic End-Effector with Strain Amplification Mechanisms

This chapter describes a nested rhombus multilayer mechanism for large effective-strain piezoelectric actuators. This hierarchical nested architecture encloses smaller flextensional actuators with larger amplifying structures so that a large amplification gain on the order of several hundreds can be obtained. A prototype nested PZT cellular actuator that weighs only 15 g produces 21% effective strain (2.53 mm displacement from 12 mm actuator length and 30 mm width) and 1.69 N blocking force. A lumped parameter model is proposed to represent the mechanical compliance of the nested strain amplifier. This chapter also describes the minimum switching discrete switching vibration suppression (MSDSVS) approach for flexible robotic systems with redundancy in actuation. The MSDSVS method reduces the amplitude of oscillation when applied to the redundant, flexible actuator units. A tweezer-style end-effector is developed based on the rhombus multilayer mechanism. The dimensions of the end-effector are determined by taking the structural compliance into account. The assembled robotic end-effector produces 1.0 N of force and 8.8 mm of displacement at the tip.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT Signaling by Degrasyn through a Novel Mechanism.

Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) is a cytokine receptor associated tyrosine kinase. Cytokine stimulation results in JAK2 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytokine receptor. Cytosolic SH2 domain containing proteins, such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are recruited to phospho-tyrosine residues on the activated cytokine receptor, and phosphorylated by JAK2 to form stable dimers, followed by their translocation to the nucleus where they function as transcription factors. Deregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway is seen in several epithelial tumors and many hematological malignancies. Recent studies demonstrate that an activating mutation in the pseudokinase domain of JAK2 (V617F) underlies hematological disorders like polycythemia vera. Therefore, inhibition of JAK2 may have therapeutic significance in many cancers. The tryphostin AG490 is the most widely studied inhibitor of JAK2, which inhibits tumor cell growth and increases sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli in vitro. However, in vivo studies with AG490 have been less promising due to its poor pharmacology and requirement for high concentrations to achieve significant anti-tumor activity. To identify a more effective inhibitor of the JAK2-STAT pathway, we screened over 300 analogues of AG490 for their ability to inhibit IL-6 dependent activation of STAT3. A lead compound, Degrasyn (WP1130), was identified from this screen that inhibited IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation at low microM concentrations. Preliminary studies using in vitro kinase assays revealed that Degrasyn is a weak JAK2 kinase inhibitor despite being a strong suppressor of STAT3 activation, suggesting a different mechanism of inhibition of the JAK2-STAT pathway. We show that Degrasyn inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation by inducing the down-regulation of JAK2 protein without affecting STAT3. The loss of JAK2 protein via Degrasyn is a rapid and irreversible process. A decrease in JAK2 protein levels is observed as early as 30 minutes after treatment with near complete loss of JAK2 after 2 hours of Degrasyn incubation. While other tyrosine kinases are not affected, both wild type and mutant (V617F) forms of JAK2 are equally down-regulated by Degrasyn. Loss of JAK2 protein by Degrasyn is not blocked by inhibition of calpain or serine/threonine proteases or by inhibition of the proteosomal or lysosomal pathway. Real-Time PCR analysis of JAK2 transcript levels after Degrasyn treatment showed no significant change, suggesting a direct effect of Degrasyn on the JAK2 protein itself. Recent studies suggest that Degrasyn alters the cytoplasmic compartmentalization of JAK2, sequestering the kinase in an insoluble fraction. In vivo studies show that Degrasyn has significant anti-tumor effects against models of leukemia and lymphoma. These results suggest that Degrasyn induces JAK2 degradation by a unique mechanism and may be useful in treating tumors and diseases where the JAK2 kinase plays a pivotal role.
A Solid State Variable Capacitor With Minimum Capacitor

A solid state variable capacitor (SSVC) with minimum capacitor is proposed. A variable ac capacitor (with capacitance varied from 0 to $C_{{{\rm ac}}}$ ) is traditionally implemented by an H-bridge inverter and a large electrolytic dc capacitor, whose capacitance is 20 times of the ac capacitor's value, in order to absorb the ripple power pulsating at twice the line frequency (2 ω ripple power). The proposed SSVC system consists of an H-bridge and an additional phase leg connected to an ac capacitor with fixed capacitance $C_{{{\rm ac}}}$ and can reduce the dc capacitance to minimum value for absorbing switching ripples. The ac capacitor absorbs the 2 ω component and theoretically can eliminate 2 ω ripples to the dc capacitor completely. The total capacitor size is reduced by 13 times if same type capacitors (film) are used. Moreover, the proposed SSVC shows special advantages in terms of the switches’ current and voltage stress compared to other applications and the total device power rating is only 1.125 times of H-bridge. Since the proposed SSVC only has a small dc capacitor, a novel control system directly based on ripple power is also proposed to achieve stable dc voltage and fast dynamic response. Simulation and experimental results are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed SSVC with minimum capacitor.
Geometry Proof Writing: A Problem-Solving Approach a la Polya.

Have you solved a similar problem? The Third Committee on Geometry, composed of twenty-six prominent teachers in the field of mathe matics, prepared a questionnaire which raised perti nent questions concerning the teaching of geometry. The replies indicate that "there is almost unanimous agreement that demonstrative geometry can be so taught that it will develop the power to reason logical ly more readily than other school subjects, and that the degree of transfer of this logical training to situa tions outside geometry is a fair measure of the efficacy of the instruction. However great the partisan bias in this expression of opinion, the question 'Do teachers of geometry ordinarily teach in such a way as to secure transfer of those methods, attitudes, and appreciations which are commonly said to be most easily transferable?' elicits an almost unanimous but sorrowful 'No.'" (Fawcett 1938,8)
Integrating land surface phenology with cluster density and size improves spatially explicit models of animal density

Abstract Models of animal density often use coarse landcover categories that homogenize vegetation attributes, thereby limiting specificity of results. Alternatively, models including land surface phenology (LSP) metrics derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery capture continuous time-series data describing plant growth and senescence. LSP metrics may better discriminate the vegetation conditions influencing species habitat and distribution. Additionally, applications modeling animal density often use clusters (i.e., groups of individuals) but omit differences in cluster sizes. Ignoring how cluster size varies with landscape characteristics risks misrepresenting the spatial distribution of an animals' density. Using lesser prairie-chickens (LEPC; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ) as an example, we integrated the spatial distributions of cluster density and cluster size with LSP metrics to better predict its density in Texas, USA. We modeled LEPC cluster density using hierarchical distance sampling and cluster size with zero-truncated generalized linear modeling. Variables included landcover categories, LSP metrics, human infrastructure and topography. Models incorporating LSP metrics received most support and identified conservation areas that landcover models missed. Cluster density associated with LSP metrics, road density, oil and gas well density, topography, and grassland to shrubland ratio. Cluster size associated with topography and LSP metrics. Omitting the spatial distribution of cluster size underestimated LEPC density. Our approach generates geospatial predictions for prioritizing LEPC protection, habitat restoration, and evaluating impacts from development or phenological change. This study demonstrates the utility of integrating LSP metrics, cluster density and cluster size for predicting species density across large and heterogeneous landscapes.
Daytime Ionosphere Retrieval Algorithm for the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON).

The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer Extreme Ultraviolet spectrograph, ICON EUV, will measure altitude profiles of the daytime extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) OII emission near 83.4 and 61.7 nm that are used to determine density profiles and state parameters of the ionosphere. This paper describes the algorithm concept and approach to inverting these measured OII emission profiles to derive the associated $\mathrm{O}^{+}$ density profile from 150–450 km as a proxy for the electron content in the F-region of the ionosphere. The algorithm incorporates a bias evaluation and feedback step, developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory using data from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) and the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) missions, that is able to effectively mitigate the effects of systematic instrument calibration errors and inaccuracies in the original photon source within the forward model. Results are presented from end-to-end simulations that convolved simulated airglow profiles with the expected instrument measurement response to produce profiles that were inverted with the algorithm to return data products for comparison to truth. Simulations of measurements over a representative ICON orbit show the algorithm is able to reproduce hmF2 values to better than 5 km accuracy, and NmF2 to better than 12% accuracy over a 12-second integration, and demonstrate that the ICON EUV instrument and daytime ionosphere algorithm can meet the ICON science objectives which require 20 km vertical resolution in hmF2 and 18% precision in NmF2.
Spying on Political Activism

A description and analysis of the spying on Kenyatta while he was resident in Britain by the British intelligence services, sanctioned by the legendary founder of MI5 (the British domestic intelligence service that also had the power to spy in the colonies). New material shows how extensive the spying was: sanctioning the opening and reading of his mail by MI5 agents; spying on his friends and colleagues; working to deny him employment in the UK; and generally shadowing him everywhere that he went. This is the period of Kenyatta as the “burning spear.” This chapter also considers Kenyatta’s enrolment and study at KUTV in the Soviet Union and its political consequences; the rise of the myth of Kenyatta as a Communist or Communist agent.
Workshop: A narrative approach to broadening schema about engineering professors

What images come to mind when you encounter the word “professor”? In many cases, our notions of a professor lead us to think of someone conducting research and teaching classes. However, our understanding of professors is in part limited by the professors we have been in contact with through our own educational experiences. Most people with PhD degrees attended a Doctoral University with Highest Research Activity, and therefore possess schema of professors in line with the professor at this type of institution. In this session, participants will be introduced to the narratives of twelve professors affiliated with institutions other than a Doctoral University with Highest Research Activity. These institution types include Baccalaureate Colleges, Master's Institutions, Doctoral Universities with Moderate Research Activity, and Doctoral Universities with Higher Research Activity. Through the use of personal narratives, the experiences of twelve assistant engineering professors will be considered. Session attendees will gain a broader understanding of what it means to be a professor by studying the experiences of professors at universities with varying focus on research and teaching.
Performance Comparison of Commercially Available RF Analog and Mixed Signal Simulation Tools Using Benchmark Circuits

There are various commercially available Analog/RF simulator tools currently in the market, which have their distinctive applications and advantages. In this paper, some of the most widely used Analog/RF simulators (Cadence Spectre/APS, Keysight ADS and GoldenGate, and Mentor Graphics AFS) have been reviewed with respect to their performance and unique features. An LC-VCO and a CMOS Ring Oscillator are designed using GLOBALFOUNDRIES 45 nm RFSOI technology PDK. They are simulated using all the four listed simulators and their results have been analyzed with respect to performance and circuit design aspects.
The emotional antecedents of solidarity in social media crowds

This study examines the organizational dynamics of social media crowds, in particular, the influence of a crowd’s emotional expression on its solidarity. To identify the relationship between emotio...
Revision eDCR using a superior pedicled mucosal flap.

Background Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies (eDCRs) show patency rates between 81% and 94%. However, dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure and the need for revision remain a significant challenge. One of the principal challenges in revision eDCR is the need to surgically identify the correct osteotomy site and maintain long-term patency in the setting of previously instrumented and potentially scarred tissue. At the same time, the surgeon must assume that the blood supply to the commonly described anterior and posteriorly pedicled flaps has been compromised. Objective The objective of the study is to describe a novel flap technique for revision eDCR. Methods The superior based mucosal flap is a novel technique that provides a vascularized mucosa preserving technique in revision eDCR despite previous instrumentation of the lacrimal system. This technique provides wide exposure of the revision osteotomy site while simultaneously allowing a viable mucosal flap to be replaced at the conclusion of the procedure, thereby minimizing bone exposure and cicatricial restenosis. Results The authors have utilized this technique in 13 procedures with 100% positive identification of the lacrimal sac, a 0% complication rate, and a 100% success rate after a mean follow-up of 26.93 ± 10.33 months (range 6-35 months). Conclusion The eDCR using the superior pedicled mucosal flap provides excellent exposure of the maxillary bone and the lacrimal sac. This method preserves vascularity of the flap using a superiorly based pedicle which is typically inviolate during both open and endoscopic primary DCR. The mucosal flap can then be replaced, thereby minimizing bone exposure and optimizing patency.
Microarray Use for the Analysis of the CNS

The field of molecular genetics is blossoming into a multidisciplinary entity that is revolutionizing the way researchers evaluate a myriad of critical concepts such as development, homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. There is tremendous interest in the quantitative assessment of tissue-specific expression of both newly identified and well-characterized specific genes and proteins. High-throughput expression profiling technologies have effectively altered the experimental design of gene expression assessments. Microarray platforms are at the center of this paradigm shift in that they provide an affordable simultaneous assessment of expression levels of a sample preparation in a single experiment.
Producer price highlights during 2001

William F. Snyders, Jon Weinhagen, and Amy Popick are economists for the Producer Price Index Program, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Email: Snyders_W@bls.gov Weinhagen_J@bls.gov Popick_A@bls.gov The Producer Price Index (PPI) for Finished Goods declined 1.6 percent in 2001, the largest calendar year decrease since a 2.3percent drop in 1986. This index rose 3.6 percent in 2000, and 2.9 percent in 1999. Finished goods are commodities that are ready for sale to the final-demand user, either an individual consumer or a business firm. The majority of the 2001 decline in finished goods prices can be traced to a 17.1-percent drop in finished energy prices. Excluding energy, the index for finished goods advanced 1.2 percent in 2001. Following a 1.7-percent gain in the prior year, the index for finished consumer foods rose 1.8 percent in 2001. Prices for finished goods less foods and energy—a category that includes both consumer goods and capital equipment—increased 0.9 percent in 2001, following a 1.3-percent advance throughout the previous 12 months. Prices for commodities at the overall crude and intermediate stages of processing also experienced declines for the 2001 calendar year. The PPI for intermediate materials, supplies, and components fell 4 percent in 2001, after posting a 4.1-percent gain in 2000. Intermediate goods in the PPI reflect material inputs to the manufacturing process, as well as various supplies consumed in the production process. Prices for crude materials for furthering processing dropped 32.5 percent, following a 35.5percent jump in the prior calendar year. Crude goods are unprocessed goods that are primarily outputs from mining industries and agricultural production. Throughout 2001, energy prices turned down at both the crude and intermediate stages of processing. The index for intermediate foods and feeds rose at a much slower rate in 2001 than it did in 2000. Prices for crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs turned down, after falling a year earlier. Excluding foods and energy, the indexes for intermediate goods and crude materials posted declines. (See table 1.)
MIS Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Subvastus Approach

Introduction Performing minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty through a subvastus approach makes sense on an anatomic basis, on a scientific basis and on a practical basis. Anatomically, the subvastus approach is the only approach that saves the entire quadriceps tendon insertion on the patella [1–5] (⊡ Fig. 29.1). Scientifically, the subvastus approach has been shown, in prospective randomized clinical trials, to be superior to the standard medial parapatellar arthrotomy and to the so-called quad-sparing arthrotomy [3, 6, 7] (⊡ Table 29.1). Practically, MIS TKA with a subvastus approach is reliable, reproducible and efficient and allows the MIS technique to be applied to a broad group of patients not just a highly selected subgroup [8] (⊡ Table 29.2). It is now accepted widely that the tenets of minimally invasive (MIS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include: a smaller skin incision, no eversion of the patella, minimal disruption of the suprapatellar pouch, and minimal disruption of the quadriceps tendon. To what degree any one of those factors contribute to improvements in post-operative function remains unclear. Our initial attempts at MIS TKA using the short medial arthrotomy (sometimes referred to as the quad-sparing approach) and the mini-midvastus splitting approaches were frustrated by some substantial technical difficulties. We then modified the subvastus approach to the knee to meet the tenets of MIS TKA and found that it markedly facilitated MIS surgery and allowed it to be applied to a broader group of patients. When coupled with instruments designed specifically for small incision surgery the modified subvastus approach is reliable, reproducible and safe. Using a simple set of retractors this procedure can be done without making any blind cuts or free-hand cuts and that enhances surgical accuracy and patient safety.
Levels of protein kinase C and nitric oxide synthase activity in rats exposed to sub chronic low level lead.

The intracellular regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in relation to the accumulation of lead (Pb2+) in various brain regions following low-level lead exposure (50 ppm) for 90 days in rats was investigated. PKC and NOS are important enzymes in mediating cellular transduction mechanisms and in the regulation of neuronal plasticity. Rats exposed to Pb2+ resulted in bood Pb2+ levels similar to those observed in children affected due to Pb2+ exposure. Further, we examined whether Pb2+ accumulation changed the intracellular signaling mechanisms in different brain regions. Results of these experiments indicate that significant region specific Pb2+ accumulation is associated with down regulation of PKC. The down regulation of PKC increased the activity of NOS following Pb2+ exposure. Thus, the change in PKC activity in respect to Pb2+ accumulation increased NOS activity. These results suggest that neuronal toxicity during Pb2+ exposure is linked to the modulation of PKC followed by NOS activation.
C–E Bond Formation through Hydrosilylation of Alkynes and Related Reactions

The chapter reviews developments in the field of alkyne hydrosilylation catalyzed by transition metals. A mechanistic overview is provided. State-of-the-art methods for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes are presented, including methods to afford cis- and trans-addition products as well as α-vinylsilanesilane regioisomers. The selective hydrosilylation of internal alkynes through intermolecular and intramolecular methods is presented as well. Recent applications in methodology and synthesis for the subsequent use of vinylsilanes in oxidative and C–C-bond-forming processes are presented, as well as tandem hydrosilylation/carbocyclization processes with tethered unsaturation.
Doctors, the state, and the ethics of political medical practice.

Brief history of the interactions between the social institutions of medicine and civil societies in modern history. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
We are who we say we are: teachers’ shared identity in the workplace

ABSTRACTSymbolic convergence theory provides a framework to examine how group consciousness and meaning are formed. Because dialectical tensions are present in all human interactions (e.g., a need ...
Utilizing Inherent Randomness in Stochastic Computing

Nowadays, low-cost and efficient integrated circuit (IC) design is of great interest due to the proliferation of computing devices, the resource-constrained nature of these systems, the desire to improve computing capability, and the need to reduce the cost. Stochastic computing has emerged as a promising alternative computing paradigm to binary deterministic computing, which enables very low-cost implementations of arithmetic operations using standard logic elements while achieving a higher degree of fault-resistance. However, it exhibits inherent randomness owing to its stochastic representation of data, which degrades the accuracy of the computation. Instead of trying to eliminate the inherent randomness to improve accuracy, this paper introduces the idea of utilizing the inherent randomness to enhance the performance of stochastic computing applications. We show that the inherent noise in stochastic computing can be utilized to perturb neural networks to escape local optima or saddle points, reduce over-fitting, and augment data. For example, the proposed methodology could improve the test accuracy of a multi-layer convolutional neural network on the CIFAR-10 dataset by 5%.
Behavior Management: What I Have Learned

This article presents concepts that the author believes to be essential for the effective management of student behavior. These behavior management concepts will help both veteran and future physic...
Modeling Diamond Blackfan Anemia and p53 Activation in the Zebrafish

Marrow dysplasias are pre-leukemic conditions that include ribosomopathies, a group of rare genetic diseases, or myelodysplasia preceded by clonal expansion in older adults with somatic mutations. To discover novel therapies for ribosomopathies, we performed two chemical suppressor screens using a ribosomal protein mutant zebrafish and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from ribosomopathy patients. In the zebrafish screen, we found calmodulin inhibitors rescued the anemia in zebrafish and also rescued the erythroid defect of the mouse (in vivo) and human (in vitro) models of marrow failure. The screen in RPS19 mutant human iPSCs identified a compound, SMER28, which enhanced erythropoiesis in anemia models through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. The compounds identified in our chemicals screens have provided new insight into the etiology of marrow failure, and calmodulin inhibitors will soon be studied in a clinical trial with adult Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients. To study the abnormal clonal hematopoiesis associated with myelodysplasia, we have generated a new system using the zebrafish in which single stem cells and their progeny express unique combinations of fluorescent proteins, allowing them to be tracked over time by their specific color. Mosaic mutagenesis induced by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats /cas9 and/or gene overexpression in this system led to expansion of specifically colored blood, modeling the clonal hematopoiesis of human myelodysplasia. Our studies should provide new insight into the ribosomopathies and myelodysplasia. Disclosures Zon: Marauder Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Other: Founder; Scholar Rock: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Founder; Fate, Inc.: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Founder.
Correction to: Incorporating climate change into invasive species management: insights from managers

The article Incorporating climate change into invasive species management: insights from managers, written by Evelyn M. Beaury
Sequential Change Detection and Hypothesis Testing: General Non-i.i.d. Stochastic Models and Asymptotically Optimal Rules

Statistical methods for sequential hypothesis testing and changepoint detection have applications across many fields, including quality control, biomedical engineering, communication networks, econometrics, image processing, security, etc. This book presents an overview of methodology in these related areas, providing a synthesis of research from the last few decades. The methods are illustrated through real data examples, and software is referenced where possible. The emphasis is on providing all the theoretical details in a unified framework, with pointers to new research directions.
Navigating "Breakup Remorse": Implications for Disrupting the On-Again/Off-Again Cycles in Young Adult Dating Relationships.

While the research is clear on the risks for distress associated with on-again, off-again romantic relationships (i.e., cyclical relationships), little is known about the change mechanisms experienced by partners in cyclical relationships or how helping professionals can assist young adults stably continue or end these relationships. Young adults (N = 21) in different stages of cyclical relationships (renewed, ended, or contemplating renewal) attended focus groups and articulated specific mechanisms that influenced their ability to make distress-reducing decisions. Main themes for professionals working with partners in cyclical relationships centered on promoting "decision-making resilience," which included addressing issues around identity development, communication, power/control dynamics, and intentionality. These results inform assessments and interventions to bolster resilience and reduce distress for cyclical couples.
Metal-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization Reactions of Cyanamides: Synthesis of 2-Aryl-α-carbolines

The synthesis of annulated 2-aryl-α-carboline heterocycles is described using transition metal catalysis. A linear strategy is described that uses Rh(I) catalysis to form the α-carboline scaffold by [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization. Alternatively, a tandem catalytic approach using a Pd(II) precatalyst afforded the same target molecules by mediating a Sonogashira reaction and a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization in the same reaction flask. In each case, nine different 2-aryl-α-carbolines have been prepared in high to modest isolated yields.
Implementation of an Electrical Safety Program at Midstream and Upstream Facilities

This paper describes how a comprehensive electrical safety program was created and executed in a multidisciplinary workforce. This paper describes the arc flash hazard assessment considerations for dispersed facilities, the development of custom-built training requirements for electrical and non-electrical personnel, the process for skill verification, and the creation and implementation of a new business rule (a sustaining process and program). It concludes with a discussion of how the locally tailored electrical safety program was integrated into existing global programs (including a permit-to-work procedure and an energy isolation [lockout-tagout] procedure) to yield an operational reality and how this was achieved in a cost-effective manner.
Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease Using Driving Simulator Data

Early detection of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is critical in creating better outcomes for patients. Performance in complex tasks such as vehicular driving may be a sensitive tool for early detection of AD and serve as a good indicator of functional status. In this study, we investigate the classification of AD patients and controls using driving simulator data. Our results show that machine learning algorithms, especially random forest classifier, can accurately discriminate AD patients and controls (AUC = 0.96, Sensitivity = 87%, and Specificity = 93%). The model-identified most important features include Pothole Avoidance, Road Signs Recalled, Inattention Measurements, Reaction Time, and Detection Times, among others, all of which closely align with previous studies about cognitive functions that are affected by AD.
High Thermoelectric Power Factor and Efficiency from a Highly Dispersive Band in Ba 2 Bi Au

In harvesting waste heat for electricity via thermoelectric materials, the figure of merit $z\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ has stagnated at values below 3, as it is difficult to simultaneously achieve low lattice thermal conductivity yet high electronic conductivity. Using state-of-the-art first-principles techniques, the authors predict a tremendous $n$-type $z\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ of 5 at 800 K in the full-Heusler compound Ba${}_{2}$BiAu, due to a ``pocket'' in a highly dispersive conduction band. A parallel study of Fe${}_{2}$TiSi allows the generalization that highly dispersive bands at off-symmetry points ought to be pursued for next-generation thermoelectrics.
Is it a gender representation issue or a gender pay gap issue? A study of the replaced executives in the USA

The gender pay gap is one of the central themes of inequality in the workplace and remains at the heart of the political and social debate. Almost all prior executive pay studies focus on a geographic region or industry to uncover gender pay differences. Since firms differ in size and industry, prior studies used diverse conditional variables to deal with the heterogeneity issues. We use a new approach, executive replacement, to analyze the gender pay gap. Since we study the pay gap in the same firm, most heterogeneity issues disappear. We examine if the gender pay gap exists at the executive level when someone from the opposite sex replace an executive. We use a large sample of 4532 publicly traded firms and 302,729 annual pay observations spanning over 25 years (1992 to 2019). We find that a significant difference in total compensation for female CEOs (compared to male CEOs) does not exist at the aggregate level. However, the 'twenty-percent pay gap' does exist during executive turnover. Our results indicate that female executives face a representation problem, not a compensation discrimination problem. Moreover, evidence suggests that female CEOs are swiftly replaced when a company's stock performance suffers. Female CEOs turn around the company's sagging stock performance better than male CEOs.
Mistuning Identification Technique Based on Blisk Detuning

The structural dynamics of turbomachinery bladed disks is of paramount importance to ensure safety and reliability. Due to their sensitivity to mistuning (that is, any deviation from nominal proper...
Comparative morphology of antennae in the family Pleidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The antennae of species in Pleidae exhibit at least 12 types of sensilla, all of which are documented for the first time for this family. Representatives of all genera (Heteroplea, Neoplea, Paraplea, and Plea) of Pleidae are surveyed and their antennal sensilla documented. The antenna of Heteroplea shares characteristics with Helotrephidae, the sister family to Pleidae, suggesting that its antennal type may be useful in determining relationships between species currently placed in these two families. The antennae of N. striola and N. harnedi suggest that they are separate species and previous suggestions of synonymy are not supported.
Clinical outcome of pediatric and young adult subclinical varicoceles: a single-institution experience

Subclinical varicocele represents an abnormality of veins of the pampiniform plexus on scrotal ultrasound (US) without a clinically palpable varicocele. Its significance remains unclear. While guidelines do not recommend surgical intervention, clinical management is variable. As there is limited information on long-term outcome of subclinical varicoceles due to challenges in diagnosis and management, we performed a single-institution, retrospective review of patients from October 1999 to October 2014 with subclinical varicocele and with available US studies reviewed by a single radiologist. Subclinical varicocele was defined as dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus on US involving ≥2 vessels with diameter >2.5 mm, without clinical varicocele on physical examination or prior inguinal surgery. Thirty-six of 98 patients identified were confirmed as having a subclinical varicocele and analyzed. The mean age at initial visit was 15.5 years, with a mean follow-up of 26.5 months. The majority were right-sided (69.4%, n = 25), usually with a contralateral clinical varicocele. Testicular asymmetry (>20% volume difference of the affected side by testicular atrophy index formula) was assessed in 9 patients with unilateral subclinical varicocele without contralateral clinical or subclinical varicocele and observed in 1 patient. Of 17 patients with follow-up, 3 (17.6%) progressed to clinical varicocele without asymmetric testicular volume, as most remained subclinical or resolved without surgery. In our experience, subclinical varicoceles appeared unlikely to progress to clinical varicoceles, to affect testicular volume, or to lead to surgery. Although our study is limited in numbers and follow-up, this information may aid clinical management strategies and guide future prospective studies.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Blood Biomarkers for Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Breast Cancer: Results of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial.

Purpose Radiation therapy (RT) can increase the risk of cardiac events in patients with breast cancer (BC), but biomarkers predicting risk for developing RT-induced cardiac disease are currently lacking. We report results from a prospective clinical trial evaluating early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum biomarker changes as predictors of cardiac injury and risk of subsequent cardiac events after RT for left-sided disease. Methods Women with node-negative and node-positive (N-/+) left-sided BC were enrolled on 2 institutional review board (IRB)–approved protocols at 2 institutions. MRI was conducted pretreatment (within 1 week of starting radiation), at the end of treatment (last day of treatment ±1 week), and 3 months after the last day of treatment (±2 weeks) to quantify left and right ventricular volumes and function, myocardial fibrosis, and edema. Perfusion changes during regadenoson stress perfusion were also assessed on a subset of patients (n = 28). Serum was collected at the same time points. Whole heart and cardiac substructures were contoured using CT and MRI. Models were constructed using baseline cardiac and clinical risk factors. Associations between MRI-measured changes and dose were evaluated. Results Among 51 women enrolled, mean heart dose ranged from 0.80 to 4.7 Gy and mean left ventricular (LV) dose from 1.1 to 8.2 Gy, with mean heart dose 2.0 Gy. T1 time, a marker of fibrosis, and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) significantly changed with treatment; these were not dose dependent. T2 (marker of edema) and LV EF did not significantly change. No risk factors were associated with baseline global perfusion. Prior receipt of doxorubicin was marginally associated with decreased myocardial perfusion after RT (P = .059), and mean MHD was not associated with perfusion changes. A significant correlation between baseline IL-6 and mean heart dose (MHD) at the end of RT (ρ 0.44, P = .007) and a strong trend between troponin I and MHD at 3 months post-treatment (ρ 0.33, P = .07) were observed. No other significant correlations were identified. Conclusions In this prospective study of women with left-sided breast cancer treated with contemporary treatment planning, cardiac radiation doses were very low relative to historical doses reported by Darby et al. Although we observed significant changes in T1 and RV EF shortly after RT, these changes were not correlated with whole heart or substructure doses. Serum biomarker analysis of cardiac injury demonstrates an interesting trend between markers and MHD that warrants further investigation.
Large sets of zero analytic capacity

We prove that certain Cantor sets with non-sigma-finite onedimensional Hausdorff measure have zero analytic capacity.
Improvements in thin-pulse shock initiation threshold measurements

At LLNL we have been evaluating shock-initiation thresholds for various explosives for a number of years, using thin flyer plates accelerated by an electric gun as the shock stimulus (1 to 3). It is advantageous in time and expense to minimize the number of test specimens required for a threshold determination. We have recently improved our velocity calibrated and our experimental protocol in selecting firing voltages so that we can usually obtain a good estimate of the threshold using only 8 to 10 samples.
Cilia on the Brain: Primary Cilia and Their Roles in Brain Function

The primary cilium was first discovered over 100 years ago but only relatively recently has it been widely regarded as an integral cellular organelle for brain development, maturation and function. Defects in primary cilia contribute to a set of human disorders, ciliopathies, which are multi-systemic in pathology and often include abnormal CNS architecture and intellectual deficits. The intricate structure of the cilium and the molecules that localise to the axoneme all contribute to elegantly orchestrated signalling pathways that influence the whole cell. From their role in neural tube development, neuronal migration and differentiation, to their putative role in adult cognition, primary cilia are critical for diverse aspects of brain function. Yet our current understanding is still very limited: much remains to be discovered about primary cilia biology and ciliary function in the mammalian brain. Key Concepts Primary cilia are unusual cell organelles that look similar to antennae protruding from the cell. Almost all brain cell types have primary cilia, which transduce signals from the milieu. Ciliopathies in humans result from primary cilia defects and often include cognitive impairments and cortical malformations. Primary cilia contribute to brain development and function. Keywords: cilia; ciliopathy; IFT; axoneme; neurogenesis; neural patterning; memory; cognitive impairment
An electromechanical actuation system for an expendable launch vehicle

A major effort at the NASA Lewis Research Center in recent years has been to develop electro-mechanical actuators (EMA's) to replace the hydraulic systems used for thrust vector control (TVC) on launch vehicles. This is an attempt ot overcome the inherent inefficiencies and costs associated with the existing hydraulic structures. General Dynamics Space Systems Division, under contract to NASA Lewis, is developing 18.6 kW (25 hp), 29.8 kW (40 hp), and 52.2 kW (70 hp) peak EMA systems to meet the power demands for TVC on a family of vehicles developed for the National Launch System. These systems utilize a pulse population modulated converter and field-oriented control scheme to obtain independent control of both the voltage and frequency. These techniques allow an induction motor to be operated at its maximum torque at all times. At NASA Lewis, we are building on this technology to develop our own in-house system capable of meeting the peak power requirements for an expendable launch vehicle (ELV) such as the Atlas. Our EMA will be capable of delivering 22.4 kW (30 hp) peak power with a nominal of 6.0 kW (8 hp). This system differs from the previous ones in two areas: (1) the use of advanced control methods, and (2) the incorporation of built-in-test. The advanced controls are essential for minimizing the controller size, while the built-in-test is necessary to enhance the system reliability and vehicle health monitoring. The ultimate goal of this program is to demonstrate an EMA which will be capable of self-test and easy integration into other projects. This paper will describe the effort underway at NASA Lewis to develop an EMA for an Atlas class ELV. An explanation will be given for each major technology block, and the status of each major technology block and the status of the overall program will be reported.
The recent history of ocean current measurement: An underview

In the past two decades, the current-measurement community structure has altered significantly, especially at the middle and high end of the Euler-number spectrum. From the low end has come new flow measurement techniques, producing fundamental changes in the manner and scale in which the ocean is viewed. The conventional techniques, in contrast, seem mired in the swamp of difficult, tedious and often inconclusive performance evaluations.
Diagnosis and Challenges of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence

Although the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have become less stringent over the years, determination of the minimum diagnostic features in adolescents is still an area of controversy. Of particular concern is that many of the features considered to be diagnostic for PCOS may evolve over time and change during the first few years after menarche. Nonetheless, attempts to define young women who may be at risk for development of PCOS is pertinent since associated morbidity such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia may benefit from early intervention. The relative utility of diagnostic tools such as persistence of anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia, hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, or alopecia), or ovarian findings on ultrasound is not established in adolescents. Some suggest that even using the strictest criteria, the diagnosis of PCOS may not valid in adolescents younger than 18 years. In addition, evidence does not necessarily support that lack of treatment of PCOS in younger adolescents will result in untoward outcomes since features consistent with PCOS often resolve with time. The presented data will help determine if it is possible to establish firm criteria which may be used to reliably diagnose PCOS in adolescents.