cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiske steps in Josephson junctions

A theoretical study of the Fiske steps in superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions has been carried out. When the amplitude of the excited cavity mode is small, our result reduces to that obtained by Eck et al. and Kulik. However, when the excitation amplitude is large, we found current-voltage characteristics qualitatively different from those previously obtained by Kulik. Furthermore, the maximum current-step height calculated was $0.38{I}_{0}(T)$, slightly larger than $0.34{I}_{0}(T)$ previously obtained by Kulik. We have also obtained the details of the dependences of the current-voltage characteristics on the applied magnetic field and the damping factor of the cavity mode in the junction.
Spectrum of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Relief with Topical Corticoid and Oral Antihistamine Given Singly or in Combination

Sixty ragweed-sensitive volunteers participated in a 2-week study that compared symptom profiles during treatment with antihistamine (loratadine, LOR) alone, topical corticoid (beclomethasone, BEC)...
Phonon-assisted hopping due to interaction with both acoustical and optical phonons

Previous calculations of the nonadiabatic phonon-assisted jump rate have included electron coupling to either optical or acoustical phonons. Such calculations have yielded expressions for the jump rate which are essentially identical in the high-temperature ($T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{T}_{\mathrm{Debye}}$) regime, in which the lattice motion can be treated classically, but which differ qualitatively from one another in the complementary low-temperature ($T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{\mathrm{Debye}}$) regime. In this article we have extended the calculations to include coupling of the electron to both phonon modes. The theory is not limited by temperature or by the strength of the electron-phonon coupling. Results are obtained which exhibit the essential characteristics of the jump rate for numerous values of the relative coupling of the electron to the optical and acoustical modes. It is found that when the electron's coupling to acoustical modes is comparable to or stronger than its coupling to optical phonon modes and when the difference in energy between the final and initial electronic state, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, is of the same order as $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{Debye}}$, the jump rate is qualitatively similar to that obtained when only the coupling to acoustic phonons is included. For instance, in the strong-coupling (small-polaron) situation the jump rate exhibits a high-temperature activated form above some fraction of the Debye temperature (typically $\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{Debye}}}{2}$). However, below this temperature its temperature dependence decreases sharply, exhibiting a nonactivated behavior. Finally in the limit of sufficiently low temperatures the jump rate is found to be simply the product of the acoustic-phonon jump rate (electrons coupling to acoustical modes only) and an additional factor related to the extra binding of the electron due to its coupling with optical phonons. Only when the coupling of the electron to optical modes is much stronger than its coupling to acoustical modes does the jump rate exhibit deviations from the temperature-dependent behavior described above. Additionally, the dependence of the jump rate on $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is discussed in detail. For instance, in the high-temperature case, it is found that only when $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is small compared with the polaronic binding energy the jump rate varies with $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ as $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{2kT})$. For sufficiently large positive or negative values of $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ the jump rate will decrease with increasing $|\ensuremath{\Delta}|$. Thus even in the case for $\ensuremath{\Delta}l0$ (a hop downward in energy) the jump rate will ultimately decrease to zero as $|\ensuremath{\Delta}|$ increases.
The status and future of research in instructional design and technology

The process of defining a research agenda appropriate for the varied interests of the instructional design and technology profession is difficult. Though unified by a mutual interest in the role of technology in instruction, the backgrounds, orientations, and priorities among members are vastly different. As a consequence, research is often too sporadic and diffuse to impact the field in a systematic manner. In many cases, interest in research seems to have declined. In this paper, many of the problems and issues in developing a meaningful research agenda will be presented. In addition, an attempt is made to set the stage for future research, where the varied interests and expertise in the instructional design and technology profession are supported.
Definition of Optimal Substrate Recognition Motifs of Ca2+-Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases IV and II Reveals Shared and Distinctive Features

The substrate recognition determinants of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) IV and CaMKIIα were investigated using peptide substrates modeled on the amino acid sequence encompassing Ser-9 of synapsin I. For both kinases, hydrophobic residues (Leu or Phe) at the −5 position, are well tolerated, whereas non-hydrophobic residues (Arg, Ala, or Asp) decreaseV max/K m by 55- to >4000-fold. At the −3 position, substitution of Ala for Arg leads to decreases of 99- and 343- fold inV max/K m for CaMKIV and CaMKIIα, respectively. For both kinases, the nature of the residues occupying the −4, −1, and + 4 positions exerts relatively little influence on phosphorylation kinetics. CaMKIV and CaMKIIα respond differently to substitutions at the −2 and +1 positions. Substitution of Arg at the −2 position with non-basic residues (Gln or Ala) leads to 6-fold decreases inV max/K m for CaMKIV, but 17–28-fold increases for CaMKIIα. Additionally, peptides containing Leu, Asp, or Ala at the +1 position are phosphorylated with similar efficiencies by CaMKIV, whereas the Leu-substituted peptide is preferred by CaMKIIα (by a factor of 5.8–9.7-fold). Thus, CaMKIV and CaMKIIα preferentially phosphorylate substrates with the motifs: Hyd-X-Arg-X-X-Ser*/Thr*, and Hyd-X-Arg-NB-X-Ser*/Thr*-Hyd, respectively, where Hyd represents a hydrophobic, X any, and NB a non-basic amino acid residue. The different specificities of the two kinases may contribute to their targeting to distinct physiological substrates during Ca2+-dependent cellular events.
How does DNA sequence motif discovery work

How can we computationally extract an unknown motif from a set of target sequences? What are the principles behind the major motif discovery algorithms? Which of these should we use, and how do we know we've found a 'real' motif?
Work in progress - socially conscious innovation class

The authors are developing a course on socially conscience innovation. The purpose of the course is to teach students to identify and evaluate opportunities for new and innovative products. The course will be divided into five modules. Each module will begin with the students selecting an academic article read and summarize for the class. The first module will cover foundation topics. The following three modules are focused on an individual area for innovation. For the first offering the areas of concentration are active aging in modern society, the office environment and innovation at the bottom of the economic pyramid. For each area of concentration an academic subject expert will present on a topic on a topic relevant to the area of concentration. Next the class will go visit sites to explore the area of concentration and talk with people who live and or work with the issues involved. After collecting information the students will use a variety of methods to ideate solutions to the problems they discovered. In the last module the students will evaluate the product opportunities they have identified.
Appearance of an independent second arteriovenous malformation 3 years after subtotal resection of a first malformation

Abstract Cerebral arteriovenous malformations are thought to be congenital lesions consisting of artery-to-vein communications without an intervening capillary bed. They have been shown both to increase and to decrease in size and even to disappear spontaneously. We present a case of angiographic appearance of an independent right Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformation 3 years after an incomplete resection of a separate right parietal arterio-venous malformation. Both arteriovenous malformations were subsequently totally resected. We propose that alterations in blood flow after manipulation of the first arteriovenous malformation produced conditions favoring enlargement of a previously unseen cryptic arteriovenous malformation. The appearance of a second arteriovenous malformation in the same patient is unique. Theories of origin and the natural history of arteriovenous malformations are discussed.
Histological and ultrastructural evidence thatd-amphetamine causes degeneration in neostriatum and frontal cortex of rats

Abstract d -Amphetamine sulfate, continuously administered for 3 days subcutaneously via an implanted minipump, induced neural degeneration in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats at doses between 20 and 60 mg/kg/day. Using Fink-Heimer silver staining, axonal degeneration was detected in the neostriatum and the dorsal agranular insular cortex and degenerating pyramidal cells were observed in portions of the somatosensory neocortex in both strains. In contrast, dense axonal degeneration largely confined to layers 2 and 3 of frontal motor areas (Fr1, Fr2 and Fr3 of Zilles36) with occasional degenerating cells was seen reliably in Long-Evans rats but rarely in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the electron microscope, cortical degeneration consisted mainly of disrupted cell bodies and dark processes, including axons making asymmetric synapses. Damage in all cortical areas represents damage to non-monoamine neurons and processes since tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin immunolabeling were normal. In contrast, the damage in neostriatum probably includes damage to dopamine axonal terminals since tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling was patchy with many swollen and distorted labeled axons. Serotonin and Leu-enkephalin labeling were normal. Electron microscopy confirmed that the neostriatum contained many tyrosine hydroxylase-labeled axons that were swollen and disrupted, although other labeled processes made normal symmetric synapses onto spines and dendrites. Additional degeneration found only in amphetamine-treated rats included many dark, shrunken profiles. Some of these appeared to be astrocytic processes and a few were myelinated axons, suggesting that some non-monoamine, possibly cortical afferents, are also degenerating in the neostriatum. Since similar degrees of behavioral activation, weight loss and lethality were seen in both strains, a genetic predisposition constrain amphetamine-induced motor cortex damage but not neostriatal damage.
Microfluidic platforms for size-based cell sorting

We report on the design, fabrication, and test results of a set of microfluidic devices with channels designed to promote fluidic hydrodynamic forces to sort and separate cells based on cell sizes. A set of 14 devices were made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molded from photolithographically patterned SU-8. The spiral fluidic channels with specific numbers of turns, widths, and outer diameters were designed with branches at strategic locations along the length to divert separated particles into collection chambers. A mixture of polystyrene particles of two different diameters (7 and 20 μm) was used as the test solution to determine the sorting efficiencies. Theoretical analyses of the designed performance were based on previously published equations and were found to be within practical agreement. The optimized performance was consistently close to 90% capture and isolation efficiencies from a mixture of up to 1:100,000 of 20-μm-to-7-μm particles at a flow rate of 4.0 mL·min-1.
Relationship of electrodermal lability and reflex sensitivity to differential conditioning

Differential electrodermal (skin potential) conditioning was established in a group of 38 Ss. Two measures of unconditioned electrodermal activity correlated highly with both CS+ and CS− response magnitudes during a seriez of extinction test trials. No relationship was founds, however, between the unconditioned activity measures and differential conditioning.
Estrogen receptor β: the antimechanostat?

Abstract We have known for sometime that sex hormones influence the growth, preservation, and loss of bone tissue in the skeleton. However, we are only beginning to recognize how estrogen influences the responsiveness of the skeleton to exercise. Frost's mechanostat theory proposes that estrogen reduces the mechanical strain required to initiate an osteogenic response, but this may only occur at the endocortical and trabecular bone surfaces. The discovery of estrogen receptors α and β may help us to understand the bone surface-specific effects of exercise. Findings from estrogen receptor knockout mice suggest that the activity of ERα may explain the positive interaction between estrogen and exercise on bone formation near marrow, that is, endocortical and trabecular bone surfaces. Estrogen inhibits the anabolic exercise response at the periosteal surface, and this we propose is due to the activation of ERβ. Signaling through this receptor retards periosteal bone formation and suppresses gains in bone size and bone strength, and for these reasons it behaves as an antimechanostat.
An EPR study of the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV) by fulvic acid

Abstract The reduction potential of a soil-derived fulvic acid (SFA) sample is 0.5 V (vs. NHE). The SFA reduction potentials increase with decreasing pH which means that H+ is consumed when SFA acts as an oxidizing agent. We used this SFA as a reducing agent toward vanadium(V) in an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study. At pH 2 a 10-fold SFA molar excess reduces 50% of a vanadium(V) to a vanadium(IV) species (VO2+) within 15 min, but no additional reduction occurs within 4 h. The semiquinone radical in SFA is not involved in the reduction process because its EPR signal intensity does not decrease and because the amount of radical present could account for only 10% of the observed reduction. In a similar experiment at pH 6, only 4.5% soluble VO2+ is measured by EPR. Most of the VO2+ formed in the experiment forms EPR-inactive (VOOH)22+ and solid VO(OH)2. At pH 2.3 a solution of SFA and vanadium(V) in a 10 1 molar ratio has a reduction potential of 0.57 V (vs. NHE) in agreement with the reduction potential of SFA alone. EPR measurements show that the reduced vanadium product, VO2+, is partially complexed to SFA at pH 2, but predominantly complexed at pH 4 and 6.
Reversal of LTP by theta frequency stimulation

Abstract Reversal of long-term potentiation (LTP) by physiological stimulation was tested in the CA1 field of hippocampal slices. In control medium, a one minute episode of 5 Hz (theta frequency) stimulation beginning 1–3 min after LTP had no effect on the degree of potentiation measured 30 min later. However, in the presence of norepinephrine (200 μM), 5 Hz stimulation reduced LTP by about 30%. Theta frequency stimulation was only effective when administered within 10 min of LTP induction and had no lasting effects of non-potentiated synapses. Stimulation at 1 Hz did not reverse LTP and stimulation at 10 Hz was no more effective than 5 Hz stimulation. LTP could be nearly completely reversed by theta frequency stimulation when potentiation was induced by milder and more naturalistic stimulation patterns. Under these conditions, LTP reversal was blocked by an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors. These results suggest that the hippocampal theta rhythm promotes both the induction of LTP and its subsequent reversal with the latter process involving activation of adenosine receptors. Reversal of LTP may function to refine or sharpen recently encoded representations.
Information retention from PowerPoint ™ and traditional lectures

The benefit of PowerPoint^(TM) is continuously debated, but both supporters and detractors have insufficient empirical evidence. Its use in university lectures has influenced investigations of PowerPoint's effects on student performance (e.g., overall quiz/exam scores) in comparison to lectures based on overhead projectors, traditional lectures (e.g., ''chalk-and-talk''), and online lectures. Thus far, comparisons of overall exam scores have yielded mixed results. The present study decomposes overall quiz scores into auditory, graphic, and alphanumeric scores to reveal new insights into effects of PowerPoint presentations on student performance. Analyses considered retention of lecture information presented to students without the presence of PowerPoint (i.e., traditional lecture), auditory information in the presence of PowerPoint, and visual (i.e., graphic and alphanumeric) information displayed on PowerPoint slides. Data were collected from 62 students via quiz and questionnaire. Students retained 15% less information delivered verbally by the lecturer during PowerPoint presentations, but they preferred PowerPoint presentations over traditional presentations.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 C-Terminal Variants of the Origin Binding Protein (OBP), OBPC-1 and OBPC-2, Cooperatively Regulate Viral DNA Levels In Vitro, and OBPC-2 Affects Mortality in Mice

Two in-frame, C-terminal isoforms of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein (OBP), OBPC-1 and OBPC-2, and a unique C-terminal transcript, UL8.5, are specified by HSV-1 DNA. As the first isoform identified, OBPC-1 was initially assumed to be the product of the UL8.5 transcript. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however, that OBPC-1 is a cathepsin B-mediated cleavage product of OBP, suggesting that OBPC-2 is the product of the UL8.5 transcript. Because both OBPC-1 and -2 contain the majority of the OBP DNA binding domain, we hypothesized that both may be involved in regulating origin-dependent, OBP-mediated viral DNA replication. In this paper, we demonstrate that OBPC-2 is, indeed, the product of the UL8.5 transcript. The translational start site of OBPC-2 was mapped, and a virus (M571A) that does not express this protein efficiently was constructed. Using M571A, we have shown that OBPC-2 is able to bind origin DNA, even though it lacks seven N-terminal amino acid residues of the previously mapped OBP DNA binding domain, resulting in a revision of the limits of the OBP DNA binding domain. Consistent with their proposed roles in regulating viral DNA replication, OBPC-1 and -2 act together to down-regulate viral DNA replication in vitro. During functional studies in vivo, OBPC-2 was identified as a factor that increases mortality in the mouse ocular model of HSV-1 infection.
Modeling of Variable Length Towed and Tethered Cable Systems

An algorithm is presented for modeling the dynamics of towed and tethered cable systems with e xed and varying lengths (specie cally, tethers, towing, reel-in/pay-out cone gurations ). The systems may have one or many open branches, but they must be towed or tethered from a single point. The modeling uses e nite-segment (rigidlink/lumped-parameter ) elements. Cable length changes (reel-in/pay-out ) are modeled by having a link near the towing (or anchoring )vessel change length. Thephysical properties of the cable may change from link to link. The towed bodies may have control surfaces. Effects of e uid drag, lift, and buoyancy are included. Added mass forces and moments are included for the towed bodies but not for the cable itself. An illustrative application is presented for a system with three different pay-out rates. Nomenclature aJ;aK = acceleration of J; K eijk = permutation symbol,
Estimating ad group performance in sponsored search

In modern commercial search engines, the pay-per-click (PPC) advertising model is widely used in sponsored search. The search engines try to deliver ads which can produce greater click yields (the total number of clicks for the list of ads per impression). Therefore, predicting user clicks plays a critical role in sponsored search. The current ad-delivery strategy is a two-step approach which first predicts individual ad CTR for the given query and then selects the ads with higher predicted CTR. However, this strategy is naturally suboptimal and correlation between ads is often ignored under this strategy. The learning problem is focused on predicting individual performance rather than group performance which is the more important measurement. In this paper, we study click yield measurement in sponsored search and focus on the problem---predicting group performance (click yields) in sponsored search. To tackle all challenges in this problem---depth effects, interactive influence, cold start and sparseness of ad textual information---we first investigate several effects and propose a novel framework that could directly predict group performance for lists of ads. Our extensive experiments on a large-scale real-world dataset from a commercial search engine show that we achieve significant improvement by solving the sponsored search problem from the new perspective. Our methods noticeably outperform existing state-of-the-art approaches.
African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): II. Ancestry Differences in Optic Disc, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Macular Structure in Healthy Subjects

Objective To define differences in optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular structure between healthy participants of African (AD) and European descent (ED) using quantitative imaging techniques in the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES). Methods Reliable images were obtained using stereoscopic photography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg retina tomography [HRT]), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for 648 healthy subjects in ADAGES. Findings were compared and adjusted for age, optic disc area, and reference plane height where appropriate. Results The AD participants had significantly greater optic disc area on HRT (2.06 mm 2 ; P 2 ; P P Conclusions Most of the variations in optic nerve morphologic characteristics between the AD and ED groups are due to differences in disc area. However, differences remain in HRT cup depth, OCT macular thickness and volume, and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer thickness independent of these variables. These differences should be considered in the determination of disease status. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00221923
Electrocardiographic data compression using preceding consecutive QRS information

A personal-computer-based electrocardiographic (ECG) noiseless-data compression system has been developed. In addition to using conventional techniques such as a linear predictor and Huffman probability code, the algorithm introduces a new technique to take advantage of the similarity and periodicity of QRS waveforms. The algorithm consists of two cascaded stages. In the first, a linear predictor with three optimal coefficients is used. In the second stage, a portion of the QRS waveform is predicted from previous consecutive QRS complexes to further reduce the bit rate. If no improvement is detected during the second stage, the program automatically employs the first-stage algorithm only. This arrangement ensures the minimum data compression to be equal to that of the conventional technique. A total of nine passages of 15 beats each were processed. Of the total beats, 96% were encoded with both stages of the algorithm and 4% used only the first-stage algorithm. It is concluded that consecutive QRS complexes can predict the subsequent QRS with high accuracy. For noiseless encoding, the average compression ratio was 2.0, and the bit rate was 1015 b/s. >
Effects of Aloe vera on gap junctional intercellular communication and proliferation of human diabetic and nondiabetic skin fibroblasts.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Aloe vera on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and proliferation of human skin fibroblasts in the presence or absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Design: In vitro study using human type II diabetic and nondiabetic skin fibroblast cell lines. Setting and subjects: Diabetic (n = 4) and nondiabetic (n = 4) human skin fibroblast cell lines were purchased from Coriell Institute for Medical Research (Camden, NJ). The cells were cultured with or without Aloe vera extract in increasing concentrations (0%, 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%; v/v) in culture medium and with or without FGF-2 (30 ng/mL). Measurements: GJIC was evaluated after 48-hour incubation with treatments by laser cytometry. Cells were counted after 72-hour incubation with treatments by using a Coulter counter. Results: The rate of GJIC was greater (p < 0.01) for diabetic than for nondiabetic fibroblasts (3.5 ± 0.1 versus 3.0 ± 0.1% per minute during the first 4 minutes afte...
Understanding feminism: considerations for nurses working to end violence against women.

AbstractViolence against women is a pervasive and serious human rights and public health problem worldwide. As interdisciplinary research teams try to address the effects of this health problem of which the effects transcend all women, nurses are at the forefront. Using a feminist philosophy and met
The Predominant Protein-arginine Methyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

We have identified the major enzymatic activity responsible for the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of arginine residues (EC 2.1.1.23) in proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The RMT1 (protein-arginine methyltransferase), formerly ODP1, gene product encodes a 348-residue polypeptide of 39.8 kDa that catalyzes both the NG-mono- and NG, NG-asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in a variety of endogenous yeast polypeptides. A yeast strain in which the chromosomal RMT1 gene was disrupted is viable, but the level of NG,NG-[3H]dimethylarginine residues detected in intact cells incubated with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine is reduced to less than 15% of the levels found in the parent strain, while the NG-[3H]monomethylarginine content is reduced to less than 30%. We show that soluble extract from parent cell, but not from mutant rmt1 cells, catalyzes the in vitro methylation of endogenous polypeptides of 55, 41, 38, 34, and 30 kDa. The hypomethylated form of these five polypeptides, as well as that of several others, can be mono- and asymmetrically dimethylated by incubating the mutant rmt1 extract with a purified, bacterially produced, glutathione S-transferase-RMT1 fusion protein and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine. This glutathione S-transferase-RMT1 fusion protein is also able to methylate a number of mammalian polypeptides including histones, recombinant heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1, cytochrome c, and myoglobin, but cannot methylate myelin basic protein. RMT1 appears to be a yeast homolog of a recently characterized mammalian protein-arginine methyltransferase whose activity may be modulated by mitotic stimulation of cells.
Longitudinal lung function declines among California flavoring manufacturing workers.

Background The California Department of Public Health received serial spirometry data for flavoring manufacturing workers at 20 companies at risk of bronchiolitis obliterans. Methods We graded spirometry quality; identified individual workers with excessive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) using relative longitudinal limits of decline based on 4% average within-person variability; and analyzed declines by occupational risk factors. Results The quality of 1,696 spirometry tests from 724 workers varied by 17 providers, with poorer quality from commercial providers. Of 416 workers with at least two tests, 40 (9.6%) had abnormal FEV1 decline. Of 289 workers with high quality spirometry, 21 (7.3%) had abnormal decline. Only one of the 21 had airways obstruction. Abnormal FEV1 decline rates (per person-month) were greater among workers at companies using ≥800 lbs/year diacetyl than at companies using lesser amounts. Abnormal FEV1 decline rates were greater at companies previously having four-person clusters of spirometric obstruction than at companies with no or only one worker with obstruction. Conclusions Spirometric surveillance of flavoring workers can identify individual workers with an abnormal FEV1 decline for preventive intervention, even when the FEV1 itself remains within the normal range. Good quality spirometry and classification of abnormal with relative longitudinal limit of decline minimize misclassification of possible work-related health effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:657–668, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A role for the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase in nerve growth-induced PC12 cell differentiation.

Abstract SHP-1 and SHP-2 are intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases containing two adjacent src homology 2 domains that target these phosphatases to cell surface receptor signaling complexes and play a role in receptor signal transduction. In this report the PC12 cell system was used to investigate the potential roles of SHP-1 and SHP-2 in the induction of neuronal differentiation by nerve growth factor (NGF). By using neurite outgrowth as a marker for differentiation, the effects of transfected constructs of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were assessed. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive SHP-2, but not a catalytically inactive SHP-1, blocked NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is important for the morphological differentiation in PC12 cells, and both SHP-1 and SHP-2 have been implicated to act upstream of MAPK in other receptor signaling systems. A positive role for SHP-2 but not SHP-1 in the activation of MAPK by NGF was demonstrated by introduction of the SHP-2 phosphatase mutants along with hemagglutinin-tagged MAPK. Coexpression studies with the SHP-2 mutant along with mutant forms of MAPK kinase suggested that SHP-2 functions upstream of MAPK kinase and MAPK in NGF-induced neurite outgrowth.
Avoidance of obstacles with unknown trajectories: locally optimal paths and periodic sensor readings

We consider the problem of moving a mobile robot through a two-dimensional workspace containing obstacles moving on unknown trajectories. The workspace and obstacles are convex polygons, and the robot is a point. We propose to use sensor information to predict the trajectories of the obstacles and in terleave path planning and execution. Sensors are read only at equally spaced intervals of time. We discuss how small this in terval must be to guarantee that the robot will be able to avoid collisions. We also define a locally minimum velocity path as an optimal robot trajectory, given only local information about obstacle trajectories. We prove that our algorithm can ap proximate the locally minimum velocity path to any required accuracy.
Bleeding detection from capsule endoscopy videos

Reviewing medical videos for the presence of disease signs presents a unique problem to the conventional image classification tasks. The learning process based on imbalanced data set is heavily biased and tends to result in low sensitivity. In this article, we present a classification method for finding video frames that contain bleeding lesions. Our method re-balances the training samples by over-sampling the minority class and under-sampling the majority class. An SVM ensemble is then constructed using re-balanced data of three kinds of image features. Five sets of image frames were used in our experiments, each of which contains approximately 55,000 images and the ratio of minority and majority class is about 1:145. Our preliminary results demonstrated superior performance in sensitivity and comparative subjectivity with slight improvement.
Wynkyn de worde's editions of Ipomydon: A reassessment of the evidence

This paper discusses the printed history of the Middle English romance The Lyfe of Ipomydon. First, I present a bibliographical description of the two extant fragmentary copies of the romance, and provide new information concerning the collation and watermarks of the Morgan fragment. Next, in the light of the orthographical relation between the printed texts and their manuscript exemplar, I suggest giving chronological precedence to the Morgan copy in contrast to the views of the Short Title Catalogue. Finally, after providing historical evidence for dating the editio princeps around 1520–1524, I conclude by reconstructing the ownership history of the Morgan copy.
Differential Role for TLR3 in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Chemokine Expression

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young infants worldwide. Previous studies have reported that the induction of interleukin-8/CXCL8 and RANTES/CCL5 correlates with disease severity in humans. The production of these chemokines is elicited by viral replication and is NF-κB dependent. RSV, a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, requires full-length positive-sense RNA for synthesis of new viral RNA. The aim of our studies was to investigate whether active viral replication by RSV could evoke chemokine production through TLR3-mediated signaling pathways. In TLR3-transfected HEK 293 cells, live RSV preferentially activated chemokines in both a time- and dose-dependent manner compared to vector controls. RSV was also shown to upregulate TLR3 in human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells (MRC-5 and A549). Targeting the expression of TLR3 with small interfering RNA decreased synthesis of IP-10/CXCL10 and CCL5 but did not significantly reduce levels of CXCL8. Blocking the expression of the adapter protein MyD88 established a role for MyD88 in CXCL8 production, whereas CCL5 synthesis was found to be MyD88 independent. Production of CCL5 by RSV was induced directly through TLR3 signaling pathways and did not require interferon (IFN) signaling through the IFN-α/β receptor. TLR3 did not affect viral replication, since equivalent viral loads were recovered from RSV-infected cells despite altered TLR3 expression. Taken together, our studies indicate that TLR3 mediates inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in RSV-infected epithelial cells.
Popliteal Venotomy During Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Setting of a Popliteal Artery Bypass Graft

Injury to the vascular structures in the popliteal fossa during arthroscopic cruciate ligament reconstruction can be limb threatening or even life threatening. We present the first report, to our knowledge, of an isolated injury to a popliteal vein during arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Unfortunately, the venotomy led to cardiopulmonary arrest and flash pulmonary edema in this patient. Preoperative planning is paramount to assess risk of injury to vascular structures, which may be increased in patients who have had prior procedures on the affected knee. Furthermore, vascular surgery consultation preoperatively after a magnetic resonance angiogram or venogram and avoiding the use of epinephrine in the arthroscopy fluid should be considered when performing these higher-risk procedures.
Novel concepts in understanding and management of glomerular proteinuria

‘Form follows function’ and ‘time is precious’: these principles are conflated in the glomerular podocyte. They define its function but also the necessity to limit the exposure of podocytes to injurious agents. A number of glomerular disorders that may lead to chronic kidney disease are characterized by simplification and retraction of podocyte foot processes (FP) (effacement). These structural podocyte defects are highly reversible for a certain time and every effort should be undertaken to prevent disease progression and the need for renal replacement therapy, which harbors enormous financial and human costs. Podocytes elaborate a network of processes—major processes and FP, which surround glomerular capillaries. Together with the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes provide the structural basis for glomerular filtration w1x. Although it is generally acknowledged that the GBM can restrict the passage of large plasma proteins, there is increasing evidence that the ultimate barrier for proteins larger than albumin is the slit diaphragm (SD). The past 4 years have been extremely fruitful in providing an extensive amount of information on the molecular composition of the SD, and opened up new avenues to understand podocyte function w2,3x. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have proven effective in ameliorating glomerular proteinuria and slowing of disease progression in proteinuric renal diseases and in diabetic nephropathy in particular w4–8x. In addition, there are novel intriguing experimental data that link the salutary effects of these drugs to changes in the composition of the SD. This comment is focused on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie SD dysfunction and the development of proteinuria.
Effect of holding conditions on the detection of West Nile viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) pools.

Abstract We evaluated the effect of holding temperature and time between mosquito death and processing mosquito pools for virus detection on our ability to detect West Nile (WN) viral RNA from pools of mosquitoes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pools of 24 uninfected Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes were “spiked” with either a single Cx. pipiens that had been inoculated previously with WN virus or with an uninfected mosquito. These pools were held dry at 20, 4, −20, or −70°C for selected time intervals before all mosquito pools were triturated in TRIzol®LS reagent and processed for detection of WN viral RNA. While infectious virus virtually disappeared from pools maintained at 20°C by 48 h after mosquito death, neither holding temperature (20 to −70°C) nor holding period (up to 2 wk) affected detection of WN viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR. These findings suggest that we need not keep mosquitoes chilled to be able to detect WN viral RNA effectively by RT-PCR. This should enhance the ...
CASE 6 - 2016Cardiopulmonary Bypass as a Bridge to Clinical Recovery from Cardiovascular Collapse during Graft Reperfusion in Liver Transplantation

From the *Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and †Liver Transplant Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Address reprint requests to John G.T. Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Dulles 680, HUP 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283. E-mail: yiandoc@hotmail.com © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/2602-0033$36.00/0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2015.08.027
The Consulting Group Model: Benefits and Pitfalls of a Student-Directed Course Format

Graduate students in the University of San Francisco’s Master’s in Public Affairs program enter the program intending to gain something valuable through both praxis and theory to help them sustain careers in the field of politics, non-profit administration and advocacy. In an experiential class format in the summers of 2011 and 2012, they were given the task of organizing themselves into an action team that would promote the agenda of a particular public policy issue of their choosing. The instructor operated as a guide and mentor, but taught under the premise that valuable learning processes would occur organically in the process of group organizing and task assignments. The instructor asserted control or decision-making only where adjustments were needed or reminders about what the group was learning about small-group dynamics.The result of this course experience was two stellar projects developed by the graduate students themselves and considered a success even by outside groups that the students partnered with. Contact and engagement with important communities near the school was made that otherwise wouldn’t have occurred. In addition, by challenging students to think outside a traditional course format, many responded positively with increased effort and innovation. On the other hand, some assessments, such as peer evaluation, ran into difficulty as longstanding personality conflicts played out within the group.By examining best practices in these two case studies, we can visualize new formats of experiential learning courses that more closely aligns with the goals of civic engagement and real-world training. Many programs that share the same goals as this master’s-level program would benefit by adopting some of the course design elements in their own curricula.
Optimizing power consumption in multicore smartphones

This paper addresses the issue of managing power consumption in multicore smartphones via a middleware layer that schedules optimal number of cores for currently running applications taking into account the tradeoff between power consumption, performance and user experience. The paper first describes a simple and accurate method to measure the overall power consumption and then studies the impact of scheduling seven different popular applications over one to four cores on the overall power consumption. Based on this study, the paper proposes three new power-aware scheduling algorithms that dynamically schedule optimal number of cores as well as dynamically adjust the voltage frequency of each online core to achieve the best tradeoff between power consumption, application performance and user experience under the current context. Evaluation from a prototype implementation of the middleware on a quad-core HTC One shows that these algorithms result in significant reduction in power consumption while ensuring good performance and user experience. Holistic view of power management in multi-core smartphones.Tradeoffs between power, performance and user experience.Dynamic scheduling of optimal number of cores and their frequencies.Significant reduction in overall power consumption.
A "RANning" leap with "XPOrt" into TKI resistance.

In this issue of Blood , Khorashad et al[1][1] show that genetic (eg, short hairpin RNA [shRNA]-mediated) or pharmacologic (eg, KPT-330 [selinexor]) inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic protein trafficking restored sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and impaired clonogenic potential of
Pine Seed and Seedling Depredations by Short-Tailed Crickets

Anurogryllus muticus De Geer forage pine seeds and newly germinated seedlings, but they prefer succulent grasses and forbs when available. Populations high enough to cause serious losses are rare, and control measures are not justified.
PROVEST: Provenance-Based Trust Model for Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are often encountered in military network environments where end-to-end connectivity is not guaranteed due to frequent disconnection or delay. This work proposes a provenance-based trust framework, namely PROVEST (PROVEnance-baSed Trust model) that aims to achieve accurate peer-to-peer trust assessment and maximize the delivery of correct messages received by destination nodes while minimizing message delay and communication cost under resource-constrained network environments. Provenance refers to the history of ownership of a valued object or information. We leverage the interdependency between trustworthiness of information source and information itself in PROVEST. PROVEST takes a data-driven approach to reduce resource consumption in the presence of selfish or malicious nodes while estimating a node's trust dynamically in response to changes in the environmental and node conditions. This work adopts a model-based method to evaluate the performance of PROVEST (i.e., trust accuracy and routing performance) using Stochastic Petri Nets. We conduct a comparative performance analysis of PROVEST against existing trust-based and non-trust-based DTN routing protocols to analyze the benefits of PROVEST. We validate PROVEST using a real dataset of DTN mobility traces.
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC): Conceptual and Theoretical Lacunae, Foundational Premises, and Framework

Over the last four decades, several researchers have investigated the concept of integrated marketing communication (IMC). Particularly, in the last decade, IMC as a research area has generated a lot of debate, led to intellectual discourse, and overall, contributed to the evolution of IMC. This is reflected in about 150 research articles, 400 books, three special issues by Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, and Journal of Business Research, and a journal entitled International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications. Furthermore, several universities (e.g., Florida State University, Northwestern University, University of Denver, and West Virginia University) have instituted undergraduate and graduate IMC programs. In fact, 31 universities across the world offer IMC programs (Kerr et al. 2008). However, these developments notwithstanding, IMC remains a controversial and theoretically underdeveloped domain within the marketing literature.
Understanding ICANN's Complexity in a Growing and Changing Internet

Historically, the primary governance of the Internet has been in the hands of the Internet Corporations for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a non-profit corporation appointed by the US government to develop policy for and manage the critical resources of the Internet: Internet Protocol addresses, Domain Names System and parameter numbers. However, because of the immense global influence of the Internet, other national governments and international organizations are seeking to rapidly become involved in this policy-development sphere. In this particularly decisive moment of the Internet, there is a need to understand the structure and processes of ICANN before any further change. This paper studies who participates in ICANN’s decision-making and policy-development processes and how. It first examines in detail the internal structure of the organization, and then its structural and financial evolution since its inception. The study is an in-depth analysis of legal, financial and public documents of ICANN, as well as the information published directly by ICANN’s internal bodies. Although other works have studied specific internal bodies of ICANN, this is the first comprehensive examination of ICANN using ICANN’s founding documents as starting point. The paper reveals the substantial expansion in scale and scope of ICANN’s initial technical mandate. ICANN’s recurring changes allowed it to adapt to growth, evolution and change in the Internet However, the permanent restructuring hinders follow-up by external interested parties that are now requesting more involvement in the policy-development processes.
The constricted ear.

This paper presents the several anatomic features of the anomaly, notes the information available on its frequency, describes criteria for its surgical correction, and analyzes the procedures advocated for its treatment in the light of these principles.
Preparing Residents to Be Effective Teachers: Get an Early Start!

Resident physicians play an essential role as teachers, but time to learn to teach effectively during residency is limited. Targeted education prior to beginning residency may help combat this problem. We successfully implemented a highly rated Effective Clinical Teaching course for graduating medical students that improved confidence in teaching skills.