cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Episodic Learning based Geolocation Detection Framework for Imbalanced Data

A social media user's geographical location is vital to many applications like local search and event detection. The scarcity of publicly available location information motivates researchers to predict user geolocation based on information such as tweet text and social interaction data. In this paper, we investigate and improve on the task of predicting a Twitter user's city-level location based on the content of the user's historical tweets. In order to train a reliable location classifier, previous studies on this topic have typically assumed that there are sufficient amount of users living in each cities. However, they simply ignore the fact that different demographic groups may participate in social media platforms, which results in a highly imbalanced data distribution. Being aware of this population imbalance issue, we propose an episodic learning based framework to extract a single representative for each class (location), so that classifiers can later be trained on a balanced class distribution. To examine the effectiveness of our method, we design experiments which involve two kinds of baselines, the state-of-the-art geolocation detection methods and the well-known approaches handling imbalanced data in classification. The results of experiments on the data collected from Twitter demonstrated the superiority of our method when compared with baselines.
Tools for assessing sea level rise vulnerability

Increasing sea level has the potential to place important infrastructure we rely on every day at risk, yet we lack good data to make decisions on what to do, when, and with what priority. The objectives of the research were to develop a method for estimating the time scales for various increments of sea level rise (SLR) throughout the 21st century, develop an accurate methodology for predicting impacts of SLR at the local level, and develop recommendations as to how existing data sources can be utilized to identify infrastructure vulnerable to SLR. The methodology was applied to southeast Florida using data from the Florida Department of Transportation, the United States Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other sources, integrated with low resolution light detection and ranging data, topographic data, and aerial photographic maps to identify potentially vulnerable infrastructure. Overlaying high resolution light detection and ranging data onto a base map enabled creation of mapping tools to evaluate potentially vulnerable infrastructure. Using these recommendations, a protocol was developed to use groundwater adjusted models in southeast Florida which indicated potential underestimation of the risk of damage to public infrastructure and private and public buildings.
Assessment of Mental Health in Older Adults

Publisher Summary Assessing mental health in the elderly requires attention to a number of factors, including the age and the functional ability of the elder and whether or not the instrument used has adequate reliability and validity for older populations. While elders may be more or less as accurate at reporting symptoms as younger groups, the crucial assessment issue appears to be differentiating among possible sources of the problems. Earlier assessment of the mental health of an elderly person was challenging as several instruments that were developed were for younger populations and did not provide an accurate picture for older populations. The elderly are also less likely to disclose certain types of problems, and thus special techniques are necessary to assess sources of psychological distress, including substance abuse and life events. To understand the position of elders, a sample of their heterogeneity must be assessed. Gerontologists distinguish among age, cohort, and period effects, which have implications for the validity of assessment instruments. In terms of behavioral factors, alcohol and substance abuse, as well as stress, are two of the most important ones. The shortest and simplest self-report of alcohol abuse is the four-item CAGE instrument, which, however, does not appear to be sensitive in older populations.
IV, 2. Feline calicivirus as a model for the study of calicivirus replication

Publisher Summary Caliciviruses (CVs) are small, nonenveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses that infect a broad range of hosts. This chapter discusses the basic features of feline calicivirus (FCV) and its contribution as a model for the study of CV replication. FCV is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. Symptoms of the virus-induced disease include ulceration of the mucosa of the oral cavity and the oropharyngeal area. The disease can also be associated with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The FCV F9 strain was recognized as inducing a broadly reactive antibody response and has been used for vaccination of cats against CV disease for the past few decades. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the mutagenesis of the FCV genome and its applications. The ability to introduce specific mutations into the FCV genome at the cDNA level demonstrated that the majority of proteolytic cleavage sites in the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) nonstructural polyprotein mapped in vitro are essential for a productive virus infection.
Studies of the fatty acid-binding site of rat liver fatty acid-binding protein using fluorescent fatty acids

Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is a 14.3-kDa cytosolic protein which binds long chain free fatty acids (ffa) and is believed to participate in intracellular movement and/or distribution of ffa. In the studies described here fluorescently labeled ffa were used to examine the physical nature of the ffa-binding site on FABP. The fluorescent analogues were 16- and 18-carbon ffa with an anthracene moiety covalently attached at eight different points along the length of the hydrocarbon chain (AOffa). Emission maxima of all FABP-bound AOffa were found to be considerably blue-shifted with respect to emission of phospholipid membrane-bound AOffa, suggesting a high degree of motional constraint for protein-bound ffa. Large fluorescence quantum yields and long excited state life-times indicate that the FABP-binding site for ffa is highly hydrophobic. Analysis of rotational correlation times for the FABP-bound AOffa suggest that the ffa are tightly bound to the protein. Variation of the quantum yield with attachment site suggests that the carboxylic acid group of the fatty acyl chain is located near the aqueous surface of the FABP. The rest of the ffa hydrocarbon chain is buried within the protein in a hydrophobic pocket and is particularly constrained at the midportion of the acyl chain.
Modeling Herds and Their Evolvements from Trajectory Data

A trajectory is the time-stamped path of a moving entity through space. Given a set of trajectories, this paper proposes new conceptual definitions for a spatio-temporal pattern named Herdand four types of herd evolvements: expand, join, shrink,and leavebased on the definition of a related term flock. Herd evolvements are identified through measurements of Precision, Recall,and F-score. A graph-based representation, Herd Interaction Graph, or Herding, for herd evolvements is described and an algorithm to generate the graph is proposed and implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. A data generator to simulate herd movements and their interactions is proposed and implemented as well. The results suggest that herds and their interactions can be effectively modeled through the proposed measurements and the herd interaction graph from trajectory data.
Polarography of Diastereoisomeric N-Nitrosoephedrines

The polarographic reductions of N -nitrosoephedrine ( erythro isomer) and N -nitrosopseudoephedrine ( threo isomer) were examined in the pH range 0.6 to 10. Below pH 3.2, the limiting currents of both compounds are diffusion controlled and identical. In the pH range 3.2 to 8.2, the limiting currents of the diastereoisomers are controlled by diffusion and rate of reaction. At a given pH value in this region, under identical conditions, the limiting current for N -nitrosoephedrine is greater than that for N -nitrosopseudoephedrine. The kinetic currents are catalyzed both by hydrogen ion and general acids. With Delahay′s equation, the heterogeneous rate constants of protonation of the diastereoisomers were calculated. The rate of protonation of N -nitrosoephedrine is greater than that of N -nitrosopseudoephedrine. These relative rates are interpreted in terms of structural considerations. The rate of protonation is greater with that isomer in which there is a lesser degree of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding. Kinetic currents can be used to distinguish between diastereoisomers.
Numerical simulation of a thermodynamically consistent four-species tumor growth model

In this paper, we develop a thermodynamically consistent four-species model of tumor growth on the basis of the continuum theory of mixtures. Unique to this model is the incorporation of nutrient within the mixture as opposed to being modeled with an auxiliary reaction-diffusion equation. The formulation involves systems of highly nonlinear partial differential equations of surface effects through diffuse-interface models. A mixed finite element spatial discretization is developed and implemented to provide numerical results demonstrating the range of solutions this model can produce. A time-stepping algorithm is then presented for this system, which is shown to be first order accurate and energy gradient stable. The results of an array of numerical experiments are presented, which demonstrate a wide range of solutions produced by various choices of model parameters.
Magnetic and thermal properties of theS=12zig-zag spin-chain compoundIn2VO5

Static magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, ac susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$, and specific heat $C$ versus temperature $T$ measurements on polycrystalline samples of ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and $C$ versus $T$ measurements on the isostructural, nonmagnetic compound ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ are reported. A Curie-Weiss fit to the $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ data above $175\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ indicates ferromagnetic exchange between ${\mathrm{V}}^{4+}$ $(S=\frac{1}{2})$ moments. Below $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ data deviate from the Curie-Weiss behavior but there is no signature of any long-range magnetic order down to $1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. There is a cusp at $2.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ data measured in a magnetic field of $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Oe}$ and the ZFC and field-cooled data show a bifurcation below this temperature. The frequency dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac}}(T)$ data indicates that below $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the system is in a spin-glass state. The difference $\ensuremath{\Delta}C$ between the heat capacity of ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ shows a broad anomaly peaked at $130\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The entropy up to $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is more than what is expected for $S=\frac{1}{2}$ moments. The anomaly in $\ensuremath{\Delta}C$ and the extra entropy suggest that there may be a structural change below $130\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$.
High-efficiency quantum dot remote phosphor film.

We report a high-efficiency quantum dot (QD) film for high color gamut edge-lit LCD backlights. On the film’s input surface, an array of asymmetric microprisms is used to preserve the large off-axis angle of the incident blue light. On the exit surface, the retroreflective microprisms retain blue light inside the film. The extended optical path effectively enhances the blue light’s probability to hit QDs and generate downconverted wavelengths. When not using any volume scattering particles, fewer QDs are needed to re-emit higher power green and red light, which helps lower the material cost.
Transients of the photoluminescence from EHD in doped and undoped Ge

The decay characteristics of luminescence from EHD in pure Ge and Ge doped in the range of 1015 cm−3 are reported for 4.2 K and 2 K. These characteristics are found to be in agreement with calculations based on a model which includes multidrop effects and exciton diffusion.
Can filter‐feeding Asian carp invade the Laurentian Great Lakes? A bioenergetic modelling exercise

Summary 1. There is much concern that filter-feeding Asian carp will invade the Laurentian Great Lakes and deplete crucial plankton resources. We developed bioenergetic models, using parameters from Asian carp and other fish species, to explore the possibility that planktonic food resources are insufficient to support the growth of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) in the Great Lakes. 2. The models estimated basic metabolic requirements of silver and bighead carp under various body sizes, swimming speeds and reproductive stages. These requirements were then related to planktonic food resources and environmental temperature to predict when and where silver and bighead carp may survive in the Great Lakes, and how far they may travel. 3. Parameter values for respiration functions were derived experimentally in a coordinated study of silver and bighead carp, while consumption parameters were obtained from the literature on silver carp. Other model parameters lacking for Asian carp, such as those for egestion and excretion, were obtained from the literature on other fish species. 4. We found that full-sized bighead carp required 61.0 kJ d−1 just to maintain their body mass at 20 °C, approximately equivalent to feeding in a region with 255 μg L−1 macrozooplankton (dry) or 10.43 μg L−1 chlorophyll a. Silver carp energy requirements were slightly higher. 5. When applied to various habitats in the Great Lakes, our results suggest that silver and bighead carp will be unable to colonise most open-water regions because of limited plankton availability. However, in some circumstances, carp metabolism at lower temperatures may be low enough to permit positive growth even at very low rations. Positive growth is even more likely in productive embayments and wetlands, and the modelled swimming costs in some of these habitats suggest that carp could travel >1 km d−1 without losing biomass. 6. The simulation (and firmly hypothetical) results from this modelling study suggest when and where Asian carp could become established in the Great Lakes. Given the potential consequences to Great Lakes ecosystems if these filter feeders do prove capable of establishing reproducing populations, efforts to keep Asian carp out of the Great Lakes must not be lessened. However, we do encourage the use of bioenergetic modelling in a holistic approach to assessing the risk of Asian carp invasion in the Great Lakes region.
Use of Human Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein Is Associated With Increased Hospital Charges in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate Having Bone Graft Procedures

Purpose There is wide variation in the timing of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate. The objective of the present study was to examine the timing and hospitalization outcomes of bone grafting procedures in a cohort of 5- to 13-year-old patients with a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate. Materials and Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2004 to 2010 was used. Outcomes examined included complications, disposition status, hospital charges, and length of stay. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between hospital charges and a group of heterogenous patient-level (age, gender, race, comorbid burden, insurance status, and concomitant procedures) and hospital-level variables. Results In total, 3,478 patients underwent bone grafting procedures. Excision of bone for grafting was obtained from pelvic bones in 79.4% of cases. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) was inserted in 1% of all cases. Nearly 99% were discharged routinely. The overall complication rate was 1.5%. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.3 days and the mean hospitalization charge was $23,852 per case. Those who had insertion of rhBMP had an excess of $14,695 compared with those who did not have rhBMP after adjustment for all other variables ( P Conclusions Bone grafting procedures are safe when performed in patients 5 to 13 years old. Insertion of rhBMP was performed in nearly 1% of patients undergoing bone grafting procedures. Use of rhBMP was associated with a considerable increase in hospital charges.
Modeling of the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Elastomers

Abstract The mechanical behavior of elastomers is characterized by rate‐ and temperature‐dependence, and the stress‐strain response is known to be strongly non‐linear. These experimental features are well recognized and important, and have been extensively studied for more than 50 years. The understanding of the micromechanisms controlling the macroscopic mechanical behavior is much more recent, and advanced modeling tools allowing for accurate predictions of arbitrary deformation histories have only started to become available during the last few years. This paper outlines the current state of the art in finite element modeling of elastomers, and exemplifies the predictive capabilities of modern constitutive theories for filled elastomers.
Effect of hypothermia on ventilation in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats: theoretical implications for mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To test if hypothermia, induced by a sustained pentobarbital anesthesia, in rats can reduce ventilatory demands without compromising pulmonary gas-exchange efficiency. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory in a hospital. Subjects: One group of 11 female Sprague Dawley rats. Interventions: The rats were anesthetized with 45 mg/kg pentobarbital, tracheostomized and intubated; their femoral veins and arteries were cannulated. After surgery, anesthesia and fluid balance were maintained (10 mg/kg per h pentobarbital, and 5 ml/kg per h saline, i. v.). Rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored. The respiratory variables and gas-exchange profiles were determined at 38 °C (normothermia), and during stepwise hypothermia at 37, 35, 33, 31 and 29 °C. The arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pH and arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) during hypothermia were corrected at body temperature. Measurements and results: Graded systemic hypothermia, with maintained anesthesia, produced a strong correlation between reduction in the respiratory frequency and rectal temperature (r2 = 0.55; p < 0.0001; n = 66). The minute volume was significantly reduced, starting at 35 °C, without significant changes in the tidal volume (repeated measures of analyses of variance followed by Dunnett multiple comparisons test). No significant changes occurred in the PaCO2, pH, PaO2, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, the calculated arterial oxygen content and estimated alveolar-arterial oxygen difference during mild hypothermia (37–33 °C). The PaO2, however, was significantly reduced below 31 °C. The MAP remained stable at different levels of hypothermia, whereas HR was significantly reduced below 33 °C. Conclusions: Mild hypothermia in rats, induced by a sustained pentobarbital anesthesia, reduces ventilation without compromising arterial oxygenation or acid-base balance, as measured at body temperature. Theoretically, our observations in spontaneously breathing rats imply that a combination of mild hypothermia with anesthesia could be safely utilized to maintain adequate ventilation, using relatively low minute ventilation. We speculate that such a maneuver, if applied during mechanical ventilation, may prevent secondary pulmonary damage by allowing the use of lower ventilator volume-pressure settings.
State Space Implementation of the Algorithm of Mode Isolation

The Algorithm of Mode Isolation (AMI) extracts modal properties from complex frequency response data. Previous work used classic undamped modes as the analytical framework for the algorithm. The present work extends the algorithm to implement damped modal analysis, in which the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are complex. In order to assess how well this reformulation performs when natural frequencies are close and drive point mobilities are low, a prototypical system consisting of a cantilever beam with attached subsystems is introduced. One of these subsystems is selected to be a tuned vibration absorber for the isolated beam, so the system features a combination of modes whose natural frequencies are close and modes whose drive point mobility is low. The time domain response of this system is evaluated, contaminated with substantial white noise, and then FFT processed in order to obtain synthetic complex frequency response data. The performance of AMI is evaluated by comparing extracted values for natural frequency, modal damping ratio, and complex normal mode vectors to the analytical values. The results reveal that the pair of modes having proximite natural frequencies are accurately identified. Natural frequencies and damping ratios for those modes whose drive mobility is low are identified by processing the ensemble of frequency response functions, but identification of normal mode coefficients for such modes remains problematic.
Evidence for the formation of metallic mercury overlayers on Si(111).

A strongly chemisorbed Hg species is observed following the adsorption of Hg on Si(111) at 110 K. This strongly chemisorbed Hg species and subsequently weakly chemisorbed Hg species are observed to be metallic in the photoemission final state as determined by resonant photoemission and the reduction of photovoltaic charging. We postulate that the strongly chemisorbed Hg species on Si(111) is more metallic at dilute coverages than Hg adsorbed on Cu(100).
Research: Characterizing and scheduling communication interactions of parallel and local jobs on networks of workstations

Networks of workstations (NOWS) are cost-effective platforms to perform parallel computation. Usually, a NOW is not dedicated to parallel jobs. Local users may run some applications in their workstations which involve communications as well. This paper examines the effects of communication interactions of parallel and local jobs on a nondedicated NOW. Three representative communication patterns of parallel jobs are considered. A quantitative model to characterize the interactions is proposed. Measurement results on a NOW support the analytical model and indicate that the network interface in the TCP/IP protocol forms a communication bottleneck during interactions because a standard network interface with a single input/output queue is not able to distinguish communication requests from parallel and local jobs. Therefore, small but important communication messages of a parallel job, such as a barrier synchronization, could be easily blocked by a communication request of a local job, which would degrade the performance of the parallel job significantly. A double queue scheme in the network interface is proposed. Using available information from the protocol layer, the scheme is able to distinguish the two types of communication requests and give a higher priority to parallel jobs' communication requests. The simulation results show that the scheme could improve the performance of parallel jobs without significantly affecting the performance of local jobs.
Theory for the anomalous polarization of cosmic OH-18-cm radiation and for hyperfine lasers

Electric polarization of maser medium undergoing simultaneous maser action on number of hyperfine transitions
Infrared and Raman spectra of fluorinated ethanes part XVIII. 1, 1, 1, 2-Tetrafluoroethane

Abstract The infrared absorption spectrum of gaseous CF 3 CFH 2 between 300 and 6000 cm −1 has been obtained with a Perkin-Elmer model 112 double-pass spectrometer equipped with CsBr, NaCl, and LiF prisms. The Raman spectrum of the liquid at −70°C has been photographed with a three-prism glass spectrograph of reciprocal linear dispersion 15 A/mm at 4358A. The vibrational fundamentals are tentatively assigned as follows: Species a ′: 2984, 1464, 1427. 1298, 1103, 972, 843, 665, 549, 408, and 225 cm −1 ; species a ″: 3013, 1182, 665, 539, 352, 225, and 120 cm −1 . The two lowest fundamentals are taken from previous work by Danti and Wood.
THE EVALUATION OF COPRODUCTION PROGRAMS

This article evaluates the benefits and costs of local coproduction of services. Coproduction is understood as active participation beyond the normal requirements of citizenship by individuals or groups in the delivery of municipal services intended to raise the quality and/or amount of their provision. The benefits and costs of coproduction programs are examined in six areas: tax savings, service effectiveness, citizen participation, motivating service-directed behavior, training and coordination arrangements, and service equity.
Public Attitudes About Property Distribution at Death and Intestate Succession Laws in the United States

Intestate succession statutes should reflect the distributive preferences of intestate decedents. To date, these distributive preferences could only be inferred from distributive patterns found in wills. This telephone survey of 750 persons living in Alabama, California, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Texas supplements prior will studies and provides new insights concerning public attitudes about property distribution at death. The distributive preferences of the respondents revealed few significant differences that could be attributed to age, education, income, wealth, or occupational status. Two other important findings of this study suggest that a modern intestacy statute should provide that (1) the surviving spouse inherit the entire estate in preference to the decedent's issue or family of orientation and (2) issue who are in the same generation share equally in the estate.
The Development of a Manufacturable Synthesis of LY213829

The development of a manufacturable synthesis of LY213829 (4-thiazolidinone-5-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] methyl) is described. Rather than reduction to eliminate the thiocarbonyl from the rhodanine moiety, the new route utilizes a novel concurrent ring opening with ammonia and re-cyclization with formaldehyde. This change obviates a potentially problematic zinc solid waste stream.
Influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on biomass allocation and pigment concentrations in leaves and reproductive structures of greenhouse-grown Brassica rapa

We assessed the effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm) on biomass allocation to roots, shoots, leaves and flowers in the annual Brassica rapa. In addition, we investigated how concentrations of chlorophyll and UV-B-absorbing compounds in leaves, ovaries and pollen changed in response to enhanced UV-B. Plants were grown for 38 d in a greenhouse under lampbanks providing daily biologically effective UV-B doses equivalent to those under ambient mid-March stratospheric ozone levels or 16% (‘low-enhanced UV-B’) or 32% (‘high-enhanced UV-B’) ozone depletion levels for Morgantown, WV, USA. Total and aboveground biomass of plants was less under low-enhanced UV-B, but similar to ambient controls under high-enhanced UV-B. Concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds in leaves (area basis) increased under high-enhanced UV-B by about 20%, but were similar to ambient controls under low-enhanced UV-B. More effective protection due to higher screening-compound concentrations in plants under high-enhanced UV-B may explain why biomass production was not reduced. Plants under high-enhanced UV-B also had more reproductive biomass and produced more flowers, and had less root mass, than plants under ambient or low-enhanced UV-B. Concentrations of leaf total chlorophyll were not affected by UV-B treatment. While UV-B treatment had no affect on concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds in ovaries, concentrations in pollen from plants under both enhanced-UV-B treatments were >40% greater than ambient controls.
The healing potential of back massage.

(1) The experience of illness and/or hospitalization often elicits a stress response which may manifest as sleep disturbances, increased heart rate, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anxiety and general discomfort. The diagnosis and treatment of a person's response to illness or other event is key tenet of nursing. The well-established nursing intervention, back rub or back massage, has been utilized as a time-honored comfort measure. This research review summarizes the studies that have evaluated the effect of massage on psychophysiologic outcome measures. Research demonstrates that back massage has the ability to elicit a relaxation response in the majority of study subjects.
A self‐consistent theory of radial transport of field‐aligned current by microturbulence

The radial transport of field‐aligned current resulting from collisionless microturbulence is examined self‐consistently. The self‐consistent treatment of mode coupling is shown to constrain the transport in such a way that the relaxation of current gradients is regulated solely by electrostatic fluctuations that couple to ion dissipation, even in the presence of temperature gradients and temperature anisotropy. As a consequence, the radial flux of parallel current induced by collisionless microinstabilities is insufficient to account for the dynamo in reversed field pinch plasmas.
Dielectric thick films deposition by particle coating method

Abstract A highly stable, water based metal organic BaTiO3 sol yielding pure cubic perovskite structure was developed as a dispersant and binder for BaTiO3 powder coating. Dense, uniform and crack-free BaTiO3 thick films of 2–7 μm were prepared by using the BaTiO3 sol and 0.2 μm X7R based BaTiO3 powders. The film quality and thickness were investigated by optimizing process parameters such as solids concentration and heat treatment. The microstructure was examined by means of AFM. The inorganic BaTiO3 sol filled the pores among the BaTiO3 particles in addition to providing binding action for the BaTiO3 particles as well as promoting adhesion of the film to the substrate. The dielectric measurements demonstrate that the BaTiO3 thick films prepared by the sol-gel/powder coating process have good dielectric properties that are comparable with the data from conventional tape-cast BaTiO3 thin layers.
Cluster extended dynamical mean-field approach and unconventional superconductivity

The extended dynamical mean-field theory has played an important role in the study of quantum phase transitions in heavy-fermion systems. In order to incorporate the physics of unconventional superconductivity, we develop a cluster version of the extended dynamical mean-field theory. In this approach, we show how magnetic order and superconductivity develop as a result of intersite spin-exchange interactions, and analyze in some detail the form of correlation functions. We also discuss the methods that can be used to solve the dynamical equations associated with this approach. Finally, we consider different settings in which our approach can be applied, including the periodic Anderson model for heavy-fermion systems.
Effects of ethanol on membrane lipids III. Quantitative changes in lipid and fatty acid composition of nonpolar and polar lipids of mouse total liver, mitochondria and microsomes following ethanol feeding

The effects of ethanol on the total, nonpolar, and polar lipids of whole liver, mitochondria, and microsomes have been evaluated. Differences in the fatty acid composition of various lipid subclasses have been compared in control and ethanol treated mice. On the whole polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic (20∶4) and docosahexaenoic (22∶6), were found to decrease. The significance of an enzymatic mechanism vs. a peroxidative mechanism to explain the results is discussed. Decreases also were observed in the ratios of arachidonate/linoleate following ethanol feeding. These changes are thought to be associated with decreases in the activity of the chain elongation-desaturation system.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation - A Rare Case of Hypoxia

We present the case of a newborn with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, located in the le�� lower lobe of the lung. The venous side of the malformation was connected to a large common vein, which drained into the le�� atrium between the two le�� pulmonary veins. The diagnosis was based on the echocardiography and angiographic computerized tomography. She underwent le�� pneumonectomy at the age of 28 days. A�� er the surgery, she developed pulmonary hypertension and needed high doses of nitric oxide and cardiac support drugs. Her general condition improved for a few days, but 14 days a�� er surgery, she developed acidosis, severe right ventricular dysfunction, severe pulmonary hypertension, and she died at 48 days of life. We would like to emphasize the importance of a prompt detection and treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, in order to prevent serious clinical consequences.
Thermal effects on chicken and salmon muscles: Tenderness, cook loss, area shrinkage, collagen solubility and microstructure

Abstract The objective of this study was to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying heating-induced tenderness in muscle food products by comparing tenderness changes in chicken breast (Pectoralis major) and salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) during high-temperature treatment. Relationships among changes in chicken breast and pink salmon muscle were investigated for tenderness, cook loss, area shrinkage, collagen solubility and microstructure. Small white muscle samples (D 30 mm×H 6 mm) cut from pink salmon fillets and chicken breast were sealed in small aluminum containers (internal dimension: D 35 mm×H 6 mm) and heated in an oil bath at 121.1 °C for different time intervals up to 2 h to simulate various thermal process durations. The changes in salmon tenderness had 4 phases (rapid toughening, rapid tenderizing, slow toughening and slow tenderizing), while that of the chicken breast only had 2 phases (rapid tenderizing and slow tenderizing). Twenty minutes was found to be a critical heating time in which >85% collagen was solubilized and shear force reached a minimum. Cook loss and area shrinkage were significantly (P
Influence of gas condition and growth time on the growth of a spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube

Spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests that form webs, sheets, and yarns can play an important role in means for advancing various technologies. It is critical to understand the parameters that affect to grow spin-capable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a repeatable fashion. In this paper, we investigated the effects of carrier gases on the catalytic properties of iron (Fe) in the synthesis of CNT forest. We found that helium as carrier gas could effectively activate the Fe catalyst during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, and increase the nucleation density of MWCNTs. Moreover, adding of hydrogen (H2) gas is crucial for the synthesis of high-density MWCNTs. H2 gas can suppress the agglomeration of Fe nanoparticles by Ostwald effect, which is useful for synthesizing high density. At the same time, it is also found that height of the CNT forest really depends on the growth time. A growth time of 5 min can achieve suitable sized nanoparticles with sufficient density to produce CNT forests with a higher areal density and a shorter tube spacing.
Single-centre study of 628 adult, primary kidney transplant recipients showing no unfavourable effect of new-onset diabetes after transplant

To better understand the implications of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), we used our prospectively followed cohort of 628 adult primary kidney transplant recipients to determine the prognostic impact of pretransplant diabetes and NODAT. The study cohort consisted of all participants in four randomised immunosuppression trials performed at our centre since May 2000. For each cause-specific hazard analysed, Cox stepwise regression was used to determine a multivariable model of significant baseline predictors; the multivariable influence of having pretransplant diabetes and NODAT (t) (the latter defined as a zero-one, time-dependent covariate) was subsequently tested. Similar analyses of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 36 and 60 months post transplant were performed using stepwise linear regression. Finally, a repeated measures analysis of mean HbA1c as a function of diabetes category (pretransplant diabetes vs NODAT) and randomised trial (first to fourth) was performed. Median follow-up was 56 months post transplant. Patients with pretransplant diabetes comprised 23.4% (147/628), and 22.5% (108/481) of the remaining patients developed NODAT. Pretransplant diabetes had no prognostic influence on first biopsy-proven acute rejection and death-censored graft failure hazard rates, nor on eGFR, but was associated with significantly higher rates of death with a functioning graft (DWFG) (p = 0.003), DWFG due to a cardiovascular event (p = 0.005) and infection that required hospitalisation (p = 0.03). NODAT (t) had no unfavourable impact on any of these hazard rates nor on eGFR, with actuarial freedom from DWFG remaining at over 90% among patients in pre- and post-NODAT states at 72 months post transplant/NODAT. Mean HbA1c for patients in the first to fourth randomised trials, averaged across diabetes category, decreased by trial (7.28%, 6.92%, 6.87% and 6.64% [56.1, 52.1, 51.6 and 49.1 mmol/mol], respectively; p = 0.02). Less-than-expected post-NODAT risk for graft loss and death may exist in the current climate of tighter glucose monitoring post transplant.
Integral Nuclear Pore Proteins Bind to Pol III-Transcribed Genes and Are Required for Pol III Transcript Processing in C. elegans

Nuclear pores associate with active protein-coding genes in yeast and have been implicated in transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that in addition to transcriptional regulation, key components of C. elegans nuclear pores are required for processing of a subset of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and tRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase (Pol) III. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of NPP-13 and NPP-3, two integral nuclear pore components, and importin-β IMB-1 provides strong evidence that this requirement is direct. All three proteins associate specifically with tRNA and snoRNA genes undergoing Pol III transcription. These pore components bind immediately downstream of the Pol III preinitiation complex but are not required for Pol III recruitment. Instead, NPP-13 is required for cleavage of tRNA and snoRNA precursors into mature RNAs, whereas Pol II transcript processing occurs normally. Our data suggest that integral nuclear pore proteins act to coordinate transcription and processing of Pol III transcripts in C. elegans.
The latitudinal variation of the charge exchange induced atomic hydrogen escape flux

Using plasma data from the Isis 2 spacecraft and Arecibo radar, diffusive equilibrium models of the ionosphere were constructed for equinox conditions. These plasmaspheric models were combined with models of the neutral atmosphere to calculate the atomic hydrogen escape flux due to charge exchange between thermal protons and to calculate cooler hydrogen and oxygen atoms as a function of dipole latitude and local time. These calculations showed that the daytime escape flux increases as the absolute value of the dipole latitude decreases, reaching its maximum value at the magnetic equator. At 15 hours local time (LT) on March 23, 1972, the calculated escape flux varied from an insignificant amount at 55 deg dipole latitude, to 3 x 10 to the 8th atoms/sq cm sec at the magnetic equators.
Can He-3 - He-4 dilution refrigerators operate aboard spacecraft

The possibility of using an He-3 - He-4 dilution refrigerator to provide cooling down to millikelvin-range temperatures for high sensitivity and low noise instruments employed in future space missions is considered. Calculations are presented which demonstrate that electrostriction can be substituted for gravity as a practical means of achieving phase separation, with well defined interfaces in mixing chambers of spacecraft dilution refrigerators. An electric field of the required strength may be created by a potential difference of about 5000 V, across a gap of 0.5 mm.
17O NMR and crystalline hydrates.

Abstract 17O NMR is complementary to 2H NMR for studies of hydrate structure and dynamics in solids, insofar as the quadrupole coupling parameters can be accurately determined. At a Larmor frequency of 34.2 MHz, the effects of a large 17O quadrupole coupling ( e 2 qQ h ≈ 7 MHz ) on both the orientational dependence of the central transition resonance frequency and its observation by cross-polarization are examined in powders and a single crystal of oxalic acid dihydrate. Comparison with the exact energies shows that the variation of the central transition frequency with tensor orientation is accurately described as a second-order perturbation, even when e 2 qQ h and the Larmor frequency are comparable. The combined chemical and quadrupole-induced shifts of the central transition frequency are separated by their distinct transformation properties, and we report the H217O quadrupole coupling tensor in α-oxalic acid dihydrate, which is compared with the hydrogen bonding structure. Excitation of the central transition by cross-polarization is examined in terms of the 17O nutation frequency. Distortions in powder patterns and the loss of lines in single-crystal spectra owing to the orientational dependence of the first-order quadrupole coupling are verified, and simple methods for mitigating the problem in single-crystal and powder experiments are presented.
Site- and sex-related differences in adrenoreceptor status of human adipose tissue.

At equal degrees of absolute adiposity, the risk of associated morbidities such as hypertension, stroke, and ischemic heart disease is greater in individuals with predominantly abdominal as opposed to gluteal fat deposits (high waist to hip circumference ratio). We studied the in vitro status of adrenergic receptors controlling lipolysis (β1) and antilipolysis (α2) in small fragments of adipose tissue from abdominal and gluteal sc depots of six obese women and six obese men. Lipolysis rate was measured by a double isotope technique which detects changes in the specific activity of fatty acids esterified to newly synthesized triglycerides. The lipolytic response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was significantly greater in abdominal compared to gluteal adipose tissue in both sexes. There was, however, no significant sex-related difference in response to isoproterenol within sites. When tissue from both sites was exposed to the mixed α/β-adrenergic agonist norepinephrine there was a significantly g...
Nutritional Assessment of the Oral Cavity

The oral cavity reflects the general state of health of the patient. A thorough examination of the oral cavity will provide clinicians with information important to assessment of the patient. Through this exam, clinicians can diagnose specific oral diseases and relevant vitamin and mineral deficiencies or toxicities. This article reviews the appropriate procedures for examination of the mouth, tongue, teeth, and gums and discusses various abnormalities and their potential etiologies. It includes case examples illustrative of patients who might present to a primary care practice.
The Effects of Live Accompaniment, Intelligent Digital Accompaniment, and No Accompaniment on Musicians' Performance Quality.

This study is an investigation of differences in performance-quality ratings among college-age instrumentalists grouped in three solo preparation conditions using (a) no accompaniment, (b) live accompaniment, or (c) intelligent digital accompaniment. After a 6-week practice period, participants performed an intermediate level solo on a secondary wind instrument in two conditions: (1) without accompaniment, and (2) within prescribed accompaniment mode. Data from the first (unaccompanied) and second (assigned accompaniment mode) performance ratings were compared. Highest ratings across all groups in both performances were achieved in Rhythm, Technique, and Articulation. Lowest ratings were shown in Intonation, Tone Quality, and Interpretation. The second performance ratings declined in the Accompaniment groups but rose for the No Accompaniment group. Groups demonstrated different performance outcomes in each of six category ratings with Rhythm being the highest rated category among all groups. Different eff...
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C: comparative virologic response rates among the different interferons.

Abstract End-treatment and sustained virologic response rates are similar in large, comparative controlled trials which have compared the standard dosing regimens of interferon alpha-2b to interferon alpha-n1 and consensus interferon, as well as to virologic response rates recently reported with interferon alpha-2b monotherapy for 24 weeks. For patients who have responded and relapsed after an initial course of alpha interferon, retreatment with consensus interferon for 48 weeks demonstrates a high sustained virologic response rate, similar to that reported with interferon alpha-2b combined with ribavirin for 24 weeks. Based on available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, pegylation of interferon alpha-2a shows promise in demonstrating high sustained serum levels and 2′,5′ OAS activity. Preliminary data from a Phase II clinical trial of a 48-week treatment in naive patients demonstrates end-treatment and sustained virologic response rates similar to that seen with interferon alpha-2b combined with ribavirin for 48 weeks.
Indeterminates and Incidence Matrices

We let $$ X = \left\{ {{x_1}, \ldots, {x_n}} \right\} $$ (1.1) denote a non-empty set of n elements. We call such a set an n-set. We let $$ {X_1}, \cdots, {X_m} $$ (1.2) denote m not necessarily distinct subsets of X. We refer to this collection of subsets of X as a configuration and remark that configurations occur in great profusion throughout the combinatorial literature.
Fast-response magnetic amplifiers

AMPLIFIERS for use in automatic control systems should feature high gain, high-power output, and fast response along with light weight and reliable operation. In electrical systems magnetic amplifiers are gaining favor because of their rugged construction, but until recently the response time of magnetic amplifiers has been relatively unsatisfactory for small servo systems. Amplifiers are often characterized by a time constant, but for carrier devices the number of cycles for 100 per cent response is sometimes a preferable characterization. In an elementary carrier type amplifier 100 per cent response can be obtained in 1/2 to 3/2 cycles depending on the time within the cycle at which the input change is applied. Gas tubes, for instance, achieve this result. This general behavior is often spoken of as single-cycle or half-cycle response. In this paper fast-response magnetic amplifiers are considered to be those which respond fully to an input change within 2 cycles of the carrier frequency.