cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of water of hydration fractions in rabbit skeletal muscle with age and time of post‐mortem by centrifugal dehydration force and rehydration methods

Centrifugal dehydration force (CDF) and rehydration isotherm (RHI) methods were used to measure and characterize hydration fractions in rabbit psoas skeletal muscle. The CDF method assessed fluid flow rate from rabbit muscle and hydration capacity of the fractions. Bulk and multiple non-bulk water fractions were identified. The non-bulk water was divisible into the following fractions: two outer non-bulk fractions, a main chain proteins backbone or double water bridge fraction, and a single water bridge fraction. The total non-bulk water amounts to about 85% of the total water in the muscle. The sizes of the water fractions (in g water/g dry mass) agree with a recently proposed molecular stoichiometric hydration model (SHM) applicable to all proteins in and out of cells (Fullerton GD, Cameron IL. Water compartments in cells. Methods Enzymol, 2007; Cameron IL, Fullerton GD. Interfacial water compartments on tendon/collagen and in cells. In: Pollack GH, Chin WC, editors. Phase transitions in cells. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2008). Age of the rabbit significantly slowed the flow rate of the outer non-bulk water fraction by about 50%. Also, muscle of the older rabbit (26 weeks vs. 12 weeks old) had less bulk water and less outer non-bulk water but the same amount of main chain backbone water compared to muscle of the younger rabbit. Increase in time post-mortem from 30 min to 4 h resulted in rigor mortis and a significantly slower flow rate of water from the outer non-bulk water fraction, which is attributed to muscle contraction, increased packing of contractile elements and increased obstructions to flow of fluid from the muscle fibers.
Demography of Soybean Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) at Summer Temperatures

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is now widely established in soybean, Glycine max L., production areas of the northern United States and southern Canada and is becoming an important economic pest. Temperature effect on soybean aphid fecundity and survivorship is not well understood. We determined the optimal temperature for soybean aphid growth and reproduction on soybean under controlled conditions. We constructed life tables for soybean aphid at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C with a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Population growth rates were greatest at 25°C. As temperature increased, net fecundity, gross fecundity, generation time, and life expectancy decreased. The prereproductive period did not differ between 20 and 30°C; however, at 30°C aphids required more degree-days (base 8.6°C) to develop. Nymphs exposed to 35°C did not complete development, and all individuals died within 11 d. Reproductive periods were significantly different at all temperatures, with aphids reproducing longer and producing more progeny at 20 and 25°C than at 30 or 35°C. Using a modification of the nonlinear Logan model, we estimated upper and optimal developmental thresholds to be 34.9 and 27.8°C, respectively. At 25°C, aphid populations doubled in 1.5 d; at 20 and 30°C, populations doubled in 1.9 d.
Base-Displaced Intercalated Structure of the Food Mutagen 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in the Recognition Sequence of the NarI Restriction Enzyme, a Hotspot for −2 bp Deletions

The solution structure of the oligodeoxynucleotide 5‘-d(CTCGGCXCCATC)-3‘·5‘-d(GATGGCGCCGAG)-3‘ containing the heterocyclic amine 8-[(3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-yl)amino]-2‘-deoxyguanosine adduct (IQ) at the third guanine in the NarI restriction sequence, a hot spot for −2 bp frameshifts, is reported. Molecular dynamics calculations restrained by distances derived from 24 1H NOEs between IQ and DNA, and torsion angles derived from 3J couplings, yielded ensembles of structures in which the adducted guanine was displaced into the major groove with its glycosyl torsion angle in the syn conformation. One proton of its exocyclic amine was approximately 2.8 A from an oxygen of the 5‘ phosphodiester linkage, suggesting formation of a hydrogen bond. The carcinogen-guanine linkage was defined by torsion angles α‘ [N9−C8−N(IQ)−C2(IQ)] of 159 ± 7° and β‘ [C8−N(IQ)−C2(IQ)−N3(IQ)] of −23 ± 8°. The complementary cytosine was also displaced into the major groove. This allowed IQ to intercalate between the flank...
Pigment Epithelium Proliferation in Retinal Detachment (Massive Periretinal Proliferation)

Cell proliferation and membrane formation found in the posterior parts of the eye after production of retinal detachment in owl monkey eyes had either the characteristics of macrophages or of membrane-forming epithelial cells. The proliferating cells originated from pigment epithelium. These membranes caused folding of the retina and strand formation in the vitreous cavity. Since cell proliferation was present on all available surfaces, such as the upper and under surface of the retina, and along vitreous surfaces, we propose to call this entity "massive periretinal proliferation" (MPP).
A Simple Course Evaluation Scale

(1953). A Simple Course Evaluation Scale. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 145-153.
Numerical Modeling of Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in a Rapidly Rotating Spherical Shell

In this paper we describe a numerical model for investigating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convective flow of a Boussinesq fluid in a rapidly rotating spherical shell, driven by the buoyancy forces arising from incoming buoyant flux at the inner core boundary. The model is designed to investigate the generation of magnetic field in the Earth's fluid outer core. Our model differs from that of G. A. Glatzmaier and P. H. Roberts, who have recently investigated this problem, in several aspects. We apply a different physical approximation in the force balance of the system: instead of viscous stress, we use an axisymmetric inertial force to balance the axial magnetic torque arising from the Lorentz force; we use a mixed spectral?finite difference algorithm for better parallelization of the code; and apply different boundary conditions. We describe our numerical model in detail, and we test it by examining purely thermal convection in a rapidly rotating fluid shell and by examining Kumar?Roberts kinematic dynamos (modified for the spherical shell). Our results agree well with those of the previous studies. We also present a weak-field dynamo solution in a very simplified system and strong-field dynamo solutions in a more realistic system.
Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure Response of Radiosondes at Low Temperatures

Abstract The response of radiosondes to an instantaneous change of environment was studied by taking the instruments from a warm building into the cold environment at South Pole Station. After being initialized inside, the radiosondes were carried outside and placed on the snow surface, where they were left until they reported stable values of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. Three models of radiosondes were tested: Vaisala RS80, Atmospheric Instrumentation Research (AIR) 4A, and AIR 5A. The reported temperature equilibrated to the outside conditions within 30 s. However, it frequently took 30 min before the relative humidity outside was accurately reported. Additionally, the reported pressure rose by several hectopascals over a 5-min period when the sonde was taken outside. In the RS80s this bias was as large as 10 hPa, and disappeared in about 30 min. In the AIR sondes, the maximum pressure bias was never much over 2 hPa, but seemed not to diminish with time. The RS80s were also tested to s...
Wireless multiple access surface acoustic wave coded sensor system

A novel wireless sensor and identification system based on passive surface acoustic wave devices is reported. Quasi-orthogonal codes, which allow for multiple access capability, were implemented using a differential delay line scheme on miniaturised passive sensor units. A transceiver interrogation system combining analogue and digital circuitry has been designed and assembled to investigate the wireless devices' performance. Experimental results with 31-chip-long codes verified the expected theoretical response of the prototype wireless device to interrogation with the matching coded sequence. The system, which enables concurrent wireless access to multiple passive devices, creates new possibilities for physical, chemical or biological sensor applications.
Understanding sexual harassment in the workplace: The influence of power and politics within the dyadic interaction of harasser and target

Abstract This article presents a framework that systematically describes the behavior of both sexual harassers and their targets within the context of power and politics in a dyadic relationship. The proposed framework explains the type of sexual harassment that will be exhibited within the dyad of harasser and target, and also explains the response of the target to the harasser. Testable propositions are derived that should serve as an impetus for future research, and implications of the proposed conceptual framework are discussed.
Acculturation and Psychological Functioning in Asian Indian Adolescents

The objective of this exploratory study was to understand how Asian Indian immigrant families adjust to U.S. culture by examining factors that influence acculturation preferences or styles and how these styles may be associated with their children’s psychological functioning, as measured by self-esteem and academic performance. 85 U.S.-born Asian Indian adolescents (45 girls; 40 boys) and one of their immigrant parents completed questionnaires about family demography, self-identification, acculturation, and religiosity. Adolescents also completed a self-perception profile. Results showed parents and adolescents had similar styles of acculturation. However, adolescents were more likely to self-identify as ‘Indian-American’ than were their parents. For both adolescents and their parents, integrated and assimilated acculturation styles were related to family SES, years of U.S. residence, and religiosity scores. Adolescents who had an integrated acculturation style had higher GPAs and higher scores on the self-perception profile than did adolescents who were separated or marginalized. The findings lend tentative support for an integrated style of acculturation in promoting positive outcomes for first generation Asian Indian adolescents.
Teacher Leadership: An Assessment Framework for an Emerging Area of Professional Practice

This paper examines various definitions and frameworks that have been used to justify the emergence of a new category for the teacher professional: teacher leader. The emergence of this new professional category may lead to greater retention levels, and improved knowledge management and transfer within the teaching profession. Various key dimensions of this profession are examined, allowing us to highlight some key personal skills that would appear requisite for the teacher leader. An agenda for developing and validating assessments of teacher leadership is then proposed. It is argued that these assessments have the potential of legitimizing research within this field, as well as providing the opportunity to better understand what it takes to become a successful professional in this new domain of teaching practice.
Retention in Methadone Maintenance Is Associated with Reductions in Different HIV Risk Behaviors for Women and Men

Using AIDS Initial Assessment questionnaire (AIA) data from 353 injection drug users (IDUs) newly admitted to methadone maintenance (MM), three dimensions of injection risk behavior (“sharing with sexual partner,” “sharing with others,” and “new needle use”) were identified. Among IDUs who continued to inject drugs at 1 year, men retained in treatment obtained lower scores on the “sharing with others” scale than men not retained, even when controlling for initial scale scores and injection frequency. Associations between retention in MM and changes in sexual risk were examined using two AIA measures of sexual risk behavior (“number of IDU sexual partners” and “relative frequency of unprotected vaginal intercourse”). Controlling for injection frequency, prior sexual risk, and age, there was no difference in sexual risk for men retained in treatment versus those not retained. Among women, those who stayed in MM for 1 year reported significantly fewer IDU partners.
Derivation of machine tool error models and error compensation procedure for three axes vertical machining center using rigid body kinematics

Abstract Volumetric positional accuracy constitutes a large portion of the total machine tool error during machining. In order to improve machine tool accuracy cost-effectively, machine tool geometric errors as well as thermally induced errors have to be characterized and predicted for error compensation. This paper presents the development of kinematic error models accounting for geometric and thermal errors in the Vertical Machining Center (VMC). The machine tool investigated is a Cincinnati Milacron Sabre 750 3 axes CNC Vertical Machining Center with open architecture controller. Using Rigid Body Kinematics and small angle approximation of the errors, each slide of the three axes vertical machining center is modeled using homogeneous coordinate transformation. By synthesizing the machine's parametric errors such as linear positioning errors, roll, pitch and yaw etc., an expression for the volumetric errors in the multi-axis machine tool is developed. The developed mathematical model is used to calculate and predict the resultant error vector at the tool–workpiece interface for error compensation.
Performance of Endangered Bonytails Fed Four Commercial Diets

Abstract The bonytail Gila elegans is a critically endangered cyprinid that is endemic to the southwestern United States, where it is cultured in ponds and water reuse systems as part of recovery efforts. Unlike in extensive outdoor pond culture, where natural food productivity plays a primary nutritional role, manufactured feed must provide complete nourishment for fish reared indoors in recirculating systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of diet on the growth and survival of juvenile bonytails fed four commercially available feeds over a 120-d period. The four treatment diets were identified as a catfish diet, a trout diet, a high-protein shrimp diet, and a low-protein shrimp diet. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in growth among treatments were observed on sampling day 102. By day 120, the average weight of fish fed the high-protein shrimp diet (36.3 g) was significantly higher than the weights of fish fed the catfish (26.6 g), trout (24.7 g), and low-protein shrimp diets ...
Trafficking in women for prostitution in Israel: a follow-up analysis

Abstract: Israel has been criticized by the UN, USA, and international organizations for turning a “blind eye'’ to human trafficking within its borders. In response, the Parliamentary Committee of ...
Studies of polymer mobility in composite blends of poly(vinyl butyral) and alumina

Solid-state NMR and thermal analysis techniques were used to compare the mobility of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) in the presence and absence of both alumina filler particles and plasticizer. The relative mobility of main-chain and side-chain carbons increases in the presence of both plasticizer and alumina as seen from an increase in the average cross-polarization rates, 〈TCH〉, and from a general decrease in the rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation rates, CT1ρ. Unlike the main-chain carbons, inversion recovery cross-polarization (IRCP) data on solution cast composites show that the side-chain methyl groups in neat PVB samples are best characterized by a monoexponential cross-polarization model. However, in the presence of alumina, a fraction of the methyl groups becomes less mobile as indicated by the biexponential IRCP behavior. Polymer phase mobility also increases below the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) as seen from decreasing transition temperatures using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This is accompanied by an increase in the rigidity of a portion of the polymer phase above the CPVC as indicated by an increase in the apparent Tg, along with an increase in the mobility of another portion as indicated by the appearance of a low-temperature DMA transition. These trends are consistent with an increase in polymer chain packing heterogeneity in the presence of alumina. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy performance of solar walls: A computer analysis

Abstract This paper illustrates how the computer model for the Dynamic Energy Response Of Buildings (DEROB) can be used successfully to model the performance of passive solar systems when integrated into a specific structure, and it also suggests possible variations of the Trombe-Michael wall for its adaptation in climates like the one in Central Texas. DEROB is a fully dynamic research program that has been in operation since 1973 and it includes full thermal coupling among the constituent rooms of a building as well as a spectroscopic analysis of glass. This capability permits the direct use of the program for the analysis of solar walls by treating the space between the glass and the absorbing surface as a chamber thermally coupled to the occupied space via the heat storage “chamber” in the wall and operable air ducts. Various wall configurations are analyzed and classified according to their net annual performance.
Literary intertextuality in genre-based pedagogies: Building lexical cohesion in fifth-grade L2 writing

Abstract Literary narrative is a highly privileged genre in subject English classrooms in school and university contexts. This article investigates how an explicit instructional focus on the language in this literary genre supported language minority students in developing advanced academic literacy. Through a systemic functional linguistics and ethnographic analytic framework, the study explores how an urban school teacher's genre-based pedagogy in literature, implemented with the support of a professional development initiative, afforded her 5th grade students with a meta linguistic awareness of how to use an expanded repertoire of linguistic choices in their genre writing. An SFL analysis of students’ texts over the course of five months reveals how the teacher's explicit focus on intertextuality encouraged her language minority students to borrow and play with lexical patterns, such as repetition, taxonomic categorization, and synonymy from children's literature, to build the genre sequences in their narratives and other academic writing. The concluding section of the paper discusses possible implications, including the importance of an explicit instructional focus on literature as an intertextual resource in teaching writing.
Silicon carbide fiber-mediated stable transformation of plant cells.

Maize (Zea mays, cv ‘Black Mexican Sweet’) (BMS) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, cv ‘Xanthi’) tissue cultures were transformed using silicon carbide fibers to deliver DNA into suspension culture cells. DNA delivery was mediated by vortexing cells in the presence of silicon carbide fibers and plasmid DNA. Maize cells were treated with a plasmid carrying both the BAR gene, whose product confers resistance to the herbicide BASTA, and a gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS). Tobacco cells were treated with two plasmids to co-transfer genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) and GUS from the respective plasmids. Thirty-four BASTA-resistant BMS colonies and 23 kanamycin-resistant tobacco colonies recovered following selection contained intact copies of the BAR gene and NPTII genes, respectively, as determined by Southern blot analysis. Sixty-five percent of the resistant BMS colonies and 50% of the resistant tobacco colonies also expressed GUS activity. Intact copies of the GUS gene were observed in Southern blots of all resistant BMS and tobacco colonies that expressed GUS activity. These results indicate that a simple, inexpensive DNA delivery procedure employing silicon carbide fibers can be used to reproducibly transform cells of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species. Mention of a trademark, vendor, or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the University of Minnesota or the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable
Latent transforming growth factor-β is present in the extracellular matrix of embryonic hearts in situ

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an important regulator of development. In vitro, TGF-beta is secreted in a latent, inactive form and can be activated by pH extremes, chaotropic agents, or cell-surface proteases. However, there is little evidence for the existence of latent TGF-beta in vivo. In this study, we determined whether (1) cultured embryonic cardiac segments secrete latent or active TGF-beta, (2) binding of TGF-beta antibody to TGF-beta was conformation-dependent (i.e., active vs. latent), and (3) immunostaining of embryonic hearts changed after exposure to activating conditions. Only latent TGF-beta 3 (acid activatable) was detected in conditioned medium of stage 14-16 chick cardiac segments as measured by a growth inhibition bioassay. No growth-inhibitory activity was present in nonacidified control medium. When blotted onto a membrane, only transiently acidified conditioned medium bound TGF-beta antibody. These data showed that cardiac segments secrete latent TGF-beta which binds with antibody if activated. To determine if antibody binding to tissue sections required exposure to TGF-beta-activating conditions, stage 14-16 embryos were fixed and sectioned under conditions that maximally retained extracellular matrix (ECM). Under these conditions, immunostaining was found in the myocardium but not in the endocardium or cardiac ECM. Limited immunostaining was found in other areas of the embryo and was always cell-associated. In addition to the above staining, when tissue sections were exposed to TGF-beta activating conditions, immunopositive staining was present within most of the embryonic ECM including the cardiac ECM. All immunostaining was blocked by preabsorption with TGF-beta 3 protein. These data suggest that active TGF-beta has a very limited distribution while latent TGF-beta is more abundant in embryonic ECM. Therefore, in vivo activation of TGF-beta may play an important role in mediating the expression of TGF-beta function during development.
The dynamic effects of internal robots on Space Station Freedom

Many of the planned experiments of the Space Station Freedom (SSF) will require acceleration levels to be no greater than microgravity (10 exp -6 g) levels for long periods of time. Studies have demonstrated that without adequate control, routine operations may cause disturbances which are large enough to affect on-board experiments. One way to both minimize disturbances and make the SSF more autonomous is to utilize robots instead of astronauts for some operations. The present study addresses the feasibility of using robots for microgravity manipulation. Two methods for minimizing the dynamic disturbances resulting from the robot motions are evaluated. The first method is to use a robot with kinematic redundancy (redundant links). The second method involves the use of a vibration isolation device between the robot and the SSF laboratory module. The results from these methods are presented along with simulations of robots without disturbance control.
Predation on artificial bird nests in chaparral fragments

The predation rate of artificial bird nests was measured in disturbed chaparral habitat fragments and at an unfragmented site in coastal San Diego County, California USA. Local extinctions of chaparral birds has been previously shown to occur in these fragments. The predation rate was highest at the unfragmented site. Among fragments, predation was higher at moderately disturbed than at highly disturbed sites. These results suggest that nest predator species diversity or density is reduced in disturbed chaparral fragments. Nest predation is probably not the most important cause of the observed loss of chaparral breeding bird diversity in these fragments.
Dissociation of water on Ti-decorated fullerene clusters

Spin-polarized density functional theory calculations have been applied to investigate water dissociation catalyzed by Ti adsorbed on icosahedral C20, C60 and C80 fullerene clusters, in order to elucidate the roles that cluster size and Ti-cluster interaction play in the proposed hydrogen generation reaction. We find that two water molecules can be dissociated consecutively by overcoming moderate energy barriers of a few tenths of eV, accompanied by the generation of a H2 molecule for all three clusters. Depending on the cluster size, the fullerene clusters may participate directly in water splitting or indirectly through stereochemical control of the Ti adsorption sites. Our results suggest that fullerene clusters can serve as a flexible platform for rational design of nanostructured catalysts for hydrogen generation.
Salinity variation in interstitial water of sand at Kames Bay, Millport, with reference to the distribution of Nereis diversicolor

The sheltered beach of Kames Bay, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland has been the scene of several important studies on intertidal zonation (Stephen, 1929; Elmhirst, 1931; Watkin, 1942). The last paper is most comprehensive and records in detail the zonation of over twenty species of animals. In the course of the present study I have found Watkin's account very accurate, but incomplete in respect to salinity variation in the interstitial water of the sands. My attention was initially directed to Kames Bay in a search for a population of Nereis diversicolor O. F. Muller inhabitating an essentially ‘marine’ environment in respect to salinity. The suitability of Kames Bay was suggested by a statement of Watkin (1942, p. 558):
The presence of an M4 subtype muscarinic receptor in the bovine adrenal medulla revealed by mRNA and receptor binding analyses.

Abstract The muscarinic receptor subtype present in the bovine adrenal medulla was characterized. Hybridization of RNA to highly specific m 1 –m 5 muscarinic receptor cDNA probes detected the presence of only m 4 subtype mRNA in this tissue. Muscarinic receptor binding studies using the non-selective ligand [ 3 H]N-methyl-scopolamine showed a single class of binding sites with a maximum density of 19.8 fmol/mg protein and a dissociation constant (K D ) of 220 pM in the adrenal medulla, while the M 1 selective ligand [ 3 H]telenzepine did not bind detectably. Competition of specific antagonists with [ 3 H]N-methyl-scopolamine for binding to the membranes produced a rank order of potencies with a profile that fitted either the cloned m 3 or m 4 receptor. In further comparative studies, the adrenal gland of the rat showed the presence of m 4 subtype mRNA in addition to the m 3 subtype.
Relations among statistical methods for assuring confidentiality of social research data

Abstract Two statistical methods have been proposed for ameliorating the problem of respondent embarassment in surveys which involve sensitive questions. These methods are directly related to a third device developed to assure that responses are confidential in a particular sense, i.e., they permit only a stochastic link between respondent's identification and response. The purposes of this paper are to examine conditions under which the methods are equivalent, to relate all methods to familiar concepts of misclassification error, and to argue that one of the more important benefits of these methods is protecting the researcher's records from subpoena.
New Laser Techniques for Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

A novel spectroscopic tool is presented for measuring the incoherent resonance decay (IRD) of selectively (6 MHz) prepared electronic states. The method utilizes electro-optic switching of a single laser mode that is on or off resonance with respect to the homogeneous molecular packets in the excited ensemble. The technique is applied to a variety of systems: gases at low and high pressures, molecular beams, and solids at low temperatures. The coherent transient of solids observed in the forward direction of the laser gives the phase memory (optical T2 processes) while the IRD measures directly the radiative and radiationless decay (optical T1 processes), and the optical transition moment between the ground state and the prepared electronic state. The theory of coherent and incoherent states is also given, and related to the different aspects of time-resolved spectroscopy of molecular beams and solids.
Precise Electroweak Measurements at the Z0 Pole

Over the last decade, precise LEP and SLC measurements of electroweak coupling parameters at the Z0 pole have lead to tests of the Standard Model to unprecedented precision. This report presents a comprehensive review of these studies, including a review of relevant Z0 pole physics issues, facilities, instrumentation, and the measurements made. Global fits for the Higgs Boson mass and Z0-b coupling parameters are also presented.
Benefit of cardiac N-13 PET CFR for combined anatomical and functional diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease: a pilot study

Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) can lead to flow impairment quantification using PET coronary flow reserve (CFRp: ratio of stress flow to rest flow) and is superior to the current standard, single-photon emission computed tomography. In this study, our first aim was to assess the benefit of CFRp in place of invasive CFR (CFRi) by comparing the correlations of each of the indices with combined pressure and flow index CDP, and combined functional (pressure-flow) and anatomical (%area stenosis, %AS) index, LFC. The second aim was to test the correlation between CFRp and CFRi. N-13 ammonia PET scans were performed and CFRp was obtained using a 1-compartment 2K-dynamic volume (DV)-constant kinetic model in Flowquant. During catheterization, simultaneous pressure and flow readings were obtained in 10 vessels (three vessels in one patient, one vessel each in 7 patients) using a dual sensor tipped Combowire, and CFRi, CDP, LFC, and FFR were computed. %AS was obtained using quantitative coronary angiography. CDP was correlated with invasive pressure index (FFR) and CFRp and with FFR and CFRi. LFC was correlated with the %AS, FFR, and CFRp/CFRi, individually and in combination. Correlation analysis was done in SAS; p < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. The correlations between CDP vs FFR and CFRp (r = 0.62, p = 0.19) in combination, as well as CDP vs FFR and CFRi in combination (r = 0.58, p = 0.24) remained similar. The correlation between LFC vs FFR, CFRp and %AS in combination improved (r = 0.82) with a near-significant p = 0.06, in comparison to the correlation between LFC vs FFR, CFRi and %AS in combination (r = 0.75, p = 0.15). CFRp correlated strongly and significantly (r = 0.82, p = 0.003) with CFRi, and the values were within 11 %. The novelty of the PET procedure in this study is that the noninvasive CFRp can be used instead of invasive CFRi for the functional diagnosis of CAD. Therefore, a PET scan can reduce procedure time and cost while simplifying the diagnostic protocol for assessing coronary artery disease, thus benefitting both the patients and clinicians.
The Role of Phonetic Processing in Silent Reading.

In a study designed to test whether the meaning of printed words is perceived directly or by means of phonetic recoding, subjects named pictures on which words or nonwords were superimposed as distractors. In a Stroop task of this kind, the meanings of distractor words which conflict with the names of the pictures on which they appear are known to interfere with picture-naming, even when subjects are not asked to read the words. Instructions in the present study required subjects to either ignore the distractors, read them silently, pronounce them covertly, or say them aloud. The phonetically novel nonwords retarded picture-naming performance more than did real words when phonetic processing was explicitly required, but not during silent reading. In addition, covert pronunciation required more time than silent reading. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that access to the meaning of printed words does not require a phonetic recoding stage. Alternative explanations based on weaker forms of th...
Trends in the utilization of silicone breast implants, 1964-1991, and methodology for a population-based study of outcomes

Abstract Using the unique data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we have designed a population-based retrospective cohort study to examine the risks and complications of silicone breast implants among 749 Olmsted County, Minnesota, women who received these devices between 1964 and 1991, and 1498 control women who did not receive such devices. In this paper, we present data describing the population-based trends in the utilization of these devices from 1964 to 1991. In addition, we discuss the case ascertainment, outcome assessment, and reliability of the data collection for the outcomes study. The utilization of breast implants increased markedly over the past 30 yr with the rate of new implants per 100,000 women (≥ 15 years of age) rising from 3.5 in 1964 to 95 in 1979, remaining stable thereafter. The prevalence of breast implants among Olmsted County women ≥15 years of age on 1 January 1992 was approx. 1%. An examination of the characteristics of these women reveals that recent utilization of breast implants has increased more rapidly among rural than among urban women, that the proportion of women receiving implants for breast cancer mastectomy reconstruction has increased in recent years, and that the great majority of women receiving implants are married at the time of implant. These trends also revealed that the average age of women who receive implants is rising and that in more recent years both much younger and much older women are receiving implants.
How peer photos influence member participation in online communities

Online communities (OLCs) are gatherings of like-minded people, brought together in cyberspace by shared interests. Creating such communities is not a big challenge; sustaining members' participation is. In this paper, we describe a technique for presenting members' photos and evaluate how it affects member participation in the community. We compare three different policies for presenting peer photos on the home page of the web site. Our results show that explicit requests in the form of simple and short messages on the home page of a community can induce participation. We show that we were able to motivate members to (a) log into the system to see photos of fellow members, and (b) upload their personal photos.
Development of a novel time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique

Summary form only given. We are developing a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique to interrogate the ion velocity distribution function (VDF) in Hall thruster plumes down to the microsecond time scale. Better measurements of dynamic plasma processes such as breathing and spoke modes will lead to improvements in simulation and prediction of thruster operation and erosion. We present the development of the new technique, results of validation tests using a hollow cathode, and initial tests interrogating a Hall thruster. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is often a challenge for LIF studies, and it is only more challenging for time-resolved measurements since a lock-in amplifier cannot be used with a long time constant. The new system uses laser modulation on the order of MHz, which enables the use of electronic filtering and phase-sensitive detection to improve SNR while preserving time-resolved information. Statistical averaging over many cycles to further improve SNR is done in the frequency domain. This technique can have significant advantages over other averaging methods, including (1) larger spatial maps enabled by shorter data acquisition time and (2) the ability to average data without creating a phase reference by modifying the thruster operating condition with a periodic cutoff in discharge current, which can modify the ion velocity distribution1.
Isolation and sequence of cDNA clones coding for the precursor to the γ subunit of mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

cDNA libraries have been constructed in plasmid (pBR322) and bacteriophage lambda gammagt10) vectors with poly (A+) RNA isolated from the nonfusing mouse muscle cell line BC3H-1. The libraries were screened with a restriction fragment derived from a genomic clone coding for a human acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit. Several clones were obtained whose cDNA inserts possessed nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homology with acetylcholine receptor gamma subunits from Torpedo californica, chick, calf, and human. One isolate, lambda BMG419, has 88 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated sequence, an open reading frame of 1,557 nucleotides coding for the precursor to the mouse acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit, and 144 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequence. Alignment of the lambda BMG419-deduced amino acid sequence with homologs from other species predicts a precursor peptide of 519 amino acids and a mature protein of 497 amino acids, with nonglycosylated molecular weights of 58,744 and 56,424 daltons, respectively. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse gamma subunit with Torpedo, chick, calf, and human sequences showed overall homologies of 54%, 67%, 90%, and 90%, respectively; however, significantly higher homologies were found in several putative functional domains. Radiolabeled lambda BMG419 has been used to identify homologous RNA species, one of approximately 2 kb and one of about 3.5 kb, in poly (A+) RNA prepared from BC3H-1 cells and denervated mouse limb muscle. gamma Subunit-coding RNA species are considerably more abundant in denervated than in innervated muscle, suggesting that neural regulation of the abundance of the gamma subunit is exerted through regulation of the amount of its mRNA.
Comment on the Use of Chloramphenicol to Study the Initiation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis

Chloramphenicol cannot be used to distinguish different steps in the initiation of bacterial chromosome replication.
Al/SiC for power electronics packaging

Al/SiC composites have a CTE that very closely matches ceramics along with a high thermal conductivity. In addition, these composites also have an elastic modulus that is 2/spl times/ that of Cu and a density that is 66% less than that of Cu. These properties allow for a package design that is significantly superior to the traditional Cu baseplate design. This presentation discusses the unique properties of Al/SiC as it applies to power electronics packaging. The results of thermal cycling and other reliability testing of Al/SiC products are presented and discussed.
Why farm the city? Theorizing urban agriculture through a lens of metabolic rift

Urban agriculture (UA) is spreading across vacant and marginal land worldwide, embraced by government and civil society as source of food, ecosystems services and jobs, particularly in times of economic crisis. ‘Metabolic rift’ is an effective framework for differentiating UA’s multiple origins and functions across the Global North and South. I examine how UA arises from three interrelated dimensions of metabolic rift—ecological, social and individual. By rescaling production, reclaiming vacant land and ‘de-alienating’ urban dwellers from their food, UA also attempts to overcome these forms of rift. Considering all three dimensions is valuable both for theory and practice.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the brief Mizes Anorectic Cognitions questionnaire.

The Mizes Anorectic Cognitions—Revised (MAC-R) questionnaire is a 24-item self-report instrument designed to assess cognitions associated with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. We examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the MAC-R in a sample of 290 undergraduates. We found that a brief 3-factor oblique model (composed of 12 items) of the MAC-R provided acceptable fit to the present sample data. This model was largely invariant across male and female participants. The brief version of the MAC-R (the BMAC) and subscale scores correlated significantly with scores from related measures of eating disorders, showing evidence of concurrent validity. The BMAC total and subscales also showed evidence of discriminant validity by differentiating between empirically defined subclinical eating disorders and control participants. Both logistic regression and discriminant function analyses showed that only the self-control and self-esteem subscale was most useful in distinguishing between the subgroups. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 785–799, 2001.
Effects of Agricultural Cultivation on Demographics of Southern High Plains Amphibians

Anthropogenic disturbance of landscapes surrounding wetlands is considered a factor in local and global amphibian declines. Few data exist on the effects of agricultural cultivation of wetland watersheds on amphibians, and results from previous studies are contradictory. Our objective was to test the effects of general anthropogenic land use (cultivation vs. grassland) on the demographics of seven species and three age classes of amphibians in the Southern High Plains of Texas. We partially enclosed 16 playa wetlands (4 per land use per year) with drift fences and pitfall traps and monitored relative daily abundance and diversity from 16 May to 17 October 1999 and 19 April to 18 August 2000. In general, relative abundance (i.e., average daily capture) of New Mexico and plains spadefoots ( Spea multiplicata, S. bombifrons )w as greater at cropland than grassland playas; the abundance of other species and diversity of the amphibian assemblage was not affected by land use. Also, abundance generally was greater in 1999 than 2000 for metamorph spadefoots and barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). Differences in spadefoot abundance between land-use types may have been related to low species-specific vagility, resulting in increased nestedness within disturbed landscapes and reduced abundance of a potential keystone intraguild predator in cropland playas. The yearly difference in amphibian abundance was likely related to annual precipitation, which influenced wetland hydroperiod. Agricultural cultivation surrounding wetlands is associated with the increased abundance of some amphibian species, but other demographic and fitness parameters—such as temporal demographics, body size, and diet diversity—may be negatively affected.
Beam Size Enhancement Due to the Presence of Sextupole Magnets in a Ring

A perturbation method using the Green's function of the Fokker-Planck equation is applied to evaluate an enhancement of the vertical beam size of a bunch due to the presence in a storage ring of sextupolar magnetic fields. This paper considers the beam size in function of the machine tune. The resulting curve will correctly describe the size enhancement only if tune is not too close to a resonance. In the immediate vicinity of the resonance the beam size will deviate from correct values because at this point the assumption underlying these values becomes invalid; namely, the perturbed distribution function will deviate strongly from its unperturbed value. Since perturbation theory cannot be used near the resonance, other methods are needed to treat beam size enhancement at this range; however, at ranges far from resonance, the assumption regains its validity and the method of perturbation gives an accurate estimate of the perturbed beam size. The size of the bunch is presented as the power series in sextupole strength parameters. A numerical example of the beam enhancement due to the presence of sextupole magnets in a PEP storage ring is presented, and includes, among its parameters, particle motion described by the Courant-Snyder variables,more » the perturbed distribution function, and the vertical beam emittance.« less
Utilization of Patient Meetings on an Adolescent Ward

This paper reports on our three-year experience with weekly patient meetings on a newly formed pediatric ward for adolescents. The meetings are voluntary, and any topic may be discussed. Representative material is presented regarding patients' responses to food, the ward routines, interactions with the staff, and death. We have found that the group sessions offer a nonthreatening opportunity for patients to meet and get to know one another; they provide a forum where patients can combat against submitting to a passive role by actively participating in advising on ward policy and patient concerns, and they provide a built-in safety-valve in times of ward disruption due to deaths or other stresses. It is our belief that one of the major reasons for the ward's success has been the ease of patient-staff communications fostered by these meetings.
The synthesis of (−)‐4‐methyl‐8‐chloro‐trans‐1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b‐octahydrobenzo‐[f]‐quinolin‐3‐one‐[3‐14C] (LY300502‐14C]) via a circuitous route

The synthesis of the C-14 labeled isotopomer of LY300502, a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor has been accomplished in four radiochemical steps. The route involves the synthesis of LY300502-[14C] from LY300502 via a circuitous route; the label was introduced with ethyl chloroformate-[carbonyl-14C].
Designing and Evaluating an XPath Dialect for Linguistic Queries

Linguistic research and natural language processing employ large repositories of ordered trees. XML, a standard ordered tree model, and XPath, its associated language, are natural choices for linguistic data and queries. However, several important expressive features required for linguistic queries are missing or hard to express in XPath. In this paper, we motivate and illustrate these features with a variety of linguistic queries. Then we propose extensions to XPath to support linguistic queries, and design an efficient query engine based on a novel labeling scheme. Experiments demonstrate that our language is not only sufficiently expressive for linguistic trees but also efficient for practical usage.
Error Analysis of Mathematical Word Problem Solving Across Students with and without Learning Disabilities

Solving word problems is a common area of struggle for students with learning disabilities (LD). In order for instruction to be effective, we first need to have a clear understanding of the specific errors exhibited by students with LD during problem solving. Error analysis has proven to be an effective tool in other areas of math but has had little application to errors in word problems. Using an error analysis approach, this study aimed to investigate in depth the various types and frequency of errors made by students with LD and their AA peers during math problem solving. The resulting similarities and differences between the two groups of students are discussed with insight into underlying cognitive processes, and implications for future research.