cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaccinia Virus H2 Protein Is an Essential Component of a Complex Involved in Virus Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion

The vaccinia virus H2R gene (VACWR 100) is conserved in all sequenced members of the poxvirus family and encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain and four invariant cysteines. A recombinant vaccinia virus, in which expression of the H2 protein is stringently regulated, was unable to replicate without inducer. However, under nonpermissive conditions, all stages of virus morphogenesis appeared normal and extracellular virions were detected at the tips of actin tails. Nevertheless, virus did not spread to neighboring cells nor did syncytia form after low-pH treatment. Purified -H2 and +H2 virions from cells infected in the absence or presence of inducer, respectively, were indistinguishable in microscopic appearance and contained the same complement of major proteins, though only +H2 virions were infectious. The -H2 virions bound to cells, but their cores did not penetrate into the cytoplasm. In addition, exogenously added -H2 virions were unable to mediate the formation of syncytia after low-pH treatment. In contrast, virions lacking the A27 (p14) protein, which was previously considered to have an essential role in fusion, penetrated cells and induced extensive syncytia. The properties of H2, however, are very similar to those recently reported for the A28 protein. Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated an interaction between H2 and A28. Therefore, H2 and A28 are the only proteins presently known to be specifically required for vaccinia virus entry and are likely components of a fusion complex.
Towards an Engaged Pedagogy: Bell Hooks Manifesto and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics

The debate over what content and methods should compose the mathematics education of children has been an omnipresent contested discourse in the mathematics education terrain. In today’s schooling regimes, the push for accountability and the movement towards a culturally-coded, standards –based curriculum seem to cripple every earnest attempt at rejuvenation and redemption of democratic access to educational opportunities and resources for learners. The abysmal inequalities we witness in schools and societies worldwide have been complicit in creating a rather apocalyptic vision of the future of education as a practice of engagement and empowerment. With a longstanding history that imbibed racial demarcation and reductionist positioning, the quest for liberation through transformative education endeavors appears as if a figment of pure imagination. In the face of intensified challenges that transcend national geographic boundaries, we seek refuge and inspiration by revisiting the works of crucial thinkers such as bell hooks who reminds us of the ultimate goal of education, viz. praxis of humanization and liberation.
Synthetic Strategies for Studying Embryonic Development

Developmental biology has evolved from a descriptive science to one based on genetic principles and molecular mechanisms. Although molecular biology and genetic technologies have been the primary drivers of this transformation, synthetic strategies have been increasingly utilized to interrogate the mechanisms of embryonic patterning with spatial and temporal precision. In this review, we survey how chemical tools and engineered proteins have been used to perturb developmental processes at the DNA, RNA, protein, and cellular levels. We discuss the design principles, experimental capabilities, and limitations of each method, as well as future challenges for the chemical and developmental biology communities.
Modeling Interindividual Differences in Spontaneous Internal Desynchrony Patterns

A physiologically based mathematical model of a putative sleep-wake regulatory network is used to investigate the transition from typical human sleep patterns to spontaneous internal desynchrony behavior observed under temporal isolation conditions. The model sleep-wake regulatory network describes the neurotransmitter-mediated interactions among brainstem and hypothalamic neuronal populations that participate in the transitions between wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Physiologically based interactions among these sleep-wake centers and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), whose activity is driven by an established circadian oscillator model, mediate circadian modulation of sleep-wake behavior. When the sleep-wake and circadian rhythms are synchronized, the model simulates stereotypically normal human sleep-wake behavior within the limits of individual variation, including typical NREM-REM cycling across the night. When effects of temporal isolation are simulated by increasing the period of the sleep-wake cycle, the model replicates spontaneous internal desynchrony with the appropriate dependence of multiple features of REM sleep on circadian phase. In temporal isolation experiments, subjects have exhibited different desynchronized sleep-wake behaviors. Our model can generate similar ranges of desynchronized behaviors by variations in the period of the sleep-wake cycle and the strength of interactions between the SCN and the sleep-wake centers. Analysis of the model suggests that similar mechanisms underlie several different desynchronized behaviors and that the phenomenon of phase trapping may be dependent on SCN modulation of REM sleep-promoting centers. These results provide predictions for physiologically plausible mechanisms underlying interindividual variations in sleep-wake behavior observed during temporal isolation experiments.
The use of enoxaparin to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy: feasibility and utility

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of enoxaparin in prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in men poorly compliant with pneumatic compression stockings (PCS) in the immediate postoperative period after a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 47 men who underwent RP at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. All patients were started on enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously 6-8 hours postoperatively and daily while hospitalized. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Median follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: Median patient age was 64 ± 7 years, median prostate-specific antigen level was 4.9 ng/mL and median prostate biopsy-determined Gleason score was 6. Forty-one men (87%) underwent a pelvic lymph node dissection. Median operative time was 181 minutes (range 164-450 minutes). Median estimated blood loss was 700 mL. Approximately 36% of the men wore PCS the recommended > 19 hours/day. On average PCS were worn 10.3 ± 7.5 hours/day. Postoperative complications were not increased in this cohort. Two patients developed pulmonary embolism requiring long-term anticoagulation. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: In men non-compliant with PCS, initiation of enoxaparin in the immediate postoperative setting was well-tolerated and maintained a low (4%) rate of VTE. Thus, enoxaparin may be useful in adjunct with PCS in these patients.
Executive Compensation Payments by Large and Small Industrial Companies

The data, 404. — Definitions, 407. — Number of executives, 409. — Fluctuation in compensation, 409. — Executive compensation and earnings, 411. — Executive compensation and sales, 415. — Executive compensation, earnings and dividends, 420. — Dollar compensation of chief executives, 426. — Relationship of assets to dollar executive compensation, 428. — Bonus policies, 429. — Conclusions, 432.
The Impact of Device Footprint Scaling on High-Performance CMOS Logic Technology

We propose selective scaling of device footprint for 65 nm and beyond CMOS technologies. The benefits of selective scaling of device footprint are illustrated using an ultrathin-body fully depleted silicon-on-insulator transistor as an example. We study the effect of footprint scaling on device, circuit, and system level performance. A complete 2D device structure is modeled for the numerical analysis. The results predict that an optimal footprint design can provide 30% smaller chip layout area, 20% faster speed, and 10% less dynamic power on overall chip performance benchmarked with a 53-bit pipelined multiplier. The variability analysis on both dc and ac characteristics indicates that the benefits of selective footprint scaling are not degraded by device variation
Delineating a forum for business policy scholars

This note is a follow-up on one published in 1987. A sample of tenured business policy scholars, with significant track records in publishing, rated key management journals with respect to their appropriateness as outlets for scholarly research in the business policy field. The results of the survey are reported.
Experimental Design and Analysis of Bimorphs as Synthetic Jet Diaphragms

Synthetic jet actuators are promising Active Flow Control (AFC) devices which could lead to saving millions of dollars in fuel consumption each year. The Bimorph piezoelectric actuators are an attractive alternative to other type of actuators as active diaphragms and are the focus of this work. Among the properties of a Bimorph actuator, a number of geometrical and physical external factors may have an effect on its performance as a synthetic jet actuator. Using statistical tools some of the physical and geometrical factors are evaluated as independent variables that may have an effect on the synthetic jet peak velocity, the dependent variable. Among the factors studied are the geometry of the synthetic jet cavity, the driving signal used to operate the active diaphragm, and the effect of a pressure gradient on the device. Among the six factors considered, the driving signal was found to have the highest effect on the peak jet velocity, and the factor of frequency proved to have a smaller effect. The cavity geometrical parameters were also relevant, a smaller orifice and a smaller cavity produce higher peak jet velocities. An adverse pressure gradient was also found to have a significant effect on peak jet velocity, diminishing its magnitude with increasing pressure.© 2006 ASME
Discriminative models for static human-object interactions

We advocate an approach to activity recognition based on modeling contextual interactions between postured human bodies and nearby objects. We focus on the difficult task of recognizing actions from static images and formulate the problem as a latent structured labeling problem. We develop a unified, discriminative model for such context-based action recognition building on recent techniques for learning large-scale discriminative models. The resulting contextual models learned by our system outperform previously published results on a database of sports actions.
Antecedents to End Users' Success in Learning to Program in an Introductory Programming Course

Multiple factors combine to affect end users' success in learning to program. The goal of this research is to empirically investigate several factors that may predict learning to program in an introductory programming course for end users. The findings showed that software self-efficacy, programming self-efficacy, and computer playfulness were not direct predictors of successful programming; however, together they influenced computer interest, which in turn affected performance. The contribution of this paper is a model of the joint effects of a set of factors for end-user success in learning to program in a formal course setting.
Effect of polymeric adsorbents on the production of sanguinarine by Papaver somniferum cell cultures.

The suitability of adsorbent polymeric resins, Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 (Rohm and Hass, Inc.), was investigated for the accumulation of sanguinarine from Papaver somniferum cell cultures. The adsorption and desorption of sanguinarine from aqueous solution was most effective with XAD-7. In addition to sanguinarine, the resins were found to absorb growth regulators and vitamins from the culture medium. Growth inhibition was overcome by delaying for ∼4 days resin addition after cell inoculation in fresh medium. Resin addition (5% wt/vol) to actively growing uneclicited cultures led to increases in sanguinarine production and release of 30% to 40% and 60%, respectively. The addition of resins to elicited cultures led to increases in alkaloid production of up to 50% to 85% with similar increases in alkaloid release as observed for nonelicited cells. Overall yield of sanguinarine increased from 21 mg · g biomass dry weight−1 (dw) for elicited cultures to more than 39 mg · gdw−1 when elicitation was combined with resin addition. Higher quantities of resin (10% to 20% wt/vol) increased marginally the release of sanguinarine into the medium, and on the resin, up to 85% of total production. The use of resin appears promesing for the development of a bioprocess for sanguinarine production by cultured plant cells. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unification: a multidisciplinary survey

The unification problem and several variants are presented. Various algorithms and data structures are discussed. Research on unification arising in several areas of computer science is surveyed; these areas include theorem proving, logic programming, and natural language processing. Sections of the paper include examples that highlight particular uses of unification and the special problems encountered. Other topics covered are resolution, higher order logic, the occur check, infinite terms, feature structures, equational theories, inheritance, parallel algorithms, generalization, lattices, and other applications of unification. The paper is intended for readers with a general computer science background—no specific knowledge of any of the above topics is assumed.
New estimate for storage time in sensory memory

Sperling in 1960 reported information in sensory storage remained for about one sec. In 1974 Phillips reported that information in sensory storage passed on to short-term visual memory after 100 msec. To distinguish between these alternatives, 55 subjects received 36 trials in which two matrices of letters, familiar shapes, or non-familiar shapes were presented successively in a recognition task. The interstimulus interval varied systematically. Results showed that as the interval increased, performance decreased. Further, memory for letters and familiar shapes was superior. Finally, there were no differences among letters, familiar shapes, and non-familiar shapes at the .25-sec. interval. At the .5-sec. interval, performance for familiar shapes was superior to performance for non-familiar shapes. It was concluded that information transfers to short-term visual storage after .25 sec.
Diabetes‐induced biochemical changes in rat lens: attenuation of cataractogenesis by pyruvate

Summary Aim: Studies have been conducted to determine the effect of pyruvate administration on the biochemistry of rat lens and the status of its transparency as affected by diabetic conditions. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous (i.v.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and treated with sodium pyruvate (2%) in drinking water. The levels of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, ATP, GSH, MDA as well as glycated proteins in the lenses were determined at various intervals after the onset of diabetes and the values compared with untreated diabetic controls. The progress of cataract formation and associated histological changes in the tissue were also monitored. Results: Studies show that the pyruvate treatment decreased the extent of several biochemical changes known to be associated with cataract formation, such as the elevation in the levels of glycated proteins, sorbitol, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and inhibition of the cation pump. The progress of cataract was also significantly delayed. Conclusion: Exogenous administration of this compound hence was found to exert an overall protective effect against cataract formation induced by the diabetic conditions.
Data science of stroke imaging and enlightenment of the penumbra

Imaging protocols of acute ischemic stroke continue to hold significant uncertainties regarding patient selection for reperfusion therapy with thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Given that patient inclusion criteria can easily introduce biases that may be unaccounted for, the reproducibility and reliability of the patient screening method is of utmost importance in clinical trial design. The optimal imaging screening protocol for selection in targeted populations remains uncertain. Acute neuroimaging provides a snapshot in time of the brain parenchyma and vasculature. By identifying the at-risk but still viable penumbral tissue, imaging can help estimate the potential benefit of a reperfusion therapy in these patients. This paper provides a perspective about the assessment of the penumbral tissue in the context of acute stroke and reviews several neuroimaging models that have recently been developed to assess the penumbra in a more reliable fashion. The complexity and variability of imaging features and techniques used in stroke will ultimately require advanced data driven software tools to provide quantitative measures of risk/benefit of recanalization therapy and help aid in making the most favorable clinical decisions.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation increases risk of late bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

Abstract Background . Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most common cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Our hypothesis was that early ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation increases the risk of BOS. Methods . Data on 134 patients who had lung transplantation between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2000, was used for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results . After lung transplantation, 115 patients (115 of 134, 86%) survived more than 3 months. In that group, 41 patients developed BOS, of which 23 had progressive disease. Univariate analysis revealed that ischemia-reperfusion injury ( p = 0.017) and two or more acute rejection episodes ( p = 0.032) were predictors of BOS onset, whereas ischemia-reperfusion injury ( p = 0.011) and cytomegalovirus infection ( p = 0.009) predicted progressive BOS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ischemia-reperfusion injury was an independent predictor for both BOS development and BOS progression. Two or more acute rejection episodes were also an independent predictor of BOS development, whereas cytomegalovirus infection was an independent predictor of progressive BOS. Conclusions . Ischemia-reperfusion injury increases the risk of BOS after lung transplantation.
Invariants of Human Behavior

L'auteur s'interesse aux invariants du comportement humain tels qu'ils apparaissent dans les theories de la psychologie cognitive contemporaine
Algae in Agricultural Fields from St. Francis County, Arkansas

On August 9 th , 2007, two agriculture fields (rice and sorghum fields) were sampled for freshwater algae in St. Francis County. The purpose of this study was to document the algal species in the rice and sorghum fields and compare the similarities of species composition. There were a total of 53 species identified. Overall, diatoms and cyanobacteria were equally dominant with both represented by 21 species (39.6% of the total) and 11 green algal species (20.8%) were present. The sorghum field was dominated by Chlorogloeopsis fritschii and Chroococcus limneticus, while Anabeana cylindrica was abundant in the rice field.
The relationship between variations in cesarean delivery and regional health care use in the United States

Background Cesarean delivery rates vary widely across the United States. Health care usage in many other areas of medicine also varies widely across the United States; it is unknown whether the variation in cesarean delivery rates across US communities is correlated with this broader underlying variation in health care usage patterns. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether the variation in cesarean delivery rates across US communities is correlated with other measures of health care usage in that community. Study Design We performed a population-based observational study that combined multiple national data sources, which included 2010 birth certificate data and Medicare claims data. Cesarean delivery rates in each US community, as defined by the Hospital Service Area, Medicare total spending per beneficiary, and hospital days in the last 6 months were calculated. Cesarean delivery and Medicare spending were on different patient populations; the Medicare variables were used to characterize the broader health care usage and spending pattern of that community. We examined the relationship between a community's cesarean delivery rates and these measures of health care usage using Pearson correlation coefficients. We also stratified by quartile of Medicare spending and hospital use in the last 6 months of life and calculated the cesarean delivery rates per quartile, adjusting for underlying differences in patient characteristics, demographics, hospital structure, and the malpractice environment using a least-squared means method. We compared the amount of variation in cesarean delivery rates across communities that could be explained by differences in health care usage patterns to the amount of variation that was explained by other factors using the R -squared from multivariable models. Results Cesarean delivery rates varied from 4-65% across communities in the United States. Cesarean delivery rates were correlated positively with total Medicare spending ( r = 0.48; P r = 0.45; P P P Conclusion Cesarean delivery rates vary widely across US communities; this variation is correlated broadly with the variation that is seen in other measures of health care usage across US communities.
Mitochondrial Dna Variation within and among Species of Termites in the Genus Zootermopsis (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Population structure and speciation in the eusocial but fully diploid Isoptera are not well understood. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site variation was analyzed in the three species of the genus Zootermopsis. One colony of Zootermopsis nevadensis (Ha- gen) contained individuals with two different mtDNA haplotypes in approximately equal fre- quencies. This suggests the possibility of reproductive contribution to the colony from females of different parentage. Two recently named subspecies of Z. nevadensis have been suggested to be incipient species based on distinct cuticular hydrocarbon differences, allopatric distri bution, and variation in ecology; however, the mtDNA data reported here cannot be used to confirm or reject this hypothesis. Individual colonies of these subspecies were not well resolved in phylogenetic analyses, but a Monte Carlo randomization procedure indicated they are dif ferentiated with respect to haplotype frequencies. Considerable site variation exists among the three currently recognized species, and parsimony and distance analyses demonstrate they are distinc and monophyletic. These results provide further information on the relatively unknown areas of genetic structure and speciation in termites
On the Rupture Process of the 23 August 2011 Virginia Earthquake

Abstract The 23 August 2011 M w 5.7 Virginia earthquake was studied using local and teleseismic recordings. The earthquake was a shallow reverse rupture in the central Virginia seismic zone. The epicenter was at 37.905° N, 77.975° W, with focal depth 8.0 km. A few local stations recorded both the mainshock and several of the larger aftershocks. This allowed location of the mainshock epicenter relative to the accurate locations of aftershocks recorded by a temporary local deployment of stations. The aftershocks define a planar zone oriented in agreement with the mainshock focal mechanism nodal plane. The mainshock focal depth was determined by comparing teleseismic waveforms with synthetics. Local and teleseismic recordings show evidence of a complex rupture, and were used to locate two large subevents relative to a small initial subevent. The initial slip episode had moment of roughly , and was followed 0.75 s later by a subevent with a moment of approximately that amounted to approximately 60% of the total moment release. A third subevent with moment approximately occurred 1.57 s after rupture initiation. The mainshock rupture occurred at the base of the early aftershock zone. Rupture initiated near the southwestern corner of the aftershock zone and proceeded to the northeast along strike and up‐dip. The three subevents may have involved a small fault area: the estimated distance between the initial and final subevent is only 2.0 km. However, the total rise time of the earthquake was comparatively large. The estimated distance between the subevents and the origin time difference between subevents suggests a slow rupture velocity of 1.3–1.7 km/s. This was a consequence of the rupture being comprised of two short‐duration energetic slip events that were well separated in time along with a small, possibly low stress‐drop, initiation event.
Cognitive appraisals of dietary transgressions by obese women: associations with self-reported eating behavior, depression, and actual weight loss.

Cognitive appraisals of dietary transgressions by obese women: Associations with self-reported eating behavior, depression, and actual weight loss
On Vincent's View of Freedom and International Conflict

Vincent's “Freedom and International Conflict: Another Look” is beset with problems. He does not define the hypothesis he is replicating, operationalizes the hypothesis incorrectly, ignores the replication of others, uses inappropriate data, and misreads his empirical results. Moreover, these problems aside, a proper interpretation of Vincent's results would show that they in fact support, not negate as he claims, the hypothesis that the more freedom in two states the less their mutual violence.
Predicting growth of graphene nanostructures using high-fidelity atomistic simulations

In this project we developed t he atomistic models needed to predict how graphene grows when carbon is deposited on metal and semiconductor surfaces. We first calculated energies of many carbon configurations using first principles electronic structure calculations and then used these energies to construct an empirical bond order potentials that enable s comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of growth. We validated our approach by comparing our predictions to experiments of graphene growth on Ir, Cu and Ge. The robustness of ou r understanding of graphene growth will enable high quality graphene to be grown on novel substrates which will expand the number of potential types of graphene electronic devices.
The Perturbed Trajectories Prediction Based on an Additional Virtual Node

An algorithm for predicting the perturbed trajectories in a multi-machine system is proposed based on an additional virtual node.Through an on-line analysis of the perturbed system and the data on the state estimation or power flow,the power system is reduced in order to a system of reserved nodes of power plants with only PMU.By introducing an additional virtual node,the variety of system elements' model or their parameters and alteration of the network topology can be identified by mutual admittance between the virtual node and reserved node.The mutual admittance can be modified based on the PMU data.Using the transitive relationship matrix between the voltage and current of the reduced-order system,the perturbed trajectories prediction should be realized by the connection model between generator equation and network.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified with numerical simulation on a 10-machine 39-bus power system,with the resultant scheme implemented.
Development and simulation of systematic of Micro-SMES for operating at high-temperature regions

There has been remarkable progress in the technology for producing coated conductors recently.Long YBCO tapes would be widely devoted to various practical applications such as power cables,fault-current limiters and SMES.In the paper,an optimal design of a Micro-SMES magnet is proposed to minimize the amount of conductor material usage.This is obtained by considering anisotropic B-I characteristic of YBCO coated conductor while maintaining the energy storage capacity.The losses of the coils and current leaders were analyzed for the basic evaluation to the design of the sub-cooled liquid nitrogen(LN2) cryogenic system.A voltage-source-convertor(VSC) is empolyed to achieve the transimmison of energy and power between the SMES and the power system.The simulation of SMES was performed to investigate its roles in power system.Finally,the feasibility of its practical applications was discussed.
The Analysis of Stroke Risk Factor in Cancer Patients

Aim To investigate the risk factors of cerebral infarction in cancer patients.Methods 67 cases of tumor patients with cerebral infarction were included as the tumor group who were treated in hospital from January 2005 to August 2012,67 cases of general cerebral infarction were randomly selected at the same times as control group.The difference was analysed between tumor group and control group in hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,plasma fibrinogen and D-dimmer.Results Incidence of hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia was significantly lower in tumor group(P0.05 or P0.01),D-dimmer and fibrinogen level was significantly higher than that of contrl group(P0.05 or P0.01).Multivariate regression analysis showed that plasma fibrinogen and D-dimmer were the risk factors of cerebral infarction in cancer patients.Conclusions Stroke risk factors are different between the cancer patients and general people.Cancer-associated hypercoagulation is an important stroke risk factor in patients with cancer.
Aggregated-Parameter in Design of Experiment of Weapon System-of-System Combat Simulation

Design of Experiment of Weapon System-of-System Combat Simulation needs numerous model parameters and state variables.These parameters and variables have different meanings.In order to solve this problem,a conception of Aggregated-Parameter was raised.To solve the problem that there are so many basic experiment parameters which engender large quantities of experiment schemes,the basic experiment parameter should be aggregated.The Aggregated-Parameter made the researched problem easy to understand.The requirement of the Aggregated-Parameter as well as how to construct Aggregated-Parameter was analyzed,and an Aggregated-Parameter construction method was raised which merged the military meanings decomposition and model parameters combination.
“Helping the poets … write for the theatre”: The transitional essays on collaboration, community, and drama

One of the most dependable patterns in Eliot's career is his habit of following one of his own poems or dramas with an essay that explores the procedures of that creative work. This allowed Eliot to gain some distance from the imaginative act and explore the troubling process of creation in the comforting form of prose, where he could assert his opinions much more vigorously and, following Arnold, use criticism to establish order. Since The Waste Land took shape during one of the most turbulent times in Eliot's personal life and it was the first work to benefit from a full-blown collaboration, Eliot was especially eager to make sense of that undertaking in his own criticism that followed the long poem. And while these essays have sometimes been discussed in terms of Eliot's thinking in The Waste Land , placing them within the context of the collaborative model I have drawn up puts them in a drastically new light. In effect, they reveal Eliot wrestling with the implications of Pound's assistance and struggling to align Pound's editorial contributions with his own needs and fears as an artist. Unwilling to acknowledge Pound's assistance overtly, the essays express Eliot's seemingly conflicting impulses of preferring to configure the writer in a passive position in the creative act while at the same time allowing for the exercise of authority. Part of the motivation of the essays, then, seems to be a desire to resolve this contradiction.
Inference based on ranks for two-way models with a grouping factor and a repeated measures factor

A unified rank-based analysis is developed for two-way models with a grouping factor (unequal number of subjects per group) and a repeated measures factor based on a dispersion function assuming exchangeability of the errors within each subject. This analysis produces asymptotically distribution-free tests for general linear hypotheses, and multiple comparison procedures based on R-estimators. A Monte Carlo Study is conducted to investigate the small sample behavior of a rank test for testing the hypothesis of no interaction between the repeated measures and the grouping factors.
Estimation of Split Renal Function With (99m)Tc-DMSA SPECT: Comparison Between 3D Volumetric Assessment and 2D Coronal Projection Imaging.

OBJECTIVE. Split renal function (SRF) can be estimated with 99mTc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) SPECT cortical renal scintigraphy on either 2D projected images or 3D images. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference between SRF values calculated with the 2D method and those calculated with the 3D method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study was performed with 99mTc-DMSA SPECT images of 316 patients (age range, 1–26 years). All images were reconstructed by filtered back projection. An automated computational method was developed to estimate SRF using both 2D projection images and direct 3D images. A paired t test was used to evaluate the difference between SRFs determined with the two methods and the association between the magnitude of the differences and kidney size, patient age, and SRF. RESULTS. There was strong correlation between SRFs estimated with the 2D and 3D methods (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). There was small significant difference (0.14%...
Predicting Decline in Agrammatism, Apraxia of Speech and Parkinsonism in Agrammatic Primary Progressive Aphasia (P4.030)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline neuroimaging predicts future rate of clinical decline in patients with agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (agPPA) or progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS). BACKGROUND: Agrammatism and apraxia of speech are characteristic of both agPPA and PAOS. Rate of decline in these features is variable making prognosis difficult. These patients also often develop Parkinsonism, with a subset progressing rapidly into a Parkinsonian disorder. Identifying biomarkers that can help predict rate of clinical decline will be critical to improve prognostic estimates. DESIGN/METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with agPPA or PAOS underwent baseline speech and language and neurological assessments, and MRI, and then returned two years later. Agrammatism was measured using the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotient (WAB-AQ), apraxia of speech was measured using the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale (ASRS), and Parkinsonism was measured using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-3 (UPDRS-3). Baseline regional grey matter volumes were calculated. Mixed effects models were used to determine the degree to which baseline volumes predict future rate of decline in the clinical measures. RESULTS: Mean annual rate of decline was -4 points (95[percnt] CI: -14 to 5) for WAB-AQ, 3 points (-3 to 9) for ASRS and 8 points (-9 to 26) for UPDRS-3. Small baseline volumes of supplementary motor area, premotor, precentral and paracentral cortex were associated with increased rates of decline on the UPDRS-3. Large volumes (i.e. relative sparing) of Broca9s area was associated with increased rates of decline on the ASRS and large paracentral volumes were associated with increased rates of decline on the WAB-AQ. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging measures have potential to be useful biomarkers of future clinical decline in these patients, particularly with atrophic premotor and motor regions predicting decline in Parkinsonism. Study supported by: R01-DC12519 Disclosure: Dr. Whitwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weigand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Duffy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Machulda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clark has nothing to disclose. Dr. Senjem has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jack has received personal compensation for activities with Janssen Research & Development, LLC by providing consulting services. Dr. Jack has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (R01-AG011378, RO1-AG041851, RO1-AG037551. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose.
Current issues in advanced heart failure

In the past 50 years, an increased understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with the development of heart failure has produced a more precise treatment of this syndrome. The effects of the agents used for the treatment of patients with advanced heart failure have been summarized in this article and demonstrate the importance of vasodilatory drugs on the survival and progression of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame-retardants in consumer products and are currently detected in salmon globally. The two most predominant PBDE congeners found in salmon are BDE-47 (2,2′,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether). In the present study, groups of juvenile Pacific Chinook salmon were fed five environmentally relevant concentrations of either BDE-47 (0.3–552 ng total PBDEs/g food), BDE-99 (0.3–580 ng total PBDEs/g food), or nearly equal mixtures of both congeners (0.7–690 ng total PBDEs/g food) for 39–40 days. The concentrations of circulating total thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3), were measured using a hormone-specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to determine if PBDE exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. The concentrations of both circulating T4 and T3 were altered in juvenile salmon by dietary uptake of BDE-99. Exposure to BDE-47 did not alter either T3 or T4 circulating hormone concentrations. However, exposure to a mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 reduced T3 in fish with lower concentrations of total whole body PBDEs than with either congener alone at equivalent PBDE whole body concentrations. Accordingly, the disruption of PBDEs on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations has the potential to impact a number of critical functions in juvenile salmon including growth, parr-smolt transformation, and immunological processes.
High-frequency ZVS Ćuk converter for automotive LED driver applications using planar integrated magnetics

This paper presents a high-frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) (Cuk converter using planar integrated magnetics. The converter is intended for automotive LED driver applications. The converter switching frequency is above the AM frequency band to reduce radio frequency interference. The input inductor, the output inductor, and the transformer are realized on a single planar integrated magnetic structure, resulting in low input and output current ripples and reduced EMI. The planar integrated magnetics structure is optimized using 3D finite element method (FEM) tools. The transformer leakage inductance is minimized to eliminate the need for snubbers, while the magnetizing inductance is selected to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) over a wide range of operating points. Experimental 1.8 MHz-to-2.4 MHz Cuk converter prototypes are constructed using Silicon MOSFETs or GaN transistors. The prototypes operate over an output voltage range from 3 V to 50 V, while supplying a constant 0.5 A output current to a string of 1-to-15 LEDs. Using Silicon MOSFETs, the prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 92.9%, while the GaN based prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 93.5%. Both prototypes maintain greater than 90% efficiency across a wide output voltage range.
Energy-efficient acceleration of MapReduce applications using FPGAs

Abstract In this paper, we present a full end-to-end implementation of big data analytics applications in a heterogeneous CPU+FPGA architecture. Selecting the optimal architecture that results in the highest acceleration for big data applications requires an in-depth of each application. Thus, we develop the MapReduce implementation of K -means, K nearest neighbor, support vector machine and naive Bayes in a Hadoop Streaming environment that allows developing mapper functions in a non-Java based language suited for interfacing with FPGA-based hardware accelerating environment. We further profile various components of Hadoop MapReduce to identify candidates for hardware acceleration. We accelerate the mapper functions through hardware+software (HW+SW) co-design. Moreover, we study how various parameters at the application (size of input data), system (number of mappers running simultaneously per node and data split size), and architecture (choice of CPU core such as big vs little, e.g., Xeon vs Atom) levels affect the performance and power-efficiency benefits of Hadoop streaming hardware acceleration and the overall performance and energy-efficiency of the system. A promising speedup as well as energy-efficiency gains of up to 8.3 × and 15 × is achieved, respectively, in an end-to-end Hadoop implementation. Our results show that HW+SW acceleration yields significantly higher speedup on Atom server, reducing the performance gap between little and big cores after the acceleration. On the other hand, HW+SW acceleration reduces the power consumption of Xeon server more significantly, reducing the power gap between little and big cores. Our cost Analysis shows that the FPGA-accelerated Atom server yields execution times that are close to or even lower than stand-alone Xeon server for the studied applications, while reducing the server cost by more than 3 × . We confirm the scalability of FPGA acceleration of MapReduce by increasing the data size on 12-node Xeon cluster and show that FPGA acceleration maintains its benefit for larger data sizes on a cluster.
Measurement of elastic moduli of porous SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites using ultrasonics

Forced Chemical Vapor Infiltration (FCVI) method was used in fabricating the Nicalon TM!Silicon Carbide composites. Both through-thickness and In-plane (fiber fabric plane) moduli were determined using ultrasonic techniques. The through-thickness moduli were found to be much less than the inplane moduli. Both in-plane and through-thickness moduli were significantly decreased with an increased porosity. The experimental results for the moduli were found to be in good agreement with a theoretical model.
The Soi Mosfet in a Harsh Environment

SOI MOSFETs present several properties that allow them to operate in harsh environments where bulk devices would typically fail. These interesting properties are due to the small volume of silicon in which the devices are made, to the small area of the source-body and drain-body junctions, and to the presence of a back gate. In this Chapter, we will describe the behavior of the SOI MOSFET operating in two cases of extreme environments: the exposure to ionizing radiations and to high temperature.
Stochastic plan optimization in real-time strategy games

We present a domain independent off-line adaptation technique called Stochastic Plan Optimization for finding and improving plans in real-time strategy games. Our method is based on ideas from genetic algorithms but we utilize a different representation for our plans and an alternate initialization procedure for our search process. The key to our technique is the use of expert plans to initialize our search in the most relevant parts of plan space. Our experiments validate this approach using our existing case based reasoning system Darmok in the real-time strategy game Wargus, a clone of War-craft II.
Oxidized phospholipids and phenotypic polarization of macrophages

Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) were shown to have pro-as well as anti-inflammatory effects, activating a variety of cell types. In particular, we have previously shown that macrophages respond to OxPL by drastically changing their gene expression pattern and function (1). However, it is not known how macrophages adapt their metabolism to changes in tissue oxidation status. We found that macrophages respond to phospholipids containing oxidized fatty acid moieties by reprogramming their metabolism to support either redox homeostasis or inflammatory responses. OxPL-treated macrophages (Mox) adopt a metabolic profile, which is strikingly distinct from M1 and M2 macrophages and characterized by accumulation of antioxidant metabolites involved in glutathione synthesis. The metabolic adaptation in Mox macrophages coincided with Hif1α-and Nrf2-dependent gene expression. On the other hand, OxPL suppressed mitochondrial respiration by a mechanism involving TLR2-dependent ceramide production. Treatment of macrophages with truncated OxPL suppressed mitochondrial respiration and promoted expression of genes controlling redox homeostasis, while non-fragmented oxygenated OxPL induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, without inhibiting bioenergetics. Using a targeted lipidomics approach, we demonstrate that both truncated and oxygenated OxPL species were abundant in healthy, lean adipose tissue. Accordingly, we identify a prominent population of previously unrecognized CX3CR1-F4/80loCD11b+ cells in lean adipose tissue, which are also positive for HO1+ and Txnrd1+, resembling the Mox phenotype. These cells are characterized by a quiescent bioenergetic profile, which can be mimicked by macrophages polarized with truncated OxPL. Surprisingly, we found that high-fat diet feeding led to a disproportional increase of oxygenated unfragmented OxPL species. In obese adipose tissue, the predominant macrophage population was CX3CR1+F4/80hiCD11b+ positive, expressing both CD11c+ and CD206+ and characterized by a highly energetic metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that macrophages respond to OxPL and adapt their metabolism to control redox homeostasis. The data suggest that by sensing OxPL, macrophages translate tissue oxidation status into antioxidant and inflammatory responses via modulation of metabolism and bioenergetics.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid PV/Wind System Connected to Utility Grid

This paper presents a study aimed at evaluating a hybrid renewable energy system connected to the utility grid considering an average load demand of 15000 kW/day and a peak load of almost 2395.3 kW. To assess the renewable energy resources potential and perform the techno-economic analyses, HOMER software is used. In this study, Renewable Resources Atlas meteorological data were collected. These data are under the development of King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE). The Riyadh city located in Saudi Arabia has been selected to apply this study. Net present cost (NPC) , levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and system environmental impacts were investigated .The simulation results show that the proposed system performed reasonably and reduce the amount of annual CO2 emissions. However, lacking enough RE resources may add more cost on the system rather than work effectively. Therefore, in this study using wind energy source with the grid system is the best option ,economically. Such system is applicable in the region and around the world for any place has similar conditions. reduction of energy costs and some greenhouse gasses are main contributors of this study.