cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Games Throughout the Life Cycle

Involvement with games has been a leitmotif of my life since early childhood. The fascination has its roots in my youthful discovery that the rules of games were not fixed, but malleable. A few changes here and there in the conventional or official rules could make a game more interesting. Even more important, one could make up the game from scratch. By the time I had graduated from high school, I had internalized the idea that statistics were about success indicators and that rules were about opportunities and constraints in achieving success. In my teaching at the University of Michigan and at Boston College, I sought some substitute for the lecture that would involve a less passive experience. Over the years, I developed three different teaching games for different courses: SIMSOC (Simulated Society), WHAT'S NEWS: A Game Simulation of TV News, and the GLOBAL JUSTICE GAME. In addition to these games with simulated environments, I developed various role-playing exercises for learning groups. As I reflect on the lessons that I have learned from my lifelong involvement with games, it strikes me that the personal appeal lies in blurring the distinction between work and play. Some of my professional work is âworkâ in the sense that I have to discipline myself to do it. âWorkâ on games is, for the most part, play-something that I am ready to do spontaneously in preference to most other activities.
What are squeezed states really like

This is work, the concept of which I have been mulling by myself and with Vern Sandberg over the last few years. Vera is now in the Medium Energy Physics Division at Los Alamos. He used to be in Kip Thorn’s group at Caltech and before that he was with John Wheeler’s group at Texas. Also, the stuff I’ll be talking about tomorrow partially involves work which we jointly did with Bob Fisher, who is an experimental laser man.
Non-uniform threshold voltage and non-saturating drain current in amorphous-Si TFT after saturation-mode bias temperature stress

We investigated the degradation effects on a-Si∶H thin film transistors under a saturation-mode bias temperature stress. The simulated I–V characteristics using a non-uniform channel profile of V t , with a maximum at source and minimum at drain, agreed very well with the measured data. The C-V characteristics were simulated using ATLAS based on this non-uniform V t profile, which agreed well with data. The non-saturating reverse configuration I d −V ds characteristics was explained using the channel length modulation effect. Moreover, the device Vt extracted from linear I d −V gs characteristics can be modeled as a weighted average of the non-uniform V t channel-profile. For short-channel devices, the experimental C-V data and ATLAS simulation show that the channel profiles of V t , deep (NGA) and tail (NTA) state densities are affected significantly by the self heating effect during stress, where NGA (NTA) shows a flat maximum (minimum) level from source to mid channel.
Practical aspects of DFT-based frequency division multiplexing for data transmission

A practical implementation of digital frequency division multiplexing is presented. The design goals are the use of very few modulation schemes (two or three), uniform reliability across the subchannels, and the avoidance of peak power violation. The FTDM (Fourier transform division multiplexing) method is used to design signals for transmission. Data are encoded in the frequency domain, Fourier transformed to yield a real sequence, and a signal is transmitted whose sampled values, when inverse Fourier transformed, yield the original code. Spectral characteristics for the code are easily obtained because it is designed in the frequency domain. >
Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials in Holstein cows

Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded from 29 Holstein cows in a typical clinical setting. The latencies of five positive peaks in the BAEP were measured, and latency-intensity functions were determined. The BAEP was similar to that reported in humans, dogs, horses, and other species. The responses were reproducible for each cow, with low variability between cows. Four peaks (I, II, III, V) were present in all recordings, and a fifth (IV) was present infrequently. All peak latencies decreased as click-stimulus intensity increased. The threshold for detection of the BAEP was higher than expected for the cow compared with the horse.
High-Speed Printing of Transistors: From Inks to Devices

The realization of a high-speed printing technique with high resolution and pattern fidelity is critical to making printed electronics a viable technology for electronics manufacturing. The printing requirements of printed electronics are substantially different that those of graphic arts. To make printed electronics a reality, it is necessary to deliver high resolution, good reproducibility, excellent pattern fidelity, high process throughput, and compatibility with the requisite semiconductor, dielectric, and conductor inks. In this paper, we review the physics of pattern formation from pixelated primitives, such as those that exist during inkjet and gravure printing, and will show how control of drop merging and drying can be used to produce high-fidelity shapes, including lines, squares, and intersections. We additionally discuss the physical underpinnings of gravure printing and inkjet printing, and show how these techniques can be scaled to produce high-fidelity highly scaled patterns, including sub-2 micron features at printing speeds of $\sim$ 1 m/s. Finally, in conjunction with high-performance materials, we describe our realization of high-performance fully printed transistors on plastic, offering high-switching speed, excellent process throughput, and good fidelity over large areas.
Structural Competency as a Framework for Training in Counseling Psychology

The purpose of this article is to explore structural competency as a framework for training in counseling psychology. Structural competency as a guiding paradigm can be an important component of counseling practice that is informed by an understanding of the effects of oppression and structural-level disparities on the psychological well-being of marginalized groups and individuals. We outline a set of training principles that can inform the development of socially responsive curricula in counseling psychology programs. These principles are derived from the need for an emancipatory, liberatory stance among newly trained practitioners and from the need for counseling psychologists to engage in anti-oppression advocacy. We argue that part of this advocacy must involve partnering with clients to counteract the over-reliance on de-contextualized treatments that ignore the role that individual and collective agency can play in bringing about positive psychological change.
Further passivity results for the attitude control problem

In this paper we establish passivity for the system which describes the attitude motion of a rigid body in terms of minimal three-dimensional kinematic parameters. In particular, we show that linear asymptotically stabilizing controllers and control laws without angular velocity measurements follow naturally from these passivity properties. The results of this paper extend similar results for the case of the (nonminimal) Euler parameters.
Measurement Characteristics of Peak Expiratory Flow

Study objectives To evaluate features of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) test protocol, and to characterize patterns of reproducibility in multiple PEF measurements. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University population. Participants Two hundred twenty-three healthy adults. Interventions Participants recorded five PEF measurements in each of five sessions per day for 1 week. Measurements and results Patterns of within-session variability were characterized using a reproducibility criterion based on a large percentage difference between best trials and evidence of a maneuver-induced bronchospasm (MIB) indicated by successive drops of PEF values in a session. Although the maximum PEF value in a session occurred on the fourth or fifth trial 32% of the time, the change in PEF values was small. Supervision was associated with small improvements in level and reproducibility. Using a cutoff of 5% for defining reproducibility, 15% of all sessions were not reproducible. When averaged over each subject, 9% of the cohort had a mean difference > 5%. Overall, MIB was unusual and observed in 8% of all test sessions; however, MIB was more common among asthmatics and subjects with wheeze, atopy, or allergies than subjects without. By contrast, poor reproducibility was more common among smokers and subjects with cough and phlegm. Conclusions These results illustrate that it may be unnecessary to supervise all sessions or collect more than three efforts. Results also suggest that reproducibility reflects smoking-related abnormalities, whereas MIB may reflect airways hyperresponsiveness.
Neurostimulation for Neck Pain and Headache

Patients with medically refractory headache disorders are a rare and challenging-to-treat group. The introduction of peripheral neurostimulation (PNS) has offered a new avenue of treatment for patients who are appropriate surgical candidates. The utility of PNS for headache management is actively debated. Preliminary reports suggested that 60-80% of patients with chronic headache who have failed maximum medical therapy respond to PNS. However, complications rates for PNS are high. Recent publication of 2 large randomized clinical trials with conflicting results has underscored the need for further research and careful patient counseling. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for PNS in treatment of chronic migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalagias and occipital neuralgia, and other secondary headache disorders.
Sound's effects on marine mammals need investigation

Protecting marine mammals and conducting certain types of marine research, in particular, those that use sound in the ocean, have categorically come into conflict because of our lack of knowledge of the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals. Despite its intentions to improve Earth's overall environment, the proposed Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) project, and by implication, other uses of sound in the ocean by oceanographers, are now under fire because of the dearth of data on this very issue. By passing the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act, the United States acknowledged that marine mammals are indeed a valuable national resource. Since World War II, the United States has developed and maintained a high-quality marine science research effort.
Optimal Denoising in Redundant Representations

Image denoising methods are often designed to minimize mean-squared error (MSE) within the subbands of a multiscale decomposition. However, most high-quality denoising results have been obtained with overcomplete representations, for which minimization of MSE in the subband domain does not guarantee optimal MSE performance in the image domain. We prove that, despite this suboptimality, the expected image-domain MSE resulting from applying estimators to subbands that are made redundant through spatial replication of basis functions (e.g., cycle spinning) is always less than or equal to that resulting from applying the same estimators to the original nonredundant representation. In addition, we show that it is possible to further exploit overcompleteness by jointly optimizing the subband estimators for image-domain MSE. We develop an extended version of Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) that allows us to perform this optimization adaptively, for each observed noisy image. We demonstrate this methodology using a new class of estimator formed from linear combinations of localized ldquobumprdquo functions that are applied either pointwise or on local neighborhoods of subband coefficients. We show through simulations that the performance of these estimators applied to overcomplete subbands and optimized for image-domain MSE is substantially better than that obtained when they are optimized within each subband. This performance is, in turn, substantially better than that obtained when they are optimized for use on a nonredundant representation.
Capacity building contributions of short-term international volunteers

Previous research suggests that international volunteer service may have both positive and negative effects on host organizations. Applying a capacity-building perspective, this study uses semistructured interviews to ask staff in hosting organizations to identify the main outcomes of short-term volunteer service. These views were compared with perspectives of staff from matched organizations that do not host international volunteers. Findings suggest that international volunteers may increase organizational capacity by supplying extra hands, providing technical and professional skills, contributing tangible resources, and enhancing intercultural understanding. Volunteers may also challenge organizations as they absorb staff time and resources. Staff members from both types of organizations identify individual and institutional variables that may affect the quality of these outcomes, including volunteers' language capacity and the intensity of the service placement.
Regulation by interdomain communication of a headful packaging nuclease from bacteriophage T4

In genome packaging by tailed bacteriophages and herpesviruses, a concatemeric DNA is cut and inserted into an empty procapsid. A series of cuts follow the encapsidation of each unit-length 'headful' genome, but the mechanisms by which cutting is coupled to packaging are not understood. Here we report the first biochemical characterization of a headful nuclease from bacteriophage T4. Our results show that the T4 nuclease, which resides in the C-terminal domain of large 'terminase' gp17, is a weak endonuclease and regulated by a variety of factors; Mg, NaCl, ATP, small terminase gp16 and N-terminal ATPase domain. The small terminase, which stimulates gp17-ATPase, also stimulates nuclease in the presence of ATP but inhibits in the absence of ATP suggesting interdomain crosstalk. Comparison of the 'relaxed' and 'tensed' states of the motor show that a number of basic residues lining the nuclease groove are positioned to interact with DNA in the tensed state but change their positions in the relaxed state. These results suggest that conformational changes in the ATPase center remodel the nuclease center via an interdomain 'communication track'. This might be a common regulatory mechanism for coupling DNA cutting to DNA packaging among the headful packaging nucleases from dsDNA viruses.
Modelling phytoplankton deposition to Chesapeake Bay sediments during winter-spring: interannual variability in relation to river flow

Abstract The often-rapid deposition of phytoplankton to sediments at the end of the spring phytoplankton bloom is an important component of benthic–pelagic coupling in temperate and high latitude estuaries and other aquatic systems. However, quantifying the flux is difficult, particularly in spatially heterogeneous environments. Surficial sediment chlorophyll- a , which can be measured quickly at many locations, has been used effectively by previous studies as an indicator of phytoplankton deposition to estuarine sediments. In this study, surficial sediment chlorophyll- a was quantified in late spring at 20–50 locations throughout Chesapeake Bay for 8 years (1993–2000). A model was developed to estimate chlorophyll- a deposition to sediments using these measurements, while accounting for chlorophyll- a degradation during the time between deposition and sampling. Carbon flux was derived from these estimates via C:chl- a = 75. Bay-wide, the accumulation of chlorophyll- a on sediments by late spring averaged 171 mg m −2 , from which the chlorophyll- a and carbon sinking fluxes, respectively, were estimated to be 353 mg m −2 and 26.5 gC m −2 . These deposition estimates were ∼50% of estimates based on a sediment trap study in the mid-Bay. During 1993–2000, the highest average chlorophyll- a flux was in the mid-Bay (248 mg m −2 ), while the lowest was in the lower Bay (191 mg m −2 ). Winter–spring average river flow was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass in the lower Bay water column, while phytoplankton biomass in that same region of the Bay was correlated with increased chlorophyll- a deposition to sediments. Responses in other regions of the Bay were less clear and suggested that the concept that nutrient enrichment in high flow years leads to greater phytoplankton deposition to sediments may be an oversimplification. A comparison of the carbon flux associated with the deposition of the spring bloom with annual benthic carbon budgets indicated that the spring bloom did not contribute a disproportionately large fraction of annual carbon inputs to Chesapeake Bay sediments. Regional patterns in chlorophyll- a deposition did not correspond with the strong regional patterns that have been found for plankton net community metabolism during spring.
Is There a Place for Character Education

Recent trends in school curricula place a heavy focus on the improvement of basic skills test scores. As a result, the role of character education has been diminished. This article provides a rationale for the incorporation of a character education program within the school curricula, a working definition of character education, and the role of teachers and parents within a character education program.
The challenge of funding fundraising

Universities use various mechanisms to fund the development operation, including gift taxes, management fees, unrestricted giving, and earnings on cash holdings. Much in the way of planning how best to fund fundraising is required before you hire a single major gift officer or start an annual giving program.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder: Irregular Sleep Wake Rhythm

Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder (ISWRD) is characterized by the relative absence of a circadian pattern in an individual's sleep–wake cycle. ISWRD is thought to result from some combination of degeneration or decreased neuronal activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, decreased responsiveness of the circadian clock to entraining agents such as light and activity, and decreased exposure to bright light and structured social and physical activity during the day. Studies of the effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for ISWRD generally have yielded negative or inconsistent results. In general multimodal nonpharmacologic approaches involving increased exposure to light, increased physical and social activities, and improved sleep hygiene have been the most successful therapeutic approaches.
Design of cyclic peptides that bind protein surfaces with antibody-like affinity.

There is a pressing need for new molecular tools to target protein surfaces with high affinity and specificity. Here, we describe cyclic messenger RNA display with a trillion-member covalent peptide macrocycle library. Using this library, we have designed a number of high-affinity, redox-insensitive, cyclic peptides that target the signaling protein Gαi1. In addition to cyclization, our library construction took advantage of an expanded genetic code, utilizing nonsense suppression to insert N-methylphenylalanine as a 21st amino acid. The designed macrocycles exhibit several intriguing features. First, the core motif seen in all of the selected variants is the same and shares an identical context with respect to the macrocyclic scaffold, consistent with the idea that selection simultaneously optimizes both the cyclization chemistry and the structural placement of the binding epitope. Second, detailed characterization of one molecule, cyclic Gαi binding peptide (cycGiBP), demonstrates substantially enhanced proteolytic stability relative to that of the parent linear molecule. Third and perhaps most important, the cycGiBP peptide binds the target with very high affinity (K_i ≈ 2.1 nM), similar to those of many of the best monoclonal antibodies and higher than that of the βγ heterodimer, an endogenous Gαi1 ligand. Overall the work provides a general route to design novel, low-molecular-weight, high-affinity ligands that target protein surfaces.
A molecular phylogeny and classification of Bignoniaceae

Bignoniaceae are woody, trees, shrubs, and lianas found in all tropical fl oras of the world with lesser representation in temperate regions. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast sequences ( rbcL , ndhF , trnL-F ) were undertaken to infer evolutionary relationships in Bignoniaceae and to revise its classifi cation. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Bignonieae, Catalpeae, Coleeae, Crescentieae, Jacarandeae, Oroxyleae, Tecomeae, Tourrettieae); additional inclusive clades are named informally. Jacarandeae and Catalpeae are resurrected; the former is sister to the rest of the family, and the latter occupies an unresolved position within the “ core ” Bignoniaceae. Tribe Eccremocarpeae is included in Tourrettieae. Past classifi cations recognized a large Tecomeae, but this tribe is paraphyletic with respect to all other tribes. Here Tecomeae are reduced to a clade of approximately 12 genera with a worldwide distribution in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Two large clades, Bignonieae and Crescentiina, account for over 80% of the species in the family. Coleeae and Crescentieae are each included in larger clades, the Paleotropical alliance and Tabebuia alliance, respectively; each alliance includes a grade of taxa assigned to the traditional Tecomeae. Parsimony inference suggests that the family originated in the neotropics, with at least fi ve dispersal events leading to the Old World representatives.
Long-term effects of repeated urea fertilization in Douglas-fir stands on forest floor nitrogen pools and nitrogen mineralization

Abstract In six Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stands in the Puget Sound Region in Western Washington/USA, forest floor C and N pools were quantified on control plots and on plots that had been fertilized repeatedly with urea 8–30 years ago (total amount of applied N 0.9–1.1 Mg ha−1). Additionally, net N mineralization and nitrification rates were assessed in field and laboratory incubation experiments. Forest floor C/N ratios were decreased on the fertilized plots of all sites compared to the respective control plots. The decreases were particularly strong at sites with initial C/N ratios larger than 30. On sites with low productivity (site index at age 50: 30. For the investigated sites, fertilization effects on net N mineralization sustained for at least 11 years after the last fertilizer application. Nitrification correlated strongly with the forest floor pH; significant formation of NO3− was observed only for O layers with a pH (H2O) higher than 4.5.
Stress intensity factor evaluation from displacements along arbitrary crack tip radial lines for warped surface flaws

A finite element procedure has been established to calculate stress intensity factors from the displacements along an arbitrary crack tip radial line for a flaw with curved crack lines under mixed mode loadings. The quarter point crack tip singular element [1] makes any general purpose finite element program with proper elements a powerful tool for the stress intensity factor calculation of a complex geometry. This finite element has made the once formidable task of stress intensity factor calculation of the linear elastic fracture mechanics a simple stress analysis problem even for fully mixed mode three-dimensional geometries [2]. The most popular method to calculate the stress intensity factors using this crack tip singular element is to convert the crack line displacement solutions utilizing the analytical crack tip displacement expressions on a binormal plane of a crack front point (Figure 1). For a Mode I problem, therefore, the relationship between KI and nodal displacements in this conversion method is nothing but that of KI and the crack opening displacement.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW GUARDRAIL SYSTEM

The W-beam guardrail system has been the standard in the United States since the late 1950s and has proved to perform reasonably well under most impact conditions. However, in recent years the vehicle fleet has changed to include a relatively large percentage of light trucks, such as pickups, vans, and sport-utility vehicles. These vehicles have a higher center of mass and bumper mounting height than conventional automobiles and have been shown to have higher rollover and injury rates during guardrail accidents than conventional automobiles. Standard W-beam guardrails were not designed to capture the bumper of many of these vehicles. In recognition of the potential safety problems associated with light-truck accidents, safety performance standards were recently changed with the publication of NCHRP Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. These performance standards require all new safety hardware to be tested with a full-size three-quarter-ton pickup t...
Patient- and Device-Specific Risk Factors for Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter–Related Bloodstream Infections

Objective. To determine the patient- and device-specific risk factors for hospital-acquired peripherally inserted central venous catheter–related bloodstream infections (PICC BSIs) in adult patients.Design. Nested case-control study.Setting. Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,252-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.Patients. Adult patients with PICCs placed from January 1, 2006, through July 31, 2008.Methods. PICC BSI cases were identified using the National Healthcare Safety Network definition. Uninfected control patients with PICCs in place were randomly selected at a 3∶1 ratio. Patient- and device-related variables were examined using multivariate analysis.Results. The overall PICC BSI rate was 3.13 per 1,000 catheter-days. Independent risk factors for PICC BSIs included congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–3.17]; ), intra-abdominal perforation (OR, 5.66 [95% CI, 1.76–18.19]; ), Clostidium difficile infection (OR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.17–4.33]; ), recent chemotherapy (...
Male field crickets infested by parasitoid flies express phenotypes that may benefit the parasitoids

Parasites can cause changes in the phenotypes of their hosts that may benefit the parasite, the host, or both. To understand the evolutionary dynamics of host–parasite interactions it is necessary to first examine the effect of parasitic infestation on the host phenotype and whether the host or parasite benefits from these changes. The fly Ormia ochracea parasitizes the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, and it uses male song to locate hosts for its lethal larvae. Adult flies preferentially orient to male songs with faster and longer chirps. We tested the effect of larval infestation on two types of host traits. First, we tested whether infestation affects male singing activity and song characters. Infested males were significantly less likely to sing than noninfested males, and when they did sing, they sang less frequently. Infestation thus reduced a male’s ability to attract mates, which may benefit the parasitoid if mating activity increases predation, superparasitism and/or energetic costs for their hosts. No song character we measured, however, differed between infested and noninfested males. Second, we tested whether infestation affects host mass. Infested males gained more mass than noninfested males, which was not explained by the reduced singing of infested males. Importantly, parasitoids that developed in males that gained more mass were heavier as pupae, which may increase their viability and reproductive success as adults. These changes in the host may be beneficial side-effects of the pathology of parasitism, the result of a host-compensatory response, or the result of host manipulation by the parasitoid.
Communication between integrin receptors facilitates epicardial cell adhesion and matrix organization.

Formation of the epicardium requires interactions between α4β1 integrin, and the extracellular matrix. We investigated the role of other integrins expressed by epicardial cells. We detected transcripts for α5, α8, αv, β1, β3, and β5 integrins in the chick proepicardial organ (PE). We demonstrate that α5β1, α8β1, and αvβ3 integrins are expressed by chick epicardial mesothelial cells (EMCs). Migration of EMCs in vitro was reduced by RGD-containing peptides. Using adenoviruses expressing an antisense to chick α4 (AdGFPα4AS), full-length (Adhα4V5), and C-terminal deleted α4 (Adhα4ΔCV5), we found that EMCs were less able to adhere to vitronectin and fibronectin120 indicating that α4β1 plays a role in regulating EMC adhesion to ligands of α5β1, α8β1, and αvβ3. In Adhα4ΔCV5-infected EMCs, α5β1 was diminished in fibrillar adhesions and new FN matrix assembly was abnormal. We propose that cooperation between α4β1 and RGD integrins is important for EMC adhesion and subepicardial matrix formation. Developmental Dynamics 237:962–978, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Friction assisted solid state lap seam welding and additive manufacturing method

Abstract This paper describes results of seam welding of relatively high temperature melting materials, AISI 304, C-Mn steels, Ni-based alloys, CP Cu, CP Ni, Ti6Al4V and relatively low temperature melting material, AA6061. It describes the seam welding of multi-layered similar and dissimilar metallic sheets. The method described and involved advancing a rotating non-consumable rod (CP Mo or AISI 304) toward the upper sheet of a metallic stack clamped under pressure. As soon as the distal end of the rod touched the top portion of the upper metallic sheet, an axial force was applied. After an initial dwell time, the metallic stack moved horizontally relative to the stationery non-consumable rod by a desired length, thereby forming a metallurgical bond between the metallic sheets. Multi-track and multi-metal seam welds of high temperature metallic sheets, AISI 304, C-Mn steel, Nickel-based alloys, Cp Cu, Ti6Al4V and low temperature metallic sheets, AA6061 were obtained. Optical and scanning electron microscopy examination and 180 degree U-bend test indicated that defect free seam welds could be obtained with this method. Tensile- shear testing showed that the seam welds of AISI 304, C-Mn steel, Nickel-based alloy were stronger than the starting base metal counterparts while AA6061 was weaker due to softening. The metallurgical bonding at the interface between the metallic sheets was attributed to localized stick and slip at the interface, dynamic recrystallization and diffusion. The method developed can be used as a means of welding, cladding and additive manufacturing.
Water Quality Modeling in the Rio Chone Estuary

Abstract Water quality within the Rio Chone estuary, a seasonally inverse, tropical estuary, in Ecuador was characterized by modeling the distribution of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) within the water column. These two variables are modeled using modified advection-diffusion equations within a two-dimensional, laterally-averaged hydrodynamic model. The model includes sources of salt, BOD and DIN from shrimp mariculture ponds in the region surrounding the estuary. The model was successful in simulating seasonal concentrations in DIN and BOD over a range in source concentrations. Seasonal BOD measurements along the length of the estuary were coincident with dissolved oxygen concentrations in the estuary (high BOD generally corresponding to low dissolved oxygen). Results suggest that the citing of shrimp ponds near the head of the estuary should be avoided in order maintain estuarine water quality and to maximize production.
Out of Time: A Typology of Political Action

“Out of Time” unfolds a four box typology of political action based on four experiences of “time.” The horizontal axis of the typology (in Figure 1) distinguishes the possibility of political identity enduring in time from the view of political identity falling into time. The vertical axis distinguishes between political action solely oriented to the future, the source of both melancholy and hope, and political action “authorized” by present or past. Parts I and IX explore this typology. Three historical comparisons flesh this out. The first (II-III) focuses upon the occasions for political optimism and the strategies for coping with political “hard times” through a comparison of the Japanese socialist Masao Maruyama with the English conservative Michael Oakeshott. The second (IV-V) takes up the “remedies of time” in a comparison of Francois Furet on revolutionary consciousness in the French Revolution with Alexis de Tocqueville on democratic culture in America. The third (VI-VIII) seizes upon the 1929 Davos conversation between Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger to consider the historicist and non-historicist conceptions of action. VI-VIII also explores action anchored in legacy, which leads to a consideration of Hannah Arendt and of Abraham Lincoln as democratic leader.
User Acceptance of Footfall Analytics with Aggregated and Anonymized Mobile Phone Data

Monitoring and analyzing pedestrian traffic in and around retail stores has become an important tool for discovering underutilized operational and marketing opportunities of retail localities. Since a large proportion of pedestrians nowadays carry mobile phones, visual observation methods of the past could give way to cell-tower and WiFi based capture of passers-by, optionally augmented by aggregated or anonymized demographic data about them coming from their service providers. A major mobile phone operator recently announced the introduction of such a service in Germany, the U.K. and Brazil, but had to cancel its plans for Germany since the revelation caused nationwide privacy uproar.
Trademark Year in Review

This essay was written for two continuing legal education events in late 2014 and early 2015. It reviews developments in trademark law in 2013 and 2014, particularly with an eye toward developing trends.
Flat Panel Catheter Angiotomography of the Spinal Venous System: An Enhanced Venous Phase for Spinal Digital Subtraction Angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While spinal DSA remains the reference standard technique for spinovascular imaging, visualizing spinal veins remains challenging due to their small size and motion artifacts. This study evaluates the ability of FPCA to overcome these obstacles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three FPCAs, performed by intersegmental artery injections in 57 patients, were prospectively evaluated. Entrance skin doses were compared with standard spinal DSA runs, including a venous phase and cerebral FPCAs. FPCA contributions were stratified as 1) provided no added information, 2) complemented spinal DSA findings, 3) assisted therapy planning, and 4) contributed principal diagnostic findings. RESULTS: No complications were observed. Diagnoses included vascular malformations (44%), stroke (9%), venous anomalies (10%), other (9%), and unremarkable (28%). Mean entrance skin doses were of 419 mGy for FPCA, 161 mGy for spinal DSA with venous phase, and 309 mGy for cerebral FPCAs. FPCA contributed the principal diagnostic finding in 16 cases (25.4%), assisted therapy planning in 13 cases (20.6%), complemented spinal DSA findings in 12 cases (19.1%), and provided no additional information in 20 cases (31.7%). In 8 of these 20 cases, FPCA documented a spinal venous anatomy that was poorly visualized or not visualized on spinal DSA. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal FPCA is safe, with a moderate increase in radiation dose, compared with spinal DSA with venous phase or cerebral FPCA. It proved particularly valuable for therapy planning and the diagnosis of venous abnormalities. This study suggests that FPCA has an important role to play in the evaluation of the spinal venous system.
Home Energy Efficiency Retrofits and PV Provide Fuel for Our Cars

This article discusses energy efficiency retrofits and residential photovoltaic (PV) systems as well as the cost savings offered by increased driving of electric vehicles (EVs). The author details these cost savings and the association between home retrofitting and electric-powered cars. He also examines the potential savings and electricity demand that would result from changing all gasoline-fueled small cars in the U.S. to electric vehicles.
Magnetic and crystallographic properties of ZrM2−δZn20+δ (M=Cr–Cu)

Abstract Single crystals of the cubic Laves ternaries ZrM2−δZn20+δ (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1 ) have been synthesized using a self-flux method. The magnetic properties of these compounds were compared with structurally similar cubic binaries ZrM2 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu). A transition from local to itinerant moment magnetism was observed for M=Fe and M=Mn, while all other ternaries exhibit weakly para- or diamagnetic behavior. The local-to-itinerant crossover can be explained by a nearly two-fold increase of the M – M bond length dM–M in ZrM2−δZn20+δ compounds, as compared with the ZrM2 binaries. Additionally, we report two new compounds in this series ZrCrZn21 and ZrCu2Zn20. Analysis of crystallographic and magnetic trends in these materials will aid in understanding of magnetism in general and 3 d intermetallics in particular.
Laboratories in patient-centered units.

As part of a hospital pilot project evaluating decentralized patient-focused care, a new laboratory model was studied. Cross-trained personnel (nurses, medical technologists, radiology technologists, and respiratory therapists) performed high-volume, automated laboratory tests in a unit-based laboratory as part of their overall patient care duties. Testing performed in the patient-centered unit laboratory, in general, was comparable in quality to that reported by the hospital’s central laboratory.
Development of acromegaly in a patient with prolactinemia: a case study*

Les auteurs rapportent un cas clinique d'hyperprolactinemie traitee initialement avec succes par la bromocryptine et suivie d'un echappement avec developpement secondaire d'un tableau clinique d'acromegalie et d'une tumeur hypophysaire a GH et prolactine. Ce cas appelle a une surveillance reguliere des hyperprolactinemies traitees medicalement
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING FOR ACCOMMODATED STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: EFFECT OF DIFFERENCES IN PROFICIENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of similar vs. dissimilar proficiency distributions on uniform DIF detection on a statewide eighth grade mathematics assessment. Results from the similar- and...
Predicting the Self: Lessons from Schizophrenia

Newly developed Bayesian perspectives on schizophrenia hold out the promise that a common underlying mechanism can account for many, if not all, of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. If this is the case, then understanding how schizophrenic minds go awry could shine light on how healthy minds maintain a sense of self. This article investigates this Bayesian promise by examining whether the approach can indeed account for the difficulties with self-awareness experienced in schizophrenia. While I conclude that it cannot, I nonetheless maintain that understanding how the self breaks down in schizophrenia tells us much about how and why the self functions in normal human circumstances. I proceed first by recounting in some detail a Bayesian interpretation of perception, schizophrenia, and self-awareness, as well as some of the empirical data supporting this interpretation, then by exploring aspects of schizophrenia that this approach leaves out. I conclude by discussing what the “left out” aspects tell us about self-awareness, thereby (I hope) convincing the reader that studying patients with schizophrenia is indeed a useful avenue for understanding awareness of self.
Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flare in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy.

Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Here, we present a case of severe maternal morbidity in a 23-year-old primigravida with SLE and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome who experienced a life-threatening multisystem flare at 17 weeks of gestational age. She presented to the emergency department complaining of cough with hemoptysis and shortness of breath. She developed hypoxic respiratory failure and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Bronchoscopy confirmed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Physical exam and laboratory evaluation were consistent with an active SLE flare, pancytopenia, and new-onset lupus nephritis. After counseling regarding disease severity, poor prognosis, and recommendation for therapy with cytotoxic agents, she agreed to interruption of pregnancy which was achieved by medical induction. Her course was further complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy and generalized tonic-clonic seizures attributable to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome versus neuropsychiatric SLE. This case represents one of the most extreme manifestations of lupus disease activity associated with pregnancy that has been reported in the literature and emphasizes the importance of preconception evaluation and counseling and a multidisciplinary management approach in cases with a complex and evolving clinical course.
Worlds Old and New

Indianapolis, early summer. We're somewhere in the middle of Dvorak's Symphony #9?"from the new world" he said, as an afterthought? finished over a century ago. They're rehearsing all four movements but now it's the slow sad center where rising woodwinds, brass, and tim pani give way to the muted strings, a melody, a counter-melody, weave upon weave of a thing past sound and far into longing. These 100 or so musicians are young, mostly in high school, a few in junior high and a very few even younger than that?a youth orchestra then, the New World Youth Symphony Orchestra, aptly enough. And the sound is amazing really, full and rich and so much larger than this room. But now their conductor, Susan Kitterman, holds up her hand, gesturing stop stop, and the held notes fall like rain, the moment awkward, disori enting, the way one wakes from dream. Everyone looks up. Did you hear that? she says to them. Did you hear how beautiful that is? She looks down at the score for a second then back to her young players. That's why we play music, she tells them. I'm in the doorway, back behind the brass and percussion, nearly deafened sometimes by their sound. Yet the sound carries me. It helps that somewhere in the cello section, my son is part of all this. But I can't think past my joy. I can't put it into words.
Genitourinary Injuries (Excluding Kidney)

You get called to the ER tent for an “abdominal gunshot wound” and begin planning your laparotomy during the walk. When you arrive, you discover that the wound is actually a degloving of the pubic area with a large laceration and partial scrotal avulsion. Suddenly you are not so confident about what to do next. Many general surgeons will be deployed for extended periods of time without the assistance of a urologic surgeon. This chapter addresses the basic evaluation and management of lower genitourinary trauma for the surgeon when no urologist is available.
Institutional Integrity in Health Care: Essential for Organizational Ethics

Health care delivery has changed radically. Physicians no longer are independent agents who develop relationships with patients and, together with patients, make decisions about appropriate courses of treatment. Instead, health care organizations or institutions, including hospitals and health insurance companies, are powerful entities who greatly influence health care delivery, including decisions about who receives care, what type of care they receive, and when they receive it. Because they have entered the social world of relationships, health care organizations can now be seen as bearers of moral obligations subject to the possibility of acting in ways that are good and bad, right and wrong. As such, health care organizations are, in the words of Peter French, “proper subjects ... of moral assessment” (2003, p. 20). The need to focus on the moral obligations of health care organizations has not gone unnoticed. Ezekiel Emmanuel observed almost a decade ago that Managed care has fundamentally changed the nature of medical ethical issues. They no longer arise in the context of individual patients and physicians. Instead they arise in the context of complex institutions that establish an organizational framework in which these ethical issues arise. To address medical ethical issues, we must change our focus from articulating principles and rules that apply to individual cases to devising institutional structures that can ensure ethical behavior. (Emanuel, 1995, p. 338) Similarly, Kevin Wm. Wildes, S.J. has argued that bioethicists must focus not only individuals but on the institutions and the web of relationships and obligations involved in health care. He characterizes a bioethics that looks only at individuals and ignores institutions as inadequate (Wildes, 1997, p. 413).
Panels at MODELS 2008

Domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) are designed to provide precise abstractions of domain-specific constructs. Models for complex systems typically do not fit neatly within a single domain, however. Moreover, capturing all important aspects of such a system requires developing multiple models using different DSMLs. This panel will explore key challenges and promising solutions associated with combining DSML models into multi-models.
Fundamentals of Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Method

The Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) dimension reduction methodology models complex reacting systems within acceptable accuracy with a number of constraints \(N_c\), much smaller than the number of species \(N_s\), in the corresponding Detailed Kinetics Model (DKM). It describes the time evolution of chemical kinetics systems using a sequence of constrained-equilibrium states specified by the chosen constraints. The comprehensive chemical composition at each constrained-equilibrium state is determined by maximizing entropy (or minimizing Gibbs free energies) given the instantaneous values of the constraints. RCCE guarantees final equilibrium concentrations since Lagrange multipliers of all non-elemental constraints will be zero at final state. In this chapter, RCCE fundamentals, constraint and constraint potential representations, methods of initializing constraint potentials (non-dimensional Lagrange multipliers) as well as a brief discussion of RCCE constraint selection are presented. To show its accuracy against DKM, RCCE method is applied to \({\mathrm{H}_{2}}\)/\({\mathrm{O}_{2}}\) and \({\mathrm{CH}_{4}}\)/\({\mathrm{O}_{2}}\) zero-dimensional, constant energy/volume combustion over a wide range of initial conditions. The results show that both mixture results are in excellent agreement with the DKM predictions.