cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 is the constitutive and dominant isoform in cultured human lung epithelial cells

Two isoforms of prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS; prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, cyclooxygenase) have been identified; PGHS-1 is expressed constitutively in most tissues, whereas PGHS-2 is thought to be induced by various proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we determined which isoform of PGHS mRNA, protein, and activity was present constitutively in A549 (a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line) and in untransformed (normal human bronchial epithelial or NHBE) and transformed (16HBE4o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. Two PGHS-2-specific inhibitors, NS-398 and L-745, 337, blocked the release of prostaglandin E2 from A549 cells with mean inhibitory concentrations of 5 and 18 nM, respectively, but did not inhibit its release from human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC) at a concentration of 10 microM. Northern and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that BSMC expressed PGHS-1 mRNA and protein constitutively, whereas epithelial cells expressed PGHS-2 mRNA and protein constitutively with either undetectable (A549, 16HBE4o-) or very low levels (NHBE) of PGHS-1. We conclude that PGHS-2 is the dominant PGHS isoform in unstimulated and stimulated lung epithelial cells in culture.
Digital logic design for computer science students

A typical computer science curriculum does not include a hands-on digital logic design course, because it is usually an electrical engineering subject. However, readily available inexpensive FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) allow us to teach digital systems design to computer science majors who have had little or no exposure to electrical engineering. This paper describes our use of FPGA to teach CPU design in a laboratory-based course. The course introduces industrial practice of digital systems designing to the students and prepares them for advanced digital systems studies and the career opportunities.
Strategic management of intellectual property: : an integrated approach.

In many organizations, the R&D, strategy, and legal functions are poorly integrated. As a consequence, firms miss opportunities to create and exploit the value of intellectual property. Functional silos are one reason for the lack of integration. More important, however, is the lack of a common framework and even language that would allow engineers, lawyers, and business executives to manage IP assets better. This article provides such a framework. There is no one best way to manage IP and many managers overestimate the attractiveness of using IP to exert market power. Rather, the value of the various means to protect and benefit from IP depends on firm strategy, the competitive landscape, and the rapidly changing contours of intellectual property law.
Distributed dynamic reinforcement of efficient outcomes in multiagent coordination

We consider the problem of achieving distributed convergence to coordination in a multiagent environment. Each agent is modeled as a learning automaton which repeatedly interacts with an unknown environment, receives a reward, and updates the probabilities of its next action based on its own previous actions and received rewards. In this class of problems, more than one stable equilibrium (i.e., coordination structure) exists. We analyze the dynamic behavior of the distributed system in terms of convergence to an efficient equilibrium, suitably defined. In particular, we analyze the effect of dynamic processing on convergence properties, where agents include the derivative of their own reward into the decision process (i.e., derivative action). We show that derivative action can be used as an equilibrium selection scheme by appropriately adjusting derivative feedback gains.
Voltage buffer compensation using Flipped Voltage Follower in a two-stage CMOS op-amp

In Miller and current buffer compensation techniques, the compensation capacitor often loads the output node. If a voltage buffer is used in feedback, the compensation capacitor obviates the loading on the output node. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of a voltage buffer compensation using a Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF) for stabilizing a two-stage CMOS op-amp. The op-amps are implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process with a power supply of 1.8V while operating with a quiescent current of 110µA. Results indicate that the proposed voltage buffer compensation using FVF improves the Unity Gain Frequency from 5.5MHz to 12.2MHz compared to Miller compensation. Also, the proposed technique enhances the transient response while lowering the compensation capacitance by 47% and 17.7% compared to Miller and common-drain compensation topologies. Utilization of FVF or its variants as a voltage buffer in a feedback compensation network has wide potential applications in the analog design space.
Fidelity of Passive Phase Conjugators

Three types of self-pumped (passive) phase conjugators are experimentally examined, contrasting their abilities to perform aberration correction on an optically distorted laser beam. The passive ring conjugator is compared with a Sagnac interferometric retroreflector and the phase-conjugating nature of the device is qualitatively explained.
Left ventricular pressure-volume relations with transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection: Comparison with conductance-catheter technique

Pressure-volume relations are important means used to assess left ventricular (LV) contractility; however, on-line volume acquisition has been limited to the invasive conductance catheter. The objective was to compare simultaneous measures of LV volume by transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection (ABD) and conductance catheter and their respective pressure-volume relations during steady state and alterations in preload and contractility. Seven dogs had placement of high-fidelity pressure and conductance catheters, a vena caval balloon occluder, and a transesophageal probe. An automated Simpson's rule volume algorithm was used from the transverse four-chamber view. Inotropic modulation was induced with dobutamine in four dogs and propranolol in three. Relative changes in ABD volume were linearly related to conductance volume at steady state with group mean r = 0.93 +/- 0.03, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 10 +/- 2%. Changes in end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke work with caval occlusion were also significantly correlated:r = 0.93 =/- 0.04, SEE = 3.6 ml; r = 0.89 +/- 0.04, SEE = 3.8 +/- 1.9 ml; and r = 0.86 +/- 0.05, SEE = 40 +/- 21 mJ, respectively. The overall bias was for absolute ABD volume to be less. End-systolic and maximal elastance values by ABD were significantly higher than by the conductance method; baseline group average 4.97 +/- 0.92 mm Hg/ml versus 2.70 +/- 1.15 mm Hg/ml and 6.63 +/- 1.66 mm Hg/ml versus 3.20 +/- 1.37 mm Hg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. However, the direction and relative magnitude of changes in elastance with inotropic modulation were similar.
An Early S Phase Checkpoint Is Regulated by the E2F1 Transcription Factor

Abstract The E2F1 transcription factor regulates transit of cells through the S phase checkpoint, dependent on its association with cyclin A/cdk2. Expression in cells of a mutant E2F1 lacking the cyclin A/cdk2 binding domain leads to partial arrest of cells at the S phase checkpoint. When subconfluent growing cells expressing this mutant E2F1 are analyzed in detail, it is shown here that they display a significantly reduced incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into the DNA of each S phase cell, compared to control cells or to cells overexpressing full-length E2F1. Further, when cells are blocked at the G1/S phase border and released, there is a clear reduction in the amount of 3 H-thymidine incorporated into the DNA of S phase cells by 1.5 hours post release. Considering a normal 6 hour S phase duration, the results show that the S phase checkpoint mediated by E2F1 is not a late S phase event but an early one.
Effect of Addition of Chloride Salts on Rancidity of Ground Pork Inoculated with a Moraxella or a Lactobacillus Species

Two experiments were conducted to determine rancidity development in raw-refrigerated ground pork treated with different types and levels of chloride salts. In the first experiment, raw ground pork was inoculated with either a Moraxella or a Lactobacillus species. In the second experiment, samples were not inoculated. In both experiments, samples were treated with either NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 at ionic strength of either 0.73 or 0.37 and stored at 5°C. Regardless of inoculation, in both experiments addition of any chloride salt increased (P < 0.05) TBA values over those values for controls (no added salt). Addition of NaCl resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) TBA values among inoculated samples, but these differences were not apparent for noninoculated samples.
TGFβ inhibition of Cdk4 synthesis is linked to cell cycle arrest

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) causes G1 growth arrest and the accumulation of unphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in responsive cells. Cdk4 (cyclin-dependent kinase), a major catalytic subunit of the mammalian D-type G1 cyclins, can phosphorylate Rb in vitro, and at least one D-type cyclin, D2, directs the phosphorylation of Rb in vivo. Here we show that TGF beta 1 induces suppression of cdk4 synthesis in G1 in mink lung epithelial cells. Constitutive cdk4 synthesis in these cells led to TGF beta 1 resistance. It also resulted in growth in low serum medium when these cells were released from contact inhibition. Cdk2 activity was also suppressed by TGF beta 1 action, but its constitutive expression failed to override a TGF beta 1-induced G1 block. Hence, the TGF beta 1 block is primarily mediated by cdk4 modulation. Further evidence suggests that TGF beta 1-induced down-modulation of cdk4 leads to inhibition of cdk2 activation and that both events might contribute to TGF beta 1 growth suppression.
Exact computation of the small-fluctuation determinant around a sphaleron.

We compute exactly, in the high-temperature limit, the determinant $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ of small fluctuations around the sphaleron configuration of electroweak theory, exploiting the symmetry of the sphaleron under spatial rotations combined with isospin and custodial SU(2) transformations. For the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ of scalar four-point coupling $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to gauge coupling ${g}^{2}$ near unity, we find that $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ is 0.03. For $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ large corresponding to a strongly coupled Higgs phase, or for $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ very small tending to the Coleman-Weinberg limit, we find that the determinant strongly suppresses the rate of baryon-number-changing processes.
Tunable Plasmonic Resonances in Two-Dimensional Arrays via Nanoparticle Height Control

Experimental and theoretical investigations show that the collective plasmonic resonances of two-dimensional silver nanoparticle arrays can be effectively blue-shifted by increasing the particle height while still maintaining large field enhancements and small absorption losses.
ANALYTICAL DYNAMICS OF PERIOD-m FLOWS AND CHAOS IN NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

In this paper, the analytical solutions for period-m flows and chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems are presented through the generalized harmonic balance method. The nonlinear damping, periodically forced, Duffing oscillator was investigated as an example to demonstrate the analytical solutions of periodic motions and chaos. Through this investigation, the mechanism for a period-m motion jumping to another period-n motion in numerical computation is found. In this problem, the Hopf bifurcation of periodic motions is equivalent to the period-doubling bifurcation via Poincare mappings of dynamical systems. The stable and unstable period-m motions can be obtained analytically. Even more, the stable and unstable chaotic motions can be achieved analytically. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear vibration systems, which is independent of small parameters.
Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy α-Synuclein Expression in Oligodendrocytes Causes Glial and Neuronal Degeneration

Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein in oligodendrocytes under the control of the 2,' 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter are shown here to recapitulate features of multiple system atrophy (MSA), including the accumulation of filamentous human alpha-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes linked to their degeneration and autophagocytosis of myelin. Significantly, endogenous mouse alpha-synuclein also accumulated in normal and degenerating axons and axon terminals in association with oligodendroglia and neuron loss and slowly progressive motor impairments. Our studies demonstrate that overexpression of alpha-synuclein in oligodendrocytes of mice results in MSA-like degeneration in the CNS and that alpha-synuclein inclusions in oligodendrocytes participate in the degeneration of neurons in MSA.
Shape optimization for a composite crack-length sensor

Techniques for improving the sensitivity of a carbon powder-polymer composite continuous crack-length sensor are examined. These conductive polymeric sensors can be used as crack-length gages, the shape of which can be varied in certain ways to improve their sensitivity. It is concluded that the gages with optimized or tapered shape are capable of overcoming the principal disadvantage of rectangular gages, i.e., poor sensitivity at small crack length.
ATP6V0C knockdown in neuroblastoma cells alters autophagy-lysosome pathway function and metabolism of proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disease.

ATP6V0C is the bafilomycin A1-binding subunit of vacuolar ATPase, an enzyme complex that critically regulates vesicular acidification. We and others have shown previously that bafilomycin A1 regulates cell viability, autophagic flux and metabolism of proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disease. To determine the importance of ATP6V0C for autophagy-lysosome pathway function, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated to a neuronal phenotype were nucleofected with non-target or ATP6V0C siRNA and following recovery were treated with either vehicle or bafilomycin A1 (0.3–100 nM) for 48 h. ATP6V0C knockdown was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and by a significant decrease in Lysostracker Red staining. ATP6V0C knockdown significantly increased basal levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), α-synuclein high molecular weight species and APP C-terminal fragments, and inhibited autophagic flux. Enhanced LC3 and LAMP-1 co-localization following knockdown suggests that autophagic flux was inhibited in part due to lysosomal degradation and not by a block in vesicular fusion. Knockdown of ATP6V0C also sensitized cells to the accumulation of autophagy substrates and a reduction in neurite length following treatment with 1 nM bafilomycin A1, a concentration that did not produce such alterations in non-target control cells. Reduced neurite length and the percentage of propidium iodide-positive dead cells were also significantly greater following treatment with 3 nM bafilomycin A1. Together these results indicate a role for ATP6V0C in maintaining constitutive and stress-induced ALP function, in particular the metabolism of substrates that accumulate in age-related neurodegenerative disease and may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Conditions for rapid sex determination in 47 avian species by PCR of genomic DNA from blood, shell-membrane blood vessels, and feathers

The ability to rapidly and reliably determine the sex of birds is very important for successful captive-bird breeding programs, as well as for field research. Visual inspection of adult birds is sufficient for sexually dimorphic species, but nestlings and monomorphic species are difficult, if not impossible, to sex by sight only. A method for rapid extraction of gDNA from blood, shell-membrane blood vessels, and fully grown feathers, using Chelex, and the PCR conditions for determination of sex-specific bands in 47 species (39 genera, 21 families, and 10 orders) are described. The PCR primers used amplify a length of DNA spanning an intron in the CHD-1 gene, which is present on both the W and Z chromosomes. The intron differs in size between the two sex chromosomes, resulting in PCR products that separate into two bands for females and a single band for males in most avian species (except ratites). Because this simple technique uses Chelex, a rapid gDNA isolation protocol, and sets of PCR primers independent of restriction enzyme digestion, birds can be accurately sexed within 5 hr of sample collection. Zoo Biol 22:561–571, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Telecommunications networks and protocols for the USAVRE

The U.S. Army Medical Command, lead by the Brooke Army Medical Center, has embarked on a futuristic project that will revolutionize the practice of teleradiology in the DoD. The U.S. Army Virtual Radiology Environment (USAVRE) is a CONUS- based network that connects all the Army's major medical centers and Regional Medical Commands (RMC). The purpose of the USAVRE is to improve the quality, access, and cost of radiology services in the Army via the use of state-of-the-art medical imaging, computer, and networking technologies. The USAVRE contains multimedia-viewing workstations for static and dynamic modality cases. The storage and archiving systems are based on a distributed computing environment using Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) middleware protocols. Collaborations between archive centers and viewing workstations are managed by CORBA functions and multimedia object streams. The underlying telecommunications network is an ATM-based backbone network that connects to the RMC regional networks and PACS networks at medical centers and RMC clinics. The U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command (USAISEC) at Ft. Huachuca, AZ is responsible for the ATM backbone network to the RMC sites. This project is a collaborative effort between Army, university, and industry centers with expertise in teleradiology and Global PACS applications. This paper describes the telecommunications backbone network architecture for the Cable Bundling Initiative (CBI) being deployed by the Technology Integration Center. The U.S. Army U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command (USAISEC) at Ft. Huachuca, AZ has begun deployment of a 45 Mbps backbone network called the Cable Bundling Initiative (CBI). The CBI backbone is upgradable to OC-3 (155 Mbps) and OC-12 (622 Mbps) transmission links. A goal of CBI is to bundle the dedicated networks and support all MACOMs in the transition to a DISN ATM-based network in the future. The CBI is a candidate backbone for the USAVRE. The current connections of the CBI backbone include a triangle topology between Ft. Leavenworth, KS, Ft. Belvoir, VA, and Ft. McPherson, GA. There are T1 star topology connections to these three hubs to other Army bases in the hub regions. CBI is poised to upgrade to ATM-based technology and 155 Mbps (OC-3) links and higher. A requirements analysis is being conducted to determine which Army Medical Treatment Facilities need to connect to the CBI topology to exchange teleradiology services. An alternative architecture for the VRE backbone is MEDNet, a network of partially interconnected T1 links to Army bases. This paper describes the ATM technology components and fiber optic transmission links of the CBI backbone and the base-level ATM-based sub-networks. The Technology Integration Center (TIC) at USAISEC has been deploying the CBI backbone since 1995. Demonstrations of multimedia teleradiology will be been conducted over the CBI network. This paper presents data on the planned demonstrations.
Characterization of recombinant BHK-21 endogenous particles: R-type particles.

Abstract Abstract. R-particles are morphologically unique, non-infectious, virus-like particles present in Syrian hamster cells, including recombinant BHK-21 cells. Hybridization and induction studies were employed to confirm and extend literature observations on the genetic relationship between R-particles and intracisternal A particles (IAPs). Dot blot hybridization techniques using lAP probes were developed to estimate the concentration of R-particles in culture fluids and in-process fractions in the purification of recombinant Factor VIII. From these studies it was determined that R-particles are removed to undetectable levels at an early step in the purification process. It was concluded from these data, the known lability and the lack of evident biological activity, that R-particles do not present a safety hazard for the production of Factor VIII.
Response of parasitoid Eucelatoria bryani to selected plant material in an olfactometer.

The response of the parasitoidEucelatoria bryani Sabrosky to fresh plant material and several plant extracts was examined in an olfactometer. The plants tested can serve as a food source for hosts (Heliothis spp.) of the parasitoid. Females responded positively to 13 of the 19 fresh plant tissues tested, and all of the extracts tested. Males responded to only two of the fresh plant tissues and to none of the extracts. The significance of plant variety, morphology, and phenology on the host habitat-selection behavior of this parasitoid is discussed.
The Coronary Care Unit Revisited: Three Years' Experience in a Community Hospital

Reappraisal of a community coronary care unit (CCU) after three years of operation revealed an overall mortality rate of 14.4 percent in 319 patients with myocardial infarction. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest was reduced from 8.6 percent to 2.9 percent and the majority of patients were successfully revived. Cardiogenic shock and heart failure accounted for 60 percent of all deaths. Tachyarrhythmias occurred most frequently in the group that died. Emphasis has been placed on early and aggressive treatment of all arrhythmias as well as early treatment of heart failure. Prevention of sudden death must be the goal not only of the CCU but also of the emergency room and medical floor through the application of extended monitoring and improved nursing care. The community CCU can operate effectively with results comparable to larger medical centers.
Diatomaceous earth for confused flour beetle and rice weevil control in rough, brown, and milled rice.

A diatomaceous earth produced 100% mortality in rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, exposed for 21 days in rough rice treated with dosages of 1.75 and 3.5 g/kg, respectively. Milled and brown rice required dosages of 3.5 and 5.25 g/kg, respectively, to effect 100% rice weevil mortality. More than 56 days were required to effect 100% mortality in confused flour beetles in brown rice treated with 7.0 g/kg. Lower mortalities in milled and brown rice appeared to result from saturation of the diatomaceous earth by oils from the surface of the lice kernels. In brown rice, aged treatments produced lower rice weevil mortalities than did fresh treatments, and preconditioning of the dust by exposing it to milled or brown rice rendered it less effective against confused flour beetles when it was removed after 21 days and applied to rough rice.
Relationships between soybean components and tofu texture.

Tofu was prepared from samples of Amsoy 71 and Vinton or Vinton 81 soybeans grown in different environments. Relationships between soybean, soymilk and tofu protein, lipid, phytic acid, calcium, copper and iron were examined. All components except lipid in soybeans were significantly correlated with the same component in soymilk, but only phytic acid, copper and iron were significantly correlated in soybeans and tofu (moist basis). When relationships were examined on a dry basis, soybean and tofu protein were significantly correlated (r = 0.93). Soybean phytic acid was significantly correlated with tofu calcium (r = 0.90). Tofu calcium and hardness (r = 0.73) and springiness (r = 0.83). were significantly related, and tofu protein was significantly related to fracturability (r = 0.75). The higher-protein varieties (Vinton/Vinton 81) generally produced tofu that had a higher protein content and a firmer, more springy texture than that of the Amsoy 71 beans. Phytic acid may preferentially bind the calcium coagulant, altering the curd structure and the yield, composition and texture of the resulting tofu.
Reaction of Mo2(O2CME)2Cl2(dppe) with pyridine; structural characterizations of the products of Mo2Cl2(OAc)2Py2 and MoOCl2(dppe)(Py)

Abstract By layering a CH2Cl2/pyridine solution of Mo2Cl2(OAc)2(dppe) with n-hexane, two different kinds of crystals were obtained, both of which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for Mo2Cl2(OAc)2Py2 (1): P 1 , a=11.979(2), b=13.977(3), c=9.036(1) A, α=103.15(1), β=94.46(1), γ=115.12(1)°, V=1307.5(4) A3, Z=2. Final residuals for 1: R=0.0493, Rw=0.0660. Crystal data for MoOCl2(dppe)(Py) (2): P21/c, a=11.480(2), b=17.854(2), c=15.693(2) A, β=115.51(1)°, V=2982.3(7) A3, Z=4. Final residuals for 2: R=0.0458, Rw=0.0769. The molecules of 1 were found to be linked by two ClMo bridges (3.018 and 3.082 A) into infinite chains.
Some Invariance Principles and Central Limit Theorems for Dependent Heterogeneous Processes

Building on work of McLeish, we present a number of invariance principles for doubly indexed arrays of stochastic processes which may exhibit considerable dependence, heterogeneity, and/or trending moments. In particular, we consider possibly time-varying functions of infinite histories of heterogeneous mixing processes and obtain general invariance results, with central limit theorems following as corollaries. These results are formulated so as to apply to economic time series, which may exhibit some or all of the features allowed in our theorems. Results are given for the case of both scalar and vector stochastic processes. Using an approach recently pioneered by Phillips, and Phillips and Durlauf, we apply our results to least squares estimation of unit root models.
Tensegrity and mechanotransduction

Summary Anyone who is skilled in the art of physical therapy knows that the mechanical properties, behavior and movement of our bodies are as important for human health as chemicals and genes. However, only recently have scientists and physicians begun to appreciate the key role which mechanical forces play in biological control at the molecular and cellular levels. This article provides a brief overview of a lecture presented at the First International Fascia Research Congress that convened at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA on October 4, 2007. In this lecture, I described what we have learned over the past 30 years as a result of our research focused on the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense mechanical forces and convert them into changes in intracellular biochemistry and gene expression—a process called "mechanotransduction". This work has revealed that molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and our entire bodies use "tensegrity" architecture to mechanically stabilize their shape, and to seamlessly integrate structure and function at all size scales. Through the use of this tension-dependent building system, mechanical forces applied at the macroscale produce changes in biochemistry and gene expression within individual living cells. This structure-based system provides a mechanistic basis to explain how application of physical therapies might influence cell and tissue physiology.
Gravity-wave insights to Bianchi type-IX universes.

Every Bianchi type-IX universe can be interpreted as a closed Friedmann universe on which is superimposed circularly polarized gravitational waves with the longest wavelength that will fit into a closed universe. In this paper, I give a new derivation of this result based on the concept of homogeneous tensor fields on the three-sphere. Every homogeneous symmetric traceless tensor field is shown to be a longest-wavelength three-sphere harmonic. Contrary to previous authors, I show that the wavelength of these gravitational waves is one-half the circumference of the universe. In order to maintain homogeneity, the gravitational waves must all have the same polarization. There are five longest-wavelength modes for each polarization. This interpretation is an {ital exact} description that is valid for every Bianchi type-IX universe---it is in no way limited to first-order perturbations of a Friedmann universe.
Responses of green frog (Rana Clamitans) tadpoles to lead‐polluted water

Green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles were exposed to 0, 500, 750 and 1,000 μg Pb/L (as lead nitrate) for 6 d (144 h). Previous studies have shown that similar exposure to 750 or 1,000 μg Pb/L produces deficiencies in both acquisition and retention of learned responses in green frog tadpoles. We examined preference/avoidance responses and spontaneous locomotor activity of Pb-exposed and control tadpoles to plumes of Pb-polluted water at each concentration in an octagonal fluviarium. Results indicated no significant preference or avoidance of Pb by either control or Pb-exposed animals, and no significant effects on the amount of locomotor activity. However, there was significantly greater (p < 0.05; folded Ftest) variability in locomotor activity for tadpoles exposed to 750 and 1,000 μg Pb/L compared to control animals and to those exposed to 500 μg Pb/L.
Swelling of coal particles irradiated with well-characterized laser pulses

Abstract The unique ability of the laser to simulate the flame heating fluxes in conventional and high-intensity combustors was applied to the pyrolysis of single particles of hvA bituminous Pittsburgh No. 8 coal inside an electrodynamic balance (EDB) apparatus. The apparatus together with its associated measuring system provided a continuous and very effective analysis of the swelling behaviour of the coal particles. Evolution of heavy volatiles (condensable) during the heating process was time-resolved using high-speed (5000 frames per second) cinematography. An imaging system capable of analysing images from both a microscope and a video cassette player input was used to study the particle size changes. The swelling behaviour under these heating conditions appeared to be bimodal. Some of the particles swelled relatively little, with a maximum swelling ratio of 1.3, but for the majority the maximum swelling ratio was between 1.65 and 1.8. Neither the heating flux intensity nor the initial particle diameter appeared to influence the final swelling ratio significantly.
Cutaneous cytodestructive potency of lignans. I. A comparative evaluation of influence on epidermal and dermal DNA synthesis and on dermal microcirculation in the hairless mouse.

The four lignans: podophyllotoxin, 4'-demethyl-podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin and beta-peltatin represent the podophyllin ingredients believed to exert lesional necrosis after application to condylomata acuminata. This study comparatively evaluates cutaneous cytodestructive potency of these drugs, as evaluated by measurement of epidermal and dermal 3H-thymidine incorporation and injury of dermal microcirculation at intervals in the range of 9--168 h after application to hairless mouse skin. Influence on DNA-synthesis was measured using a disc technique for isolation of standardized skin areas followed by alkali extraction of DNA from respective tissues after separation through potassium bromide incubation. Any capillary injury was demonstrated by visual assessment of leakage of i.v. injected trypan blue to test areas. An analytical method compensating for variations in DNA synthesis in individual controls is presented. Using 0.5% preparations of the lignans, podophyllotoxin most consistently influenced the variables indicating cytodestructive effect, while 4'-demethyl-podophyllotoxin exerted the weakest degree of damage.
MONOVALENT CATION PERMEATION THROUGH THE CONNEXIN40 GAP JUNCTION CHANNEL: CS, RB, K, NA, LI, TEA, TMA, TBA, AND EFFECTS OF ANIONS BR, CL, F, ACETATE, ASPARTATE, GLUTAMATE, AND NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (gamma 1 in pS): CsC1 (153), RbC1 (148), KC1 (142), NaC1 (115), LiC1 (86), TMAC1 (71), TEAC1 (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt gamma j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO3 (157), KF (148), KC1 (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li+ are: Cs+ (1.38), Rb+ (1.32), K+ (1.31), Na+ (1.16), TMA+ (0.53), TEA+ (0.45), TBA+ (0.03), Cl- (0.19), glutamate+ (0.04), and NO(3)- (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 A from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.
Killer Fabrics for Scalable Datacenters

Most datacenter networks are based on specialized edge-core topologies, which are costly to build, difficult to maintain and consume too much power. We propose enhancements to layer-two (L2) Ethernet switches to enable multipath L2 routing in scalable datacenters. This replaces an expensive router with commodity switches. Our hash-based routing approach reuses and minimally extends hardware structures in high-volume switches, while exposing a powerful network management inter-face for multipath load balancing, QoS differentiation, and resilience to faults. Simulation results demonstrate near-optimal load balancing for uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns, and effective management of large datacenter networks independent of the number of traffic flows.
Evaluation of Fly Ash Stabilization of Recycled Asphalt Shingles for Use in Structural Fills

The majority of tear-off roofing shingles and manufacturing shingle scraps are currently disposed of as solid waste in landfills. Landfills are also the end place for the majority of coal combustion byproducts like fly ash. In this study, geotechnical properties of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) stabilized with a self-cementing fly ash (FA) for use as structural fill material were systematically evaluated. Com- paction, hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, shear strength, and coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) of stabilized RAS were evaluated. The maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) of RAS:FA mixtures varies between 11.3 kN=m 3 and 13.8 kN=m 3 qualifying them as light- weight fill material and the compaction curves are not sensitive to water content. The hydraulic conductivity of RAS:FA varies between 2 × 10 −4 cm=s and 3 × 10 −5 cm=s for FA content varying between 0% and 20% resulting in a largely drainable material. RAS has a friction angle (φ 0 ) of 36° and cohesion (c 0 ) of 24 kPa. Addition of 20% FA reduces the φ 0 to 33° but increases the c 0 to 100 kPa making it sufficiently strong as a fill material. However, compared to compacted sand, RAS is highly compressible. Stabilizing RAS with more than 10% of FA, keeps the long-term settlement of a typical highway embankment below the typical settlement limit. Stabilized RAS has a Ko below 0.1 indicating lower lateral pressures behind retaining walls compared to typical soils. Overall results indicate that RAS stabilized with FA has potential as a lightweight material for use as highway embankment fill or retaining wall backfill. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533 .0000558. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Recycling; Fly ash; Asphalts; Fills; Compaction; Embankments; Laboratory tests; Permeability. Author keywords: Recycled asphalt shingle; Fly ash; Structural fill; Engineering properties.
Photobleaching of native and exogenous (BPD-MA) fluorescence: an in-vivo tumor-bearing rat model

The photobleaching of the native fluorescence, as well as of the BPD-MA, an exogenous sensitizer, was measured in an in-vivo tumor bearing rat model. The photobleaching was evaluated in the time scale of seconds (approximately 0 sec - 30 sec) under continuous wave laser light irradiation at 441.6 nm. Three different sites were irradiated: the primary tumor, the mesenteric I lymph node, and the right medial iliac lymph node, at two excitation levels of 6.5 mW/mm2 (n equals 6), and approximately 35 mW/mm2 (n equals 6). Most of the fluorescence curves were adequately characterized by a biexponential decay. Increased levels of illumination were found to accelerate the photobleaching. No involvement of statistical significance of the irradiation site on the fluorescence decay was found.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thermopower of amorphous Si(Al)

Abstract Thermopower data for amorphous Si(Al) alloys from 230 to 500 K are reported and shown to be consistent with a two conduction mechanism model. Complementary optical absorption and electrical conductivity data are reported.
The nephroblastomatosis complex and its relationship to Wilms' tumor.

Abstract Nephroblastomatosis (NB), a persistence of abnormal embryonal renal tissue beyond 36 weeks' gestation, is often associated with Wilms' tumor. The exact relationship of NB to the development of Wilms' tumor is unclear. Four cases are presented that elucidate the entire morphological spectrum of this disease. Analyses of these cases suggest these conclusions: (1) the NB complex is a spectrum of lesions from benign multifocal nodular renal blastema, resembling residual nephrogenic zones of immature fetal kidney, to Wilms' tumor; (2) infantile NB is a premalignant variant of Wilms' tumor with a favorable outcome usually, when treated early; (3) neonatal nephromegaly requires a complete evaluation and follow-up imaging; persistence mandates biopsy; (4) "second-look" laparotomy is unnecessary with state-of-the-art imaging; and (5) standardization of terminology is essential.
Characterizing female bipolar alcoholic patients presenting for initial evaluation

This study examined gender differences of age and race-matched group of bipolar disorder (BPO) patients with comorbid alcohol dependence (AD; n = 65; males = 35, females = 30) to a group of BPO patients without comorbid AD (n = 61; males = 22, females = 39). The two groups were also similar on marital status and frequency of BPO subtypes. The results revealed that female bipolar alcoholic patients were more likely to report depressive symptoms as compared to either male bipolar alcoholics or both male and female non-alcoholic bipolar patients. When compared to male bipolar alcoholics, they had higher frequency of depressed mood, slow motor behavior, low self-esteem, decreased libido, decreased appetite, and higher general anxiety symptoms. On the other hand, female bipolar alcoholics differed from female non-alcoholic bipolar patients on reports of mood lability, depressed mood, low self-esteem, suicidal indicators, decreased libido, and general anxiety symptoms. These results raise the question of whether alcohol increases the frequency of depressive symptoms among female bipolar patients.
Glass Transition Phenomena in Melt-Processed Polystyrene/Polypropylene Blends

Blends of an amorphous and a semi-crystalline polymer—polystyrene and polypropylene, respectively— were prepared by melt processing in an extruder at 220°C. These polymers are known to be immiscible and the composite morphologies were characterized by electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Fine micronscale morphologies, ranging from 0.5 to 20 microns were observed. Thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis showed changes in both the polystyrene and polypropylene glass transition temperatures (Tg) over the composition range. The major effect was a sharp increase in polystyrene Tg with increasing polypropylene content in the blend. A Tg elevation of 5.5°C was observed at 85% polypropylene. The polypropylene Tg also increases with increasing polypropylene content, starting at a depressed value in discrete polypropylene domain environments and approaching the bulk polypropylene value after the phase inversion is crossed. Qualitative structural models are proposed based on spatial and mechanical interactions between the components. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1187–1193, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Fourier-Riccati approach to radiative transfer. I. Foundations.

The three-dimensional equation of radiative transfer is formally solved using a Fourier-Riccati approach while calculations are performed on cloudy media embedded in a two-dimensional space. An extension to Stephens' work this study addresses the coupling between space and angle asserted by the equation of transfer. In particular, the accuracy of the computed radiation field as it is influenced by the angular resolution of the phase function and spatial discretization of the cloudy medium is discussed. The necessity of using a large number of quadrature points to calculate fluxes even when the phase function is isotropic for media exhibiting vertical and horizontal inhomogeneities is demonstrated. Effects of incorrect spatial sampling on both radiance and flux fields are also quantified by example. Radiance and flux comparisons obtained by the Fourier-Riccati model and the independent pixel approximation for inhomogeneous cloudy media illustrate the inadequacy of the latter even for tenuous clouds.
Modeling of high voltage devices for ESD event simulation in SPICE

An ESD (electro-static-discharge) compact modeling methodology using a macro-modeling approach is introduced in this work for high voltage Lateral Double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) devices and new high-voltage protection clamps. The distinct characteristics of high voltage devices during high current/fast transient events are modeled without introducing convergence problems in ESD simulations for complex high voltage mixed-signal applications. The LDMOS ESD model consists of a sub-circuit that is built on top of the standard high-voltage MOS model (MOS20). The high voltage clamps, consisting of thyristor-type devices, are modeled using advanced bipolar junction transistor models.
Planning for an extensive open space system: linking landscape structure and function

Abstract Open space is a term used by landscape planners and landscape architects for land areas that are intentionally left unbuilt as fields and forests while the land around them is developed into buildings and pavement. When rural forested landscapes are developed, open space typically assumes a changed structure of remnant corridors, nodes, and patches of the pre-existing forest landscape matrix. The spatial configuration of these remnant open spaces typically reflects a response to land use controls and accidents of property boundary locations, rather than a concern for landscape structure and function. Landscape structure describes the spatial configuration of the open and developed elements of the landscape at various scales. Landscape function describes the flow of nutrients, species, and energy between these elements. This paper presents a strategy for planning the conception, implementation and management of an extensive open space system for a rural Massachusetts landscape based on key landscape ecological principles which recognize the importance of spatial configuration and the role of connectivity. This open space system is proposed as a key component of a sustainable landscape in which the future integrity of the landscape is guided by contemporary land use policies and practices. The system is ideally comprised of public and privately owned open space lands aggregated into a network that supports the maintenance and enhancement of landscape functions. It differs from most prior open space planning programs in the US in several respects: it is conceived at the landscape scale and addresses the importance of inter-scale connections, it is based on assessment procedures that link structure and function, and it recognizes both the positive (restorative) and negative role of human-induced change and disturbance in the landscape.
Insulin and Ascorbate Have a Much Greater Influence Than Transferrin and Selenous Acid on the Growth of Engineered Cartilage in Chondrogenic Media

Tissue engineering of cartilage, which is a much sought-after approach for treatment of osteoarthritis and cartilage defects, requires appreciable culture time. Chemically defined chondrogenic media (CM) are commonly employed as they offer a promising alternative to serum-based media, and often include insulin, transferrin, and selenous acid (ITS) as well as ascorbate [1]. Concentrations of ITS constituents have been optimized based upon their ability to stimulate proliferation of a variety of cell types [2]. However, little is reflected in the literature as to the influences of various ITS constituent concentrations upon cartilage matrix deposition by chondrocytes. In engineered cartilage constructs that seek to match compositional and mechanical properties of native cartilage, knowledge of such influences would be highly desirable, especially when optimizing nutrient, hormone and vitamin supply for large constructs wherein rates of transport and consumption become more critical. Furthermore, this information would prove useful in modeling growth and remodeling of engineered tissues. Therefore, this study seeks to elucidate mechanical and biochemical properties as a direct result of modulating ITS and ascorbate concentrations within chondrocyte-agarose constructs.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Chronic myelogenous leukemia: too much or too little growth, or both?

CML, characterized by the BCR/ABL gene rerrangement has been more extensively studied than any other malignancy. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in our understanding of BCR-ABL-induced alterations in intracellular signaling. Unfortunately, we still only poorly understand the correlation between the clinical symptoms of chronic phase CML and the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This is in part due to lack of a good in vivo animal model of chronic phase CML. In vivo and in vitro studies from the Clarkson group, recently reviewed in this journal (Leukemia 199711:1404-1428), have significantly enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of CML. However, further characterization of the effect of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein on signal molecules involved with cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell survival and cell adhesion in primary Ph + CML progenitors or in vivo models of CML will be needed to provide a full understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic phase CML.