cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-Call Radiology Resident Discrepancies: Categorization by Patient Location and Severity

Abstract Purpose To report discrepancy rates for examinations interpreted by on-call residents overall and by resident training level, and to describe a novel discrepancy classification system based on patient location and severity that facilitates recording of discrepancy data, helps ensure proper communication of report changes, and allows our radiology department to assume responsibility for contacting discharged patients with non-time-dependent results. Methods A HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board–exempt review of two years (January 2013 to December 2014) of discrepancy data was retrospectively performed for total number of examination interpreted, discrepancy rates, resident training level, and discrepancy categories. Most common diagnoses and means of results communication for discharged patients were also recorded. Results Radiology residents interpreted 153,420 examinations after hours and had 2169 discrepancies, for an overall discrepancy rate of 1.4%. Discrepancy rates for postgraduate year (PGY)-3, PGY-4, and PGY-5 residents were 1.31%, 1.65%, and 1.88%, respectively. The rate of critical discrepancies was extremely low (10/153,420 or 0.007%). A total of 502 patients (23.2% of all discrepancies) were discharged at the time their discrepancy was identified, 60% of whom had non-time-dependent discrepancies that were communicated by radiologists; 32.4% of these had addended results telephoned to a PCP, 43.4% had addended results telephoned to the patient, and the remaining 24.2% required a registered letter. Eight percent of patients with non-time-dependent findings were lost to follow-up. Conclusions Our resident discrepancy rates were comparable to those published previously, with extremely low rates of critical discrepancies. Radiologists assumed responsibility for contacting the majority of discharged patients with discrepant results, a minority of whom were lost to follow-up.
Left mainstem bronchial narrowing: a vascular compression syndrome? Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging.

Background and objective. Vascular compression of the left mainstem bronchus (LMSB) between the descending aorta (DA) and pulmonary artery (PA) has been suggested as a cause for LMSB narrowing in children. These anatomic relationships have not been compared with those in children with a normal LMSB. Materials and methods. We undertook a retrospective review of the medical and radiologic records of 10 symptomatic young children (1–19 months, 5 boys, 5 girls) with MR demonstration of LMSB narrowing and compared them to 40 young children without great vessel or bronchial abnormality on MR (1 week–19 months, 28 boys, 12 girls). Chest MR evaluation included assessment of airway and great vessel anatomy with specific attention to the course of the LMSB and its relationship to the adjacent DA and PA. The position of the DA in relation to the spine was carefully evaluated. Results. Five children had focal and five had diffuse LMSB narrowing. DA position at the level of the crossing LMSB: in 40 % of symptomatic children the DA was located in front of the adjacent vertebral body; in 40 %, 1/2–3/4 and in 20 % 1/4–1/2 of the circumference of the DA was located anterior to the spine. In the control group, the DA was prespinal in 10 %, with a trend toward a more paraspinal location of the DA. The trend toward a difference in position of the DA between symptomatic and control patients was statistically significant (P < 0.05). DA position was not related to age (up to 19 months). At the level where the LMSB crossed the DA, a segment of the PA was located anterior to the LMSB, more often the right PA (RPA) or pulmonary bifurcation in symptomatic children and the left PA (LPA) in controls. No correlation was apparent between length of LMSB narrowing and DA or PA position. Chest radiographic abnormalities, when present, were subtle. Excellent MR/bronchoscopic correlation of LMSB narrowing was found in nine of the ten symptomatic children. One child underwent posterior aortopexy and ligation of the ligamentum arteriosum. Conclusion. LMSB narrowing is well-defined by MR imaging. While a prespinal position of the DA occurs in some children as a normal variant, it is more common and more marked in children with LMSB narrowing. Vascular compression of the LMSB between an anteriorly positioned DA and the pulmonary artery appears to be important in children with symptomatic LMSB narrowing.
Neuropathology of Parkinson disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability and tremor. Several pathologic processes can produce this syndrome, but neurodegeneration accompanied by neuronal inclusions composed of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) is considered the typical pathologic correlate of PD. Methods The neuropathologic features of PD are reviewed based upon personal experience and review of the literature. Molecular pathology of PD is summarized from cell biological and animal studies. Results The pathologic feature that correlates with signs and symptoms of PD is neuronal loss in the substantia nigra with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. Neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra preferentially affects the ventrolateral cell group that projects to posterolateral putamen and is accompanied by formation of Lewy bodies composed of aggregated α-synuclein. Some patients with PD are found at autopsy to have other pathologic processes, such as multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and cerebrovascular disease (vascular Parkinsonism). The peripheral autonomic nervous system is also affected. The triggering event in PD is unknown, but recent studies suggest a role for loss of nuclear membrane integrity. Once α-synuclein aggregates forms, evidence supports cell-to-cell propagation. Conclusion PD is a multisystem synucleinopathy caused by poorly characterized genetic and environmental factors that produces degeneration in selectively vulnerable neuronal populations.
What mean these seeds: A comparative approach to archaeological seed analysis

Since uncharred seeds recovered from archaeological deposits may be modern intrusions, researchers must evaluate each uncharred seed assemblage before assigning archaeological significance to it. When depositional circumstances are established, seed remains can yield primary data about diet, farming practices, and the spread of imported cultigens. Three uncharred seed assemblages are evaluated— one from Morven (Princeton, New Jersey) and two from the Calvert site (Annapolis, Maryland). The Morven seeds are modern. Seeds from a dry crawl space at the Calvert site probably date to the late 18th century, but rodent disturbance could have introduced more recent materials. Waterlogged seeds from a sealed 18th century well most securely reflect 18th century debris.
Extension of the Viscous Collision Limiting Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Technique to Multiple Species

There are many flows fields that span a wide range of length scales where regions of both rarefied and continuum flow exist and neither direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) nor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide the appropriate solution everywhere. Recently, a new viscous collision limited (VCL) DSMC technique was proposed to incorporate effects of physical diffusion into collision limiter calculations to make the low Knudsen number regime normally limited to CFD more tractable for an all-particle technique. This original work had been derived for a single species gas. The current work extends the VCL-DSMC technique to gases with multiple species. Similar derivations were performed to equate numerical and physical transport coefficients. However, a more rigorous treatment of determining the mixture viscosity is applied. In the original work, consideration was given to internal energy non-equilibrium, and this is also extended in the current work to chemical non-equilibrium.
An Occupational Therapist–Led Yoga Intervention for Anxious Youth: Outcomes and Implications for Research and Practice

Date Presented 4/8/2016There is a need for effective, school-based mental health programs. Yoga is widely used and suited to address the needs of anxious children. Occupational therapists use yoga, are mental health experts, and are highly present in schools, making them essential to improving yoga
Aquatic food-web structure along a salinized dryland river.

Summary Very little is known about the ecosystem impacts of river salinization despite expectations for global increases in salinization with growing water demand and climate change. In some rivers in the southwestern United States, salinization has occurred as a result of natural saline inputs exacerbated by flow alteration and other anthropogenic impacts. Salinization in the Pecos River has been linked to declines in fish diversity, but impacts on the structure of aquatic food webs have not been investigated. We assessed variation in local food webs along the longitudinal gradient of the main stem Pecos River by estimating carbon sources, trophic positions and assemblage-wide trophic structure for aquatic consumers at 12 sites using stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N). Temporal variation across seasons was also examined for common fish species at a subset of sites. Consumer richness, food-chain length and assemblage-wide niche breadth were inversely related to specific conductivity. Mixing models revealed differences in sources of dietary carbon supporting fish production along the longitudinal fluvial gradient, with a shift towards reliance on algal production in the salinized reaches of the river. Trophic niche breadth was greatest for assemblages in less degraded sites with higher fish species richness. Local food webs in salinized sites were dominated by euryhaline species and had shorter food chains and narrower assemblage-wide niche breadths. Across seasons, δ13C and δ15N signatures remained fairly constant for five common fish species. Our results suggest that salinization in portions of the Pecos River constrains the diversity of consumers and trophic resources in local food webs. Characterising changes in food-web structure in relation to salinization and other environmental changes is important for habitat assessment, stream restoration and other conservation strategies.
A comparison of perceived and calculated weight status classification congruence between pre- and post-bariatric surgery patients

Abstract Background One prominent reason patients undergo bariatric surgery is to reduce their excess weight and body mass index. Weight status classifications (WSCs), based on calculated body mass index, organize patients into distinct groups (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, class I obesity, class II obesity, and class III obesity) for treatment recommendations, including surgery for patients with obesity. Bariatric patients' perceptions of their WSC is important to consider, because patients who accurately perceive their WSC presurgery have greater motivation for health behavior changes; alternatively, incongruence between perceived and calculated WSC could deter motivation and ultimately their health changes postsurgery. Objectives This study seeks to understand the congruence between patients' perceived and calculated WSC, and to determine if there are differences in congruence between groups of pre- or postsurgery, male and female, and emerging/early adulthood and middle/late adulthood patients. Setting University Hospital. Methods Self-report measures. Results Results indicate the presurgery patients were more congruent in their perceptions of WSC compared with their postsurgery peers and emerging/early adulthood patients were more congruent in their perceptions of WSC compared with middle/late adulthood patients. No gender differences emerged in the full sample, but when divided by surgical status, presurgery females reported more congruent perceptions of WSC compared with their postsurgery peers. Males did not differ in their rates of congruence. Conclusion These rates of incongruence may suggest a need for assessment of patients' perceived WSC, particularly postsurgery.
Unearthed lessons of 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (MW 7.8): geotechnical earthquake engineering perspectives

ABSTRACTGorkha earthquake (MW 7.8) of 25 April 2015 struck central, eastern and western Nepal and neighbouring areas. Enormous losses during Gorkha earthquake were attributed to collapse of 498,852 buildings, 446 public health facilities and partial damage of 256,697 buildings, 765 health facilities as well as severely affected 2900 cultural and historical sites. Anomalies were in particular observed in terms of localized damage and recurrent damages during 1833, 1934, 1988 and 2015 earthquakes. This paper reports geotechnical earthquake engineering observations noted during field reconnaissance conducted in affected areas. Damage reports from historical as well as recent Gorkha earthquakes are mapped in this paper. To depict lessons, forensic interpretations are presented considering 1833, 1934, 1988 and 2015 earthquakes.
Language or Tradition? Continuity and Innovation in the Landscape of Ticino

Tradition is a problematic word for those of us who argue for continuity in the historic European context. Apart from surviving vernacular construction, where tradition is both implicit and unselfconscious, architecture that aspires to dialogue with the past must engage it via language. Only the concept of an inherited architectural language—both a tradition and subject to constant change and evolution—can offer a credible framework for building with continuity. But not all manner of building constitutes a language, which perforce demands a degree of consensus and even codification in order to bind signified and signifier. Consensus can come from two sources: either the constant practice of a living tradition, or a canon of past achievements. In this paper I will describe the ways in which the TASIS Lugano campus plan and buildings operate with a classical notion of typology and language, informed by Renaissance humanist notions of form and meaning.
Association of Changing Hospital Readmission Rates With Mortality Rates After Hospital Discharge.

Importance The Affordable Care Act has led to US national reductions in hospital 30-day readmission rates for heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and pneumonia. Whether readmission reductions have had the unintended consequence of increasing mortality after hospitalization is unknown. Objective To examine the correlation of paired trends in hospital 30-day readmission rates and hospital 30-day mortality rates after discharge. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older hospitalized with HF, AMI, or pneumonia from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2014. Exposure Thirty-day risk-adjusted readmission rate (RARR). Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day RARRs and 30-day risk-adjusted mortality rates (RAMRs) after discharge were calculated for each condition in each month at each hospital in 2008 through 2014. Monthly trends in each hospital’s 30-day RARRs and 30-day RAMRs after discharge were examined for each condition. The weighted Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for hospitals’ paired monthly trends in 30-day RARRs and 30-day RAMRs after discharge for each condition. Results In 2008 through 2014, 2 962 554 hospitalizations for HF, 1 229 939 for AMI, and 2 544 530 for pneumonia were identified at 5016, 4772, and 5057 hospitals, respectively. In January 2008, mean hospital 30-day RARRs and 30-day RAMRs after discharge were 24.6% and 8.4% for HF, 19.3% and 7.6% for AMI, and 18.3% and 8.5% for pneumonia. Hospital 30-day RARRs declined in the aggregate across hospitals from 2008 through 2014; monthly changes in RARRs were −0.053% (95% CI, −0.055% to −0.051%) for HF, −0.044% (95% CI, −0.047% to −0.041%) for AMI, and −0.033% (95% CI, −0.035% to −0.031%) for pneumonia. In contrast, monthly aggregate changes across hospitals in hospital 30-day RAMRs after discharge varied by condition: HF, 0.008% (95% CI, 0.007% to 0.010%); AMI, −0.003% (95% CI, −0.005% to −0.001%); and pneumonia, 0.001% (95% CI, −0.001% to 0.003%). However, correlation coefficients in hospitals’ paired monthly changes in 30-day RARRs and 30-day RAMRs after discharge were weakly positive: HF, 0.066 (95% CI, 0.036 to 0.096); AMI, 0.067 (95% CI, 0.027 to 0.106); and pneumonia, 0.108 (95% CI, 0.079 to 0.137). Findings were similar in secondary analyses, including with alternate definitions of hospital mortality. Conclusions and Relevance Among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries hospitalized for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia, reductions in hospital 30-day readmission rates were weakly but significantly correlated with reductions in hospital 30-day mortality rates after discharge. These findings do not support increasing postdischarge mortality related to reducing hospital readmissions.
USE AND MULTIFACTORIAL RECONCILIATION OF UNIFACE REDUCTION MEASURES: A PILOT STUDY AT THE NOBLES POND PALEOINDIAN SITE

How much stone tools are reduced and their form changed from first use to discard bears upon issues such as typological integrity, curation rate, and effects of occupation span. But degree of reduction depends partly upon the measures used to gauge it. Most studies involve single indices that gauge reduction in different ways or at different scales, so results are difficult to compare between studies. In this pilot study, we compare four allometric reduction measures—one each based on length, length:thickness ratio, volume, and mass, estimated by comparing observed values in discarded tools to estimated original values—for consistency when applied to an endscraper sample from the Nobles Pond Paleoindian site in Ohio, USA. Fitted to the Weibull distribution, all measures suggest attrition compared to experimental controls, but variation among them demands reconciliation. A multifactorial method that weights individual measures by their principal-component loadings suggests attritional discard at increasing rate as reduction advances. More importantly, it addresses the growing problem of reconciling the many reduction measures in use, a major concern in this expanding research area.
The Difference of Topology Due to a False Critical Point at Infinity of the Third Kind

As we pointed out in [2] and earlier, the variational problemJon Cβis not Fredholm because the functionalJonly controls the a component of \(\dot x = a\xi + b\upsilon\)(the director to the curve) and its gradient only controls \(\smallint _0^tb\) in a weak sense (not even \(\smallint _0^1|b|\)). As we have shown in [2], this has several consequences: at any time t along a curve x(t) of Cβ we can add progressively to x a piece of v-orbit which we describe as moving back and forth very rapidly. The new curve \(\tilde x\) is not in Cs but it is easy to approximate it with curves of Cs; see [2], the introduction and pp. 234–244. Since α(v) is zero, J(\(\tilde x\)) is equal toJ(x). We may repeat such a construction as many times as we please and thus we are led to replace the curve x by a more complex object which is made of x with several back and forth runs along ±v-orbits at various points of x. The flow of [2] does not increase the number of zeros of b and controls \(\smallint _0^1|b|\) thus limiting, on decreasing deformation lines, the number of such fast runs along the v-orbits along x. However, they still take place and we have shown in [2] that they play a major role since, because of this phenomenon, some critical points or critical points at infinity may not induce any difference of topology in the level sets of the functional J; see [2], pp. 234—244. This occurs when, denoting cpsthe one-parameter group of v, for some to and some so, (necessarily bounded away from zero) \({a_{x({t_0})}}(D{\varphi _{ - {s_0}}}(\xi )) - 1\) is positive. Considering then a piece of v-orbit through x(t0), we can build the curve \(\tilde x(t)\) obtained by joining to x a back and forth run along this piece of v-orbit. Opening it up as in [2], pp. 234–244, and adding a tiny ξ-piece at the rest point (so along the v-orbit) along the back and forth run, we can build a decreasing deformation (in Cβ, after approximation) on a whole neighborhood of \(\tilde x(t)\) i.e., a non-Fredholm decreasing deformation for a neighborhood of x. When xis a critical point or a critical point at infinity, no difference of topology in the level sets ofJwill then occur because x • \(\tilde x(t)\) plays the role of another critical point or critical point at infinity cancellingx(hence of index equal to the index ofx + 1).
Patients with small and diminutive proximal hyperplastic polyps have higher rates of synchronous advanced neoplasia compared with patients without serrated lesions

Background and Aims The association of proximal small and diminutive hyperplastic polyps (HPs) with synchronous advanced neoplasia is not well-defined. However, sessile serrated polyps (SSPs), even when small, are known to portend a risk of synchronous neoplasia. Currently, the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer does not recommend a change in the surveillance interval when proximal small HPs are detected. We aimed to compare the rates of synchronous advanced neoplasia in a screening colonoscopy cohort of patients with small and then diminutive proximal HPs in comparison, first to a cohort absent any serrated or proximal HPs and then in comparison with a cohort with small proximal SSPs. Methods Consecutive screening colonoscopies were recorded between 2005 and 2010 at an academic medical center. Patients were divided into 3 mutually exclusive groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with at least 1 HP that was proximal to the sigmoid colon, Results There were 482 of 2569 patients (18.8%) with a small proximal HP who met the criteria for Group 1. The rate of synchronous advanced neoplasia in patients with a small proximal HP (61/482, 12.7%) was significantly greater compared with the average risk in the non-serrated cohort (Group 2, 133/1878, 7.1%; P P = 1.00). The rate of synchronous advanced neoplasia in patients with diminutive (≤5 mm) proximal HPs (51/404, 12.6%) was not significantly different from the rate observed with proximal SSPs of similar size (17/113, 15.0%; P = .529). Conclusion Patients with small and diminutive proximal HPs tend to harbor higher rates of synchronous advanced neoplasia compared with those without any serrated lesions detected on screening colonoscopy. Surveillance outcomes for metachronous advanced neoplasia for patients with small proximal HPs deserves further study. The synchronous advanced neoplasia rate in patients with proximal diminutive HPs is similar to that of proximal diminutive SSPs and could have implications in a resect and discard strategy.
Building with no end in sight: the theory and effects of prison architecture

The rise of mass incarceration necessitated increased investment in prisons. This increase occurred alongside of policy maker calls for greater government accountability and reliance on evidence-ba...
Finite element modeling of crack closure during simulated fatigue threshold testing

Elastic-plastic finite element simulations of growing plane stress fatigue cracks are used to study standard fatigue threshold test schemes. Load reduction operations are shown to cause artificial increases in crack closure. The crack still continuously ‘unzips’ during loading, so that the crack surfaces immediately behind the current crack tip are the last to separate. The increases in crack closure are clearly associated with increases in residual displacements in the wake of the crack generated earlier in the load history, when applied stresses were greater. The nondimensional nature of the finite element analysis shows that the dimensional form of the current ASTM standard for fatigue threshold testing admits possible effects of specimen size and applied stress level on closure behavior and hence on the apparent threshold. The current ASTM standard does not appear to be entirely consistent with a continuum mechanics description of plasticity-induced crack closure. The current standard may still give acceptable results when specimens are relatively small and relatively thick and initial applied stresses are a relatively small fraction of the yield stress.
Experience and Knowledge: The Case of Sexual Abuse Memories

This chapter argues for a politically informed but realist approach to sexual abuse memories. A number of theorists have set aside questions of truth from understanding the memory wars—some because they reject the possibility that memory can be a domain of truth since it is so susceptible to suggestion, some because they work within analytic frames (psychoanalysis, for example) in which questions of truth are largely eclipsed by theories of projection and transference, and some because they believe that once we move into the domains of narrative and politics and have a properly sophisticated account of memory formation we must leave the question of truth behind. I argue we cannot leave the question of truth behind; however, this does not mean we can jettison a political account of the ways in which truth is framed, narrativized, and even made possible.
New Approaches to Collecting Family Health History – A Preliminary Study Investigating the Efficacy of Conversational Systems to Collect Family Health History:

Knowing and compiling your family health information is an important, cost-effective and efficient way to help your doctor screen and monitor for risks of genomic diseases such as cancer. There are...
From Neither/Nor to Both/And: Reconfiguring the Life and Legacy of Shirdi Sai Baba in Hagiography

The paper focuses on two hagiographic texts about the Indian saint Shirdi Sai Baba: G. R. Dabholkar’s Śrī Sāī Satcarita (1930) in Marathi and B. V. Narasimhaswami’s four-volume Life of Sai Baba (1955–69) in English. A comparative study of these texts highlights a notable shift in the saint’s life story. Whereas Dabholkar describes a saint who is “neither Hindu nor Muslim,” Narasimhaswami emphasizes particular devotional testimonies to reconstruct Shirdi Sai Baba as a syncretistic figure who is “both Hindu and Muslim.” Narasimhaswami’s reconstruction also reveals a politics of compositeness, in which a dominant Hindu embrace contains a domesticated Muslim-ness.
A Note on the Riemann $\xi$-Function

This note investigates a number of integrals of and integral equations satisfied by Riemann's $\xi-$function. A different, less restrictive, derivation of one of his key identities is provided. This work centers on the critical strip and it is argued that the line $s=3/2+i t$ , e.g., contains a holographic image of this region.
El diezmo como una expresión de fe

El diezmo desempeno un papel importante en la economia de las sociedades desde el antiguo Israel hasta los dias de la Europa moderna. Si bien es cierto que es importante reafirmar la naturaleza del diezmo como senal de lealtad hacia Dios por parte de su iglesia; no obstante, la mayoria de estudiosos, especialmente pentecostales y carismaticos, prefieren enfocarse en los beneficiones materiales que uno puede obtener de Dios al diezmar. Por lo tanto, el proposito de este articulo es ir tras una motivacion teologica para diezmar, biblicamente fundamentada, con enfasis en la relacion que hay entre el diezmante y Dios. Para ello, se recurrira a las dos narrativas del Genesis, en donde se menciona al diezmo por primera vez en la Biblia. Para concluir, los hallazgos seran vistos desde una perspectiva cristologica.
The Chinese Imperial Examination System: An Annotated Bibliography

Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1: Publications between 605 and 1911 Chapter 2: Publications between 1912 and1949 Chapter 3: Publications between 1950 and 1976 Chapter 4: Publications between 1977 and 2010 Chapter 5: Publications about the Imperial Military Examination System Timeline of Chinese Dynastic History Glossary Author index Subject index
Positive Relationships in Action: Relational Mentoring and Mentoring Schemas in the Workplace.

This chapter explores how mentoring research may inform positive relationships at work, and the potential for expanding the scope of mentoring theory by linking relational and social cognitive theory to mentoring. It explains the impact of mentoring schemas on the expectations, behaviors, and evaluation of the relationship. Mentoring schemas include not only self-schemas and other schemas, but also interpersonal scripts generated from self and other schemas, which in turn reinforce these cognitive structures. This theory of mentoring schemas offers substantial guidance for future research on relational mentoring and social cognitive processes in mentoring relationships. A social cognitive perspective offers methodological guidance for future mentoring research. Social cognition theory examines how people mentally organize and represent information about themselves and others. Relational cognition theory offers a theoretically rich lens for uncovering the complex cognitive processes involved with mentoring and other positive relationships at work.
How working women navigate communication privacy management boundaries when seeking social support during cancer treatment

Working women diagnosed with cancer face difficult decisions about disclosing personal information. A 2017 survey for Cancer and Careers, a non-profit organization assisting cancer patients and survivors with finding and continuing employment, found that women are more likely than men to share their diagnosis with work colleagues, and do so more often to feel supported by co-workers. However, disclosure guidelines for communication about having cancer are difficult to establish, as they may vary widely depending on the individual and the situation. Most research about health self-disclosure has focused on the initial decision to divulge that one has an illness and on the depth of that initial disclosure. The current study was designed to further describe how working women navigate disclosures not only during the initial diagnosis, but throughout treatment and into recovery to gain needed social support. Using the typology of social support and the tenets of Communication Privacy Management Theory, the goal of this study is to share individual narratives of how working women change privacy rules to procure the type of social support needed in each stage of their experience.
Exercise-related Mental Health Problems and Solutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Most people will find it challenging to maintain their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with a history of mental illness, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and related disorders are now forced to navigate the fear and trauma of living through a pandemic, often in isolation. Even individuals with no history of anxiety, depression, or PTSD may experience a level of stress during the pandemic that makes it difficult to maintain their mental health. Exercise is a control mechanism for many living with mental illness and a protective factor in the lives of those without mental illness. Mental health and physical health are closely intertwined when it comes to exercise. However, exercise routines are heavily disrupted by this pandemic. Our focus is to highlight how the disruption in individual exercise programs requires distinctive solutions to protect and enhance mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic using a case-based approach.
Type 2 Diabetes Modifies Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Response to Gastric Bypass Surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which can result in remission of clinical symptoms, yet mechanisms for improved skeletal muscle health are poorly understood. We sought to define the impact of existing T2DM on RYGB-induced muscle transcriptome changes. MethodsVastus lateralis biopsy transcriptomes were generated pre- and 1-yr post-RYGB in black adult females with (T2D; n = 5, age=51{+/-}6 yr, BMI=53.0{+/-}5.8 kg/m2) and without (CON; n = 7,43{+/-}6 yr,51.0{+/-}9.2 kg/m2) T2DM. Insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were measured in blood at the same time points. ANCOVA detected differentially expressed genes (p< 0.01, Fold change<|1.2|), which were used to identify enriched biological pathways. ResultsPre-RYGB, 95 probes were downregulated with T2D including subunits of mitochondrial complex I. Post-RYGB, the T2D group had normalized gene expression when compared to their non-diabetic counterparts with only 3 probes remaining significantly different. In the T2D, we identified 52 probes upregulated from pre- to post-RYGB, including NDFUB7 and NDFUA1. ConclusionBlack females with T2DM show extensive down regulation of genes across aerobic metabolism pathways prior to RYGB, which resolves 1 year post-RYGB and is related to improvements in clinical markers. These data support efficacy of RYGB for improving skeletal muscle health, especially in patients with T2DM.
Introduction: This Is America

On January 6, 2021, I was putting the finishing touches on this special issue with its focus on “Americas.” That same day, a mob of disaffected, disorganized, fragile, and frustrated Trump supporte...
Interactions between ligand-bound EGFR and VEGFR2.

In this work, we put forward the provocative hypothesis that the active, ligand-bound RTK dimers from unrelated subfamilies can associate into heterooligomers with novel signaling properties. This hypothesis is based on a quantitative FRET study that monitors the interactions between EGFR and VEGFR2 in the plasma membrane of live cells in the absence of ligand, in the presence of either EGF or VEGF, and in the presence of both ligands. We show that direct interactions occur between EGFR and VEGFR2 in the absence of ligand and in the presence of the two cognate ligands. However, there are not significant heterointeractions between EGFR and VEGFR2 when only one of the ligands is present. Since RTK dimers and RTK oligomers are believed to signal differently, this finding suggests a novel mechanism for signal diversification.
Is It Beneficial to Recommend Differently Priced Products? Experimental Evidence from an Online Product Recommendation System

Online recommendation systems recommend products with widely different prices than that of their focal products. While conventional wisdom suggests that consumers may prefer lower priced recommendations, prior literature also indicates that consumers may not accept such products if their prices fall outside the range of their reference prices. We empirically examine this question – how does recommending differently priced product affect their demand – with a field experiment on a US based fashion retailer's website. We find that recommending differently priced products decreases their purchase probability by 12.5 percent. We estimate several exacting specifications to show that our results are due to the differences in prices and not characteristics between the focal and recommended products. Based on our estimate, we simulate the demand for recommended products by replacing the lowest order differently priced recommendations for focal products with the similarly priced products. Such replacement results in 23 percent increase in the purchase probability of recommended products, which translates into a 2 percent increase in the total sales of recommended products. Overall, our study highlights that the relative price of recommended products could significantly influence their demand and therefore, it should be considered as an additional factor in design of recommendation algorithm.
An Approach to Identifying Meaningful Action Patterns in Student-Tutor Interactions

Part of the success of computerized intelligent tutoring systems will be associated with their ability to assess and diagnose students' knowledge in order to direct pedagogical interventions. What is needed is a methodology for identifying general relationships between on-line action patterns and patterns of knowledge derived off-line. Such a methodology would allow an assessment and diagnosis of knowledge, based only on student actions. The focus of this initial research is the development of a means of identifying meaningful action patterns in student-tutor interactions. Actions executed by subjects on a set of verbal troubleshooting tests (Nichols et al., 1989) were summarized using the Pathfinder network scaling procedure (Schvaneveldt, 1990). The results obtained from this work indicate that meaningful patterns of actions can be identified using the Pathfinder procedure. The network patterns are meaningful in the sense that they can differentiate high and low performers as defined by a previous scori...
Understanding the Evolution of Titan's Surface, Interior, and Atmosphere

Scientists met in April to review the current understanding of Titan's surface, interior, and atmosphere and how these evolve on seasonal, astronomical (10–100 thousand years), and geological time scales (millions to billions of years). The workshop, hosted by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), followed the success of two previous workshops on Titan in 2010 and 2012 at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center (GSFC).
Molecular basis of difference in alcohol metabolism between orientals and caucasians.

The human cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) controlled byADH2 locus is known to be polymorphic. Most Caucasians have the usual enzyme consisting of the usual β1 subunit, while nearly 90% of Orientals have the atypical β2 subunit. At the physiological pH, the cytosol enzyme activity of the atypical liver is much higher than that of the typical liver. It has been suggested that a high frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals could be related to the rapid accumulation of acetaldehyde due to the atypical ADH. Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is also polymorphic. Virtually all Caucasians have two major isozymes,i.e., ALDH-1 and ALDH-2, while about 50% of Orientals have only ALDH-1, missing ALDH-2 component. Since ALDH-2 has high affinity to acetaldehyde, the high incidence of alcohol sensitivity in Orientals could be related to the accumulation of acetaldehyde due to the lack of ALDH-2 component. The usual ADH homodimer α1α1 and the atypical homodimer β2β2 were purified to homogeneity. The specific activity of the atypical enzyme was nearly three orders of magnitude higher than the usual enzyme at the physiological pH. The usual enzyme was rapidly inactivated by iodoacetate, indicating an existence of the “active site cysteine” in the molecule. In contrast, the atypical enzyme was resistant against the iodoacetate inactivation. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that the active site cysteine in the usual α1 subunit is replaced by histidine in the atypical β2 subunit. In the usual β1β1 enzyme, like horse enzyme, the catalytic Zn is expected to link to the sensitive cysteine at position 47, histidine at position 67, and cysteine at presumably position 174, thus making up the active site. In contrast, the active site of the atypical β2β2 enzyme is expected to consist of the catalytic Zn linked to histidine at position 47, histidine at position 67, and cysteine at position around 174. The functional abnormalities of the atypical enzyme can be correlated to its molecular abnormality.
Definitive, Defective or Deft? Reassessing Barth's Doctrine of Baptism in Church Dogmatics IV/4

Karl Barth's doctrine of baptism articulated in Church Dogmatics IV/4 is due for reassessment. Interpretation of this part of Barth's intellectual legacy has been conceptually determined by unresolved tensions within the Reformed tradition's sacramentology and by a widespread notion that Barth shifted from one side of this tension to the other over the course of his career. This article contests that notion and argues that Barth's doctrine of baptism is more sophisticated than often thought. By developing the concept of ‘paradoxical identity’ as a way to describe how Barth thinks about the relation between divine and human action, this article sheds new light on the value of Barth's work in Church Dogmatics IV/4.
Enforcing Fair Sharing of Peer-to-Peer Resources

Cooperative peer-to-peer applications are designed to share the resources of each computer in an overlay network for the common good of everyone. However, users do not necessarily have an incentive to donate resources to the system if they can get the system’s resources for free. This paper presents architectures for fair sharing of storage resources that are robust against collusions among nodes. We show how requiring nodes to publish auditable records of their usage can give nodes economic incentives to report their usage truthfully, and we present simulation results that show the communication overhead of auditing is small and scales well to large networks.
Reproductive and sexual coercion: counseling strategies

Patients who have experienced intimate partner violence have reported that positive, supportive encounters with healthcare providers have helped them to improve their situations.
Surface tension of ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3 glass

A solidified pendant drop technique is presently used in the measurement of surface tension of a 62 mol pct ZrF4, 33 mol pct BaF2, 5 mol pct LaF3 heavy metal-fluoride glass, in keeping with a requirement from a comparison experiment planned for microgravity conditions aboard the Space Shuttle. The surface tension at 550 C is 0.174 + or - 0.005 J/sq m.
Three dimensional chemometric analyses of hyperspectral images for beef tenderness forecasting

Abstract A prototype on-line hyperspectral imaging system (λ = 400–1000 nm) was developed and used to acquire images of exposed ribeye muscle on hanging beef carcasses (n = 274) at 2-day postmortem in a commercial beef packing plant. After image acquisition, a strip steak was cut from each carcass and vacuum packaged. After aging for 14 days, the steaks were cooked and Warner-Bratzler shear force values were collected as a measure of tenderness. Four different principal component analysis-based dimensionality reduction methods were implemented to reduce information redundancy in beef hyperspectral images. Textural features extracted from the 2-day hyperspectral images were modeled using Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD), support vector machines (SVM), and decision tree (DT) models to predict 14-day aged, cooked beef tenderness. Based on a true validation procedure using 101 samples, the FLD model yielded a tender certification accuracy of 86.7%. In addition, wavelengths corresponding to myoglobin and its derivatives (541, 577, and 635 nm), beef aging (541, 577, 635, 756, and 980 nm), protein (910 nm), fat (928 nm), and water (739, 756, and 988 nm) were identified.
A late methanogen origin for molybdenum‐dependent nitrogenase

Mounting evidence indicates the presence of a near complete biological nitrogen cycle in redox-stratified oceans during the late Archean to early Proterozoic (c. 2.5-2.0 Ga). It has been suggested that the iron (Fe)- or vanadium (V)-dependent nitrogenase rather than molybdenum (Mo)-dependent form was responsible for dinitrogen fixation during this time because oceans were depleted in Mo and rich in Fe. We evaluated this hypothesis by examining the phylogenetic relationships of proteins that are required for the biosynthesis of the active site cofactor of Mo-nitrogenase in relation to structural proteins required for Fe-, V- and Mo-nitrogenase. The results are highly suggestive that among extant nitrogen-fixing organisms for which genomic information exists, Mo-nitrogenase is unlikely to have been associated with the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Rather, the origin of Mo-nitrogenase can be traced to an ancestor of the anaerobic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens with acquisition in the bacterial domain via lateral gene transfer involving an anaerobic member of the Firmicutes. A comparison of substitution rates estimated for proteins required for the biosynthesis of the nitrogenase active site cofactor and for a set of paralogous proteins required for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll suggests that Nif emerged from a nitrogenase-like ancestor approximately 1.5-2.2 Ga. An origin and ensuing proliferation of Mo-nitrogenase under anoxic conditions would likely have occurred in an environment where anaerobic methanogens and Firmicutes coexisted and where Mo was at least episodically available, such as in a redox-stratified Proterozoic ocean basin.
The use of hydrochloric acid to improve the germination of sugar-beet seed

This study confirmed that steeping sugar-beet seed in 0.3 M hydrochloric acid for 2 h as the first part of a 12 h treatment, substantially improved performance under cold, wet conditions. Smaller benefits were also found in warmer, drier tests; no detrimental effects were found. Adding excess sodium hydroxide at the end of the acid steep further improved the growth of the inherently slower part of the population under cold, wet conditions. Steeping seed in acid or acid followed by alkali also controlled Phoma betae as effectively as the current commercial thiram step treatment.
Oculomotor neuroblast migration in the chick embryo in the absence of tecto-tegmental fibers.

Abstract This study investigated a hypothesized relationship between the migration of the oculomotor complex, particularly the ventromedial subnucleus, and the presence of the tecto-tegmental fiber system in the chick embryo. It has been suggested that the presence of these fibers at the time of the initiation and continuation of neuroblast migration in this system might serve as some sort of stimulus influencing or guiding this migration. In order to examine this hypothesis, the dorsal midbrain was ablated in stage 12 embryos, thus removing the source of the tecto-tegmental fibers prior to the development of the oculomotor complex. The results indicated that in the complete absence of the tecto-tegmental fibers, all oculomotor subnuclei migrated normally, attained their normal terminal locations, and appeared to differentiate normally. These results are discussed in relation to other studies of possible extracellular influences during early neurogenesis and the possible importance of within-system versus without-system influences is considered.
Isolation of folded chromosomes from Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Folded chromosomes were isolated from Mycoplasma hyorhinis. When examined by electron microscopy, these molecules show variability of loop size, number of loops, total contour length and degree of twisting of the DNA. Sedimentation velocity was unaltered after treatment with RNase, proteinase K, SDS, temperatures up to 65°C and NaCl concentrations from 0.1 M to 4 M.
Altered mammary responsiveness to estradiol and progesterone in mice exposed neonatally to diethylstibestrol

Mammary glands from ovariectomised neonatally diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed (0.1 microgram daily for the first 5 days of life) mice seem morphologically indistinguishable from those of ovariectomised controls. However, administration of exogenous hormones reveals a differential response. In DES-exposed mice, estrogen implantation resulted in greater incidence of dilated ducts along with greater incidence of dilated ducts along with greater incidence and severity of terminal ductal hyperplasia and greater severity of cystic alveolar adenosis; combined estrogen and progestin treatment resulted in greater severity of terminal duct hyperplasia and less alveolar formation, and progestin treatment resulted in lower incidence and degree of lateral budding. Thus, mammary sensitivity to sex steroids is altered by early exposure of mice to DES.