cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: interactive knowledge capture in the new millennium: How the semantic web changed everything

The Semantic Web has radically changed the landscape of knowledge acquisition research. It used to be the case that a single user would edit a local knowledge base, that the user would have domain expertise to add to the system, and that the system would have a centralized knowledge base and reasoner. The world surrounding knowledge-rich systems changed drastically with the advent of the Web, and many of the original assumptions were no longer a given. Those assumptions had to be revisited and addressed in combination with new challenges that were put forward. Knowledge-rich systems today are distributed, have many users with different degrees of expertise, and integrate many shared knowledge sources of varying quality. Recent work in interactive knowledge capture includes new and exciting research on collaborative knowledge sharing, collecting knowledge from Web volunteers, and capturing knowledge provenance.
Emerging Research Opportunities for Doctoral Students in B-to-B Marketing

ABSTRACT Marketing is a contextual discipline. Therefore, as its context changes, it creates new research opportunities for doctoral students. I have identified six major contextual trends relevant to B-to-B marketing. They are: Internet revolution; inorganic growth through mergers and acquisitions; breakup of vertical integration; rise of emerging economies; privatization of public enterprises; and globalization of markets. Numerous potential areas of research are identified in this paper. However, it also suggests that the traditional survey research of key informants and its analysis using LISREL to test hypotheses anchored to behavioral and managerial theories will be inadequate for the emerging research opportunities. The doctoral students are encouraged to study more macro theories in economics, sociology, and political science. In addition, they are encouraged to use archival studies, simulation, Internet based experimental research, and virtual bazaars as new research methodologies.
Creation of aorto-pulmonary window with pulmonary artery band is not good palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objective: A small sub-group of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have normal-sized ascending aorta and arch. An alternative to the Norwood I procedure in these patients is the creation of an aorto-pulmonary (AP) window with a distal pulmonary artery band (PAB). We reviewed our experience with this technique and compared outcomes to the Norwood procedure for HLHS. Methods: All patients treated for HLHS in a single institution between 1992 and 2005 were analysed. This identified 13 patients treated with AP window and PAB compared to 333 patients undergoing stage I Norwood procedure. An unrestrictive AP window was created and the main PA was banded. Patient records and echocardiograms were analysed. Median follow-up was 10 (IQR 0—655) days and 100% complete. Results: There were seven early deaths (54%) in the AP window group and two conversions to Norwood circulation. This was a significantly worse outcome than for the Norwood procedure over the same period, which had an early mortality of 29% (p = 0.03). Kaplan—Meier actuarial analysis demonstrated a continued survival benefit of the Norwood group at 6 months (p = 0.0005). Deaths were due to either low cardiac output syndrome (n = 4) or sudden unheralded arrest (n = 3). This occurred despite aortic cross-clamp and circulatory arrest times being significantly lower in the AP window group compared to the Norwood group (35 27 vs 55 16 min, p < 0.01 and 16 29 vs 55 20 min, p < 0.01, respectively). No differences in arterial saturations or systolic blood pressure existed between the groups, but diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the AP window group at 27 10 mmHg compared to 42 8 mmHg in the Norwood group (p = 0.01) with evidence of flow reversal in the descending aorta. Differences in diastolic blood pressure between groups were abolished after conversion to stage II. Conclusions: Despite favourable anatomy and shorter ischaemic times, the AP window/PAB technique has a poor outcome compared to the Norwood procedure for HLHS. Low diastolic blood pressure with reversal of descending aortic flow in diastole was a feature of the AP window/PAB circulation. We recommend the Norwood procedure for these sub-types. This may have implications for newer ‘hybrid’ procedures for HLHS which create a similar palliative circulation. # 2007 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Bifurcation subsystem and its application in power system analysis

The paper extends the concept of a bifurcation subsystem that experiences, produces, and causes the bifurcation in the full system model, and systematically describes a bifurcation subsystem method. The motivation for finding a bifurcation subsystem and its advantages over model reduction, slaving, and finding the center manifold dynamics are discussed. By using the theoretical results of the persistence on saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation of a full system model with both fast and slow singularly perturbed dynamics, a more precise definition of what constitutes a bifurcation subsystem for both saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation is given. Persistence of the center manifold for the reduced models of singularly perturbed fast and slow external dynamics thus is shown. These results are then used to show that the center manifold of the saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation lies in the bifurcation subsystem or is contained within the bifurcation subsystem if additional conditions are satisfied. The test conditions for the existence of a bifurcation subsystem are: 1) quickly reviewed and 2) then applied to compute a saddle-node and a Hopf bifurcation subsystem for a multiple machine differential algebraic example system. The results computationally validate the bifurcation subsystem method.
Has Lake Orta completely recovered from its heavy polluted condition? A seventy years long history

Taking in account the results obtained from the 16 previous papers, the present conditions of Lake Orta are stated. While chemical features are now almost normal, it was demonstrated that sediments still contain large amounts of heavy metals in the upper 10 cm and are thus to be considered still toxic for benthic fauna. Algal community shows evidence of increasing complexity and stability, so does zooplankton, albeit to a lesser extent. Benthic fauna is still affected by past water pollution and is very poor both in number of species and of individuals.
Development of a methodology to measure the effect of ergot alkaloids on forestomach motility using real-time wireless telemetry

The objectives of these experiments were to characterize rumen motility patterns of cattle fed once daily using a real-time wireless telemetry system, determine when to measure rumen motility with this system, and determine the effect of ruminal dosing of ergot alkaloids on rumen motility. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (n = 8) were fed a basal diet of alfalfa cubes once daily. Rumen motility was measured by monitoring real-time pressure changes within the rumen using wireless telemetry and pressure transducers. Experiment 1 consisted of three 24-h rumen pressure collections beginning immediately after feeding. Data were recorded, stored, and analyzed using iox2 software and the rhythmic analyzer. All motility variables differed (P < 0.01) between hours and thirds (8-h periods) of the day. There were no differences between days for most variables. The variance of the second 8-h period of the day was less than (P < 0.01) the first for area and less than the third for amplitude, frequency, duration, and area (P < 0.05). These data demonstrated that the second 8-h period of the day was the least variable for many measures of motility and would provide the best opportunity for testing differences in motility due to treatments. In Exp. 2, the steers (n = 8) were pair-fed the basal diet of Exp. 1 and dosed with endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected (E+; 0 or 10 μg ergovaline + ergovalinine / kg BW; respectively) tall fescue seed before feeding for 15 d. Rumen motility was measured for 8 h beginning 8 h after feeding for the first 14 d of seed dosing. Blood samples were taken on d 1, 7, and 15, and rumen content samples were taken on d 15. Baseline (P = 0.06) and peak (P = 0.04) pressure were lower for E+ steers. Water intake tended (P = 0.10) to be less for E+ steers the first 8 hour period after feeding. The E+ seed treatment at this dosage under thermoneutral conditions did not significantly affect rumen motility, ruminal fill, or dry matter of rumen contents.
Semen analysis in 21st century medicine: the need for sperm function testing

Sperm function testing, once commonly performed for the infertile couple before employing assisted reproductive technology (ART), has fallen out of favour in many reproductive medicine centers throughout the world. Indeed, the most recent addition of the 'World Health Organisation (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen' now groups many of these procedures into a section termed Research Procedures. In large part, this reflects the current clinical practice of bypassing the in-depth evaluation of the male partner, while assuming that if a spermatozoon can be found for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it must be a healthy cell capable of achieving fertilization. Nevertheless, sperm function testing can provide valuable clinical insights into defects causing male infertility. Admittedly, in some cases, functional sperm deficiencies can be overcome using an ART. In other cases, couples will be empowered by the knowledge of the cause of their infertility, and for some couples, perhaps even the likelihood of ICSI success (relative to the spermatozoa). The knowledge allows them to make truly informed reproductive decisions, including (perhaps) the decision to seek donor insemination, to adopt or to remain childless. Knowledge of the cause of their infertility may provide closure for couples and a sense of confidence regarding their choice of reproductive treatment.
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions can regulate the switch between growth and differentiation in rat hepatocytes: reciprocal expression of C/EBP alpha and immediate-early growth response transcription factors.

Previous investigations have shown that culture of freshly isolated hepatocytes under conventional conditions, i.e., on dried rat tail collagen in the presence of growth factors, facilitates cell growth but also causes an extensive down-regulation of most liver-specific functions. This dedifferentiation process can be prevented if the cells are cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane gel matrix derived from the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma tumor (EHS gel). To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating this response to extracellular matrix, we are analyzing the activities of two families of transcription factors, C/EBP and AP-1, which control the transcription of hepatic and growth-responsive genes, respectively. We demonstrate that isolation of hepatocytes from the normal quiescent rat liver by collagenase perfusion activates the immediate-early growth response program, as indicated by increased expression of c-jun, junB, c-fos, and c-myc mRNAs. Adhesion of these activated cells to dried rat tail collagen augments the elevated levels of these mRNAs for the initial 1 to 2 h postplating; junB and c-myc mRNA levels then drop steeply, with junB returning to normal quiescence and the c-myc level remaining slightly elevated during the 3-day culture period. Levels of c-jun mRNA and AP-1 DNA binding activity, however, remain elevated from the outset, while C/EBP alpha mRNA expression is down-regulated, resulting in a decrease in the steady-state levels of the 42- and 30-kDa C/EBP alpha polypeptides and C/EBP alpha DNA binding activity. In contrast, C/EBP beta mRNA production remains at near-normal hepatic levels for 5 to 8 days of culture, although its DNA binding activity decreases severalfold during this time. Adhesion of hepatocytes to the EHS gel for the same period of time dramatically alters this program: it arrests growth and inhibits AP-1 DNA binding activity and the expression of c-jun, junB, and c-myc mRNAs, but, in addition, it restores C/EBP alpha mRNA and protein as well as C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta DNA binding activities to the abundant levels present in freshly isolated hepatocytes. These changes are not due merely to growth inhibition, because suppression of hepatocyte proliferation on collagen by epidermal growth factor starvation or addition of transforming growth factor beta does not inhibit AP-1 activity or restore C/EBP alpha DNA binding activity to normal hepatic levels. These data suggest that expression of the normal hepatic phenotype requires that hepatocytes exist in a G0 state of growth arrest, facilitated here by adhesion of cells to the EHS gel, in order to express high levels of hepatic transcription factors such as C/EBP alpha.
Indian Christian Theology—The Humanity of Christ and the New Humanity

Indian Christian theology has developed in a number of different directions. As we analyse those directions we can detect two main patterns of advance. On the one hand, there is the concern with inwardness and spirituality, the interiority of the Gospel; on the other hand, there is a concern for the outward world and its future as the venue of the new creation brought into being by Christ. Both these concerns have been mirrored in modern Hinduism as it has sought to transmit to modern India the deep spirituality of classical Indian religion and also to reinterpret Hindu doctrines in the light of the context of modern India. Śri Rāmakrishna represents the first concern within modern Hinduism, and Gāndhi represents the other. Indian Christian theology has developed within a culture wherein a concern for the inwardness of one's own spiritual life and a concern for the outward development of the nation were both living issues. In ‘contextualising’ the Gospel in India, Indian Christians have naturally been influenced by both these concerns. Indian Christians have made a contribution to total Christian theology in the areas of inwardness and spirituality. Our particular concern now is to see what they have to say to us on the subject of the humanity of Christ and the new humanity that he has made possible.
Impartial graphical comparison of multivariate calibration methods and the harmony/parsimony tradeoff

For multivariate calibration with the relationship y = Xb, it is often necessary to determine the degrees of freedom for parsimony consideration and for the error measure root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC). This paper shows that degrees of freedom can be estimated by an effective rank (ER) measure to estimate the model fitting degrees of freedom and the more parsimonious model has the smallest ER. This paper also shows that when such a measure is used on the X-axis, simultaneous graphing of model errors and other regression diagnostics is possible for ridge regression (RR), partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) and thus, a fair comparison between all potential models can be accomplished. The ER approach is general and applicable to other multivariate calibration methods. It is often noted that by selecting variables, more parsimonious models are obtained; typically by multiple linear regression (MLR). By using the ER, the more parsimonious model is graphically shown to not always be the MLR model. Additionally, a harmony measure is proposed that expresses the bias/variance tradeoff for a particular model. By plotting this new measure against the ER, the proper harmony/parsimony tradeoff can be graphically assessed for RR, PCR and PLS. Essentially, pluralistic criteria for fairly valuating and characterizing models are better than a dualistic or a single criterion approach which is the usual tactic. Results are presented using spectral, industrial and quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Framing the Law & Policy Picture: A Snapshot of K-12 Cloud-Based Ed Tech & Student Privacy in Early 2014

A growing number of primary and secondary (K-12) school systems nationwide are adopting cloud-based educational technologies ("ed tech"), tools which "enable the transition of computing resources — including information processing, collection, storage, and analysis — away from localized systems (i.e., on an end user’s desktop or laptop computer) to shared, remote systems (i.e., on servers located at a data center away from the end user accessible through a network)" in the course of educational and/or academic administrative work. Cloud-based ed tech possesses unique innovative potential that can best be unlocked when the opportunities it presents are considered alongside the importance of protecting student privacy. This paper, building upon findings of the ongoing Student Privacy Initiative under the auspices of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, provides a snapshot of key aspects of a diverse — and heated — law, policy, and implementation debate that is taking place in the rapidly evolving cloud-based ed tech landscape. It aims to provide policy and decision-makers at the school district, local government, state government, and federal government levels with greater information about and clarity around the avenues available to them in evaluating privacy options. This analysis focuses on three overarching questions: who in the educational system should make cloud-based ed tech decisions; when is parental consent needed for the adoption of these technologies; and how can data transferred, stored, and analyzed through these products be kept secure and, as necessary, de-identified?Though there is often no bright line rule that can strike an ideal balance of these and other imperatives — including normative commitments, innovative educational opportunities, and evolving privacy attitudes and expectations — the authors offer the following pragmatic recommendations based on the cloud ed tech landscape at this moment in time: (1) Employing (temporary) centralization of cloud-based ed tech decision-making at the district level to foster the legal, technical, and other expert oversight necessary in this complex space without stifling capacity for local experimentation; (2) Examining the adoption of user-friendly labeling of cloud-based ed tech products to increase transparency and encourage compliance with parental consent and other legal requirements; and (3) Adopting FIPPs (Fair Information Practice Principles) and other best practice standards by industry providers to increase data security and protection.Critically, any such recommendations must preserve room for future development as the student privacy and ed tech picture continues to evolve. The authors also recognize that the proposed practices are in flux and have to be read as a supplement rather than a substitute for careful consideration of more fundamental reform of the current student privacy framework.
Is Heparin Really Necessary in the Lock and, If So, How Much?

The literature on the issue of whether heparin is necessary in an intermittent peripheral venous access device (lock) is critically reviewed. Issues explored include loss of patency, development of phlebitis, duration of lock placement, type of cannula material, sample size, risk of toxicity with heparin flush solutions, risk of clot embolism, and physical or chemical incompatibilities. Available studies indicate that heparin is not necessary to maintain fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP-Teflon) peripheral venous access devices unless the lock is used to obtain blood specimens. Considering the benefit-to-risk ratio for the use of heparin, it is advisable to maintain FEP-Teflon locks with normal saline alone. When locks are used to obtain blood specimens, as in a pharmacokinetic study, then a dilute heparin flush solution should be used. Whether heparin is necessary for the maintenance of locks composed of other materials is uncertain. Newer, less thrombogenic materials such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene may ...
6-Aminopenicillanamide and methyl 6-aminopenicillanate.

SIMPLE derivatives of penicillins, such as esters1 and amides2, have been prepared from the penicillins themselves by conventional methods. The availability of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) led me to synthesize from it selected carboxylic derivatives which can be used conveniently to prepare corresponding series of penicillin derivatives by acylation of the appropriate 6-APA intermediate.
Critical Care Staff Nurses: Empowerment, Certification, and Intent to Leave

Background Certification is a voluntary process that is used to recognize specialized knowledge and skills. Little research has been focused on staff nurses with specialty certification. Objective To determine if perceptions of empowerment and intent to leave the position and the profession differed among staff nurses who were certified by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, nurses certified by other certifying organizations, and nurses who were not certified. Methods A comparative descriptive study was used to analyze the results of a 2007 to 2008 Web-based survey of members of the association. Data were available on 4268 staff nurses. Results Total empowerment scores and intent to leave either the position or the profession did not differ between nurses who were certified and those who were not. However, perceptions of informal power, opportunity, and support did differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions The differences between nurses who were certified and those who were not may be related to variables other than certification. Further research and theoretical model testing is needed to determine the value of certification.
System architecture for bandwidth-scalable OFDM long-haul transmission

We propose a network architecture supporting variable-bandwidth OFDM channels to enable increased traffic aggregation and maximize spectral efficiency. A new ROADM design enables efficient (de)multiplexing of variable-bandwidth channels.
The Mixed Blessings of Contigency Management

Contingency management is defined as the “dominant management paradigm” in management literature and practice. A critique in the form of an emerging paradigm is labeled as “dialectical contextualism”. This critique is neo-conservative in nature since it rests upon phenomenological concepts of individual choice — concepts derailed by evolution of practices of contingency management.
Mosquitoes used to draw blood for arbovirus viremia determinations in small vertebrates.

Serial samples from the same individuals may be required for certain virological studies, however, some small animals cannot easily be blood-sampled. Therefore, we evaluated the use of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse mosquitoes as “biological syringes” to draw blood for virus titer determinations in small vertebrates. Groups of chicks (Gallus gallus), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were experimentally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) or Highlands J virus (HJV). In general, good correlation was seen between mosquito- and syringe-derived blood samples at titers ≥5.0 log10 pfu/mL serum as compared with titers 105 pfu/mL serum had mosquito- and syringe-derived titers within one log of each other. Sparrow viremia profiles generated from single mosquito blood meals and syringe were not significantly different (p>0.05). This technique is valuable for assessing the roles of small vertebrates in the ecologies of arboviruses, and could be used in applications beyond virology and infectious diseases, when <10 µL of whole blood is required.
Calc-silicate reactions and bedding-controlled isotopic exchange in the Notch Peak aureole, Utah: implications for differential fluid fluxes with metamorphic grade

Fluid compositions and bedding-scale patterns of fluid flow during contact metamorphism of the Weeks Formation in the Notch Peak aureole, Utah, were determined from mineralogy and stable isotope compositions. The Weeks Formation contains calc-silicate and nearly pure carbonate layers that are interbedded on centimetre to decimetre scales. The prograde metamorphic sequence is characterized by theappearanceof phlogopite, diopside,and wollastonite.By accountingfor thesolution propertiesofFe, it is shown that the tremolite stability field was very narrow and perhaps absent in the prograde sequence. Unshifted oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios in calcite and silicate minerals at all grades, except above the wollastonite isograd, show that there was little to no infiltration of disequilibrium fluids. The fluid composition is poorly constrained, but X(CO2)fluid must have been>0.1, as indicated by the absence of talc, and has probably increased with progress of decarbonation reactions. The occurrence of scapolite and oxidation of graphite in calc-silicate beds of the upper diopside zone provide the first evidence for limited infiltration of external aqueous fluids. Significantly larger amounts of aqueous fluid infiltrated the wollastonite zone. The aqueous fluids are recorded by the presence of vesuvianite, large decreases in d 18 O values of silicate minerals from c. 16o in the diopside zone to c. 10o in the wollastonite zone, and extensive oxidation of graphite. The carbonate beds interacted with the fluids only along margins where graphite was destroyed, calcite coarsened, and isotopic ratios shifted. The wollastonite isograd represents a boundary between a high aqueous fluid-flux region on its higher- grade side and a low fluid-flux region on its lower-grade side. Preferential flow of aqueous fluids within the wollastonite zone was promoted by permeability created by the wollastonite-forming reaction and the natural tendency of fluids to flow upward and down-temperature near the intrusion-wall rock contact.
Handoff Scheme Improvement in Wireless Networks

Chaining followed by make-break algorithm reduces signaling traffic in wireless ATM network and improves the efficiency of the virtual channel. We propose a new handoff call management scheme which complies with existing ATM signaling standard and its implementation leaves commercially ATM components unaffected. This method considers traffic condition when chaining and it is easy to implement in the chaining followed by the make-break scheme.
A Thermodynamic Model for the Solubility Prediction of Barite, Calcite, Gypsum, and Anhydrite, and the Association Constant Estimation of CaSO4(0) Ion Pair up to 250 °C and 22000 psi

Mineral solubility predictions are critical for estimating scaling risks at conditions of high temperature, pressure, and ionic strength (IS) in mixed electrolytes which occur in various industrial processes. On the basis of the Pitzer theory, this study establishes a thermodynamic model to predict the solubilities and scaling risks of barite, calcite, gypsum, and anhydrite under these extreme conditions. This study combines the related equilibrium constants, virial coefficients, and the solubilities of these minerals from 0 °C to 250 °C, from 14.7 psi to 22000 psi, with up to 6 mol NaCl/kg H2O with or without mixed electrolytes to determine the temperature and pressure dependences of the following virial coefficients for Ca2+–SO42–, Ba2+–SO42–, Ba2+–Cl–, Na+–SO42–, and Ca2+–Br– binary interactions used in the Pitzer theory. Using these virial coefficients, the solubilities of these four minerals can be accurately predicted with no apparent temperature, pressure, or IS bias in solutions under the extreme ...
Enantioselective synthesis of cocaine C-1 analogues using sulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines).

The first examples of cocaine analogues having substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, and phenyl) at the C-1 position of the cocaine tropane skeleton were prepared by heating sulfinimine-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrrolidine nitrones. In the presence of the Lewis acid Al(OtBu)3 the nitrones undergo an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines that were transformed in three steps to the cocaine analogues. In the absence of the Lewis acid, lactams were formed resulting from rearrangement of the nitrone to an oxaziridine. A novel Pd- and base-promoted rearrangement of methanesulfonate salts of isoxazolidine to bridge bicyclic[4.2.1]isoxazolidines was discovered.
New Approaches to Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a-Si:H

A new tight-binding molecular dynamics approach for Si-H systems is developed using the valence orbitale of Si and H for calculation of atomic forces. Previous tight-binding models are not able to describe formation energies of different charge states of H in c-Si and new physics is introduced in our model to describe both effects of charge transfer and varying atomic environments. The Si-H Model was developed by fitting to silane, and ensuring that the formation energies of different charge states of H in c-Si were correctly described. This new model also describes well vibrational properties of SiHn configurations, and the structural and electronic properties of a-Si:H Models. The new molecular dynamics utilizes quantum mechanical forces, incorporating important electronic effects, and is robust enough to simulate hundreds of atoms as would be needed in realistic a-Si:H systems.
Experimental study of the bed Inventory overturn in pant-legs furnace of CFB boiler

The pant-legs structure is widely used in furnace design of large scale CFB boiler.The bed inventory overturn in furnace usually causes shutdown accident.Based on the Scaling-Low proposed by Glicksman,the geometric size of a 300MW CFB boiler was scaled down,and a bench-scale CFB rig was built up to study the lateral solid flow in the pant-legs CFB riser.The across area and average height of the lateral solid flow were adjusted by a partition wall with a number of slots.The changes of bed pressures and air flow rates were recorded.The experimental results show that the hydrodynamic asymmetry between both sides of the furnace is the essential cause of bed inventory overturn.The prerequisite of bed inventory overturn is a dominate portion of the pressure drop caused by the bed inventory in the total pressure drop in furnace.The process of bed inventory overturn slows down when the across area and average height of lateral solid flow decreases.
The Regulation of Emotion in Adolescence

How one behaves in one’s world and the social relationships one experiences in one’s life are always associated with one’s emotions. A key part of healthy development is to learn how to adaptively regulate or govern the links among behavior, experience, and emotions. The child must attain the skills to adjust, or regulate, his or her emotions to enable responses that promote adaptive social experiences/social relationships. Emotion regulation (ER) is, then, a key facet of healthy and positive development and may be particularly important during adolescence, given that the young person is undergoing major, interacted, changes in his or her physical, psychological, and social functioning. Drawing on evidence from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development and from other research, we discuss both important facets of ER during adolescence and the bases of ER during this period of life. We suggest some implications for applications to policy and practice based on this evidence. We suggest that parents, practitioners, and policy makers should take a more targeted focus (e.g., specific ER skills, particular time periods), use a process-oriented perspective (e.g., consider the interaction among thoughts, behaviors, and emotions), and capitalize on social supports from different contexts (e.g., family, school, and community) in order to promote ER and positive youth development.
Clinical Experience with Treatment of Allergies with T Cell Epitope Containing Peptides

Immunotherapy by repeated subcutaneous injections of increasing doses of crude extracts of allergens redirects allergic immunologie responses. At first IgE antibodies increase but then they decline slowly. Serum IgG antibodies rise markedly, and secretory antibodies increase modestly. Serum IgG and secretory IgA and IgG antibodies can block in vitro antigen stimulated mediator release by IgE antibody sensitized mast cells and basophils1. After immunotherapy, allergic subjects show reduced immediate responses to allergen challenges to the nasal or bronchial mucosa2.
Temperatures of Spark Kernels Discharging into Quiescent or Crossflow Conditions

This work determines how the temperature of spark kernels changes for quiescent and crossflow conditions. Previous efforts have primarily considered kernels in quiescent conditions and typically neglected how the temperature changes with time. The latter is significant because the temperature evolution is critical for determining if reactions become self-sustaining. Kernels were generated using a gas turbine engine igniter. Temperatures were determined from radiation intensity measurements (FLIR SC6700) and by solving the radiation transfer equation. Kernels were discharged into a wind tunnel with crossflow velocities between 0 and 15.6 m/s. Kernels developed into toroidal vortices for all conditions. The average peak temperature in quiescent conditions was near 950 K and nearly 1250 K at the highest crossflow velocity. Higher temperatures were observed at the upstream side of kernels when ejecting into a crossflow. The changes in temperatures observed with crossflow are explained by fluid mechanic liter...
Lithium batteries: Improving solid-electrolyte interphases via underpotential solvent electropolymerization.

Understanding the mechanism of formation of solid-electrolyte interphases (SEI) is key to the prospects of lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we investigate via cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry the role of kinetics in controlling the properties of the SEI generated from the reduction of propylene carbonate (PC, a typical solvent in LMB). Our observations are consistent with the operation of a radical chain PC electropolymerization into polymer units whose complexity increases at lower initiation rates. As proof-of-concept, we show that slow initiation rates via one-electron PC reduction at underpotentials consistently yields compact, electronically insulating, Li^+-conducting, PC-impermeable SEI films.
Enhancement of Thermal Conductance at Metal-Dielectric Interfaces Using Subnanometer Metal Adhesion Layers

As electronics continue to shrink, heat management at the nanoscale has become increasingly important. The authors show that the thermal conductance at a metal-dielectric interface can be improved by half an order of magnitude by inserting just 1 nm of another metal. Multifunctional interfaces, as in ￼plasmonic applications for heat-assisted magnetic recording, could exploit this thermal benefit with little impact on other properties.
Group sex event participation: a link to STI risk among African-American heterosexual men incarcerated in North Carolina

Group sex events (GSEs) among heterosexuals and other groups may facilitate STI transmission by contributing to rapid partner exchange and links to high-risk partners.1 ,2 Using baseline (in-prison) data from DISRUPT (Disruption of Intimate Stable Relationships Unique to the Prison Term) (n=142), a cohort study conducted among African-American men incarcerated in North Carolina, USA, who were in committed heterosexual relationships at prison entry, we measured preincarceration GSE participation and other …
The sentiment premium and macroeconomic announcements

Limits to arbitrage imply that market-wide investor sentiment should be a priced factor in the US equity market. While previous studies (Baker and Wurgler in J Financ 61:1645–1680, 2006) focus on the factor loading on market-wide investor sentiment, we study its factor premium in the present paper. This is important, because both factor loadings and premiums are required to estimate expected returns on stocks, which are essential for capital budgeting, portfolio evaluation, investment, and risk analysis decisions. If overpricing is more prevalent than underpricing (Stambaugh et al. in J Financ Econ 104:288–302, 2012), the premium on market-wide investor sentiment should be negative. Furthermore, the sentiment premium should be particularly significant on days without macroeconomic announcements, because there is a lack of information about the state of the economy at such times. We test these hypotheses in this paper, and find supporting evidence. Our findings have important theoretical as well as practical implications.
Non-Profit or For-Benefit? An Experimental Approach to the Link of Altruism and Sustainability Orientation on Hybrid Ventures

Entrepreneurship for sustainable development can be defined following Katsikis and Kyrgidou (2008) as the “teleological process aiming at the achievement of sustainable development, by discovering, evaluating and exploiting opportunities and creating value that produces economic prosperity, social cohesion and environmental protection.” Child (2015) describes for-profit social enterprises similarly.
Adsorption at the rutile-solution interface: II. Model of the electrochemical double layer

Differential capacity curves (capacity versus charge or potential) on rutile obtained by graphical differentiation of adsorption isotherms are presented. The results differ strikingly from those obtained on mercury and silver iodide in the much higher magnitude of the capacity and the reversed asymmetry in shape around the pze. The capacity rises more steeply with increasing negative surface charge than with positive surface charge. The experimental curves parallel those calculated from simple diffuse layer theory. Specific adsorption of inorganic ions, as revealed by indirect capacity measurements, decreases in the order Li+ > Na+ > Cs+ Cl− ≅ ClO4− ≅ NO3− > I− which is the reverse order of similar studies on AgI and mercury. A model of the double layer on TiO2 is developed which takes into account the ordering effect of the hydroxylated surface on the hydrogen-bonding liquid molecules adjacent to it and the structure-promoting role of the potential-determining ions, OH− and H3O+. Specific adsorption of inorganic ions in the double layer is related to their disrupting or promoting influence on the structural order in the surface region, which may be quite extensive. The most important feature of the model is the waterlike atmosphere in which the double layer is assumed to be established. The experimental observations are shown to be qualitatively consistent with the proposed model, which also accounts for the striking differences in the structure and composition of the double layers on Hg and AgI as opposed to that on rutile. The extension of this model to the understanding of other surface phenomena is briefly discussed.
MULLĀ ṢADRĀ ON THE PROBLEM OF NATURAL UNIVERSALS

This study investigates the problem of the natural universal (kullī ṭabīʿī) in the works of Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1640). The problem of universals made its way into Arabic/Islamic philosophy via its Greek sources, and was transformed into the problem of natural universals by Avicenna. Weighing in on this problem, Ṣadrā reinterprets the nature of natural universals against the backdrop of his doctrine of “the primacy of being.” As he argues, a natural universal or quiddity qua quiddity is an “accidental being” that requires wujūd for its existentiation. Thus, Ṣadrā re-envisions the status of natural universals by stripping them of their disputed status as independently existing entities.
Preoperative Diagnosis Can Predict Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes.

Abstract Background Compared to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for primary osteoarthritis, conversion TKAs in the post-traumatic setting are associated with increased operative times, infection rates, and readmissions. We aim at determining how post-traumatic osteoarthritis and previous knee surgery influence postoperative outcomes in conversion TKA. Methods Seventy-two conversion TKA procedures with prior knee trauma at a single institution between April 2012 and 2016 were examined. Twenty-seven (37.5%) cases had a preoperative site-specific diagnosis such as fracture of the proximal tibia, distal femur, or patella whereas 45 (62.5%) cases had a preoperative diagnosis of significant soft-tissue trauma. These 2 groups were compared in terms of total implant cost, length of stay, complications, and readmission and reoperation rates. A subanalysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of previous knee surgery on surgical outcomes. Results The postfracture TKA cohort suffered significantly higher early surgical site complications (22% vs 4.4%, P = .02) and 90-day readmissions (14.8% vs 2.2%, P = .042) compared to the soft-tissue trauma cohort. Operative time, total implant costs, length of stay, medical complications, 30-day readmissions, and 90-day reoperation rates did not significantly differ. It was also found that patients with multiple prior knee surgeries compared to one prior knee surgery are younger (53.0 vs 63.1, P = .003), healthier, and receive significantly more expensive implants (1.72 vs 1.07, P = .026). In addition, patients with previous open reduction internal fixations experience more surgical site complications than patients with previous arthroscopies (31% vs 3.3%, P = .042). Conclusion Patients with previous site-specific fracture are more likely to experience surgical site complications and 90-day readmissions after conversion TKA than patients with previous soft-tissue knee trauma. Multiple previous knee surgeries appear to serve as an independent factor in the selection of costlier implants irrespective of preoperative diagnosis.
The tragedy of the commons

We provide a complete characterization of the set of Markov-Perfect Equilibria (MPE) of dynamic common-property resource games a la Levhari and Mirman (1980). We find that all MPE of such games exhibit remarkably regular dynamic behavior. Surprisingly, however, and despite their memoryless nature, MPE need not result in a “tragedy of the commons”, i.e., overexploitation of the resource relative to the first-best solutions. We show through an example that MPE could, in fact, lead to the reverse phenomenon of underexploitation of the resource. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that, in pay off space, MPE are always suboptimal.
Thematic Shifts in Contemporary Vietnamese American Novels

This article examines the thematic shifts in three contemporary Vietnamese American novels published since 2003: Monique Truong9s The Book of Salt, Dao Strom9s Grass Roof, Tin Roof, and Bich Minh Nguyen9s Short Girls. I argue that by concentrating on the themes of inferiority and invisibility and issues related to ethnic and racial relationships in U.S. culture (instead of concentrating on the Vietnam War and the refugee experiences), some contemporary Vietnamese American authors are attempting to merge their voices into the corpus of ethnic American literature, which usually is thematically characterized by identity, displacement, alienation, and cultural conflict, etc. Each author explores the problems confronted by individuals caught up in various phases of the Vietnamese diaspora of the twentieth century. These important works are treated primarily thematically, even as the theoretical approaches of various critics are employed to examine those themes. All three novels take Vietnamese American literature in new thematic directions, which signals great promise for future developments.
Electronic structure and surface properties of MgB 2 (0001) upon oxygen adsorption

We use density-functional theory to investigate the bulk and surface properties of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$. The unique bonding structure of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ is investigated by Bader's atoms-in-molecules, charge density difference, and occupancy projected band structure analyses. Oxygen adsorption on the charge-depleted surfaces of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ is studied by a surface potential energy mapping method, reporting a complete map including low-symmetry binding sites. The B-terminated ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$(0001) demonstrates reconstruction of the graphenelike B layer, and the reconstructed geometry exposes a threefold site of the subsurface Mg, making it accessible from the surface. Detailed reconstruction mechanisms are studied by simulated annealing method based on ab initio molecular dynamics and nudged elastic band calculations. The surface clustering of B atoms significantly modifies the B $2p$ states to occupy low energy valence states. The present paper emphasizes that a thorough understanding of the surface phase may explain an apparent inconsistency in the experimental surface characterization of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$. Furthermore, these results suggest that the surface passivation can be an important technical challenge when it comes to development of a superconducting device using ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$.
International Fan Professionalization on Viki

Global economies and digital diasporas have led to a rise in fansubbing sites, one of the largest being Viki. Viki uses amateur expert fans to translate media from around the world into over two hundred languages. Global markets and for-profit fansubbing companies encourage volunteers to establish their own work practices. In examining the posts to one large segmenting forum, this article identifies ways Viki segmenters adapt workplace practices to online fan communities as well as ways that volunteers adapt localized community practices to online spaces. Specifically, volunteers adopted localized professional work etiquette to online leisure activities. This research expands understandings of global fan communities, referencing ways localized community practices continue to intersect with understandings of online work and leisure.
Characterizing functional differences in sea anemone Hsp70 isoforms using budding yeast

Marine organisms experience abiotic stressors such as fluctuations in temperature, UV radiation, salinity, and oxygen concentration. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) assist in the response of cells to these stressors by refolding and maintaining the activity of damaged proteins. The well-conserved Hsp70 chaperone family is essential for cell viability as well as the response to stress. Organisms possess a variety of Hsp70 isoforms that differ slightly in amino acid sequence, yet very little is known about their functional relevance. In this study, we undertook analysis of three principal Hsp70 isoforms NvHsp70A, B, and D from the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The functionality of Hsp70 isoforms in the starlet sea anemone was assessed through transcriptional analysis and by heterologous expression in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, these isoforms were found to not only differ in expression under stress but also appear to have functional differences in their ability to mediate the cellular stress program. These results contribute to an understanding of Hsp70 isoform specificity, their shared and unique roles in response to acute and chronic environmental stress, and the potential basis of local adaptation in populations of N. vectensis.
Is It Really Mandatory to Harvest the Contralateral Saphenous Vein for Use in Repair of Traumatic Injuries

Since the transition time in surgical technique of vascular repair to current civilian practice, the great saphenous vein (GSV) remains unarguably the preferred conduit for surgical reconstruction in the lower extremity. With qualities such as accessibility, expendability, and long-term durability, it is easy to understand the enthusiasm with using the GSV in arterial or venous vascular injuries. However, the question does arise whether these detailed benefits of the GSV warrant harvest from an uninjured limb for vascular reconstruction on an injured limb. For those ardent followers of surgical dogma, harvest of contralateral vein from the uninjured lower extremity traumatic vascular repair is mandated. Unfortunately, this principle is not supported by high-quality data and remains folklore at best.