cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The inheritance of winter hardiness in Pisum I

An F3 hybrid population of the cross Early Perfection x Austrian Winter peas was fall planted at East Lansing, Michigan. The segregates that overwintered indicated that hardiness is inherited independently from other phenotypic characteristics. Thus, the possibility exists that the winter hardy character can be transferred from the Austrian Winter pea to commercial varieties.
The effect of age on balancing behavior: complexity analysis of mediolateral force trajectories.

Objective We quantified, via complexity analysis, the postural stability of healthy people from a wide age range. Approach Thirty-five healthy people aged 18-72 performed three tasks while balancing on one foot on a force plate: standard balancing task, mental task (balancing while answering basic arithmetic questions), and knot-tying task (balancing while tying two knots in a piece of ribbon). Mediolateral force trajectories were analyzed to determine control strategy via Hurst exponents, Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov complexity, root mean square, and phase-space plots. Main results We found increased pattern repetition in balancing with increased age, as evidenced by the emergence of a double attractor pattern in phase-space plots and the increase of Hurst exponents with age from approximately 0.3 to 0.8. Significance As people age, they tend to develop strong feed-forward control strategies for balancing, and lose the complexity of micro movements intrinsic to young age. There is an open-loop control strategy for balancing that emerges in older adulthood, and there are attractors inherent to balancing which begin to develop in middle age.
Intra-Sacular Flow Disruption

Abstract Intra-saccular flow disruption is a new strategy for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. This strategy offers the promise of safe, rapid, and complete treatment of wide-necked aneurysms without leaving metal in the parent vessel. If successful, this would obviate the need for antiplatelet medications. This chapter reviews some of the devices currently available for this strategy and the existing literature.
The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial.

Purpose:We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific ...
Study protocol for investigating physician communication behaviours that link physician implicit racial bias and patient outcomes in Black patients with type 2 diabetes using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design.

Introduction Patient-physician racial discordance is associated with Black patient reports of dissatisfaction and mistrust, which in turn are associated with poor adherence to treatment recommendations and underutilisation of healthcare. Research further has shown that patient dissatisfaction and mistrust are magnified particularly when physicians hold high levels of implicit racial bias. This suggests that physician implicit racial bias manifests in their communication behaviours during medical interactions. The overall goal of this research is to identify physician communication behaviours that link physician implicit racial bias and Black patient immediate (patient-reported satisfaction and trust) and long-term outcomes (eg, medication adherence, self-management and healthcare utilisation) as well as clinical indicators of diabetes control (eg, blood pressure, HbA1c and history of diabetes complication). Methods and analysis Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design, we will collect data from approximately 30 family medicine physicians and 300 Black patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data sources will include one physician survey, three patient surveys, medical interaction videos, video elicitation interviews and medical chart reviews. Physician implicit racial bias will be assessed with the physician survey, and patient outcomes will be assessed with the patient surveys and medical chart reviews. In video elicitation interviews, a subset of patients (approximately 20–40) will watch their own interactions while being monitored physiologically to identify evocative physician behaviours. Information from the interview will determine which physician communication behaviours will be coded from medical interactions videos. Coding will be done independently by two trained coders. A series of statistical analyses (zero-order correlations, partial correlations, regressions) will be conducted to identify physician behaviours that are associated significantly with both physician implicit racial bias and patient outcomes. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from the Virginia Commonwealth University IRB. Study results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences. A novel Medical Interaction involving Black Patients Coding System from this project will be made publicly available.
Rivalries in Workgroups and their Influences on Peer-Peer Performance Appraisal Rating Tendencies

Though the use of peer appraisals has been widely acclaimed, their usefulness ultimately depends on how accurately peers want to rate each other. We contribute to the literature on peer-peer performance appraisals by presenting a model that shows peers as competitors vying for valued organizational rewards and social standing within their workgroups. By looking at peers as rivals, we propose that peers are likely to rate each other in a downwardly distorted fashion, which is opposite to what the current literature suggests. Our model also highlights the role of organizational factors such as the administrative usage of performance appraisals and workgroup structures in the development of peer-peer rivalries.
Service-oriented design in aspect-oriented and petri net-based approach

Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an emerging paradigm utilizing services as core elements in software development. However, the service design of SOC oftentimes fails to capture various service-specific concerns required for delivering high-quality and user-friendly services. This is because those concerns are intrinsically tangled within a service. If such concerns, often crosscutting the system, are not satisfactorily treated, a service design result will be inadequate to reflect all facets of a service. The objective of this research, thus, is to provide a systematic, comprehensive, but generic and formal service-oriented design approach that helps to effectively and efficiently develop services in service-oriented systems in the design process. Our approach is to provide a service-oriented design approach integrated with the concept of aspects and supported by Petri net formalism. Recently, the aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has gained growing interest and its "aspect" concept has received attention as the newly found solution to the early stages of software development as an abstraction and encapsulation mechanism with the purpose of enhancing separation of concerns. We integrate the concept of aspect into the service-oriented design process that consists of the decomposition of a service-oriented system, the structural and behavioral representations of services, and the extension of the semantic annotations on services for the analysis purpose. In our approach, a service-oriented system is decomposed as a set of primitive services that contain only essential functional features and aspects methodically defined and used to capture pertinent service-specific or domain-specific concerns. Using primitive services and aspects, our method delineates a service-oriented system in two views, the structural view and the behavioral view, based on an extended UML2 and Petri net representations, respectively. In particular, our method supports an automatic weaving xi process to generate an integrated Petri net for each distinct service from the behavioral perspective of both a primitive service and a set of aspects related to it, and the relationships between them. As a result, the integrated Petri nets obtained through the weaving process facilitate the verification and evaluation of service design results. To exploit these integrated Petri nets that correspond to composed services, our method supports an aspect-oriented extension mechanism to help comparative evaluation of the service design results, for example, in terms of performance or platform-specific resource interferences. Finally, such a formal representation and extension method with a standardized description in XML makes it possible to evolve and analyze service-oriented designs in existence or construct varying versions of a service design with reduced development effort by replacing or reusing existing design elements, especially aspects. Simulation results provide convincing data as proof although further experiments with real-life system development are still desirable, as our future work.
Energy efficient piezoelectrically actuated transducer for direct-contact ultrasonic drying of fabrics

Current clothes drying technology is an energy-intensive process that involves blowing hot air across tumbling wet fabrics to evaporate water. To address the relatively low energy efficiency of thi...
Systemic oxytocin administration alters mesolimbic dopamine release in mice.

Abstract Growing research indicates oxytocin may be involved in relieving anxiety and attenuating the rewarding effects of psychostimulants. This study investigated the effects of subchronic oxytocin treatments on mesolimbic dopamine transmission in areas associated with anxiety and addiction, the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), respectively. Using in vivo fixed potential amperometry, stimulation-evoked dopamine release was recorded in anesthetized mice pretreated with subchronic oxytocin (four i.p. injections of 1 mg/kg oxytocin or saline with 48 h between injections). During dopamine recordings, mice received an i.p. drug challenge of either oxytocin (1 mg/kg), the dopamine reuptake blocker nomifensine (10 mg/kg), or saline. Overall, subchronic oxytocin pretreatment did alter properties of dopamine release in these limbic structures. In the amygdala, dopamine release was decreased following the oxytocin challenge but only in oxytocin pretreated mice. In the NAc, baseline dopamine release was attenuated in oxytocin pretreated mice relative to saline pretreated mice. Furthermore, oxytocin pretreated mice displayed a reduced dopaminergic response to the drug challenge of nomifensine relative to control mice. Together these results suggest that oxytocin may be useful at treating aspects of anxiety and drug abuse. Elucidating the neural effects of oxytocin is critical given the multitude of potential therapeutic uses for this drug.
Deviance information criteria for mixtures of distributions

As a Bayesian criterion for model comparison, Spiegelhalter et al. proposed the deviance information criterion (DIC) which consists of two parts: a classical estimate of fit and an effective number...
Composition and inclusion of probiotics in broiler diets alter intestinal permeability and spleen immune cell profiles without negatively affecting performance1

Probiotic feed additives with potential to enhance performance, health, and immunity have gained considerable popularity in commercial broiler production. The study objectives were to measure broiler performance, gut integrity, and splenic immune cell profiles in birds fed one of two probiotics at two inclusion levels. Nine hundred sixty Ross 708 broilers (12 per pen) were randomly assigned to no additive control, 0.05% or 0.10% LactoCare (Lactobacillus reuteri), or 0.05% or 0.10% LactoPlan (Lactobacillus plantarum) dietary treatments for 6 wk. On day 27, a 20-pen subset was utilized for a fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) assay, where half of the pens were subject to a 12-h feed restriction (FR) pregavage. Serum collected from blood drawn 1-h postgavage was analyzed for relative fluorescence of FITC-d absorbed across the intestinal barrier as a gut leakiness indicator. On day 42, spleens from eight birds per treatment were collected for immune cell profile analysis by multicolor flow cytometry. Although performance outcomes were not affected by dietary treatment, FITC-d absorption post-FR was increased 57% in the 0.05% LactoPlan treatment, and was decreased by 12.6% in the 0.05% LactoCare diet, 12% in the 0.10% LactoCare diet, and 22% in the 0.10% LactoPlan diet compared with the control. This indicates a positive impact in barrier integrity maintenance due to 0.05% and 0.10% LactoCare and 0.10% LactoPlan diet following a challenge. Immune cell profiles varied between the two probiotic compositions, with an approximately 50% reduction in splenic innate immune cells (monocyte/macrophage+) in birds fed LactoPlan (P < 0.0001) and greater overall percentages of CD45+ leukocytes and CD3+ T cells in birds fed 0.10% LactoCare (P < 0.0001). LactoPlan diets shifted splenic T-cell populations in favor of CD8α + cytotoxic T cells (TC; P = 0.007), while higher inclusions (0.10%) of either probiotic increased the percentage of activated CD4+ helper T cells (TH; P < 0.0001). These results indicate that compositionally different probiotics had varying effects on the gut permeability and splenic immune cell profiles in broiler chickens, particularly at higher inclusion rates, but observed changes to underlying physiology did not negatively impact performance outcomes. The ability of a probiotic to alter gut permeability and immune cell profile, therefore, may depend on the compositional complexity of the product as well as inclusion rate.
Short-term Immunopathological Changes Associated with Pulse Steroids/IVIG/Rituximab Therapy in Late Kidney Allograft Antibody Mediated Rejection.

Background B cell depletion is a common treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). We sought to determine the specific immunopathologic effects of this therapeutic approach in kidney transplantation. Methods This was a prospective observational study of recipients of kidney transplants diagnosed with late ABMR (>3 months after transplant). Patients received treatment with pulse steroids, IVIG, and rituximab. Donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA), kidney allograft pathology, renal function, immune cell phenotypes, and 47 circulating cytokines were assessed at baseline and at 3 months. Results We enrolled 23 patients in this study between April 2015 and March 2019. The majority of patients were male (74%) and white (78%) with an average age of 45.6±13.8 years. ABMR was diagnosed at 6.8±5.9 years (4 months to 25 years) post-transplant. Treatment was associated with a significant decline in circulating HLA class I (P=0.003) and class II DSA (P=0.002) and peritubular capillaritis (ptc; P=0.04) compared to baseline. Serum creatinine, BUN, eGFR, and proteinuria (UPC) remained stable. Circulating B cells were depleted to barely detectable levels (P≤0.001), whereas BAFF (P=0.0001), APRIL (P Conclusions Short-term pulse steroids/IVIG/rituximab therapy was associated with inhibition of ABMR (DSA and ptc), stabilization of kidney function, and increased regulatory B cell and T cell survival cytokines. Additional studies are needed to understand the implications of B cell depletion on the crosstalk between T cells and B cells, and humoral components that regulate ABMR.
Exploring the Evolutes of Cubic Polynomials

We consider the evolutes of cubic polynomials y=13x3−λx , where λ is a positive constant, and explore some of their properties. In particular, we determine values for the parameter λ for which the ...
Visual Representations of Physical Trauma: A Medical Pedagogy

Incorporating a discussion of physical and emotional trauma in medical education can help prepare students for their encounters with trauma survivors in clinical practice. A pedagogical approach begins with an inquiry into the purpose of historical or current representations of torture. Justifications include rationalizing state-sponsored torture, providing an outlet for critique and protest, and organizing representations of the enemy. Discussions of torture must further address the emotional and symbolic effects of clinical work with torture survivors on the caregiver. Introductory workshops using visual representations can trigger pain, fear and anger in the viewer. Images of torture, war, and genocide may also invoke ethical concerns relating to the impact of visual images, where viewing can elicit an ambiguous response, casting the viewer into the role of voyeur. At the same time, learners should recognize that indifference or inattention to the provocations mediated through images has its own liabilities, signaling defensiveness. Discussions about the respective roles of perpetrators, victims and observers offer opportunities for the viewer to engage in self-reflection. Artistic representations also offer opportunities for advocacy on the survivor's behalf, sometimes facilitated by dissemination of visual representations, but also by involving the survivors themselves in activities that exploit the healing power of art.
Numerical algorithm of multipole expansion method for conductivity of ellipsoidal particle composite

Abstract The paper addresses the numerical implementation of the multipole expansion method in application to the conductivity problem for the ellipsoidal particle composite with isotropic constituents and imperfect interfaces. The main steps of the numerical algorithm are considered in detail including generation of the geometry model, evaluating the re-expansion coefficients, fulfilling the periodicity and interface conditions and determination of the series expansion coefficients by iterative solving a set of linear equations. For each step, the numerical tests are performed which illustrate an accuracy and efficiency of the method. The rational computational strategies and the ways of boosting the computer code performance are discussed. The algorithm-based code provides a fast and accurate analysis of the local potential fields and the effective conductivity of composite with an adequate account for the arrangement and orientation of inhomogeneities. The imperfect thermal contact between the matrix and inhomogeneities is taken into account accurately. The application area covers the polydisperse and multiphase composites of matrix type. Its extension to the ellipsoidal particle composites with anisotropic constituents is straightforward. Incorporation of this feature yields possibly the most general model of composite that may be considered in the framework of analytical approach, and the proposed numerical algorithm is by far the most efficient method for studying these models.
EFFECT OF SOME STORAGE CONDITIONS ON SOME COOKING AND EATING RICE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

Egyptian paddy rice Sakha 102 and Giza 179 as a short variety and Egyptian Yasmine local aromatic as a long variety were used to discuss investigate the effect of different initial moisture content (12, 14, 16 and 18%) after storage period (12 months) on cooking and eating characteristics of rice grain. Significant differences between the three rice varieties were observed for all studied characters except cooking time character. Also the effect of different storage period (3,6,9,12 months) at constant initial moisture content in same storage conditions and well ventilated were-house for on cooking and eating characters for three Egyptian variety were also investigated. No significant differences in most studied characters mean values were estimated up to 6 months storage period on virtually all measured characters.
Making Disciplinary-Based Theories of the Nonprofit Sector Accessible for Students: An Example Using a Theory From Political Science

Scholars rely on a range of theories from a variety of disciplines to study the nonprofit sector in the United States. Students often struggle to make sense of these theories and understand what they contribute to the knowledge of the sector. We offer a novel pedagogical approach that involves (1) grounding theories within their home discipline and presenting underlying assumptions, providing a pedagogical framework that supports student learning by (2) identifying the levels of analysis relevant to particular theories and facilitating discussion around other theory characteristics, (3) detailing the specific contributions theories make to the field of nonprofit studies, and (4) connecting theories to persistent challenges facing practitioners. We illustrate this approach using Douglas’ market model of democracy, a theory of the sector from political science. Informal student feedback over 2 years of graduate-level instruction underscores the efficacy of this approach and its utility for future instruction. Subscribe to JNEL
Several realizations of Fock modules for toroidal Ü q , d ( n ) $\ddot {U}_{q,d}(\mathfrak {sl}_{n})$

In this paper, we relate the well-known Fock representations of $\ddot {U}_{q,d}(\mathfrak {sl}_{n})$ to the vertex, shuffle, and ‘L-operator’ representations of $\ddot {U}_{q,d}(\mathfrak {sl}_{n})$ . These identifications generalize those for the quantum toroidal algebra of $\mathfrak {gl}_{1}$ , which were recently established in Feigin et al. (J. Phys. A 48(24), 244001, 2015).
LRH-1 NUTRIGENOMICS: The Provision of Lauric Acid Results in the Endogenous Production of the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Ligand, Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, and LRH-1 Transactivation

Background: The unusual phosphatidylcholine species, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), has been reported to bind and activate the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). To date, DLPC has not been reported endogenously in metabolomic databases. Objective: Herein, we test the hypothesis that the provision of the acyl constituent of DLPC, lauric acid (C12:0), a saturated fatty acid rich in tropical oils such as coconut oil, will 1) result in endogenous DLPC production and 2) enhance LRH-1 transcriptional activity. Methods: We measured DLPC following provision of C12:0 to HepG2 cells, C57/BL6J mice, and to healthy human participants in an acute, randomized, controlled cross-over trial. LRH-1fl/fl and LRH-1fl/fl Albumin-Cre mice were used in ex vivo and in vivo approaches. to assess the impact of C12:0 on LRH-1 target gene expression. 1-13C-lauric acid and methyl-d9-choline were used to assess DLPC production dynamics. Results: DLPC was not observed in any C12:0-free approach. Provision of C12:0 in the culture media or to C57/BL6J mice resulted in the rapid production of DLPC, including DLPCs presence in multiple LRH-1 expressing tissues. Coconut oil-fed human participants exhibited DLPC in postprandial serum samples. Ex vivo and in vivo C12:0 provision resulted in increased mRNA expression of LRH-1 target genes, an effect that was not observed in hepatic knockout mice. Methyl-d9-choline administration revealed a complex reliance on CDP-choline-derived DLPC. Conclusion: C12:0 provision results in endogenous production of the LRH-1 ligand, DLPC, and LRH-1 transcriptional activation phenotypes. Our findings highlight pleiotropic effects of lauric acid, a common hypercholesterolemic dietary saturated fatty acid, secondary to LRH-1 agonism.
What's the Appropriate Target of Allocative Justification?

Peterson, Aas, and Wasserman (2021) advance a prospective benefit framework that aims to account for a more holistic picture of patient well-being than previous proposals. To achieve this, they inc...
On the Inequity of Predicting A While Hoping for B

Algorithms trained to predict mismeasured proxy variables can reproduce and scale up racial bias. This mechanism of algorithmic bias is distinct from others in the literature and harder to detect. We show this using examples from health care, but the forces we consider apply to a range of other important social sectors.
Insider Trading: Has Society Handcuffed Market Efficiency without Cause?

This paper poses the question whether insider trading should be legalized. The paper proceeds to introduce the work of the academic father of insider trading, Henry G. Manne, and proceeds to introduce his critics arguments before ending with a surprising conclusion. There is no right or wrong answer to the prudence of legalizing insider trading; rather, it’s a choice society must make by weighing its preferences for market efficiency versus market fairness.
Beyond New Regionalism, Beyond Global Production Networks: Remaking the Sunan Model, China

I attempt to advance the research on globalization and regional development in China through a study of Kunshan City. I investigate the restructuring process, the structure of foreign direct investment, and the nature of global and local networks to understand trajectories and models of regional development in the context of globalization. I highlight the interactions of the Chinese state, transnational corporations (TNCs), and regional assets in shaping the trajectories of regional development. I argue that Kunshan's pathway to globalizing regional development is state centered and heavily dependent on global forces, which has made Kunshan a TNC satellite district and a dual city segmented between TNCs and domestic firms. I also argue that TNCs' local embeddedness has to be positioned in their global and external networks and that the assessment of regional development has to be conditioned upon a region's specific context. The findings suggest that neither new regionalism nor global production network perspectives can fully explain regional development in China with huge domestic markets and large regional disparities. I promote an alternative, middle-ground perspective to regional development to better integrate global forces, state institutions, and local contexts. Such a third approach to regional development has the potential to localize TNCs and to develop indigenous capacities.
Shock tube investigation of high-temperature, extremely-rich oxidation of several co-optima biofuels for spark-ignition engines

Abstract To reduce the reliance on fossil fuels in the transportation sector and increase combustion efficiency, the Co-Optima initiative from US Department of Energy identified the top 10 biofuels for downsized, boosted, spark-ignition engines. Most of these biofuels have detailed reaction mechanisms available in literature developed based on studies at temperatures lower than 1700 K and an equivalence ratio of less than five. As such, the performance of these detailed mechanisms at high temperature and extremely rich conditions are unknown. It is important to validate kinetic mechanisms at these conditions because they are conducive to soot formation. Prediction of soot by chemical kinetic models relies on the prediction of underlying benchmark species like carbon monoxide and ethylene. In this work, we conduct high temperature (1700–2050 K) and high equivalence ratio(Φ=8.6) oxidation of these biofuels, namely 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (α-diisobutylene), ethanol, cyclopentanone, methyl acetate, and 2-methylfuran, blended in ethylene behind reflected shock waves at 4–4.7 atm pressure. Carbon monoxide and ethylene time histories are measured simultaneously using a continuous feedback quantum cascade laser near 4.9 µm and a tunable CO2 gas laser at 10.532 nm, respectively. Results show that ethanol blend forms more carbon monoxide than other biofuels and consumes ethylene faster than the biofuel blends in the temperature range considered. The performance of different mechanisms in literature are evaluated against the experimental results. The novel reaction mechanism ‘the Co-Optima model’, which includes the sub mechanisms for all the biofuels in this study, was found to be the best mechanism for the experimental conditions studied.
Interpreter based assignments for a standard programming languages course

This tutorial will demonstrate how to use MuLE (MUltiple Language Environment) based projects in a programming languages design and implementation course. MuLE is a software tool (consisting primarily of four languages from different paradigms) developed to support combining the comparative and interpretive approaches to teaching the programming languages course. MuLE projects vary from small labs to programming a component within a larger existing program to programming in the large.
Philosophy and politics in the thought of John Wyclif

John Wyclif was the fourteenth-century English thinker responsible for the first English Bible, and for the Lollard movement which was persecuted widely for its attempts to reform the Church through empowerment of the laity. Wyclif had also been an Oxford philosopher, and was in the service of John of Gaunt, the powerful duke of Lancaster. In several of Wyclif's formal, Latin works he proposed that the king ought to take control of all Church property and power in the kingdom - a vision close to what Henry VIII was to realize 150 years later. This book argues that Wyclif's political programme was based on a coherent philosophical vision ultimately consistent with his other reformative ideas, identifying a consistency between his realist metaphysics and his political and ecclesiological theory.
A multivariate GARCH model with volatility spill-over and time-varying correlations

There is now a wide array of GARCH models available that are able to capture many important features of a univariate return time series. However, a lot of questions still remain open about which models are suitable for capturing the dynamics of multivariate return time series. This paper introduces a model for asset returns that incorporates joint heteroscedasticity as well as time varying correlations. It nests the model with cross-sectional volatility by Hwang and Satchell (2005) as well as the dynamical conditional correlation framework by Engle (1999). We t the model to ten years of data for stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The empirical results suggest that the average pairwise correlation behaves strongly countercyclical. This means that the benets of diversication go down exactly when they are most desirable, which might serve as an explanation why the volatility smile in index options tends to be more pronounced than in individual stocks options.
Interconnectedness and interdependencies of critical infrastructures in the US economy: Implications for resilience

Abstract Natural disasters in 2011 yielded close to $55 billion in economic damages alone in the United States (US), which highlights the need to reduce impacts of such disasters or other deliberate attacks. The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) identifies a list of 16 Critical Infrastructure Sectors (CIS) whose incapacity due to disruptions would have a debilitating impact on the nation’s economy. The goal of this work is to understand the implications of interdependencies among CIS on the resilience of the US economic system as a whole. We develop a framework that combines the empirical economic input–output (EIO) model with graph theory based techniques for understanding interdependencies, interconnectedness and resilience in the US economic system. By representing the US economy as a network, we are able to analyze its topology by separately looking at its unweighted and weighted forms. Topological analysis of the US EIO network suggests that it exhibits small world properties for the unweighted case, and in the weighted case, the throughput of industry sectors follows a power-law with an exponential cutoff. Implications of these topological properties are discussed in the paper. We also simulate hypothetical disruptions on CIS in order to identify industrial sectors that experience the largest economic impacts, and to quantify systemic vulnerability in economic terms. In addition, insights from community detection and hypothetical disruption scenarios help assess vulnerability of individual industrial communities to disruptions on individual CIS. These methodologies also provide insights regarding the extent of coupling between each CIS in the US EIO network. Based on our analysis, we observe that excessive interconnectedness and interdependencies of CIS results in high systemic vulnerability. This information can guide policymakers to design policies that improve resilience of economic networks, and evaluate policies that might indirectly increase coupling between CIS.
Kinetics and radiative processes in Xe/I/sub 2/ inductively coupled RF discharges at low pressure

Summary form only given. The environmental concern over the presence of mercury in conventional fluorescent lamps has motivated research into alternative electrically efficient near UV plasma lighting sources. One such candidate is multi-wavelength UV emission from Xe/I/sub 2/ mixtures, including excimer radiation from XeI* at 253 nm. Previous studies of the XeI* system were performed at high pressures and were intended for laser applications. Practical Xe/I/sub 2/ lamps are likely to operate in the 0.5-10 Torr regime and use electrodeless excitation to avoid issues related to electrode erosion by the halogen. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of low pressure, inductively coupled plasmas sustained in Xe/I/sub 2/ mixtures. The goals of this work are to characterize the UV emission and determine excitation mechanisms in a parameter space of interest to lighting applications.
Constructing 2 × 2 Bricks from Unitary Numerical Semigroups

This paper investigates numerical semigroups that yield 2 × 2 bricks. We demonstrate the existence of an infinite family of 2 × 2 bricks that includes all of the perfect 2 × 2 bricks. We provide a formula for the Frobenius numbers of these semigroups as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for the semigroups to be symmetric.
Heckman, Kostant, and Steinberg Formulas for Symplectic Manifolds

Abstract Let M be a compact symplectic manifold on which a compact connected Lie group, K, acts in a Hamiltonian fashion. In Part I we derive a formula for J∗(β M ) which generalizes the Heckman formula for co-adjoint orbits. (Here J is the moment map associated with the action of K on M and βM the Liouville measure on M.) In Part II we derive a “quantum” analogue of this formula which extends to the symplectic setting classical multiplicity formulas of Kostant and Steinberg.
Optical integrated modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

This paper summarizes the optical integrated modeling efforts for the James Webb Space Telescope reported from 2003 to 2009. The topics include: 1) development of the linear optical model (or LOM), 2) the extension of the LOM to a field of view, 3) tolerance analysis of figure and alignment modes of the telescope, 4) introduction of math software toolkits, 5) system level modeling and closed loop alignment updates of the observatory on orbit, and 6) primary mirror figure compensation of large figure aberration.
When do alcoholics first discuss drinking problems

Data from a sample of 338 alcoholics who were identified from medical record reviews and diagnosed as alcohol dependent according to DSM-III criteria by means of a structured psychiatric interview were analyzed to determine when in the course of alcohol disorder development first discussion with a health professional about their drinking problems had occurred. The data support an image of alcoholics as experiencing many drinking problems before seeking professional help and, particularly, before attending AA. These data point to early identification as a possible fruitful strategy to alleviate some of the social costs of drinking problems.
Effect of strength degradation on wear and friction

A theoretical expression for wear rate as a function of sliding velocity has been formulated from the concepts of crack propagation, thermal activation, and strength degradation and the analytic results have been tested against the experimental data to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex behavior. A similar equation describing the relationship between the wear rate and normal load has also been provided. The coefficient of friction has been analyzed theoretically as a function of normal load and sliding velocity and compared with the experimental results. The coefficient of adhesion has given an expression by employing two approaches: average crack propagation velocity and atomic residence time concepts. Consideration of strength degradation has led to a wear rate equation which does explain the experimental result satisfactorily for polymer composites. Some thoughts has been given to the atomic chain orientation effect on wear and friction, and also the boundary lubrication phenomena have been described briefly.
Changes in the Lipids of Cells from Aging Populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis

SYNOPSIS. Lipids in aging cultures of Tetrakymena pyriformis were extracted at various times after inoculation, purified, and weighed or chromatographed on thin layers of silica gel. The total cellular lipid increased throughout logarithmic and early stationary phases but decreased sharply after 72 hr. The amount of one lipid class, probably the triglycerides, followed the same trends. It may be a cellular reserve.
The effects of putative 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor active agents ond-amphetamine self-administration in controls and rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median forebrain bundle lesion

Abstract Animals in which 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) was bilaterally injected into the median forebrain bundle (MFB) and sham lesioned animals were allowed access to an apparatus which delivered, upon lever pressing, intravenous d -amphetamine injections. MFB lesioned rats achieved stable self-injections patterns and self-administered more drug per test session than controls. A number of agents known to either directly or indirectly affect 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor function were administered prior to d -amphetamine access. The responses to these pretreatments in lesioned vs non-lesioned rats were markedly different. Pretreatment with l -tryptophan reduced the number of d -amphetamine self-injections in sham lesioned rats but had no effect in MFB lesioned animals. Fluoxetine pretreatment, likewise, reduced responding in non-lesioned rats and had no observable effect in lesioned animals. Quipazine markedy reduced self-injection in control rats but was not evaluated in the lesioned group. The putative 5-HT antagonists utilized, cyproheptadine and methysergide, unpredictably reduced self-injection frequency of non-lesioned animals in a dose related manner. When MFB lesioned animals were pretreated with cyproheptadine, rapid bursts of lever pressing were observed and 3 of 6 animals thus treated died as a result (presumably amphetamine overdose). In the remaining animals, methysergide produced a similar marked increase in self-injection rate. While these data may suggest that, in some instances, non-serotonergic mechanisms are involved, for the most part it would appear that 5-HT containing neurons are of major import in some aspect of d -amphetamine self-administration.
Quantification as an act of mind

This paper presents an algebraic treatment of logic, aiming to further the project of a "subjective semantics" for quantification, identity, and modality. Semantics has largely concentrated on truth and reference, the relation of language to the world, and this is part of its usual definition. It has also been the discipline which offers theories to explain the logical behavior of various sorts of expressions traditionally studied in logic: connectors, modalities, quantifiers, abstractors, the identity predicate, and so forth. Recently a number of studies have concentrated on the relation between language and the states of mind (generally epistemic or doxastic attitudes) of its users, to provide such explanations, and the term "semantics" has also been used there.' The present study will be among these. Truth and reference will be eschewed. Intuitive descriptions of the framework will be given, albeit briefly, in terms of mental operations on propositions (regarded therefore as the sort of thing which we can vary or modify in imagination). Generality will be part of the aim; neutrality with respect to certain nonclassical logics will be guarded. The Appendix will show how standard semantic analyses can fit into this general framework. The algebraic (latticewith-transformations) analysis of modality, quantification and identity given here may therefore be of some interest outside 'subjective semantics' as well.
Prestress mediates force propagation into the nucleus.

Abstract Several reports show that the nucleus is 10 times stiffer than the cytoplasm. Hence, it is not clear if intra-nuclear structures can be directly deformed by a load of physiologic magnitudes. If a physiologic load could not directly deform intra-nuclear structures, then signaling inside the nucleus would occur only via the mechanisms of diffusion or translocation. Using a synchronous detection approach, we quantified displacements of nucleolar structures in cultured airway smooth muscle cells in response to a localized physiologic load (∼0.4 μm surface deformation) via integrin receptors. The nucleolus exhibited significant displacements. Nucleolar structures also exhibited significant deformation, with the dominant strain being the bulk strain. Increasing the pre-existing tensile stress (prestress) in the cytoskeleton significantly increased the stress propagation efficiency to the nucleolus (defined as nucleolus displacement per surface deformation) whereas decreasing the prestress significantly lowered the stress propagation efficiency to the nucleolus. Abolishing the stress fibers/actin bundles by plating the cells on poly- l -lysine-coated dishes dramatically inhibited stress propagation to the nucleolus. These results demonstrate that the prestress in the cytoskeleton is crucial in mediating stress propagation to the nucleolus, with implications for direct mechanical regulation of nuclear activities and functions.
Towards the Understanding of Sintering Phenomena at the Nanoscale: Geometric and Environmental Effects

One of the technologically most important requirements for the application of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) to the field of heterogeneous catalysis is the achievement of thermally and chemically stable systems under reaction conditions. For this purpose, a thorough understanding of the different pathways underlying coarsening phenomena is needed. In particular, in depth knowledge must be achieved on the role of the NP synthesis method, geometrical features of the NPs (size and shape), initial NP dispersion on the support (interparticle distance), support pre-treatment (affecting its morphology and chemical state), and reaction environment (gaseous or liquid medium, pressure, temperature). This study provides examples of the stability and sintering behavior of nanoscale systems monitored ex situ, in situ, and under operando conditions via transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Experimental data corresponding to physical-vapor-deposited and micelle-synthesized metal (Pt, Au) NPs supported on TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 will be used to illustrate Ostwald-ripening and diffusion coalescence processes. In addition, the role of the annealing environment (H2, O2, water vapor) on the stability of NPs will be discussed.
Oligonucleotide microarray based detection of repetitive sequence changes.

Prior studies of oligonucleotide microarray-based mutational analysis have demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity except in circumstances where a frameshift mutation occurs in the context of a short repeated sequence. To further evaluate this circumstance, a series of nucleic acid samples having heterozygous mutations within repetitive BRCA1 sequence tracts was prepared and evaluated. These mutations included single nucleotide insertions and deletions in homopolymer runs, insertions and deletions of trinucleotide repeats, and duplications. Two-color comparative hybridization experiments were used wherein wild type reference and test targets are co-hybridized to microarrays designed to screen the entire BRCA1 coding sequence for all possible sequence changes. Mutations in simulated heterozygote samples were detected by observing relative losses of test target hybridization signal to select perfect match oligonucleotide probes. While heterozygous mutations could be readily distinguished above background noise in 9/19 cases, it was not possible to detect alterations in a poly dA/dT tract, small triplet repeat expansions, and a 10 bp direct repeat. Unexpectedly, samples containing (GAT)(3) triplet repeat expansions showed significantly higher affinity toward specific perfect match probes relative to their wild type counterparts. Therefore, markedly increased as well as decreased test sample hybridization to perfect match probes should be used to raise a suspicion of repetitive sequence changes.
Special issues on advances in quantitative genetics: introduction

Fisher's (1918) classic paper on the inheritance of complex traits not only founded the field of quantitative genetics, but also coined the term variance and introduced the powerful statistical method of analysis of variance. This was a watershed paper, reconciling the Mendelian's discrete and saltatorial view of trait evolution with the gradual and continuous view of Darwin's followers, the biometricians (Provine, 1971). This fusion of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection was the start of the modern evolutionary synthesis. Fisher's paper also marked a critical point in modern statistics, and this synergism between the development of new statistical methods and the ever-increasing complexity of genetic/genomic data sets continues to this day.
Criteria for developing performance measurement systems in the public sector

The United States Government is placing increased emphasis on the development of financial measures, and measures of program effectiveness. The authors discuss government efforts in these areas. Various approaches and criteria are presented for the development of performance measurement systems, as well as generic criteria for selecting performance indicators, and obstacles to the process. Experience indicates that development of a performance measurement system is best served by a strategic planning approach with top management support, active management participation in goal setting, a small manageable number of goals, a strong link with the budget process, and an independent evaluation process.
Social Distance as a Measure of Prejudice Among Ethnic Groups in the United States

Data from surveys representative of the population of the United States were used to investigate 2 aspects of social distance as a measure of prejudice among Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, Jews, Asians, and Blacks. The results extended through 2000 a 65-year decline in prejudice. But, contrary to expectations, these groups were, on average, significantly opposed to virtually all other ethnic groups living in their neighborhoods or marrying their close relatives. The findings suggest that the popular hierarchical explanation of social distances with Whites at the top, Jews next, followed by Asians and Hispanics, and Blacks at the bottom is incorrect. A more accurate explanation is proposed.
Transient symptomatic subendocardial ischemia during intravenous magnesium sulfate tocolytic therapy.

Although β-sympathomimetic tocolytic therapy has been associated with transient subendocardial ischemia, magnesium sulfate has rarely been noted to cause acute chest pain and is, in fact, known to improve myocardial perfusion in patients with variant angina. We believe this report represents the first case in which intravenous magnesium sulfate administered as a tocolytic agent caused acute chest pain accompanied by transient electrocardiographic evidence of subendocardial ischemia.