cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The IFLA Trend Report and Library Horizons

The IFLA Trend Report was published in August of 2013 to provide library and information professionals with a view of the possible futures for the information society. Experts from around the world were called together to explore societal and technological issues that might be driving society in the future. Chosen not from the library world, but from a range of different disciplines and organizations, these individuals provided IFLA with a broader view of the global information environment. The trends identified included new technologies, online education, privacy and data protection, hyper-connected societies and the transformation of the global information environment. Here the results of these deliberations are explored and discussed to develop a better understanding of what might lie ahead for the information society. The Trend Report, along with other documents from the area of higher education futures can provide all libraries with the information they require to move smoothly and swiftly into the next version of the information society.
A study of numerically efficient algorithms for power system dynamic analysis

In this paper, the multirate method is introduced to analyze power system behavior including linear and nonlinear systems with widely varying time constants. The development and study of time domain simulation techniques and error detection are discussed. The results, both in terms of accuracy and computation time, are compared to traditional simulation methods in a small nonlinear power system example. >
The Word from a Walrus: Five Decades of the History of Education Society

This essay is an attempt at an institutional history of the History of Education Society (HES), from its inception in 1960 to the present day. As an institutional history, a genre with which I am generally, and not altogether favorably associated, it is not an intellectual history. Thus, many of the intellectual currents and cross-currents, as well as the History of Education Quarterly (HEQ), the journal of the HES in which these intellectual movements were featured, are slighted in this presentation. I deal extensively with one intellectual movement within the field, the Bernard Bailyn-Lawrence Cremin critique of the field as too institutional and intellectually narrow, because it was so intimately involved with the creation of the HES, and the attendant de-emphasis, if not rejection, of the institutional history of education that was dominant in the pre-HES history of education organization. I hope that what follows will be interesting enough to my listeners and readers to explain to them the reasons for my choices.
Prediction of fracture toughness scatter of composite materials

Abstract Fracture toughness of a composite material is not a deterministic property. This is primarily due to the stochastic nature of its microstructure as well as the activation of different fracture mechanisms during the crack-microstructure interactions. Although Weibull distribution has been widely used to determine the probability of material fracture, its role has been confined to fitting fracture toughness data rather than providing predictive insight of material fracture toughness and the magnitude of scatter. Besides, the Weibull parameters which are obtained through curve fitting carry little physical significance. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict fracture toughness in a statistical sense. The Weibull distribution parameters are correlated with the statistical measures of microstructure characteristics and the statistical characterization of the competition between crack deflection and crack penetration at matrix/reinforcement interfaces. Although the quantification is specific to Al2O3/TiB2 composites, the approach and model developed here can be applied to other materials. The established correlations will lead to more reliable material design.
Neural/fuzzy systems for incipient fault detection in induction motors

Industrial motors are subject to incipient faults which, if undetected, can lead to motor failure. The necessity of incipient fault detection can be justified by safety and economical reasons. The technology of artificial neural networks has been successfully used to solve the motor incipient fault detection problem. The artificial neural network, however, does not provide any heuristic knowledge of the fault detection procedure. This paper will introduce a hybrid neural network/fuzzy logic system that not only provides better performance on detecting motor faults, but also allows heuristic interpretation of the network fault detection process. The system will be applied to bearing faults in single phase induction motors. The paper will discuss how to extract heuristic information from the system to gain further insight into the motor fault detection procedure. >
Coal Pile Leachate Quality

Coal type, coal size and coal storage technique are three important factors which determine coal storage pile leachate quality. A factorial experimental design including all possible combinations of these three factors (each at two levels) was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions for a storage period of 119 days, including nine simulated rainfall events. Coal type was significant as it determines the amount of available pollutants which may be leached from the coal during each rainfall event. Coal particle size and storage technique were found to be of little importance during the first rainfall, but became increasingly important in influencing leachate quality as time and number of rainfall events increased. Some form of treatment is necessary if coal storage pile leachate is to meet the pH standards which currently exist for NPDES discharges from steam-electric power plants.
Stimulator of IFN Gene Is Critical for Induction of IFN-β during Chlamydia muridarum Infection

Type I IFN signaling has recently been shown to be detrimental to the host during infection with Chlamydia muridarum in both mouse lung and female genital tract. However, the pattern recognition receptor and the signaling pathways involved in chlamydial-induced IFN-β are unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated no role for TLR4 and a partial role for MyD88 in chlamydial-induced IFN-β. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse macrophages lacking TLR3, TRIF, TLR7, or TLR9 individually or both TLR4 and MyD88, still induce IFN-β equivalent to wild type controls, leading to the hypothesis that TLR-independent cytosolic pathogen receptor pathways are crucial for this response. Silencing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 in HeLa cells partially decreased chlamydial-induced IFN-β. Independently, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the stimulator of IFN gene (STING) protein in HeLa cells and mouse oviduct epithelial cells significantly decreased IFN-β mRNA expression, suggesting a critical role for STING in chlamydial-induced IFN-β induction. Conversely, silencing of mitochondria-associated antiviral signaling proteins and the Rig-I–like receptors, RIG-I, and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5, had no effect. In addition, induction of IFN-β depended on the downstream transcription IFN regulatory factor 3, and on activation of NF-κB and MAPK p38. Finally, STING, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein, was found to localize in close proximity to the chlamydial inclusion membrane during infection. These results indicate that C. muridarum induces IFN-β via stimulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 pathway, and TLR- and Rig-I–like receptor-independent pathways that require STING, culminating in activation of IFN regulatory factor 3, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK.
The Challenge of Understanding the Brain: Where We Stand in 2015

Starting with the work of Cajal more than 100 years ago, neuroscience has sought to understand how the cells of the brain give rise to cognitive functions. How far has neuroscience progressed in this endeavor? This Perspective assesses progress in elucidating five basic brain processes: visual recognition, long-term memory, short-term memory, action selection, and motor control. Each of these processes entails several levels of analysis: the behavioral properties, the underlying computational algorithm, and the cellular/network mechanisms that implement that algorithm. At this juncture, while many questions remain unanswered, achievements in several areas of research have made it possible to relate specific properties of brain networks to cognitive functions. What has been learned reveals, at least in rough outline, how cognitive processes can be an emergent property of neurons and their connections.
Hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene over CoOMoO3Al2O3 catalyst

Abstract Hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene has been investigated over CoOMoO 3 Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Studies were made with a stirred-batch minireactor at temperatures of 200 to 400 °C and 1250 psig. The hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene proceeds by two separate mechanisms, both pseudo-first order in benzothiophene. At increased hydrogen sulfide concentration levels, a back reaction occurs between styrene and hydrogen sulfide with the formation of 1-phenylethanethiol and 2-phenylethanethiol.
Microarray Analyses of Glucocorticoid and Vitamin D3 Target Genes in Differentiating Cultured Human Podocytes

Glomerular podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells that are key components of the kidney filtration units. Podocyte damage or loss is the hallmark of nephritic diseases characterized by severe proteinuria. Recent studies implicate that hormones including glucocorticoids (ligand for glucocorticoid receptor) and vitamin D3 (ligand for vitamin D receptor) protect or promote repair of podocytes from injury. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hormone-mediated podocyte-protecting activity from injury, we carried out microarray gene expression studies to identify the target genes and corresponding pathways in response to these hormones during podocyte differentiation. We used immortalized human cultured podocytes (HPCs) as a model system and carried out in vitro differentiation assays followed by dexamethasone (Dex) or vitamin D3 (VD3) treatment. Upon the induction of differentiation, multiple functional categories including cell cycle, organelle dynamics, mitochondrion, apoptosis and cytoskeleton organization were among the most significantly affected. Interestingly, while Dex and VD3 are capable of protecting podocytes from injury, they only share limited target genes and affected pathways. Compared to VD3 treatment, Dex had a broader and greater impact on gene expression profiles. In-depth analyses of Dex altered genes indicate that Dex crosstalks with a broad spectrum of signaling pathways, of which inflammatory responses, cell migration, angiogenesis, NF-κB and TGFβ pathways are predominantly altered. Together, our study provides new information and identifies several new avenues for future investigation of hormone signaling in podocytes.
A method to estimate the volume fraction of precipitates with ellipsoidal morphology from elastic modulus data

Abstract A method to estimate the volume fraction of precipitates with ellipsoidal morphology from elastic modulus data is developed based on the “strength of material” type of approximate solution for the Young's modulus of the two-phase material. Exprimental verification of the method is accomplished using Young's modulus data collected on solution-treated and aged Beta III titanium alloy.
SEQuel: improving the accuracy of genome assemblies.

Motivation: Assemblies of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, although accurate, still contain a substantial number of errors that need to be corrected after the assembly process. We develop SEQuel, a tool that corrects errors (i.e. insertions, deletions and substitution errors) in the assembled contigs. Fundamental to the algorithm behind SEQuel is the positional de Bruijn graph, a graph structure that models k-mers within reads while incorporating the approximate positions of reads into the model. Results: SEQuel reduced the number of small insertions and deletions in the assemblies of standard multi-cell Escherichia coli data by almost half, and corrected between 30% and 94% of the substitution errors. Further, we show SEQuel is imperative to improving single-cell assembly, which is inherently more challenging due to higher error rates and non-uniform coverage; over half of the small indels, and substitution errors in the single-cell assemblies were corrected. We apply SEQuel to the recently assembled Deltaproteobacterium SAR324 genome, which is the first bacterial genome with a comprehensive single-cell genome assembly, and make over 800 changes (insertions, deletions and substitutions) to refine this assembly. Availability: SEQuel can be used as a post-processing step in combination with any NGS assembler and is freely available at http://bix.ucsd.edu/SEQuel/. Contact: ude.dscu.sc@renzvepp
Ethnic Minority Training in Counseling Psychology Comparisons with Clinical Psychology and Proposed Standards

This study evaluated the status of multicultural training in counseling programs approved by the American Psychological Association (APA) (n= 41) and compared these programs to (a) clinical psychology programs (n = 104) and (b) existing standards and recommendations proposed in literature, for example, by Bernal and Castro, and Ridley, Mendoza, and Kanitz. Results suggested that compared to clinical programs counseling psychology programs demonstrated significantly higher commitment to multicultural training. However, the effect size of the differences between these two psychology specialties was small. Moreover, normative data from counseling psychology programs indicated that most programs are providing training that leads to, at best, multicultural sensitivity, but very few appear to be providing training that prepares practitioners to be multiculturally proficient. Hence it was concluded that, although counseling psychology programs have potential to make significant contributions to the mental health...
Androgens and body fat distribution in men.

M&in et al. (18) report in this issue of OBESITY RESEARCH that treatment of men with abdominal obesity, using moderate doses of testosterone delivered by a transdermal patch, will decrease visceral fat mass and improve glucose disposal, dyslipidemia, and diastolic blood pressure. Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia. myocardial infarction, and stroke (23). In recent studies, it has been reported that there are metabolic differences between visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, with the interior visceral depot being more lipolytically active (20,5). Also, inmbdominal fat has been implicated in glucose homeostasis, with an increased
Revealing the invisible hand: The role of teachers in children's peer experiences

Abstract To introduce this special issue, the concept of the teacher as an “invisible hand” is presented as a metaphor to describe the potentially influential but relatively understudied contribution that educators are likely to have on children’s peer relationships and their broader interpersonal growth. Building from conceptual work distinguishing between the role of adults and peers in children’s social development, we summarize empirical support for the view that teachers are in a position to develop and guide the classroom as a society by simultaneously directing institutional expectations while also providing students with opportunities to collectively construct their own peer culture. Key social development constructs are reviewed from this lens, and the four articles and two commentaries that constitute this special issue are discussed in relation to their contributions to clarifying and extending current views of the role of teachers in school social dynamics. We conclude by considering intervention implications of this work, and we argue that teachers are the one professional in a child’s life who have the opportunity to view the whole child in relation to the social ecology in which he or she is embedded.
The incorporation of14C-glycerol into different species of diglycerides and triglycerides in rat liver slices

The relative rates of de novo synthesis of species of diglycerides and triglycerides from14C-glycerol were examined in rat liver slices. Diglycerides containing one or two double bonds per molecule and triglycerides containing four or more double bonds per molecule represented 70% and 60% respectively of the newly synthesized diglycerides and triglycerides. The newly synthesized triglycerides were more unsaturated than the endogenous triglycerides. Our results suggest that a nonrandom synthesis of species of diglycerides occurred followed by an almost random utilization of the various diglyceride species for the biosynthesis of triglycerides.
Supramolecular catalysis in the organic solid state through dry grinding.

[Figure Presented] Chemical mechanics: Hydrogen-bonddriven self-assembly and mechanochemistry are used to facilitate supramolecular catalysis in the solid state. Mortar-andpestle grinding proves to be an efficient means to achieve co-crystal formation and turnover using a physical mixture composed of an olefin and catalytic amounts of a ditopic template (see scheme). © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &. Co. KGaA.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to a δ-opioid receptor given intrathecally blocks i.c.v. administered β-endorphin-induced antinociception in the mouse

Abstract The antinociception induced by supraspinally administered β-endorphin is mediated by the release of Met-enkephalin and subsequent stimulation of δ-opioid receptors from the spinal cord in mice. Repeated intrathecal administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against δ-opioid receptors selectively attenuated i.c.v. administered β-endorphin-induced antinociception without any effect on the antinociception induced by μ-opioid receptor agonists, morphine and DAMGO, or κ-opioid receptor agonists, U50,488H. A random sequence oligodeoxynucleotide was inactive against β-endorphin-induced antinociception. The study confirms previous findings that the antinociception induced by β-endorphin is mediated by the stimulation of the δ-opioid receptors in the spinal cord.
An empirical investigation of the potential confounding variables in student evaluation of teaching

Abstract Prior research in psychology and education has extensively investigated the propriety of using student evaluation of teaching (SET) for administrative control purposes. This literature is in general agreement that SET are susceptible to variables which affect the SET but do not relate to effective instruction. A recent American Accounting Association (AAA) -sponsored monograph by Williams, Tiller, Herring and Scheiner (1988) suggested that accounting education research explore the extent to which reported validity results in these literatures carry over to accounting. The objective of the present study is to investigate three major questions: (a) Do SET differ across upper-level undergraduate accounting courses?, (b) What potential confounding variables are most highly associated with SET?, and (c) Can a model which includes these variables be constructed so that administrators might use it to control for these variables? Our results indicate that significant associations exist between SET, course identity, and grading policy.
An inhomogeneous Landau-like equation

The problem of the mixing of two plasmas is very difficult to solve if the methods of statistical mechanics are used. When both plasmas are homogeneous in space, and the limit of weak coupling is appropriate, the Landau equation describes the motion. An equation, similar to the Landau equation, is developed for the case when one of the plasmas is initially inhomogeneous in space. The equation is a power series in time and involves wave vectors in space. The short-time-after-mixing limit is considered, which restricts the number of wave vectors. A sample problem is presented of the short time development of an infinite-temperature spike interacting with a homogeneous plasma. The spike is found to move very rapidly from the origin owing to the long range of the forces. Extension of the time development past the initial short time requires consideration of destructive wave vectors in addition to the wave vector generation considered here.
A laboratory-based evaluation of exercise plus contingency management for reducing cigarette smoking.

Abstract Background Both contingency management (CM) and exercise have shown promise as smoking cessation treatments, but their combined effects have not been evaluated. The present study evaluated whether CM (in which motivational incentives are provided for abstinence) plus exercise reduced smoking more than either component alone. Method In a within-subjects design, 20 smokers were exposed to exercise plus CM, exercise plus CM-control (non-contingent incentives), inactivity plus CM, and inactivity plus CM-control. Results CM increased latencies to smoke and decreased total puffs ( Mdn s = 39.6 min and .8 puffs, respectively) relative to CM-control ( Mdn s = 2.5 min and 12.8 puffs). Exercise decreased craving relative to baseline for craving based on both the pleasurable consequences of smoking ( D = −10.7 on a 100-point visual analog scale) and anticipated relief from withdrawal ( D = −5.9), whereas inactivity increased both components of craving ( D s = 7.6 and 3.5). Exercise had no effect on smoking or a measure of temporal discounting. Conclusions Although exercise decreased craving, it did not affect smoking behavior. Exercise plus CM was not more effective than CM alone.
An investigation of the dissociation and denaturation of legumin by salts using laser light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Abstract The dissociation of legumin, a 12 S seed storage globulin from Pisum sativum, has been studied by laser light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Salts from the Hofmeister series, in particular sodium perchlorate, were used as dissociating agents. The Mr 360 000 hexameric protein was found to dissociate first to and trimers and further to monomers, and the number of amino acids involved in the trimer-trimer interaction estimated to be 23(±4). Native legumin appears to be more strongly bound together than some analogous seed storage globulins from other plant species such as Arachis hypogaea or Sesamum indicum and the dissociation process was accompanied by some changes in conformation.
Syndiospecific Synthesis of Longer p-n-Alkyl-Substituted Polystyrenes Using Monocyclopentadienyl-Type Titanium Catalysts

Substituted styrenes with linear alkyl substituents (C6 to C12) at the para position on the ring were synthesized and polymerized using the (Me)5CpTi(OMe)3/MAO catalytic system. Increased polymeriz...
Effects of ethionine on tRNA methylation in male and female rats.

Abstract Administration of hepatocarcinogens to rats results in an increase in tRNA methyltransferase activity in the target tissues. Ethionine is active as a carcinogen only in female rats and only in females is this increase in enzyme activity seen. However, ethionine also causes the formation of methyl-deficient tRNA in the liver. Other hepatocarcinogens do not do this. Ethionine is equally effective in this action in males and females. Thus, the two actions of ethionine are completely separable, and the methyl-deficiency of tRNA is caused by an activity not identical with the carcinogenic one.
A second mechanism of inhibition at the crayfish neuromuscular junction.

IN crayfish muscle fibres single stimulation of an inhibitory axon sets up small inhibitory junctional potentials (Fig. 1A). Fatt and Katz1 showed that such inhibitory potential changes are caused by an increase of the membrane conductance to ions (K+ and/or Cl−) with an ‘electrochemical equilibrium’ close to the resting potential. This equilibrium potential can readily be determined. For example, in the experiment of Fig. 1E short trains of depolarizing inhibitory potentials were repeated every 2 sec. Beginning at the arrow, the membrane was depolarized progressively by passing a current across it. The inhibitory potentials became smaller and eventually reversed their polarity at the equilibrium-level. A. basically similar mechanism has been found in all inhibitory synapses studied so far, for example, in motoneurons, the atrium of the heart and in stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish2. Here an additional mechanism is reported.
To Eat or Not to Eat Meat? Conversion, Bodily Practice, and the Relationship between Formal Worship and Everyday Life in the Anthropology of Religion and 1 Corinthians 8:7

This article aims to contribute to the topic of conversion in the New Testament by drawing upon insights from the anthropology of religion. Taking up Rebecca Sachs Norris’s focus on embodied culture, and Simon Coleman’s and Peter Collins’s extension of Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, I attempt to bring Paul’s argument in 1 Corinthians 8:7 into sharper focus by reflecting theoretically on the ingrained associations of bodily practice, and the relationship between ritual worship and everyday life. In doing so, I also aim to add complexity to our overall picture of “the Pauline model of conversion.”
Cosmic ray exposure dating with in situ produced cosmogenic 3He: Results from young Hawaiian lava flows

Cosmogenic helium contents in a suite of Hawaiian radiocarbon-dated lava flows were measured to study the use of the production rate of spallation-produced cosmogenic He-3 as a surface exposure chronometer. Basalt samples from the Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes were analyzed, showing that exposure-age dating is feasible in the 600-13000 year age range. The data suggest a present-day sea-level production rate in olivine of 125 + or - 30 atoms/g yr.
Tobacco Use and Cessation Among Pregnant Alaska Natives from Western Alaska Enrolled in the WIC Program, 2001–2002

Objectives This study examined the rate of tobacco use (cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco [ST]) at three time points: during the 3 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and at 6 weeks postpartum among Alaska Native women residing in the Y-K Delta region of Western Alaska. Methods A retrospective, non-randomized observational cohort design was utilized. The sample consisted of 832 Alaska Natives (mean maternal age = 26.2 years, average length of gestation = 3.8 months) seen at their first prenatal visit and enrolled in the women, infant, and children (WIC) program at the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Regional Hospital in Bethel, Alaska, during a 2-year-period (2001–2002). Tobacco use was assessed using an interview format at the first prenatal and at the 6-week postpartum visits. Results The rates of any tobacco use were 48% (95% CI 45%, 52%) 3 months before pregnancy, 79% (95% CI 76%, 82%) during pregnancy, and 70% (95% CI 67%, 74%) at 6 weeks postpartum. The proportion of women using ST changed significantly (P < 0.001) over the three time points (14%, 60%, and 61%, respectively) as well as the proportion of women who smoked cigarettes (P < 0.001) (40%, 42%, and 19%, respectively). Conclusions This study documents the high rate of tobacco use, particularly ST use, during pregnancy among Alaska Native women. Development of tobacco use prevention and cessation interventions during pregnancy for Alaska Native women is warranted.
The present role of radiofrequency catheter ablation in the management of cardiac arrhythmias

Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be used to treat a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. Yet while the spectrum of arrhythmias amenable to catheter ablation continues to expand, the protocol for whether or not catheter ablation should be recommended for the management of an individual patient has not been firmly established. This article summarizes the experience of one medical center with radiofrequency catheter ablation. The varieties of arrhythmias that may be effectively treated with catheter ablation, the probability of success, and the attendant risks of these procedures in this series are presented. In addition, the future applications of catheter ablation to cardiac arrhythmias are discussed.
In-set/out-of-set speaker recognition in sustained acoustic scenarios using sparse data

This study addresses the problem of identifying in-set versus out-of-set speakers in noise for limited train/test durations in situations where rapid detection and tracking is required. The objective is to form a decision as to whether the current input speaker is accepted as a member of an enrolled in-set group or rejected as an outside speaker. A new scoring algorithm that combines log likelihood scores across an energy-frequency grid is developed where high-energy speaker dependent frames are fused with weighted scores from low-energy noise dependent frames. By leveraging the balance between the speaker versus background noise environment, it is possible to realize an improvement in overall equal error rate performance. Using speakers from the TIMIT database with 5s of train and 2s of test, the average optimum relative EER performance improvement for the proposed full selective leveraging approach is +31.6%. The optimum relative EER performance improvement using 10s of NIST SRE-2008 is +10.8% using the proposed approach. The results confirm that for situations in which the background environment type remains constant between train and test, an in-set/out-of-set speaker recognition system that takes advantage of information gathered from the environmental noise can be formulated which realizes significant improvement when only extremely limited amounts of train/test data is available.
Dense heterarchies and mass communication as the basis of organization in ant colonies

Abstract A nt colonies are organized in dense heterarchies: communication occurs among most or all members and includes feedback loops from lower to higher units of organization. M uch of the regulation is based on mass communication, in which information is transmitted from group to group or group to individual rather than from individual to individual. F eedback loops involving mass communication are more precise than individual responses, which often consist of simple ‘rules of thumb' based on few stimuli. T he loops also produce patterns that emerge at the level of the colony and are difficult to predict from a knowledge of individual behavior alone. E xamples reviewed here are the control of foraging activity, oviposition by the queen, and emergency care of immature forms by the major worker caste.
Learning Style Analysis—A Commentary

Analysis of learning style by whatever instrumentation, needs to move toward synthesis in measurement of students' and teachers' styles and actual practice in the classroom. This requires advance beyond the observation of Goc Karp and Walker that college teaching tends to be done in the same style.
Some approaches for location of centroids of quartz grain outlines to increase homology between Fourier amplitude spectra

The ability to test for similarities and differences among families of shapes by closed-form Fourier expansion is greatly enhanced by the concept of homology. Underlying this concept is the assumption that each term of a Fourier series, when compared to the same term in another series, represents the “same thing”. A method that ensures homology is one which minimizes the “centering error,” as reflected in the first harmonic term of the Fourier expansion. The problem is to chose a set of edge points derived from a much larger, but variable, number of edge points such that a valid homologous Fourier series can be calculated. Methods are reviewed and criteria given to define a “proper” solution. An algorithm is presented which takes advantage of the fact that minimization of the “error term” can be accomplished by minimizing the distance between the origin of the polar coordinate system in the calculation of the Fourier series and the shape centroid. The use of this algorithm has produced higher quality solutions for quartz grain provenance studies.
Visualizing geospatial data

This course reviews concepts and highlights new directions in GeoVisualization. We review four levels of integrating geospatial data and geographic information systems (GIS) with scientific and information visualization (VIS) methods. These include:• Rudimentary: minimal data sharing between the GIS and Vis systems• Operational: consistency of geospatial data• Functional: transparent communication between the GIS and Vis systems• Merged: one comprehensive toolkit environmentWe review how to apply both information and scientific visualization fundamentals to the visual display of geospatial and geoinformatics data. Distributed GeoVisualization systems that allow for collaborative synchronous and asynchronous visual exploration and analysis of geospatial data via the Web, Internet, and large-screen group-enabled displays are discussed. This includes the application of intelligent agent and spatial data mining technologies. Case study examples are shown in real time during the course.
Oxygen uptake in larval bollworms (Heliothis zea) infected with iridescent virus

We measured oxygen uptake of iridescent virus infected and noninfected cotton bollworm (Heliothis zea) larvae. Oxygen uptake was measured in 8- through 17-day noninfected larvae, and in 8- through 24-day infected larvae. Readings were taken at 12-hr intervals so that ante meridiem (am) and post meridiem (pm) readings were made for each day. There were dramatic differences in oxygen uptake between the two groups. This was particularly true in days 7 through 12 of larval age. The greatest oxygen uptake in the infected group occurred on day 8 pm of larval age when 20.6 μl/hr was consumed. The minimum of uptake occurred in the infected group on day 20 am when 0.35 μl/hr was consumed. The maximum oxygen uptake in the noninfected group occurred on day 8 am when 1.32 μl/hr was consumed. The minimum in this group occurred on day 11 am when 0.29 μl/hr O2 was consumed.
Membrane and flexural waves on thin shells

Membrane and flexural waves are limiting short wavelength solutions of the equations of motion for arbitrarily curved, smooth shells. Each distinct wave type is found using a geometrical or ray method based upon asymptotics in the small parameters h/R, where h is thickness and R a minimum radius of curvature
Surface Mapping Using Consistent Pants Decomposition

Surface mapping is fundamental to shape computing and various downstream applications. This paper develops a pants decomposition framework for computing maps between surfaces with arbitrary topologies. The framework first conducts pants decomposition on both surfaces to segment them into consistent sets of pants patches (a pants patch is intuitively defined as a genus-0 surface with three boundaries), then composes global mapping between two surfaces by using harmonic maps of corresponding patches. This framework has several key advantages over existing techniques. First, it is automatic. It can automatically construct mappings for surfaces with complicated topology, guaranteeing the one-to-one continuity. Second, it is general and powerful. It flexibly handles mapping computation between surfaces with different topologies. Third, it is flexible. Despite topology and geometry, it can also integrate semantics requirements from users. Through a simple and intuitive human-computer interaction mechanism, the user can flexibly control the mapping behavior by enforcing point/curve constraints. Compared with traditional user-guided, piecewise surface mapping techniques, our new method is less labor intensive, more intuitive, and requires no user's expertise in computing complicated surface maps between arbitrary shapes. We conduct various experiments to demonstrate its modeling potential and effectiveness.
The nature of the stimulatory role of the supernatant fraction on triglyceride synthesis by the α-Glycerophosphate pathway

Evidence is presented as to the nature and mechanism of the stimulatory effect of the supernatant fraction on the biosynthesis of triglycerides via the α-glycerophosphate pathway in the intestinal mucosa. When microsomes are employed as the enzyme source, the major lipid formed from either labeled palmitic acid orl-α-glycerophosphate is phosphatidic acid and only a limited amount of triglyceride is synthesized. The addition of the supernatant fraction to microsomes results in a stimulation of triglyceride biosynthesis at the expense of phosphatidic acid. Employing the same microsomal fraction, the reaction sequence was followed step by step and the intermediates were isolated. The results suggest that the stimulatory role of the supernatant fraction can be attributed to the presence ofl-α-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4). The hydrolysis of the biosynthesized microsomal phosphatidic acid by the supernatant enzyme occurs at a faster rate than the hydrolysis of added phosphatidic acid prepared from egg lecithin. The initial acylation steps in the biosynthesis of triglycerides or phosphatidic acid via the glycerophosphate pathway occur only in the presence of fatty acid and the cofactors necessary for its activation. Under these conditions, fatty acyl-CoA will not substitute for the fatty acid activation system.
Optimal Broadcast and Summation on Hierarchical Ring Architectures

In this paper, we present several optimal and nearly optimal broadcast and summation algorithms for multiprocessors whose interconnection network consists of a hierarchy of rings. Although useful heuristics have been proposed for such systems, we present the first exact analysis of broadcast and summation on hierarchical ring architectures.
CNS neurotrophins are biologically active and expressed by multiple cell types.

Neutrotrophins are increasingly appreciated as potential modulators of neuronal function in the adult central nervous system (CNS). To describe the neurotrophin environment within the adult CNS, mRNA and protein expression patterns of neurotrophins-3 and −4 and of brain-derived neurotrophin were investigated in adult rat spinal cord and brain. Co-localization studies with CNS cell type-specific markers demonstrates that multiple cell types, including both neurons and glia, express these neurotrophins in the normal adult CNS. Although widely implicated in important CNS functions such as synaptic plasticity, biological activity of endogenous CNS neurotrophins has not been directly demonstrated. With a sensitive neurite outgrowth bioassay we demonstrate that CNS neurotrophins elicit neurite outgrowth and are biologically active. Moreover, antibody-blocking studies suggest that these three neurotrophins may comprise the bulk of adult CNS neurotrophic activity.
Skeletal metastasis: The effect on the immature skeleton

The unique opportunity to study the entire appendicular skeleton of a child who died from metastatic angiosarcoma allowed detailed assessment of radiographically evident involvement. Virtually every portion of the appendicular skeleton had evidence of metastatic disease. However, the extent of involvement was extremely variable, especially when contralateral regions were assessed. The most likely region of metastasis, the metaphysis, is normally a fenestrated cortex of woven bone in the young child, rather than a well demarcated cortex formed by osteon (lamellar) bone, as it is in the adult. The pattern of destruction is such that less extensive areas may be involved before becoming radiographically evident, and trabecular bone involvement may be evident even without cortical damage.
Abstract A45: Resveratrol inhibits prostate cancer stem cell characteristics by suppressing Wnt, sonic hedgehog, and Notch pathways

Abstract The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer has profound implications for cancer prevention and/or treatment. The CSC population resides within the prostate tumor mass and they may be responsible for drug resistance, and for the recurrence of prostate cancer. Therefore, development of novel strategies to target CSCs by nontoxic agent resveratrol is an innovative and novel idea for the management of prostate cancer. Activation of Wnt, sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Notch pathways are required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that these pathways are often recruited to regulate self-renewal and metastasis of CSCs. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol, an active compound in grapes and red vine inhibits self-renewal capacity of prostate CSCs. Our data demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited the expression of pluripotency maintaining transcription factors (Nanog, c-Myc and Oct-4), and spheroid formation by prostate CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by shRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Resveratrol suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and IAPs, and activating caspase-3. Interestingly, resveratrol also inhibited the transcriptional activities TCF/LEF, Gli and RBP-Jk. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by suppressing the expression of Snail, Slug and ZEB1 transcription factors, which correlated with significantly reduced CSC9s migration and invasion, suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. In conclusion, resveratrol can inhibit prostate cancer CSC characteristics by suppressing various signal transduction pathways, and can be used for the management of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rakesh K. Srivastava, Mariana Rodova, Junsheng Fu, Dara Nall, Sharmila Shankar. Resveratrol inhibits prostate cancer stem cell characteristics by suppressing Wnt, sonic hedgehog, and Notch pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Research opportunities for the big data era of software engineering

Big Data Analysis is becoming a widespread practice on many software development projects, and statisticians and data analysts are working alongside developers, testers and program managers. Because data science is still an emerging discipline in software projects, there are many opportunities where software engineering researchers can help improve practice. In terms of productivity, data scientists need support for exploratory analysis of large datasets, relief from clerical tasks like data cleaning, and easier paths for live deployment of new analyses. In terms of correctness, data scientists need help in preserving data meaning and provenance, and non-experts need help avoiding analysis errors. In terms of communication and coordination, teams need more approachable ways to discuss uncertainty and risk, and support for data-driven decision making needs to become available to all roles. This position paper describes these open problems and points to ongoing research beginning to tackle them.
Closed-loop method to assess RF interference impact on wireless transceivers

Platform RF Interference generated by Gaussian and nonGaussian sources can have a significant performance impact on wireless transceivers. Higher frequency platform noise is being generated by higher performance clocking and signaling technologies. Encroaching into the wireless band, this noise can have a significant degradation to wireless throughout performance. An approach to mitigation must start with a measurement methodology that establishes the dynamic performance of the wireless transceiver in the presence of RFI. The conducted effects of the degradation are investigated using various clocking and signaling interference sources. The consequences of various clock and signal encoding techniques coupled with the suggestions of this paper are discussed with respect to reproducibility and severity.
Ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaN: From clusters to crystals

The magnetic coupling between doped Mn atoms in clusters as well as crystals of GaN has been studied from first principles using molecular orbital theory for clusters and linearized muffin tin orbital---tight binding formulation for crystals. The calculations, based on density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation, reveal the coupling to be ferromagnetic with a magnetic moment ranging from $2.0{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ to $4.0{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Mn atom depending on its environment. Mn atoms also tend to cluster and bind more strongly to N atoms than to Ga atoms. The significant binding of Mn to GaN clusters further indicates that it may be possible to increase the Mn concentration in GaN by using a porous substrate that offers substantial surface sites.
Metabolic and biochemical aspects of heat acclimation in the deer mouse. Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis.

Abstract o 1. Adult deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) were acclimated to 24 ± 1 and 35 ± 1°C for 2 months. 2. At ambient temperatures between 20–30°C, body temperatures of heat-acclimated deer mice were significantly below those of controls (P 3. Metabolic rates of heat-acclimated deer mice were 9–27% lower than those of control mice over the temperature range studied. 4. The body weight of heat-acclimated deer mice was significantly below that of controls (P 5. Heat acclimation produced significant decreases in kidney BOH oxidase activity and liver serine and threonine dehydrase activities; a significant increase in liver mitochondrial P/O ratio with BOH as substrate; and no significant changes in either liver or kidney succinoxidase activity. Brown fat mass, protein content and QO2 all decreased in the heat. 6. The combined metabolic, biochemical and organ wt changes seen in heat-acclimated deer mice provide further evidence of decreased total heat production in a hot environment and support the hypothesis that chemical thermosuppression occurs during heat acclimation.