cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Data Fusion Using Source Separation: Two Effective Models Based on ICA and IVA and Their Properties

Fusion of information from multiple sets of data in order to extract a set of features that are most useful and relevant for the given task is inherent to many problems we deal with today. Since, usually, very little is known about the actual interaction among the data sets, it is highly desirable to minimize the underlying assumptions. This has been the main reason for the growing importance of data-driven methods, and in particular of independent component analysis (ICA) as it provides useful decompositions with a simple generative model and using only the assumption of statistical independence. A recent extension of ICA, independent vector analysis (IVA), generalizes ICA to multiple data sets by exploiting the statistical dependence across the data sets, and hence, as we discuss in this paper, provides an attractive solution to fusion of data from multiple data sets along with ICA. In this paper, we focus on two multivariate solutions for multimodal data fusion that let multiple modalities fully interact for the estimation of underlying features that jointly report on all modalities. One solution is the joint ICA model that has found wide application in medical imaging, and the second one is the transposed IVA model introduced here as a generalization of an approach based on multiset canonical correlation analysis. In the discussion, we emphasize the role of diversity in the decompositions achieved by these two models, and present their properties and implementation details to enable the user make informed decisions on the selection of a model along with its associated parameters. Discussions are supported by simulation results to help highlight the main issues in the implementation of these methods.
A New Method for Producing Cryogenic Laser Fusion Targets

The goal of the laser fusion program is the production of energy from nuclear fusion reactions induced by focusing powerful laser beams on very small targets that contain a mixture of deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel. If the laser beams can sufficiently compress and heat the target in a short enough time, the fuel will undergo nuclear fusion to produce more energy than was put into the system. Target design is an important part of this laser fusion program. Target geometries ranging from bare, hollow, glass, or metal microspheres to a multilayered or even multishell design are currently of interest [1,2]. One feature common to the various target designs is the fuel core, the hollow sphere containing the DT fusing fuel. This core is typically a 100-μm-diameter glass microballoon (GMB) having a wall thickness of about 1 μm. The GMB is filled with up to 10 ng of DT, which corresponds to a room-temperature pressure of up to 10 MPa (100 atm).
A Degenerate Cohort of Yeast Membrane Trafficking DUBs Mediates Cell Polarity and Survival

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), cysteine or metallo- proteases that cleave ubiquitin chains or protein conjugates, are present in nearly every cellular compartment, with overlapping protein domain structure, localization, and functions. We discovered a cohort of DUBs that are involved in membrane trafficking (ubp4, ubp5, ubp9, ubp15, and sst2) and found that loss of all five of these DUBs but not loss of any combination of four, significantly impacted cell viability in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1). Here, we delineate the collective and individual functions and activities of these five conserved DUBs using comparative proteomics, biochemistry, and microscopy. We find these five DUBs are degenerate rather than redundant at the levels of cell morphology, substrate selectivity, ubiquitin chain specificity, and cell viability under stress. These studies reveal the complexity of interplay among these enzymes, providing a foundation for understanding DUB biology and providing another example of how cells utilize degeneracy to improve survival.
Some Conceptual Problems in the Evaluation of Water Pollution Damages

A great deal of attention has recently been focused on the problems of environmental pollution and the search for desirable solutions to environmental quality problems. While water and air pollution problems may appear to be of less significance than many other ills confronting society, they nevertheless must be considered serious problems which have aroused a great deal of public concern. It is becoming increasingly popular to advocate the importance of economic, social, and political inputs in the decision-making process regarding pollution abatement and control. I have no quarrel with such advocacy as the need for better information inputs of all types is obviously a necessary condition for improved decision-making.
Wireless Inference-based Notification ({WIN}) without Packet Decoding

We consider ultra-energy-efficient wireless transmission of notifications in sensor networks. We argue that the usual practice where a receiver decodes packets sent by a remote node to acquire its state or message is suboptimal in energy use. We propose an alternative approach where a receiver first (1) performs physical-layer matched filtering on arrived packets without actually decoding them at the link layer or higher layer, and then (2) based on the matching results infers the sender's state or message from the time-series pattern of packet arrivals. We show that hierarchical multi-layer inference can be effective for this purpose in coping with channel noise. Because packets are not required to be decodable by the receiver, the sender can reach a farther receiver without increasing the transmit power or, equivalently, a receiver at the same distance with a lower transmit power. We call our scheme Wireless Inference-based Notification (WIN) without Packet Decoding. We demonstrate by analysis and simulation that WIN allows a sender to multiply its notification distance. We show how senders can realize these energy-efficiency benefits with unchanged system and protocols; only receivers, which normally are larger systems than senders and have ample computing and power resources for WIN-related processing.
Glutamate-Mediated Extrasynaptic Inhibition

Abstract NMDA receptors (NMDARs) typically contribute to excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. While Ca 2+ influx through NMDARs plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity, direct actions of NMDAR-mediated Ca 2+ influx on neuronal excitability have not been well established. Here we show that Ca 2+ influx through NMDARs is directly coupled to activation of BK-type Ca 2+ -activated K + channels in outside-out membrane patches from rat olfactory bulb granule cells. Repetitive stimulation of glutamatergic synapses in olfactory bulb slices evokes a slow inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) in granule cells that requires both NMDARs and BK channels. The slow IPSC is enhanced by glutamate uptake blockers, suggesting that extrasynaptic NMDARs underlie the response. These findings reveal a novel inhibitory action of extrasynaptic NMDARs in the brain.
Part Marking and Material Applications on Safety-Critical and High-Cost Parts

High cost testing is required to evaluate whether a specific material can be directly marked using a particular method without any destructive consequences. This cost justifies a centralization of all test data to limit the number of tests that must be performed. UAH has created a database to share this data freely between all parties who perform testing so that fewer tests will be required.
Physical aging in poly(methyl methacrylate)poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends. Part II: Enthalpy relaxation

An investigation of the effect of physical aging on excess enthalpy of compatible polymer blends was carried out. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) were chosen for this study. Blends of different ratios of PMMA and SAN were physically aged at different times and temperatures below their glass transition (Tg) and then subjected to enthalpy relaxation measurement in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). An improved procedure was developed and, employed to analyze the data. The error associated with the calculation of the normalized deviation in enthalpy, known as the “Φ” function, was below 4%. The relaxation was observed to proceed faster at higher aging temperature. It was also found that at higher aging temperatures of Tg – 20 and Tg– 35°C, enthalpy relaxation in SAN-rich blends proceeds faster than in PMMA rich blends, while at the low aging temperature of Tg– 50°C the rate of relaxation becomes independent of the composition.
Cancer risk estimation for mixtures of coal tars and benzo(a)pyrene.

Two-year chronic bioassays were conducted by using B6C3F1 female mice fed several concentrations of two different mixtures of coal tars from manufactured gas waste sites or benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The purpose of the study was to obtain estimates of cancer potency of coal tar mixtures, by using conventional regulatory methods, for use in manufactured gas waste site remediation. A secondary purpose was to investigate the validity of using the concentration of a single potent carcinogen, in this case benzo(a)pyrene, to estimate the relative risk for a coal tar mixture. The study has shown that BaP dominates the cancer risk when its concentration is greater than 6,300 ppm in the coal tar mixture. In this case the most sensitive tissue site is the forestomach. Using low-dose linear extrapolation, the lifetime cancer risk for humans is estimated to be: Risk < 1.03 x 10(-4) (ppm coal tar in total diet) + 240 x 10(-4) (ppm BaP in total diet), based on forestomach tumors. If the BaP concentration in the coal tar mixture is less than 6,300 ppm, the more likely case, then lung tumors provide the largest estimated upper limit of risk, Risk < 2.55 x 10(-4) (ppm coal tar in total diet), with no contribution of BaP to lung tumors. The upper limit of the cancer potency (slope factor) for lifetime oral exposure to benzo(a)pyrene is 1.2 x 10(-3) per microgram per kg body weight per day from this Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) study compared with the current value of 7.3 x 10(-3) per microgram per kg body weight per day listed in the U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System.
Self-Organizing Materials with Low Surface Energy: The Synthesis and Solid-State Properties of Semifluorinated Side-Chain Ionenes

The synthesis of new semifluorinated alkyl side-chain ionenes (SFASI) is reported and involves reaction of semifluorinated 1-bromoalkanes with poly(N,N ‘-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine) (PDHD) which was prepared by reduction of poly(N,N‘-dimethylhexamethyleneadipamide). The quaternization efficiency of the polyamine is 80−85% when carried out using a solvent mixture of DMF/ethanol (1/2 volume ratio) at 65 °C over long reaction times. The structure of SFASI consists of a 10 A charged layer resulting from quarternary ammonium groups with strong coulombic interactions and a smectic B-like packing of the semifluorinated side-chain layer. The perfluorocarbon segments favor self-organization in a hexagonal array to form a head-to-head bilayer between the charged layers. These ionenes exhibit a smectic to isotropic transition, with the transition temperature dominated by the length of the fluorocarbon side chain. The surface energy of a spin-coated SFASI film, as estimated from the critical surface tension, was as l...
Experiences with intestinal antisepsis

From 1955 through 1964, the authors were actively engaged in experimental and clinical studies concerned with intestinal antisepsis, a form of antimicrobial prophylaxis used by the surgeon to lower the high rate of infectious complications following colorectal operations. Controversy has existed regarding the protective action of antibacterial agents and whether such a regimen has significant advantage over simple mechanical cleansing. Animal studies and clinical trials of 50 drugs, drug combinations, and drug dosage schedules are cited in support of intestinal antisepsis. Kanamycin was selected as the intestinal antiseptic of choice on the basis of studies in 967 patients.
Non-small-cell lung cancers: a heterogeneous set of diseases

Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), the most common lung cancers, are known to have diverse pathological features. During the past decade, in-depth analyses of lung cancer genomes and signalling pathways have further defined NSCLCs as a group of distinct diseases with genetic and cellular heterogeneity. Consequently, an impressive list of potential therapeutic targets was unveiled, drastically altering the clinical evaluation and treatment of patients. Many targeted therapies have been developed with compelling clinical proofs of concept; however, treatment responses are typically short-lived. Further studies of the tumour microenvironment have uncovered new possible avenues to control this deadly disease, including immunotherapy.
Intensity of natural selection for odontometic traits generated by differential fertility in Peromyscus leucopus

Intensity of natural selection for odontometic traits generated by differential fertility in Peromyscus leucopus
Nitric oxide inhibition of lipoxygenase-dependent liposome and low-density lipoprotein oxidation: termination of radical chain propagation reactions and formation of nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives.

Lipoxygenase-induced lipid oxidation contributes to plasma lipoprotein oxidation and may be an underlying pathogenic mechanism of atherogenesis. Since inactivation of the vasorelaxant actions of nitric oxide (.NO) plays a critical role in the impaired function of atherosclerotic vessels and because .NO reacts rapidly with other radical species, we assessed the influence of .NO on lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of linoleic and linolenic acid, 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) liposomes, hypercholesterolemic rabbit beta-very-low-density lipoprotein, and human low-density lipoprotein. Soybean lipoxygenase (SLO)-induced lipid oxidation was assessed by accumulation of conjugated dienes, formation of lipid hydroperoxides, oxygen consumption, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Different rates of delivery of .NO to lipid oxidation systems were accomplished either by infusion of .NO gas equilibrated with anaerobic buffer or via .NO released from S-nitrosoglutathione. Nitric oxide alone did not induce lipid peroxidation, while exposure to SLO yielded significant oxidation of fatty acids, PC liposomes, or lipoproteins in a metal ion-independent mechanism. Low concentrations of .NO, which did not significantly inhibit the activity of the iron-containing lipoxygenase, induced potent inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Mass spectral analysis of oxidation products showed formation of nitrito-, nitro-, nitrosoperoxo-, and/or nitrated lipid oxidation adducts, demonstrating that .NO serves as a potent terminator of radical chain propagation reactions. The formation of Schiff's base fluorescent conjugates between SLO-oxidized linoleic or linolenic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also inhibited by .NO via reaction with lipid hydroperoxyl radicals (LOO.), thus preventing the reaction of LOO. with polypeptide amino groups. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that both lipid peroxidation products and nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid species decreased in the presence of BSA. We conclude that .NO can play a potent oxidant-protective role in the vessel wall by inhibiting lipoxygenase-dependent lipid and lipoprotein oxidation. This occurs via termination of lipid radical chain propagation reactions catalyzed by alkoxyl (LO.) and LOO. intermediates of lipid peroxidation rather than by inhibition of lipoxygenase-catalyzed initiation reactions.
Distribution of Larval Horse Flies and Deer Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of a New Jersey Salt Marsh

A ditched tidal marsh in New Jersey represented a variety of microhabitats which influenced distribution of tabanid larvae. Population levels of Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart and Chrysops spp. were highest below mean high-water level on gently sloping banks where cord grass was about 2 feet tall. The striped horse fly, T. lincola F., and T. species 3 (possibly a variety of a known greenhead) occurred mostly at higher soil elevations where short marsh grasses grew. Evidence strongly indicates that females oviposit primarily on vegetation of a certain height and this choice of site influences resulting larval distribution. Unlike T. nigrovittatus , T. lincola breeds primarily near the upland.
Use of the transverse carpal ligament for soft tissue reconstruction of a Mannerfelt lesion

In 1969, Mannerfelt described the “critical corner” where the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon tends to rupture from abrasion against osteophytes from the scaphotrapezial joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [2]. He further suggested that removal “of the spur and covering of the floor…may have saved these tendons from later attritional rupture.” Since then, it has been recognized that debridement of osteophytes and soft tissue reconstruction, to separate the arthritic wrist joint from the carpal canal, are important to avoid recurrent rupture following tendon reconstruction. The currently accepted method of soft tissue reconstruction uses the adjacent capsulo-ligamentous transposition flap to cover the exposed bone (Fig. 1) [1]. Although the transposition flap appears simple in illustration, we have found this approach to be difficult. The flap is limited in size and does not transpose easily, the donor site is difficult to close, and the soft tissue tends to be of poor quality. In the case of a large defect, a local transposition flap is inadequate to reline the carpal canal. Fig. 1 The recommended reconstruction for Mannerfelt lesions from Green's Operative Hand Surgery (reproduced with permission from Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, et al., editors, Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 6th edition We have utilized an alternative to the traditional approach of a local transposition flap. A large, radially based flap of the transverse carpal ligament can be used to resurface and reconstruct the volar soft tissues of the wrist along the carpal canal. Given the technical ease of this alternative approach, we report a case and revisit the management of the Mannerfelt lesion.
CHALCID PARASITOID ATTACK ON A GALL WASP POPULATION ( ACRASPIS HIRTA (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE)) ON QUERCUS PRINUS (FAGACEAE)

The developmental sequence of the asexual generation of the gall wasp Acraspis hirta Bassett (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on its host plant Quercus prinus (Fagaceae) is described from a site in New Jersey. Chalcid attack was the key mortality factor in the gall population. Parasitoids concentrated their attack on host galls before galls matured and hardened. Hardening of gall walls appears to be the most important deterrent to later attack by inhibiting oviposition. Parasitoids which emerged from A . hirta galls did not reinfest the surviving hosts but probably shifted to other gall species. The parasitoids of Cynips divisa , a similar Old World gall species, became progressively more generalized in their feeding preferences as the season progressed. No such temporal sequencing wau observed in A . hirta . Spacing out of A . hirta galls among leaves is an important strategy for increasing individual fitness in response to parasitoid attack. Most trees were sparsely infested, and few leaves supported more than one gall. Parasitoid mortality was significantly higher on multiply infected leaves than on leaves with one gall. Galls which were parasitized had a significantly smaller average distance to the nearest neighboring gall than those that escaped parasitism suggesting a slight resource concentration effect.
Spontaneous and induced changes in cardiovascular function in pinealectomized rats

Abstract Experimental evaluations were made concerning recent reports that pinealectomy (PX) in the rat leads to transient hypertensive changes. In addition, investigation of possibly permissive or facilitatory factors, such as sex, unilateral nephrectomy and saline administration, was included. In Experiment 1, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically pinealectomized (PX, N=14) or sham-operated (SPX) at 44 days of age. On the 8th postoperative week 1% NaCl replaced water as the continuously available drinking solution. Blood pressures were measured at weekly intervals by a tail-cuff method between 08:00 and 12:00: on the 80th postoperative day the pressor response to 2 mg cadmium chloride ip/Kg body weight was tested. In Experiment 2, 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats contained PX and SPX surgical groups and non-operated controls (C). All animals were unilaterally nephrectomized, and half of each surgical group received 1% NaCl, and the other water as drinking solution. Blood pressures were taken weekly until the animals were killed and dissected on the 113th day. Slight, but statistically significantly (p
Storm Surge Simulations for Hurricane Hugo (1989): On the Significance of Inundation Areas

The storm surge generated by Hurricane Hugo (1989) is reproduced for the purposes of (1) evaluating the significance of including inland flooding areas and corresponding levels of spatial resolution and (2) assessing the spatial variability of near-inlet boundary forcings with respect to storm surge hydrographs. The study focuses on the coastal regions of South Carolina, incorporating inundation areas between Charleston and Shallotte Inlet and including Winyah Bay and the Waccamaw River. The region of interest is modeled with five variations of an unstructured, finite-element mesh, including a localized coarse grid with and without floodplains, a localized fine grid with and without floodplains, and a large-domain approach that includes floodplains and the continental shelf and deep ocean. Simulation results demonstrate that the inclusion of inland flooding areas significantly improves the description of storm surge generation within coastal regions. While the large-domain approach is shown to be beneficial, it is determined that the coarse mesh resolution of the floodplains is sufficient. Computed water surface elevations at specific locations surrounding Winyah Bay Inlet indicate that storm surge hydrographs are highly spatially dependent near inlets, as opposed to the astronomical tides, which exhibit minimal variance in space around the inlet environment.
Children of Parents with Affective Illness

Abstract Symptom ratings of 126 offspring of 59 families were made by both parents, one of whom had previously been diagnosed as having a primary affective disorder of either bipolar or unipolar type. Unipolar offspring were found to have significantly more symptoms on factors measuring conduct problems, anxiety, and impulsivity/hyperactivity. Divorced families had higher symptom scores on the antisocial and muscle-tension factors. Female unipolar offspring were significantly more anxious than male unipolars or bipolars. Results were interpreted as reflecting a greater impact of home environment on the unipolars and a genetically determined later onset for bipolar depressive illness.
Dynamic Fluorescence Imaging for Evaluating Molecular Targets of Disease

Dynamic fluorescent intensity measurements of targeting exogenous dyes within small animal models of disease can be used in conjunction with a pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the expression of molecular markers of disease.
Clinical success using patient-oriented outcome measures after lower extremity bypass and endovascular intervention for ischemic tissue loss.

Introduction Successful outcome after lower extremity revascularization is usually measured by physician-oriented terms such as graft patency and amputation-free survival. It has been increasingly appreciated that these criteria do not necessarily translate into success from the prospective of the patient. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to retrospectively examine success after lower extremity revascularization for tissue loss using patient-oriented measures and to include patients who underwent both open surgical bypass and endovascular therapy. Methods Between 1998 and 2005, 677 patients (316 endovascular and 361 open surgery) underwent revascularization for ischemic tissue loss. The method of revascularization (endovascular or open surgery) was left to the discretion of the surgeon. Revascularization was considered to be clinically successful if each of the following occurred: reconstruction patency until wound healing, limb salvage for 1 year, maintenance of ambulation for 1 year, and survival for 6 months. The influence of 20 intrinsic patient factors, including type of revascularization (open vs endo) was examined using the χ 2 test. Significant factors in bivariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model to determine independent predictors and probability of failure. Results Overall clinical success was achieved in 277 (40.9%) patients. Success for open surgical and endovascular cohorts was 44.3% and 37.0%, respectively ( P = .06). Type of intervention was not a significant factor in either bivariate or logistic regression analysis. Independent predictors of failure (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) regardless of treatment type included impaired ambulatory status at the time of presentation (OR 3.24; CI 2.14, 4.90), diabetes (OR 1.62; CI 1.14, 2.32), endstage renal disease (ESRD) (OR 1.55; CI 1.07, 2.23), presence of gangrene (OR 2.0; CI 1.42, 2.82), and prior vascular intervention (OR 1.46; CI 1.02, 2.10). Paradoxically, hyperlipidemia (OR 0.70; CI 0.50, 0.98) was a predictor for success. Probability of failure was 35.4% (OR 1.0) if no independent predictors were present and increased with the addition of each adverse predictor. For instance, diabetic patients with impaired ambulatory status and gangrene had an 85.2% (OR 10.5) probability of failure. In the worst case scenario, a diabetic patient with ESRD, impaired ambulatory status, gangrene, and a prior vascular intervention was considered, probability of failure was a dismal 92.8% (OR 23.7). Conclusion Clinical success after lower extremity revascularization for ischemic tissue loss is determined by intrinsic patient factors and not by method of revascularization. These data reiterate that future investigation efforts should be focused less on the method of revascularization and more on identification of patient cohorts at risk for failure regardless of treatment.
Electrokinetic transport of amino acids through a cation exchange membrane

Abstract The pH dependence of amino acid transport through a cation exchange membrane (Nafion® membrane) was investigated in the presence of an electric field. The amino acids used in this study are alanine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine. Ionic fractions of amino acid at a given pH were calculated and used to derive the average molecular charge of amino acid. The average charge vs. pH is useful in selecting the operation pH at which transport efficiency and separation of amino acids are enhanced. A higher transport rate is obtained at a pH where the positively charged form is dominant. The noncharged form of amino acid can also be transported through a Nafion membrane. Transport rate of the negatively charged species is negligible. A prediction method for electrokinetic transport rate was developed. The method requires values of the diffusivity and mobility of individual ionic form. The values were determined experimentally at a pH where only one ionic form was dominant.
Exogenous, endogenous, and dialectical constructivism☆

Abstract Three constructivist paradigms are distinguished. Exogenous constructivism (rooted in a mechanistic metaphor) emphasizes the reconstruction of structures preformed in the environment. Endogenous constructivism (rooted in an organismic metaphor) emphasizes the coordination of previous organismic structures. Dialectical constructivism (rooted in a contextualistic metaphor) emphasizes the construction of new structures out of organism/environment interaction. It is suggested that more general metatheories integrating exogenous, endogenous, and dialectical aspects of the construction of knowledge can and should be formulated. Such formulations would not attempt an impossible synthesis of the root metaphors, but rather integrate them in a coherent metatheory by specifying the boundary conditions in which each root metaphor best applies. An example of such a metatheory, based primarily on Piagetian ideas, is presented.
Modeling Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Examining Links to Behavior Problems

Research on the role of puberty in adolescent psychological development requires attention to the meaning and measurement of pubertal development. Particular questions concern the utility of self-report, the need for complex models to describe pubertal development, the psychological significance of pubertal timing vs. tempo, and sex differences in the nature and psychological significance of pubertal development. We used longitudinal self-report data to model linear and logistic trajectories of pubertal development, and used timing and tempo estimates from these models, and from traditional approaches (age at menarche and time from onset of breast development to menarche), to predict psychological outcomes of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and early sexual activity. Participants (738 girls, 781 boys) reported annually from ages 9 through 15 on their pubertal development, and they and their parents reported on their behavior in mid-to-late adolescence and early adulthood. Self-reports of pubertal development provided meaningful data for both boys and girls, producing good trajectories, and estimates of individuals' pubertal timing and tempo. A logistic model best fit the group data. Pubertal timing was estimated to be earlier in the logistic compared to linear model, but linear, logistic, and traditional estimates of pubertal timing correlated highly with each other and similarly with psychological outcomes. Pubertal tempo was not consistently estimated, and associations of tempo with timing and with behavior were model dependent. Advances in modeling facilitate the study of some questions about pubertal development, but assumptions of the models affect their utility in psychological studies.
Expanding the Role of Surgical Therapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Management of patients with colorectal metastases to the liver often requires complex multidisciplinary care. Improved short-term and long-term outcomes with hepatic resection have resulted in an increasing aggressive surgical approach for many of these patients. Even with more contemporary definition of resectability, however, most patients may not be initial candidates for resection. The use of other preoperative systemic and liver-directed therapies offers the opportunity to expand the number of patients who may be candidates for curative-intent strategies. Systemic therapies can achieve responses which are capable of downsizing unresectable disease to a resectable status. Local therapies can also be used in a similar way. Yet, the optimal application and timing of these multimodality approaches to expand the role of surgical therapy remain controversial.
Functional characterization of human alloreactive T cell clones

Abstract We have investigated the functional activity of alloreactive T cell clones, generated by limiting dilutions of MLC blasts. Clones displaying helper, suppressor, or cytotoxic functions (against Class I or Class II HLA antigens) were identified, using proliferative, 51 Cr-release, and hemolytique-plaque induction assays. To determine whether functionally distinct clones share determinants that trigger the AMLC reaction we have tested the capacity of selected clones to cross-stimulate each other in secondary AMLC. Our data suggest that AMLC stimulatory determinants are related to common structure antigens of the T cell receptor for alloantigen, since helper clones, for example, (TLC #19) can induce memory responses to suppressor (TLC #209) as well as cytotoxic (TLC #207) clones and vice versa. The AMLC systems seems well suited for studying network regulations within the T cell compartment.
Infinite Decentralized Controllability for Descriptor Systems

In this paper, the concept of infinite decentralized controllability (IDC) is introduced for descriptor systems. A necessary and sufficent condition for the systems to be infinite decentralized controllable is obtained. The result may be thought of as a countpart of reachable decentralized controllability and impulsive decentralized controllability [1, 2].
Library Instruction for Faculty Members

Programmes alternatifs de formation en bibliotheconomie et bibliographie des etudiants des universites et colleges superieurs
Comparison between 2D simulation and the standard 2-point model for scrape-off layer transport including effects of spatially varying transport coefficients

Abstract The effect of 2D transport in the tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) on relating measured divertor heat-flux profiles to midplane plasma profiles is explored with the UEDGE code for a range of transport assumptions. The relationship between the divertor heat-flux profile and the midplane plasma temperature profile as determined from UEDGE is compared to commonly used predictions from 1D and “2-point” analytic relation. Results show that the parametric variation in λ q , div with midplane separatrix values follows the conduction-limited 2-point model, though the actual value of q // on a given flux surface is much lower than implied by the midplane T e , sep , and λ q , div is ∼ twice as wide as expected from these models. Poloidal variations in χ result in minimal change to radial profiles and probably can’t be distinguished experimentally from cases with uniform χ having the same flux-surface average value.
Sensitivity of Bacillus coagulans spores to combinations of high hydrostatic pressure, heat, acidity and nisin

We investigated the combined effects of pressure, temperature, pH, initial spore concentration and the presence of nisin on the survival of spores of Bacillus coagulans. Spores were more sensitive to pressure both at lower pH and at higher treatment temperatures. An additional 1.5-log10 reduction in cfu ml-1 was observed when pH was lowered from 7.0 to 4.0 during pressurization at 400 Mpa and 45°C. A 4-log10 cfu ml-1 reduction was observed when the temperature was increased from 25°C to 70°C during pressurization at 400 Mpa. The spores were sensitive to nisin at concentrations as low as 0.2 IU ml-1. At least a 6-log10 reduction was generally achieved with pressurization at 400 Mpa in pH 4.0 buffer at 70°C for 30 min when plated in nutrient agar containing 0.8 IU ml-1 nisin.
Myelin mosaicism and brain plasticity in heterozygous females of a canine X‐linked trait

The shaking (sh) pup, an animal model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, is characterized by severe central nervous system dysmyelination in affected males, and myelin mosaicism in some female heterozygotes as a result of X-linked inactivation. Heterozygous females develop a tremor of varying severity that usually disappears at 4 to 6 weeks, whereas male hemizygotes have severe, generalized tremor that persists throughout life. We have used these two myelin-deficient models to study the potential for recovery with time as reflected by brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs). At set time points, the state of myelination in the trapezoid body was studied microscopically. Sequential BAERs demonstrated consistently prolonged interpeak latencies during the period of gross tremor in heterozygotes, with the trend continuing to a lesser extent after tremor cessation. The random nature of X-linked inactivation resulted in variable myelin mosaicism that was reflected in variations in BAER changes within animals in the same litter. In most heterozygotes, the tremor resolved with time, the BAERs returned to near normal, and myelin mosaicism was lost. In contrast, in the affected males, the severity of tremor and lack of recovery was demonstrated by consistent abnormalities in BAER waves at all times studied, and severe and persistent myelin deficiency in the trapezoid body. These findings show that despite the normal tightly programmed temporal development of myelin in the brain in the heterozygous mosaic state, sufficient plasticity persists during the neonatal period for late-stage myelination to occur.
Basal Cerebral Metabolism May Modulate the Cognitive Effects of Aβ in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Example of Brain Reserve

Inverse correlations between amyloid-beta (Abeta) load measured by Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebral metabolism using [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggest local Abeta-induced metabolic insults. However, this relationship has not been well studied in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or amyloid-positive controls. Here, we explored associations of Abeta deposition with metabolism via both region-of-interest-based and voxel-based analyses in amyloid-positive control subjects and patients with MCI or AD. Metabolism in parietal and precuneus cortices of AD patients was negatively correlated with PiB retention locally, and more distantly with PiB retention in frontal cortex. In amyloid-positive controls, no clear patterns in correlations were observed. In MCI patients, there were essentially no significant, negative correlations, but there were frequent significant positive correlations between metabolism and PiB retention. Metabolism in anterior cingulate showed positive correlations with PiB in most brain areas in MCI, and metabolism and PiB retention were positively correlated locally in precuneus/parietal cortex. However, there was no significant increase in metabolism in MCI compared to age-matched controls, negating the possibility that Abeta deposition directly caused reactive hypermetabolism. This suggests that, in MCI, higher basal metabolism could either be exacerbating Abeta deposition or increasing the level of Abeta necessary for cognitive impairment sufficient for the clinical diagnosis of AD. Only after extensive Abeta deposition has been present for longer periods of time does Abeta become the driving force for decreased metabolism in clinical AD and, only in more vulnerable brain regions such as parietal and precuneus cortices.
Is the Small for Gestational Age, Term Infant at Risk for Developmental Delay?

This article contains a selected review of the literature dealing with the small for gestational age, term infant and child. The definition of the small for gestational age, term infant and the possible causes are outlined. The review is focused on studies in which motor, interactive and learning differences between small for gestational age, term infants and children, and normal birth weight infants and children have been found. Evidence is presented of risk for developmental delay for the small for gestational age, term population and suggestions made that this group be targeted for future research, evaluation, follow-up, and intervention by physical and occupational therapists.
Secondary flow in non-isothermal viscoelastic parallel-plate flow

The non-isothermal, parallel-plate flow of a viscoelastic fluid is investigated. Using the singular perturbation method the problem for the stream function χ is reduced to a non-homogeneous boundary-value problem for the biharmonic operator in an infinite strip. An exact solution is then obtained using Fourier integral transforms. Our analysis shows the existence of thermally induced recirculating eddies, even when inertia is neglected.
Ann beattie: Emotional loss and strategies of reparation

The author explores Ann Beattie's themes of loneliness and failed love, including symptoms of what Kohut has called empty depression. According to Schneiderman, Beattie does not explicitly show how parents fail their children, yet there is the unstated belief he finds in Beattie's work that childhood emotional deprivation is responsible.
EFFECT OF CLAY ON THE AVAILIABILITY OF DILUTE ORGANIC NUTRIENTS TO STEADY‐STATE HETEROTROPHIC POPULATIONS1

The effect of clays on the availability of small organic molecules to microorganisms was determined. Recovered suspended sedimentary material and Bentonite was tested for its ability to compete with yeast and bacteria for thiamine or glucose in continuous culture systems at low organism concentrations. The added clays do not render the organics tested unavailable to microorganisms or remove them from solution to a detectable or significant extent. The addition of clays can, however, effect a perturbation to the steady system, possibly by altering the inorganic chemistry of the dissolved phase.
The Causes of Animal Abuse: A Social-Psychological Analysis

This article draws on the leading crime theories and the limited research on animal abuse to present a theory that explains why individuals engage in animal abuse. First, I describe the immediate d...
Observation of Backward Pulse Propagation Through a Medium with a Negative Group Velocity

The nature of pulse propagation through a material with a negative value of the group velocity has been mysterious, as simple models seem to predict that pulses will propagate "backward" through such a material. Using an erbium-doped optical fiber and measuring the time evolution of the pulse intensity at many points within the fiber, we demonstrate that the peak of the pulse does propagate backward inside the fiber, even though the energy flow is always in the forward direction.
Model error compensation for bearing temperature and preload estimation

A simple to apply, two-step observer design methodology is developed for a general class of systems with model uncertainty. This approach is applied to estimate bearing internal temperatures and the bearing preload of a machine tool spindle. The first step is the design of a model error compensator (MEC) to account for the model error associated with the bearing friction heat generation. The second step includes a conventional observer based on the nominal model that results from the implementation of the MEC. The sufficient condition for constructing an effective MEC loop for the target spindle system is derived. The effectiveness of the MEC loop is demonstrated experimentally by comparing several different conventional observer designs, with and without the MEC. A comparison of the measurements to the estimation results indicate in all cases tested the MEC improves the performance of the conventional observers. In addition, the results clearly show the distinctly different bearing outer ring/housing, rolling elements, and inner ring temperature behaviors. From the temperature estimation results, it is shown that previously published data on initial transient error associated with preload estimation is mainly due to the estimation error in the rolling element temperature. The proposed two-step observer methodology appears to be well suited for bearing temperature and preload monitoring problems.
Supplement to the Shuttle aerodynamic database using Discovery flight tests

The Discovery vehicle was found to have longitudinal and lateral aerodynamic characteristics similar to those of the Columbia and Challenger vehicles. The lateral aerodynamic characteristics of the Columbia and Challenger vehicles are reiterated and the results from the Discovery flight test are added to this database. The longitudinal aerodynamics resulting from the analysis of flight data from all three vehicles is also shown. The values of the lateral and longitudinal parameters are compared with the preflight data book and this comparison is discussed.
Hybrid electronics based on InP and high temperature superconductors

A hybrid superconductor/InP resonant tunneling transistor (RTT) has been used to design a superfast 8*8-bit digital multiplier/accumulator circuit operating at 77 K with a multiplication time of 152 ps. The transistor structure and performance are described. Preliminary work toward realizing the RTT is reported. In particular, results concerning the deposition of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films on Si substrate by rapid-isothermal-processing-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are presented. >
Framing effects and choice shifts in group decision making

Abstract An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of framing on group decision-making. Decisions involving risk were posed in terms of either gains or losses to individual subjects. Subsequently, subjects were divided into groups and the decisions were presented again in either the same frame or the opposite frame. As hypothesized, when the same frame was presented to subjects both individually and in groups, individual-level framing effects became larger in groups; when the opposite frame was presented to groups, initial framing effects were reduced. However, these results were observed on only two of the four decision cases. On the other two cases, significant choice shifts occurred independently of the framing manipulations. Implications of these results for decision making groups in applied settings are discussed.
Interactive effects of country of origin and product category on product evaluations

Abstract This research examined the effects of country of origin and product category on product evaluations for 21 countries and 18 products. As hypothesized, product evaluations were highest for highly-developed countries, followed by newly-industrialized, newly-marketizing, and developing-country groups. Further, the product-category and country-of-origin effects interacted such that, depending upon the country group, different product categories received more, equal, or less favorable evaluations compared to other product categories. Several variables and processes underlying these effects are identified and integrated into a conceptual model.
RIGID DESIGNATION, DIRECT REFERENCE, AND MODAL METAPHYSICS

: In this paper I argue that questions about the semantics of rigid designation are commonly and illicitly run together with distinct issues, such as questions about the metaphysics of essence and questions about the theoretical legitimacy of the possible-worlds framework. I discuss in depth two case studies of this phenomenon – the first concerns the relation between rigid designation and reference, the second concerns the application of the notion of rigidity to general terms. I end by drawing out some conclusions about the relations between rigid designation, semantic frameworks, reference, and essence.
The participation of high molecular weight kininogen in hypotensive shock and intravascular coagulation

Abstract Evidence for the participation of high MW kininogen (HMWK) was sought in the systemic circulation of rabbits undergoing severe hypotensive shock induced by bacterial lipopolysacchride or dextran sulfate. Despite severe injury in the animals by 5 hr, no consumption of the circulating HMWK was apparent. Evidence was discussed suggesting a local participation of HMWK during LPS-induced inflammatory injury of the lung without apparent consumption of the molecule in the systemic circulation.