cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using stable isotopes as tracers of water masses and nutrient cycling processes in the Gulf of Maine

Abstract The dramatic marine environmental change seen today can be difficult to fully document and interpret without adequate, spatially and temporally comprehensive, baseline datasets of hydrographic properties. Here we present isotope data measured in water samples collected during a nine-day research cruise in October 2016 throughout the Gulf of Maine, a rapidly changing region of the world's oceans. A comparison of the oxygen isotopes of the water (δ18Owater) and salinity data reveal that water samples fall on a tight, linear mixing line between fresher shelf water and saltier slope waters, with the freshwater endmember originating from much higher latitudes (the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Labrador Sea). Some subtle differences in freshwater endmembers are observed between the three different deep basins in the Gulf of Maine. These differences are likely reflecting differences in freshwater input and vertical mixing between the different basins. Additionally, these water samples have lower δ18Owater values for a given salinity value than previously published values of marine water mass endmembers. This offset may be related to systematic changesin water mass endmember values or year to year variability, as well as differences in the proportions of water masses entering the Gulf of Maine. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of dissolved nitrate (NO3−; δ15NNO3- and δ18ONO3-, respectively) measured in the water samples suggest a strong influence of phytoplankton assimilation near the surface in both isotopic systems. Combining these two datasets using Δ(15, 18) to look at the rates of fractionation between the two isotope systems reveals potential water column nitrification above 100 m in most places in the Gulf of Maine. This finding provides support for previous hypotheses of water column nitrification in the Gulf of Maine based on nutrient distribution and nitrogen box modeling. However, these calculations rely on the assumption that all nitrate is sourced from deeper waters. It is possible these results are instead caused by NO3− from different sources at the surface and therefore do not necessarily indicate the presence of nitrification.
Maoism: a global history

Julia Lovell’s Maoism: A Global History is history, assessment, and warning. At 610 pages in total, it is a big book, apparently timed to coincide with the 70th anniversary of the people’s republic...
Thioredoxin down-regulation in the cytosol in thioredoxin 2 transgenic mice did not have beneficial effects to extend lifespan in male C57BL/6 mice

Background: This study was conducted to test the effects of thioredoxin (Trx)1 down-regulation in Trx2 transgenic [Tg(TXN2) +/0] mice on lifespan and age-related diseases. Our previous study with Tg(TXN2) +/0 mice showed that mitochondrial Trx overexpression produced minimal life-extending effects with a slightly elevated severity of lymphoma and another study with a limited number of Trx1KO mice showed that there was a slight reduction of neoplastic lesions. Thus, this study was aimed to test if reduced Trx1 expression in combination with elevated Trx2 has beneficial effects on lifespan in mice by attenuating age-related diseases, specifically cancer. Methods: Trx2 hemizygous transgenic and Trx1 heterozygous knockout mice [Tg(TXN2) +/0 x Trx1KO] were generated for survival and cross-sectional pathology experiments. Results: Tg(TXN2) +/0 x Trx1KO mice showed significantly higher (approximately 1.5- to 3-fold) Trx2 levels and significantly less (approximately 50% less) Trx1 levels in all of the tissues we examined compared to wildtype (WT) littermates. Trx1 down-regulation along with Trx2 overexpression did not change the levels of glutathione or other major antioxidant enzymes. Male Tg(TXN2) +/0 x Trx1KO mice demonstrated only a slight extension of lifespan in the early part of life and no significant effects on the later part of life were observed, which was similar to our previous study with Tg(TXN2) +/0 mice. Tg(TXN2) +/0 x Trx1KO mice had similar tumor burden, disease burden, incidence and severity of lymphoma, and severity of glomerulonephritis compared to WT mice at 22-26 months. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the combined Trx down-regulation in cytosol along with upregulation in mitochondria of Tg(TXN2) +/0 x Trx1KO mice did not provide beneficial effects on aging, i.e., extend the lifespan or reduce age-related pathology compared to WT mice. Keywords: Thioredoxin, transgenic mouse, knockout mouse, aging, cancer
LEGISLAÇÃO DOS PAÍSES DO MERCOSUL SOBRE O ASSÉDIO MORAL NO TRABALHO / LEGISLATION OF MERCOSUR COUNTRIES ON MORAL HARASSMENT AT WORK

O presente artigo se propoe ao estudo da legislacao internacional, apresentando de forma expositiva o disposto nas legislacoes patrias dois paises signatarios do MERCOSUL a respeito do maleficio: assedio moral. Tal exposicao objetiva demonstrar o processo legislativo e o enfrentamento ao assedio moral e seus aspectos singulares em cada pais. Assim, realizou um estudo bibliografico, os resultados apresentados com a pesquisa, fica evidente os esforcos no que tange ao processo legislativo, em protegerem o trabalhador de forma mais ampla possivel, ja que e esta a parte hipossuficiente, quem sustenta com peso a carga tributaria brasileira e ja sofre com os nocivos efeitos da nova reforma trabalhista. Ademais, demonstra o carater de ilicitude do assedio moral, bem como sua coesao com o disposto no processo legislativo.
Pressure monitoring based identification of the EOD suit–human interface load distribution

Soldiers working in the field of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) wear cumbersome personal protective equipment (PPE) that may affect their performance in the field, limit their mobility, and cause discomfort. The objective of this study was to develop a test methodology to identify the relationship between EOD suit interface loads and mission-critical performance metrics. The physical interactions between an EOD suit and human subjects were monitored using a distributed pressure sensor network to investigate the interface load distribution during EOD-related physical positions and activities. More specifically, a Med-Eng brand Model EOD 8 suit was utilized to evaluate shoulder discomfort and leg mobility restriction. Thirty-four college aged adults of varying athletic abilities completed a test course and walked on a treadmill for 2 min while wearing the EOD 8. Demographic information was collected before testing via a survey and qualitative observations were collected at the end of testing with a questionnaire. After each test course repetition, participants ranked their perceived exertion using the Borg scale. Overall, the time it took participants to complete the test course increased by 17% and participants experienced a 60% increase in perceived exertion while wearing the EOD 8. The region that experienced the most pain and discomfort was the top of the shoulders (59%) and there was a negative correlation (r = − 0.5, p < 0.05) between participants’ body mass index (BMI) and the max shoulder pressure. The groin protector was found to restrict hip rotation when the subject squatted to pick up an object, producing a pressure 30-times higher than without the EOD 8. These results suggest that a range of motion evaluation method for EOD suits and other protective ensemble can be successfully developed using a combination of user feedback and strategically placed pressure sensors. This study implements the largest pressure region ever recorded on the human body and is the first of its kind to investigate the movement restriction of PPE for various practical tasks.
Hierarchical Factor Models for Large Spatially Misaligned Data: A Low‐Rank Predictive Process Approach

This article deals with jointly modeling a large number of geographically referenced outcomes observed over a very large number of locations. We seek to capture associations among the variables as well as the strength of spatial association for each variable. In addition, we reckon with the common setting where not all the variables have been observed over all locations, which leads to spatial misalignment. Dimension reduction is needed in two aspects: (i) the length of the vector of outcomes, and (ii) the very large number of spatial locations. Latent variable (factor) models are usually used to address the former, although low-rank spatial processes offer a rich and flexible modeling option for dealing with a large number of locations. We merge these two ideas to propose a class of hierarchical low-rank spatial factor models. Our framework pursues stochastic selection of the latent factors without resorting to complex computational strategies (such as reversible jump algorithms) by utilizing certain identifiability characterizations for the spatial factor model. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for estimation that also deals with the spatial misalignment problem. We recover the full posterior distribution of the missing values (along with model parameters) in a Bayesian predictive framework. Various additional modeling and implementation issues are discussed as well. We illustrate our methodology with simulation experiments and an environmental data set involving air pollutants in California.
Transferring Public Research: The Patent Licensing Mechanism in Agriculture

Technology transfer policies can bring public R&D to potential users, reduce burdens on public resources, and influence technology development. Patent licensing offers transparency, potentially higher research returns, and possible increased adoption of socially desirable technologies. However, it limits access to research results, and raises concerns that public institutions will alter their agendas. A review of the US Department of Agriculture's patent and licensing program addresses the types of technologies disseminated, social benefits associated with them, institutions licensing technologies, the importance of exclusivity, and whether research priorities have become oriented to private interests. Results suggest that USDA's patent licensing is not revenue driven, and its research agenda has not changed in response to the program. Licenses vary with respect to four important social benefits. Licensing program priorities are closer to those of the private sector than the USDA's research program. Partial or limited exclusivity may be sufficient to attract technology developers.
The Function of Place Naming in 2 Samuel 5–6: A Study in Collective Memory

This article examines the function of place naming narratives in 2 Samuel 5–6 in light of collective memory theory. It investigates the interaction between the physical landscape and the text in Israel's memory of the consolidation of David's kingdom. Firstly, the function of the narratives as a ‘site of memory’ in the text is analysed. Place namings capture memories by using a concrete image to convey the abstract meaning of the surrounding text. Secondly, the site of memory in the text is a means of rehearsal for the site of memory in the physical landscape around Jerusalem, and vice versa. Finally, the place namings are written according to a ‘template’, which connects their meaning with other memories in Ancient Israel.
Computer-Mediated Communication in an Organizational Setting: Explaining Task-Related and Socioemotional Uses

(1986). Computer-Mediated Communication in an Organizational Setting: Explaining Task-Related and Socioemotional Uses. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 9, Communication Yearbook 9, pp. 777-804.
The Just War and The Gulf War

Discussions of the morality of the Gulf War have tended to embrace the traditional theory of the just war uncritically and to apply its tenets in a mechanical and unimaginative fashion. We believe, by contrast, that careful reflection of the Gulf War reveals that certain principles of the traditional theory are oversimplifications that require considerable refinement. Our aims, therefore, are both practical and theoretical. We hope to contribute to a better understanding of the ethics both of war in general and of the Gulf War in particular.
Sources of atmospheric particulate matter on Hawaii

Sources and advection of atmospheric particulate matter on the Island of Hawaii were assessed to properly evaluate the benchmark qualities of the air at the Mauna Loa Geophysical Observatory. A manually operated Gardner counter, a continually recording Aitken counter and a nephelometer were used to measure diurnal and long term trends of concentrations and light scattering coefficients of atmospheric particulate. Significant sources of aerosol particles result from combustion activities on the island, both man-made and volcanic. Volcanic effluent can penetrate the tradewind inversion when conditions are right and show up on long term Aitken counts at the Mauna Loa Observatory. The relative contribution of marine aerosols to the total particle population in the air masses over the island is small. The difference in concentration and the light scattering coefficient of particles in the air masses above and below the tradewind inversion are in the order of one magnitude or more. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01541.x
INVESTIGATION OF THE NUCLEAR MATRIX ELEMENT PARAMETERS FOR FIRST-FORBIDDEN BETA DECAY

An analysis was made of first forbidden beta groups of /sup 186/Re, / sup 188/Re, /sup 170/Tm, /sup 152/Eu, /sup 154/Eu, and /sup 124/ Sb. The available experimental data were used to determine suitable values for the nuclear matrix elements for each transition. The areas of agreement that exist between the experimentally determined matrix elements and the theoretical relations that are proposed for the matrix elements were investigated. An attempt was made to establish an experimental estimate for the parameter LAMBDA (Ahrens' and Feenberg's notation). The following conclusions were reached: (1) The presentiy available experimental data alone do not determine well defined matrix elements for any of the transitions. (2) Taken as a whole, the decays considered provide no conclusive evidence for a particular value of A. (3) However, for the decays considered, if it is assumed that LAMBDA approximately 2.5 a well defined solution that is compatible with the assumptions of the modified B/sub ij/ approximation'' is produced. 34 references. (auth)
Fiscal decentralization and natural hazard risks

At least to some extent due to pressure from international donors, many countries have become more fiscally decentralized the underlying premise being that greater decentralization might improve the provision of local public goods and services. We test this proposition by determining whether relatively more decentralized countries fare better when natural disasters strike in terms of its effects on the population. Overall, we find evidence supporting our maintained hypothesis, though the effect appears much more robust in developing countries.
Design and Prototyping of an Artificial Finger With a Novel Actuation Mechanism and Quick Connect Disconnect Capabilities

In this paper, we present the design and prototyping of a three degree of freedom artificial finger. This finger has a Quick Connect Disconnect (QCD) feature that provides the means for easily exchanging the whole finger from the supporting structure. The designed QCD provides the means for transferring the required actuation power. The power transfer is accomplished through a novel power screw type of arrangement; the rotational actuator motion is transformed into linear motion through the QCD. The designed finger uses belts for motion instead of tendons and springs for maintaining tension. The belt-spring arrangement does not require a dedicated tensioning device since tensioning is continuously provided by the spring. The First Generation three degree-of-freedom artificial finger has been designed and prototyped. Initial experiments were conducted that verified the novel approaches implemented.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The processes affecting the distribution of bromide in blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid

Abstract The steady-state distribution of bromide (Br − ) in the nervous system of the rabbit was studied at various plasma concentration levels (0.5–20 m m ). In addition, utilizing a ventriculo-cisternal perfusion system, the flux of Br − between CSF and blood was measured under various experimental conditions. It was observed that the steady-state distribution of Br − in brain and cerebrospinal fluid was concentration dependent and that brain served as a “sink” for the plasma and CSF. The results of the flux experiments revealed that the efflux of Br − from the perfusion fluid was some 30% greater than the influx of Br − from the blood. In addition, the movement of Br − out of the perfusate was attenuated with increasing concentrations of Br − and on death of the animal. The results suggest that, at low concentration levels, Br − is rapidly cleared from the CSF (by an active transport system) and the brain (by either an active transport system or oxidation of Br − to BrO 3 − ), while at high concentration levels, the relative ineffectiveness of the proposed systems results in the accumulation of Br − and the establishment of a state of equilibrium between blood, brain and CSF.
If Materialism Is True, the United States Is Probably Conscious

If you’re a materialist, you probably think that rabbits are conscious. And you ought to think that. After all, rabbits are a lot like us, biologically and neurophysiologically. If you’re a materialist, you probably also think that conscious experience would be present in a wide range of naturally-evolved alien beings behaviorally very similar to us even if they are physiologically very different. And you ought to think that. After all, to deny it seems insupportable Earthly chauvinism. But a materialist who accepts consciousness in weirdly formed aliens ought also to accept consciousness in spatially distributed group entities. If she then also accepts rabbit consciousness, she ought to accept the possibility of consciousness even in rather dumb group entities. Finally, the United States would seem to be a rather dumb group entity of the relevant sort. If we set aside our morphological prejudices against spatially distributed group entities, we can see that the United States has all the types of properties that materialists tend to regard as characteristic of conscious beings.
Parallel processing of motion and colour information

When the two eyes are confronted with sufficiently different versions of the visual environment, one or the other eye dominates perception in alternation. A similar situation may be created in the laboratory by presenting images to the left and right eyes which differ in orientation or colour. Although perception is dominated by one eye during rivalry, there are a number of instances in which visual processes nevertheless continue to integrate information from the suppressed eye. For example the interocular transfer of the motion after-effect is undiminished when induced during binocular rivalry. Thus motion information processing may occur in parallel with the rivalry process. Here we describe a novel example in which the visual system simultaneously exhibits binocular rivalry and vision that integrates signals from both eyes. This apparent contradiction is resolved by postulating parallel visual processes devoted to the analyses of colour and motion information. Counterphased gratings are viewed dichoptically such that for one eye the grating is composed of alternating yellow and black stripes (luminance) while for the other it is composed of alternating red and green stripes (chrominance). When the gratings are fused, a moving grating is perceived. A consistent direction of motion can only be achieved if left and right monocular signals are integrated by the nervous system. Yet the apparent colour of the binocular percept alternates between red-green and yellow-black. These observations demonstrate the segregation of processing by the early motion system from that affording the perception of colour. Although, in this stimulus, colour information in itself can play no part in the cyclopean perception of motion direction, colour is carried along perceptually (filled in) by the moving pattern which is integrated from both eyes.
A stream partitioning approach to processing large scale distributed graph datasets

RDF datasets are an important source of big data. Many of them, however, are too large to fit on a single machine. One approach to address this is to partition the RDF graph across multiple machines, with each component residing on a single machine. A poor partition can incur significant communication costs, however, if as a result many queries involve multiple machines. A number of existing partitioning schemes seek to reduce these costs by finding partitions that avoid cutting edges in the RDF graph. While these can successfully find good partitions the partitioning process itself is often not very scalable, and not capable of handling incrementally-generated RDF data. In this paper, we develop a more scalable, effective and low complexity approach, online graph dataset partitioning, to produce high quality dataset partitions with fewer links between partitions. We show experimentally that it works well in reducing the communication cost of query processing, while at the same time improving scalability of the partitioning itself.
ESS presidential address, 1995—invisible differences: On the management of children in postindustrial society

Drawing on data gathered through qualitative techniques, I suggest that the management of problems faced by children with a specific invisible neurological difference, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, teaches us about problematic areas of postindustrial society. I pay particular attention to how members of the children's and parents' separate moral universes assign stigma and to such behavioral-management techniques as patterned scheduling and “super-momming.” The problematic areas of contemporary life that I identify include the call for social conformity in the face of an ostensible demand for flexible social arrangements.
Institutional exceptions on global projects: a process model

This inductive study offers an examination of 23 cases in which informants from firms engaged in large-scale global projects reported unforeseen costs after failing to comprehend cognitive-cultural, normative, and/or regulative institutions in an unfamiliar host societal context. The study builds on the conceptual framework of institutional theory. The findings, which include propositions and a generic narrative model, contribute to theoretical knowledge of how institutional exceptions arise, how they are resolved, and how they typically involve three general phases: ignorance, sensemaking, and response. The findings also articulate the kinds of institutional transaction costs that an entrant incurs in each of the three phases, and the conditions that lead to the growth of these costs.
Use of Hybrid Aortic Stent Grafts for Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Indications and Outcomes

Background. Only two aortic stent grafts (Ancure-Guidant, Menlo Park, CA, and AneuRx-Medtronic, Sunnyvale, CA) have been FDA-approved for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EndoAAA). These grafts differ significantly in construction and clinical advantage, and combining components of these grafts (hybrid graft) is occasionally necessary. The role and outcome of hybrid aortic stent grafts is unknown. Methods. All EndoAAA procedures during an 18-month period (10/99–4/01) were reviewed using the hospital record and a computer registry. Endografts were classified as hybrid if components from more than one type of stent graft were used or standard if constructed from only one stent graft type. Hybrid grafts were further classified as “anticipated” or “unanticpated.” Outcomes were compared between hybrid and standard grafts using Fisher's exact test. Results. One hundred forty-five EndoAAA repairs were performed (AneuRx, 67; Ancure, 70; and custom-made, 8) of which 14 (9.6%) were hybrid grafts. The majority of hybrid grafts (11) were constructed by adding AneuRx aortic or iliac cuffs to Ancure grafts. In most cases, the need for a hybrid graft was unanticipated (10) and related to an intraoperative proximal type I endoleak (7). Conversion to open operation was avoided in six patients by constructing hybrid grafts. When anticipated (4), hybrid grafts were constructed to treat complex iliac aneurysms. Outcomes in all categories were similar (P > 0.05) for hybrid vs standard grafts: technical success (93 vs 99%), conversion toopen AAA (7.1 vs 2.3%), vascular complications (7.1 vs 7.6%), systemic complications (21 vs 11%), endoleak (15 vs 14%), and rupture (0 vs 0%). Conclusion. The short-term safety and effectiveness of hybrid grafts are similar to those of standard grafts. Combining graft components to create hybrid grafts may increase the ability to treat complex iliac aneurysmal disease and may reduce conversions to open AAA repair. Thus, access to multiple graft types may be an important factor in the success and safety of EndoAAA repair.
A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL TRIALS OF STILBESTROL

IN 1938 DODDS and his coworkers (1) in England published a series of articles on their 6-year study of synthetic estrogenic hormones related to the stilbenes and diphenylethane. They introduced one, 4:.4-dihydroxystilbene, or stilbestrol, which produces an even stronger effect in animals than the naturally occurring estrogens. This was the parent substance from which have been developed other closely related synthetic substances in an attempt to reduce the toxic side effects. Two of these substances are diethylstilbestrol (4:4-dihydroxy-alpha-beta-diethylstilbene) and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate. The compound, 4:4-dihydroxy-alpha-beta-diethylstilbene, is referred to in current literature under the name of stilbestrol. Another synthetic substance, hexystrol (dihydroxydiphenylhexane), has been dc veloped. It is fully saturated and may prove to have fewer side effects than stilbestrol and therefore be less toxic. An attempt is made in this paper to correlate some of the experimental and clinical studies ...
A Novel Interaction of the Golgi Complex with the Vimentin Intermediate Filament Cytoskeleton

The integration of the vimentin intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton and cellular organelles in vivo is an incompletely understood process, and the identities of proteins participating in such events are largely unknown. Here, we show that the Golgi complex interacts with the vimentin IF cytoskeleton, and that the Golgi protein formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD) participates in this interaction. We show that the peripherally associated Golgi protein FTCD binds directly to vimentin subunits and to polymerized vimentin filaments in vivo and in vitro. Expression of FTCD in cultured cells results in the formation of extensive FTCD-containing fibers originating from the Golgi region, and is paralleled by a dramatic rearrangements of the vimentin IF cytoskeleton in a coordinate process in which vimentin filaments and FTCD integrate into chimeric fibers. Formation of the FTCD fibers is obligatorily coupled to vimentin assembly and does not occur in vim−/− cells. The FTCD-mediated regulation of vimentin IF is not a secondary effect of changes in the microtubule or the actin cytoskeletons, since those cytoskeletal systems appear unaffected by FTCD expression. The assembly of the FTCD/vimentin fibers causes a coordinate change in the structure of the Golgi complex and results in Golgi fragmentation into individual elements that are tethered to the FTCD/vimentin fibers. The observed interaction of Golgi elements with vimentin filaments and the ability of FTCD to specifically interacts with both Golgi membrane and vimentin filaments and promote their association suggest that FTCD might be a candidate protein integrating the Golgi compartment with the IF cytoskeleton.
The Anaerobic Biodegradation of a Bagasse‐Based Paper‐Mill Waste in Fixed‐Film Reactor

The high concentration of biodegradable constituents in waste-water derived from bagasse-based paper mills warrants the consideration of an anaerobic biotechnology process to recover biogas and reduce the pollution load. An anaerobic down-flow fixed-film bark reactor process was studied to treat waste-water generated from bagasse-based paper mills. At the anaerobic stage, 90–95% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed at loading rates of 3–18 kg COD m%−3 day%−1 without supplying any nutrients or trace elements. A yield coefficient of 0.156 g cells (g COD) %−1 was calculated at a high COD loading rate of 18 kg COD m%−3 day%−1. With the anaerobic treatment process it is estimated that 1 m3 of bagasse waste-water with a COD content of 13000 mg dm%−3 can produce about 3.5 m3 of methane. Intermittent checks on the system alkalinity revealed that feed neutralization to maintain alkalinity would be necessary with sodium bicarbonate at approximately 2500 mg dm%−3 for achieving steady-state high treatment efficiency.
Axially Tapered Microchannels of High Aspect Ratio for Evaporative Cooling Devices

Analytical solutions are derived for evaporating flow in open rectangular microchannels having a uniform depth and a width that decreases along the channel axis. The flow generally consists of two sequential domains, an entry domain where the meniscus is attached to the top corners of the channel followed by a recession domain inhere the meniscus retreats along the sidewalls toward the channel bottom. Analytical solutions applicable within each domain are matched at their interface. Results demonstrate that tapered channels provide substantially better cooling capacity than straight channels of rectangular or triangular cross section, particularly under opposing gravitational forces. A multiplicity of arbitrarily tapered channels can be microfabricated in metals using LIGA, a process involving electrodeposition into a lithographically patterned mold
Correlations of measures of personality and of intelligence within and across generations

Abstract Members of over 100 families were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) as well as various psychometric tests of personality. Individual cognitive and personality measures often were associated. Parent personality scale scores often were associated with offspring WAIS scores and vice versa. Stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that knowledge of parental personality test scores substantially increased the predictability of offspring WAIS scores.
Licensed Professional Counselors’ Attitudes About and Interest in Providing Services for Clients With Schizophrenia: Advocacy Implications

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) constitute a population deserving of increased care and advocacy. Although Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) are trained in psychosocial interventions that improve recovery for individuals with SMI, researchers have rarely mentioned LPCs as providers for this population. In this survey, a majority of 111 participating LPCs indicated contact with and low stigma toward people with schizophrenia. Results suggest that many LPCs have needed prerequisites to serve clients with SMI effectively.
Prevalence of Counselor Self‐Reference in the Therapeutic Dyad

Ninety-one male and female counselors completed a survey assessing the frequency of their use of self-referent statements (positive and negative self-disclosure and positive and negative self-involving responses) in individual counseling. As the researchers hypothesized, counselors reported using a significantly greater frequency of positive versus negative self-reference. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant differences due to either counselor gender or level of counseling experience alone. There was, however, an interaction for males such that as experience increased, self-reference decreased. Implications for training and research are discussed.
Gold Nanoclusters Supported on MgO: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evidence of Au6

Gold nanoclusters on MgO powder were prepared from adsorbed [Au(CH3)2(C5H7O2)] and characterized by infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Treatment of the samples in He or H2 at increasing temperatures removed CH3 and C5H7O2 ligands and caused the gold to aggregate into nanoclusters of increasing size, ultimately those with the properties of metallic gold. Treatment in He at 373 K gave clusters that are inferred to be nearly monodisperse Au6, with first- and second-shell Au−Au coordination numbers of 4.0 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.1, respectively, corresponding to Au6 octahedra.
Completeness Assessment of Type II Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Drug Master Files under Generic Drug User Fee Amendment: Review Metrics and Common Incomplete Items

Under the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA) of 2012, Type II active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) drug master files (DMFs) must pay a user fee and pass a Completeness Assessment (CA) before they can be referenced in an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), ANDA amendment, or ANDA prior approval supplement (PAS). During the first year of GDUFA implementation, from October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013, approximately 1,500 Type II API DMFs received at least one cycle of CA review and more than 1,100 Type II DMFs were deemed complete and published on FDA’s “Available for Reference List”. The data from CA reviews were analyzed for factors that influenced the CA review process and metrics, as well as the areas of DMF submissions which most frequently led to an incomplete CA status. The metrics analysis revealed that electronic DMFs appear to improve the completeness of submission and shorten both the review and response times. Utilizing the CA checklist to compile and proactively update the DMFs improves the chance for the DMFs to pass the CA in the first cycle. However, given that the majority of DMFs require at least two cycles of CA before being deemed complete, it is recommended that DMF fees are paid 6 months in advance of the ANDA submissions in order to avoid negatively impacting the filling status of the ANDAs.
SMAS Flap Rhytidectomy

Antunes, and Becker. Study supervision: Becker. Financial Disclosure: None reported. Previous Presentation: This study was presented as a poster presentation at the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery fall meeting; September 23-26, 2010; Boston, Massachusetts. Additional Contributions: Alex Radin, PhD, and the University of Pennsylvania Mechanical Testing Central Facility helped with study setup and osteotome testing and assisted in the manufacturing of the osteotome, the suture holders, and the actual testing device. Also, Lolita Rotkina, PhD, at the University of Pennsylvania Regional Nanotechnology Facility helped with the high-powered optical microscopic photographs of the osteotome edge. REFERENCES
Kinetics of transformation on ZIF-67 crystals

Abstract Herein we report the structural evolution of ZIF-67 as a function of time at room temperature. We have identified the different stages of ZIF-67 formation (nucleation, crystallization, growth, and steady state periods) and elucidated its kinetics of transformation. It was found that the nucleation and growth of ZIF-67 crystals followed the classic Avrami׳s kinetics. Fundamental studies on the kinetics of formation of porous crystals demonstrated here should facilitate the preparation of MOF phases with controlled crystal size and extent of crystallinity.
Graphical Solution For Branching Pipe Flow

A graphical method for the solution of the flow distribution and pressures throughout a branching pipe network is presented. This procedure yields a direct solution avoiding the customary trial and error technique. An example is presented wherein the magnitudes of both sources of supply and outflows from the network vary with system pressures.
P03-07. Autologous neutralizing antibodies that select viral escape variants emerge late after SIV infection of rhesus monkeys.

Background Autologous neutralizing antibody responses against HIV1 have been shown to emerge a number of months after primary infection. It is not known why neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 are relatively slow to appear. We use the SIV/rhesus macaque model to characterize the kinetics of autologous neutralizing antibody responses and envelope sequence evolution in 4 rhesus monkeys infected intrarectally with SIVmac251.
Convergence and Computational Analyses for Some Variable Target Value and Subgradient Deflection Methods

We consider two variable target value frameworks for solving large-scale nondifferentiable optimization problems. We provide convergence analyses for various combinations of these variable target value frameworks with several direction-finding and step-length strategies including the pure subgradient method, the volume algorithm, the average direction strategy, and a generalized Polyak-Kelley cutting plane method. In addition, we suggest a further enhancement via a projected quadratic-fit line-search whenever any of these algorithmic procedures experiences an improvement in the objective value. Extensive computational results on different classes of problems reveal that these modifications and enhancements significantly improve the effectiveness of the algorithms to solve Lagrangian duals of linear programs, even yielding a favorable comparison against the commercial software CPLEX 8.1.
PL-20: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding does not cause esophageal dysmotility

Background: Esophageal dilatation and dysmotility have been proposed as a potential complication of laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB). The effect of the operation on the esophageal motility remains still uncertain. We hypothesized that: a) esophageal dysmotility after LAGB does not occur; b) esophageal manometry (EM) and barium esophagogram (BE) are both required pre and postoperatively to rule out dismotility; and c) fluoroscopic guidance is mandatory during band adjustment. Methods: Between 1/01 and 10/06, 829 patients underwent LAGB. Preoperatively EM and BE were performed. Forty patients underwent repeat EM at 1 year. BE was consistently performed during adjustments. Results: 829 pts underwent EM before LAGB: LESP was 16 7 mmHg; 56% had normal peristalsis, 37% NSEMD, 4% HP and 3% IEM; DEA was 83 38 mmHg. Of the 40 pts who had EM at 1 year, 85% were women, age 41 42 years, preoperative BMI was 47 47 kg/m2. At 17 14 months the % excess body weight loss (% EBWL) was 40 39. Postoperatively, 4 pts (18%) showed esophageal dilatation on esophagram. The results of the manometry were as follows: Conclusion: Our study suggested that, a) LAGB does not adversely affect esophageal motility; b) esophageal manometry is required to rule out esophageal motility disorders after LAGB; and c) in spite of using fluoroscopic guidance during band adjustments, esophageal dilatation still can occur.
Logistical design of a regional herbaceous crop residue-based ethanol production complex

Political and economic arguments underlie the focus on cellulosic ethanol production as a preferred process for meeting future renewable fuel demand. Cellulosic ethanol production requires large volumes of the biomass input, adding logistical challenges to the feasibility of the technology. The objective of this research is to evaluate the profitability of a field-to-refinery model developed to identify optimal harvest, storage, transportation, pretreatment, and refining activities for a study area in Northeastern North Dakota. Sensitivity analysis indicates profitability of the ethanol complex is marginal under current prices and anticipated technologies. However, increases in ethanol prices and reduced conversion costs to produce ethanol from herbaceous crop residues suggest future viability of the process. Finally, development of a viable livestock feeding industry using some or all of the AFEX-pretreated crop residue increases the profitability of harvesting crop residues for further use.
Direct vibrational excitation of 14N14N16O and 14N15N16O with a CO2 laser

Presentation d'une methode pour le pompage direct de 14 N 14 N 16 O ou 14 N 15 N 16 O par un laser CO 2 . Application de cette methode a l'obtention de donnees pour la desexcitation vibrationnelle de N 2 O dans une experience d'excitation directe
Accentuated remodeling on the upstream side of atherosclerotic lesions

Although it has been postulated that atherosclerotic stenotic lesions cannot remodel in response to altered flow, evidence to support or refute this hypothesis has been elusive. In vitro models have shown that accelerated endothelial shear stress occurs on the upstream side of stenoses, while turbulent lower shear stress is seen on the downstream side. We therefore compared vascular remodeling at paired sites 2 mm upstream and 2 mm downstream of the site of minimal lumen area in 25 atherosclerotic lesions in 23 patients using intravascular ultrasound. Remodeling was compared by 2 methods: normalized vessel area (vessel arealesion/vessel areareference) and remodeling index (change in vessel area/change in plaque area from reference). Normalized vessel area was significantly greater upstream than downstream (1.21 ± 0.06 vs 1.12 ± 0.09; p <0.05), despite similar plaque burden (8.84 ± 0.81 vs 8.42 ± 0.85 mm2) resulting in larger lumen area (8.15 ± 1.02 vs 6.10 ± 0.88 mm2; p <0.05). Remodeling index was also significantly higher upstream than downstream (0.67 ± 0.20 vs 0.12 ± 0.24, respectively, p <0.05). Accentuation of remodeling on the upstream side was significantly correlated (r = 0.54, p = 0.01) with the mean degree of shear acceleration expected by stenosis severity. Impaired remodeling on the downstream side may partly explain stenosis propagation down a vessel.
AKAP Signaling in Reinstated Cocaine Seeking Revealed by iTRAQ Proteomic Analysis

To identify candidate proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as potential pharmacotherapeutic targets for treating cocaine addition, an 8-plex iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) proteomic screen was performed using NAc tissue obtained from rats trained to self-administer cocaine followed by extinction training. Compared with yoked-saline controls, 42 proteins in a postsynaptic density (PSD)-enriched subfraction of the NAc from cocaine-trained animals were identified as significantly changed. Among proteins of interest whose levels were identified as increased was AKAP79/150, the rat ortholog of human AKAP5, a PSD scaffolding protein that localizes signaling molecules to the synapse. Functional downregulation of AKAP79/150 by microinjecting a cell-permeable synthetic AKAP (A-kinase anchor protein) peptide into the NAc to disrupt AKAP-dependent signaling revealed that inhibition of AKAP signaling impaired the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Reinstatement of cocaine seeking is thought to require upregulated surface expression of AMPA glutamate receptors, and the inhibitory AKAP peptide reduced the PSD content of protein kinase A (PKA) as well as surface expression of GluR1 in NAc. However, reduced surface expression was not associated with changes in PKA phosphorylation of GluR1. This series of experiments demonstrates that proteomic analysis provides a useful tool for identifying proteins that can regulate cocaine relapse and that AKAP proteins may contribute to relapse vulnerability by promoting increased surface expression of AMPA receptors in the NAc.
Where Is Cope's Face?

Edward Drinker Cope (1840-1897) willed his body to science. This accounts for a published description of his skull 10 years after his death, the emergence of his skeleton from obscurity 17 years ago, and now the mystery of his face. In this instance "face" means the one which, around 1914, H. H. Wilder of Smith College reconstructed in clay on the face of Cope's skull.
Monte Carlo preference elicitation for learning additive reward functions

AI agents including robots often use reward functions to evaluate tradeoffs between different states and actions and to determine optimal policies. We are particularly interested in reward functions that can be decomposed into an additive sum of subrewards that are computed on independent subproblems or features of the state space. If these subrewards capture different reward metrics, such as user satisfaction and task completion time, it is unclear how to scale the subrewards in the reward function to produce an appropriate policy. In this work, we propose and evaluate a novel Monte Carlo method for learning the scaling factors of subrewards, in which the training elicits humans' preferences between two state-action scenarios. Because the algorithm elicits preferences over explicit scenarios, it is less susceptible to human error than previous elicitation approaches. The preferences are used to generate a set of inequalities over the scaling factors that we solve efficiently using a linear program. We show that our algorithm asks for a number of preferences proportional to log of the number of scaling factor hypotheses used in the Monte Carlo method.
Inadvertent Weather Modification by Chicago-Northern Indiana Pollution Sources Observed by ERTS-1

Discussion of an apparent case of cloud modification by the effluents from numerous industrial sites in the Chicago-Gary complex. An analysis is made of a series of ERTS-1 images taken over Lake Michigan on Nov. 24, 1972, which apparently show modification of 1.5-km-wide cumulus cloud streets by the effluents of the industries at the southern end of the lake. A close inspection of these images reveals numerous interesting phenomena, the most important of which is the apparent alteration of the cumulus clouds along the axis of the major pollution plumes.
Standard approach to antiepileptic drug treatment in the United States.

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are administered to patients for acute and long-term treatment of seizures. Most patients with acute convulsions receive intravenous (i.v.) benzodiazepine (BZD), frequently followed by i.v. loading with phenytoin (PHT), especially when seizures continue. For patients with absence status epilepticus, BZD is usually followed by ethosuximide (ESM) or valproate (VPA). The decision to continue AED therapy is based on the likelihood that seizures will continue or recur. Once epilepsy is diagnosed, long-term treatment with AEDs is recommended, beginning with monotherapy. Two studies sponsored by the U.S. Veterans Administration (VA), which compared the efficacy of carbamazepine (CBZ), PHT, phenobarbital (PB), primidone (PRM), and VPA, recommend that most adults with recurrent partial seizures receive either CBZ or PHT. The 1992 VA study suggests that VPA is equal to CBZ or PHT in efficacy when partial seizures become secondarily generalized. Primary generalized epilepsies are most frequently treated with VPA when combinations of generalized seizures exist. ESM is prescribed most often when typical childhood absence seizures exist alone. Although many authorities do not recommend long-term treatment of childhood febrile seizures, PB is administered by some when febrile seizures have complex symptomatology. In general, AED monotherapy is currently preferred, but those with more refractory epilepsy receive polytherapy. CBZ, PHT, PB, PRM, VPA, and ESM are the primary AEDs prescribed in the United States. PHT, followed by CBZ and VPA, is the most frequently prescribed AED as both new and total prescriptions. The introduction of felbamate, gabapentin,and lamotrigine may alter these patterns in the future.