cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1351: A CD83 SNP is associated with abnormal Pap test results in high-risk Ohio Appalachian women.

Background: Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is a leading cause of death in women worldwide. While the prevalence is decreasing in developing countries, it continues to disproportionately affect certain sub-populations in the US. For example, the rate of ICC incidence and mortality in Appalachian women is the highest in the US among white women. Further, Ohio Appalachian women also demonstrate 2-3 times higher rates of abnormal Pap smears compared to the general US population. While many risk factors are known to influence ICC development, little is known about the role of heredity and genetic susceptibility factors. The CD83 gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein known to play an important role in immune function. Previous studies suggest that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CD83 is associated with increased susceptibility to cervical cancer development. The association was further increased in cervical cancer patients infected any high-risk HPV subtype. Objective: To determine if the CD83 SNP rs750749 is associated with abnormal Pap results and HPV infection in a population-based case control study of Ohio Appalachian women. Methods: The rs750749 SNP was genotyped from blood DNA derived from 288 abnormal Pap cases and 535 normal Pap controls. Odds ratio estimates and 95% confidence intervals were determined using logistic regression. Results: Carriers of the major TT genotype exhibited a 42% increase in the odds of presenting with an abnormal Pap test result compared to carriers of the minor CT and CC genotypes (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.05-1.92; p=0.02). Stratifying by HPV status, HPV positive TT carriers exhibited a marginally significant increase of 56% [OR=1.56; 95% CI: 0.95-2.55; p=0.08]. After controlling for smoking, the odds of abnormal Pap results are increased by 35% for TT carriers [OR=1.35; 95% CI: 0.99-1.84; p=0.06]. Conclusions: These findings suggest an association between the CD83 SNP rs750749 and cervical premalignancy in high-risk Ohio Appalachian women. Further studies are needed to determine if the association is maintained in Appalachian ICC patients as well as the biological significance of CD83 in ICC development. Funding Sources: This study was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (P50 CA015632), the Behavioral Measurement Shared Resource at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (National Cancer Institute Grant P30 CA016058) and the Clinical and Translational Science Award (NIH/NCRR Grant Number UL1-RR025755). Citation Format: Joe T. Perrault, Blessing E. Ogbemudia, Marta L. Sears, Cecillia R. DeGraffinreid, Danqi Zhu, Bo Lu, David E. Cohn, Thomas J. Knobloch, Mack T. Ruffin, Electra D. Paskett, Christopher M. Weghorst. A CD83 SNP is associated with abnormal Pap test results in high-risk Ohio Appalachian women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1351. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1351
The hydrophobic surface of colipase influences lipase activity at an oil–water interface

The interaction of pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase at an oil-water interface is required for efficient digestion of dietary fats and provides a model system for the interaction of proteins at biological membranes. Colipase has two important surfaces, a hydrophilic surface that interacts with lipase and a hydrophobic surface that presumably interacts with substrate. To begin our investigations into the role of the hydrophobic surface in the function of colipase, we replaced three neighboring tyrosine residues at positions 55, 58, and 59 in the hydrophobic surface with aspartic acid. Two of the three residues, Tyr55 and Tyr59, influenced the activity of colipase. Introducing aspartic acid at either position decreased the activity with long-chain triglycerides, but not with a short-chain triglyceride. Decreased ability of the mutants to anchor lipase to long-chain triglycerides did not explain the altered activity of the mutants. A mutant containing aspartic acid at positions 55 and 59 had no activity with any substrate and did not anchor lipase to either short- or long-chain triglycerides. These results identify the two tyrosine residues that interact with substrate and suggest that the hydrophobicity of the surface containing these tyrosines influences colipase function and the substrate selectivity of pancreatic triglyceride lipase.
AMANDA PODANY. THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION.

Amanda Podany. The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, xix + 148 p., ISBN 978-0-19-537799-6.
On the Chinese Language Teaching in Japan in the Early Modern Times

The Meiji Reform of Japan brought the country into a new historical age,and oriented its Chinese language teaching to politics.The Chinese language teaching in Japan in the early modern times underwent three stages.The first stage(1871-1885):the age of transition from traditional Nanjing Dialect to Mandarin.The second stage(1885-1918):the age closely connected to the economic and military expansionism.The third stage(1918-1945):the age for establishing "New East-Asian Order".Thus,the Chinese language teaching in Japan in the early modern times was mainly used as a tool of its foreign expansionism and closely related to the political situation of the Far-East.
Poly(β-thioesters) containing monodisperse oxamide hard segments using a chemoselective thiol-Michael addition reaction

The inherent chemoselectivity of the thiol-Michael addition reaction enabled the synthesis of segmented copolymers using a one-pot, one-step procedure. The enhanced reactivity of a thiol towards an acrylate over a methacrylate generated thiol-terminated soft segment oligomers in the presence of bis-oxamide dimethacrylate hard segment monomers, furnishing segmented copolymers containing monodisperse hard segments after in situ chain extension. Thermomechanical characterization revealed extended plateau regions for all compositions with segmented and unsegmented copolymer analogs displaying similar plateau moduli, glass transition temperatures, and flow temperatures. Preliminary morphological analysis indicated a degree of undesired phase-mixing as a result of hydrogen-bond acceptors in the soft segment. The effectiveness of the bis-oxamide hydrogen-bonding motif allowed for sufficient phase separation to provide extended plateau regions for all samples as observed with dynamic mechanical analysis.
Single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in 101 consecutive patients: choledochotomy, transcystic, and transfistulous approaches.

Laparoscopic surgery for choledocholithiasis is still evolving. Only a few reports of single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) have been published. One hundred and one consecutive patients underwent single-incision LCBDE (SILCBDE) by one surgeon with straight instruments during a 42-month period. Choledochotomies were performed on 61 patients (60.4%). The success rate of intrahepatic duct exploration was 68.0% (17/25) for patients undergoing transcystic choledochoscopic bile duct explorations following longitudinal cystic ductotomies. The ductal clearance rate was 100%. Eighteen procedures (17.8%) were converted, including one open surgery. Nineteen patients (18.8%) experienced 26 episodes of complications; the majority (19 episodes) were classified as Clavien–Dindo grade I. Excluding those patients with Mirizzi syndrome (McSherry type II), multivariate logistic regressions showed that patients who were older or had complicated cholecystitis had higher procedure conversion rates and that higher modified APACHE II scores, higher white blood cell counts, and longer operative times were independent risk factors for complications. Based on operative times, 20 successful SILCBDEs were needed to get through the learning phase. A higher transcystic approach rate (46.5 vs. 8.3%; P < 0.01) and a shorter operative time (207 ± 62 vs. 259 ± 66 min; P < 0.01) were observed in the experienced phase. Compared with our early series of multi-incision LCBDE, the SILCBDE group had a higher bile duct stone clearance rate (100 vs. 94.4%; P < 0.05) and a higher proportion of patients with concomitant acute cholecystitis (59.6 vs. 22.2%; P < 0.01). LCBDE with a 100% ductal clearance rate is possible following an algorithm for various approaches. SILCBDE is feasible under a low threshold for procedure conversion. A transcystic approach should be tried first if indicated, and a longitudinal cystic ductotomy to the cystocholedochal junction is beneficial. Prospective, randomized trials comparing single-incision and multi-incision LCBDE are anticipated.
Neural control of sweat secretion: a review.

Humans have 4 million exocrine sweat glands, which can be classified into two types: eccrine and apocrine glands. Sweat secretion is a constitutive feature, which is directly involved in thermoregulation and metabolism. Sweat secretion is regulated by both the central nervous system1 and autonomic nervous system.2 In peripheral areas, the ANS, especially the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), mediates the transmission of neurotransmitters to sweat glands. Two principal chemical mediators, acetylcholine and noradrenaline (NA)/adrenaline (ADR), are released by the SNS, which stimulate sweat secretion. In the CNS, the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus responds to the elevated body temperature by increasing sweating, whereas emotional stresses stimulate the limbic system to induce sweating. The ANS mediates sweating that is due to stimulation of the thermoregulatory center and limbic system. In this review, we focus on the neural control of sweat secretion and the mechanisms by which chemical mediators induce sweating. In addition, we will discuss the sweating disorders associated with neural anomaly as well as the treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Metastatic pulmonary calcification and end-stage renal disease.

A 64-year-old man with end-stage renal disease was evaluated in the pulmonary clinic for persistent abnormalities on axial computed tomography (CT) of the chest. He was a lifelong nonsmoker and had no history of exposure to occupational dust or fumes. His oxygen saturation was 100% on room air, and
Transition of Prenatal Prospermatogonia to Postnatal Spermatogonia

In the mouse, the prospermatogonial phase of male germline development begins during the fetal stages and extends into the neonatal stages when the initial development of spermatogonia then occurs. In the immature testis, undifferentiated spermatogonia are heterogeneous with at least three distinct subpopulations—those spermatogonia that do not self-renew and give rise directly and only to the first spermatogenic wave, those spermatogonia that form spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that are capable of undergoing either self-renewal or differentiation such that they can sustain steady-state spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive lifespan of the male, and those spermatogonia that will undergo cell death. The mechanism that regulates which of these fates will be adopted by each developing spermatogonium remains unresolved. However, there is growing evidence that those prospermatogonia that ultimately give rise to SSCs may become predetermined to this fate during the early fetal stages of male germline development, such that these cells follow a unique developmental program that promotes accumulation of characteristics that are particularly advantageous to SSCs. This notion is supported by studies of the maintenance of genetic integrity in developing prospermatogonia and early undifferentiated spermatogonia that do or do not give rise to SSCs.
Flu MODELO 1.0: A simulation model and graphic interface for training and decision support for influenza management

There are many models for simulating infectious disease outbreaks that assist health policy officials in making better decisions about mitigation strategies in the event of an epidemic. However, none of the existing models address the need to train students and policy makers in the concepts and use of such models. In this paper, we present Flu MODELO 1.0, an implementation of a model that simulates an outbreak of influenza that is mitigated with a variety of strategies. Flu MODELO 1.0 is coupled with a GUI for running, replicating, and analyzing simulations. A novel addition in the GUI is the module for educating users about the concepts used in flu outbreak simulation. Flu MODELO 1.0 includes a parallelized version for use in simulating large populations.
Nanotechnology experiences for students and teachers (NEST): Enhancing teachers' self-efficacy and their understanding of STEM career opportunitie

The Nanotechnology Experiences for Student and Teachers (NEST) summer learning opportunity at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) connects faculty, staff, and students from the Schools of Engineering and Technology, Science, and Education with high school teachers of STEM subjects in a two week teacher professional development experience. In the summer of 2016, eleven teachers participated in a series of NEST program activities that were designed to model instructional strategies while engaging the teachers in hands-on nanotechnology research experiences. Teachers were also provided tours and exposed to research being conducted and equipment being used in labs incorporating nanotechnology across campus. Additionally, the participants worked with other teachers involved in a Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) project, to develop nanotechnology lessons to incorporate in their classroom during the following school year. Primary outcomes from this professional development were not limited to the developed lessons. Data collected through pre- and post-content knowledge assessments and pre- and post-self-efficacy surveys (T-STEM), show statistically significant increases in teacher nanotechnology content knowledge, nanotechnology self-efficacy, science efficacy and beliefs, and understanding of STEM careers. Observations and focus groups also provided data on potential program enhancements to facilitate greater support and experiences for the participating teachers.
Semi-supervised multi-output image manifold regression

We present a data-driven method for semi-supervised multioutput regression on image manifolds, which simultaneously considers the manifold structure of the input data and complex output labels. Compared to related methods, our method achieves superior prediction accuracy on a variety of data sets, with as few as 5% of the input examples labeled. Also, with a few labeled examples and no domain-specific tuning, our method performs on par with specialized algorithms for tasks such as face landmark detection.
Single Time Point Interventions in Network-Dependent Data

Consider a study in which we collect data on N units connected by a social network. For each unit i = 1, …, N, we record baseline covariate (W i ), exposure (A i ), and outcome of interest (Y i ) information. We also observe the set F i that consists of the units in {1, …, N}∖{i} that are connected to and could influence the unit i. The set F i constitutes “i’s friends”. We allow | F i |, the total number of friends of i, to vary in i. In addition, we assume that | F i | goes to zero when scaled by 1∕N. For example, F i could represent the set of all the friends of i in a social network, or the set of all of i’s sexual partners in a study of the effects of early HIV treatment initiation.
The Theory and Design of Subminiature Ionization Gauge Tubes

Subminiature ionization gauge tubes offer advantages in reduced size, weight and power requirements over conventional tubes of this type. The theory and design of subminiature ionization gauge tubes of the Bayard—Alpert type is discussed. The conditions for linear operation are developed and explored. Although the standard sensitivity ic/pia is small compared to conventional ionization gauge tubes, this is easily offset by a compensating increase in collector current amplifier gain. By proper operation, the decade sensitivity ∂ log (ic/ia)/∂ log p may be made equal to unity so that linear collector current—pressure characteristics are attained.
Child Abuse Potential: A Comparison of Subtypes of Maritally Violent Men and Nonviolent Men

Researchers have demonstrated an overlap between husband-to-wife violence and child abuse, but we know little about which maritally violent men are at greatest risk for engaging in child abuse. This study examined child abuse potential across 4 subtypes of maritally violent men (i.e., family only, low level antisocial, borderline/dysphoric, and generally violent/antisocial; Holtzworth-Munroe et al., and 2 comparison groups of nonviolent men (i.e., maritally distressed or not), using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP; J. S. Milner [1986])). The results revealed that the borderline/dysphoric batterer subtype had significantly higher child abuse potential scores than all of the other violent subtypes and the nonviolent comparison groups. Theoretical and clinical implications are briefly discussed.
The Study of Deviant Behavior

The theoretical statements, methods, and empirical analyses reported in this volume are not presented as the state of our current understanding of the causes of deviant behavior, but rather are presented as a template for a useful logic of procedure for increasing our understanding of deviant behavior. Starting with a guiding theoretical framework and a methodological approach, we estimated a series of models using a systematic elaboration strategy to decompose hypothesized linear relations, increase explained variance, uncover suppressor effects, and determine scope conditions for the hypothesized models.
I'd rather have a baby than root canal, or how to treat the fearful patient.

I have tried to enumerate the ways that can be used to communicate with the apprehensive patient in order to dispel the myths and allay the fears of root canal therapy. The categories discussed were communication, local anesthesia, nitrous oxide analgesia, pre-visit sedation and i.v. sedation. Some or all of these disciplines can be used depending on the situation.
High-light selection produces a fast-growing Picochlorum celeri

Abstract A new species of marine algae Picochlorum celeri was obtained by enriching for fast reproductive rates under constant high irradiance in semi-continuous culture. Several rapidly-growing cell lines were isolated from the enrichment culture by bringing up cultures from single cells in very high light. Therefore, individual cells are very resilient to inhibition by light. This is a prominent characteristic of this P. celeri in all cell lines. Measured oxygen evolution rates were unusually high. One of these lines is able to double in as short as 2.0 h. Doubling times of other cell lines were between 2.4 and 3.5 h. This species is characterized by high pigment content, high absorption cross section, and an antenna size that is very responsive to irradiance becoming very small at high irradiance.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise to Prevent Bone Loss in Premenopausal Women with Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background/Introduction/Objective: Premenopausal women treated for breast cancer are at high risk for bone loss. This trial examined the effects of a 1-year combined aerobic and resistance...
Measurements of resonant Kerr self-focusing and self-defocusing of tunable, 4.3 µm radiation in CO2 gas

We report detailed measurements of resonant self-focusing and self-defocusing of a continuously tunable Fe:ZnSe laser operating within the 4P-branch of the CO2 molecule. We determine the dispersion of this resonant nonlinearity near a rovibrational transition.
Imaging Collagen Properties in the Uterosacral Ligaments of Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Using Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM)

We studied collagen fiber organization in tissue affected by pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and compared it to asymptomatic controls. Both the control and POP tissue biopsies were prepared and measured by a highly sensitive quantitative phase imaging (QPI) system, called spatial light inference microscopy (SLIM). Combined with automatic image processing, this modality provides quantitative, high-throughput assessment of fiber morphology. We found the fiber orientation in prolapsed specimens is less homogeneous, indicating an abnormal organization of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM).
Ifosfamide in the treatment of ovarian cancer

Ifosfamide has been assessed in the treatment of ovarian cancer for more than two decades. The drug possesses well-documented but modest activity (10% to 15% range) in women with platinum/alkylating agent-resistant ovarian cancer. A potentially important ongoing clinical trial is attempting to define the level of activity of ifosfamide administered in the salvage setting to patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have been previously treated with a platinum drug plus paclitaxel but not an alkylating agent.
Symmetries from locality. I. Electromagnetism and charge conservation

It is well known that a theory of the (i) Lorentz invariant and (ii) locally interacting (iii) two degrees of freedom of a massless spin 1 particle, the photon, leads uniquely to electromagnetism at large distances. In this work, we remove the assumption of (i) Lorentz boost invariance, but we still demand (ii) and (iii). We consider several broad classes of theories of spin 1, which in general explicitly violate Lorentz symmetry. We restrict to the familiar two degrees of freedom of the photon. We find that most theories lead to nonlocality and instantaneous signaling at a distance. By demanding a mild form of locality (ii), namely that the tree-level exchange action is manifestly local, we find that the photon must still be sourced by a conserved charge with an associated internal symmetry. This recovers the central features of electromagnetism, although it does not by itself impose Lorentz boost symmetry. The case of gravitation dramatically improves the final conclusion and is reported in detail in our accompanying paper Part 2.
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Heart - An Ominous Association.

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse and complex and include acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis masquerading as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, pericarditis and pericardial effusion. We present 2 cases of COVID-19 infection with myocardial involvement with distinct mechanistic pathways and outcomes. Important decision strategies such as the timing of cardiac catheterization (when indicated) and requirement of early hemodynamic support in critically ill patients are discussed.
The relationship between depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and concussion history with poor sleep in collegiate athletes.

Abstract Objective Ongoing exploration of factors related to poor sleep in collegiate athletes is important as understanding of the risks and consequences of poor sleep in this specific population increases. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University in the Pacific Northwest. Participants One-hundred thirty-seven male and female collegiate athletes across 5 collision, contact, and limited contact team sports. Measurements Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 9; PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (General Anxiety Disorder 7; GAD-7), and somatic complaints (Patient Health Questionnaire 15; PHQ-15). Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) used both a cutoff score ≥6 and a cutoff score of ≥8, indicating "poor sleep quality" to reduce threats to divergent validity. Results Poor sleep quality as defined by PSQI ≥ 6 was present in 53% of athletes, and as defined by PSQI ≥ 8 was identified in 33.5% of the cohort. There were no differences in the incidence of poor sleepers between sport, race/ethnicity, or sex. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, Caucasian race, male sex, and number of concussions were significant predictors of poor sleep (P Conclusions A high incidence of poor sleep among collegiate athletes was observed regardless of sport, and may be related to depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, Caucasian race, male sex, and historical number of concussions.
SwitchPaD: Active Lateral Force Feedback over a Large Area Based on Switching Resonant Modes

We present a new device, the SwitchPaD, to generate an active lateral force on a bare fingertip over a large touch area. Like our previous device, the UltraShiver, the SwitchPaD uses synchronization of in-plane ultrasonic oscillation and out-of-plane electroadhesion to generate force. The UltraShiver, however, relied on a single longitudinal resonance to produce oscillations, resulting in an inconsistent force profile. The SwitchPaD switches between the first and the second longitudinal mode based on the finger position, resulting in a much more consistent force profile across the touch surface. Experiments are used to compare the performance of two different modal switching strategies. Results indicate that the SwitchPaD can generate 250 mN peak active lateral force over a large area, and that, with the proper switching strategy, the switch itself is imperceptible.
Proposing a social identity theory of interspecies dominance

Abstract Traditional conservation scientists approach biodiversity from a resource-management perspective, in which both wildlife and non-living natural resources are managed to balance the interests of competing human stakeholders. Here, I argue for viewing biological conservation as part of a larger competition of the powerful and their interests against humans and wildlife alike. Drawing on social dominance theory to apply lessons on intergroup conflict to ecological networks, I propose that those political power structures that marginalize human populations, denying voice and inclusion, also perform poorly regarding wildlife species. Accounting for nonhuman species as a collection of agentic beings seeking to satisfy their own survival interests and that of their respective “social” group, I argue for connecting the literatures on social justice and ecological justice through common challenges rooted in the social psychology of power.
Firm Creation and Local Growth

Firm creation is central to many theories of economic growth. I show using U.S. Census microdata that new firms play a dominant role in the growth of local areas, such as cities and counties. Entry is very persistent at the local level, and variation in this extensive margin accounts for most of long-term employment growth. In contrast, the firm lifecycle is invariant across space. I rationalize these findings in a simple theory of variety-led growth, in which firm creation amplifies and propagates local shocks. New firms raise wages and attract new workers, whose spending spurs the creation of more new firms. I estimate the model exploiting changes in local demand driven by aggregate structural change, and find that this feedback is quantitatively powerful. Using the model, I show that the employment effects of the decline of manufacturing in the U.S. Rustbelt have been greatly amplified by a substantial startup deficit.
Abstract P33: Disparities in breast cancer screening and the impact of COVID-19 in Houston, Texas

Background: The third most populous county in the United States, the Harris Country, has some of the worst outcomes of breast cancer in the country. In this county, 27% of mammogram eligible women, ages 40-64 are uninsured, compared to about 11% the national average. Harris Health (HH) is a state funded network of SafetyNet hospitals and clinics that provide comprehensive care, including breast cancer screening to the uninsured and underinsured residents of the Harris county. The population who receives care at the HH sites is majority of racial and ethnic minorities and generally lower socioeconomic status than the county average. The number of screening mammograms abruptly dropped by 94% across the United States following the declaration of the COVID-19 national emergency. Currently there is no data on how breast cancer screening rates have been affected during the pandemic across Houston, and specifically in Harris County where health disparities gap already existed. We hypothesized that the population across HH sites have lower rates of screening mammograms following the COVID-19 pandemic declaration compared to the rest of the population across Houston who visit Baylor St. Luke’s Health- Texas (SLH) catchment area. Methods: We retrieved the monthly gross number of screening mammograms performed at all HH sites and SLH sites from February to October for both 2019 and 2020 on the PENRAD database. We then used the Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U Test to assess differences in the distribution of percent change in mammogram between HH sites and SLH sites. First, we compared the total mammogram numbers for February to October (2020 vs. 2019). We then compared only the numbers for each month (e.g., May 2020 vs. May 2019). Beyond basic descriptive counts, statistical analysis was limited to mammogram among women ages 40 – 69. Statistical significance was set at p Citation Format: Maryam Nemati Shafaee, Luke Gilman, Abiodun Oluyomi, Melissa Bondy, Tamara Ortiz-Perez, Chris Amos, Mothaffar Rimawi. Disparities in breast cancer screening and the impact of COVID-19 in Houston, Texas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P33.
Inhibition of serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinases by GSK650394 reduced infarct size in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with decreased BBB disruption.

Abstract Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the most important pathological changes following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We tested whether inhibition of the serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) would decrease BBB disruption and contribute to decreasing infarct size in the first few hours of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion within the thrombolysis therapy time window. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), an SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394, or vehicle was administered into the lateral ventricle of rats. After one hour of MCAO and two hours of reperfusion, we determined BBB disruption using the transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid, and also determined infarct size, phosphorylation of NDRG1, and MMP2 protein level. Ischemia-reperfusion increased (+34%, p
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gram Stains for Early Bacterial Identification in Pneumonia: Should They Stay or Should They Go?

Objectives The primary endpoint was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the bronchoalveolar lavage Gram stain in predicting culture results. Secondary endpoints included determining the proportion of Gram stains from bronchoalveolar lavages that accurately identify culture isolates and the duration of antibiotic treatment before bronchoalveolar lavage collection. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Four ICUs at a single academic medical center. Subjects Patients at least 18 years old admitted to an ICU with a diagnosis of pneumonia, collection of a bronchoalveolar lavage sample, and receipt of antibiotics. Measurements and main results Two-hundred five isolates were included. Gram stains for Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates showed high specificity, 97.3% and 100%, respectively, but lower sensitivity at 61.9% and 54.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 77.2% and 95.7% for Gram-positive isolates and 100% and 84.4% for Gram-negative isolates, respectively. Gram stains correctly identified isolates on the bronchoalveolar lavage culture in 61.9% of Gram-positive organisms and in 54.2% of Gram-negative organisms. Conclusions Gram stains accurately identified causative organisms in a limited number of patients making the utility of the Gram stain an uncertain modality for predicting causative respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage samples.
Fox Island Site (39DW230), Dewey County, South Dakota

An examination of this site on the west bank of the Missouri River in north-central South Dakota has revealed an unfortified settlement of approximately 30 earthlodges. The settlement pattern and a...
Accession and retention of minorities : implications for the future

Abstract Despite a significant increase in the numbers and proportion of minorities and women entering the military during the last two decades, little effort has been made to assess the implications of this trend for the future combat readiness of the nation. Using data from the Department of Defense, this article attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the accession and retention patterns of these groups over the past 20 years in terms of their reward and punishment experiences. In this context, issues that affect non-White minorities, such as symbolic racism, in particular, and problems that concern women related to child care, combat exclusion, etc., are examined from the perspective of majority-minority relations. The paper concludes with a brief statement regarding the implications of these issues for a military that increasingly must depend on a range of very sophisticated and technologically advanced weaponry.
Testing Wright's theory of olfaction with selectively deuterated (E)-2-hexen-1-al compounds

A test of Wright's multiple vibrational frequency theory of olfaction was made in the infrared region from 1200 to 400 cm−1 by deuterating (E)-2-hexen-1-al, a cockroach repellent, in 14 different combinations including the aldehyde and double bond groups. American and German cockroaches were the test insects. Both electroantennagram and CO2 evolution responses were measured and correlated to the infrared spectra by a Partial Least Squares program. The frequency shifts varied from 0 to 10 cm−1, smaller than hoped for, but there was a EAG correlation in the 1100–1200 cm−1 region.
More Than Just a Gut Check: Evaluating Ethical Decision Making in Public Relations

The public relations industry is increasingly focusing on evaluation and transparency of its activities. Despite this focus, an “evaluation” component is missing from many ethical decision-making models. Thus, this qualitative study of 22 public relations professionals asked How do public relations professionals evaluate or reflect upon ethical decisions? Five themes signaled that practitioners evaluate ethical decisions by conducting “gut checks,” asking questions, considering society, reflecting on core values, and considering the public's feedback. Findings suggest that professionals evaluate decisions on personal, organizational, and societal levels. Experience in the field, age, and personal intuitions are also factors.
MR imaging of Kallmann syndrome, a genetic disorder of neuronal migration affecting the olfactory and genital systems.

PURPOSE We report the MR findings in nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of Kallmann syndrome (KS), a genetic disorder of olfactory and gonadal development. In patients with KS, cells that normally express luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fail to migrate from the medial olfactory placode along the terminalis nerves into the forebrain. In addition, failed neuronal migration from the lateral olfactory placode along the olfactory fila to the forebrain results in aplasia or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Patients with KS, therefore, suffer both reproductive and olfactory dysfunction. METHODS Nine patients with KS underwent direct coronal MR of their olfactory regions in order to assess the olfactory sulci, bulbs, and tracts. A 10th patient had MR findings of KS, although the diagnosis is not yet confirmed by laboratory tests. RESULTS Abnormalities of the olfactory system were identified in all patients. In particular, the anterior portions of the olfactory sulci were uniformly hypoplastic. The olfactory bulbs and tracts appeared hypoplastic or aplastic in all patients in whom the bulb/tract region was satisfactorily imaged. In two (possibly three) patients, prominent soft tissue in the region of the bulbs suggests radiographic evidence of neurons that have been arrested before migration. CONCLUSIONS Previous investigators of patients with KS used axial MR images to demonstrate hypoplasia of the olfactory sulci but offered no assessment of the olfactory bulbs. In the present study we used coronal images to show hypoplasia of both olfactory sulci and bulbs. In addition, we found what we believe to be the radiologic correlate of arrested neuronal migration in KS.
Radiation-Induced and Genetically Contrived Dominant Lethality in Habrobracon and Drosophila.

S>Three kinds of dominant embryo lethals, distinguished phenotypically, were induced by radiation in Habrobracon. A similar situation was found to exist in Drosophila but only two kinds were distinguished by the criteria employed. It is concluded that although chromosome imbalance phenomena can mimic some of the dominant lethality induced by radiation, the majority of radiation-induced dominant lethals in Habrobracon and Drosophila are not mimicked by genetically contrived loss of chromosomes or loss of chromosome parts. The experimental procedure is described and findings are discussed. (C.H.)
Dynamic Functionalism: Strategy and Tactics

List of figures and tables Preface Part I. Allegations, Definitions, and Illustrations: 1. A kindly critique of Kingsley Davis 2. The incest taboo: social selection as a form of feedback 3. Exemplary exercises in survivorship 4. The nature, determinants, and consequences of time-series processes Part II. Adaptive Structures and Social Processes: 5. Patterns of Adaptation 6. Processes, simulations, and investigations Part III. L'envoi: 7. Toward an integrated social science paradigm Appendix Notes References Index.
The Impact of Registration Timing on Student Performance

This study compares the impact of timing of registration on the student learning outcomes of students taking courses at three rural community colleges in the southeastern U.S. during the school years 2001–2003. Findings from this study indicate that early registration has a positive influence on students' grades and course completion rates. Also contributing to differences in student outcomes were student race, Pell Grant status, gender, program of study, and age.
Concentrations of lactic acid in neotenic and transformed tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) before and after activity

Concentrations of lactic acid in bodies of inactive neotenic tiger salamanders were similar to those recorded for inactive transformed animals. Transformed salamanders swimming against a water current for 5 min accumulated significantly more lactate in their body fluids than did neotenic salamanders, but subsequently metabolized the lactate at higher rates than characterized neotenic animals. Total body lactate in both morphs decreased rapidly in the first 1–1/2 h after activity, and within 6 h had returned to the level (common to both morphs) observed prior to activity. Whereas neotenic animals apparently swim with greater efficiency than transformed salamanders (4.26 μmole ATP/gvs. 6.06 μmole ATP/g expended by neotenic and transformed animals, respectively, during 5 min of continuous swimming), the transformed animals exhibit a metabolic adaptation to aquatic existence enabling them rapidly to recover from a lactacid debt.
Wave-propagation management in indoor environments using micro-radio-repeater systems

This paper investigates the ability of micro-radio repeaters for managing wave propagation by enhancing signal coverage for the nodes of a mobile ad-hoc network in a complex environment. Such radio repeaters can be considered to be scatterers with a large radar cross section (RCS). Strategically positioning them enables a chain of line-of-sight (LoS) propagation between the transmitter and receiver when the straight signal path is blocked by obstacles such as walls. To specify repeater parameters, wave propagation in various hallway junctions were analyzed using a ray-tracing method that accounted for reflection, penetration, and diffraction. By adding the repeater model to such propagation models, the ability of micro-radio-repeater systems to enhance wave propagation in indoor environments was demonstrated. The results were verified with various measurement examples using a bench-top repeater system at 2.4 GHz. To allow multiple access through a single repeater, a simple repeater structure, composed of two omnidirectional antennas and one amplifier with sufficient gain, was considered. Measurement results indicated that in the chosen various indoor scenarios, a repeater system with an active gain of more than 35 dB with omnidirectional antennas could present scattering larger than typical building diffraction, and thus could enhance signal connectivity at 2.4 GHz.
Radio Radiation from the Supergalaxy

IN March 1953, during a survey of the background radiation at 250 Mc./s. with the Ohio State radio telescope1,2, a low-intensity source was observed near R.A. 13h. extending at least from Dec. − 15° to + 15°. Further measurements indicate that the maximum or ridge line of this source extends along the dashed curve shown in the accompanying figure. Near Dec. + 15° the ridge becomes double. The solid contours in the figure show the measured variation in background intensity at 250 Mc./s. Galactic co-ordinates are superposed on the figure, with celestial co-ordinates (1950.0) indicated along the edges.
Wave structure induced by fluid-dynamic limits in the Broadwell model

Consider the fluid-dynamic limit problem for the Broadwell system of the kinetic theory of gases, for Maxwellian Riemann initial data. The formal limit is the Riemann problem for a pair of conservation laws and is invariant under dilations of coordinates. The approach of self-similar fluid-dynamic limits consists in replacing the mean free path in the Broadwell model so that the resulting problem preserves the invariance under dilations. The limiting procedure was justified in [ST]. Here, we study the structure of the emerging solutions. We show that they consist of two wave fans separated by a constant state. Each wave fan is associated with one of the characteristic fields and is either a rarefaction wave or a shock wave. The shocks satisfy the Lax shock conditions and have the internal structure of a Broadwell shock profile.
A factor analytic study of structured flowchart preference

Recent research [1, 2] has demonstrated that 75 to 89 percent of students prefer structured-flowcharts over pseudocode when learning short, complex algorithms. This phenomenon needs to be explained. Thus, the primary purpose of this research was to identify cognitive factors which are associated with this preference. A factor-analytic study was done using 21 cognitive-ability tests which measure 18 separate abilities. Seven factors with eigenvalues above one were extracted. The variable measuring structured-flowchart preference loaded significantly (r = .65, p r = .41 to .70, p
Surface-Reactive Acrylic Copolymer for Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices

A surface-reactive acrylic polymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PGMAMMA), was synthesized and evaluated for suitability as a substrate for fabrication of microfluidic devices for chemical analysis. This polymer has good thermal and optical properties and is mechanically robust for cutting and hot embossing. A key advantage of this polymeric material is that the surface can be easily modified to control inertness and electroosmotic flow using a variety of chemical procedures. In this work, the procedures for aminolysis, photografting of linear polyacrylamide, and atom-transfer radical polymerization on microchannel surfaces in PGMAMMA substrates were developed, and the performance of resultant microfluidic electrophoresis devices was demonstrated for the separation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Separation efficiencies as high as 4.6 × 104 plates for a 3.5-cm-long separation channel were obtained. The results indicate that PGMAMMA is an excellent substrate for microfabricat...
Evidence for a detrimental relationship between hypertension history, prospective memory, and prefrontal cortex white matter in cognitively normal older adults

Hypertension affects many older adults and is associated with impaired neural and cognitive functioning. We investigated whether a history of hypertension was associated with impairments to prospective memory, which refers to the ability to remember to perform delayed intentions, such as remembering to take medication. Thirty-two cognitively normal older adult participants with or without a history of hypertension (self-reported) performed two laboratory prospective memory tasks, one that relied more strongly on executive control (nonfocal prospective memory) and one that relied more strongly on spontaneous memory retrieval processes (focal prospective memory). We observed hypertension-related impairments for nonfocal, but not focal, prospective memory. To complement our behavioral approach, we conducted a retrospective analysis of available structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Lower white matter volume estimates in the anterior prefrontal cortex were associated with lower nonfocal prospective memory and with a history of hypertension. A history of hypertension may be associated with worsened executive control and lower prefrontal white matter volume. The translational implication is that individuals who must remember to take antihypertensive medications and to monitor their blood pressure at home may be impaired in the executive control process that helps to support these prospective memory behaviors.
Micro-Range/Micro-Doppler Decomposition of Human Radar Signatures

Recently, the use of micro-Doppler radar signatures for target classification has become an area of focus, in particular for the case of dynamic targets where many components are interacting over time. To fully exploit the signature information, individual scattering centers may be automatically extracted and associated over the full target observation. The availability of ultrafine radar range resolution, or micro-range resolution, aids this process immensely. This paper proposes one such algorithm. The proposed method uses the well-known nonlinear least squares (NLS) and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. As shown, leveraging fine range and Doppler resolution allows human signatures to be decomposed into the responses of constituent body parts. The algorithm is experimentally validated against a number of measured human-radar data sets.
A Formula for Calculating Some Schur Indices

Abstract We describe a method for calculating the Schur indices of certain characters of finite groups. This method helps, in particular, in the calculation of the Schur indices of the irreducible characters of the special linear groups.