cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2,5‐Bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐3,4‐diphenylcyclopentadienone

[16691-79-5] C21H16O5 (MW 348.35) InChI = 1S/C21H16O5/c1-25-20(23)17-15(13-9-5-3-6-10-13)16(14-11-7-4-8-12-14)18(19(17)22)21(24)26-2/h3-12H,1-2H3 InChIKey = NTXFYWYVVGMAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for cycloaddition reactions1) Physical Data: mp 169, 175 °C (from pet ether),1a 173 °C,1b 162–164 °C (from Ac2O).1c Form Supplied in: orange solid; may contain Diels–Alder dimer as impurity.1 Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR.1c Preparative Method: equimolar amounts of benzil and dimethyl 2-propanone-1,3-dicarboxylate in MeOH or EtOH with OH− are allowed to react at 25 °C for 1 day to give the intermediate dimethyl 3,4-diphenyl-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone-2,5-dicarboxylate in 70–96% yield. Treatment of the intermediate with acid in benzene1a or in Ac2O1b with heating gives the dienone in 98% yield containing 3% of the Diels–Alder dimer.1c
Equalizer reduces SNP bias in Affymetrix microarrays

Background Gene expression microarrays measure the levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a sample using probe sequences that hybridize with transcribed regions. These probe sequences are designed using a reference genome for the relevant species. However, most model organisms and all humans have genomes that deviate from their reference. These variations, which include single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions of additional nucleotides, and nucleotide deletions, can affect the microarray’s performance. Genetic experiments comparing individuals bearing different population-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms that intersect microarray probes are therefore subject to systemic bias, as the reduction in binding efficiency due to a technical artifact is confounded with genetic differences between parental strains. This problem has been recognized for some time, and earlier methods of compensation have attempted to identify probes affected by genome variants using statistical models. These methods may require replicate microarray measurement of gene expression in the relevant tissue in inbred parental samples, which are not always available in model organisms and are never available in humans.
Properties of cystinotic fibroblast-D98 cell hybrids studied by somatic cell hybridization.

SINCE the discovery of somatic cell hybridization1 this technique has been used primarily for studies of formal genetics, cell differentiation, and cancer2. This study represents an attempt to use this technique to study a metabolic disease in which the primary defect is unknown.
Moment of inertia and rotational frequency in hot rotating 158Yb nuclei

Abstract The nucleus 158Yb has a transition from quasivibrational structure at low spins and temperatures to quasirotational structure at high spins and moderate temperatures. Thermal shape fluctuations produce fluctuations in I and ω. However, these fluctuations do not eliminate the structural transition. The standard deviations in I and ω decrease at moderate temperatures. Consequently, thermal shape fluctuations produce minimal dispersion in E2 gamma energies, for moderate temperatures and high spins.
Behavior Problem Trajectories and First-Grade Cognitive Ability and Achievement Skills: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors investigated whether there was evidence of intraindividual stability in behavior problems over time as well as whether children with higher levels of behavior problems at 24 months and more rapid increases in behavior problems prior to school entry performed more poorly on 1st-grade tests of cognitive ability and achievement than their peers. Three findings were noteworthy. First, there was evidence of both intraindividual and interindividual variability in behavior problems between 24 months and 1st grade. Second, children with higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 24 months had lower cognitive ability and achievement scores in 1st grade. Finally, children with more rapid increases in internalizing behaviors over time had lower cognitive ability scores in 1st grade; this association did not exist for externalizing behaviors. Implications for future research are discussed.
Heat-acclerated radioinactivation of attenuated poliovirus

Attenuated poliovirus is inactivated in a synergistic manner when exposed simultaneously to heat and ionizing radiation. The synergistic response is observed in both the thermally labile and stable forms of the virus. A three-term kinetic model may be used to describe the inactivation response of the virus in a theral and/or radiation environment
Adiabatic microring modulators

In this work, we demonstrate and experimentally characterize adiabatic microring modulators, the smallest (4-μm-diameter) microring modulators shown to date, yielding 6.92-THz uncorrupted free spectral ranges. We demonstrate and quantify operation up to 12.5-Gb/s data rates.
Performance of alloy 800H for high-temperature heat exchanger applications

The tensile properties of austenitic Alloy 800H have been evaluated at temperatures ranging from ambient to 1000 °C. The results indicate that the tensile strength was gradually reduced with increasing temperature. Between ambient temperature and 200 °C, the failure strain was reduced possibly due to the occurrence of dynamic strain aging followed by its enhancement at temperatures up to 500 °C. Alloy 800H did not exhibit any failure in an acidic solution at constant-load. However, the true failure stress in this environment was reduced at elevated temperatures under a slow-strain-rate condition. The magnitude of electrochemical potentials became more active with increasing temperature. A detrimental effect of more noble controlled potential on the cracking susceptibility was noted in terms of the true failure stress. A combination of ductile and intergranular brittle failures was seen in the primary fracture surface of the tested cylindrical specimens.
Influence of Ejection Fraction on Hospital Mortality, Morbidity, and Costs for CABG Patients

Background. Preoperative ejection fraction (EF) has been shown to adversely affect postoperative hospital mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. To investigate influence of EF on isolated coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes (overall hospital mortality, hospital cardiac mortality, hospital morbidity, and hospital costs), data were reviewed from 1,354 consecutive patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 1, 1990, and April 30, 1992, at a single nonprofit hospital. Overall hospital mortality was 4.06% (cardiac, 2.36%). Hospital morbidity was 14.25% (including mortality). Hospital costs (not charges) averaged $16,673 per patient. To explore the impact of preoperative EF, EF was stratified into regular intervals. Each interval was then compared with regard to hospital mortality, morbidity, and average costs. A new statistical tool, discharge analysis, was developed to analyze the cost data. This was necessary because previous efforts at cost analysis have used tools inappropriate for real world cost data. Results. The statistical analysis showed that patients with EF of 0.40 or greater had the best outcomes (lowest mortality, morbidity, and cost). Once the EF is 0.40 or greater the EF does not carry further predictive value. At EF less than 0.40, patients with EF less than 0.30 have a poorer outcome than patients with EF of 0.30 to 0.39. Conclusions. (1) Ejection fraction is a valid predictor of mortality, morbidity and resource utilization based on statistical analysis. (2) Patients can be broadly grouped as having EF greater than 0.40, less than 0.30, or from 0.30 to 0.39 with regard to clinical and cost outcomes. (3) Postoperative length of stay is not predicted by risk-adjusted EF. (4) A new tool, discharge analysis, is presented to facilitate cost analysis.
In vivo distribution and turnover of trans- and cis-10-octadecenoic acid isomers in human plasma lipids

Triacylglycerols containing deuterium-labeled trans-10- and cis-10-octadecenoic acid (10t-18:1, 10c-18:1) plus the triacylglycerol of deuterated cis-9-octadecenoic acid (9c-18:1) were fed as a mixture to two young, adult male subjects. Analysis by mass spectroscopy of the labeled fats in blood samples collected periodically for 48 h allowed the uptake, distribution and turnover of both 10-octadecenoic acid isomers to be directly compared to 9c-18:1. A feature of this study is that actual weight data for the labeled fats were obtained. These data allowed plasma triacylglycerol turnover rates of 3.47-5.13 mg/min per kg to be estimated. Plasma and chylomicron triacylglycerol data also provided evidence that absorption of the deuterated fats mobilized 10-12 g of a triacylglycerol pool present in the intestinal cells. Other results are summarized as follows: the 10t-, 10c- and 9c-18:1 fatty acids were equally well absorbed, both delta 10-18:1 isomers were oxidized more rapidly than 9c-18:1, conversion of the delta 10-18:1 isomers into their corresponding 16:1 isomers was about 3-times faster than for 9c-18:1, the delta 10-18:1 isomers were preferentially incorporated at the 1-acyl and excluded from the 2-acyl position of phosphatidylcholine, esterification of cholesterol with the delta 10-18:1 fatty acids was 2.5-4.3-times slower than for 9c-18:1 and desaturation and elongation rates for the delta 10-18:1 acids were very low.
Reduction of orbital frontal cortex volume in geriatric depression.

Abstract Background: Postmortem studies have documented abnormalities in the medial orbital frontal cortex in depressed patients. In this study we evaluated whether atrophy of this region can be identified in older depressed patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Twenty elderly patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression and 20 matched control subjects were studied. The orbital frontal cortex was measured in both hemispheres using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Depressive patients had reduced volume in the total orbital frontal cortex, right orbital frontal cortex, and left orbital frontal cortex. Conclusions: Our finding of a reduction in orbital frontal cortex volume in both sides of the brain suggests that this region of the brain may have a critical role in the development of depression and raises questions about the etiology of the changes.
Reflections on Shared Practices in a Supervisory Lineage

Abstract Three members of a supervisory lineage (i.e., faculty supervisor, doctoral student supervisor/supervisee, and master's student counselor trainee) reflect on their practice during 15 weeks of counseling supervision. Supervisory collaboration and reciprocal learning were made possible by engaging in five shared activities: (1) utilizing a written supervision contract, (2) reviewing videotaped counseling and supervision sessions, (3) participating in live supervision, (4) maintaining written documentation, and (5) attending to here-and-now reflective conversations. Recommendations are provided for utilizing the supervisory relationship as the medium for mutual learning and professional development.
Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Reared in Zero-Exchange Tank Systems Exposed to Different Light Sources and Intensities

The development of biofloc production technology has generated significant commercial and research interest directed toward the inland culture of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Most work to date has been conducted in greenhouses, where photoautotrophic organisms are significant contributors to system functionality. In more temperate locations, operations in insulated buildings would reduce heating costs. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of light on shrimp cultured in intensive biofloc systems. A 92-d experiment was conducted in 3.8-m3 tanks. There were five light treatments: (1) natural sunlight (SUN) as a control (midday: 718 lx); (2) one metal halide light (MHL) (1074 lx); (3) one fluorescent light (1FL) (214 lx); (4) two fluorescent lights (2FL) (428 lx); and (5) three fluorescent lights (3FL) (642 lx). Artificial light treatments operated on a 12:12 daily cycle. There were three replicate tanks per treatment and each was separated by black plastic to prevent light transmission between replicates. Each tank was stocked at 465 shrimp/m2 of tank bottom (initial mean weight = 0.4 g). Light treatment had a significant (P≤ 0.05) impact on average individual weight, survival, harvest yield (kg/m2), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Harvest yield and survival among shrimp in the SUN, MHL, and 1FL treatments were not significantly different. However, there was an inverse linear relationship (P≤ 0.05; R2 = 0.76) between the number of fluorescent fixtures and survival, which was related to greater concentrations of filamentous bacteria as the intensity of fluorescent light increased, causing gill fouling. Natural light and MHL did not result in high concentrations of filamentous bacteria. These results indicate that natural light, metal halide lighting, and/or relatively low levels of fluorescent lighting are suitable for indoor production of Pacific white shrimp in biofloc systems. Light spectrum and intensity can affect bacterial community structure, which has a profound effect on shrimp survival and production.
Peptide inhibition of ENaC.

Liddle's disease is an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension resulting from a basal activation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels (ENaC). This channel activation is produced by mutations in the beta- and/or gamma-carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tails, in many cases causing a truncation of the last 45-76 amino acids. In this study, we tested two hypotheses; first, beta- and gamma-ENaC C-terminal truncation mutants (beta DeltaC and gamma DeltaC), in combination with the wild-type alpha-ENaC subunit, reproduce the Liddle's phenotype at the single channel level, i.e., an increase in open probability (Po), and second, these C-terminal regions of beta- and gamma-ENaC act as intrinsic blockers of this channel. Our results indicate that alpha beta DeltaC gamma DeltaC-rENaC, incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, has a significantly higher single channel Po compared to the wild-type channel (0.85 vs 0.60, respectively), and that 30-mer synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal region of either beta- or gamma-ENaC block the basal-activated channel in a concentration-dependent fashion. Moreover, there was a synergy between the peptides for channel inhibition when added together. We conclude that the increase in macroscopic Na+ reabsorption that occurs in Liddle's disease is at least in part due to an increase in single channel Po and that the cytoplasmic tails of the beta- and gamma-ENaC subunits are important in the modulation of ENaC activity.
Long-Distance Displacement of a Juvenile Alligator by Hurricane Ike

Abstract When Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas on 13 September 2008, massive debris piles were formed onshore along coastal Louisiana and Texas. A live juvenile Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligator) was found on 28 September amongst debris on the beach at Padre Island National Seashore; this alligator had been marked (web tags and tail notches) and released in Johnson's Bayou, LA six weeks prior to the hurricane. We believe it was swept away from coastal Louisiana by the hurricane's storm surge and displaced some 489 km from its release site. To our knowledge, this is a record displacement for an American Alligator and demonstrates the resiliency of this species.
Parallel processing in fortran with floating-point hardware†

With some types of floating-point hardware, the central processor is free to perform other tasks while a floating-point operation completes. The FORTRAN complier for the SEL-840MP computer was modified to execute subscripting calculations in parallel with floating-point operations where possible. This is done by operating on the triad table for an expression before scanning it to generate code. Skip pointers are inserted into the table to change the order in which entries are processed.
Computer Modeling of the Klystron

Although the klystron was invented over 40 years ago, it still is quite a scientific challenge to analyze this seemingly simple device. Accurate calculation of space-charge density and particle motions are required, but there are dozens of parameters that must be optimized. Thus the analysis must be inexpensive to run, because over 100 runs typically are required to optimize a particular design. A self-consistent ring model of the klystron interaction is being developed for use as a design tool, with the initial goal of improving the LAMPF klystrons to conserve electrical energy. A mathematical model that includes large-signal effects, relativity, harmonic and fundamental cavities, extended cavity fields, and self-consistent calculations of the induced currents is being developed. The model is self-consistent because the gap fields are calculated interactively, because the currents that drive the cavities are not known until after the beam transverses the cavities. Several test cases have been run, and the basic theory and results to date are discussed.
Inkjet printing of conductive polymer nanowire network on flexible substrates and its application in chemical sensing

Display Omitted Inkjet printing method was used to pattern a conducting polymer nanowire network.Nanowire morphology and electrical properties were preserved even after printing.A printed chemiresistive pH sensor and hydrogen peroxide sensor were demonstrated.Potential applications include print-and-use disposable biochemical sensors. This work reports an inkjet printing technique for patterning a conducting polymer nanowire network on a flexible film for applications in chemical sensing. The novelty of this work is in the patterning capability of polymer nanowires to form a conducting path. Polyaniline nanowires were chemically synthesized in an aqueous solution and a surfactant was added to lower the surface tension which enabled the printing of the nanowires using a commercially available inkjet printer. The nanowire network-based patterns were printed on a flexible transparency film, and its morphology characterization, patterning ability as well as the electrical properties were investigated. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a fully-printed chemical sensors were developed by using the proposed printing technique on flexible films. Two types of sensors were fabricated: a pH sensor and a hydrogen peroxide sensor. The results demonstrate that the developed sensors can be utilized as a low cost, disposable, and easily printable chemical sensors. The proposed technology may find applications in the development of a simple print-and-use biochemical sensing kit for potential use in point-of-care diagnostics.
Physician coaching to enhance well-being: a qualitative analysis of a pilot intervention.

Context Physicians in the United States increasingly confront stress, burnout, and other serious symptoms at an alarming level. As a result, there is growing public interest in the development of interventions that improve physician resiliency. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceived impact of Physician Well-being Coaching on physician stress and resiliency, as implemented in a major medical center. Study Design Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 physician-participants, and three coaches of a Physician Well-being Coaching pilot focused on three main areas: life context, impacts of coaching, and coaching process. Participants Interviewees were physicians who completed between three and eight individual coaching sessions between October 2012 and May 2013 through the Physician Well-being Coaching pilot program. Analysis Qualitative content analysis of the 11 physician interviews and three coach interviews using Atlas.ti to generate patterns and themes. Results Physician Well-being Coaching helped participants increase resilience via skill and awareness development in the following three main areas: (1) boundary setting and prioritization, (2) self-compassion and self-care, and (3) self-awareness. These insights often led to behavior changes and were perceived by physicians to have indirect but positive impact on patient care. Conclusions Devaluing self-care while prioritizing the care of others may be a significant, but unnecessary, source of burnout for physicians. This study suggests that coaching can potentially help physicians alter this pattern through skill development and increased self-awareness. It also suggests that by strengthening physician self-care, coaching can help to positively impact patient care.
Adaptation to visuomotor transformations: consolidation, interference, and forgetting.

The paradigm task A→task B→task A, which varies the time interval between task A and task B, has been used extensively to investigate the consolidation of motor memory. Consolidation is defined as resistance to retrograde interference (interference by task B on initial learning of task A). Consolidation has been demonstrated for simple skills, motor sequencing, and learning of force fields. In contrast, evidence to date suggests that visuomotor learning does not consolidate. We have shown previously that adaptation to a 30° screen-cursor rotation is faster and more complete on relearning 24 hr later. This improvement is prevented if a 30° counter-rotation is learned 5 min after the original rotation. Here, we sought to identify conditions under which rotation learning becomes resistant to interference by a counter-rotation. In experiment 1, we found that interference persists even when the counter-rotation is learned 24 hr after the initial rotation. In experiment 2, we removed potential anterograde interference (interference by task B on relearning of task A) by introducing washout blocks before all of the learning blocks. In contrast to experiment 1, we found resistance to interference (i.e., consolidation) when the counter-rotation was learned after 24 hr but not after 5 min. In experiment 3, we doubled the amount of initial rotation learning and found resistance to interference even after 5 min. Our results suggest that persistent interference is attributable to anterograde effects on memory retrieval. When anterograde effects are removed, rotation learning consolidates both over time and with increased initial training.
Lessons from a Compartmental Model of a Drosophila Neuron

Although the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster , has been a biological model organism for over a century, its emergence as a model system for the study of neurophysiology is comparatively recent. The primary reason for this is that the vinegar fly and its neurons are tiny; up until 5 years ago,
Background factors predicting accuracy and improvement in micro expression recognition

Micro expressions are brief facial expressions displayed when people attempt to conceal, hide, or repress their emotions. They are difficult to detect in real time, yet individuals who can accurately identify micro expressions receive higher workplace evaluations and can better detect deception. Two studies featuring college students and security officers examined background factors that may account for accuracy differences when reading micro expressions, both before and after training. Study 1 revealed that college students who were younger and high in openness to experience were better at recognizing micro expressions. However, individual differences did not predict improvement in micro expression recognition gained through training. Study 2 revealed experiential factors such as prior facial expression training and lack of law enforcement experience were more predictive of micro expression recognition than personality or demographic factors. Individuals in both studies showed recognition improvement with training, and the implications of the ability to improve at micro expression recognition are discussed in the context of security and interpersonal situations.
Classification of the classical male singing voice using long-term average spectrum.

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis Singing-voice classification is often considered the cornerstone of a classical singer’s identity. Traditionally, classification has been a highly subjective, nonstandardized process. As a result, misclassification of the singing voice is thought to be common, especially in young singers. Long-term average spectrum (LTAS) average is an objective measurement that could be used to classify a singer’s voice. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of LTAS with singing-voice classification. Study Design Descriptive between-subject study. Methods Nine professional classical male singers performed the “Star Spangled Banner” in a comfortable key of their choice. LTAS was calculated for the first two phrases, the remainder of the song, and the entire song. The overall LTAS averages of each sample as well as the physiological and singing ranges were compared with self-reported singing-voice classification. Results Voice classification and overall LTAS average were moderately correlated, but the strength of the correlation varied with each sample. The strongest correlation was with the entire song. Voice classification and singing range were strongly correlated. Conclusions LTAS remains a promising tool to aid in singing-voice classification. However, how to best use LTAS in classification remains unclear because of the influence of sample length and phonetic and pitch content on LTAS.
Effects of acute endotoxemia on glucoregulation in normal and diabetic subjects.

Response to the endotoxin, Pseudomonas polysaccharide, (Piromen®) was used as a model for infection induced insulin resistance in seven control subjects and seven juvenile diabetics. All subjects had iv GTTs with measurement of several glucoregulatory hormones on 3 successive days: GTT–1; GTT–2, 3 h after Piromen (0.6 µg/kg), and GTT–3. A continuing iv infusion delivering 0.5 to 4.0 units of regular insulin/h was given to the diabetic subjects throughout the entire study period. Doses were adjusted so as to maintain mean plasma glucose concentrations between 120 and 220 mg/dl. However, the insulin infusion dose during each iv GTT was kept constant at 0.5 units/h. Following endotoxin the control subjects developed fasting hyperglycemia, mild glucose intolerance, basal and glucose stimulated hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, and elevated plasma levels of growth hormone, ACTH, and cortisol. In the diabetic subjects given endotoxin, basal glucose values and those following iv GTT–2 were unchanged from comp...
Reexamining Bases of Power From an Attributional Perspective1

Four replications of Rodrigues' (1995) study on genotypical similarities of Raven's (1965) power taxonomy are reported. Rodrigues found that compliance induced by reward, informational, and referent power is perceived as more internal and controllable than compliant behavior induced by expert, legitimate, and coercive power. The replications included 4 new aspects: (a) subjects are highly ego-involved in the hypothetical situation presented; (b) subjects are actors rather than observers; (c) subjects are from another culture; and (d) subjects are asked to play the role of a supervisor and apply sanctions to the person who complied as a result of the influence attempt, thus affording an empirical testing of Weiner's (1995) thought-affect-action sequence when responsibility judgments are made. The results of all 5 studies, with a total of 570 subjects, support Rodrigues' (1995) findings and confirm Weiner's (1995) hypothesis
Effects of Pressure On Seismic Velocities of Fractured Rocks

Changes in the seismic velocities of fractured reservoirs detected by time-lapse seismic experiments provide important constraints on changes in fluid saturations and pressures. Effective models for variations in elastic properties as a function of pressure are important for properly interpreting such field data. Here we investigate the validity of a model that explains changes in elastic moduli as a result of the contact of rough fracture surfaces with asperities of varying heights (Gangi, 1978, 1981). Increases in effective pressure cause an increase in fracture stiffness as the asperities are brought into contact and deform. Since the asperities are modeled as cylindrical rods to derive the analytic solution, the result is sometimes referred to as the “bed-of-nails” model. Inverting measurements of velocity as a function of pressure for a large set of clastic, carbonate and igneous rocks shows that while the model predicts the general trend in velocity, it is less accurate for some rocks, especially for some clastics, and does not predict detailed variations in velocity well. The original, analytic solution assumes a power-law distribution of asperity heights, so to determine whether this is the source of error, we generalized the model to allow for arbitrary distributions. Inversions with this new model reduce residual error to negligible values, suggesting that this is a much better description of the rock properties. The new model therefore has the potential to facilitate modeling and interpretation of applications such as time-lapse seismic investigations of fractured reservoirs.
Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of seven cases.

Summary Seven patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the paratesticular tissues are presented and the clinical, histologic, and therapeutic features of the tumor are discussed. Lymphangiography proves to be the most valuable method in establishing the extent of retroperitoneal lymph node involvement. Chemotherapy and irradiation may decrease the size of the tumor, but any hope for cure appears to lie with radical surgery.
Hard-thermal-loop resummation of the thermodynamics of a hot gluon plasma

We calculate the thermodynamic functions of a hot gluon plasma to leading order in hard-thermal-loop (HTL) perturbation theory. Effects associated with screening, gluon quasiparticles, and Landau damping are resummed to all orders. The ultraviolet divergences generated by the HTL propagator corrections can be canceled by a counterterm that depends on the thermal gluon mass parameter. The HTL thermodynamic functions are compared to those from lattice gauge theory calculations and from quasiparticle models. For reasonable values of the HTL parameters, the deviations from lattice results for T>2T{sub c} have the correct sign and roughly the correct magnitude to be accounted for by next-to-leading order corrections in HTL perturbation theory. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
Modeling the Growth Inhibition Kinetics of Baker's Yeast by Potassium Sorbate Using Statistical Approaches

Potassium sorbate is widely used as a preservative in food products. The inhibition kinetics of yeast growth by potassium sorbate was determined in order to predict the inhibition mechanism and develop an antimicrobial activity model. Linear regression resulted in uncompetitive growth inhibition using different concentrations of nutrients in liquid media containing yeast extract, malt extract (YM broth) and potassium sorbate. At 30°C, constant Ks of YM broth to yeast was 0.254%, maximum growth rate (μmax) of yeast was 0.008 min-1, and inhibition constant (Ki) of potassium sorbate to yeast growth was 0.324%. This statistical method could reliably determine the growth inhibition mechanism and kinetics.
Abstract 2378: Detection of circulating tumors cells (CTCs) in mice, using cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and a novel cell surface marker, AnnexinA2

Detecting CTCs in plasma of patients with solid tumors has developed as a novel method for early detection of metastatic growths (Mets) and relapse of epithelial cancers. The current studies were undertaken to further improve sensitivity/specificity of CTC assays, based on recent developments. Accumulating evidence from many laboratories demonstrates that annexinA2 is increasingly translocated to cell-surface of tumor cells (labeled as CS-ANXA2), and is required for metastasis of cancer cells. We discovered that metastatic transformation of cells was associated with a significant increase in % CSCs co-expressing CS-ANXA2. We hypothesized that Circulating-CSCs (labeled as CTSCs) will likely be positive for CSC-Markers and CS-ANXA2, providing a more robust assay for identifying metastatic-CTCs or CTSCs, which may have the highest potential for seeding Mets; this novel possibility was examined in mice. Athymic nude mice were inoculated with either heat inactivated colon-cancer cells (HCT-116) (control, Gp1), or healthy sterile cells:- which were inoculated either subdermally (to grow primary xenografts) (Gp2) or intraspleenically (to grow liver/lung Mets) (Gp3). Mice were euthanized, when distinct sub-dermal tumors were present in Gp2 mice (wk3, post-inoculation) and blood plasma processed for depletion of WBC. Un-depleted samples had ∼ 109 RBC+WBC cells in all mice. Gp1 mice were negative for CTSCs or CTCs positive for CS-ANXA2. Gp2 mice had ∼40, 100 and 200 epithelial cells/ml blood, positive for CSC-Markers: DCAMKL-1, LGR5 and CD44, respectively, suggesting that DCAMKL-1 may be the most selective marker for CTSCs. Gp3 mice had significantly higher numbers of CTSCs/ml blood, in the order of CD44 (∼220), LGR5 (∼160) and DCAMKL-1 (∼60). CTCs, positive for CS-ANXA2, increased from 120 to 200/ml blood in Gp2 versus Gp3 mice, respectively, suggesting that high numbers of CTCs positive for CS-ANXA2 may be an independent selective marker for metastatic disease. Importantly, CTSCs in Gp3 mice, positive for either CD44 or DCAMKL-1 were also positive for CS-ANXA2. Therefore presence of circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs) (positive for DCAMKL-1/CD44), co-expressing CS-ANXA2, may provide the most accurate approach for predicting presence of Mets or relapse of the cancer disease. Our studies so far, using fresh plasma samples from patients with colorectal growths (adenomas, adenocarcinomas ± Mets), supports this novel hypothesis. This work was supported by NIH grants CA97959 and CA114264 to PS; NASA NNX09AM08G and NNJ04HD83G to RU. CK and SS were equal contributors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2378. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2378
Polymorphism and polyploidy in the rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi: Relative nuclear DNA contents in tissues of saccate and campanulate females

The relative DNA content of nuclei from saccate and campanulate females of A. sieboldi was measured cytophotometrically. Mitotic figures from embryonic tissues of both morphotypes had similar DNA contents, indicating that both are diploid. Adult tissues were mixoploid with nuclear DNA levels characteristic of replications of the entire genome. The yolk gland nuclei showed the highest levels of ploidy (36- to 300-ploid), with the greater values being restricted to the terminal regions. The gastric gland nuclei showed intermediate levels (2- to 50-ploid). Oocytes were diploid and arrested in G2.
New instrumentation drives discovery of the earth's deep interior

Since the observations of the first instrumentally recorded earthquake in the late 1800s, the discovery and documentation of the mysteries of the earth's deep interior and earthquake rupture processes have proceeded hand-in-hand with improvements in instrumentation and data exchange. The pioneering discovers in the first half-century of instrumental seismology were those scientists fortunate enough to have a seismograph at their institute. The excitement of observing a distant earthquake as its energy was recorded was a powerful catalyst for curiosity-driven studies of the deep earth. The results were dramatic. Within about a decade of recording the first seismogram, the gross internal structure of the earth (crust, mantle, core) was established and geoscientists began to ponder the evolution of the earth from the perspective of these new discoveries. Forty years ago, the Cold War and the need to discriminate underground nuclear explosions from the background of natural earthquakes spawned the second revo...
Amending greenroof soil with biochar to affect runoff water quantity and quality.

Numbers of greenroofs in urban areas continue to grow internationally; so designing greenroof soil to reduce the amount of nutrients in the stormwater runoff from these roofs is becoming essential. This study evaluated changes in extensive greenroof water discharge quality and quantity after adding biochar, a soil amendment promoted for its ability to retain nutrients in soils and increase soil fertility. Prototype greenroof trays with and without biochar were planted with sedum or ryegrass, with barren soil trays used as controls. The greenroof trays were subjected to two sequential 7.4 cm/h rainfall events using a rain simulator. Runoff from the rain events was collected and evaluated. Trays containing 7% biochar showed increased water retention and significant decreases in discharge of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, phosphate, and organic carbon. The addition of biochar to greenroof soil improves both runoff water quality and retention.
Optimal mixture designs for four components in two orthogonal blocks

Abstract A D-optimal mixture design for four flours mixed into doughs in various proportions is given in Draper et al. (Technometrics 35(3) (1993) 268–276). The design consists of 18 runs in two orthogonal blocks of 9 runs each. In this paper, we present another design which is A-optimal and different from the D-optimal design. Then we compare the A-optimal design with the D-optimal design using two other criteria. It is shown that the A-optimal design performs better than the D-optimal design in the sense of having the smaller (1) maximum characteristic root for the variance-covariance matrix of the estimators of parameters and (2) maximum value for the variance of the predicted response.
Thermally activated flow parameters in the deformation of MgO single crystals

Strain-rate cycling methods have been used to determine the thermally activated flow parameters in the compressive deformation of MgO single crystals. Activation volumes of the order of 100b3 have been measured for deformation below room temperature, indicating dislocation-point defect interactions as the rate controlling mechanism for hardening at these temperatures, whileV* values of the order of 1000b3 have been measured at and above room temperature. This, together with the fact that the effective stress remains constant with strain at these temperatures identifies the interaction of dislocations with dislocation dipoles as the rate controlling mechanism in this temperature range. The Gibbs free energy for deformation,ΔG, equals the activation enthalpy,ΔH, at low temperatures and the deviation ofΔG fromΔH above room temperature may be attributed to entropy effects.
A Propensity Score Approach towards Assessing Neighborhood Risk of Parole Revocation

Previous research pertaining to parole has primarily concentrated on individual level characteristics as predictors of parole success, holding offender residency as a constant. Recently, there has been a growing realization that we need to understand how neighborhood contexts impact successful reintegration. It is difficult to evaluate the increased risk associated with neighborhood characteristics on parole revocation because residency after prison is not randomly assigned. Consequently, methodological adaptations must be made to account for selection into disadvantaged neighborhoods. To reduce overt bias, we used two propensity score strategies, matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting, to determine the impact of parolee residence on parole outcome. Our analytic strategies indicated a weaker effect for neighborhood context when compared to traditional models. In essence, we found that both techniques were effective at decreasing the threat to internal validity allowing for greater confidence in reporting an average treatment effect. The implications of our findings are discussed as well as the utility of these analyses in criminal justice research.
Modified distributed energy-efficient cluster for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

A wireless sensor network consists of inexpensive power constrained sensors which collect data from the environment and transmit them towards the base station in a cooperative way. Reducing the energy and extending the wireless sensor networks lifetime, imposes a great confront. In this paper, the distributed Energy efficient clustering protocol was used to calculate the energy efficiency of the network. Existing DEEC was modified and developed a new protocol called MDEEC. MDEEC allows more number of data to be sent from the base station to the cluster head in a particular time interval. Compared to DEEC, MDEEC performs less delay for sending the data, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the heterogeneous network.
Case study of a young man with tremor.

Purpose To provide the clinician with an opportunity to review the most common causes of tremor in young adults. Data Sources Extensive review of international scientific literature on tremors and other movement disorders, supplemented by a recent case study. Conclusions Essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor disorder in the world. In contrast to common expectations, the 2nd decade of life represents a period of peak incidence. The early presentation may be so mild that the tremor goes unnoticed by patients and clinicians for many years. The most important movement disorder to rule out in the workup of patients with tremors is Parkinson's disease. Implications for Practice The diagnosis of ET is generally made on clinical grounds. A comprehensive history and careful physical examination that rules out cerebellar or extrapyramidal disease is required. The clinician must distinguish between resting tremors and action tremors. If the appropriate diagnosis is unclear, a tremor recording (elec-tromyogram) may assist in this distinction. Referral to a neurologist may be warranted.
Molecular Genetics of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium characterized by unexplained cardiac hypertrophy, a small left ventricle and increased left ventricular ejection fraction. HCM is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of HCM is approximately 1 :500 in the young, general population and likely higher in older individuals because of age-dependent penetrance.1 There have been remarkable advances in molecular genetic studies of HCM that have potential implications in understanding the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, risk stratifications and development of new therapies.
Increased sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 in old people

Prostaglandin E2 acts as a feedback inhibitor on the actions of many hormones and other stimuli. For example, mitogens will cause leukocytes to produce prostaglandin E2, and the prostaglandin E2 inhibits the proliferative response of the leukocytes to the mitogen. We have shown that lymphocytes from healthy subjects over age 70 are much more sensitive to inhibition by prostaglandin E2 than are lymphocytes from younger individuals. In this paper, I hypothesize that there is a generalized increase in sensitivity in all tissues in aging humans, and that this increased sensitivity accounts for many of the physiologic changes of aging.
Sol-Gel synthesis of microcrystalline rare earth orthophosphates

Studies of the reactions between rare earth salts and phosphoric acid in aqueous or ethanolic media have shown that in both cases stable gels can be formed. Upon drying, gels prepared in aqueous environments yield macrocrystalline REPO4 products similar to those produced by conventional precipitation and drying. Gels prepared in ethanol, on the other hand, undergo dehydration to form dense microcrystalline products. This observation is based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as on x-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy. These techniques, as well as differential thermal analysis, indicate that crystal growth of these products takes place around 600−700 °C. The composition of the dehydrated gels produced in both the aqueous and ethanolic systems corresponds to an orthophosphate structure. Other characteristics of the microcrystalline REPO4 products include high resistance to attack by water, absence of coloration upon exposure to gamma rays, and a high index of refraction.
Commentary: Looking Back and Moving Forward.

The articles in this special issue make clear that our field is characterized by a breadth and depth of knowledge unimaginable 200 years ago, even to someone as exceptional as Elizabeth Peabody. Th...
Breast cytology and biomarkers obtained by random fine needle aspiration: Use in risk assessment and early chemoprevention trials

In a prospective pilot study, we performed breast fine needle aspirations (FNAs) on 224 high-risk and 30 low-risk women and analyzed these aspirates for cytologic changes and biomarker abnormalities of aneuploidy and overexpressed estrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53 and HER-2/neu. High-risk women had a first-degree relative with breast cancer (74%), prior biopsy indicating premalignant breast disease (25%), a history of breast cancer (13%), or some multiple of these risk factors (12%). Median ages of the high- and low-risk groups were 44 and 42, respectively. Seventy percent of high-risk and 17% of low-risk women had cytologic evidence of hyperplasia with or without atypia (P<. 0001). Aneuploidy and overexpression of EGFR and p53 occurred in 27, 37, and 29% of high-risk subjects but only 0, 3, and 3% of low-risk subjects (P<. 0023). Overexpression of ER and HER-2/neu occurred in 7 and 20% of high-risk women but in none of the low-risk subjects. Biomarker abnormalities were more frequent with increasing cytologic abnormality. Restricting the analysis to those 3 biomarkers most frequently overexpressed in the high-risk group (ploidy, EGFR, p53), 13% of high-risk women with normal cytology, 19% of high-risk women with epithelial hyperplasia, and 49% of high-risk women with hyperplasia with atypia had abnormalities of 2 or more of these 3 biomarkers (P =. 00004). At a median follow-up of 32 months, four women have been diagnosed with invasive cancer and two with ductal carcinomain situ (DCIS). Later detection of these neoplastic conditions was associated (P ≤. 016) by univariate analysis with prior FNA evidence of hyperplasia with atypia; overexpression of p53 and EGFR; the modified Gail risk of breast cancer development at 10 years; and multiple biomarker abnormalities. By multivariate analysis, later detection of cancer was primarily predicted by the number of biomarker abnormalities in the 3-test battery (P=. 0005) and secondarily by the Gail risk at 10 years (P =. 0049). In turn, hyperplasia with atypia was associated with multiple biomarker abnormalities, particularly p53 and EGFR overexpression. Thus, hyperplasia with atypia and cytologic markers in breast FNAs have promise as risk predictors and as surrogate endpoint biomarkers for breast cancer chemoprevention trials. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 28/29:101–110. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of the σF-Directed csfB Locus Prevents Premature Appearance of σG Activity during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT During sporulation, σG becomes active in the prespore upon the completion of engulfment. We show that the inactivation of the σF-directed csfB locus resulted in premature activation of σG. CsfB exerted control distinct from but overlapping with that exerted by LonA to prevent inappropriate σG activation. The artificial induction of csfB severely compromised spore formation.