cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STATUS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF OSPREYS ALONG THE EASTERN COAST OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1992–1997

From 1992 to 1997, I monitored population size and productivity of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along 80 km of coast on the eastern side of the Gulf of California, Mexico. During the study period, the number of nesting pairs increased by an estimated 5–14%. The percentage of successful pairs varied significantly among years, ranging from 5–50%. In three of the six years, the productivity of breeding pairs exceeded the estimated level necessary to maintain Osprey population size in at least parts of the species' range. However, three of the last four years were characterized by low reproductive success and by a higher proportion of late clutches. In 1997, the most unproductive of the six years, 38 of 40 (95%) nesting pairs failed to produce any fledgling. That same year, however, the observed productivity of 10 pairs on two nearby islands was 15 times higher than on the mainland. In 1994, 1995, and 1996, successful pairs were significantly clumped, indicating that in the study area, nesting success was strongly influenced by local factors. The results of this study warrant further research to identify the source(s) of annual and spatial differences in nesting success.
Anterior regeneration in the spionid polychaetes Dipolydora quadrilobata and Pygospio elegans

Like many other benthic infaunal invertebrates, spionid polychaetes often lose portions of their bodies to predators, which affects their activities. Feeding palp loss and tail loss have been studied in several spionids, but the capacity for anterior tissue regeneration has not been compared in different species. The present study examines anterior tissue regeneration in two species, Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi 1883) and Pygospio elegans Claparede 1863, in two laboratory experiments. Tissue removal treatments included removal of palps only, removal of anterior tissue through the first setiger, anterior tissue through the fifth setiger, all anterior tissue through half of the gill-bearing setigers, and all anterior tissue through the last gill-bearing setiger. Regeneration was monitored by capturing images of the worms and digitizing the area of regenerated anterior tissue or counting the number of segments that grew over time. Worms of both species regenerated anterior tissue regardless of the amount removed. Morphogenesis during regeneration followed a similar pattern in these two species regardless of the amount of anterior tissue lost, progressing from wound healing to formation of a recognizable prostomium and peristomium (“head”) by 6 days post-ablation. Palp and setal growth, addition of segments, and formation of nuchal organs and the ciliated food groove followed so that worms appeared to have re-grown “normal,” but smaller, “heads” and palps by 9–12 days following ablation. Over the course of 16 days, worms that lost more segments regenerated less tissue relative to their initial intact size and did so more slowly. There was no significant palp growth during the first 3 days following ablation. Rate of segment addition was directly related to the degree of tissue loss in D. quadrilobata. P. elegans added segments at similar rates whether 50 or 70% of the original segments was removed.
Active asthma and the prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD

Introduction Despite the considerable overlap of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the extent to which the two diagnoses are the manifestations of the same disease remains unresolved. We conducted these analyses to evaluate the role of active asthma in the prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD.
Attack and defense in laboratory and wild Norway and black rats

Intra- and interspecific agonistic encounters in Long-Evans and field-trapped Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus showed a consistency in the form and character of attack and defensive behaviors. Colony alpha males exhibited high levels of lateral attack, on-top, and chasing behaviors which resulted in a high percentage of bites on the intruder's back. Bites directed to the back were countered by intruders through the utilization of boxing, on-back, and flight defense. These findings indicate that agonistic interactions in Rattus are underlined by back-attack and back-defense strategies. A sex difference in biting was also consistent across strains: males bit the back and flanks and females the head of an anesthetized stranger which suggest differences in the motivation of male and female attack.
Economics of cryocables

This paper examines the technical and economic feasibilities of: (1) using cryogenic hydrogen to cool a.c. cryoresistive or a.c. superconducting power transmission cables and, (2) delivering liquid hydrogen concurrently with cryoresistive or superconducting electrical power through a common cable. Cryogenic hydrogen coolant options considered are subcooled liquid and slush. Cryogenic nitrogen and helium coolants are also considered for cryoresistive and superconducting cables, respectively, to provide reference data for comparison with our H2-coolant calculations. Thermodynamic analyses are performed to optimize the coolant flow rate and refrigerator spacing for each specific coolant, coolant fluid state, cable design, cable insulation quality and energy delivery option. The use of hydrogen as a coolant in electrical cables is discussed from a safety viewpoint. Helium-cooled and hydrogen-cooled superconducting power transmission lines are shown to be economically competitive and offer lower unit·transmission costs than conventional underground power lines. The hybrid hydrogen-superconducting cable concurrently transmits liquid hydrogen and electricity at the lowest unit cost of all cryocable energy systems examined. Hydrogen-cooled power lines and hybrid hydrogenelectric energy cables appear to be technically and economically feasible; however, they do not currently provide sufficient economic incentive to warrant the increased hazard of operation.
Handel's borrowings and the disputed Gloria

This article re-examines the case, first made by Hans Joachim Marx, for attributing the Gloria, HWV deest, to Handel by focusing on passages it shares with known works by the composer. In his rebuttal of Marx's case, Anthony Hicks concluded that such 'borrowings' proves only that Handel knew the Gloria, but this assumes that Handel's works were written after the Gloria, which was not the case. Beginning with a look at material shared by the Gloria and Handel's Laudate pueri, HWV236, I continue with an examination of this same material in two further works by Handel, his Laudate pueri, HWV237, and Zadok the Priest, HWV258. Based on the chronology of these works and on the material they share, it is likely that Handel did compose the Gloria. However, a larger question looms concerning passages that might be attributed to an individual composer as opposed to anyone working in the same time and place. This article therefore seeks to isolate the individual from the common-coin in late 17th- and early 18th-century Italian style as a means, not only of resolving the authorship of the Gloria, but also of substantiating our sense of what constitutes a musical borrowing.
Simulation of multi-echelon macro-inventory policies

Alternative repair part inventory policies are examined for a multi-echelon logistics system. The policies assessed pertain to the design of multi-echelon systems rather than the evaluation of stock level decisions for individual repair parts. Although the context is one of a military inventory system, the policies examined are of importance in nonmilitary systems where item failure rates are low, and only periodic access to resupply is possible.
The molecular biology of Euglena gracilis. II. Utilization of labeled carbon, sulfur and phosphorus

Abstract The utilization of 14C, 35S and 32P from unique sources in the culture medium of Euglena gracilis has been studied. Results obtained from exponentially growing and starved cells has led to a general model describing the kinetic flow of these elements in cellular metabolism.
Dissimilar Effects of Ultraviolet Light on HLA-D and HLA-DR Antigens

Since HLA-DR antigens are closely related to HLA-D antigens, we studied the effect of low-dose ultraviolet irradiation on the ability of human lymphocytes to induce a proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture (HLA-D) and on the serologic reactivity of B lymphocyte HLA-DR antigens. We found (1) no alteration in the serologic definition of DR antigens despite the abrogation of the induction of proliferative responses in mixed lymphocyte culture, (2) no evidence that ultraviolet light (UVL) stimulated suppressor cells contributed to the loss of allostimulation, and (3) no evidence that the abrogation of the induction of proliferative responses could be modified by increasing the number of UVL exposed lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. These findings suggest that HLA-D and HLA-DR antigens are different molecularly, but are also consistent with the concept that certain active metabolic processes are required of stimulator cells for allostimulation and that these processes are UVL sensitive.
Inhibition by somatostatin of the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and Molt-4 lymphoblasts

Abstract The proliferation of Molt-4 lymphoblasts and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human T lymphocytes in vitro was inhibited significantly by 10 −12 to 10 −10 M and 10 −13 to 10 −9 M somatostatin 14 , as assessed by the uptake of [ 3 H]thymidine and [ 3 H]leucine, respectively. The inhibitory effect of somatostatin 14 was not attributable to cytotoxicity and was associated with a mean degradation of 52 and over 95% of immunoreactive somatostatin, respectively, after 3 and 24 hr of incubation at 37 °C. The specific suppression of Molt-4 lymphoblasts and T lymphocytes by somatostatin represents a distinct mechanism for the specific regulation of immunological responses by neuropeptides of the peripheral nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Metal-oxide Ultraviolet Narrow-band-pass Filter at 214 nm

We demonstrate a metal-oxide based narrow-band-pass filter at 214 nm deposited with reactive magnetron sputtering with a peak transmission of 48%, a bandwidth of 4.8 nm and an average blocking of OD4 from 220 nm to 750 nm.
Soybean response to nodulation by rhizobitoxine-producing bradyrhizobia as influenced by nitrate application

Foliar chlorosis of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) resulting from nodulation by rhizobitoxine-producing (RT+) strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum is commonly less severe in the field than under greenhouse conditions. Differences in nutritional conditions between the field and greenhouse may contribute to this phenomenon. In particular, field-grown plants obtain some N from soil sources, whereas in the greenhouse soybean is often grown in low-N rooting media to emphasize symbiotic responses. Therefore, we examined the effect of NO3- on the expression of RT-induced symptoms. Soybean plants inoculated with RT+ bradyrhizobia were grown for 42 days in horticultural vermiculite receiving nutrient solution amended with 0.0, 2.5, or 7.5 mM KNO3. Foliar chlorosis decreased with increasing NO3- application whereas nodule mass per plant was generally increased by NO3- application. Total amounts of nodular RT remained constant or increased with NO3- application, but nodular concentrations of RT decreased. Chlorosis severity was negatively correlated with shoot dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and total shoot N content. It was concluded that application of NO3- can reduce the negative effects of RT production on the host plant. This suggests that any NO3- present in field soils may serve to limit chlorosis development in soybeans.
The influence of homogenization on the calculation of the sensitivity volume of a BWR incore detector

Abstract By performing two-group, X - Y , S 4 transport theory calculations with the albedo boundary condition, the effect of heterogeneities on the BWR incore detector sensitivity volume has been investigated. The albedo distribution along the boundary of the control volume is obtained using a two-group, homogeneous, X - Y diffusion model. Different degrees of homogenization have been examined. Investigation shows that a cell-homogeneous model, with separated bypass region and inner water gap, is a viable alternative to the heterogeneous approach. This finding contradicts earlier predictions of a need for a heterogeneous model.
Atomic Eigenfunctions and Energies

In \textsection{}1, the calculation of the nondiagonal elements of electrostatic interaction is sketched. In \textsection{}2, attention is called to the fact that the matrix elements of ${L}_{x}$ (the $x$-component of orbital angular momentum), as calculated between spherical harmonic eigenfunctions taken with positive phase, are negative when ${m}_{l}$ is + and positive when ${m}_{l}$ is ---. The calculation of eigenfunctions in $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling has always been done using only positive matrix elements of ${L}_{x}$. This amounts effectively to using a zero-order scheme in which one takes spherical harmonic eigenfunctions with negative phase for positive odd values of ${m}_{l}$, and positive phase for all other values. In \textsection{}3 the calculation of first order energies for configurations which give more than one multiplet of a kind is considered, and explicit formulas given for the electrostatic energies and magnetic splitting of the two $^{2}D'\mathrm{s}$ of ${d}^{3}$. The results are shown to compare satisfactorily with the observed data. The second $^{2}D$ is predicted in general to be extremely high and inverted.
Topology‐based modeling of intrinsically disordered proteins: Balancing intrinsic folding and intermolecular interactions

Coupled binding and folding is frequently involved in specific recognition of so-called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), a newly recognized class of proteins that rely on a lack of stable tertiary fold for function. Here, we exploit topology-based Gō-like modeling as an effective tool for the mechanism of IDP recognition within the theoretical framework of minimally frustrated energy landscape. Importantly, substantial differences exist between IDPs and globular proteins in both amino acid sequence and binding interface characteristics. We demonstrate that established Gō-like models designed for folded proteins tend to over-estimate the level of residual structures in unbound IDPs, whereas under-estimating the strength of intermolecular interactions. Such systematic biases have important consequences in the predicted mechanism of interaction. A strategy is proposed to recalibrate topology-derived models to balance intrinsic folding propensities and intermolecular interactions, based on experimental knowledge of the overall residual structure level and binding affinity. Applied to pKID/KIX, the calibrated Gō-like model predicts a dominant multistep sequential pathway for binding-induced folding of pKID that is initiated by KIX binding via the C-terminus in disordered conformations, followed by binding and folding of the rest of C-terminal helix and finally the N-terminal helix. This novel mechanism is consistent with key observations derived from a recent NMR titration and relaxation dispersion study and provides a molecular-level interpretation of kinetic rates derived from dispersion curve analysis. These case studies provide important insight into the applicability and potential pitfalls of topology-based modeling for studying IDP folding and interaction in general.
The requirements and design principles for large-scale collaborations and decision-making on the web

In order to allow for collaboration on a large scale that the internet can make possible, forum-like software need to have new tools, new policies and a fresh design. This paper presents the web collaboration project, a web-based software system that is built to allow a large number of people to collectively work together and arrive at intelligent decisions using scales that are currently not possible. This project allows numerous users to discuss topics and make decisions while keeping the signal-to-noise ratio low and resisting attacks from spammers. The main objective is that this project can tap into the vast amount of intelligence that is available on the internet, supporting a variety of worthwhile online endeavours that are taken up by large groups of collaborating people.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in bone and soft‐tissue sarcoma patients undergoing surgical intervention: A report from prior to the initiation of SCIP measures

Background and Objectives This study reviews incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in bone/soft-tissue sarcoma patients prior to the initiation of Surgical Care Improvement Program (SCIP) measures in October 2009. Methods A retrospective chart review identified 171 cases of bone (51) and soft-tissue (120) sarcoma. Data were extracted on demographics, histology, presence of metastasis at presentation, type of adjuvant therapy, and established risk factors for VTE. Risk factors and outcomes were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression with the Fisher exact test. Results The rate of clinically diagnosed VTE was 4.1% (7/171). Only those patients undergoing chemotherapy were found to have a significantly increased risk of VTE (P = 0.04). Chemical prophylaxis showed a trend toward reduction in the risk of VTE (2.4% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.13). The number of individual patient prothrombotic risk factors showed a trend towards increased risk of VTE (P = 0.12). Conclusions The current rate of 4.1% is at the lower end of the range of reported incidence for musculoskeletal oncology patients. Furthermore, VTE did not occur only in patients with hip/thigh sarcomas, as previously reported by some. The trend for reduced incidence with chemoprophylaxis favors prophylactic measures but requires further substantiation in larger studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:643–647. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Forest Restoration and Forest Communities: Have Local Communities Benefited from Forest Service Contracting of Ecosystem Management?

Conservation-based development programs have sought to create economic opportunities for people negatively impacted by biological diversity protection. The USDA Forest Service, for example, developed policies and programs to create contracting opportunities for local communities to restore public lands to replace jobs lost from reduced timber harvest. This article examines 12 years of Forest Service land management contracting in western Oregon, Washington, and northern California to evaluate if contractors located in communities near national forests have been awarded more land management contracts and contract value over time. We find that land management contracting spending has declined dramatically and, once we control for intervening factors, we find that local contractors have received a smaller proportion of land management contracts over time.
MODULATION OF P2X7 NUCLEOTIDE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION BY PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STIMULI IN THP-1 MONOCYTES

Regulation of P2X7 receptor expression is of interest because activation of this receptor by extracellular ATP triggers maturation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in monocytes and macrophages. We report that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synergistically induce P2X7R mRNA and functional responses in the human THP-1 monocytic cell line. Induction was dose dependent, with maximal functional activity requiring 1000 units/mL IFN-gamma and 10 ng/mL TNF-alpha and incubations of 36-72 h. The up-regulation of P2X7R function by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma was markedly attenuated by coincubation with prostaglandin E2 or the cell permeant cyclic AMP analog dibutryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP). Bt2cAMP did not significantly alter P2X7 function in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the human P2X7 cDNA, indicating that Bt2cAMP does not exert a generalized effect on P2X7R synthesis or downstream signal transduction. These studies demonstrate that elevated cAMP negatively modulates P2X7R expression.
Alterations in hyaluronidase activity and serum protein electrophoretic patterns after chronic heat stress

The effects of a hot environment upon plasma proteins and dermal hyaluronidase spreading activity was studied in rats. Hyaluronidase activity decreased after 1 day of heat, increased after 4 and 16 days, and again decreased after 48 days. Swimming for 1.5 hr. after each period of heat stress resulted in inhibition of hyaluronidase spreading activity with the exception of the 48-day period when activity increased. Swimming caused adrenal gland hypertrophy in unstressed but not in heat stressed rats. The relative concentration of plasma albumin increased during heat stress.
The control and containment forces on the swash plate of an axial piston pump utilizing a secondary swash-plate angle

In this paper, the control and containment forces acting on the swash plate of an axial-piston pump are examined. The most novel aspect of this research is that it includes the analysis of a secondary swash-plate angle that is occasionally used in aerospace pump applications. From a practical standpoint, swash plate control and containment devices take on many different designs; however, they must all resist the same essential moments and forces that attempt to dislocate the swash plate from its proper position. By considering the basic machine design, this work generally derives the needed forces and moments for insuring proper swash plate motion and thereby gives the designer of these machines a useful tool for designing control and containment devices of any type. In this research, it is shown that the secondary swash-plate angle has a significant impact on the problem of swash-plate control and containment.
Economical system for the identification of non-fermentative gram-negative rods

A system for the identification of non-fermentative gram-negative rods from clinical specimens is proposed. It uses blood agar and MacConkey agar for their isolation, and divides them into oxidase-positive and oxidase-negative groups. A few sensitivity tests and a maximum of eight media are used for the diagnosis which can be obtained within 24–48 hours.
Incorrect use of metered dose inhalers by medical personnel

We administered a questionnaire and observed usage of a placebo metered dose inhaler (MDI) among 35 physicians, 14 nurses, and 12 respiratory therapists. Ninety-two percent of the respiratory therapists performed at least four of seven steps correctly, compared with 65 percent of house staff physicians, 57 percent of nurses, and 50 percent of nonpulmonary faculty. Most participants followed package insert instructions, while only 18 percent followed recent recommendations for proper MDI use. We conclude that (1) medical personnel should have additional instruction in proper MDI usage and (2) respiratory therapists and nurses can play a prominent role in instructing patients in their proper use.
L'utilisation de la PCR en temps réel pour l'identification bactérienne rapide des ostéomyélites à cultures négatives

Resume Nous rapportons le cas d'une osteomyelite a culture negative ou notre nouvelle methode de PCR en temps reel a pu differencier un Staphylococcus aureus d'un Staphylococcus epidermidis . C'est la premiere application publiee de cette methode sur un prelevement de chirurgie orthopedique. Cette methode pourrait etre utilisee dans d'autres infections a cultures negatives, en association avec des tests plus larges, comme une technique d'identification rapide des micro-organismes.
Review of Cheryl A. Kirk-­‐Duggan and Tina Pippin, eds., Mother Goose, Mother Jones, Mommie Dearest: Biblical Mothers and Their Children. Semeia Studies 61. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009.

Richard Walsh reviews Cheryl A. Kirk-­‐Duggan and Tina Pippin, eds., Mother Goose, Mother Jones, Mommie Dearest: Biblical Mothers and Their Children . Semeia Studies 61. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009.
The Central Role of Discourse in Large-Scale Change: A Social Construction Perspective:

This article reconceptualizes the change process from a rational planning perspective to an interpretive perspective emphasizing the social construction of meaning. Discourse is viewed as the core of the change process through which our basic assumptions about organizing are created, sustained, and transformed. To illustrate the dynamics of meaning systems, examples are provided of organizations shifting from mechanistic assumptions to become more adaptive, responsive, quality-oriented organizations. Implications for researchers and managers are included.
Synthesis of Nanoporous Rutile Nanocrystals under Mild Conditions

Single-crystalline rutile with porous and complex structure can be produced by tuning reaction conditions so as to maintain low titania solubility. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy results are consistent with the hypothesis that oriented aggregation of anatase crystals precedes rutile nucleation and growth from anatase nanocrystal interfaces. The product rutile retains morphological and microstructure features consistent with an aggregation-based phase transformation because coarsening, or monomer-by-monomer growth, is suppressed under these conditions of low titania solubility.
Considerations in the Elderly

The care of elderly patients with colorectal problems introduces significant complexity even to basic management. Preoperative assessment of this patient is essential to optimizing treatment, and you should consider their physiologic, not chronologic age. Identification of risk factors should guide surgical planning. Issues related to postoperative function and surgical technique are often different in the elderly compared to younger patients. Other matters regarding informed consent are also often complex and must take into consideration patient competence and family issues. Screening recommendations for modalities such as colonoscopy may apply differently to the elderly patient and current guidelines provide a rationale for appropriate selection. Optimizing surgical outcomes in the elderly patient requires a holistic, judicious, and compassionate approach.
Functional analysis of FHA and BRCT domains of NBS1 in chromatin association and DNA damage responses

Rad50/Mre11/NBS1 (R/M/N) is a multi-functional protein complex involved in DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, DNA replication and replication block-induced responses. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces the phosphorylation of NBS1 and nuclear foci formation of the complex. Although it has been suggested that the R/M/N complex is associated with DNA damage sites, we present here biochemical evidence for chromatin association of the complex. We show that the chromatin association of R/M/N is independent of IR and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). We also demonstrate that optimal chromatin association of the Rad50/Mre11/NBS1 proteins requires both the conserved forkhead-associated (FHA) and breast cancer C-terminus (BRCT) domains of NBS1. Moreover, both these domains of NBS1 are required for its phosphorylation on Ser343 but not on Ser278. Importantly, both the FHA and BRCT domains are essential for IR-induced foci (IRIF) formation of R/M/N and S phase checkpoint activation, but only the BRCT domain is needed for cell survival after IR. These data demonstrate that the FHA and BRCT domains of NBS1 are crucial for the functions of the R/M/N complex.
Glass-Sealed Leads on Electric Components

Industry specialists do most of the fabrication of glass-sealed headers for suppliers of hermetic electronic components. Too often, these specialists are not acquainted with the effect that header processing can have on component fabrication, assembly or use. Almost as frequently, the component maker is unable to relate his own processing difficulties to problems introduced during the previous handling of subassemblies. This paper presents an analysis of the effect that the oxidation of leads prior to glass sealing has on component assembly and use. Metallographic techniques are useful for the control of affected component parts. Some examples of the use of metallography for the evaluation of glass-metal seals are shown.
Edge Effects in the Directionally Biased Distribution of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple Orchards

Edge effect tests have been used in a number of studies on obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to test for evidence of mated female immigration into pheromone-treated orchards. This type of test compares obliquebanded leafroller presence or activity around the perimeter of an orchard against presence or activity in the interior. Higher numbers detected around the edges of an orchard would indicate higher levels of flight activity at the edge, a pattern that could be generated by high levels of immigration. Recent work has shown that the spatial distribution of recaptured obliquebanded leafroller adults released from a single location can be directionally biased, which could obscure the ability to detect an edge effect. To test this theory, data from an orchard study conducted in 1991 that found no significant edge effect was reanalyzed. When we accounted for the directional bias in the distribution of first-generation mated female moths, we found an edge effect with significantly more mated females captured in the edge traps than in the center or mid-interior traps. No edge effect was found when the directional bias was ignored. In addition, second-generation males and mated females both showed a significant edge effect that had not been detected in the original analysis, which had combined both first- and second-generation data.
Entropy of complex relevant components of Boolean networks

Boolean network models of strongly connected modules are capable of capturing the high regulatory complexity of many biological gene regulatory circuits. We study numerically the previously introduced basin entropy, a parameter for the dynamical uncertainty or information storage capacity of a network as well as the average transient time in random relevant components as a function of their connectivity. We also demonstrate that basin entropy can be estimated from time-series data and is therefore also applicable to nondeterministic networks models.
Guaranties in Secured Transactions

Guaranties are used in a variety of ways to create added value in secured transactions. This paper analyzes the law of guaranties in asset-based financing under the Uniform Commercial Code.
3D Face Tracking and Multi-Scale, Spatio-temporal Analysis of Linguistically Significant Facial Expressions and Head Positions in ASL

Essential grammatical information is conveyed in signed languages by clusters of events involving facial expressions and movements of the head and upper body. This poses a significant challenge for computer-based sign language recognition. Here, we present new methods for the recognition of nonmanual grammatical markers in American Sign Language (ASL) based on: (1) new 3D tracking methods for the estimation of 3D head pose and facial expressions to determine the relevant low-level features; (2) methods for higher-level analysis of component events (raised/lowered eyebrows, periodic head nods and head shakes) used in grammatical markings―with differentiation of temporal phases (onset, core, offset, where appropriate), analysis of their characteristic properties, and extraction of corresponding features; (3) a 2-level learning framework to combine low- and high-level features of differing spatio-temporal scales. This new approach achieves significantly better tracking and recognition results than our previous methods.
Hardware Enforced Statistical Privacy

The Internet of Things will result in users generating vast quantities of data, some of it sensitive. Results from the statistical analysis of sensitive data across wide ranges of demographics will become ever more useful to data analysts and their clients. The competing needs of the two groups—data generators with their desire for privacy and analysts with their desire for inferred statistics—will be met through the use of statistical privacy techniques. The question, then, is how can we ensure that the statistical methods are applied in a trustable manner? In this paper we discuss some of the complications and consequences of ensuring both trust and privacy through the immutability of hardware, providing a desiderata for a hardware privacy platform.
Atrial natriuretic peptide, oestradiol and progesterone in women undergoing spontaneous and gonadotrophin-stimulated ovulatory cycles

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone on the one hand and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations on the other, during the follicular and luteal phases of spontaneous and gonadotrophin-stimulated ovulatory menstrual cycles. A total of 27 ovulatory women undergoing either a spontaneous (n = 9) or a gonadotrophin-stimulated (n = 18) cycle were selected for inclusion in this study. In comparison with spontaneous cycles, gonadotrophin-stimulated cycles had increased peak follicular oestradiol (mean +/- SE; 937 +/- 150 versus 195 +/- 18 pg/ml; P < 0.05) and midluteal progesterone (mean +/- SE; 44.0 +/- 7.4 versus 14.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml; P < 0.05) concentrations. There were no differences in the circulating ANP concentrations between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Despite the increased oestradiol and progesterone concentrations following gonadotrophin stimulation, no difference in ANP concentrations was seen between stimulated and spontaneous cycles. There was no correlation between circulating concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone (at physiological and supraphysiological concentrations) and ANP throughout the menstrual cycle.
Abstract 1720: Activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mutant promotes tumor growthin vivoby enhancing angiogenesis

PPARγ, originally cloned as a transcription factor involved in fat cell differentiation, is activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids produced by sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acids synthase (FASN) pathways and synthetic ligands including the thiazolidinediones (TZD). PPARγ is expressed in a variety of cancer cells. Independent lines of evidence support a role for PPARγ to either inhibit or promote tumorigenesis. Human breast cancer is associated with ErbB2 amplification or overexpression in >30% of patients. Although PPARγ is reduced in ErbB2 induced tumor, the role of PPARγ in growth control of ErbB2-induced tumorigenesis is poorly understood. The addition of ligand activates the receptor by inducing a conformational change in the receptor, which can be recapitulated by mutation. To investigate the role of activated PPARγ signaling in breast cancer, we compared the function of a constitutively active PPARγ (PγCA) mutant with the wild-type PPARγ in ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. Tumor cells transduced with either PPARγ or PγCA were implanted into immune competent FVB mice. Enhanced tumor growth was observed in PγCA-transduced cells, which was associated with increased angiogenesis and endothelial stem cells as evidenced by increased number of cells stained with von Willebrand factor (vWF), c-Kit, CD133 and CD31. Genome-wide expression profiling identified a group of genes within the angiogenesis pathway, including Angptl4, as targets of activated PPARγ. PγCA also induced Angptl4 protein secretion in ErbB2-transformed mammary epithelial cells. Angptl4 promoted vascular endothelial cell migration and conversely immuno-depletion of Angptl4 reduced PγCA-mediated cellular migration. Collectively, these studies suggest that activated PPARγ induces Angptl4 to promote tumor growth through enhanced angiogenesis in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1720.
Toward a Methodology of Market Analysis

> Study of the methodology of market analysis is a necessary part of the development of a science of marketing. A case study in market analysis is presented to illustrate the actual problem-solving process, rather than just the rationalized reconstruction of the process often reported. The scarcity of detailed case histories of studies involving quantitative analysis of business decision problems has been recognized as a major detriment to the development of professional business researchers [2]. In market analysis, and indeed in all of marketing research, although many detailed reports of data collection and analysis are available, the need for studies which emphasize the methodological aspects of research is no less acute. If marketing analysis is to aspire to the role of an applied science, not only must a cadre of scientifically trained researchers be developed, but the methods utilized in the field must be subjected to constant analysis; for such are the requisites of science. To efficiently accomplish these objectives, the researcher's tendency of publishing reports of marketing research activities, which tend to be highly rationalized reconstructions of the actual problem-solving process, need be obviated. For while the a posteriori weaving of a thread of logic through the maze of false starts, blind alleys, and tenuous conclusions, which inevitably characterize research, may sometimes make the process appear to be scientific, the long-range development of the "science" is best encouraged by thorough analysis of the problemsolving tools, techniques and methods which the field employs. Medawar's [8] comment that the contemporary scientific paper, "is a fraud in that it does give a totally misleading narrative of the processes of thought that go into the making of scientific discoveries," and that the standard format of such papers, ". . . should be discarded," will be adopted here in the hope that the development of a marketing case study in narrative form will permit greater methodological analysis in market research. This "baring of the research's soul" through an enumeration of the inadequate assumptions, sometimes less-than-perceptive analysis, and nonpanacean results should be useful both to students whose textbook learning outweighs their practical experience, and to professional researchers who may be motivated to publish similar studies.
Interdiffusion and Reaction of Pd on Atomically Stepped 6H-SIC Surfaces: Progress Toward Thermally Stable High Temperature Gas Sensors

High temperature Pd-SiC Schottky diode gas sensors are known to thermally degrade due to interdiffusion and reaction at the metal-semiconductor interface. To understand and possibly eliminate this problem, detailed surface studies of thermally induced Pd-SiC surface interactions have been performed. These experiments compare standard 6H-SiC (0001) surfaces typical of those used in device fabrication with periodically stepped surfaces prepared by high temperature hydrogen etching. The Pd films range in thickness from the monolayer level (~0.4 nm) to actual device dimensions (~46.5 nm) and are deposited under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at ~50 °C. These films are characterized in-situ using Auger electron spectroscopy both before and after annealing at 670 °C. The Auger lineshapes provide quantitative information on the chemistry of the reaction products. Ex-situ atomic force microscopy is used to characterize changes in surface morphology.
Hallucinatory Side Effects of ADHD Drugs

Clinical trial and postmarketing surveillance data for drugs used in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed to determine the frequency of hallucinations and other psychotic side effects, in a study at the US Food and Drug Administration, and Department of Health and Human Services, Maryland.
Variations in physical appearance during adolescence. 1. Boys.

Variations in physical appearance and rate of maturation can cause a great deal of anxiety and unhappiness in the adolescent who perceives his development as being different from that of others his own age. The physician should be prepared to reassure these adolescents that such variations are only temporary.Part 1 of this article appeared last month and discussed the developmental variations that are most disturbing to boys.
Alteration of benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct formation by rats exposed to simple mixtures.

Testing the potential toxicity of mixtures is a difficult task compounded by the fact that very little is generally known about the constituents of most complex mixtures. New applications of existing methods are needed to investigate the potential adverse health effects of both simple and complex mixtures. Our laboratory has been investigating the effects of mixtures on the formation and persistence of adducts on DNA by a known toxicant along with resultant changes in metabolic enzymes as a means of studying the effects of mixtures. This approach is based on the fact that most multi-component and simple environmental mixtures have many components in common, and common effects may thus allow prediction of actions of mixtures.
Effects of intermittent irradiation in situ on renal homotransplantation.

Studies were conducted in dogs to test the possible effectiveness of altering both host resistance and graft antigenicity, by irradiating graft site and graft, in prolonging graft rejection. Prolongation of kidney function inight in addition be achieved by inhibiting graft vs host response. This could be manifested by a subsequently changed histological picture or by rejection delay. Secondly, the host cells, which are assumed to be the carrier by which antibody reaches the graft, are radiosensitive, and if a time in terval exists between their arrival and rejection response, x radiation during this period might prolong survival time. In an effort to test these theories, renal homografts were obtained from donor animals and transplanted to the recipi ent's neck. Anastoinoses were carried out end-to-end between carotid artery of the recipient animals and renal artery of the grafted kidney. The renal vein was anastomose to the recipient jugular vein. Immediately after surgery, these animals received radiation to the homograft and irra diation daily under anesthesia by a dose of 100 r per treatinent. The average total dose received by each of the test animals was approximates 770 r. The grafts were considered rejected when hematuria, anuria, and/or swelling occurred. The exmore » perimental group survived an average of 9.1 days; the control group averaged 9.3 days, the difference being statistically insignificant. Grossly, the kidneys of both groups we similar. Thus, intermittent irradiation did not prolong survival, which suggests that the antibody-carrying cells probably arrive continuously, and need less than 24 hr to initiate the changes leading to rejection. (BBB)« less
Bistability in a symmetric out-of-plane microstructure

We studied the mechanical bistability of strained metal/oxide microstructures that were released from the substrate except at a central attachment point. The devices’ planar layout was symmetric, but the symmetry was broken when the structures were released from the substrate. Residual stress caused each structure to curl up from the substrate along one of two 90° axes. This configuration suggested that the structures could be bistable as long as there was not plastic deformation—but only by completely flattening, constraining and re-releasing the device. We investigated other switching paths by simulation and experiment. Finite element modelling in ANSYS showed that the device could be reversibly switched between shapes by applying a single point force. Experiments showed that reversible, repeatable switching could also be achieved by the distributed force of gas flow in the plane of the substrate, with larger devices switching at slower flow velocities. Experimentally characterized devices with edge lengths between 700 and 550 microns showed switching in the airflow velocity range of 2–5 m/s, with the threshold flow rate governed by the height and projected area of the device. These bistable surface-machined microdevices could serve as mechanical memory cells, passive threshold sensors, and archivers of peak flow events.
Cellular Senescence in Vitro

Publisher Summary Most researchers in the field of aging would agree that there is probably no single cause of senescence at either the cellular or the organismic level. Research has established that normal cells in culture have a limited replicative life span. Although cells from adult organisms live less long than cells from embryos in terms of population doublings, direct relationships between in vivo and in vitro aging remain undefined. It is unlikely that death of the organism is caused by failure in cellular proliferative capacity, but the changes that accompany alterations in proliferative capacity may play significant roles in organismic senescence. The aging of cell populations results from changes in individual cells. These changes involve transition from a rapidly dividing state through a series of more slowly dividing states to a final arrested state. In making these transitions, cells seem to recognize the number of mitotic events undergone rather than the passage of chronologic time. The course of cellular senescence in culture is modifiable. Senescence can be delayed by the inclusion of physiologic levels of hydrocortisone in the medium and senescent cells can be reactivated to synthesize DNA by fusion with transformed cells. These modulating events may serve as useful probes for understanding the underlying control system in senescence.
Technical note: A procedure to estimate glucose requirements of an activated immune system in steers

Infection and inflammation impede efficient animal productivity. The activated immune system ostensibly requires large amounts of energy and nutrients otherwise destined for synthesis of agriculturally relevant products. Accurately determining the immune system's in vivo energy needs is difficult, but a better understanding may facilitate developing nutritional strategies to maximize productivity. The study objective was to estimate immune system glucose requirements following an i.v. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Holstein steers (148 ± 9 kg; = 15) were jugular catheterized bilaterally and assigned to 1 of 3 i.v. TREATMENTS control (CON; 3 mL saline; = 5), LPS-administered controls (LPS-C; 055:B5; 1.5 mg/kg BW; = 5), and LPS + euglycemic clamp (LPS-Eu; 1.5 mg/kg BW; 50% dextrose infusion to maintain euglycemia; = 5). In LPS-Eu steers, postbolus blood samples were analyzed for glucose every 10 min. Dextrose infusion rates were adjusted to maintain euglycemia for 720 min. All steers were fasted during the challenge. Samples for later analysis were obtained at 180, 360, 540, and 720 min relative to LPS administration. Rectal temperature was increased ∼0.5°C in both LPS treatments relative to CON steers ( = 0.01). Steers in both LPS treatments were hyperglycemic for ∼3 h postbolus; thereafter, blood glucose was markedly decreased (30%; < 0.01) in LPS-C relative to both CON and LPS-Eu steers. A total of 516 ± 65 g of infused glucose was required to maintain continuous euglycemia in LPS-Eu steers. Circulating insulin increased in LPS-C and LPS-Eu steers relative to CON (∼70% and ∼20 fold, respectively; < 0.01). Circulating NEFA increased similarly with time for both CON and LPS-C compared to LPS-Eu steers (∼43%; < 0.01). Plasma L-lactate and LPS binding protein increased (∼198 and ∼90%, respectively; < 0.01) and ionized calcium decreased (18%; < 0.01) in both LPS treatments relative to CON steers. Circulating white blood cells decreased initially in LPS-Eu and LPS-C relative to controls (180 min; 85%) followed by a progressive increase with time ( = 0.02). Blood neutrophils followed the same pattern; however, at 720 min, neutrophils were decreased in LPS-Eu compared to LPS-C, resulting in a decreased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (54%; = 0.03). The large amount of glucose needed to maintain euglycemia indicates extensive repartitioning of nutrients away from growth and the importance of glucose as a fuel for the immune system.