cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of γδ T cells in the regulation of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage after thermal injury

Thermal injury induces an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of secondary tissue damage. Neutrophil recruitment and activation are in part responsible for this tissue damage. Although gammadelta T cells have been shown to regulate the inflammatory responses in tissues that are prone to neutrophil-mediated injury post-burn, their role in the induction of secondary tissue injury post-burn remains unknown. To study this, gammadelta T cell-deficient (gammadelta TCR-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to thermal injury or sham procedure, and tissue samples were isolated 1-24 h thereafter. Burn injury induced neutrophil accumulation in the lung and small intestines of WT mice at 1-3 h post-injury. No such increase in neutrophil tissue content was observed in gammadelta TCR-/- mice. An increase in tissue wet/dry weight ratios was also observed in these organs at 3 h post-burn in WT but not in gammadelta TCR-/- mice. A parallel increase in plasma and small intestine levels of the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta (chemokine ligand 4) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXC chemokine ligand 1) were observed in injured WT mice but not in injured gammadelta TCR-/- mice. Increased activation (CD120b expression) of the circulating gammadelta T cell population was also observed at 3 h post-burn in WT mice. These results indicate the gammadelta T cells, through the production of chemokines, play a central role in the initiation of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage post-burn.
Predictable Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Channel Fabrication in a Single-Mask Process

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the effect of geometrical patterns of the photomask on the dimensions of the trench that evolves after silicon isotropic etching. The study is based on the most complex surface pattern to date, composed of five independent geometric variables. Data from over 180 different patterns was collected to examine the influence of each parameter on the result. Two Langmuir-based models were developed relating the channel depth and width dimensions to the exposed pattern. These new models provide the capability to design complex microfluidic networks using only a single mask with channel dimensions predicted to 5% of their actual value.
The "I" of Enthrallment

The culture of the contemporary United States is powerfully shaped by the discourses of advertising and enter- tainment; cultural anthropologists must develop ways to ana- lyze and understand these discourses. Here I suggest that the subject's engagement with advertising and entertainment may take theform of enthrallment, a mental state characterized by si- multaneous engrossment and disbelief. In this article, I describe one sort of entertainment activity, science-fiction-based, role- playing games. I argue that enthrallment manifests itself here in aform of thefirst-person pronoun that occurs in the speech of the players. iM j uch of the early concern with what came to be called post- modernism was based in the observation that, due to the ubiquity of advertising and entertainment, the charac- teristic form of experience in contemporary society may en- tail a seamless blend of fantasy and reality (Baudrillard 1983; Eco 1986; Featherstone 1991; Fjellman 1992; Jameson 1984; Luke 1989). Increasingly, in a society like that of the United States, it seems that people value commercially generated fantasies over realities; indeed some have ar- gued that in many cases, people cannot tell the difference between the two. Commentators have adopted a variety of perspectives on this situation. Many have seen dangers in the devaluation of reality, while others have cele- brated the fluidity and lack of boundaries that may be associated with the immersion in collective fantasies. Here, my goal is not so much to evaluate
Ventilatory control and supplemental oxygen in premature infants with apparent chronic lung disease

Objectives Our goal was to evaluate changes in respiratory pattern among premature infants born at Study design Subjects were all infants enrolled in the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Project at St. Louis Children9s Hospital and eligible for a physiological challenge protocol because they were receiving supplemental oxygen or augmented airflow alone as part of their routine care. Continuous recording of rib cage and abdominal excursion and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2%) were made in the newborn intensive care unit. Results 37 of 49 infants (75.5%) failed the challenge, with severe or sustained falls in SpO2%. Also, 16 of 37 infants (43.2%) who failed had marked increases in the amount of periodic breathing at the time of challenge failure. Conclusions An unstable respiratory pattern is unmasked with a decrease in inspired oxygen or airflow support in many premature infants. Although infants with significant chronic lung disease may also be predisposed to more periodic breathing, these data suggest that the classification of chronic lung disease of prematurity based solely on clinical requirements for supplemental oxygen or airflow do not account for multiple mechanisms that are likely contributing to the need for respiratory support.
Leveraging Firmware in Multichip Systems to Maximize FPGA Resources: An Application of Self-Partial Reconfiguration

A number of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) allow for partial reconfiguration (PR). Partial reconfiguration can be used to maximize the resource utilization in these FPGAs. Current methodologies use both external and self partial reconfiguration for this purpose. On mature multichip (MC) systems that have not made use of the PR features of their SRAM-based FPGA(s), however, these methodologies would require changes in the existing FPGA configuration protocol and/or associated hardware outside the array. This paper presents a novel methodology that makes PR features available to these systems for the purpose of maximizing their FPGA resources without the modifications required by the current methodologies. The proposed methodology reuses an existing data interface to send the PR data to the array and directs this data to the FPGApsilas internal configuration port. A prototype of this methodology is demonstrated on a commercial color space conversion (CSC) engine design using two Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGAs.
Neural network based model reference controller for active queue management of TCP flows

We discuss here, implementation of a neural network (NN) based model referenced control (MRC) algorithm to improve transient and steady state behavior of transmission control protocol (TCP) flows and active queue management (AQM) routers in a network setting. Based on a fluid theoretical model of a network, two neural networks are trained to control the traffic flow of a bottleneck router. Results show dramatic improvement of the transient and the steady state behavior of the queuing window length. The results are compared to the traditional RED algorithm and the P and PI controllers of classical control theory
Enhancement of Radiation Response with TNF/TRAIL

Radiotherapy continues to play an important role in the treatment of cancer and, currently, about one-half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy as part of the overall management of their disease. Radiotherapy is especially useful in controlling localregional cancer and notable improvements have been made in recent years that involve combinations with chemotherapy, altered fractionation schemes, and conformal radiation delivery. However, despite these important innovations, an unacceptable proportion of patients still die of local-regional disease progression and additional improvements are sorely needed. One explanation for these failures is that some tumors appear to be resistant to doses of radiation as high as 75’80 Gy. Even with conformal therapy, it may be difficult to escalate the dose much beyond these levels without increasing the probability of late normal tissue complications. Thus, strategies for sensitizing tumor cells to radiation must be considered. Advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of cancer offer a broad range of possible radiosensitizing approaches. One approach that has been examined over the last several years has been to restore the mode of cell death known as apoptosis in irradiated tumors.
Alternating Copolymers of Cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene and Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells

A series of alternating copolymers of cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT) and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) have been prepared and characterized for polymer solar cell (PSC) applications. Different alkyl side chains, including butyl (Bu), hexyl (He), octyl (Oc), and 2-ethylhexyl (EH), are introduced to the TPD unit in order to adjust the packing of the polymer chain in the solid state, while the hexyl side chain on the CPDT unit remains unchanged to simplify discussion. The polymers in this series have a simple main chain structure and can be synthesized easily, have a narrow band gap and a broad light absorption. The different alkyl chains on the TPD unit not only significantly influence the solubility and chain packing, but also fine tune the energy levels of the polymers. The polymers with Oc or EH group have lower HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels, resulting higher open circuit voltages (Voc) of the PSC devices. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 5.5% and 6.4% are obtained from the devices of the Oc substituted polymer (PCPDTTPD-Oc) with PC61BM and PC71BM, respectively. This side chain effect on the PSC performance is related to the formation of a fine bulk heterojunction structure of polymer and PCBM domains, as observed with atomic force microscopy.
Table of the Kassel integral

Abstract : Values of the Kassel integral are tabulated to five decimal places. In the text the Kassel integral is derived, certain useful limits for it are given, and the numerical method, including its accuracy, is explained. (Author)
Functional classification of immune regulatory proteins

The members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) control innate and adaptive immunity and are prime targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and malignancies. We describe a computational method, termed the Brotherhood algorithm, which utilizes intermediate sequence information to classify proteins into functionally related families. This approach identifies functional relationships within the IgSF and predicts additional receptor-ligand interactions. As a specific example, we examine the nectin/nectin-like family of cell adhesion and signaling proteins and propose receptor-ligand interactions within this family. Guided by the Brotherhood approach, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of a homophilic interaction involving the class-I MHC-restricted T-cell-associated molecule, which we now classify as a nectin-like family member. The Brotherhood algorithm is likely to have a significant impact on structural immunology by identifying those proteins and complexes for which structural characterization will be particularly informative.
Culture of Progressive Longitudinal Training in the Public Transit Industry

Professional and workforce development is important to maintaining the safe and reliable operational integrity of the public transportation industry in the United States. This paper discusses a new concept of professional and workforce development called longitudinal training and its benefits, influences, challenges, examples, and culture. Additionally, these factors are directly associated with new advances in technology, educational techniques, paradigms, and strategies for workforce and professional development.
Examining the brand name – mark relationship in emerging markets

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the brand name–mark sound symbolism relationship extends beyond US marketplaces to emerging markets. Sound symbolism research indicates that consistent brand name meaning can be conveyed across international marketplaces. Yet, prior work has not investigated whether visual branding elements provide consistent meaning across such contexts. Design/methodology/approach – To contrast effects across international contexts, we replicate both studies of Klink (2003) with bilingual subjects in Mumbai, India. Study 1 examined whether the sound symbolic relationship between brand name and brand mark holds in this emerging market. Study 2 investigated whether both the brand name and brand mark together can enhance brand meaning in this context. Findings – Study 1 finds support for the relationship between higher-frequency brand names and brand marks that are angular and smaller in size, with limited support regarding color. Study 2 finds a significant ...
A Modular Surgical Robotic System for Image Guided Percutaneous Procedures

This paper presents a robotic system for precise needle insertion under radiological guidance for surgical interventions and for delivery of therapy. It is extremely compact and is compatible with portable X-ray units and computer tomography scanners. The system presents a modular structure comprising a global positioning module, a miniature robotic module, and a radiolucent needle driver module. This system is the newest member of a growing family of modular surgical robots under development. The system may be operated stand-alone under joystick control making it readily adaptable to any operating room, or under full image guided computer control.
Influences of dolomite precipitation on quartz surface textures

ABSTRACT Scanning electron microscopic examination of surface textures of quartz grains digested from dolomite-cemented sandstones and sandy dolostones revealed that dolomite precipitation can affect quartz surfaces by 1) impeding syntaxial quartz overgrowth precipitation and 2) causing detrital quartz dissolution. Both of these processes resulted in the formation of dolomite rhombohedron-shaped molds on quartz grain surfaces, which are diagnostic for the recognition of secondary porosity formed by cement dissolution. Precipitation-controlled dolomite replacement of quartz along euhedral dolomite crystal faces is consistent with the force of crystallization-controlled replacement model. Some dolomite cement precipitation occurs without noticeable alteration of quartz grain surfaces. Dolomite c mentation is also associated with surface reaction-controlled dissolution textures that may have formed by either 1) host grain-controlled replacement of quartz by dolomite or 2) void-filling dolomite precipitation into etch-pits formed by earlier quartz dissolution in undersaturated bulk pore waters.
The Biopsychosocial Legacy of Deinstitutionalization

The growth of homelessness as a problem affecting the long-term mentally ill patient population attests to the fact that many individuals fail to be served by mental health agencies in this era of deinstitutionalization (1). Even those who are on agency rolls often receive far less than adequate and sensitive care (2). Thus it is hardly surprising that I feel some hesitation in writing about a “legacy” of deinstitutionalization. Yet it would be misleading to suggest that deinstitutionalization has been an unqualified failure. I have written and spoken frequently about the serious problems that have accompanied that movement (3,4), and I fully intend to continue to do so. However, I must also acknowledge the positive legacy ofthis policy. The legacy consists of our heightened awareness of the humanity and the needs of mentally ill individuals. And although this awareness may not appear to be a very substantial gift in view of all the suffering and inequities that have accompanied the movement, I believe it to be quite a remarkable legacy.
Vasospasm model of a rabbit common carotid artery for endovascular research

Abstract Rationale and Objectives Endovascular treatments such as balloon angioplasty and injection of vasodilators play an important role in cerebral vasospasm refractory to first-line therapies. Experimental studies with intracranial arteries of animals have some limitations, however, because in most cases endovascular devices are too large and inflexible to catheterize these arteries. The purpose of this study was to document the natural course of a vasospasm model using a rabbit common carotid artery. Materials and Methods The common carotid arteries of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Autologous blood was placed around the isolated artery and kept in place with a silicone cuff. The time course of vasoconstriction after blood clot placement was examined with angiography and with histopathologic evaluation. Results Angiographic vasoconstriction was prominent on day 2, less obvious on day 9, and absent on day 30. At histopathologic evaluation, folding of the endothelial surface, corrugation of the internal elastic lamina, and thickening of the arterial wall were observed in the group with blood clot placements around the artery on day 2 and were nearly absent on day 30. Conclusion This model may be used for the study of endovascular treatments of vasospasm.
Three faces of cruelty: Towards a comparative sociology of violence

In our contemporary society, ferocious cruelty is no longer structurally induced; it is no longer part of the dominant ceremonial order, although we still find individual cases. In this sense, modern society appears more humane. But at the same time, the dangers of callousness increase; and the technological efficiency of modern instruments of destruction makes its consequencess all the more appalling while it hides them from view. Between these opposing trends, ascetic cruelty has had its ups and downs, cresting during periods of mobilized conflict. There is no evolutionary trend towards kindness and happiness. Ferociousness once increased, then declined; callousness and asceticism now oppose each other as defenders and challengers of the status quo. And the institutionalized asceticism of a victorious revolutionary movement easily amalgamates with the callousness of an established bureaucratic regime. The demons can be exorcised, but only by seeing them for what they are. Those who claim that the demons can be exorcised only by action in the world, not by theorizing about them, seem to be possessed by demons of their own, especially the demon of asceticism; one senses here the communal hostility of the ascetic to the individual luxury of intellectual contemplation. And here is the danger. Those who deny everything for the self deny it as well for others; our altruism, taken too exclusively, is an infinite regress, passing a bucket from hand to hand that never reaches the fire. When we act, we call out the demons to meet us. Be careful: they are ourselves.
Response of porous foams filled with phase change material under transient heating

Thermal energy storage using phase change materials is a common method to cool systems passively. These phase change materials often have low thermal conductivity, compromising their effectiveness in cooling. One solution commonly employed is to fill thermally conductive foams with PCMs to increase overall thermal conductivity. These systems are often designed to use solid/liquid phase change from the phase change material to control a system’s temperature for as long as possible. However, the transient response of the thermal storage system has not been fully explored, particularly for aerospace applications in which the conditions of the surrounding environment are rarely steady. Consequently, an experimental study focusing on changing boundary conditions was developed, the results of which are reported here, and recommendations on the use of different foams for certain conditions are provided. The experimental results are compared to an existing numerical model to determine its predictive value.
Online Help-Seeking in Communities of Novice Innovators

Recent online innovation support tools, such as crowdfunding platforms, have made it easier for novice innovators to develop and implement their work in the real world. However, novice innovators often fail to connect with mentors in these contexts, which limits their ability to develop successful products. Theories of learning and innovation describe the importance of working in a social context to acquire needed resources. By designing tools that encourage and scaffold the act of help-seeking, we can connect more novice innovators with potential mentors. The goal of my dissertation is to 1) develop an emergent model of online help-seeking behavior for novice innovators, 2) identify features novice innovators use to inform mentor connection decisions, and 3) design and evaluate a tool that scaffolds novice-mentor connection in innovation communities.
Towards the integration of programming by demonstration and programming by instruction using golog

We present a formal approach for combining programming by demonstration (PbD) with programming by instruction (PbI)--a largely unsolved problem. Our solution is based on the integration of two successful formalisms: version space algebras and the logic programming language Golog. Version space algebras have been successfully applied to programming by demonstration. Intuitively, a version space describes a set of candidate procedures and a learner filters this space as necessary to be consistent with all given demonstrations of the target procedure. Golog, on the other hand, is a logical programming language defined in the situation calculus that allows for the specification of non-deterministic programs. While Golog was originally proposed as a means for integrating programming and automated planning, we show that it serves equally well as a formal framework for integrating PbD and PbI. Our approach is the result of two key insights: (a) Golog programs can be used to define version spaces, and (b) with only a minor augmentation, the existing Golog semantics readily provides the update-function for such version spaces, given demonstrations. Moreover, as we will show, two or more programs can be symbolically synchronized, resulting in the intersection of two, possibly infinite, version spaces. The framework thus allows for a rather flexible integration of PbD and PbI, and in addition establishes a new connection between two active research areas, enabling cross-fertilization.
Cancer survivors' employment and insurance rights: a primer for oncologists.

Cancer survivors’ access to equal employment opportunities and adequate health insurance has changed significantly during the 1990s. New federal and state laws have expanded survivors’ rights to be treated fairly in
Data requirements and a spatial database for personalized wheelchair navigation

A spatial database is an essential part of a navigation system since it provides the necessary resources to perform navigation and routing functions, among others. While generally wheelchair navigation and car navigation overlap from the functional standpoint, databases for car navigation are not suitable for wheelchair navigation. One major difference between databases for car navigation and wheelchair navigation is that operations in car navigation are centered around road networks along with road segment attributes, whereas operations in wheelchair navigation are primarily centered around sidewalk networks along with unique parameters related to accessibility information about the surrounding environment. In this paper, we discuss the data (spatial and non-spatial) requirements and a database for wheelchair navigation. We also report our experience in constructing a spatial database of the University of Pittsburgh campus area for wheelchair navigation.
Barriers to Reproductive Health and Access to Other Medical Services in Situations of Conflict and Migration

People living in situations of conflict and forced migration do not receive the health care they need and want, and to which they have a right. There are many factors contributing to this lack of adequate care. The purpose of this paper is to examine these factors, using reproductive health care as the lens through which barriers to providing and using health care are reviewed.
Sex Differences in Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Revascularization: A Nationwide Analysis.

Abstract Background: Women with coronary artery disease are less likely to be revascularized than men based on angiography alone. Recent studies have shown that female patients have higher fractional flow reserve (FFR) values for a given severity of coronary stenosis. However, gender differences in coronary revascularization rates following FFR assessment are unknown. Methods: The nationwide inpatient sample database was used to identify all patients who underwent FFR in the United States between January 2009 and December 2010. We used propensity score matching to compare revascularization rates and in-hospital outcomes among men and women undergoing FFR measurements. Results: Among 3712 patients who underwent FFR during the study period, 1235 matched pairs of men and women were identified. The overall revascularization rates were lower in women than men (40.1% vs. 52.8%, p < 0.01). Women were less likely to undergo either percutaneous (35.2% vs. 45.6%, p < 0.01) or surgical revascularization following FF...
3D DRAM based application specific hardware accelerator for SpMV

For numerous scientific applications Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication (SpMV) is one of the most important kernels. Unfortunately, due to its very low ratio of computation to memory access SpMV is inherently a memory bound problem. On the other hand, the main memory bandwidth of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) architectures is insufficient for available computation resources on these platforms, well known as the memory wall problem. As a result, COTS architectures are unsuitable for SpMV. Furthermore, SpMV requires random access into a memory space which is far too big for cache. Hence, it becomes difficult to utilize the main memory bandwidth which is already scarce.
Insect-Borne Plant Pathogens and Their Vectors: Ecology, Evolution, and Complex Interactions.

The transmission of insect-borne plant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas, and fungi depends upon the abundance and behavior of their vectors. These pathogens should therefore be selected to influence their vectors to enhance their transmission, either indirectly, through the infected host plant, or directly, after acquisition of the pathogen by the vector. Accumulating evidence provides partial support for the occurrence of vector manipulation by plant pathogens, especially for plant viruses, for which a theoretical framework can explain patterns in the specific effects on vector behavior and performance depending on their modes of transmission. The variability in effects of pathogens on their vectors, however, suggests inconsistency in the occurrence of vector manipulation but also may reflect incomplete information about these systems. For example, manipulation can occur through combinations of specific effects, including direct and indirect effects on performance and behavior, and dy...
Comparison of the Efficiency and Durability of Responding Effected by Two Modified DRL Procedures with Humans

Response rates, reinforcement rates, and efficiency ratios resulting from two modified DRL procedures and a constant DRL treatment control group were compared to assess the relative efficiency and durability of response reduction of each procedure. Following Fixed-Ratio pretraining, six undergraduate student volunteers were randomly assigned to each of three DRL procedures (Groups): (a) Constant DRL, (b) Adjusting DRL, or (c) Adjusting omission training (OT)-DRL. Following the response reduction condition, subjects underwent a return to baseline durability testing condition. The Adjusting OT-DRL procedure effected the most efficient and durable response reduction, the highest reinforcement rates, and the highest efficiency ratios. The Adjusting OT-DRL and Adjusting DRL procedures both proved to be significantly more efficient and durable than the Constant DRL procedure.
Metabolomics and Lipidomics: Yet More Ways Your Health Is Influenced by Fat

Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that occur in living cells, and the reactants and products of these reactions compose the metabolome. The lipidome is comprised by hydrophobic metabolites and includes several broad classes of structurally diverse molecules. Lipids supplied by the host cell are required for many viral processes, and many if not all viruses have evolved mechanisms to perturb host metabolism to promote viral replication. This chapter provides background and a framework for examining the role of lipid metabolites in viral processes and rational attempts to target host metabolism as an antiviral strategy.
Generating Sequences for Solving in Abstract g-Fractional Calculus

The aim of this chapter is to utilize proper iterative methods for solving equations on Banach spaces.
An Assembly Language Introduction to Computer Architecture: Using the Intel Pentium

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Levels of Abstraction From Program to Execution A Brief History of Computer Development The Intel iAPX Architecture COMPUTER BASICS The Pieces and Parts Memory Operation The Instruction Fetch/Execute Cycle Performance SASM -- SIMPLE ABSTRACT LANGUAGE On Assembly and Compilation Variable Declaration Arithmetic Operations Control Structures Communications with the User A SASM Program NUMBER SYSTEMS Numbers and Their Representation Weighted Postitional Notaiton Transformations Between Radices Representation of Non-Integer Numbers DATA REPRESENTATION Numbers versus Their Representation Representationa of Integers Characters Floating Point Representation A Little Extra On Complement Representation ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS Logical Operations Shift Operations Addition and Subtraction Multiplication Division FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC Hardware vs. Software Calculations Addition and Subtraction Multiplication Division Advanced Topics DATA STRUCTURES Memory as an Array Arrays Stacks Queues USING REGISTERS FOR EFFICIENCY Instructions and Efficiency Registers Load/Store Architectures Addressing Modes THE PENTIUM ARCHITECTURE Generalities Registers Memory Model Addressing Modes Instruction Set Code Examples PROCEDURES Procedure Call and Return Mechanisms Dynamic Storage Allocation Activation Records Parameter Passing Saving Registers A Pentium Program that uses Procedures THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS Where Assemblers Fit in, and What Assemblers Do Machine Code Format and Code Generation Linking and Linking INPUT AND OUTPUT Typical I/O Devices The Processor-I/O Interface Direct Memory Access (DMA) INTERRUPTS AND EXCEPTION HANDLING The Mechanism The Role of the Operating System The Pentium Exception Mechanism Advanced Issues in Exception Handling FEATURES FOR ARCHITECTURAL PERFORMACE On Mimimal Instruction Sets and Choices Instruction Level Parallelism Memory Hierarchies ARCHITECTURE IN PERSPECTIVE What's All This About RISC? The Single-Chip Constant The Motorola 68000 Family The Cray-1 MIPS RISC SPARC Alpha MEMORY MANAGEMENT AND VIRTUAL MEMORY Basic Concepts and Terms Base and Bounds Segmentation Segmentation on the Pentium Paging Paging and Segmentation Multi-Level Paging Page and Segment Attributes APPENDIX A -- RESERVED WORDS APPENDIX B -- SASM APPENDIX C -- MACHINE LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION
Creativity and Inequality: The Dual Path of China’s Urban Development

This chapter sets out to analyze urban development and branding strategies for emerging global cities in China. It takes as its starting point that there has been a shift from a focus on economic dimensions towards a global city discourse in which various dimensions are at play, including economic, cultural, social and environmental. The empirical focus is five large, globalizing Chinese cities, namely Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The findings show that multidimensionality, and hence being a center of not only economy and finance but of multiple elements (such as those pertaining to culture, social factors, and the environment) increasingly defines emerging global cities in China, as well as tomorrow’s global cities.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in veterans with spinal cord injury.

Context/Objective: Recent literature would suggest the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) is higher than that of the general population, although no large coh...
Still plenty to explore.

Advanced characterization and modelling techniques provide unique insights into oxidant transport processes in growing scales of high-temperature alloys and alloy design for improving their degradation resistance in harsh environments.
Eingebettete Interaktion — Symbiose von Mensch und Information

Computertechnologie ist bereits in viele Bereiche unseres Lebens vorgedrungen, und dieser Trend setzt sich weiter fort. In den letzten Jahren hat der Fortschritt in der Wissenschaft zu neuen Problemlosungen gefuhrt, die eine naht-lose Einbettung von Rechen- und Kommunikationstechnologien in unsere All-tagswelt ermoglichen. Flachendeckende Infrastrukturen und spezialisierte Informationsgerate sind im Entstehen, was neue Anwendungsfelder der Informatik nach sich zieht. Durch technologische Entwicklungen im Bereich der Sensoren und Aktuatoren eroffnen sich insbesondere neue Moglichkeiten fur die Gestaltung von Benutzungsschnittstellen, die in Gegenstande, Kleidung und die Umgebung eingebettet sind. Zentrale Aspekte sind dabei die implizite Interaktion und das Konzept der „greifbaren“ Information. Das automatische Erkennen und die Interpretation von Aktionen und Situationen sowie die Nutzung dieser Information als implizite Eingabe erlauben eine an den Kontext angepasste Verhaltensweise eines Systems. Wenn man Daten und Information quasi anfassen kann, wird eine naturliche Interaktion mit abstrakten Konstrukten moglich.
Common Trust Funds: The Living Fossil of Passthroughs

A common trust fund (CTF) is a pool of trust funds invested by a bank. The CTF benefits from an early, primitive, and easily manipulated system of passthrough taxation. The CTF tax regime has exploitable flaws that allow a replication of a tax loss and sale of the tax loss to new participants who do not suffer any economic loss. This proposal considers a narrow remedy for replication and sale of built-in losses, which is to allocate preexisting losses to new participants, but then simply to disallow them. It also looks at other remedies. The proposal recommends a simple repeal of the CTF form, so that anti-abuse changes to partnership tax law are made to the CTFs automatically.The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration among tax professionals to develop and perfect proposals to serve Congress when it is ready to raise revenue. Shelf Project proposals are intended to raise revenue without raising rates, because the best systems have the lowest feasible tax rates. Shelf projects defend the tax base and improve the rationality and efficiency of the tax system, but shelf projects do not shift the burden of tax to low-income individuals. Congress adopted its first Shelf Project on March 18, 2010. New section 871(1), enacted in the HIRE Act, is based on the Shelf Project proposal by Reuven Avi-Yonah, ‘‘Enforcing Dividend Withholding on Derivatives,’’ Tax Notes, Nov. 10, 2008, p. 747, Doc 2008-22806, or 2008 TNT 219-34.Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.
Diffusively Coupled Dynamical Systems

The reaction-diffusion equation u τ = − f(u) + ɛ 2 Δu is considered for small values of ɛ. When ɛ = 0 the equation reduces to an ordinary differential equation or a dynamical system at each x. This system may have one, two or a finite number of attracting rest points, a connected manifold of rest points, two manifolds of rest points, an attracting limit cycle, or a family of periodic orbits. In each of these cases the behavior of u(x, τ, ɛ) is described for small values of ɛ. It involves flow by curvature or curve shortening in the case of two rest points, diffusion to a harmonic map in the case of a manifold of rest points, etc.
Externspeicher- und Systempufferverwaltung

Nachdem wir im vorhergehenden Kapitel die aus Implementierungssicht wichtigsten Konzepte von Datenbanksystemen betrachtet haben, erfolgt nun eine detailliertere Erorterung der Interna eines DBMS. Wir beginnen mit den beiden untersten Schichten des Systems (siehe Bild 1.3), namlich dem Gerate-und Speicher-Manager und dem Systempuffer-Manager. Beide Komponenten bilden zusammen das Speichersystem.
All-trans retinoic acid + arsenic trioxide versus other regimens for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: A single institution experience.

e19010Background: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) have revolutionized the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). Anthracycline is added at induction for high ri...
The influence of self-expansion on pop-star fans’ leisure constraints, commitment, involvement and future intention

Fans follow pop-stars as an extension of them and exhibit commitment to participate in pop-star-related activities given existing leisure constraints. This study identified self-expansion as an imp...
Association of Glucose Concentrations at Hospital Discharge With Readmissions and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study

CONTEXT Low blood glucose concentrations during the discharge day may affect 30-day readmission and posthospital discharge mortality rates. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether patients with diabetes and low glucose values during the last day of hospitalization are at increased risk of readmission or mortality. DESIGN AND OUTCOMES Minimum point of care glucose values were collected during the last 24 hours of hospitalization. We used adjusted rates of 30-day readmission rate, 30-, 90-, and 180-day mortality rates, and combined 30-day readmission/mortality rate to identify minimum glucose thresholds above which patients can be safely discharged. PATIENTS AND SETTING Nationwide cohort study including 843,978 admissions of patients with diabetes at the Veteran Affairs hospitals 14 years. RESULTS The rate ratios (RRs) increased progressively for all five outcomes as the minimum glucose concentrations progressively decreased below the 90 to 99 mg/dL category, compared with the 100 to 109 mg/dL category: 30-day readmission RR, 1.01 to 1.45; 30-day readmission/mortality RR, 1.01 to 1.71; 30-day mortality RR, 0.99 to 5.82; 90-day mortality RR, 1.01 to 2.40; 180-day mortality RR, 1.03 to 1.91. Patients with diabetes experienced greater 30-day readmission rates, 30-, 90- and 180-day postdischarge mortality rates, and higher combined 30-day readmission/mortality rates, with glucose levels <92.9 mg/dL, <45.2 mg/dL, 65.8 mg/dL, 67.3 mg/dL, and <87.2 mg/dL, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes who had hypoglycemia or near-normal glucose values during the last day of hospitalization had higher rates of 30-day readmission and postdischarge mortality.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective study.

Objective To prospectively examine the association between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk. Methods The current cohort study included 96,043 participants (mean age 51.3 years) who were free of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer at baseline (2006). Serum LDL-C concentrations were assessed in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. Cumulative average LDL-C concentrations were calculated from all available LDL-C data during that period. Incident ICH was confirmed by review of medical records. Results We identified 753 incident ICH cases during 9 years of follow-up. The ICH risk was similar among participants with LDL concentrations of 70 to 99 mg/dL and those with LDL-C concentrations ≥100 mg/dL. In contrast, participants with LDL-C concentrations Conclusions We observed a significant association between lower LDL-C and higher risk of ICH when LDL-C was
Failure to accept retractions: A contribution to the continued influence effect

Previous research has shown that when information about a narrative event is retracted, people continue to use that information even though it has been explicitly identified as incorrect. Not only can this occur for implicitly inferred information, but also when the change is stated explicitly. The current study explored whether this effect reflects, at least in part, an unwillingness of some readers to accept changes to their understanding. Experiment 1 assessed this using a continued influence effect paradigm with an additional probe asking whether participants believed the explicitly stated change. Most did not. Those that did accept it showed evidence of a reduced use of the incorrect information, while those that did not accept it performed similarly to those who received no correction (control). Experiment 2 included an additional explicit instruction that participants could say "don't know" if they were unsure of how to respond. The pattern of results was largely the same as for Experiment 1. Experiment 3 modified the alternative account to increase plausibility, and added two additional stories/question sets to ensure effects were not limited to one set of materials. A greater number of participants found the retractions believable than in Experiments 1 and 2. Nonetheless, a similar pattern of results was found. Overall, these findings suggest that at least some of the evidence for the continued use of retracted information may be due to some people not accepting the retraction, even in the absence of external motivation to disregard it.
The effect of solidification direction with respect to gravity on ice-templated TiO2 microstructures

Abstract Unidirectional ice-templating produces materials with aligned, elongated pores via: (i) directional solidification of particle suspensions wherein suspended particles are rejected and incorporated between aligned dendrites, (ii) sublimation of the solidified fluid, and (iii) sintering of the particles into elongated walls which are templated by the ice dendrites. Most ice-templating studies utilize upward solidification techniques, where solid ice is located at the bottom of the solidification mold (closest to the cold source), the liquid suspension is above the ice, and the solidification front advances upward, against gravity. Liquid water reaches its maximum density at 4 °C; thus, liquid nearest the solid/liquid interface, at 0oC, is less dense than warmer liquid above (up to 4 °C, above which, a density inversion occurs, and liquid density decreases with increasing temperature). The lower density liquid nearest the solidification front is thus expected to rise due to buoyancy, promoting convective fluid motion in the liquid during solidification. Here, we investigate the effect of solidification direction with respect to the direction of gravity on ice-templated microstructures to study the role of buoyancy-driven fluid motion during solidification. We hypothesize that, for upward solidification, the convective fluid motion that results from the liquid density gradient occurs near the solidification front. For downward solidification, we expect that this fluid motion occurs farther away from the solidification front. Aqueous suspensions of TiO2 nanoparticles (10–30 nm in size, 10, 15, and 21 vol.%) are solidified upward (against gravity, with ice on bottom and water on top), downward (water on bottom, ice on top), and horizontally (perpendicular to gravity). Microstructural investigation of sintered samples shows evidence of buoyancy-driven, convective fluid flow during solidification for samples solidified upwards (against gravity), including (i) tilting of the wall (and pore) orientation with respect to the induced temperature gradient, (ii) ice lens defects (cracks oriented perpendicular to the freezing direction), and (iii) radial macrosegregation. These features are not observed for downward nor horizontal solidification configurations, consistent with the hypothesis that convective fluid motion does not interact directly with the solidification front for downward solidification.
Our Experience with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Medication Outcomes from 2013 to 2016.

Background Aortic stenosis is classified as stenosis that can be caused by a congenital disability in infants and children but is more commonly produced by a degenerative process of calcification and scarring of the valve in the later decades of life. High systemic pressure and hemodynamic disturbances characteristic of this area of the cardiovascular system makes the aortic valve susceptible to plaque and cholesterol buildup over time, similarly to atherosclerosis, contributing to the pathology of aortic stenosis. Thus, this study aims to assess the short and long-term clinical outcomes of risk factor reduction, post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (post-TAVR), and results of tested medication outcomes. Methods Data were obtained from Charleston Area Medical Center, which is a tertiary care 800-bed community teaching facility and was examined using STATA 11.4 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA), a Cox proportional hazards model to test for clinical significance. This study examined the medications aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Additional medications analyzed included statin, anticoagulant, aspirin with clopidogrel, and beta-blocker with ACE inhibitor and statin following the procedure of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and the overall risk of a hazard event of mortality. Results Results suggest that clopidogrel by itself had the lower rate of mortality at one year with hazards of 0.6906, a p-value of 0.221 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.3677 - 1.259; and at three years with hazards of 0.4845, a p-value of 0.027 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.2552 - 0.9201. Statins had the second-lowest rate at one year with hazards of 0.7299 and a p-value 0.215 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.4438 - 1.200; and at three years with hazard of 0.8529 and a p-value of 0.530 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.5192 - 1.401. Both of these medications had a consistent lower hazard and/or risk of death compared to other standard medication regiments. Within our center's data, clopidogrel had the best clinical outcome. Conclusions This study showed that therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel alone did not demonstrate a significant increase in mortality versus alternative anticoagulation therapy in patients post aortic valve replacement. Clopidogrel and statin usage post-aortic valve revascularization may have a trend towards a reduction in mortality.
Adenosine induced cardiac pause in neuroendovascular management of AVM with fistula

Abstract Embolization as the sole therapeutic option to completely obliterate an AVM as reported varies between 5% and 53.9% (Bruno et al., 2013). Smaller AVM’s and those with single or few feeders can be cured completely with embolization alone, using either glue or EVOH formulations. Some AVM’s may harbor intranidal fistulae and these AVM’s are at increased risk for bleeding and should be treated by embolization before excision or radiosurgery. Glue embolization in a high flow situation carries the hazard of distal migration. We present a less frequently used approach to achieve total obliteration of an AVM with intranidal fistulas using cyanoacrylate glue and a single micro catheter with pharmacologically induced circulatory arrest. The use of adenosine is relatively inexpensive and adds economic advantage to the procedure. In carefully planned and selected cases using a single micro catheter glue can be deposited with minimal venous rundown to completely obliterate the AVM without the need for coils and other devices.