cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory postures limit antipredator responses in peafowl.

ABSTRACT Many animals inhabit environments where they experience temperature fluctuations. One way in which animals can adjust to these temperature changes is through behavioral thermoregulation. However, we know little about the thermal benefits of postural changes and the costs they may incur. In this study, we examined the thermoregulatory role of two postures, the head-tuck and leg-tuck posture, in peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and evaluated whether the head-tuck posture imposes a predation cost. The heads and legs of peafowl are significantly warmer when the birds exhibit these postures, demonstrating that these postures serve an important thermoregulatory role. In addition, the birds are slower to respond to an approaching threat when they display the head-tuck posture, suggesting that a thermoregulatory posture can limit antipredator behavior.
Nationwide Healthcare Expenditures among Hypertensive Individuals with Stroke: 2003-2014.

Background Of all the various clinical entities, hypertension is arguably most strongly linked to the occurrence of stroke. However, the impact of stroke on health-care expenditures in patients with hypertension has not been previously evaluated. Methods We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 2003-2014 data. Adults aged 18 years or greater were included in this analysis. We used a 2-part model (adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and time) to estimate the incremental health-care expenditures incurred by stroke among individuals with hypertension. Results On average, $4057 more dollars (adjusted incremental health-care expenditure) was spent on individuals with hypertension plus stroke versus no history of stroke. Overall unadjusted mean medical expenditure in those with a comorbid diagnosis of stroke was twice as high as in those without a diagnosis of stroke ($16,668 versus 8374; P Conclusion Among individuals with hypertension in the United States, those who have experienced a stroke incur tens of billions of dollars in higher health-care expenditures compared with those without known stroke. Greater emphasis on stroke prevention strategies and cost control initiatives (wherever appropriate) are warranted.
PLACE IDENTITY AND CREATIVE DISTRICT REGENERATION: THE CASE OF 798 IN BEIJING AND M50 IN SHANGHAI ART ZONES

The history of a place, and in particular its historic urban fabric and heritage, constitutes - together with the development of suitable policies - an important element in determining the future of that part of the city and its renewal. At the same time, recognising the value of place identity as a fundamental component of heritage and in implementing urban change serves as a reference point both in terms of society’s wishes and in safeguarding and constructing the sustainable urban image. Built heritage narratives facilitate the creation and enhancement of national identities by ‘denoting particular places as centres of collective cultural consciousness’. Cities have to find out how to reduce the risks inherent in the tendency of contemporary urban societies to fall back on their heritage and historical roots as they face up to an identity crisis. In this respect, innovation in urban space design represents an opportunity to construct an identity of places and give a no globalized scope to the urban form of contemporary cities. The industry of culture covers a huge set of activities fundamental to launch a country’s economy, nonetheless it is important to consider that the most successful urban regeneration projects are those where there is a strong involvement of local pre-existing identity and where history recovery of the sense of place and belonging to the local community is expected. Starting from this premises, aim of the paper is to illustrate the process of regeneration which is interesting two creative sites in China: 798 district in Beijing and M50 in Shanghai. These districts have in common the transformation of old industry in creative park. Due to the increasing economic growth, which is interesting many Chinese cities, the risk is the globalization of the process of regeneration and the lost of place identity. As regards, the paper will identify strengths and weakness of these operations and possible interventions of sustainable enhancement of heritage and place identity.
A scalable protocol stack for IEEE 802.11s-based advanced metering infrastructure networks

The utility companies and the researchers have been developing new applications and communication protocols for the Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) network. Since the AMI network consists of thousands of smart meters, it is built as a wireless mesh network (WMN) because it requires far less cabling work, thereby lowering the infrastructure, deployment and maintenance costs. However, WMNs suffer from scalability issues as the network grows. Therefore, in this paper, we present a scalable protocol stack for the IEEE 802.11s-based AMI applications. We propose several modifications and parameter adjustments at different layers of the protocol stack. Specifically, several parameters at the MAC layer are adjusted. Furthermore, we integrate a modified Address Resolution Protocol to take advantage of Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol's proactive route requests/replies, which is IEEE 802.11s standards default routing protocol. Moreover, we propose five novel retransmission timeout (RTO) calculation functions for the application layer protocol, CoAP, in order to increase the reliability. We assessed the performance of the proposed protocol stack under the widely used ns-3 simulator. The simulation results have shown that the proposed stack can reliably scale to thousands of nodes.
Nature of tumour rejection antigens in ovarian cancer

Major progress in the analysis of human immune responses to cancer has been made through the molecular characterization of human tumour antigens. The development of therapeutic strategies for eliciting immune-mediated rejection of tumours has accelerated due to the elucidation of the molecular basis for tumour cell recognition and destruction by immune cells. Of the various human tumour antigens defined to date in ovarian cancer, the cancer-testis (CT) family of antigens have been studied extensively preclinically and clinically because of their testis-restricted expression in normal tissues and ability to elicit robust immune responses. Recent developments in cancer sequencing technologies offer a unique opportunity to identify tumour mutations with the highest likelihood of being expressed and recognized by the immune system. Such mutations, or neoantigens, could potentially serve as specific immune targets for T-cell-mediated destruction of cancer cells. This review will highlight current work in selecting tumour rejection antigens in ovarian cancer for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
In-Plane MEMS Acoustic Emission Sensors Development and Experimental Characterization

Damage initiation and growth in materials releases elastic waves, which can be detected by surface mounted acoustic emission (AE) transducers. In this paper, new MEMS comb-drive AE transducers, responsive to in-plane motion, manufactured using electroplating technique for highly elevated microstructure geometries are presented. The transduction principle is capacitance change achieved by area/gap change in two separate designs. Mechanism of spring orientation, dimensions and mass have been selected in such a way that they satisfy three design criteria as the frequency range of 100–200 kHz, 2–30 pF capacitance and the functionality under atmospheric pressure. The challenge of coupling the microstructure vibration in out-of-plane and in-plane directions is addressed with differential mode approach and frequency domain responses. The squeeze film damping is reduced with 8 μm gap between moving electrodes so that the transducers are operational under atmospheric pressure. The directional independence of the transducers to two orthogonal directions is demonstrated using laser source as the excitation signal. The Nd: Yag Q switch laser has 3 mm beam diameter and is focused on the top and the edge of the transducer package. The results show a distinct output signal for in-plane and out-of-plane motions due to the directional sensitivity of the MEMS transducers.
Raising the Achievement of All Students: Teaching for Successful Intelligence

This article describes how we can teach students more effectively by teaching for successful intelligence. Teaching for successful intelligence involves instructing and assessing analytically, creatively, and practically, as well as for memory. Such teaching helps students recognize and capitalize on strengths, and at the same time recognize and correct or compensate for weaknesses. The article describes how to teach for successful intelligence and presents empirical evidence that teaching for successful intelligence really works in the classroom in raising student achievement.
Convergence Properties of Stochastic Processes

In this chapter we describe ways that sequences of stochastic processes can converge. Our general results about perturbation methods give the first two terms of an approximation: The leading term is based on convergence (as e → 0) to some nonrandom values, and the second term is based on convergence to a diffusion process. These are in the spirit of the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, respectively. In this chapter we define the senses in which these limits are valid; we describe technical conditions that are sufficient for various kinds of convergence; and at the end, we describe a central limit theorem for ergodic stochastic processes. While the results in this chapter are developed mostly for continuous-time processes, there are analogous results for discrete-time processes that are left to the reader.
Multi-Model MPC for Nonlinear Systems: Case Study of a Complex pH Neutralization Process

Abstract Implementation of a multi-model neural network based model predictive control scheme is presented for a nonlinear pH neutralization process. The process gain observed from the pH titration curves can vary thousand folds. In this work, control of a pH neutralization process is established by performing the following tasks: (i) development of three neural network models, (ii) tuning the multiple neural networks using a novel real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), and (iii) design of a multi-model predictive controller (MPC). The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a wastewater neutralization process. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme to control nonlinear processes.
Developing and Implementing a Telehealth Enhanced Interdisciplinary Pediatric Feeding Disorders Clinic: a Program Description and Evaluation

Pediatric feeding problems are highly prevalent in the general population and reportedly higher in populations of youth with disabilities. A variety of treatment approaches and settings have been explored yet challenges with generalization to home and community settings continue to be experienced. Telehealth enhanced interdisciplinary feeding services are one response to these challenges. This study described a model for outpatient feeding services serving clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities within a coordinated health care model through a telehealth enhanced clinic. Further a cost savings analysis demonstrated a savings in travel time and travel costs relevant to receiving services. Practical recommendations for practitioners who are interested in using telehealth enhanced services for pediatric feeding problems were discussed.
The Mathematics of Go to Telescopes.

Donald Teets (donald.teets@sdsmt.edu) received his Doctor of Arts degree from Idaho State University in 1988 and has taught at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology since then. His research interests lie in the intersection of mathematics, history, and astronomy. He received the Carl B. Allendoerfer writing award from the MAA in 2000 for an article on the astronomical work of Gauss, and the Burton W. Jones Distinguished Teaching Award from the Rocky Mountain Section of the MAA in 2004. When he is not doing mathematics, he enjoys backpacking, cross-country skiing, mountain biking, and rock climbing.
Opinion: The proposed change to the definition of "waters of the United States" flouts sound science.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers (hereafter, “the agencies”) have issued a proposed rule (1) that would remove Clean Water Act (CWA) protections from more than half of wetlands and one-fifth of streams in the United States (2). This move sharply contrasts with reports indicating that US waters remain threatened by storms, droughts, contaminants, algal blooms, and other stressors. Even the EPA’s National Water Quality Inventory detected poor conditions in 46% of stream and river miles and 32% of wetlands (3). In short, the proposed rule does not reflect the best-available science and, if enacted, will damage our nation’s water resources. A proposed rule under consideration by the US federal government does not reflect the best-available science and, if enacted, will damage the nation’s water resources. Image credit: Shutterstock/Martha Marks. Despite the CWA’s mandate “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters” (4), controversy persists over jurisdiction. For decades, the protected “waters of the United States” (WOTUS) included traditionally navigable waters (TNWs), such as large rivers, lakes, and territorial seas, as well as waters meaningfully connected to or affecting the integrity of TNWs. Operationalizing this connection has become a flashpoint for the science and politics of water protection. Connectivity among waterbodies was the cornerstone of the Obama administration’s Clean Water Rule (CWR), which reflected a state-of-the-science synthesis of more than 1,200 scientific publications [known as the “Connectivity Report” (5)], input from 49 experts, and a rigorous review by a 25-member panel of the EPA’s Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) (6). Since then, scientific evidence supporting the 2015 CWR, and hence contradicting the new proposal, has only accumulated, especially as related intermittent (i.e., flow seasonally) and ephemeral (i.e., flow periodically, after precipitation events) streams, riparian and floodplain zones, and non-floodplain wetlands … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sullivan.191{at}osu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Coded-Wire Tag Sampling: The Case for Electronic-Field Detection

A clipped adipose fin served as an effective external mark indicating presence of a coded-wire tag (CWT) in salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) from the 1960s until the mid 1990s when hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest began mass marking released fish with an adipose fin clip, but not necessarily a CWT. Since then, many CWT sampling programs of commercial fisheries have transitioned to electronic-field detection, while others are still visual-field only, examining snouts from all adipose-clipped salmon, even those without CWTs. Because some CWT salmon are released from hatcheries without any external marks, visual-field only programs also fail to sample these CWTs. In 2012, we used electronic tag detection at a processing plant in Kodiak, Alaska, to scan 1,201 Chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha) caught as bycatch in the US North Pacific groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Chinook salmon bycatch were also electronically scanned in partnerships with private industry: 3,713 salmon in the 2013–2016 US rockfish fishery in the central GOA, and 611 salmon in testing of salmon excluder devices in 2013 in the central GOA groundfish fisheries. Electronic-field detection increased CWT recovery rates by 20–24% over visual-field detection of adipose-clipped Chinook salmon, and an estimated 64–74% of adipose-clipped Chinook salmon sampled had no CWTs. Visual-field only CWT sampling programs may unnecessarily process large numbers of untagged, adipose-clipped salmon while also recovering fewer CWTs than comparable electronic sampling programs.
Evaluating deciduous tree leaves as biomonitors for ambient particulate matter pollution in Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution varies spatially and temporally in concentration and composition and has been shown to cause or exacerbate adverse effects on human and ecological health. Biomonitoring using airborne tree leaf deposition as a proxy for particulate matter (PM) pollution has been explored using a variety of study designs, tree species, sampling strategies, and analytical methods. In the USA, relatively few have applied these methods using co-located fine particulate measurements for comparison and relying on one tree species with extensive spatial coverage, to capture spatial variation in ambient air pollution across an urban area. Here, we evaluate the utility of this approach, using a spatial saturation design and pairing tree leaf samples with filter-based PM2.5 across Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with the goal of distinguishing mobile and stationary sources using PM2.5 composition. Co-located filter and leaf-based measurements revealed some significant associations with traffic and roadway proximity indicators. We compared filter and leaf samples with differing protection from the elements (e.g., meteorology) and PM collection time, which may account for some variance in PM source and/or particle size capture between samples. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to use deciduous tree leaves from a single tree species as biomonitors for urban PM2.5 pollution in the northeastern USA.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Re(III) and Re(V) Fischer Carbenes

Direct insertion of CO and isocyanides, RNC, into Re–R bonds results in high-oxidation-state acyl and iminoacyl complexes that can be treated with an electrophile to generate rare examples of rheni...
Gut Microbiome Critically Impacts PCB-induced Changes in Metabolic Fingerprints and the Hepatic Transcriptome in Mice.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitously detected and have been linked to metabolic diseases. Gut microbiome is recognized as a critical regulator of disease susceptibility; however, little is known how PCBs and gut microbiome interact to modulate hepatic xenobiotic and intermediary metabolism. We hypothesized the gut microbiome regulates PCB-mediated changes in the metabolic fingerprints and hepatic transcriptome. Ninety-day-old female conventional and germ-free mice were orally exposed to the Fox River Mixture (synthetic PCB mixture, 6 or 30 mg/kg) or corn oil (vehicle control, 10 ml/kg), once daily for 3 consecutive days. RNA-seq was conducted in liver, and endogenous metabolites were measured in liver and serum by LC-MS. Prototypical target genes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, pregnane X receptor, and constitutive androstane receptor were more readily upregulated by PCBs in conventional conditions, indicating PCBs, to the hepatic transcriptome, act partly through the gut microbiome. In a gut microbiome-dependent manner, xenobiotic, and steroid metabolism pathways were upregulated, whereas response to misfolded proteins-related pathways was downregulated by PCBs. At the high PCB dose, NADP, and arginine appear to interact with drug-metabolizing enzymes (ie, Cyp1-3 family), which are highly correlated with Ruminiclostridium and Roseburia, providing a novel explanation of gut-liver interaction from PCB-exposure. Utilizing the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures L1000 database, therapeutics targeting anti-inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways are predicted to be remedies that can mitigate PCB toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that habitation of the gut microbiota drives PCB-mediated hepatic responses. Our study adds knowledge of physiological response differences from PCB exposure and considerations for further investigations for gut microbiome-dependent therapeutics.
Indigenous Persistence in the Colonized Americas: Material and Documentary Perspectives on Entanglement.: Edited by HEATHER LAW PEZZAROSSI and RUSSELL N. SHEPTAK. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Vii + 250 pp., maps, illustrations, bibliography, and index. $75.00 (HB). ISBN 9780826360427.

In this collection of essays edited by Heather Law Pezzarossi and Russell N. Sheptak, archeologists and anthropologists seek to reconceptualize how scholars have often misconceived the history, ant...
Classifying decorrelation events hidden beneath scattering media via SPAD array detection

We present a technique to detect and classify different spatiotemporal dynamic events within thick (5mm) and rapidly decorrelating (10-4s) scattering media using a SPAD array and an unsupervised deep embedding algorithm.
Smith & Wesson: A Big Shot at Security?

An investment analyst at River Capital, LLC, an East Coast hedge fund, is researching Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation (S&W) as a potential investment opportunity. The analyst had become interested in S&W when the company announced the acquisition of Universal Safety Response, Inc. (USR). The USR deal represented a significant investment for S&W and therefore created an opportunity for the company to become either undervalued or overvalued by the market. Excerpt UVA-F-1665 May 25, 2012 SMITH & WESSON: A BIG SHOT AT SECURITY? By July 3, 2009, Ben Mackovak already had devoted countless hours researching Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation (S&W) as a potential investment opportunity. With 2009 sales of more than $ 300 million, S&W was one of the world's leading manufacturers of firearms (see Exhibit 2 and Exhibit 3 for financial statements). Mackovak, an investment analyst at River Capital, LLC, an East Coast hedge fund, had become interested in S&W when the company announced the acquisition of Universal Safety Response, Inc. (USR). The USR deal represented a significant investment for S&W and therefore created an opportunity for the company to become either undervalued or overvalued by the market. The acquisition had been announced on June 18, and S&W's 2009 financial statements had just been released on June 30, so now it was time for Mackovak to make his decision about the company. Was USR a good investment for S&W? Did USR's numbers add up? The stock market had reacted strongly at first to the acquisition announcement, and S&W's stock price jumped 22% ($ 4.93 to $ 6.03) before it dropped to its current price of $ 5.58 (Exhibit 1). The question for Mackovak was whether the market was correctly assessing the value added of USR to S&W. Should Mackovak recommend the investment for River Capital at $ 5.58 per share? Company History . . .
Transient peripheral vestibular hypofunction measured with vestibular short-latency evoked potentials following noise exposure in rats

Exposure to 120 decibel sound pressure level (dB SPL) band-limited noise results in delayed onset latency and reduced vestibular short-latency evoked potential (VsEP) responses. These changes are s...
Ozone-induced alterations in collagen metabolism of rat lungs: II. Long-term exposures

Abstract Rats were exposed to 0.5 ppm of ozone delivered for 23.5 hr per day for up to 180 days. One group of rats was allowed to breathe filtered air for about 2 months after the conclusion of the exposure. Lung collagen and total-protein synthesis rates were quantitated by biochemical analyses performed with lung minces. Other lung lobes from the same rats were used to quantitate collagen and total protein content. Increased levels of lung protein and of lung collagen (hydroxyproline) content were observed at all times sampled during exposure to ozone (3, 30, 50, 88, 180 days); the observed lung hydroxyproline content at 180 days persisted during the 2 months of postexposure recovery. Collagen synthesis rates measured in lung minces were elevated in the exposed rats at all times sampled, consistent with the observed increased lung collagen content seen throughout the study. The observed biochemical changes were consistent with concurrent morphological observations of the occurrence of mild pulmonary fibrosis.
A Failure of Modernization: Police Reform, The “Common Good,” and Serfdom In Eighteenth-Century Russia

For Russian subjects not locked away in their villages and thereby subject almost exclusively to landlord control, administration in the eighteenth century increasingly took the form of the police. And as part of the bureaucracy of governance, the police existed within the constructions of the social order—as part of social relations and their manifestations through political control. This article investigates the social and mental structures—the habitus—in which the actions of policing took place to provide a better appreciation of the difficulties of reform and modernization. Eighteenthcentury Russia shared in the European discourse on the common good, the police, and social order. But whereas Michel Foucault and Michael Ignatieff see police development in Europe with its concern to surveil and discipline emerging from incipient capitalism and thus a product of new, post-Enlightenment social forces, the Russian example demonstrates the power of the past, of a habitus rooted in Muscovy. Despite Peter's and especially Catherine's well-intended efforts, Russia could not succeed in modernization, for police reforms left the enserfed part of the population subject to the whims of landlord violence, a reflection, in part, of Russia having yet to make the transition from the feudal manorial economy based on extra-economic compulsion to the capitalist hired-labor estate economy. The creation of true centralized political organization—the creation of the modern state as defined by Max Weber—would require the state's domination over patrimonial jurisdiction and landlord control over the police. That necessitated the reforms of Alexander II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
An investigation of yield surfaces based on dislocation mechanics—II: Application

Abstract The yield criterion and hardening law proposed in Part I are used to calculate the first and second subsequent yield surfaces of aluminium. The obtained yield surfaces exhibit the following features: They shrink in the direction of prestressing, they show a rounded vertex near the prestress point, they become inflated on the side of prestress and deflated on the opposite side, and finally they may exclude the origin.
FULL LENGTH AND ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED PGP1 TRANSCRIPTS IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CHINESE HAMSTER LUNG CELLS

In an effort to better understand the preferential resistance to actinomycin D displayed by the multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster lung cell line DC-3F/ADX, we have cloned from those cells a number of cDNAs representing p-glycoprotein gene transcripts. Of the 12 clones isolated, all represent pgp1 transcripts and one, pADX165, contains a 4304-base pair insert with an open reading frame encoding a 1276-amino acid protein that is the homolog of the mouse mdr3/mdr1a gene product. A domain by domain comparison of this protein with p-glycoproteins capable of supporting multidrug resistance, i.e. human mdr1, mouse mdr1/mdr1b, and mouse mdr3/mdr1a, shows that, in addition to the ATP binding sites, the second, fourth, and eleventh transmembrane domains and the four small intracellular loops, IC-1, IC-2, IC-4, and IC-5, are highly conserved and are therefore likely to be important for the maintenance of p-glycoprotein function. Of the remaining 11 cDNA clones, 9 were found to be truncated versions of pADX165. Two others, however, pADX185 and pADX124, contained internal deletions resulting in open reading frames capable of encoding lnovel forms of p-glycoprotein. S1 nuclease and RNase protection analysis demonstrated that these cDNAs represent transcripts present in a number of different multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster lung cell lines. Hence, both are considered to be splicing variants of the hamster pgp1 gene primary transcript.
Update on Future Environmental Issues that will Impact your Industry for the PEI Environmental, Safety and Health Committee

The Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) has proposed new limits occupational exposure to hexavalent chrome (Cr + 6 ) in dusts, mists and fumes. The current permissible exposure limit (PEL) standard, 52 micrograms per cubic meter could be reduced to 1 microgram per cubic meter with an activation level of 0.5 micrograms per cubic meter. These proposed levels will impact porcelain enamel plants and suppliers of materials. The levels proposed are based on a "conservative model" with industry proposing 10 to 25 micrograms per cubic meter and unions suggesting less than 0.25 micrograms per cubic meter. The new lower levels are considered technically difficult to measure. Final rules after comments are to be published in January 2006 if there are no delays.
Discrete decompositions for bilinear operators and almost diagonal conditions

This is the published version, also available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-01-02912-9. First published in Transaction of American Mathematical Society in 2002, published by the American Mathematical Society.
Microstructural Observations of α-Quartz Amorphization

Solid-state amorphization is a transformation that has been observed in a growing number of materials. Microscopic observations indicate that amorphization of a-quartz begins with formation of crystallographically controlled planar defects and is followed by growth of amorphous silicon dioxide at these defect sites. Similar transformation microstructures are found in quartz upon quasihydrostatic and nonhydrostatic compression in a diamond-anvil cell to 40 gigapascals and from simple comminution. The results suggest that there is a common mechanism for solid-state amorphization of silicates in static and shock high-pressure experiments, meteorite impact, and deformation by tectonic processes. In general, these results are consistent with recently proposed shear instability models of amorphization.
Dynein-deficient flagella respond to increased viscosity with contrasting changes in power and recovery strokes

Changes in the flagellar waveform in response to increased viscosity were investigated in uniflagellate mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We hypothesized that the waveforms of mutants lacking different dynein arms would change in different ways as viscosity was increased, and that these variations would illuminate the feedback pathways from force to dynein activity. Previous studies have investigated the effects of viscosity on cell body motion, propulsive force, and power in different mutants, but the effect on waveform has not yet been fully characterized. Beat frequency decreases with viscosity in wild-type uniflagellate (uni1) cells, and outer dynein arm deficient (oda2) mutants. In contrast, the inner dynein arm mutant ida1 (lacking I1/f) maintains beat frequency at high viscosity but alters its flagellar waveform more than either wild-type or oda2. The ida1 waveform is narrower than wild-type, primarily due to an abbreviated recovery stroke; this difference is amplified at high viscosity. The oda2 mutant in contrast, maintains a consistent waveform at high and low viscosity with a slightly longer power stroke than wild-type. Analysis of the delays and shear displacements between bends suggest that direct force feedback in the outer dynein arm system may initiate switching of dynein activity. In contrast, I1/f dynein appears to delay switching, most markedly at the initiation of the power stroke, possibly by controlling inter-doublet separation.
Strabismus and Micro-Opsoclonus in Machado-Joseph Disease

We describe novel deficits of gaze holding and ocular alignment in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). Twelve MJD patients were studied. Clinical assessments and quantitative ocular alignment measures were performed. Eye movements were quantitatively assessed with corneal curvature tracker and video-oculography. Strabismus was seen in ten MJD patients. Four patients had mild to moderate intermittent exotropia, three had esotropia, one had skew deviation, one had hypotropia, and one patient had moderate exophoria. Three strabismic patients had V-pattern. Near point of convergence was normal in two out of three patients with exotropia. Gaze holding deficits were also common. Eight patients had gaze-evoked nystagmus, and five had micro-opsoclonus. Other ocular motor deficits included saccadic dysmetria in eight patients, whereas all had saccadic interruption of smooth pursuit. Strabismus and micro-opsoclonus are common in MJD. Coexisting ophthalmoplegia or vergence abnormalities in our patients with exotropia that comprised 50 % of the cohort could not explain the type of strabismus in our patients. Therefore, it is possible that involvement of the brainstem, the deep cerebellar nuclei, and the superior cerebellar peduncle are the physiological basis for exotropia in these patients. Micro-opsoclonus was also common in MJD. Brainstem and deep cerebellar nuclei lesion also explains micro-opsoclonus, whereas brainstem deficits can describe slow saccades seen in our patients with MJD.
Cruising for sex in public places: The structure and language of men's hidden, erotic worlds

This paper examines the normative and cultural structure of settings used by men who have sex with men to locate, negotiate, and consummate casual, same‐sex sexual encounters. Based on in‐depth interviews with men who frequent such locations throughout the Midwest, this paper describes and explains the rituals of such men and how “cruising” (seeking sexual partners, often in public places) behaviors are learned and put into practice. The ways that sexual encounters are negotiated are explored and explained.
Platelets and Surface‐Mediated Clotting Activity

Summary. In contrast to previously reported studies, no evidence could be adduced for the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by platelets, whether or not these cells had been incubated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Intracoronary interferon-γ accellerates cardiac allograft rejection in miniature swine

Purpose: The effect of interferon(IFN) on allograft rejection remains controversial. Some have proposed that IFNhas a protective effect on the microcirculation of allografts, while others have shown IFNto be deleterious. We investigated the effects of intracoronary IFNon cardiac rejection in a preclinical large animal model. Methods: MHC class I disparate hearts were heterotopically transplanted into swine treated with a 12-day course of cyclosporine (10-14mg/kg/day) (n 3). An Alzet osmotic mini-pump delivered IFNinto the coronary vasculature at a rate of 100ng/day. Control recipients were treated with a similar course of cyclosporine but without IFN(n 3). Results: Swine treated with IFNdeveloped an earlier onset of high grade acute rejection as compared to controls, and rejected their allografts in 19 days vs. 46 days for controls (p 0.02). Elastin staining of the cytokine treated allografts showed severe endothelialitis and intimal thickening as early as POD 13. Conclusion: The delivery of IFNinto the coronary circulation of cardiac allografts appears to accelerate both acute and chronic rejection. Targeting IFNin antirejection regimens may ameliorate both of these processes.
Determining medium range order by powder diffraction

The method of atomic pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder diffraction data, applied to the study of short-to-medium range atomic order in crystalline solids, is described. In real crystalline materials local atomic order is sometimes significantly different from the long range crystallographic lattice structure, due to lattice defects or some other local effects. While various physical properties are affected by such short and intermediate range order, there is not a wealth of experimental methods that can effectively characterize the local atomic order. We suggest that the PDF method coupled with the real space analysis is one of the most effective tools for this purpose.
Traditional Economy of the Herder-Horticulturists of South Iran

The traditional ecological adaptation of the herder-horticulturists of South Iran represents a distinct pattern of subsistence and a different type of adaptation. Being neither pastoral nomads nor sedentary agriculturists, their economy is maintained by a combination of herding (mainly goats) and cultivation of semi-wild orchards and rose bushes on the high altitudes, without the use of irrigation. This study is predominantly based on the field-work materials recorded during several years in the late 1980s.
Consumer and provider attitudes toward dentist and expanded auxiliary functions.

Attitudes of dental health professionals and consumers toward expanded duties auxiliaries were examined in this Massachusetts survey. Surveyed groups of dentists, auxiliaries, students, and consumers perceived significant differences between cavity preparation by the dentist and by the auxiliary. Respondents were more positive toward cavity restoration by both dentists and auxiliaries. For the taking of radiographs, the respondents perceived no difference between the two operators.
From Swoosh to Swoon: Linguistic Analysis of Nike's Changing Image

Our research models one way in which linguistic theory can be applied to the study of business communication. Specifically, we use linguistic theory to analyze how Nike's image is created through internal and external forms of communication. We find a parallel use of positive images in communication created by both Nike and the media from the early 1980s to the late 1990s and a divergence of images when Nike is accused of labor violations. Introducing language analysis challenges busi ness students to assess carefully the structure of business communication in order to evaluate the reality behind the image.
Susceptibility in vitro of Epstein-Barr Virus to myristoylated-peptide.

The anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) myristoylated-peptide (M.W. 916.2 Da) is a natural product isolated from Heliothis virescens insect larval hemolymph (blood) that essentially has no cytotoxicity against human foreskin fibroblast cells. A (3 methyl only) version (M.W. 902.2 Da) of the structure was synthesized and tested for in vitro anti-EBV activity and cytotoxicity. The N-terminal end is lipophilic and used to get the compound across the cell membrane. The C-terminal end with its ring-shaped structures is likely used to inhibit DNA synthesis. The synthetic compound inhibited DNA synthesis/replication of EBV in Akata cells (B-lymphocyte from Burkitt's lymphoma patient) in in vitro tissue culture. A DNA hybridization assay for anti-EBV activity using the Akata B-cell and two cytotoxicity assays using human foreskin fibroblast cells were done with the synthetic peptide. Effective concentration (EC90) at 20 μM inhibited viral replication by 90%. The EBV, known as Human Herpesvirus-4 (HHV-4) of the Herpesviridae family, has been described as a cancer-promoting double-stranded DNA virus that may also be involved in autoimmune disease. There are no antiviral drugs in clinical use for diseases caused by the EBV.
Modeling of solid–liquid fluidization in the stokes flow regime using two-phase flow theory

Two-phase theory is applied to solid–liquid fluidization in the Stokes flow regime. Because inertial terms can be neglected in the Stokes flow regime, the momentum balances are simplified to an algebraic relation between drag, buoyant, and diffusive forces. The resulting convection-dispersion model is then applied to an experimental expanded-bed adsorption system. Two flows are investigated, namely, step changes in the fluidization velocity and step changes in the fluid properties. Experimental data and model simulations are in excellent agreement for both flow configurations. Furthermore, the two-phase model provides an accurate prediction of the observed time delay in bed expansion for step changes in fluid properties, as well as a mechanistic explanation for its observation.
Endogenous and Environmental Factors Influence the Dietary Fractionation of 13C and 15N in Hissing Cockroaches Gromphadorhina portentosa

Abstract Since DeNiro and Epstein’s discovery that the 13C and 15N isotopic signatures of animals approximate those of their respective diets, the measurement of stable isotope signatures has become an important tool for ecologists studying the diets of wild animals. This study used Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) to examine several preexisting hypotheses about the relationship between the isotopic composition of an animal and its diet. Contrary to my predictions, the results revealed that the tissues of adult cockroaches raised for two generations on a diet of known isotopic composition did not demonstrate enrichment of heavy stable isotopes. Moreover, the 15N signatures of cockroaches were neither influenced by periods of rapid growth (i.e., 300‐fold increase in dry body mass over 120 d) nor by imposed periods of starvation lasting up to 80 d. The offspring born to mothers raised on known diets were enriched in 15N. Diet‐switching experiments showed that turnover times of 13C ...
Human Papillomavirus DNA in a Recurrent Squamous Carcinoma of the Eyelid

• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular technique that amplifies specific target DNA sequences in vitro to facilitate identification of DNA. We have applied the PCR to a recurrent infiltrating, well-differentiated squamous carcinoma from the right lower eyelid of a 37-year-old woman. With primers specific for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA, PCR yielded a single band of amplified DNA product. The product was positive, with a radiolabeled HPV type 16 probe on dot blot analysis. The presence of HPV type 16 viral DNA in this recurrent squamous carcinoma of the eyelid has implications with regard to the possible origin, treatment, and prognosis of the tumor.
Comment on “Hy‐wire measurements of atmospheric potential” by R. H. Holzworth

It is shown that the Hy-wire fluctuations in atmospheric potential measured by Holzworth (1983) were not changes in the global circuit. The close association between the Hy-wire potential variations and meteorological changes, as well as the lack of correlation between the potential and the Carnegie curve, indicates that the tethered balloon measurements were responding to local meteorological factors. The abnormally high potentials and the reversed curvature of the potential profiles suggest that the Hy-wire apparatus was not measuring atmospheric potentials accurately.
Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin Tone Distortion: A Content Analysis of Rap Music Videos

A content analysis of rap music videos aired on BET, MTV, and VH1 examined the occurrence of controversial themes, gender differences, and skin tone distortion. The results of this study found that current rap music videos have placed an emphasis on themes of materialism and misogyny. Additionally, men and women in the videos differ in their portrayal of these themes. Specifically, female characters are significantly more likely to appear as objects of sexuality. Men and women also differ in their appearance with more African American females appearing to have Eurocentric features. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Indirect exchange via spin-orbit coupled states

Abstract We find new terms are present in the interaction Hamiltonian for indirect exchange when we include the spin-orbit splitting of intermediate states in calculating the exchange. These terms are necessary to properly fit the Curie point data on a series of rare-earth intermetallic compounds.
The directed motion construction in Swedish

This paper introduces a Swedish construction, called THE DIRECTED MOTION CONSTRUCTION (DMC). The DMC is parallel to the English WAY construction, which has recently received considerable attention in a debate comparing constructions to lexical rules. The DMC is very productive, and must therefore be taken seriously by any grammatical theory. This paper gives a detailed description of the DMC, and formalizes it in two ways: as a construction and as a lexical rule. Although both formalizations are possible, the construction more straightforwardly captures the most interesting aspect of the DMC: the fact that the overall meaning cannot be tied to any one of its individual parts.
The olfactory granule cell: From classical enigma to central role in olfactory processing

The granule cell of the olfactory bulb was first described by Golgi in 1875 and Cajal and his contemporaries in the 1890s as an enigmatic cell without an axon, whose status as a nerve cell was questionable. Insight into its functions began in the 1960s with evidence that it acted as an interneuron to mediate powerful inhibition of mitral cells. The circuit was found to involve dendrodendritic synapses for activation by mitral cell lateral dendrites of the granule cell dendritic spines and inhibition of the same and neighboring mitral cell lateral dendrites. Subsequent studies established the roles of glutamatergic receptors and GABAergic receptors in this circuit. The lateral inhibition is believed to be involved in contrast enhancement between mitral cells responding to different odor molecules. Current studies are analysing how the lateral inhibition can be mediated over arbitrary distances between columns of granule cells through action potential propagation in the mitral cell secondary dendrites. Among other important properties, granule cells undergo neurogenesis from precursor cells throughout adult life. This originally enigmatic cell thus appears to play a critical role in olfactory processing.
Association of villin with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates the actin cytoskeleton.

Abstract Villin, an epithelial cell actin-binding protein, severs actin in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies report that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) regulates actin severing by villin, presumably by interaction with villin. However, direct association of villin with PIP2 has never been characterized. In this report, we presented mutational analysis to identify the PIP2-binding sites in villin. Villin (human) binds PIP2 with a Kd of 39.5 μm, a stoichiometry of 3.3, and a Hill coefficient of 1. We generated deletion mutants of villin lacking putative PIP2-binding sites and examined the impact of these mutations on PIP2 binding and actin dynamics. Our analysis revealed the presence of three PIP2-binding sites, two in the amino-terminal core and one in the carboxyl-terminal headpiece of human villin. Synthetic peptides analogous with these sites confirmed the binding domains. Circular dichroism and quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence revealed a significant conformational change in these peptides ensuing in their association with PIP2. By using site-directed mutagenesis (arginine 138 to alanine), we demonstrated the presence of an identical F-actin and PIP2-binding site in the capping and severing domain of villin. In contrast, the mutants lysine 822 and 824 to alanine demonstrated the presence of an overlapping F-actin and PIP2-binding site in the actin cross-linking domain of villin. Consistent with this observation, association of villin with PIP2 inhibited the actin capping and severing functions of villin and enhanced the actin bundling function of villin. Our studies revealed that structural changes induced by association with PIP2 could regulate the actin-modifying functions of villin. This study provided biochemical proof of the functional significance of villin association with PIP2 and identified the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of actin dynamics by villin and PIP2.