cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression in Parp1 Deficient Mice Exposed to a Median Lethal Dose of Gamma Rays

There is a current interest in the development of biodosimetric methods for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in the wake of a large-scale radiological event. This work was initially focused on determining the exposure dose to an individual using biological indicators. Gene expression signatures show promise for biodosimetric application, but little is known about how these signatures might translate for the assessment of radiological injury in radiosensitive individuals, who comprise a significant proportion of the general population, and who would likely require treatment after exposure to lower doses. Using Parp1–/– mice as a model radiation-sensitive genotype, we have investigated the effect of this DNA repair deficiency on the gene expression response to radiation. Although Parp1 is known to play general roles in regulating transcription, the pattern of gene expression changes observed in Parp1–/– mice 24 h postirradiation to a LD50/30 was remarkably similar to that in wild-type mice after exposur...
Feature-based sparse angle tomography reconstruction for dynamic characterization of bio-cellular materials

We present a high-temporal resolution 4D-XCT with feature-based iterative reconstruction method(FBIR) by imposing feature priors in the reconstruction process. The 4D reconstruction is acquired through an iterative minimization of the cost function which is obtained by combining the forward model and multiple structural featurebased priors. The scheme is applied to the study of the mechanical response of a porous structure (sea urchin spines), which achieves high temporal resolution and demonstrates robustness against noise, limited views and motion induced blurring.
Classifying tumors by supervised network propagation.

Motivation Network propagation has been widely used to aggregate and amplify the effects of tumor mutations using knowledge of molecular interaction networks. However, propagating mutations through interactions irrelevant to cancer leads to erosion of pathway signals and complicates the identification of cancer subtypes. Results To address this problem we introduce a propagation algorithm, Network-Based Supervised Stratification (NBS2), which learns the mutated subnetworks underlying tumor subtypes using a supervised approach. Given an annotated molecular network and reference tumor mutation profiles for which subtypes have been predefined, NBS2 is trained by adjusting the weights on interaction features such that network propagation best recovers the provided subtypes. After training, weights are fixed such that mutation profiles of new tumors can be accurately classified. We evaluate NBS2 on breast and glioblastoma tumors, demonstrating that it outperforms the best network-based approaches in classifying tumors to known subtypes for these diseases. By interpreting the interaction weights, we highlight characteristic molecular pathways driving selected subtypes. Availability and implementation The NBS2 package is freely available at: https://github.com/wzhang1984/NBSS. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aerospace applications. II. Planetary Exploration Missions (Orbiters, Landers, Rovers and Probes)

Publisher Summary Batteries are essential components of spacecraft and provide their heartbeat either alone or in conjunction with an energy source. Solar arrays are usually preferred for inner and near planets or planetary objects, where sufficient solar intensity is available for many missions. The choice of power generation source influences the requirements for energy storage, which in turn dictates the selection of the battery system. For solar-powered missions, rechargeable battery systems with adequate life cycle are desirable for providing power during eclipse periods. For some radioisotope-powered missions, battery systems with high power and long calendar life are essential. This chapter deals with batteries used in planetary exploration missions. Three different types of batteries are used in such missions: primary, secondary, and thermal batteries. Primary batteries are expected to be rechargeable batteries in one-shot applications, owing to their higher specific energies, especially where there is no provision for recharge or when there is no energy source available. Rechargeable batteries are used in a spacecraft to provide power during launch and post-launch until the deployment of solar panels for firing pyros and rockets for attitude control, during cruise anomalies, for night time, for communication and data transmission, for keeping electronics warm, and for clocks. Thermal batteries are used to support a series of short-duration high-power pulses for firing pyros. These batteries have characteristically high power capability owing to the use of molten salt electrolytes, albeit with low specific energies.
How Do Managers Move Firm Value? Cash Flows vs. Expected Returns

Stock prices are mechanically driven by changes in either expected cash flows or discount rates (expected returns). Fundamentally firm values move with managerial decisions. We explore through which channel managers commonly affect their firms’ value. A variance decomposition analysis indicates that when managers have a greater degree of discretion – i.e., when CEO compensation and ownership are high, and in unregulated and heterogeneous industries – cash-flow news becomes significantly more important in driving stock returns, while expected - return news becomes significantly less important. This suggests that managers move firm value mainly by changing expected cash flows and not firm risk.
Bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor and stem cell biology and therapy

Abstract: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be readily expanded from a small amount of bone marrow aspirate, and are currently being used in clinical trials for treating many diseases. Although MSC possess prominent multi-lineage differentiation potential, this stem cell feature appears to contribute little to the observed therapeutic benefits. Instead, the ability of MSC to produce a broad spectrum of growth factors and cytokines plays a critical role in the revitalization and healing of host tissue. However, the source of MSC, the mechanism of stem cell action, treatment modality, and influence of host aging remain to be investigated, and these issues represent the focal points of the chapter.
Alcoholism treatment offset effects: a cost model.

Alcoholism treatment (AL) changes usage and/or spending on non-alcoholism treatment (NA). Yet there has been little economic analysis of the effect of AL on individuals' uses of health services and total health care costs. Our model yields both cost and usage impacts. A 1% increase in short-term AL events implies a 1.9% increase in costs; subsequent AL increases costs by .6%. A 1% increase in short-term NA events implies a 1.3% increase in costs; subsequent NA increases costs by 1.5%. Initiation of AL directly lowers NA, but indirectly increases NA usage (and hence, costs) in subsequent treatment. Overall, a 10% increase in AL leads to a 9.2% increase in health care costs.
Oxidation of SO2 in Clouds at Whiteface Mountain

In-cloud oxidation of SO2 byH2O2 was investigated using a tracertechnique based on SO2− 4/Se ratios atWhiteface Mountain, New York during summer months from1990 to 1998. Cloud water samples collected at themountain's summit (1.5 km above mean sea level) andaerosols at a below cloud site (Lodge) located at 0.6km amsl and in cloud interstitial air at the summitwere analyzed for SO2− 4 and selectedtrace elements. Gaseous SO2 andH2O2were measured in realtime. Cloud water pH wasgenerally below 5.0 with a mean value of 3.6. Theresults show that significant in cloud oxidation occursin clouds during summer months varying from belowdetection to 62% with on average approximately 24% ofthe cloud water SO2− 4 produced from in-situ SO2 oxidation. During summer the clouds wereoxidant limited for approximately one third of thetime.
Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Sensitization Alters the Synaptic Transcriptome and Exon Utilization in DBA/2J Mice.

Alcoholism is a complex behavioral disorder characterized by loss of control in limiting intake, and progressive compulsion to seek and consume ethanol. Prior studies have suggested that the characteristic behaviors associated with escalation of drug use are caused, at least in part, by ethanol-evoked changes in gene expression affecting synaptic plasticity. Implicit in this hypothesis is a dependence on new protein synthesis and remodeling at the synapse. It is well established that mRNA can be transported to distal dendritic processes, where it can undergo localized translation. It is unknown whether such modulation of the synaptic transcriptome might contribute to ethanol-induced synaptic plasticity. Using ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization as a model of neuroplasticity, we investigated whether repeated exposure to ethanol altered the synaptic transcriptome, contributing to mechanisms underlying subsequent increases in ethanol-evoked locomotor activity. RNAseq profiling of DBA/2J mice subjected to acute ethanol or ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization was performed on frontal pole synaptoneurosomes to enrich for synaptic mRNA. Genomic profiling showed distinct functional classes of mRNA enriched in the synaptic versus cytosolic fractions, consistent with their role in synaptic function. Ethanol sensitization regulated more than twice the number of synaptic localized genes compared to acute ethanol exposure. Synaptic biological processes selectively perturbed by ethanol sensitization included protein folding and modification as well as and mitochondrial respiratory function, suggesting repeated ethanol exposure alters synaptic energy production and the processing of newly translated proteins. Additionally, marked differential exon usage followed ethanol sensitization in both synaptic and non-synaptic cellular fractions, with little to no perturbation following acute ethanol exposure. Altered synaptic exon usage following ethanol sensitization strongly affected genes related to RNA processing and stability, translational regulation, and synaptic function. These genes were also enriched for targets of the FMRP RNA-binding protein and contained consensus sequence motifs related to other known RNA binding proteins, suggesting that ethanol sensitization altered selective mRNA trafficking mechanisms. This study provides a foundation for investigating the role of ethanol in modifying the synaptic transcriptome and inducing changes in synaptic plasticity.
All-Directions Through-the-Wall Imaging Using a Small Number of Moving Omnidirectional Bi-Static FMCW Transceivers

Through-the-wall radar imaging is a powerful tool for mapping buildings’ interiors and hidden objects behind the walls. Through-the-wall imaging systems require large linear arrays of directive antennas to form a large aperture for obtaining images with a high cross-range resolution. However, the low mobility and limited field of view of the conventional systems limit their imaging capability. The concept of all-directions through-the-wall imaging has recently been proposed to enhance the mobility, cross-range resolution, and field of view of the through-the-wall imaging systems. In this technique, the large linear array of directive antennas is replaced by a dense 2-D synthetic array formed by small moving transceivers utilizing omnidirectional antennas. The 2-D synthetic array provides 360° high cross-range resolution images. This paper focuses on the implementation of a system realizing all-directions through-the-wall imaging and measurement results. A bi-static frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system utilizing a simple wireless synchronization scheme and wideband omnidirectional antennas is fabricated and an image formation technique compatible with bi-static FMCW imaging system is presented. Measurement results show that the imaging system can provide 360° high-resolution image of objects and walls in a short time.
Resonance Analysis of Small Current Grounding System in Distribution Network

At present, there are a large number of arc suppression coil grounding mode in the low-voltage distribution network for the equipment insulation and power supply reliability considerations. The role of arc suppression coil grounding mode is when the grid single-phase ground fault occurs, arc suppression coil will provide inductor current to compensate the capacitor current. It is conducive to prevent the arc-reignition, to achieve the purpose of arc extinguishing, which will reduce the high amplitude over-voltage probability, to preventing further expansion of the accident. Engineering is generally used the overcompensation method for the wayto prevent the occurrence of resonance phenomenon. But, the capacitive current data used in the overcompensation method of the engineering are generally designed to be estimated based on recent or long-term loads and current equipment conditions. In the following years of substation operation, due to the rapid increase in load, the rapid expansion of the transmission line, the actual capacitor current is often quite different with the originally estimated one. Especially for large-scale urban distribution network with large number of cable or large-scale overhead lines to transform the cable, the design of the over-compensation mode of operation may no longer be established, become fully compensated or even under-compensation. Several obvious voltage waveform distortion of the actual distribution network is analyzed in this paper. The resonant energy spectrum of each phase is analyzed by MATLAB, and it is pointed out that the resonance of the voltage waveform is caused by the resonance of the zero sequence circuit. And use RTDS simulation system to modeling and analysis this situation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the actual waveforms, which will verified that the results of this paper are correct.
Is it possible to predict which bilingual speakers have switched language dominance? A discriminant analysis

Linguistic research on bilinguals has sometimes focused on either first vs. second acquired language or dominant vs. non-dominant language despite situations in which the dominant and first languag...
PaLA Virtual Journal Club: Providing Opportunities for Reflection, Improvement, and Connections

A journal club is one means for those in similar professions or practices to read, discuss, and keep up with professional literature with colleagues. Journal clubs are most frequently associated with the medical professions; however, many professionals, including librarians, can benefit from the reading of research and the subsequent discussions and camaraderie that a journal club can elicit. This article describes the launch of a statewide virtual journal club for librarians in Pennsylvania. Now in its third series, the Pennsylvania Library Association (PaLA) College & Research Division (CRD) journal club has given those who’ve participated the opportunity to designate time for professional reading, reflect on personal practice, discuss and exchange theoretical and practical ideas, and connect with librarians across the state.
Coronary Artery Anomaly in a High School Football Player – A Case Report

We present a case 17-year-old male Caucasian high school American football player who was diagnosed with an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the right coronary sinus after experiencing d...
Genomic Determinants of Clinical Outcomes in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Purpose: Increased availability of next-generation sequencing has allowed for the genomic characterization of a variety of pediatric tumors, although genomic determinants of response to treatment remain largely unknown. We sought to evaluate the genomic landscape and genomic determinants of clinical outcomes in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Experimental Design: Of 29,067 patients who underwent genomic profiling at our institution using a 468-gene oncopanel with complete records, 87 had RMS, of whom 22 were fusion positive. The 10 most common genetic alterations were associated with locoregional control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Tumor mutational burden (TMB), defined as the total number of somatic nonsynonymous mutations normalized to the number of sequenced megabases, was also associated with clinical outcomes. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 16.4 years and median follow-up, 2.1 years. Patients with fusion-negative RMS had more genomic alterations and a higher TMB than those with fusion-positive RMS (mean number of genomic alterations, 6.0 vs. 2.9; P = 0.007 and mean TMB, 2.6 vs. 1.0; P = 0.01). Genetic alterations in TP53 were associated with worse OS (P = 0.03). High TMB (defined as the top quartile ≥ 2.8) was associated with worse LC (P = 0.05), DFS (P = 0.04), and OS (P = 0.01), with significance retained on multivariable analysis after controlling for risk group, fusion status, and receipt of chemotherapy as per pediatric protocols. Conclusions: High TMB was associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with RMS. With further validation, TMB and other genomic classifiers may be combined with traditional clinicopathologic risk factors to guide risk stratification and ultimately treatment decisions.
Personalized ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Personalized computational modelling of optimal ablation targets on heart tissue guides the treatment of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.
How the brain pays attention to others' attention.

Humans and other primates have evolved skills to interpret and respond to highly complex social information. This ability is reflected in multiple cortical regions of the macaque brain devoted to the visual analysis of individuals (1, 2), actions (3, 4), and scenes (5). Beyond visual analysis, social perception engages brain areas that govern an observer's strategic examination of stimuli (6), for example directing attention to scene elements with the most relevant social information. Consider a monkey sneaking a cautious glance at a gathering of other monkeys (Fig. 1 A ). There exists information about many social variables: who is there, how they are feeling, why they are gathered, and what might happen next, to name a few. One's capacity to retrieve information is limited, and an observer must prioritize information that is of immediate relevance. How does the brain implement the selective attention to pertinent social information? An important clue comes from a recent electrophysiological study by Ramezanpour and Thier (7), who discovered that neurons in a specialized region of the macaque cerebral cortex become much more sensitive to the gaze direction of an observed face when the subject actively seeks that information. Fig. 1. ( A ) Natural scene of interacting baboons. Image courtesy of Pier Francesco Ferrari (photographer). ( B ) Description of the two tasks used by Ramezanpour and Thier. In both tasks, a macaque face was presented on the screen and four dots … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: leopoldd{at}mail.nih.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Health Café Series: a Potential Platform to Reduce Health Disparities.

To help bridge the increasing gap between health scientists/physicians and the community, we have developed a new seminar program-Health Cafe series. Health Cafe takes place in causal settings, is open to everyone, and features a keynote speaker regarding prevalent healthcare-related topics. Health Cafe topics are usually generated via community feedback and are coordinated in partnership with local nonprofit community organizations. The Health Cafe series is completely free, and no prior knowledge is required to attend seminars. We have been collaborating with a web of community organizations in the Hartford areas of Connecticut, especially among populations with health disparities. We believe our new Health Cafe series program would serve as a forum to reduce health disparities in the region.
How functional network connectivity changes as a result of lesion and recovery: An investigation of the network phenotype of stroke.

Abstract This study, through a series of univariate and multivariate (classification) analyses, investigated fMRI task-based functional connectivity (FC) at pre- and post-treatment time-points in 18 individuals with chronic post-stroke dysgraphia. The investigation examined the effects of lesion and treatment-based recovery on functional organization, focusing on both inter-hemispheric (homotopic) and intra-hemispheric connectivity. The work confirmed, in the chronic stage, the “network phenotype of stroke injury” proposed by Siegel et al. (2016) consisting of abnormally low inter-hemispheric connectivity as well as abnormally high intra-hemispheric (ipsilesional) connectivity. In terms of recovery-based changes in FC, this study found overall hyper-normalization of these abnormal inter and intra-hemispheric connectivity patterns, suggestive of over-correction. Specifically, treatment-related homotopic FC increases were observed between left and right dorsal frontal-parietal regions. With regard to intra-hemispheric connections, recovery was dominated by increased ipsilateral connectivity between frontal and parietal regions along with decreased connectivity between the frontal regions and posterior parietal-occipital-temporal areas. Both inter and intra-hemispheric changes were associated with treatment-driven improvements in spelling performance. We suggest an interpretation according to which, with treatment, as posterior orthographic processing areas become more effective, executive control from frontal-parietal networks becomes less necessary.
State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019.

ObjectiveLaw is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and po...
Preliminary indications that recombinant human IL-16 attracts and stimulates lymphocytes of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis implying an ancestral role for CD4 as a cytokine receptor.

Abstract The D1 domain of the CD4 co-receptor interacts with MHC class II during Helper CD4+ Th-cell activation and effector function in all gnathostomes but the sequence and structure of this region are not well conserved through phylogeny. Conversely, the proximal D4 domain of CD4 is the binding site of the cytokine IL-16 and is highly conserved, allowing for promiscuous binding of IL-16 to CD4 between disparate gnathostomes. We report here that recombinant human IL-16 (rhIL-16) bound to Xenopus lymphocytes to allow separation on a magnetic column. Incubation with rhIL-16 resulted in an increased expression of MHC class II mRNA by Xenopus CD8− cells more than by CD8+ cells. An in vivo assay demonstrated that rhIL-16 can recruit lymphocytes of Xenopus frogs. Our data suggest that a subset of Xenopus laevis lymphocytes express a CD4 homolog on their surface that is capable of binding IL-16. These results imply that CD4 most likely arose from a primordial cytokine receptor.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal and Infant Outcomes Among Opioid-Exposed Mother-Infant Dyads in Massachusetts (2017-2019).

Objectives. To examine the extent to which differences in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in pregnancy and infant neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) outcomes are associated with m...
Kirby's Rule of 20: the veterinary nurse's critical patient checklist part 4

Kirby's Rule of 20 is a patient checklist including 20 parameters that should be checked daily in the critically ill patient. It reviews the established evidence-based information regarding patient...
Information without knowledge: the effects of Internet search on learning

The Internet has radically shifted how people access information. Instead of storing information internally, increasingly, people outsource to the Internet and retrieve it when needed. While this is an efficient strategy in many ways, its downstream consequences remain largely unexplored. This research examines how accessing online information impacts how people remember information in a learning context. Across five experiments, participants studied for a quiz either by searching online to access relevant information or by directly receiving that same information without online search. Those who searched the Internet performed worse in the learning assessment, indicating that they stored less new knowledge in internal memory. However, participants who searched the Internet were as confident, or even more confident, that they had mastered the study material compared to those who did not search online. We argue that, by making information retrievability salient, Internet search reduces the likelihood of information being stored in memory. Further, these results suggest that searching online leads to the misattribution of online information to internal memory, thus masking the Internet-induced learning deficits.
Associations of housing stress with later substance use outcomes: A systematic review.

Abstract A synthesis of existing evidence regarding the association of housing stress with later substance use outcomes can help support and inform housing interventions as a potential strategy to address problematic substance use. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts and systematically screened for articles examining housing stress and later substance use outcomes among U.S. adults. Across 38 relevant articles published from 1991 to 2020, results demonstrated an association of homelessness with an increased likelihood of substance use, substance use disorders (SUD), and overdose death. Results regarding the association of homelessness with receipt and completion of SUD treatment were mixed, and one study indicated no association of homelessness with motivation to change substance use behaviors. Several studies did not find an association of unstable housing with substance use or receipt of SUD treatment, while others found an association of unstable housing with intensified SUD symptoms and a decreased likelihood of completing SUD treatment. Overall, while there is evidence of an association of homelessness with later substance use, SUD, and overdose death, results for other forms of housing stress and some substance use outcomes are less consistent. There are several methodological considerations specific to selected measures of housing stress and substance use, study populations, and analytic approaches that have implications for results and directions for future research. Despite these considerations, results collectively suggest that innovative interventions to address housing stress, namely homelessness, may help mitigate some substance use outcomes.
Pure Magnetic Dipole Radiation per Exact Maxwell Solution using Spherical Azimuthal Electric Current Shell

A recent investigation [1] has developed an exact analytic solution of the Maxwell equations for an antenna which is characterized by an electric current which flows azimuthally on an infinitely thin spherical shell with a density that scales with the angle of spherical elevation. The resulting form of the electro-magnetic (EM) fields can be expressed as a simple product of a small number of elemental functions, including spherical Bessel functions and standard harmonic functions, without the need for any infinite series in the final expressions. These EM fields are truly exact for all space, both interior and exterior to the spherical electric current shell, since no approximations are invoked involving the relative spatial scales of the sphere diameter, the EM wavelength, or the distance to an observation point.
EVALUATION OF VEHICLE DYNAMIC CONTROL FOR ROLOVER PREVENTION

Evaluation of active safely control systems usually relics heavily on Held testing and is time-consuming and costly. Advances in computer simulations make it possible to perform exhaustive design trials and evaluations before field testing, and promise to dramatically reduce development cost and cycle time. In this paper, a comprehensive simulation-based evaluation procedure is proposed, which combines standard evaluation maneuvers, worst-case techniques, and a driver model for closed-loop path following evaluations. A vehicle dynamic controller (VDC) for a popular Sport Utility Vehicle is evaluated using the proposed procedure. Simulation results show that the proposed procedure can be used to assess the performance of the VDC under various conditions and provides valuable information for the re-design of the VDC.
National Trends in the Performance of Robot-Assisted Sacral Colpopexy

Abstract Purpose: Robot-assisted sacral colpopexy (RASC) utilization trends and influencing factors were examined. RASCs were compared with nonrobotic vaginal suspension procedures (non-RASC) used to treat patients with vaginal prolapse. Hospital costs associated with each approach were also examined. The presence of certain factors may predict increased use of RASC. Methods: The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2009 to 2011 to identify patients undergoing RASC and non-RASC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate variables associated with RASC utilization, adjusting for age, comorbidities, concurrent procedures, hospital region, primary payer, and year. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate variables associated with hospital costs when adjusting for operative approach, concurrent procedures, comorbidities, presence of complications, hospital region, and year. Results: Of the 125,869 patients who underwent vaginal vault suspension of any type, 14,60...
The Promise and Threat of Climate Justice: Geographies of Resistance in the Context of Uneven Development

To examine the eclectic manner in which particular constituents of the environmental justice movement have sought to challenge myriad orthodox approaches to climate change we begin by considering some of the current empirical facets of the current crisis in the global economy. This is our starting point inasmuch as the ideological basis for solutions to the economic crisis are co-terminus with prescriptions for resolving the climate crisis. We move forward by tracing the ways in which, neoliberal economic doxa has been doubly prescribed, infected and inserted itself into both hegemonic economic and environmental policy-making. The extent to which this doxa has taken hold of environmental policy-making it has been utilized and promulgated by a wide variety of hegemonic or "establishment" environmentalists - to use the parlance of some scholars. As few global-scale infections (metaphorical or real) rarely occur without countermeasures, penultimately we examine the manner in which institutions and individuals supportive of and within the environmental justice movement have responded to the hegemonic environmental movement and its doxas. We focus on the countermeasures of the environmental justice movement in the form of two seemingly disparate yet related conferences and their outputs. We conclude by situating these countermeasures and the resultant conflicts within and against the emerging literature on novel forms and expressions of geographies of resistance.
Isolation and characterization of a Nocardiopsis sp. from honeybee guts.

Although actinomycetes are the plant-associated environmental bacteria best known for producing thousands of antibiotics, their presence in the guts of flower-feeding honeybees has rarely been reported. Here, we report on the selective isolation of actinomycetes from the gut microbiota of healthy honeybees, and their inhibitory activity against honeybee indigenous bacteria. More than 70% of the sampled honeybees (N>40) in a season carried at least one CFU of actinomycete. The isolates from bees of one location produced inhibitory bioactivities that were almost exclusively against several bee indigenous Bacillus strains and Gram-positive human pathogens but not Escherichia coli. An antibiotic-producing actinomycete closely related to Nocardiopsis alba was isolated from the guts in every season of the year. A DNA fragment encoding a homologous gene (phzD) involved in phenazine biosynthesis was identified in the isolate. Expression of the phzD detected by reverse transcription-PCR can explain the survival of this organism in anaerobic environments as some redox-active extracellular phenazines are commonly regarded as respiratory electron acceptors. The results raise important questions concerning the roles of the antibiotic-producing actinomycetes and the phenazine-like molecules in honeybee guts and honey.
Impact of comprehensive day treatment on societal participation for persons with acquired brain injury.

Abstract Malec JF. Impact of comprehensive day treatment on societal participation for persons with acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:885-95. Objectives: To evaluate comprehensive day treatment (CDT) for survivors of brain injury by time since injury and to identify outcome predictors. Design: Before and after. Setting: Rehabilitation center. Participants: Ninety-six program graduates; 17 dropouts with acquired brain injury. Interventions: Comprehensive Day Treatment Program: daily group sessions to build cognitive and behavioral skills through a transdisciplinary approach, supportive feedback, and a variety of therapeutic modalities. Obtained outcome measures before and after the program, and at 1-year follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome: Independent living status, vocational independence scale at program end and 1-year follow-up; and Rasch-analyzed Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-22) and goal attainment scaling (GAS) at program end. Predictors: age, education, severity of initial injury, time since injury, and preadmission MPAI-22. Results: Significant goal achievement on GAS and improvement on MPAI-22; increased societal participation at 1-year follow-up for those treated postacutely and many years after injury: 72% of graduates living independently; 39% working independently, 10% in transitional placements, and 18% in supported or volunteer work. Long-term outcomes were modestly related linearly to preadmission MPAI-22 and nonlinearly to time since injury. Conclusions: CDT improves societal participation even among persons with a long history of limited participation after brain injury. This de facto extended baseline analysis indicates the effectiveness of CDT and paves the way for randomized control trials of active treatment components. Relationships of predictors to outcomes are not sufficiently strong for patient selection. More effective interventions for vocational reintegration are needed for those most severely disabled after brain injury. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
A Medical Home Center: Specializing in the Care of Children with Special Health Care Needs of High Intensity

Objective Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) benefit from a medical home, however, a subset, those children with high intensity needs, have medical and social service issues beyond the capacity of most primary care practices. We describe a novel medical home center that is designed to meet the needs of children with special health care needs of high intensity (CSHCN-HI). Model of care The medical home center, U Special Kids (USK) is located at the University of Minnesota and affiliated with a tertiary medical center. USK serves CSHCN-HI throughout the state of Minnesota and, because of state supported funding for the program, children have access to the program regardless of their health insurance coverage. The team is expert at gathering an overall perspective of the child’s needs, identifying gaps, accessing services and weaving together the plethora of disparate services, agencies and providers. A major goal of this model is to transition care from USK to a primary care medical home within the child’s community. Transition is more likely to occur optimally once the child’s complex needs are organized, the family is trained, adequate management resources are in place, and the intensity of care coordination needs are reduced. Conclusions We propose that, in addition to a primary care medical home, CSHCN-HI benefit from a unique medical home center that can provide sufficient resources and expertise to organize their complex care coordination needs. Medical home centers, designed specifically to manage the care of children with complex high intensity medical and care coordination needs, have the potential to reduce excess health care utilization and improve patient outcomes by providing this group of children with customized, accessible and integrated services.
Photolithographically patterned smart hydrogel based bilayer actuators

Abstract We describe the fabrication of photopatterned actuators, composed of stimuli-responsive hydrogel bilayers made from N-isopropyl-acrylamide (NIPAm), acrylic acid (AAc), and poly-ethylene oxide diacrylate (PEODA). The hydrogels were deposited by spin coating and casting and were patterned by non-contact photolithography. We investigated the swelling behavior of the individual photopatterned hydrogels in aqueous solutions of varying pH and ionic strength (IS). By combining materials with optimal swelling responses, bilayer structures were triggered via changes in pH and IS to actuate into three dimensional (3D) structures. We also used these hydrogel bilayers as hinges to actuate integrated structures composed of rigid polymeric SU-8 panels, patterned to resemble the shape of a Venus Flytrap. This system provides a straightforward way to design and fabricate actuator hinges composed entirely of polymers.
Origins of Regioselectivity in the Reactions of α-Lactams with Nucleophiles. Two Distinct Acid-Catalyzed Pathways Involving O- and N-Protonation

Sterically stabilized α-lactams react by two distinct acid-catalyzed pathways. Protonation on oxygen results in nucleophilic attack at the acyl carbon and gives C-2 products. Protonation on nitrogen leads to nucleophilic attack at the C-3 carbon and yields C-3 products. The mechanism thus developed is very useful for understanding the changes in rates and product distributions in the reactions of sterically stabilized α-lactams with nucleophiles. It can also be extrapolated to other α-lactams so that a more coherent picture of α-lactam reactivity can be developed.
Predicting Crack Growth and Fatigue Lives of QFN Solder Joints Using a Multiscale Fracture Model

The hierarchal fracture process model is a theory derived from continuum thermodynamics and information theory. This single parameter model provides a non-empirical approach able to predict crack growth for solder interconnects regardless of package or solder interconnect geometry. The model relates inelastic dissipations to the probability of failure at a given material point. The hierarchal fracture process model is used to predict crack growth and fatigue lives in a package with atypical solder interconnect geometry: a quad-flat-no-lead (QFN) package. The fracture model uses the material parameter calibrated for Sn3.8wt%0.7wt%Cu solder in a previous study of wafer-level CSP packages. Finite element models of these packages are created in ABAQUS with the solder interconnects given full creep and plastic properties. The results obtained from the hierarchal fracture process model are validated against the experimentally obtained fatigue lives and cross-sectional images of the crack path.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Perhaps it would be better not to know everything.

The advent of statistical methods for evaluating the data of individual-subject designs invites a comparison of the usual research tactics of the group-design paradigm and the individual-subject-design paradigm. That comparison can hinge on the concept of assigning probabilities of Type 1 and Type 2 errors. Individual-subject designs are usually interpreted with implicit, very low probabilities of Type 1 errors, and correspondingly high probabilities of Type 1 errors, and correspondingly high probabilities of Type 2 errors. Group designs are usually interpreted with explicit, moderately low probabilities of Type 1 errors, and therefore with not such high probabilities of Type 2 errors as in the other paradigm. This difference may seem to be a minor one, considered in terms of centiles on a probability scale. However, when it is interpreted in terms of the substantive kinds of results likely to be produced by each paradigm, it appears that the individual-subject-design paradigm is more likely to contribute to the development of a technology of behavior, and it is suggested that this orientation should not be abandoned.
Liberating the "deviant" feminist image through education

A study was conducted testing the following hypothesis: Feminists are labeled as deviant or nondeviant depending on the audience's exposure to feminist education. Specifically tested was the assumption that there is a relationship between attitudes toward feminists and exposure to university courses on feminism. A questionnaire, measuring attitudes in retrospect, over a two-year time span, was administered to 99 students at a metropolitan mid-western university. Based on accessibility, four student groups were selectively chosen and then tested with the major variable under consideration, i.e., exposure (or lack of it) to consciousness-raising courses related to feminism. The results of t -test analysis indicate that the attitudes of students exposed to feminist courses changed in a more positive direction. The students not exposed to feminist courses already held positive feminist attitudes, although of a lesser degree. Thus, the labeling of feminist behavior as deviant or nondeviant did not solely depend on the audience's exposure to feminist education. However, there was a positive relationship between attitudes toward feminist behavior and exposure to university courses on feminism.
Present and Future in Fourth Gospel "Eschatology":

Readers of John's gospel meet an almost full eclipse of conventional end-time imagery. Yet, some eschatological statements do appear, often alongside others more typical of John which accent present fulfillment. This study examines the juxtaposition of present and future in the Fourth Gospel in relation to the characters in the narrative. Because John emphasizes the finality of Jesus as revealer and life-giver, there is no room for future qualification of what he effects in the present. And for the "world" aligned against the revealer, the future can add no verdict beyond that already rendered in the present in response to Jesus. But while for believers death has already given way to life, the challenge remains of "abiding" in that life granted by Jesus, and so final validation will come "at the last day." John's presentation of "eschatology" therefore proves to be both literarily and theologically coherent.
Electrocardiographic Leads: II. Analysis

In this second paper of a series of three on electrocardiographic leads, presented primarily from the standpoint of an electrical engineer or physicist, the concept of the lead field introduced in the first paper is considered in detail and several necessarily indirect methods for the estimation of these fields are presented.
Congenital toxoplasmosis: Current status of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Abstract Congenital toxoplasmosis, like congenital syphilis and perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection, usually is not apparent clinically in the newborn, and, because screening is seldom performed, the condition seldom is entertained as a diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women may prevent transplacental infection and avoid its clinical expression when the infant reaches young adulthood. New programs for screening and early diagnosis have awakened interest among pediatricians in early treatment of this infection. This article describes the parasite that causes the infection, Toxoplasma gondii; its epidemiology; the clinical manifestations of infection; diagnostic tests; treatment; and prevention. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures

Abstract Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing ...
The fifteenth level (keynote address)

The burgeoning workflow software industry did about $200 million business in the U.S. in 1993 and is expected to reach $2.5 billion in 1996. Workflow systems are based on a different conception of work than that on which the entire architecture of operating systems is based. The new conception of work is concerned with the fulfillment of commitments made between people, whereas operating systems treat work as the execution of computational tasks. (1)
Narrow $e^+ e^-$ Peaks in Heavy Ion Collisions as Possible Evidence of a Confining Phase of {QED}

We suggest that the correlated narrow-peak structures in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ spectra observed in heavy-ion collisions at GSI are due to the decay of a bound ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ system formed in a new phase of QED. We discuss the mass spectrum for this confined positronium system. Observation of correlated photons of energy \ensuremath{\lesssim}150 keV in the center-of-mass frame at GSI will be further evidence of this new phase, the existence of which has strong support from studies of lattice QED.
The Pentacovalent Phosphorus Intermediate of a Phosphoryl Transfer Reaction

Enzymes provide enormous rate enhancements, unmatched by any other type of catalyst. The stabilization of high-energy states along the reaction coordinate is the crux of the catalytic power of enzymes. We report the atomic-resolution structure of a high-energy reaction intermediate stabilized in the active site of an enzyme. Crystallization of phosphorylated beta-phosphoglucomutase in the presence of the Mg(II) cofactor and either of the substrates glucose 1-phosphate or glucose 6-phosphate produced crystals of the enzyme-Mg(II)-glucose 1,6-(bis)phosphate complex, which diffracted x-rays to 1.2 and 1.4 angstroms, respectively. The structure reveals a stabilized pentacovalent phosphorane formed in the phosphoryl transfer from the C(1)O of glucose 1,6-(bis)phosphate to the nucleophilic Asp8 carboxylate.
Aggregation over time, error correction models and Granger causality: A Monte Carlo investigation

Abstract Using Monte Carlo experiments, this paper documents the existence of Granger causality distortion in error correction models owing to aggregation over time. The distortion depends on the degree of cointegration, the data span, the sample size, and the type of aggregation.
Evolution of the pseudogap in a polarized Fermi gas

We calculate the single-particle spectral density of a normal (nonsuperfluid) two-component gas of fermions in the BCS-BEC crossover within a T-matrix approximation. We review how noncondensed pairs lead to a spectral density reminiscent of the ordered state, and explore how a gaplike feature in the spectrum evolves as one changes the polarization of the gas. As the gas is polarized, we find that this pseudogap becomes more diffuse and moves away from the Fermi level, reflecting the fact that fewer pairs are present but that they still play an important role in the excitations.