cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of enzyme inhibitors on the resting potential and on the ion distribution of the sartorius muscle of the frog.

Isolated frog sartorii were exposed for 30 minutes to HETP—an irreversible anti-cholinesterase, and were then soaked in Ringer's at 15°C. for 16 hours. At the end of the period of soaking the mean resting potential of the muscle fibers was only 29 mv. The decrease in the resting potential of the HETP-treated muscles was accompanied by a loss of potassium and a gain in sodium by the muscles. The effect of anticholinesterases on sodium extrusion was studied by incubating the muscles in a Ringer's containing half of the normal amount of sodium. The muscles respond by extruding sodium against a concentration gradient into the external medium. Sodium extrusion was blocked by prior exposure of the muscle to HETP, and reversibly blocked by exposure to physostigmine. The inhibition of sodium extrusion by physostigmine was correlated with the inhibition of the intracellular cholinesterase. Sodium extrusion was also blocked by high concentrations of 2-methyl-1,4-napthaquinone 8-sulfonic acid and by α-ketoglutarate, which are known to inhibit choline acetylase in vitro. But sodium extrusion was not affected by a third inhibitor of choline acetylase, phenobarbital. Sodium extrusion was unaffected by KCN and partially blocked by IAA. The IAA block was eliminated by the addition of pyruvate. It is concluded that either glycolysis or oxidative metabolism can furnish the energy needed for sodium extrusion.
Pre-morbid asociality in neuroleptic-resistant and neuroleptic-responsive schizophrenia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether childhood and adolescent pre-morbid asociality differed in neuroleptic-responsive and neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia. Pre-morbid asociality was assessed with the Pre-morbid Asociality Adjustment Scale in 411 patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder categorized as being either neuroleptic-responsive or neuroleptic-resistant. Patterns of childhood and adolescent asociality were found to be different in neuroleptic-resistant and neuroleptic-responsive patients. Pre-morbid asociality during the pre-adult years was not consistently worse in patients with poor response to neuroleptic treatment. Greater impairment in late adolescent psychosexual functioning was predictive of poor outcome with regard to neuroleptic treatment.
Gold-Nickel Multilayer Films: Structure-Property Correlations

Gold-nickel multilayer films with periods of 1.2 - 4.6 nm were deposited on silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering, and plan and cross-sectional specimens were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cross-sectional specimens revealed well-defined layering and columnar growth features that extended through the film thickness. Dark striations extending normal to the layers were attributed to diffraction contrast from defect strain fields. Diffraction patterns showed that the films were highly textured and that short-period films had a single fcc structure, while long-period films separated into three fcc structures. High-resolution images of the layer interfaces showed local regions of epitaxy partitioned by regions of disorder. Indentation tests using a Nanoindenter, a depth-sensing indentation device, were performed to measure the elastic modulus and hardness of the films. No modulus enhancement was detected, and a small variation in hardness was measured.
Hospital workers’ perceptions of waste: a qualitative study involving photo-elicitation

Objectives To elicit sources of waste as viewed by hospital workers. Design Qualitative study using photo-elicitation, an ethnographic technique for prompting in-depth discussion. Setting U.S. academic tertiary care hospital. Participants Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, administrative support personnel, administrators and respiratory therapists. Methods A purposive sample of personnel at an academic tertiary care hospital was invited to take up to 10 photos of waste. Participants discussed their selections using photos as prompts during in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed in an iterative process using grounded theory; open and axial coding was performed, followed by selective and thematic coding to develop major themes and subthemes. Results Twenty-one participants (nine women, average number of years in field=19.3) took 159 photos. Major themes included types of waste and recommendations to reduce waste. Types of waste comprised four major categories: Time, Materials, Energy and Talent. Participants emphasised time wastage (50% of photos) over other types of waste such as excess utilisation (2.5%). Energy and Talent were novel categories of waste. Recommendations to reduce waste included interventions at the micro-level (eg, individual/ward), meso-level (eg, institution) and macro-level (eg, payor/public policy). Conclusions The waste hospital workers identified differed from previously described waste both in the types of waste described and the emphasis placed on wasted time. The findings of this study represent a possible need for education of hospital workers about known types of waste, an opportunity to assess the impact of novel types of waste described and an opportunity to intervene to reduce the waste identified.
cGMP and Atrial Natriuretic Factor Regulate Cell Volume of Rabbit Atrial Myocytes

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) reduces the volume of atrial myocytes by inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport. We determined the role of cGMP and cAMP in ANF-induced shrinkage by using digital video microscopy to measure cell volume; volumes are reported relative to control. ANF (1 mumol/L) reversibly reduced atrial cell volume from 1.0 to 0.915 +/- 0.005 (mean +/- SEM). This effect was mimicked by 10 mumol/L 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP), which decreased myocyte volume to 0.894 +/- 0.007 with an ED50 of 0.99 +/- 0.05 mumol/L. In contrast, 100 mumol/L 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) did not affect volume, and activating the cAMP pathway with 100 mumol/L 8-Br-cAMP did not alter the volume decrease caused by 8-Br-cGMP or ANF. Inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport with bumetanide (1 mumol/L) also reduced cell volume and prevented further shrinkage on subsequent exposure to 8-Br-cGMP. Similarly, 8-Br-cGMP (10 mumol/L) prevented further shrinkage by ANF. Block of Na(+)-H+ exchange, a participant in volume regulation in other cells, did not alter the response to 8-Br-cGMP. More evidence implicating cGMP was obtained by altering its metabolism. LY83583 (10 mumol/L), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, blocked ANF-induced cell shrinkage. Zaprinast (100 mumol/L), a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, markedly potentiated the effect of a threshold concentration of ANF (0.01 mumol/L). The actions of ANF, LY83583, and zaprinast on cGMP levels were verified by radioimmunoassay. These data strongly support the idea that the cGMP cascade is the intracellular signaling pathway responsible for ANF-induced atrial cell shrinkage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND CONSERVATISM

The present study evaluated the relationships among self-esteem, locus of control and conservatism for 284 undergraduate men and women. Men showed lower conservatism and partially higher self-estee...
The Number of Bound States of One-Body Schroedinger Operators and the Weyl Problem

If N ((Ω,λ) is the number of eigenvalues of -Δ in a domain Ω, in a suitable Riemannian manifold of dimension n, we derive bounds of the form \(\tilde N(\Omega ,\lambda ) \le {D_n}{\lambda ^{n/2}}\left| \Omega \right|\) for all Ω, * , n , Likewise, if N03B1; (V) is the number of nonpositive eigenvalues of -Δ + V (x) which are ≤ a ≤ 0, then \({N_\alpha }(V) \le {L_n}\int {_M} \left[ {V - \alpha } \right]_\_^{n/2}\) for all α and V and n ≥ 3. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification 35P15.
NS3 Helicase Domains Involved in Infectious Intracellular Hepatitis C Virus Particle Assembly

A mutation within subdomain 1 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 helicase (NS3-Q221L) (M. Yi, Y. Ma, J. Yates, and S. M. Lemon, J. Virol. 81:629-638, 2007) rescues a defect in production of infectious virus by an intergenotypic chimeric RNA (HJ3). Although NS3-Gln-221 is highly conserved across HCV genotypes, the Leu-221 substitution had no effect on RNA replication or NS3-associated enzymatic activities. However, while transfection of unmodified HJ3 RNA failed to produce either extracellular or intracellular infectious virus, transfection of HJ3 RNA containing the Q221L substitution (HJ3/QL) resulted in rapid accumulation of intracellular infectious particles with release into extracellular fluids. In the absence of the Q221L mutation, both NS5A and NS3 were recruited to core protein on the surface of lipid droplets, but there was no assembly of core into high-density, rapidly sedimenting particles. Further analysis demonstrated that a Q221N mutation minimally rescued virus production and led to a second-site I399V mutation in subdomain 2 of the helicase. Similarly, I399V alone allowed only low-level virus production and led to selection of an I286V mutation in subdomain 1 of the helicase which fully restored virus production, confirming the involvement of both major helicase subdomains in the assembly process. Thus, multiple mutations in the helicase rescue a defect in an early-intermediate step in virus assembly that follows the recruitment of NS5A to lipid droplets and precedes the formation of dense intracellular viral particles. These data reveal a previously unsuspected role for the NS3 helicase in early virion morphogenesis and provide a new perspective on HCV assembly.
Wetting and Spreading of Liquid Metals Through Open Micro Grooves and Surface Alterations

Surface tension driven flows of micro layers of complex liquids over substrates under reactive wetting conditions are greatly influenced by interface interactions and topography of surface alterations. For example, understanding of spreading of molten metals over metal substrates with complex topography may be interpreted as spreading over multiple connected networks of open micro channels. Hence, understanding of the kinetics of wetting and spreading of such reactive systems through micro channels is of a key interest. This keynote lecture will provide an overview of wetting/spreading phenomena related to migration of the molten metal micro layer over smooth, rough, and/or well-organized-topography surfaces, such as micro channels. Systems involving a liquid metal medium temperature range (Al-Si over Al), and a low temperature range (Pb-Sn and Ag-Sn over Cu and Cu-Sn) have been considered. Kinetics data involving triple line movement and its modeling will be supported by real-time in situ visualizations. Targeted applications of these fundamental studies involve art of brazing of compact aluminum heat exchangers for HVAC&R, thermal management for aerospace, and soldering processes (in particular lead-free) for electronics industries.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
New ligand platforms featuring boron-rich clusters as organomimetic substituents

200 years of research with carbon-rich molecules have shaped the development of modern chemistry. Research pertaining to the chemistry of boron-rich species has historically trailed behind its more distinguished neighbor (carbon) in the periodic table. Notably, a potentially rich and, in many cases, unmatched field of coordination chemistry using boronrich clusters remains fundamentally underdeveloped. Our work has been devoted to examining several basic concepts related to the functionalization of icosahedral boron-rich clusters and their use as ligands, aimed at designing fundamentally new hybrid molecular motifs and materials. Particularly interesting are icosahedral carboranes, which can be regarded as 3D analogs of benzene. These species comprise a class of boron-rich clusters that were discovered in the 1950s during the “space race” while researchers were developing energetic materials for rocket fuels. Ultimately, the unique chemical and physical properties of carborane species, such as rigidity, indefinite stability to air and moisture, and 3D aromaticity, may allow one to access a set of properties not normally available in carbon-based chemistry. While technically these species are considered as inorganic clusters, the chemical properties they possess make these boron-rich species suitable for replacing and/or altering structural and functional features of the organic and organometallic molecules—a phenomenon best described as “organomimetic”. Aside from purely fundamental features associated with the organomimetic chemistry of icosahedral carboranes, their use can also provide new avenues in the development of systems relevant to solving current problems associated with energy production, storage, and conversion.
Periplasmic copper–zinc superoxide dismutase protects Haemophilus ducreyi from exogenous superoxide

Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease implicated in increased heterosexual transmission of HIV. As part of an effort to identify H. ducreyi gene products involved in virulence and pathogenesis, we created random TnphoA insertion mutations in an H. ducreyi 35000 library cloned in Escherichia coli. Inserts encoding exported or secreted PhoA fusion proteins were characterized by DNA sequencing. One such clone encoded a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. The Cu-Zn SOD was periplasmic in H. ducreyi and accounted for most of the detectable SOD activity in whole-cell lysates of H. ducreyi grown in vitro. To investigate the function of the Cu-Zn SOD, we created a Cu-Zn SOD-deficient H. ducreyi strain by inserting a cat cassette into the sodC gene. The wild-type and Cu-Zn SOD null mutant strains were equally resistant to excess cytoplasmic superoxide induced by paraquat, demonstrating that the Cu-Zn SOD did not function in the detoxification of cytoplasmic superoxide. However, the Cu-Zn SOD null strain was significantly more susceptible to killing by extracellular superoxide than the wild type. This result suggests that the H. ducreyi Cu-Zn SOD may play a role in bacterial defence against oxidative killing by host immune cells during infection.
Force allocation in a large-scale distributed active surface

This paper investigates the problem of closed-loop control of a small number of parameters by allocating actuation in a system with many binary degrees of freedom, using an actual large-scale air-jet table as an example. In this system, the desired force and torque are produced by a large number of spatially distributed binary air jets directing individual forces on an object. Various algorithms for solving the force allocation problem-determining the appropriate valve states in this hyper-redundant system-are investigated. The algorithms range from discrete optimal search to continuous constrained optimization to a hybrid hierarchical approach that can be distributed. The latter consists of using the continuous optimal solutions to recursively break the large optimization problems into smaller problems that can be solved using optimal search methods or precomputed lookup tables. A tradeoff between computation time and allocation error was found. The optimal algorithms yield low errors but the time is exponential in the number of actuators, while the continuous solutions execute quickly but yield larger errors. The hybrid hierarchical optimal algorithms give the best compromise between these conflicting goals, and their applicability spans the full range of degrees of freedom from a few to many thousands. These hierarchical algorithms are useful in many such highly redundant systems.
Specific exercise effects of preventive neuromuscular training intervention on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in young females: meta-analysis and subgroup analysis

Context Clinical trials have demonstrated that preventive neuromuscular training (PNMT) can be effective to reduce ACL injuries in young females. However, the magnitude of the overall effect of PNMT for ACL injury reduction has not reached consensus. In addition, the effects of individual exercises in PNMT that optimise ACL injury reduction are unknown. Objective The purpose of this project was to systematically review previously published clinical trials and evaluate types of exercises that best support ACL injury reduction in young females. Data sources The key words ‘knee’, ‘anterior cruciate ligament’, ‘ACL’, ‘prospective’, ‘neuromuscular’, ‘training’, ‘female’ ,a nd‘prevention’ were used for studies published from 1995 to May 2012 in PubMed and EBSCO host. Study selection Inclusion criteria for the current analysis were: (1) documented number of ACL injuries, (2) employed a PNMT intervention that aimed to reduce ACL injuries, (3) had a comparison group, (4) used a prospective controlled study design, (5) recruited female athletes and (6) recorded exercises implemented in the PNMT. Data extraction The number of ACL injuries and female athletes in each group (control and intervention) were extracted. In addition, exercises were categorised into four types and analysed for each investigation. Data synthesis A total of 14 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The subgroup analyses identified fewer ACL injuries in PNMT that focused on strengthening (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.46, p=0.001), proximal control exercises (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.47, p=0.001) and multiple exercise interventions (OR 0.32, CI 0.22 to 0.46, p=0.001). Conclusions The current subgroup analyses indicate strengthening, proximal control exercises and multi exercise genres increased efficacy in PNMT intervention designed to reduce ACL injury in young female athletes.
A single frizzled protein has a dual function in tissue polarity

The Drosophila frizzled (fz) gene is required for the development of normal tissue polarity in the epidermis. Genetic epistasis experiments argue that fz is at the top of a regulatory hierarchy that controls the subcellular site for prehair initiation within the cells of the pupal wing (Wong and Adler, 1993; J. Cell Biol. 123, 209–221). Genetic mosaic experiments indicate that fz has both cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous functions that are separately mutable (Vinson and Adler, 1987; Nature 329, 549–551). Two species of fz mRNA have been identified, raising the question as to whether the two functions are provided by a single protein or by two separate protein species. We generated transgenic flies that express each of these mRNAs under the control of an hsp70 promoter. Only one of the transgenes (hsfzI) showed any fz activity. At 29 degrees C, the hsfzI transgene provided almost complete rescue of a null fz mutation, indicating that the protein encoded by this cDNA can fulfill both fz functions. Overexpression of the hsfzI transgene resulted in two distinct tissue polarity phenotypes depending on the time of heat shock.
Family adaptation when one member has a head injury.

The Family Adaptation to Medical Stressors (FAMS) model was used to assist in understanding the family's adaptation when a dependent child suffers a head injury. Twenty-six families took part in the study. Fourteen families had a member with a severe head injury; twelve had a member with a mild head injury. Significant correlations were found between the presence of rules in the family which permit emotional expression and depression (r = -.52, p less than .05), assistance the parents felt was available and trust (r = .47, p less than .05), the actual number of people available for assistance outside the nuclear family and illness anxiety (r = -.40, p less than .05), age of the patient and trust (r +/- .55, p less than .05), depression and increased expression of negative emotions (r +/- .52, p less than .05), and role flexibility and depression (r +/- .52, p less than .05). A weak correlation was found between perceived stress of the injury and illness anxiety. No differences were found in stress and adaptation between the groups of families who had a member with a mild head injury and those with a member with severe head injury, suggesting that both mild and severe head injury have similar impact on the family. A needs assessment of these families was also done.
Fabrication of Dual-Damascene Structures in Low Dielectric Constant Polymers for Multilevel Interconnects

Parylene-n (pa-n) and benzocyclobutene (BCB) are novel candidate materials for interlevel dielectrics in future multilevel interconnects, due to their dielectric constant being much lower than that of silicon dioxide. We describe the fine line patterning of these materials by reactive ion etching in O2/CF4 plasmas. Examples of high aspect ratio trenches and dual damascene structures are presented involving processes with single and double hardmasks.
Sustainable Design and Operation of Cellulosic Bioelectricity Supply Chain Networks with Life Cycle Economic, Environmental, and Social Optimization

In this work, we propose a novel multiobjective optimization model for the sustainable design and operation of bioelectricity supply chain networks, which simultaneously accounts for the associated economic, environmental, and social impacts. The proposed model covers the cradle-to-gate life cycle of bioelectricity including biomass cultivation and harvesting, feedstock pretreatment, energy conversion, and biopower generation, as well as transportation and storage. We formulate the problem as a multiobjective mixed-integer linear fractional programming (MILFP) problem following the functional-unit-based life cycle optimization approach. The geographical dispersion and seasonality of biomass supply are captured and handled by the spatially explicit and multiperiod features of the model. The multiobjective optimization is accomplished via the e-constraint method to obtain the approximate Pareto frontiers, which reveal the trade-off between economic performance and concerns about environmental and social imp...
Probing the radical and base dual properties of peptide sulfinyl radicals via mass spectrometry.

Heteroatom-centered radicals are known to play critical roles in atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, and biology. While most studies have focused on the radical reactivity such as hydrogen abstraction, the base properties of heteroatom-centered radicals have long been overlooked, despite the profound consequences, such as their ability to participate in hydrogen-bonding networks. In this study, we use the sulfinyl radical (−SO•) as a model to show that the dual properties of heteroatom-centered radicals, that is, their ability to function as a radical and a base, can coexist in peptides and be differentiated by examining the loss of hydrosulfinyl radical (SOH) upon unimolecular dissociation of the peptide sulfinyl radical ions in the gas phase. The loss of SOH can result from two channels; one involves hydrogen atom abstraction, which reflects the radical property; the other is initiated by proton transfer to the sulfinyl radical, manifesting its base property. Tuning of the two properties of peptid...
Mass Defect-Based N,N-Dimethyl Leucine Labels for Quantitative Proteomics and Amine Metabolomics of Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Mass spectrometry-based stable isotope labeling has become a key technology for protein and small-molecule analyses. We developed a multiplexed quantification method for simultaneous proteomics and amine metabolomics analyses via nano reversed-phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nanoRPLC–MS/MS), called mass defect-based N,N-dimethyl leucine (mdDiLeu) labeling. The duplex mdDiLeu reagents were custom-synthesized with a mass difference of 20.5 mDa, arising from the subtle variation in nuclear binding energy between the two DiLeu isotopologues. Optimal MS resolving powers were determined to be 240K for labeled peptides and 120K for labeled metabolites on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos instrument. The mdDiLeu labeling does not suffer from precursor interference and dynamic range compression, providing excellent accuracy for MS1-centric quantification. Quantitative information is only revealed at high MS resolution without increasing spectrum complexity and overlapping isotope distribution. Chroma...
Reverse Marangoni surfing

We theoretically study the surfing motion of chemically and thermally active particles located at a flat liquid–gas interface that sits above a liquid layer of finite depth. The particles’ activity creates and maintains a surface tension gradient resulting in the auto-surfing. It is intuitively perceived that Marangoni surfers propel towards the direction with a higher surface tension. Remarkably, we find that the surfers may propel in the lower surface tension direction depending on their geometry and proximity to the bottom of the liquid layer. In particular, our analytical calculations for Stokes flow and diffusion-dominated scalar fields (i.e. chemical concentration and temperature fields) indicate that spherical particles undergo reverse Marangoni propulsion under confinement whereas disk-shaped surfers always move in the expected direction. We extend our results by proposing an approximate formula for the propulsion speed of oblate spheroidal particles based on the speeds of spheres and disks.
Improved attenuation correction for respiratory gated PET/CT with extended-duration cine CT: a simulation study

Due to the wide variability of intra-patient respiratory motion patterns, traditional short-duration cine CT used in respiratory gated PET/CT may be insufficient to match the PET scan data, resulting in suboptimal attenuation correction that eventually compromises the PET quantitative accuracy. Thus, extending the duration of cine CT can be beneficial to address this data mismatch issue. In this work, we propose to use a long-duration cine CT for respiratory gated PET/CT, whose cine acquisition time is ten times longer than a traditional short-duration cine CT. We compare the proposed long-duration cine CT with the traditional short-duration cine CT through numerous phantom simulations with 11 respiratory traces measured during patient PET/CT scans. Experimental results show that, the long-duration cine CT reduces the motion mismatch between PET and CT by 41% and improves the overall reconstruction accuracy by 42% on average, as compared to the traditional short-duration cine CT. The long-duration cine CT also reduces artifacts in PET images caused by misalignment and mismatch between adjacent slices in phase-gated CT images. The improvement in motion matching between PET and CT by extending the cine duration depends on the patient, with potentially greater benefits for patients with irregular breathing patterns or larger diaphragm movements.
Individual Differences in Working Memory Predict the Effect of Music on Student Performance

Past research has demonstrated that music often negatively impacts performance on a variety of cognitive tasks, including academically relevant tasks. There are, however, discrepancies in the literature, including a handful of instances where no effect of music was observed. We tested the novel hypothesis that working-memory capacity moderated the detrimental effect of music on academic performance. Undergraduate students worked on reading-comprehension and math tasks under both music and silence conditions before completing a battery of working-memory capacity assessments. Although music led to a significant decline in performance overall, working-memory capacity moderated this effect in the reading-comprehension tasks. These findings suggest that individuals who are better able to control their attention (as indexed by working-memory capacity) may be protected from music-related distraction when completing certain kinds of academically relevant tasks.
Assessing need for pharmacist involvement to improve care coordination for patients on LAI antipsychotics transitioning from hospital to home: A work system approach.

Abstract Background The use of Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications has increased for patients with Serious Mental Illness (SMI). Care coordination for this population is complex, and pharmacist involvement may improve and support long-term medication adherence and patient outcomes. Objectives (1) Examine pharmacists' role in addressing care coordination and adherence challenges for patients taking Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics; and (2) explore patients' medication use experiences with LAI antipsychotics and educational needs. Methods This project utilized a holistic work systems approach to assess the usefulness of implementing a pharmacist-led intervention to improve care coordination for patients taking LAI antipsychotics. Data collection and analyses were guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. Data were collected using interviews with healthcare team members and patients taking LAI antipsychotics and retrospective chart reviews at a psychiatric hospital in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Data collection elicited information about LAI care coordination, the pharmacist's role, and patients' experiences. Content and thematic analyses were conducted to identify opportunities to improve quality of care and patient outcomes. Results Sixteen healthcare team members and six patients were interviewed. Twenty patient charts were reviewed to examine the care coordination process. Four themes of the workflow process emerged: pharmacist consultation, in-hospital LAI administration, discharge planning, and outpatient treatment. Key challenges identified included inadequate communication, limited knowledge, and the need for standardized roles. Most patients did not know the name of their LAI antipsychotic and did not recall receiving medication counseling, but were interested in discussing medication concerns with pharmacists. Conclusions There is a need for improved communication during LAI care coordination, targeted education for healthcare team members, and standardization of roles. Many patients did not have adequate LAI antipsychotic knowledge or receive appropriate medication counseling. Increased pharmacist involvement in the care coordination process may promote adherence and optimal management of SMI.
Racial/Ethnic Differential Effects of Medicaid Expansion on Health Care Access.

Objective To assess racial/ethnic differential impacts of the ACA's Medicaid expansion on low-income, nonelderly adults' access to primary care. Data sources Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, State Physicians Workforce Data Book, and Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2013 and 2015. Study design Quasi-experimental design with difference-in-differences analyses. Outcomes included health insurance coverage, having personal doctor(s), being unable to see doctors because of cost, and receiving a flu shot. We tested racial/ethnic differential impacts using the "Seemingly unrelated estimation" method. Multiple imputations and survey weights were used. Data collection/extraction methods Low-income, nonelderly adults were identified based on age, household income, and family size. Principal findings Among the low-income, nonelderly adults, Medicaid expansion was associated with statistically significant gains in health insurance coverage, having personal doctors, and affordability. Hispanics got the fewest benefits, which significantly widened racial/ethnic disparities for the Hispanic group. Racial/ethnic disparity in having personal doctors narrowed for non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic others, although not statistically significant. Conclusion Medicaid expansion improved access to primary care, but it had differential effects among racial/ethnic groups resulting in mixed effects on disparities. Further research is necessary to develop tailored policy tools for racial/ethnic groups.
Pectoralis blocks for insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in two patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often have systemic manifestations with comorbid involvement of the cardiac and respiratory systems that increase the risk of anesthetic and perioperative morbidity. These patients frequently develop progressive myocardial involvement with cardiomyopathy, depressed cardiac function, and arrhythmias. The latter may necessitate the placement of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) insertion. As a means of avoiding the need for general anesthesia and its inherent potential of morbidity, regional anesthesia may be used in specific cases. We present two cases of successful AICD insertion in patients with DMD using unilateral pectoralis and intercostal nerve blocks supplemented with intravenous sedation. Relevant anatomy for this regional anesthetic technique is reviewed and benefits of this anesthetic technique compared to general anesthesia are discussed.
PEG 3350 Administration Is Not Associated with Sustained Elevation of Glycol Levels

Objective To determine whether trace amounts of ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), or triethylene glycol (TEG) in PEG 3350 are associated with increased blood levels of EG, DEG, or TEG in children receiving daily PEG 3350 therapy. Study design Blood samples were drawn from 9 children who were being treated for constipation with PEG 3350 (6-12 years old) before and every 30 minutes for 3 hours after receiving 17 g of PEG 3350. PEG 3350, tap water, and blood samples from 18 age- and sex-matched controls also were analyzed. Results Baseline blood levels of EG and TEG did not differ between control and treated groups. DEG levels (median [IQR]) were lower in the PEG 3350 group (40.13 ng/mL [36.69, 63.94] vs 92.83 ng/mL [51.06, 128.93], P = .008). After PEG 3350 dose, levels of EG (390.51 ng/mL [326.06, 624.55]) and TEG (2.21 ng/mL [0, 4.5]) peaked at 90 minutes at 1032.81 ng/mL (826.84, 1486.13) (P = .009) and 35.17 ng/mL (15.81, 45.13) (P = .0005), respectively. DEG levels did not significantly change. Standard 17-g doses of PEG 3350 in 8 oz (237 mL) of water resulted in concentrations (mean ± SD) of EG, DEG, and TEG of 1.32 ± 0.23 µg/mL, 0.18 ± 0.03 µg/mL, and 0.12 ± 0.01 µg/mL, respectively. EG, DEG, and TEG levels in public water supply were 0.07 µg/mL, 0.21 µg/mL, and 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Daily PEG 3350 therapy in children was not associated with sustained elevation of EG, DEG, or TEG blood levels over levels in matched controls. Although EG and TEG levels increased after a standard dose of PEG 3350, their peak values remained well below toxic levels.
Medicaid retrenchment politics: fragmented or unified?

Medicaid has grown substantially over time; indeed, more than half of all Americans have some connection to the program. Considering that Medicaid retrenchment is the centerpiece of recent proposal...
Mental health screening in a refugee population: a program report.

Over the past 10 years the United States has resettled an average of 106,500 refugees annually (U.S. Committee for Refugees: Refugee Rep 1999; 20(12):1–12), relocating them to various cities across the country. Upon arrival, some states offer refugees physical health screening, specifically for communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, intestinal parasites and Hepatitis B, and for general preexisting medical problems. Unfortunately, the same attention is rarely given to potential mental health needs. Research has shown that refugees are at greater risk for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress syndrome than the general U.S. population, yet they are not routinely screened. The purpose of this paper is to describe the addition of an innovative program for mental health screening in a refugee population. The current study found that mental health screening was more effective when done in a home visit situation. A 23.8% rate of depression was found amongst those refugees screened.
Near-surface deformation under scratches in polypropylene blends Part I Microscopic characterization of deformation

A microstructural characterization approach has been developed to study the mechanisms of near-surface deformation under surface scratches in injection-molded polypropylene blends with over 20% rubber modifier (thermoplastic polyolefin or TPO). The near-surface microstructure of the material before and after scratching was characterized with different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the TPO material plastically deformed by forming shear band structure under surface scratches. Materials inside shear band dilated and the extent of dilation could be measured from the characteristic angles between the shearband boundary and rubber particles. At a higher applied normal load (>200 g for the test in this study), evidence for surface fracture was observed. At even higher loads (>400 g), significant amounts of sub-surface voiding were observed, due to the delamination between the rubber phases and the polypropylene matrix. The observation of both the dilation of materials inside shearbands and the subsurface voiding at high normal loads advanced the understanding of scratching whitening mechanism in this kind of important materials. It was observed that the talc additives had no obvious influence on shear band nucleation and propagation. Results obtained in this study suggest that a strong interfacial adhesion between rubber phase and PP matrix is crucial to improving the scratching resistance of rubber modified polypropylene blends.
Structure of the Vorticity Field in a Plane Free Shear-Layer

A plane isothermal free shear layer between two streams of reactive solutions has been investigated to moderate Reynolds numbers (102). Both Laser Induced Fluorescence and a Direct Interface Visualization were used to monitor the interface between the two fluids. The structure of the vorticity field was then investigated through an analysis of the evolution of the position of the interface over time.
Uzbekistan: Language Situation

In 1993 Uzbekistan began the process of changing from a Cyrillic to a Latin alphabet. While students have learned Latinized Uzbek in schools, it remains common to see both Latin and Cyrillic in the public sphere. As younger generations gain comfort with the Latin alphabet, Cyrillic is likely to increasingly disappear, leaving Uzbeks living in other countries and who are unfamiliar with Latinized Uzbek distanced from the written language of their homeland.
Liapunov Methods for a One-Dimensional Parabolic Partial Differential Equation

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Liapunov methods for a one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation. In recent years, several authors have used techniques based on Liapunov's second method to investigate the stability phenomena for partial differential equations. The chapter focuses on some recent work involving the aforementioned procedure. Liapunov theory was developed mainly in the context of ordinary and functional differential equations. Applying it to the study of partial differential equations seems to involve serious difficulties. The chapter also presents the formulation of the criteria for instability and asymptotic stability of an equilibrium solution.
Structures of Hepatitis B Virus Core- and e-Antigen Immune Complexes Suggest Multi-point Inhibition

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. While an adequate vaccine is available, current treatment options are limited, not highly effective, and associated with adverse effects, encouraging the development of alternative therapeutics. The HBV core gene encodes two different proteins: core, which forms the viral nucleocapsid, and pre-core, which serves as an immune modulator with multiple points of action. The two proteins mostly have the same sequence, although they differ at their N and C termini and in their dimeric arrangements. Previously, we engineered two human-framework antibody fragments (Fab/scFv) with nano- to picomolar affinities for both proteins. Here, by means of X-ray crystallography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the antibodies have non-overlapping epitopes and effectively block biologically important assemblies of both proteins. These properties, together with the anticipated high tolerability and long half-lives of the antibodies, make them promising therapeutics.
Investigation of Threshold Switch OFF -State Resistance on Performance Enhancement in 2D Mos2 Phase-FETs

Volatile threshold switch (TS) devices, which display abrupt changes in conductivity in response to external stimuli such as temperature or electric field, are currently being explored for uses in novel electronic devices [1]–[3]. One such device, Phase-FET, integrates a TS with the source ofa conventional MOSFET such that the abrupt threshold switching phenomena and variable resistance states can be harnessed to produce steep sub-kT/q ON at reduced supply voltage for a given I OFF [4], [5]. Achieving these characteristics, however, requires careful design of the TS OFF -state resistance with respect to the MOSFET channel resistance. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the importance of TS OFF-state resistance on Mo'Sj-bascd Phase-FET performance using VO 2 and Ag/Hf0 2 /Pt TS devices to show 30x enhanced I ON (at matched $\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{OFF}}$ ) over baseline MOSFET when TS and MOSFET OFF-state resistance are matched.
Examining the Educational Requirements for Entry-Level RT/TR Practice: The Process and Recommendations of the ATRA Higher Education Task Force

Over the span of two years (2016–2018), a Task Force within the American Therapeutic Recreation Association’s Higher Education Committee planned and implemented a systematic study to investigate the educational requirements for entry-level education in recreational therapy/therapeutic recreation (RT/TR) and to provide recommendations and strategies addressing educational requirements. The Task Force conducted a mixed-methods study with four stakeholder groups, including practitioners, educators, students, and credentialing and accrediting bodies in RT/TR. Data were collected and analyzed from this study, in addition to a review and consideration of existing literature and resources associated with education in health disciplines. This process yielded one finding and five recommendations to inform the future of RT/ TR education. Results indicated that the most current and pressing need in higher education is to improve the quality and consistency of the bachelor’s degree in RT/ TR. The five recommendations for the future of RT/TR education are reported and discussed. Subscribe to TRJ
Recent progress in the strategic incorporation of fluorine into medicinally active compounds.

Abstract This account exemplifies our recent progress on the strategic incorporation of fluorine and organofluorine groups to (i) taxoid anticancer agents, (ii) acylhydrazone-based antifungal agents and (iii) inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology studies. In the case study (i), a series of next-generation fluorotaxoids, bearing m-OCF3 or m-OCF2H group in the C2-benzoate moiety was designed, synthesized and examined for their potencies. A number of these fluorotaxoids possess two orders of magnitude greater potency in different drug-resistant cancer cell lines as compared to paclitaxel. One of these next-generation fluorotaxoids, SB-T-121205 was selected for detailed mechanistic study against highly paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/PTX, which disclosed a unique mechanism of action. Recently, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthesis emerged as a promising target for next-generation antifungal agents, especially against cryptococcosis, candidiasis and pulmonary aspergillosis. The HTP screening of compound libraries identified several acylhydrazones as hit compounds. In the case study (ii), fluoro-acylhydrazones containing F, OCF3, OCHF2, o-F/p-OCF3, as well as o-F/p-CF3 functional groups in the ring A and ring B were designed based on these hit compounds, synthesized and examined for their potencies against C. neoformans. A number of those novel fluoro-acylhydrazones exhibited high potency and excellent killing properties. The hemopexin-like domain of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a highly promising target to circumvent the critical issue in the development of MMP inhibitors for the treatment of various cancers. In the case study (iii), a small optimization library of compounds, based on the OCHF2-containing hit compound, SB-M-001, was generated and evaluated, which identified a fluorine-containing new lead compound, SB-M-103. SB-M-103 was found to inhibit tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion by effectively disrupting the MMP-9 homodimerization.
A Review of Congress and U.S. Veterans: From the GI Bill to the VA Crisis

Congress and U.S. Veterans: From the GI Bill to the VA Crisis by Lindsey Cormack, contains a thorough examination of federal veterans’ policy from 2009 to 2017. Cormack argues that any consideration of politics in modern America must be done with heavy filtration, cutting through deliberate ambiguities and electioneering in the messaging. Veterans’ issues are no different.
Synthesis of (−)-3-Amino-3-deoxyquinic Acid

An efficient synthesis of 3-amino-3-deoxyquinic acid, starting from (−)-quinic acid, is reported and its importance for the biosynthesis of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, the precursor of mC7N-units in ansamycin and mitomycin antibiotics is discussed.
Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi

The Golgi is well known to act as center for modification and sorting of proteins for secretion and delivery to other organelles. A key sorting step occurs at the trans-Golgi network and is mediated by protein adapters. However, recent data indicate that sorting also occurs much earlier, at the cis-Golgi, and uses lipid acylation as a novel means to regulate anterograde flux. Here, we examine an emerging role of S-palmitoylation/acylation as a mechanism to regulate anterograde routing. We discuss the critical Golgi-localized DHHC S-palmitoyltransferase enzymes that orchestrate this lipid modification, as well as their diverse protein clients (e.g., MAP6, SNAP25, CSP, LAT, β-adrenergic receptors, GABA receptors, and GLUT4 glucose transporters). Critically, for integral membrane proteins, S-acylation can act as new a "self-sorting" signal to concentrate these cargoes in rims of Golgi cisternae, and to promote their rapid traffic through the Golgi or, potentially, to bypass the Golgi. We discuss this mechanism and examine its potential relevance to human physiology and disease, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
Does a narrative retelling task improve the assessment of language proficiency in school-aged children born very preterm?

Almost half of the children born very preterm (VP) experience language difficulties at school-age, specifically with more complex language tasks. Narrative retelling is such a task. Therefore, we e...
GaAs homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission far-infrared detectors

We report, for the first time, experimental FIR detector results based on p-GaAs homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) structures. The MBE grown samples consist of a multilayer (p+- p--p+-p--...) structure. The detector shows high responsivity over a wide wavelength range with a bias tunable cutoff wavelength ((lambda) c). Changing the emitter layer (p+) doping concentration (Ne) will result in different (lambda) cs. For a detector with Ne equals 3 multiplied by 1018 cm-3, an effective quantum efficiency of 9.2% (at 26.3 micrometer) with (lambda) c equals 100 micrometer is obtained. Various experimental results are discussed.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.