cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes: Treatment Practice and Policy Implications

Treatment professionals, whether clinicians, scientists, or policy makers, are interested in developing methods to improve behavioral health treatment outcomes. Clinicians are interested in knowing what treatment practices to incorporate into the services they offer clients. Policymakers request guidance regarding which decisions are most likely to lead to effective treatment approaches and structures. Scientists are eager to contribute knowledge pertinent to building and evaluating effective treatment practices and policies. The papers in this special series provide information on substance abuse treatment practices andpresent findings relevant to clinical practice, policy decisions, and scientific inquiry. This paper provides a brief overview of the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES) and briefly summarizes the other research papers included in this issue, all of which exemplify practice and policy issues in the substance abuse treatment field and bolster approaches applied to address these issues.
Expected Thruput: An Alternative Approach to Clerical Performance Measurement

This article develops an alternative clerical performance measure for work submitted to acceptance sampling. The measure, "expected thruput," appears more comprehensive than approaches based on either actual output, actual thruput, effective t..
Fractal Tube Formulas

In this chapter, we obtain (in Section 8.1) a distributional formula for the volume of the tubular neighborhoods of the boundary of a fractal string, called a tube formula. In Section 8.1.1, under more restrictive assumptions, we also derive a tube formula that holds pointwise. In Section 8.3, we then deduce from these formulas a new criterion for the Minkowski measurability of a fractal string, in terms of its complex dimensions.
Assessment of algal biofuel resource potential in the United States with consideration of regional water stress

Abstract Algae is a promising feedstock for biofuels. Because scaling up the production of algae-based biofuels consumes a significant amount of water, it is important to consider the impact it has on water stress. This study evaluates the potential for algae-derived biofuel production in the United States (US) and considers regional water stress. We used the Biomass Assessment Tool (BAT) to identify potential sites in the US that meet land, biomass productivity, and CO2 co-locating criteria. We quantify the water stress impacts of algal biofuel production in terms of water scarcity footprint using water consumption from BAT, and the water stress indicator from Available Water Remaining for the US (AWARE-US) system. We assess long-term (20 billion gal per year [BGY]) and near-term (5 BGY by 2030) renewable diesel (RD) production targets. To select suitable algae sites, we consider biomass yield and water use with and without water stress constraints. We found that ranking sites based on biomass yield results in a high water stress impact (24.5 × 103 US equivalent BGY [BGYe]) for the long-term RD target. If we instead rank sites on water use efficiency, water consumption decreases on average by 62%, with an average reduction in biomass yield of 25%. To reconcile tradeoffs between biomass yield and water stress impacts, water stress indicator (AWARE-US) that represents relative water availability by region can be applied while considering biomass yield. This strategy removes sites located in water-stressed areas and keeps high-productivity sites. For the long-term RD target, this reduces water stress impacts by 55% (13.8 BGYe) without lowering yield or 97% (24.2 BGYe) with moderately lower (4%) yield, compared to the sites ranked by biomass yield alone. The results demonstrate that incorporating water stress into energy-scale algae biofuel production planning is key to achieving synergies between biofuel yield and fresh water stress impacts.
Fun, Failure, and Fulfillment: A Case Study Approach to Informal Athlete Leadership in Minor League Baseball

The purpose of this study was to crystalize a single case of informal athlete leadership in minor league baseball (MiLB) during the 2015 season. Teammates and coaches of a Class A MiLB team voted f...
Parasitic Selection and Group Selection: A Study of Conflict Interference in Rhesus and Japanese Macaque Monkeys

Macaques, like baboons, regularly exhibit third party interference in dyadic conflicts. These most hierarchical primates are well known for forming alliances and coalitions, so presence of interference is not surprising. But as a risky helping behavior which prevents damage to other individuals and also reduces levels of agonism in a group, interference does present some special problems for explanation.
Climate Model Evaluation in the Presence of Observational Uncertainty: Precipitation Indices over the Contiguous United States

AbstractClimate model evaluation is complicated by the presence of observational uncertainty. In this study we analyze daily precipitation indices and compare multiple gridded observational and rea...
Deception: The Great Pretender

Deception may be used to create acceptance of personal values by other people. Attempts at controlling and deceiving another person are products of a mental disorder stemming from insecurity and loneliness, which lead to depression and deceitful behavior. The term antisocial personality disorder (ASD) seems to be the preferred term for the many descriptors of psychopathic personality characteristics. Many individuals with psychopathic characteristics wear a disguise of a “mask of sanity.” ASD often begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues on into adulthood. It seems that permissive societal conditions reinforce narcissism and irresponsibility (e.g., which may also receive reinforcement by the mass media).
Surgical management of a complex case of Charcot arthropathy of the spine: a case report.

Introduction The authors present a case of a 55-year-old male with T10 complete paraplegia diagnosed with Charcot arthropathy of the spine (CAS). Case presentation He presented to an outside institution with vomiting and productive cough with subsequent computed tomography (CT) and MRI imaging revealing L5 osteomyelitis and a paraspinal abscess. Given the patient's inability to remain in good posture in his wheelchair he underwent a multilevel vertebrectomy and thoracolumbar fusion. Due to multiple co-morbidities, surgical recovery was complex, ultimately requiring revision circumferential fixation. Discussion CAS is an uncommon, long-term complication of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Surgical management is often complex and associated with significant complications. Currently, a consensus on CAS prevention, specific surgical fixation techniques and post-surgical nursing care management is lacking. In this case report we provide our experience in the management of a complex case of CAS to aid in decision making for future neurosurgeons who encounter this sequela of traumatic SCI.
Ukraine and Russia: From Civilied Divorce to Uncivil War

D'Anieri explores the dynamics within Ukraine, between Ukraine and Russia, and between Russia and the West, that emerged with the collapse of the Soviet Union and eventually led to war in 2014. Proceeding chronologically, this book shows how Ukraine's separation from Russia in 1991, at the time called a 'civilized divorce', led to what many are now calling 'a new Cold War'. He argues that the conflict has worsened because of three underlying factors - the security dilemma, the impact of democratization on geopolitics, and the incompatible goals of a post-Cold War Europe. Rather than a peaceful situation that was squandered, D'Anieri argues that these were deep-seated pre-existing disagreements that could not be bridged, with concerning implications for the resolution of the Ukraine conflict. The book also shows how this war fits into broader patterns of contemporary international conflict and should therefore appeal to researchers working on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Russia's relations with the West, and conflict and geopolitics more generally.
Blindness Visualizer: A Simulated Navigation Experience

Exploration of the challenges faced by individuals who are non sighted or visually impaired has primarily been limited to physical methods such as blindfolds and controlled environments. Using virtual reality, we provide a simulation of blind navigation using a shader effect with scattered light. The scattered light represents the auditory and haptic feedback that the player receives while using a walking cane to navigate the virtual environment. We discuss methods of development, and goals for this simulation.
Characterization of SETD3 methyltransferase–mediated protein methionine methylation

Most characterized protein methylation events encompass arginine and lysine N-methylation, and only a few cases of protein methionine thiomethylation have been reported. Newly discovered oncohistone mutations include lysine-to-methionine substitutions at positions 27 and 36 of histone H3.3. In these instances, the methionine substitution localizes to the active-site pocket of the corresponding histone lysine methyltransferase, thereby inhibiting the respective transmethylation activity. SET domain–containing 3 (SETD3) is a protein (i.e. actin) histidine methyltransferase. Here, we generated an actin variant in which the histidine target of SETD3 was substituted with methionine. As for previously characterized histone SET domain proteins, the methionine substitution substantially (76-fold) increased binding affinity for SETD3 and inhibited SETD3 activity on histidine. Unexpectedly, SETD3 was active on the substituted methionine, generating S-methylmethionine in the context of actin peptide. The ternary structure of SETD3 in complex with the methionine-containing actin peptide at 1.9 A resolution revealed that the hydrophobic thioether side chain is packed by the aromatic rings of Tyr312 and Trp273, as well as the hydrocarbon side chain of Ile310. Our results suggest that placing methionine properly in the active site—within close proximity to and in line with the incoming methyl group of SAM—would allow some SET domain proteins to selectively methylate methionine in proteins.
Planar transmission lines and coupled structures

Of particular interest in this work are the so-called planar transmission lines. Planar structures are extensions of the parallel plate transmission line, which is considered a planar transmission line. The term planar simply refers to the fact that in these transmission lines, the characteristics of the structure can be determined by the dimensions in a plane-the cross section of the structure. The term is often narrowed to those structures that can be conveniently produced by lithographic methods with particular applications to microwave integrated circuits although, in this work, we will use planar structures that are relatively large and their fabrication is entirely different.
TNFR1 and the TNFα axis as a targetable mediator of liver injury from stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Introduction Radiation therapy for the management of intrahepatic malignancies can adversely affect liver function. Liver damage has been associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We hypothesized that an inflammatory state, characterized by increased soluble TNFα receptor (sTNFR1), mediates sensitivity of the liver to radiation. Materials/Methods Plasma samples collected during 3 trials of liver radiation for liver malignancies were assayed for sTNFR1 level via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and longitudinal models were used to characterize associations between liver toxicity (defined as a ≥2-point increase in Child-Pugh [CP] score within 6 months of radiation treatment) and sTNFR1 levels, ALBI score, biocorrected mean liver dose (MLD), age, and baseline laboratory values. Results Samples from 78 patients given liver stereotactic body radiation therapy [SBRT] (92%) or hypofractionated radiation were examined. There was a significant association between liver toxicity and sTNFR1 levels, and higher values were associated with increased toxicity over a range of mean liver doses. When ALBI score and biocorrected dose were included in the model with sTNFR1, baseline ALBI score and change in ALBI (ΔALBI) were significantly associated with toxicity, but sTNFR1 was not. Baseline aminotransferase levels also predicted toxicity but not independently of ALBI score. Conclusions Elevated plasma sTNFR1 levels are associated with liver injury after liver radiation, suggesting that elevated inflammatory cytokine activity is a predictor of radiation-induced liver dysfunction. Future studies should determine whether administration of agents that decrease inflammation prior to treatment is warranted.
Use of treatment pathway improves neoadjuvant chemotherapy use in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

To assess the trends of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) use since its introduction in our practice pathway in patients with cT2 + bladder cancer over a 20-year period. This is a retrospective review of patients with cT2 + bladder cancer who underwent RC between 01/01/1998 and 01/01/2018 that aimed to evaluate the trends of NAC use and associated after implementation of a multidisciplinary treatment pathway. Cohorts were stratified into eras: pre-NAC (1998–2007) to NAC eras (2008–2018). Univariate analysis was conducted using Chi-squared test and Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to evaluate survival. In 904 total patients who underwent RC, there were 493 with cT2 + UCC disease. The rate of NAC peaked at 84.2% in the most recent year of analysis in all patients and was 100% in cT2 + patients eligible for NAC. There was an increased rate of complete response (downstage to pT0) from 8.7% to 15.8% (p = 0.018) between the two eras. Unadjusted survival analysis revealed improved overall survival (OS) between eras with 5-year OS 53.2% vs. 42.7% and 10-year OS 42.7% vs. 26.4% in the NAC vs. pre-NAC cohorts, respectively (p = 0.016). In this review of 20 years of experience, we report a dramatic rise in the use of NAC after adoption of a multidisciplinary pathway that is associated with expected survival benefits.
Inpatient Pediatric Palliative Care Consult Requests and Recommendations

Background/Purpose: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is the comprehensive care of children with life-limiting illness. Recently, the number of PPC programs has grown drastically, and most offer an inpatient consultative service throughout the hospital with a focus on improving quality of life (QOL). However, research is limited on inpatient PPC consults and the differences between ward and intensive care unit (ICU) consults. Such research may guide improvements to these services and the QOL of patients and families. Our aims were: 1) …
Students' Changing Mental Models of the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem

There is a nationwide focus in science education in the United States on the ability of students to develop and use models. Using the Contextual Model of Learning that considers learning is inseparably bound to the context in which it occurs, this study looks at drawings of the longleaf pine ecosystem created by 293 4th Grade students prior to and again after their multiple day visits to an environmental education center in the southeastern United States. Using flora and fauna processes considered as indicative of the ecosystem by ecologists, seven distinct mental model categories were developed from student artifacts. Comparison of the pre to post-frequencies in each model demonstrate a statistically significant increasing level of sophistication in the mental models to more closely approximate the conceptual models of ecologists after participation in instruction at the Center. Progression to more sophisticated mental models was documented even when addressing these models and their development was not a direct intent of the instruction. These data also support the importance that context can play in the learning of ecological concepts and the significance of including informal experiences to the formal K-12 curriculum.
Brain state and cortical layer-specific mechanisms underlying perception at threshold

Identical stimuli can be perceived or go unnoticed across successive presentations, producing divergent behavioral readouts despite similarities in sensory input. We hypothesized that fluctuations in neurophysiological states in the sensory neocortex, which could alter cortical processing at the level of neural subpopulations, underlies this perceptual variability. We analyzed cortical layer-specific electrophysiological activity in visual area V4 during a cued attention task. We find that hit trials are characterized by a larger pupil diameter and lower incidence of microsaccades, indicative of a behavioral state with increased arousal and perceptual stability. Target stimuli presented at perceptual threshold evoke elevated multi-unit activity in V4 neurons in hit trials compared to miss trials, across all cortical layers. Putative excitatory and inhibitory neurons are strongly positively modulated in the input (IV) and deep (V & VI) layers of the cortex during hit trials. Excitatory neurons in the superficial cortical layers exhibit lower variability in hit trials. Deep layer neurons are less phase-locked to low frequency rhythms in hits. Hits are also characterized by greater interlaminar coherence between the superficial and deep layers in the pre-stimulus period, and a complementary pattern between the input layer and both the superficial and deep layers in the stimulus-evoked period. Taken together, these results indicate that a state of elevated levels of arousal and perceptual stability allow enhanced processing of sensory stimuli, which contributes to hits at perceptual threshold.
Logic and Scientific Research

The process of scientific research is guided by the principles of logic, both inductive and deductive. Because logic is taught as a liberal arts discipline in colleges, students of science tend to bypass it in their course of study. Thus, an opportunity to learn the language of science that is necessary in doing the groundwork for research is lost. Logic is a part of philosophy; either at the undergraduate or graduate level, it is taught by professors in the Department of Philosophy, unless there is a Department of Logic at the particular college. Some of the more important terms of logic, as applied to scientific research, are reviewed in this chapter. With the definition and the context of logic in scientific research, the chapter also investigates several terms used in logic and their context in reasoning. Inductive arguments are very common in experimental research. Some overlapping, hence confusion, between induction and deduction is possible because it is left to the author of the argument whether to stress the probability, even when the probability is very high, or simply to equate very high probability with certainty.
Field and laboratory tests of the effects of fipronil on adult female bees of Apis mellifera, Megachile rotundata and Nomia melanderi

SUMMARYThe toxicity of fipronil (5-amino-1[2,6-dichloro- 4(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4(trifluorormethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazola-3-carbonitrate), to adult female bees was least to the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi, (LD50 = 1.130 pg/bee), intermediate to the honey bee, Apis mellifera, (0.013 μg/bee) and greatest to the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, (0.004 pg/bee), both in topical tests and tests involving fipronil residues on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) foliage. Adding an adjuvant to fipronil sprays changed the toxicity of fipronil to bees in residue bioassay studies with varying results with adjuvant and species of bee. Fipronil at 100 ppm and 500 ppm in feeders containing a sucrose/honey syrup caused a significant reduction in honey bee visitation. Spraying fipronil at 0.014 or 0.028 kg a.i./ha on flowering canola (Brassica napus cv. Legend) did not cause significant mortality of adult honey bees or reduce bee visitation.
Generic Identification of L-Forms by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic Comparison of Extracts from Parent Strains and Their Derived L-Forms

A polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method was used for identification of L-forms in the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus , and Proteus , by comparing phenol-acetic acid-water extracts of homologous parent L-form pairs to one another and to other pairs. The method requires only milligram quantities of material for analysis. The standard patterns for the strains used in this study are shown as pictures of the gels and as densitometric tracings of appropriate gels. They show that, despite occasional minor differences in some organisms, the gel electrophoretic patterns of homologous L-forms and bacterial pairs are sufficiently similar—as well as sufficiently dissimilar from patterns of other genera—to permit generic identification of an unknown L-form by reference to patterns derived from possible parental bacteria. Images
Deposition of Fuel Droplets in Horizontal Intake Manifolds and the Behavior of Fuel Film Flow on Its Walls

The behavior of liquid fuel droplets and the liquid fuel film within an intake manifold is studied. By considering the simultaneous processes of evaporation and acceleration of fuel droplets in an ongoing air stream, the deposition rate of the fuel droplets and their evaporation in an intake manifold is predicted. The fuel droplets deposited on the wall of an intake manifold become a liquid film flow. The behavior of the liquid flow is studied to determine the thickness and velocity of the film. A time constant describing the delay of fuel flow due to the liquid film is also determined.
Tinnitus: presence and future

Tinnitus has many forms; it can be caused by sounds generated in the body (objective tinnitus) that reaches the ear through conduction in body tissue, but much more common is the tinnitus that occurs without any physical sound reaching the ear. Such tinnitus (subjective tinnitus) is a phantom sensation, where abnormal neural activity is generated in the ear, the auditory nerve, or the central nervous system. There are many forms of subjective tinnitus and it can occur with different severity. Subjective tinnitus often occurs in connection with hearing loss such as may occur after exposure to loud sounds (noise), or after administration of drugs such as certain antibiotics, but often no cause can be found. Tinnitus often occurs together with presbycusis and it can occur in deafness. Tinnitus is a part of the symptoms of Meniere's disease and individuals with vestibular Schwannoma almost always have tinnitus. Some individuals who have severe tinnitus hear sounds as distorted and some have hyperacusis (reduced tolerance to sounds) or phonophobia (fear of sounds). Tinnitus can be referred to one ear, or both ears, or to a location inside the head. The anatomical location of the physiological abnormality of chronic subjective tinnitus, however, is rarely in the ear but more often in the auditory nervous system. There are indications that the pathophysiology of unilateral and bilateral tinnitus is different. There is considerable evidence that expression of neural plasticity plays a central role in the development of the abnormalities that cause many forms of chronic subjective tinnitus. Expression of neural plasticity can change the balance between excitation and inhibition in the nervous system, promote hyperactivity, and it can cause reorganization of specific parts of the nervous system or redirection of information to parts of the nervous system not normally involved in processing of sounds (non-classical or extralemniscal pathways). Since there are many kinds of subjective tinnitus, search for a (single) cure for tinnitus is futile. Testing of new treatments is hampered by the fact that it is not possible to distinguish between different forms of tinnitus for which different treatments may be effective.
Graduation: What Happens to the Retarded Child When He Grows Up?:

Interviews were held with parents or guardians of 120 graduates of classes for the moderately (trainable) retarded in a large southern California metropolitan school district in the years 1968, 1969, and 1970. Information was gathered to assess the quality of community life experienced by these moderately retarded adults after graduation from school. Recommendation is made for (a) new criteria for evaluation of community adjustment of the moderately retarded which emphasizes comprehensive postschool programing to meet the recreational and social needs of the retarded as well as to provide occupational and vocational training and (b) community based residential facilities to provide such programing as an alternative to the parent care model and the permanent parent-child relationship it reinforces.
Spatial Scale and Population Assignment Choices in Environmental Justice Analyses1

Environmental justice laws protect certain populations against discriminatory actions that may result from a myriad of enterprises, including transportation activities. Previous environmental equity studies examining the effects of transportation-engendered externalities have been criticized on several points, including (1) that the choice of a reference population for comparison to the criterion variable may influence the outcome of research results and (2) that the selection and use of inappropriate methodologies intended to identify and characterize populations may foreordain research outcomes. This article examines the potentially confounding effects of selected spatial scale and population assignment strategies as applied to a study of excessive noise levels at a large Midwestern airport, finding that reported outcomes can vary significantly as a function of methodological choices.
Di­cyano­durene–p-tetra­fluoro­di­iodo­benzene (1/1)

In the crystal structure of the 1:1 complex between di­cyano­durene (2,3,5,6-tetra­methyl-1,4-benzodicarbo­nitrile) and p-tetra­fluoro­di­iodo­benzene (2,3,5,6-tetra­fluoro-1,4-di­iodo­ben­zene), C12H12N2·C6F4I2, there are two major types of intermolecular interaction. The planar mol­ecules are stacked alternately in the common charge-transfer arrangement with mol­ecules 3.53 (3) A apart. In addition, the mol­ecules form linear chains, driven by CN⋯I interactions, with a distance of 3.061 (3) A. The di­cyano­durene and tetra­fluoro­di­iodo­benzene mol­ecules lie on centers of symmetry.
Allopurinol-induced DRESS syndrome in an adolescent patient.

: A 16-year-old male patient, with a history of essential hypertension enrolled in an experimental drug protocol using allopurinol, presented to our emergency department with a 10-day history of fever. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and transaminitis. After extensive work-up and exclusion of infectious and oncologic etiologies, the diagnosis of allopurinol-induced drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms syndrome was carried out. The patient responded to administration of IV methylprednisolone, with complete resolution of symptoms and improvement of laboratory abnormalities. This case represents the first report of allopurinol-induced drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms syndrome in a pediatric patient.
UT Austin Villa: RoboCup 2012 3D Simulation League Champion

The UT Austin Villa team, from the University of Texas at Austin, won the RoboCup 3D Simulation League in 2012 having also won the competition the previous year. This paper describes the changes and improvements made to the team between 2011 and 2012 that allowed it to repeat as champions.
Neuroendocrine influences and repercussions of the menopause.

I. Introduction II. Interplay Between the Ovary and Brain in Reproductive Senescence III. Neuroendocrine Contributions to the Menopause IV. Neuroendocrine Repercussions of the Menopause V. Summary
Internal consistency and validity assessment of SCL-90-R for bariatric surgery candidates.

Abstract Background Preoperative bariatric psychological evaluations often use both a clinical interview and psychometric testing. Given concerns regarding the psychometric properties of some measures, the present study explored the internal consistency reliability and validity of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and has provided a preliminary set of norms for the instrument within a bariatric population. Although the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery has included the SCL-90-R as a suggested measure for the assessment of personality and psychopathology, no known studies have reported on the reliability or validity of the SCL-90-R within bariatric samples. Methods The present study was completed at a large Midwestern medical center in the United States. SCL-90-R inventories were completed by 322 preoperative bariatric patients as a part of their psychological evaluation. Most patients were women (75.5%), with a mean age of 46.7 ± 10.8 years and a mean body mass index of 50.4 ± 10.9 kg/m 2 . Results The internal consistency coefficients for the 9 subscales were .76–.90. Convergent validity was demonstrated by scale correlations with the data gathered in the clinical interview. Conclusion Compared with other recently studied measures, including the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic, the SCL-90-R demonstrated good internal consistency and preliminary validity data for bariatric patients. Providers might want to consider the SCL-90-R as a screening measure for bariatric surgery patients.
Endogenous baboon type C virus (M7): biochemical and immunologic characterization.

Abstract A type C virus (M7) was isolated from a baboon placenta and grown to high titer in a canine thymus cell line. M7 virions contain a 70,000 molecular weight reverse transcriptase and a group specific (gs) protein of approximately 30,000 molecular weight which are antigenically related to the homologous proteins of other mammalian type C viruses. The M7 viral polymerase is not inhibited by antisera prepared against viral polymerases of a woolly monkey type C virus or Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), but is partially inhibited by antisera prepared against the polymerase of the feline virus, RD-114. A competitive radioimmunoassay for the gs protein of RD-114 also detects the gs protein of the M7 virus, indicating the presence of cross-reacting antigenic determinants not detected in the gs proteins of other type C viruses. In contrast, the M7 gs protein is only minimally detected in an assay for interspecies (gs-3) determinants which detects the gs proteins of other mammalian type C viruses. While the M7 virus and viruses of the RD -114 CCC group replicate readily in certain cell lines of canine and human origin, the M7 virus cannot be propagated on a cat cell strain which is permissive for endogenous feline viruses of the RD -114 CCC group. Two previously described type C viruses, isolated from primates, show no immunologic relationship to the M7 virus.
Design and implementation of a bidirectional HEV energy management strategy using a switched capacitor Luo converter

A novel power electronics energy management system for hybrid electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) is designed using a bidirectional switched capacitor (SC) DC/DC Luo converter. The controller uses the voltage-lift technique and presents a low output ripple, high power density, high efficiency, high voltage gain, and simple structure. A detailed efficiency modeling and analysis is also presented to support the claims.
The Cultural Politics of Tourism in San Francisco's Chinatown, 1882-1917

During the 1880s San Francisco bohemians began to portray Chinatown as a place in which the forces of marginalization allowed a premodern authenticity to fl ourish. Their depictions of Chinatown resonated with a growing number of tourists. Historians have examined these developments, but few have considered the ways in which touristic interest in "authentic Chinatown" created new opportunities for entrepreneurial activity and social action. As this article argues, white and Chinese San Franciscans seized these opportunities. By the 1890s white tour guides had begun to stage scenes of depravity and present them as "authentic." Some Chinese San Franciscans performed within these scenes; others responded to tourists with practiced indifference, contempt, or hostility. A loose coalition of Chinatown merchants pursued a third strategy. They sought to rechannel touristic interest by locating Chinatown9s authenticity within its exotic architecture, theatrical performances, curios, and cuisine. In doing so, they affi rmed perceptions of Chinese American "otherness."
Abstract 5660: Cell-free generation and characterization of ErbB2-nanoparticle conjugates.

We have developed a rapid process for cell-free production of full-length ErbB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to the onset and progression of breast and other tumor types. The receptor is solubilized and stabilized via incorporation into nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs). NLPs are discoidal structures, approximately 20 nm in diameter, that arise from the self-assembly of apolipoproteins around a phospholipid bilayer that acts as a mimic of the cell membrane. The ErbB2-NLP complex was soluble and could be recognized by antibodies, such as Trastuzumab, that indicate the presence of correctly folded ErbB2 extracellular domains. Kinase function was confirmed using Lapatinib, which inhibited tyrosine autophosphorylation during cell-free synthesis. The cell-free synthesis and biochemical characterization data support the potential use of ErbB2-NLPs and related variants for novel biochemistry and drug screening studies. Citation Format: Wei He, Matthew Saldana, Tiffany Scharadin, Candice Gellner, Yuanpei Li, Kit Lam, Kermit Carraway, Paul Henderson, Matthew Coleman. Cell-free generation and characterization of ErbB2-nanoparticle conjugates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5660. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5660
Face Management, Question Wording, and Social Desirability1

Five experiments were conducted to examine the impact of question wording manipulations derived from face management theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987) on responses to survey questions. In general, it was expected that questions phrased so as to allow the respondent to maintain face while answering in a socially undesirable manner would result in lower rates of socially desirable responding than would control questions. The results strongly supported this hypothesis for questions regarding socially desirable knowledge (e.g., Are you familiar with NAFTA?), but not for questions about socially desirable behavior (e.g., Did you vote?). The results were partially supportive for questions about socially undesirable behaviors (e.g., Have you ever shoplifted?).
Case report 817

A case of prolonged history of synovial chondromatosis of the knee joint that transformed into low-grade chondrosarcoma was reported. The pathological differentiation of this rare entity from synovial chondromatosis has been discussed, as have the radiographic appearance and differential diagnosis.
Cognitive simplicity in the Type A “coronary-prone” pattern

The degree of cognitive complexity exhibited in the decision making of Type A individuals was assessed. Cognitive complexity/simplicity was characterized as a heterogeneous construct rather than a unitary trait. Tendencies to perceive ambiguity as threatening, to be imperceptive of subtle differences among stimuli, and to underutilize available information in decision making were considered manifestations of cognitive simplicity. Subjects completed the Jenkins Activity Survey along with three measures of cognitive complexity. As opposed to their Type B counterparts, Type A subjects exhibited cognitive simplicity by making decisons unidimensionally, focusing upon a single stimulus feature while giving relatively little weight to the remaining stimulus dimensions. This style may enhance Type A individuals' sense of control over mastery-threatening situations, but it may also hinder their ability to recognize and then avoid pathogenic situations and behaviors that contribute to risk of heart disease.
Study of occupational risk factors for pregnancy‐induced hypertension among active duty enlisted navy personnel

The relationship between occupational exposures and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) was investigated in a cohort of 5,605 enlisted active duty military women who gave birth during a 2-year period of time. A panel of experts, unaware of disease status, classified the women's job titles as "high," "medium," or "low" for a variety of occupational exposures. PIH was identified through hospital discharge ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Nulliparas were found to have a significantly increased risk ratio (RR) for PIH (RR = 2.3) compared with parous women. Nulliparas employed in jobs involving high levels of physical activity were at significantly decreased risk of PIH compared to nulliparas working at low levels of physical activity (construction craftsmen, RR = 0.37; unskilled laborers RR = 0.71). Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals was not related to risk of PIH. Although the study results are limited by aggregate exposure classification, they suggest no adverse influence of occupational exertion and a possible beneficial role among nulliparas.
Irrigation of the anterior chamber for the treatment of alkali burns

A 31-year-old man had sodium hydroxide blown into his amblyopic left eye after an explosion caused by placing solid sodium hydroxide cleanser into a plugged drain. The eye was treated with topical and intraocular irrigation, and lactated Ringer's solution and the patient was given topical antibiotics, systemic and topical corticosteroids, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Acetylcysteine drops were administered, and a contact lens was placed. The patient subsequently developed severe pain, hypopyon, and hyphema. The cornea was ulcerated and perforated 27 days after injury, and the eye was enucleated 70 days after injury.
The enemy within: dormant retroviruses awaken

Mammalian genomes harbor regulatory elements from ancient retroviral infections. These retroviral remnants are normally silenced by DNA methylation—but this can change. Reactivation of one such element triggers the expression of a nearby oncogene during the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma (571–579).
Geology of the Rattlesnake Creek Mile 4 Damsite, Central Washington

Geologic mapping of lower Rattlesnake Creek Canyon in south-central Washington shows the potential for future landsliding at the proposed Mile 4 damsite. Lower Rattlesnake Canyon is cut into north-dipping flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (Miocene). Past failure along sedimentary layers (interbeds) between basalt flows allowed a large slab containing several basalt flows to move northward across the canyon, damming the creek. The Mile 4 damsite is located at the point where Rattlesnake Creek cut a new channel around the slab. Failure of the southeast abutment can occur from renewed slab movement or from leakage through or under the slide block. Additional sliding is possible along the south reservoir rim. Several recommendations are suggested to improve knowledge about the stability of the proposed damsite.
Response characteristics of a fractional oscillator

Abstract The integral equation of motion of a driven fractional oscillator is obtained by generalizing the corresponding equation of motion of a driven harmonic oscillator to include integrals of arbitrary order according to the methods of fractional calculus. The Green's function solution for the fractional oscillator is obtained in terms of Mittag–Leffler functions using Laplace transforms. The response and resonance characteristics of the fractional oscillator are studied for several cases of forcing function.
A game theoretic approach to robust filtering

A game theoretic approach to the filtering or smoothing problem is presented. A family of stationary information carrying processes and generalized models for the noise channel and the filter is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of saddle-point type solutions are stated. In addition, the solution for a special case of noise channel, a family of information carrying processes, and a nonlinear filter are found.
Technology control regimes and the globalization of space industry

Abstract This paper provides theoretical underpinnings for further discussions on the future direction of the international aerospace community in an era of globalization. It points out that changes in the international distribution of resources are placing strains on the basic operating principles of the current technology control regime, but at this stage the social groupings do not appear to be in place to overturn the current paradigm. Instead, this paper suggests that current operating principles could be modified in order for the current regime to keep pace with globalization. These changes would include: (1) a shift in the monitoring mechanism of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) requiring looser supervision but greater transparency; (2) greater inclusion of private industry as a stakeholder in MTCR proceedings; and (3) much more focus on the list of prescribed technologies to include only those which are most critical to the development of military missiles.
Resolvents and solutions of weakly singular linear Volterra integral equations

Abstract The structure of the resolvent R ( t , s ) for a weakly singular matrix function B ( t , s ) is determined, where B ( t , s ) is the kernel of the linear Volterra vector integral equation (E ) x ( t ) = a ( t ) + ∫ 0 t B ( t , s ) x ( s ) d s and a ( t ) is a given continuous vector function. Using contraction mappings in a Banach space of continuous vector functions with an exponentially weighted norm, we show that when B ( t , s ) satisfies certain integral conditions, R ( t , s ) has the form R ( t , s ) = B ( t , s ) + R 1 ( t , s ) , where R 1 ( t , s ) is the unique continuous solution of the integral equation R 1 ( t , s ) = B 1 ( t , s ) + ∫ s t B ( t , u ) R 1 ( u , s ) d u and B 1 ( t , s ) is defined by B 1 ( t , s ) : = ∫ s t B ( t , u ) B ( u , s ) d u . As examples, the formulas of resolvents for a couple of weakly singular kernels of practical interest are derived. We also obtain conditions under which a weakly singular integral equation (E) has a unique continuous solution x ( t ) and show that it can be expressed in terms of R ( t , s ) by x ( t ) = a ( t ) + ∫ 0 t R ( t , s ) a ( s ) d s . Finally, we show that there are parallel results for an alternative resolvent R ˜ ( t , s ) and examine when it and R ( t , s ) are equivalent.
Hippocampal injury and neurobehavioral deficits are improved by PD 81,723 following hyperglycemic cerebral ischemia

We investigated the effects of PD 81,723, an allosteric enhancer for the adenosine A(1) receptor subtype, on hippocampal injury and Morris water maze (MWM) performance following hyperglycemic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (4-VO, 10 min) in the rat. PD 81,723 (3 or 10 mg/kg) or the equivalent volume of saline was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to ischemia. Moderate hyperglycemia was achieved by administration of D-glucose (3g/kg, i.p.) 15 min prior to induction of ischemia. Morris water maze trials were performed on the 6th, 7th, and 8th days after the ischemic insult. The rat brains were sectioned (8 microm), stained with cresyl violet/acid fuchsin, and evaluated for hippocampal ischemic injury by an experimenter blinded to the treatment conditions. At the higher dose, PD 81,723 (10 mg/kg) had no effect on hippocampal injury or MWM performance following hyperglycemic ischemia compared to corresponding saline-treated animals. In contrast, a lower dose of PD 81,723 (3 mg/kg) resulted in significant (P < 0.05, n = 8) reduction of hippocampal injury following hyperglycemic ischemia. Furthermore, corresponding Morris water maze performance (latency, learning index, and cumulative distance swum) was significantly improved by PD 81,723 (P < 0.05, n = 8). The results of the present study suggest that, in the presence of PD 81,723, an A(1) allosteric enhancer, endogenously produced adenosine is sufficient to exert significant neuroprotection during hyperglycemic ischemia. Moreover, the present study provides further evidence for a neuromodulatory role of adenosine during hyperglycemic ischemia.
Hybrid lattice particle modeling : Theoretical considerations for a 2D elastic spring network for dynamic fracture simulations

Abstract A new hybrid lattice particle modeling (HLPM) scheme is proposed. The particle–particle interaction is derived from lattice modeling (LM) theory, whereas the computational scheme follows particle modeling (PM) technique. The newly proposed HLPM considers different particle interaction schemes, involving not only particles in the nearest neighborhood, but also the second nearest neighborhood. Different mesh structures with triangular or rectangular unit cells can be used. The current paper is concerned with the mathematical derivations of elastic interaction between contiguous particles in 2D lattice networks, accounting for different types of linkage mechanism and different shapes of lattice. Axial (α) and combined axial-angular (α − β) models are considered. Derivations are based on the equivalence of strain energy stored in a unit cell with its associated continuum structure in the case of in-plane elasticity. Conventional PM technique was restricted to a fixed Poisson’s ratio and had a strong bias in crack propagation direction, as a result of the geometry of the adopted lattice network. The current HLPM is free from the above-mentioned deficiencies and can be applied to a wide range of impact and dynamic fracture failure problems. Although the current analysis is based on the linear elastic spring model, inelastic considerations can be easily implemented, as HLPM has the same force interaction scheme as PM, based on the Lennard–Jones potential.
Further studies on the interaction of immobilized folate binding protein and enzyme-folate conjugates; an enzyme-linked competitive binding assay for folate

Abstract The kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the folate interaction with immobilized folate binding protein (FBP) are examined. The use of enzyme-rather than radio-labeled folate provides insight into the complex binding mechanism of folate with FBP and indicates that polymerization of the binding protein (evident for FBP-folate association in solution) is not a prerequisite for the cooperative behavior observed. An enzyme-linked competitive binding assay for folate based on this interaction is described and dose-response curves demonstrate the sensitivity and selectivity of the method. The accuracy of the assay is tested by determining folate in infant formula.
Women's adoption of a business uniform: A content analysis of magazine advertisements

This study investigates the extent to which the skirted suit is portrayed as the business uniform for women. A survey of 2,576 advertisements in general interest and business magazines for the first six months of 1963, 1973, and 1983 indicates that business women, especially managers or professionals, are increasingly attired in the skirted suit. However, the skirted suit appears to be a relatively new standard and has not replaced all other acceptable attire for women. Consequences of wearing the skirted suit are discussed.
Limit analysis of orthotropic plates

Abstract An analysis of the carrying capacity of orthotropic plates based upon the yield criterion suggested by Hill is presented. Numerical examples are given in terms of uniformly loaded square plates simply supported on the boundary. For isotropic plates the analysis yields results identical to those obtained by Hodge.