cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori and Cytokines in the Genesis of Gastric Cancer

Rudolph Virchow pioneered the hypothesis that inflammation exerts a profound influence on the development and biological behavior of cancer nearly 150 years ago, and since that time it has become increasingly apparent that microbial pathogens contribute to the genesis of a substantial number of malignancies worldwide (1). Conservative estimates indicate that nearly 15% of all cancer cases are attributable to infectious agents, translating to a malignant burden of 1.2 million cases per year (1). One mechanism that contributes to carcinogenesis induced by chronic pathogens is the concomitant inflammatory response that leads to the production of mutagenic substances, such as nitric oxide (2). Nitric oxide, in turn, can be converted to reactive nitrogen species, which nitrosylate a variety of cellular targets including DNA and proteins, and similarly, Superoxide anion radicals generated by polymorphonuclear cells induce DNA damage through the formation of DNA adducts. Viral agents can directly transform host cells by integrating active oncogenes into the host genome (1). Thus, there is precedence and support for the concept that infectious agents can initiate or promote pathways that eventuate in neoplasia.
Brain Cholinergic Systems and the Pathogenesis of Affective Disorders

Extreme and debilitating fluctuations in mood have long been thought to involve chemical imbalances in the central nervous system. The role of catecholamines in the affective disorders has been emphasized since the pioneering work by Schildkraut and Kety (1967) and others, who noted that drugs which elevate mood and which are effective in the treatment of depression facilitate catecholaminergic transmission in the brain, and conversely, that drugs which may produce depression and that are used in the treatment of manic behavior tend to antagonize the synaptic actions of dopamine and norepinephrine. Measurements of catecholamine metabolites in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid of manic and depressed patients have also produced some evidence consistent with the view that depression is associated with reduced catecholaminergic synaptic transmission (Schildkraut, 1973; Schildkraut and Kety, 1967).
Reinforcement of bone cement around the femoral prosthesis tip by pre-coated wire coil: a human cadaver bone study

In order to alleviate fixation-related problems of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA), a wire coil was incorporated within the cement mantle at the distal end of femoral prosthesis in a sectioned human cadaver specimen. Mechanical push-out test results showed that the wire reinforcement reduces the hoop strain by 50% at the exterior surface of the bone. The reinforced specimen also showed less axial stem displacement. The use of wire coil within the cement mantle could reduce hoop strain and axial stem displacement in the femoral prosthesis of total hip joint implants.
Reaction Series for Dioctahedral Smectite: The Synthesis of Mixed-Layer Pyrophy-Llite/Smectite

Abstract Mixed-layer pyrophyllite/smectite, a member of the Al-smectite reaction series, has been synthesized from Ca- and Na-saturated Wyoming montmorillonite by treating the clay hydrothermally in a run solution containing Al 3+ . Temperatures for synthesis ranged between 320°C and 400°C at autoclave pressures, and run times ranged between 3 and 30 days. Reaction towards pyrophyllite was favored by increasing run time, temperature and concentration of Al 3+ . Calculated diffraction profiles for random and ordered pyrophyllite/smectite are presented.
Nerves and the Detection and Perception of Pain

Consider the problems facing very early investigators who were trying to understand how nerves were related to pain. On gross examination, nerves, tendons and ligaments all looked alike and the brain was a fragile gelatinous blob that easily fell apart. Initial theories on nerves and pain focused on supernatural forces such as animal spirits and souls. The famous Greek philosopher, Plato, recognized two different souls, the mortal soul responsible for pain, pleasure and lust, located in the liver and heart and the immortal soul responsible for rational behavior, located in the brain. Plato felt that pain acted exclusively on the mortal soul but it could alter the ability of the immortal soul to act rationally. Unlike Plato, his pupil Aristotle localized the immortal soul to the heart and believed that pain and pleasure resulted from ripples in the blood vessels of the heart.
Tennina, Lucía. Cuidado com os poetas! Literatura e periferia na cidade de São Paulo, translated by Ary Pimentel, Zouk, 2017.

Cuidado com os poetas! Literatura e periferia na cidade de Sao Paulo shows how urban peripheral communities of the city, often all referred to erroneously as favelas in the media, are spaces where cultural and literary production flourish. A professor of literature at the University of Buenos Aires with a background in anthropology, Tennina combines literary analysis with first-person interviews to effectively counter popular discourses that associate these communities solely with criminality and drug trafficking.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Academic Coaching for Academically At-Risk College Students

The purpose of this study, which was conducted over the course of five semesters at one institution, was to determine the effectiveness of the Academic Coaching for Excellence (ACE) program for academically at-risk students. The study utilized archival data, which had been collected by the Center for Academic Retention and Enrichment Services (CARES), for 1434 undergraduate students in a cohort-based, nonequivalent groups post-tests design. Results indicated that full- and part-time students who participated in academic coaching had significant GPA increases, were more likely to earn at least a 2.00 GPA in the intervention semester, and were more likely to be retained at the university the following semester than were those students who did not participate in the program. Implications for higher education professionals are discussed.
Should Cone Beam Computed Tomography Be Routinely Obtained in Implant Planning

Clinical assessment and conventional 2-D radiographs often provide inadequate diagnostic data for proper implant placement. Cone beam CT (CBCT) enables 3-D visualization of the alveolar ridge, aiding clinicians with identification of anatomic structures and pathologies. CBCT provides accurate linear measurements at low radiation dose compared with conventional CT scan, which helps in diagnosis and treatment planning, particularly in complex implant cases. Even though straightforward implant surgery can be performed with careful clinical and 2-D radiographic assessment, CBCT should be considered. It provides the unparalleled benefit of computer-aided implant planning, leading to improved clinical outcomes and reduced complications.
A nonparametric approach to 3D shape analysis from digital camera images – II

With the wide availability of digital cameras and high quality smart phone cameras the world is awash in digital images. These cameras are most often uncalibrated meaning that one does not have kno...
Pretreatment of murine donor grafts with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester: Elimination of graft-versus-host disease without detrimental effects on engraftment

Incubation of murine bone marrow and splenocytes with the dipeptide methyl ester, L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe), which results in the selective depletion of cytotoxic T cells and their precursors, natural killer cells, and monocytes, completely protected 30 recipients of fully allogeneic donor grafts from lethal graft-versus- host disease (GVHD). These results were comparable with those obtained in 30 recipients of anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement (C')-treated donor marrow. However, in contrast to antibody- and C'-dependent T-cell depletion, which reduces the level of donor cell engraftment in our model system, we did not observe such effects using Leu-Leu-OMe marrow pretreatment. As compared with the 24 H-2 typed recipients of anti-Thy 1.2 + C'-treated donor grafts, the 29 H-2 typed recipients of Leu-Leu- OMe-treated donor grafts had significantly (P less than .001) higher percentages of donor cells (mean = 93% v 74%) and significantly (P less than .001) lower percentages of host cells (mean = 6% v 15%) posttransplantation. In vitro limiting dilution assay (LDA) was performed to assess the comparative efficacy of cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursor depletion by Leu-Leu-OMe or anti-Thy 1.2 + C' pretreatment. We observed greater levels of CTL precursor depletion in Leu-Leu-OMe treated as compared with anti-Thy 1.2 + C'-treated bone marrow plus spleen cells (BMS) obtained from nontransplanted mice. This suggests that the in vivo results cannot simply be attributed to a less efficacious functional inactivation of cytolytic T-cell precursors by Leu-Leu-OMe treatment as compared with anti-Thy 1.2 + C' treatment. Immunoreconstitution was similar in recipients of Leu-Leu-OMe-treated grafts and anti-Thy 1.2 + C'-treated grafts 100 days posttransplant. In our opinion, Leu-Leu-OMe marrow pretreatment deserves further investigation as a methodology to achieve GVHD prevention without significantly reducing the propensity toward host cell repopulation.
Individual, Family, and School Correlates across Patterns of High School Poly-substance Use

Background: Recent popularity in e-cigarette use among high school students and the legalization of marijuana across many states resulted in new patterns of poly-substance use (PSU). Objective: The...
Oral Microbiota: Discovering and Facing the New Associations with Systemic Diseases

The economic crisis of the first decades of the 2000s had serious repercussions on the economy of individual countries, producing a gradual impoverishment of populations. The reduction in financial resources has significantly reduced citizens’ access to care, forcing them to abandon preventive medicine treatments and check-ups. The health of the oral cavity, which had long been considered of secondary importance when compared with systemic pathologies whose course can be potentially fatal for the patient, has therefore been strongly neglected. In recent years, however, new mechanisms of etiology of systemic diseases have been studied with the aim of evaluating some aspects still unknown. The microbiota, whose interest has grown considerably in the national scientific community, was immediately considered as a key factor in the pathogenesis of some disorders. These analyses have also benefited from numerous advances in the field of crop and molecular diagnostics in the microbiological field. Although pioneering studies have focused on the microbiota of the gastro-intestinal system, subsequent evidence has also been drawn from various studies conducted on the oral microbiota. What emerged is that oral microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with numerous systemic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to encourage scientific research on the topic of the relationship between the oral microbiota and systemic diseases, also inviting the use of new techniques for culture and molecular diagnosis. Particular attention will be given to original works in vivo and to literature reviews provided they are carried out with a systematic approach and, if possible, supported by additional quantitative analyses.
Frictional Heating of a Uniform Finite Thickness Material Rubbing Against an Elastomer

In this paper a general mathematical analysis is presented to study the rise in temperature due to frictional heating of two surfaces rubbing against one another. The problem has been formulated in terms of a plane of finite thickness rubbing against rectangular and pyramidal shaped elastomeric sliders. The plane has been treated as a rigid solid, but the analysis is also expected to hold for an elastomeric plane. Formulas for the average and maximum temperatures in the contact area and the distribution of the temperature in the bodies of the slider and the plane are presented. The parameters investigated include the coefficient of friction, velocity of slide, normal load, thickness of the plane, geometric dimensions of the slider, and the elastic and thermal constants of the plane and the slider. The results are presented in closed form analytical expressions which can be easily evaluated on an electronic computer. The analytical predictions are correlated with measurements on a lightly loaded pyramidal shaped rubber slider moving over a smooth plane.
A Brief Literature Review on Human Perceptions of Service Robots with a Focus on Healthcare

Service robots are becoming increasingly popular in the world where they interact with humans on a semi- or routine basis. It is essential to understand human perceptions of these robots, as they a...
A LINC between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton takes form(in).

Dynamic nuclear positioning requires the formation of robust connections between the cytoskeleton and components of the LINC complex, a protein assembly that spans the nuclear envelope. A new study by Lim et al. (2021) reveals the mechanism of association between the LINC complex proteins Nesprin-1/2 Giant and the cytoplasmic formin FHOD1.
Detection of Enterococcus hirae in a case of acute osteomyelitis.

Abstract Enterococci are important microorganisms of the gut microbiome in many mammals and cause millions of infections annually. An increasing resistance to antibiotics has led to their emergence as superinfecting nosocomial pathogens in humans. Enterococcus hirae is rarely identified in humans. In this study, we present a case of the polymicrobial osteomyelitis involving Enterococcus hirae in a 33-year-old male patient with traumatic tibia-fibula fracture after a motor vehicle accident. He underwent a right below-the-knee amputation and antibiotics with excellent improvement. Our case study helps to confirm the unexpected presence of Enterococcus hirae in a human specimen. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical implications of Enterococcus hirae.
The role of digital health technology in rural cancer care delivery: A systematic review.

Purpose Rural residents face higher cancer incidence rates and mortality rates, disparities that could be mitigated with health technology interventions, yet a digital divide is also apparent. This paper systematically and critically examines existing literature to understand how digital technologies have been used to support rural oncology care. Methods PubMed, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched using Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords. Studies were eligible if they presented empirical data investigating the use of technology in rural oncology and were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal within the last decade. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Findings Digital health has been less extensively utilized in rural oncology compared with the general cancer population and other chronic diseases. We identified 54 studies that used technology in rural cancer care delivery, a comparatively small number, representing a significant gap in the literature. Studies were classified into 4 categories: Telemedicine (n = 32), phone calls (n = 11), Internet (n = 9), and mobile phone (n = 2). Of the 54 articles, 12 were RCTs, 17 were quasi-experimental, 3 were descriptive, 12 were mixed methods, and 10 were qualitative. Most of the studies involved patients only (n = 31) and were not specific to a cancer type (n = 41). Conclusions Further implementation and expansion of telemedicine and phone-based strategies in rural cancer care delivery are warranted. Rural cancer survivors value digital approaches to their care. However, social and behavioral determinants of health and access to technology must be considered.
NASA's Earth Science Enterprise: Future Science Missions, Objectives and Challenges

NASA has been actively involved in studying the planet Earth and its changing environment for well over thirty years. Within the last decade, NASA's Earth Science Enterprise has become a major observational and scientific element of the U.S. Global Change Research Program. NASA's Earth Science Enterprise management has developed a comprehensive observation-based research program addressing all the critical science questions that will take us into the next century. Furthermore, the entire program is being mapped to answer five Science Themes (1) land-cover and land-use change research (2) seasonal-to-interannual climate variability and prediction (3) natural hazards research and applications (4) long-term climate-natural variability and change research and (5) atmospheric ozone research. Now the emergence of newer technologies on the horizon and at the same time continuously declining budget environment has lead to an effort to refocus the Earth Science Enterprise activities. The intent is not to compromise the overall scientific goals, but rather strengthen them by enabling challenging detection, computational and space flight technologies those have not been practically feasible to date. NASA is planning faster, cost effective and relatively smaller missions to continue the science observations from space for the next decade. At the same time, there is a growing interest in the world in the remote sensing area which will allow NASA to take advantage of this by building strong coalitions with a number of international partners. The focus of this presentation is to provide a comprehensive look at the NASA's Earth Science Enterprise in terms of its brief history, scientific objectives, organization, activities and future direction.
The cyclic tyrosination/detyrosination of alpha tubulin.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the literature concerning posttranslational modification of tubulin and discusses several methods deemed useful to the study of the cellular aspects of this molecular modification. The rapid cyclic tyrosination/detyrosination observed in living cells is linked to the dynamic exchange of tubulin dimers between the free dimer pool and the microtubules. Because the optimal pH for tubulin–tyrosine ligase (TTLase) activity in vitro is not optimal for stabilizing the acceptor activity of tubulin, the systems described in this chapter are based on the fact that a second peak of TTLase activity is found at a lower pH, where the tubulin substrate should be much more stable. The first system is useful for assaying extracts for TTLase activity levels and the second supports microtubule polymerization and function, as well as tyrosination of tubulin. Possible implications of the linkage of the rapid tyrosine turnover with the dynamic exchange of free tubulin dimers and microtubules are also discussed in the chapter.
Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A Practitioner Workbook

Introduction. Foundations of MI. The Use of OARS: Reflective Listening. The Use of OARS: Open-ended Questions, Affirmations, and Summaries. Recognizing, Reinforcing, and Eliciting Change Talk. Managing Resistance. Opening a Session or Topic. Working with Ambivalence. Information Sharing, Offering Concern, and Giving Advice. The Key Question. Negotiating a Treatment Plan. Learning MI. Appendix A: Establishing an MI Learning Group. Appendix B: Additional Resources.
Error Rates, Error Projection, and Consideration of Sampling Risk: Audit Sampling Data from the Field

Previous research has examined error characteristics of accounting populations as well as auditors’ evaluation of sample errors. In addition, many studies about audit sampling techniques frequently rely on assumptions concerning the error characteristics of accounting populations. These studies precede the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which likely had a significant impact on financial reporting and internal controls, as well as auditor sampling performance. We investigate error rates and auditor performance in evaluating sample errors using a unique proprietary post-SOX data set of 160 audit sampling applications for a large auditing firm. We find that errors are significantly lower in magnitude and frequency in the post-SOX period, and significantly improved auditor performance in evaluating sample errors. The low error rates in our study suggest that the criticisms of typical audit sampling techniques reported previously in the literature may not be a serious concern for most audit sampling applications.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Auditory and Visual Hallucinations.

Investigations of possible mechanisms underlying hallucinations have indicated that abnormal excitation of brain tissue and abnormal regulation of cognitive activity may contribute to hallucinations. The cognitive control deficits in auditory hallucinations are in some ways similar to those in persons with damage to the frontal lobes of the brain. An examination of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance of 10 psychiatric patients with auditory hallucinations, 10 patients with visual hallucinations and 20 patients with no hallucinations showed evidence of general cognitive impairment with a left frontal focus in the auditory group and no evidence of neuropsychological impairment in the visual group. Both self-awareness and control of internal speech involve left frontal mediation and the possible contribution of deficiencies in these functions to the appearance of auditory hallucinations is discussed.
The Bee Battles: Karl von Frisch, Adrian Wenner and the Honey Bee Dance Language Controversy

In 1967, American biologist Adrian Wenner (1928–) launched an extensive challenge to Karl von Frisch’s (1886–1982) theory that bees communicate to each other the direction and distance of food sources by a symbolic dance language. Wenner and various collaborators argued that bees locate foods solely by odors. Although the dispute had largely run its course by 1973 – von Frisch was awarded a Nobel Prize, while Wenner withdrew from active bee research – it offers us a rare window into mid-twentieth century discussions about animals, language, and cognition. Historians, sociologists, and scientists have commented on the debate and its outcome, but none has seriously questioned why von Frisch and Wenner pursued such different explanations of the bees’ dances. In this paper, I explore von Frisch and Wenner’s differing visions of animals and their behaviors and show how these contributed to their respective positions. Von Frisch’s early-twentieth-century training in experimental physiology disposed him to focus on individual animals, their abilities, and their behaviors’ evolutionary significance. Wenner, by contrast, was trained in mathematics and statistics and the Schneirla school of behavior. He viewed the bees’ behaviors probabilistically with an eye toward the entire hive and its surroundings and ultimately explained them in terms of simple stimulus–response conditioning. Finally, while the debate was resolved in von Frisch’s favor, he neither waged nor won the battle by himself. Instead, I show that practitioners, whose agendas ranged from the nascent fields of sociobiology to cognitive ethology, took up the cause of the communicating bees.
The influence of partial synchronization of cell growth on the inhibition of L1210 cell viability by mouse thymus DNA.

Nous avons trouve que le cycle de la vie de la cellule L1210 regle les effets inhibitoires du DNA du thymus de la souris sur la viabilite cellulaire. Les cellules obtenues a la phase G2 des cultures partiellement synchronisees etaient inhibitees presque 2 fois plus que les cellules obtenues des cultures asynchroniques. Le DNA n'avait guere d'effet toxique sur les cellules obtenues aux phases S et M. Les fluctuations dans la viabilite cellulaire n'etaient pas causees par des changements proportionnels dans l'absorption du DNA.
Mechanical Pressure and Stretch Release Endothelin-1 From Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries In Vivo

Background Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived vasoactive peptide with mitogenic properties. In vitro, vascular release of ET-1 is increased in response to mechanical stress. The goal of the present study was to examine whether ET-1 is released from human atherosclerotic coronary arteries in vivo in response to mechanical pressure and stretch and to characterize immunoreactivity for ET-1 and its precursor, big ET-1, within the atheromatous plaque. Methods and Results Circulating ET-1 levels were measured in 20 patients before and after coronary angioplasty for stable angina at three sampling sites: the femoral artery and the coronary artery segments proximal and distal to the lesion dilated. In addition, atheromatous tissue obtained from 20 patients undergoing directional coronary atherectomy for stable angina were analyzed for immunoreactivity for ET-1 and big ET-1. In patients undergoing angioplasty, ET-1 levels in the distal coronary artery increased after balloon dilatation (8.4±0.9 to 16.4±...
The Effects of Biofeedback-Induced Relaxation Training in Hyperactive Adolescent Boys

Summary This study examined the effects of biofeedback-induced relaxation training on locus of control and on five factors of self-concept in the school setting as measured by the Dimensions of Self-Concept (DOSC) among 56 hyperactive adolescent boys: (a) Level of Aspiration, (b) Anxiety, (c) Academic Interest and Satisfaction, (d) Leadership and Initiative, and (e) Identification vs. Alienation. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental (N = 28) and control (N = 28) groups. The study spanned a total of 13 weeks with the experimental treatment consisting of three sessions of biofeedback-induced relaxation training. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences (F = 2.55; df = 6, 49; p < .03) between the two groups. Post hoc procedures of univariate Fs and discriminant analysis revealed that the experimental group had significantly lower locus of control scores, indicating an internal locus of control orientation and higher Level of Aspiration scores. Although the treatment p...
Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: review of the evidence

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disorder found in ∼5% of the general population and is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for the development of Type II diabetes and may represent a unique group of women at high risk for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). More adverse CHD risk profiles of women with PCOS have been demonstrated in several studies, yet actual health outcome studies have been inconclusive as to whether this translates into increased rates of cardiovascular disease in PCOS cases when compared with controls. This review focuses on the controversy surrounding the potential relationship between cardiovascular disease outcomes and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Similar Effects of D1/D2 Receptor Blockade on Feeding and Locomotor Behavior

Recent evidence suggests an important relationship between dopamine (DA) modulation of feeding and locomotor activity. To investigate this relationship, the free-feeding and locomotor behavior of rats under the influence of D(1)/D(2) antagonist cis-flupenthixol was examined. DA antagonists are known to produce within-session declines in reinforced behavior, with behavioral suppression occurring only after a number of normal responses have been emitted. In the present study, cis-flupenthixol (0.30 mg/kg ) produced a within-session decrement in both free-feeding behavior and in locomotor/exploratory activity of animals in an environment that had never been paired with food. In addition to producing similar patterns of disruption in feeding and locomotion, the drug also produced a similar magnitude of suppression in the two behaviors. The results show that disruption of DA activity suppresses locomotor/exploratory activity in a manner that closely mirrors neuroleptic suppression of feeding. Although neuroleptic-induced suppression of locomotion and feeding are traditionally presumed to reflect an attenuation of DA motor and reward functions, respectively, the present results suggest that DA plays a similar role in the modulation of these two behaviors.
Femoral nerve block for the management of postoperative pain

The femoral nerve supplies major motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. It is anatomically situated in a relatively superficial position, just inferior to the inguinal ligament. This superficial location along with its close proximity to the femoral artery makes this nerve technically easy to find and block with local anesthetic. Local anesthetic injected near the nerve distributes longitudinally along the axis and within the fascial confines of the neural sheath. This results in excellent and potentially long-lasting analgesia especially for procedures on the quadriceps or anterior knee. The efficacy of femoral nerve block has been demonstrated by many clinical investigations. Local anesthetic blockade of the femoral nerve is presently underutilized for management of postoperative pain. This article reviews the relevant anatomy of the femoral nerve. Techniques for single injection, as well as continuous blockade of the femoral nerve are presented. Evidence concerning the block's analgesic efficacy in various procedures on the lower extremity are presented as well. Femoral nerve block is a simple, effective means of providing effective analgesia following knee surgery such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Combined with other modalities such as opioid, anti-inflammatory, axial, intra-articular, cryotherapy, and physical therapy, this technique can serve as a major component of a balanced approach to postoperative analgesia and recovery.
Prolonged adenovirus-mediated expression of p27kip1 unveils unexpected effects of this protein on the phenotype of SUDHL-1 cells derived from t(2;5)-anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Abstract SUDHL-1 cells, derived from human t(2;5)-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) were kept in culture for 25 days and analyzed for p27 Kip1 -expression, cell cycle, apoptosis, morphology and phenotype as compared with matched controls at different time points after infection with recombinant adenovirus expressing p27 Kip1 (Adp27). The presence of any change in the cell phenotype occurring during the persistent exogenous expression of p27 Kip1 would be indicative of a “clone” of cells surviving apoptosis by reversing G1 arrest. The level of α ν β 5 integrin was completely down regulated in cells infected with Adp27 as assessed by flow cytometry and by immunoprecipitation analysis after 14 days of infection. SUDHL-1 cells regained a significant level of α ν β 5 integrin on the cell surface after 25 days of infection with Adp27. Based on the importance of integrins in tumor cell proliferation, we speculate that the down regulation of α ν β 5 integrin on the surface of SUDHL-1 cells may represent a less tumorigenic phenotype occurring as a consequence of prolonged expression of p27 Kip1 .
Specificity of response to pheromones in the genus Ips (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).

Seventeen species ofIps were laboratory or field tested for the specificity of their response to male-produced aggregating pheromones. In the laboratory, some species appeared not to differentiate among their own pheromones and those of closely related species, whether the pheromones were bioassayed individually or in direct competition. Other species showed strong preference for their own pheromones in competition with those of closely related species, even though they had demonstrated strong attraction to pheromones of the related species. Cross-responsiveness amongI. confusus, I. montanus, andI. paraconfusus, and betweenI. mexicanus andI. concinnus, was confirmed in field tests. Moreover, wildI. paraconfusus females entered the nuptial chambers of males ofI. montanus andI. confusus but not those of the more distantly relatedI. mexicanus. It is hypothesized that specificity of response to aggregating pheromone is important in the maintenance of reproductive isolation among sympatricIps and that the lack of specificity among closely related species enforces the parapatric distributions characteristic of these species.
Truth or consequences.

Several years ago, I served as a panelist at a conference on health care ethics at a university-affiliated community hospital. The chief of orthopedic surgery asked my opinion of a proposal made to him by the hospital's chief executive officer (CEO). The CEO explained that the hospital was losing money on hip-replacement surgery, because the payment the hospital received from Medicare, which paid for nearly all hip replacements, was less than the hospital's cost. A major component of the cost was the price of the hip prosthesis. The CEO requested that the orthopedic surgeons use a much less expensive prosthesis . . .
Perception of the aging male voice.

This study investigated the effects of physiological aging upon otherwise normal healthy male voices. Data are provided for 175 adult males equally divided into seven age categories (decades) from ...
Magneto-transport Properties of Gd-doped In2O3 Thin Films

Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) are a rare group of promising materials that utilize both the electronic charge - a characteristic of semiconductor materials - and the electronic spin - a characteristic of magnetic materials. Oxide based DMS show promise of ferromagnetism (FM) at room temperature. It has been found that doping metal oxides such as ZnO, TiO2, and In2O3 with magnetic ions such as Fe, Co, Mn, and Cr produces DMS, which exhibit FM above room temperature. In2O3, a transparent opto-electronic material, is an interesting prospect for spintronics due to a unique combination of magnetic, electrical, and optical properties. High quality thin films of rare earth magnetic gadolinium (Gd) doped oxide-based DMS materials have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on various substrates such as single crystal of sapphire (001) and quartz under suitable growth conditions of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure in the PLD chamber. The effect of rare earth magnetic doping on the structural and electro - magnetic properties of these films has been studied using Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Magneto - Transport. An X- ray diffraction study reveals that these films are single phase and highly oriented. Characteristic Raman peaks typical of indium oxide are observed at 496 and 627 cm−1. We have observed high magnetoresistance (∼18 %) at a relatively small field of 1.3 Tesla for the films with 10 % gadolinium. A detailed study of temperature and magnetic field dependent resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall Effect will be presented.
An assistive robotic agent for pedestrian mobility

The goal of this project is to develop a pedestrian mobility aid for the elderly. In order for this type of assistive technology to be useful and accepted by its intended user community, it must enhance the abilities of users, not replace them. This leads to an agent architecture in which the agent must operate without hindering the user's ability to take direct action when they choose. In other words, the agent cannot simply be a proxy for the user's actions. The agent must select its own goals based on observations of its users actions. This is crucial not only because users may have diminished capacity to explain their actions to an agent, but because the ability of the agent to correctly interpret the user's goals is tied to its ability to act while still allowing the user to “feel in control”. We present a mobility aid, i. e. a wheeled walker, which varies its goals and level of activity based on an estimation of its user's intentions. The assistive agent often takes no action, allowing the user to be fully in control. When the ease or safety of the users travel is threatened, the agent attempts to influence the users motion based on its belief in the users goal. By varying the degree of autonomy, the walker can adjust to the user as their abilities change from day to day, or hour to hour. This prevents the walker from trying to do too much, allowing the user to feel as if they are in control and not being lead.
Norepinephrine infusion into nucleus basalis elicits microarousal in desflurane-anesthetized rats.

Background The nucleus Basalis of Meynert of the basal forebrain has been implicated in the regulation of the state of consciousness across normal sleep-wake cycles. Here we investigated its role in the modulation of general anesthesia.
Using Strategic Communication for Nation-Building in Contemporary Spain: The Basque Case

This article analyzes the use of strategic communication for nation-building purposes in the case of regions, or the so-called “stateless nations” of contemporary Spain. It describes the case of the Basque Country region where successive nationalist governments over the last 30 years have used soft and hard power methods for this purpose. The soft power methods have consisted fundamentally of the use of mass media campaigns and funded institutional publicity to generate a climate of opinion that opposes Basque identity and Spanish identity. Other soft power methods have involved the promotion of Basque culture, beliefs, and values through mostly public diplomacy efforts (which also had an impact among internal audiences). Soft power approaches have resulted in a positive climate of opinion concerning an inclusive (not ethnic) Basque identity without political connotations. Nevertheless, this positive outcome has been contradicted by other hard power approaches such as the implementation of coercive lingui...
Two-week versus six-month sampling interval in a short-term natural history study of oral HPV infection in an HIV-positive cohort.

Background: Oral HPV infections detected six-months apart were compared to those detected bi-weekly, in an HIV-positive cohort, during the intervening months to elucidate systematic biases introduced into natural history studies by sampling interval. Methods: Fourteen consecutive oral rinse samples were collected every two weeks for six months from an HIV-positive cohort (n=112) and evaluated for the presence of 37 HPV types. The cumulative probability of type-specific HPV detection at visits 1 through 14 was determined as a function of infection categorized at visits 1 and 14 as persistent, newly detected, cleared or absent. Transition models were used to evaluate the effect of HPV viral load (measured by RT-PCR for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35) on infection persistence. Results: The average point prevalence of oral HPV infection was similar at two-week and six-month sampling intervals (45% vs. 47%, p=0.52), but cumulative prevalence was higher with the former (82% vs. 53%, p,0.001) as was the cumulative prevalence of type-specific infections (9.3% vs 3.8%, p,0.0001). Type-specific infections persistent under a six-month sampling interval had a high probability (0.93, 95%CI 0.83–0.98) of detection at 50% or more of the intervening visits and infections that were absent had a high probability (0.94, 95% CI 0.93–0.95) of no interval detection. The odds of detection at any visit significantly increased for each unit increase in HPV viral load at the previous visit. Conclusions: Six-month sampling is appropriate to model factors associated with type-specific oral HPV infection persistence but may misclassify HPV-exposed individuals as unexposed.
Reading Skill, Textbook Marking, and Course Performance

We surveyed students enrolled in Introductory Psychology courses about their text marking preferences and analyzed the marking in their textbooks. Low-skill readers report more reliance on highlighting strategies and actually mark their texts more than better readers. In addition, low-skilled readers prefer to buy used, previously marked texts over new ones! Furthermore, when low-skill readers mark their texts, they are less capable of marking the most relevant material as determined by instructors asked to mark sampled text pages for comparison. All of this adds up to a destructive feedback system in which students who are weak readers can make things even worse in terms of course performance due to their text marking preferences and behaviors.
Genomic identification of significant targets in ciliochoroidal melanoma.

Purpose To identify genomic targets for ciliochoroidal melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Methods Fifty-eight ciliochoroidal melanomas were analyzed by high-resolution, genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping arrays. The 58 SNP arrays were compared to 48 HapMap normals representing both sexes and assessed with a systematic statistical method, Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC), to identify significant ciliochoroidal chromosomal abnormalities including chromosome-arm-sized as well as focal events of amplification and deletion. The 58 SNP arrays were also analyzed to assess copy number. Results The 58 ciliochoroidal melanomas analyzed by GISTIC showed large regions of chromosome amplification on 6p and 8q in addition to focal amplification peaks on 1q31.3, 4p16.2, 9p23, and 9q33.1. The melanomas also showed large regions of deletion on 1p and all of 3, 6q, 8p, and 16q, as well as focal deletion peaks on 2p12, 2q14.3, 4q26, 5q21.1, 7q21.11, 8p21.3, 9p21.1, 13q21.31, 13q31.3, and 16q23.3. For each large region and focal peak, the statistical significance was computed, and known genes were specified. Conclusions High-resolution analysis of ciliochoroidal melanoma cytogenetic aberration patterns supports the utility of systematic characterization of the cancer genome by corroborating known melanoma-related genomic aberrations and identifying additional melanoma-related genomic abnormalities that can be used to identify potential targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
Ion kinetic energy modulation for improved ion trapping in electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A new technique for manipulating the kinetic energy distribution of electrospray ions that arrive at a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance trapped-ion cell is presented. Narrow kinetic energy distributions can complicate the selection of appropriate trapping conditions for electrospray ions and introduce charge discrimination in resulting mass spectra. Modulation of the applied skimmer potential controllably broadens the kinetic energy distribution, which improves the reproducibility of acquired spectra and eliminates charge discrimination. Mass spectra of horse heart cytochrome c are presented to demonstrate the utility of the technique. For example, applied static skimmer potentials of 12 and 9 V yield charge state distributions ranging from [M+19H]+19 to [M+12H]+12 and [M+15H]+15 to [M+7H]+7, respectively. A 12 ± 2 V, 100-Hz modulation of the skimmer potential yields an electrospray spectrum with charge states that range from [M+19H]+19 to [M+7H]+7, which is more representative of the source distribution.
Seismic waves, and what we learn from them as to the interior of the Earth

Mr. Adams has asked me to present this subject, not because I have made any important new contributions to it, but because I recently compressed what we know of the interior of the Earth into ten one-hour lectures, which material was then further abstracted into a one-hour lecture at another institution. It is only one additional step in high-pressure technique, with which Mr. Adams is so familiar, to compress the one-hour lecture into ten minutes. one-hour lecture into ten minutes. The title says “seismic waves.” I would broaden it to “elastic waves,” for the earthquakes are not essential to this branch of the science of the Earth's interior structure, a science that I have ventured to call geo-taxology. Earthquakes are only a convenient means, though not a very satisfactory one, for supplying elastic waves. Future progress in the science will undoubtedly see an increasing use of artificial and therefore controllable waves, such as may be produced by an explosion or by the fall of a heavy body.
Immunohistochemical localization of keratan sulfate in the chinchilla inner ear

Keratan sulfate (KS) was immunolocalized in the chinchilla cochlea and vestibular system using indirect immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody (clone 5-D-4) directed against a proteoglycan core antigen. As a positive control, anti-KS Mab reactivity was found in the pericellular matrix and lacuna walls of temporal bone osteocytes. In the cochlea, anti-KS Mab reactivity was abundant in the basal cell layer of the stria vascularis and in the marginal band and Hensen's stripe of the tectorial membrane. Less anti-KS Mab reactivity was present in the cover net, Hardesty's membrane and the upper fibrous zone of the limbal layer of the tectorial membrane. In the vestibular system, anti-KS Mab reactivity was immunolocalized to a portion of the epithelium overlying the cupula of the crista ampullaris, in the apical surface of crista ampullaris epithelium, crista ampullaris stereocilia and in the otoconia. Elucidating the distribution of KS in the cochlea will improve our understanding of cochlear anatomy and is a first step toward understanding the etiology of hearing loss observed in diseases involving KS metabolism, namely, mucopolysaccharidosis type IV (Morquio's syndrome).
Spread of antibiotic-resistant plasmids from chicken to chicken and from chicken to man

THE natural ecology of Escherichia coli and its infectious plasmids is not understood, although there is suggestive evidence that animals may serve as reservoirs for E. coli found in humans1,2. Investigation in this area becomes additionally important in view of the practice of introducing plasmids with pieces of foreign DNA into E. coli3,4. During an examination of the effects of antibiotic-supplemented animal feed on flora of farm animals and human personnel (ref. 5 and S.B.L., G.B.F. and A.B.M., unpublished), a study was initiated to determine if R plasmids and their E. coli hosts were naturally transferred among chickens and from chickens to human handlers. Our results illustrate the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms from chicken to chicken and from chicken to man.
Planar Graphs of Maximum Degree Seven are Class I

In 1965, Vizing proved that planar graphs of maximum degree at least eight have the edge chromatic number equal to their maximum degree. He conjectured the same if the maximum degree is either six or seven. This article proves the maximum degree seven case.
Impact of Real-time Tumor Tracking and Fraction Size on Treatment-related Morbidity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With IMRT

The trends of change of AUA BPH and nocturia scores over time, relative to the baseline, and the difference in prevalence of α-blocker use suggest a lower urinary toxicity of real-time tumor tracking with the Calypso compared to gold fiducials method. However, the magnitude of the differences is clinically small. The hypofractionated regimen also demonstrated more urinary toxicity compared to the standard fractionation regimen; however, the observed differences in the AUA BPH and nocturia scores are small and generally clinically undistinguishable.
Theories of spatial representations and reference frames: What can configuration errors tell us?

The issue of reference frame is central to theories of spatial representations. Various classifications have been made for different types of reference frames, along with prototypical research paradigms to distinguish between them. This article focuses on the configuration error paradigm proposed by Wang and Spelke (Cognition 77:215-250, 2000) that has been used to examine the nature of the spatial representations underlying object localization during self-movement. Three basic models of spatial memory and spatial updating are discussed, as well as the assumptions behind the configuration error paradigm, to distinguish between static representations, such as the traditional allocentric cognitive map and the egocentric snapshots, and dynamic representations, such as the egocentric updating system. Recent experimental findings are reexamined and shown to be consistent with multiple models, among which the egocentric-updating-and-reload model with an enduring egocentric component provides the simplest interpretations.