cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms and adherence to cardiometabolic therapies across phases of treatment among adults with diabetes: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).

Objective Among adults with diabetes, depression is associated with poorer adherence to cardiometabolic medications in ongoing users; however, it is unknown whether this extends to early adherence among patients newly prescribed these medications. This study examined whether depressive symptoms among adults with diabetes newly prescribed cardiometabolic medications are associated with early and long-term nonadherence. Patients and methods An observational follow-up of 4,018 adults with type 2 diabetes who completed a survey in 2006 and were newly prescribed oral antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, or lipid-lowering agents within the following year at Kaiser Permanente Northern California was conducted. Depressive symptoms were examined based on Patient Health Questionnaire-8 scores. Pharmacy utilization data were used to identify nonadherence by using validated methods: early nonadherence (medication never dispensed or dispensed once and never refilled) and long-term nonadherence (new prescription medication gap [NPMG]: percentage of time without medication supply). These analyses were conducted in 2016. Results Patients with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms had poorer adherence than nondepressed patients (8.3% more patients with early nonadherence, P=0.01; 4.9% patients with longer NPMG, P=0.002; 7.8% more patients with overall nonadherence [medication gap >20%], P=0.03). After adjustment for confounders, the models remained statistically significant for new NPMG (3.7% difference, P=0.02). There was a graded association between greater depression severity and nonadherence for all the models (test of trend, P Conclusion Depressive symptoms were associated with modest differences in early and long-term adherence to newly prescribed cardiometabolic medications in diabetes patients. Interventions targeting adherence among adults with diabetes and depression need to address both initiation and maintenance of medication use.
Language Proficiency of Students Identified as Learning Disabled: The Over Representation of LEP Students in South Texas

A difficulty facing public schools along the US Mexican border is the placment of children with limited English proficiency (LEP) into special education programs. Sometimes it is difficult detennining whether poor academic perfomance is caused by a disability or by lack of comprehension due to language. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) states thal a child is not eligible for special education scrvices ifthc cause ofthc poor academic pcrfonnance is duc solely to limited language proficiency. Also, IDEA mandates that a child be assessed in his or her native language. However, this problem is compounded when a child's native language is a mixture of local English and Spanish. The purpose of this article is to examine thc issues involved when children with limited English proficiency are refarred for special education placement. Are the results of standardized tests affected when a child's native language is a mixture of English and Spanish? Should students be tested in both English and Spanish? What are the implications of testing a child in both languages?
Integrated Direct/Indirect Adaptive Robust Precision Control of Linear Motor Drive Systems with Accurate Parameter Estimations

Abstract The focus of the paper is on the synthesis of nonlinear adaptive robust controllers for precision linear motor drive systems that achieve not only excellent output tracking performance but also accurate parameter estimations for secondary purposes such as machine health monitoring and prognostics. Such an objective is accomplished through the intelligent integration of the output tracking performance oriented direct adaptive robust control (DARC) design with the accurate parameter estimation based indirect adaptive robust control (IARC) design. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DIARC controller is able to achieve better tracking performance and better parameter estimation than either the DARC or the IARC algorithms.
Cluster of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates With High-level Azithromycin Resistance and Decreased Ceftriaxone Susceptibility, Hawaii, 2016.

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin for gonorrhea to ensure effective treatment and slow emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Since 2013, the prevalence of reduced azithromycin susceptibility increased in the United States; however, these strains were highly susceptible to cephalosporins. We identified a cluster of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance, several of which also demonstrated decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility. Methods Eight N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 7 patients on Oahu, Hawaii, seen 21 April 2016 through 10 May 2016 underwent routine Etest antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Hawaii Department of Health. All demonstrated elevated azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) >256 μg/mL and elevated ceftriaxone MICs (≥0.125 μg/mL). Isolates were sent to the University of Washington and CDC for confirmatory agar dilution testing; sequence data were sent to CDC for analysis. All patients were interviewed and treated, and when possible, partners were interviewed, tested, and treated. Results All isolates had azithromycin MICs >16 µg/mL and 5 had ceftriaxone MICs = 0.125 µg/mL by agar dilution. All isolates were β-lactamase positive and were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Genomic analysis revealed genetic relatedness. No patients reported recent travel or antibiotic use, and no male patients reported male sex partners. All patients were successfully treated. Conclusions This cluster of genetically related gonococcal isolates with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility and high-level azithromycin resistance may bring the threat of treatment failure in the United States with the current recommended dual therapy one step closer.
What we know and what we want to know about the weak interaction

The development of the standard form of Weinberg‐Salam theory is briefly reviewed. Tests of the neutral current predicted by the theory are discussed. Possible alternative forms that might be required to fit recent experiments are discussed.
Delineation of a politico-scientific complex to govern the “abnormal” child: mental hygiene, vocational curriculum, and Republican imaginations of re/productive citizenry, Turkey (1930–1950)

The two decades following the establishment of the Turkish Republic witnessed the growth of the pervasive fear that vagrant and homeless children and child delinquents presented a threat to the physical, mental, and economic well-being of the nascent Turkish nation. Newspapers of the period regularly touched upon the issue, alerting the public and state officials to the increase in the number of vagrant and homeless children on the streets of Istanbul, and to the crime and other troubles caused by these kucuk sefiller (“little miserables”), as a deputy from Istanbul called them. The language of these newspaper articles was an amalgam of both humanitarian sentiments such as showing charity and mercy to these groups and fears that necessitated their social and moral control in order that they become re/productive citizens of the new Republic. In this paper, I explore how certain child populations gained visibility and intelligibility during the first few decades of the Turkish Republic. I particularly focus on a modern child rescue institution, Cocuklari Kurtarma Yurdu, founded in this period as an amalgam of numerous – at times competing – discourses that fixated on the bodies of “street children”, a colloquial term that referred to a heterogeneous group of children including child delinquents, vagrant, homeless, and destitute children. The institution blended modern mental hygiene principles derived from psychology/psychiatry with progressive vocational education and humanitarianism, with the ultimate goal of fabricating mentally and physically sound and economically productive republican citizens out of these “abnormal bodies”.
Is This the Best Philosophy Can Do? Henry R. Luce and A Free and Responsible Press:

Why did Time Inc. editor-in-chief Henry R. Luce spend US$200,000 on the Commission on Freedom of the Press and then denounce its conclusions? Scholars have surmised that he wanted to quell criticism and to forestall regulation of his media properties. But internal documents from Time Inc. suggest that Luce was dismayed over what he considered major gaps in the report’s philosophical argument, perhaps exacerbated by personal pique over having been excluded from Commission meetings. This is the first study of the Commission to use Time Inc.’s company files.
Complement (C1q) Binding De Novo Donor-Specific Antibodies and Cardiac-Allograft Vasculopathy in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized C1q binding de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) after heart transplant (HT) is a higher risk for development of coronary artery vasculopathy (CAV) in children. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 127 pediatric HT recipients transplanted between January 2005 and December 2014 was used to determine complement (C1q)-binding de novo DSA on the outcomes of HT and the ability of the C1q assay to predict CAV development. RESULTS Of 127 patients, 59 (46.4%) developed de novo DSA, 37 of those had C1q+ DSA. There was no difference in baseline characteristics except patients who developed C1q+ DSA more often received a donor heart from a female compared with C1q- DSA group (P = 0.034). The DSA median fluorescent intensity (MFI) value of 7000 or greater had 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity (C statistics 0.89, P <0.05) for predicting positive C1q binding. Multivariate analyses identified C1q binding DSA as an independent risk for CAV with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-7.93; P = 0.0095). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the covariates associated with graft loss included: C1q+ DSA (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.34-7.86; P < 0.009), pre-HT renal insufficiency (HR, 11.3; 95% CI, 3.71-34.29; P < 0.0001), and pre-HT ventilator support (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.39-7.81; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The DSA strength in MFI correlates with positive C1q-binding activity and hence functional capabilities of DSA. Close monitoring of DSA strength in MFI and function (C1q assay) may be useful for identifying pediatric HT recipient at risk for development of CAV.
Deep learning for chemical reaction prediction

Reaction predictor is an application for predicting chemical reactions and reaction pathways. It uses deep learning to predict and rank elementary reactions by first identifying electron sources and sinks, pairing those sources and sinks to propose elementary reactions, and finally ranking the reactions by favorability. Global reactions can be identified by chaining together these elementary reaction predictions. We carefully curated a data set consisting of over 11 000 elementary reactions, covering a broad range of advanced organic chemistry. Using this data for training, we demonstrate an 80% top-5 recovery rate on a separate, challenging benchmark set of reactions drawn from modern organic chemistry literature. A fundamental problem of synthetic chemistry is the identification of unknown products observed via mass spectrometry. Reaction predictor includes a pathway search feature that can help identify such products through multi-target mass search. Finally, we discuss an alternative approach to predicting electron sources and sinks using recurrent neural networks, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) architectures, operating directly on SMILES strings. This approach has shown promising preliminary results.
Survival after severe methemoglobinemia secondary to sodium nitrate ingestion

ABSTRACTSodium nitrate is used as a food preservative and color fixative. Sodium nitrate poisoning has occurred in the setting of well water contamination with nitrogenous waste runoff. Most clinically significant exposures result from improper labeling or unintentional use. We describe a case of severe methemoglobinemia associated with intentional sodium nitrate ingestion. A 23-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) for an intentional ingestion of sodium nitrate obtained from an online distributor. On arrival, blood pressure was 89/42 mmHg and oxygen saturation was 74% on pulse oximetry. Due to clinical decline, the patient underwent endotracheal intubation in the ED. Co-oximetry demonstrated a methemoglobin (MetHb) level of 92.7%, which is among the highest recorded MetHb levels. The patient received two doses of 1 mg/kg methylene blue and experienced dramatic clinical improvement and subsequent successful extubation. Healthy erythrocytes undergo oxidative stress from normal metaboli...
Systematic Identification of Druggable Epithelial-Stromal Crosstalk Signaling Networks in Ovarian Cancer.

Background Bulk tumor tissue samples are used for generating gene expression profiles in most research studies, making it difficult to decipher the stroma-cancer crosstalk networks. In the present study, we describe the use of microdissected transcriptome profiles for the identification of cancer-stroma crosstalk networks with prognostic value, which presents a unique opportunity for developing new treatment strategies for ovarian cancer. Methods Transcriptome profiles from microdissected ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and ovarian cancer cells from patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (n = 70) were used as input data for the computational systems biology program CCCExplorer to uncover crosstalk networks between various cell types within the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk analysis results were subsequently used for discovery of new indications for old drugs in ovarian cancer by computational ranking of candidate agents. Survival analysis was performed on ovarian tumor-bearing Dicer/Pten double-knockout mice treated with calcitriol, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved agent that suppresses the Smad signaling cascade, or vehicle control (9-11 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Activation of TGF-β-dependent and TGF-β-independent Smad signaling was identified in a particular subtype of CAFs and was associated with poor patient survival (patients with higher levels of Smad-regulated gene expression by CAFs: median overall survival = 15 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.7 to 17.3 months; vs patients with lower levels of Smad-regulated gene expression: median overall survival = 26 months, 95% CI = 15.9 to 36.1 months, P = .02). In addition, the activated Smad signaling identified in CAFs was found to be targeted by repositioning calcitriol. Calcitriol suppressed Smad signaling in CAFs, inhibited tumor progression in mice, and prolonged the median survival duration of ovarian cancer-bearing mice from 36 to 48 weeks (P = .04). Conclusions Our findings suggest the feasibility of using novel multicellular systems biology modeling to identify and repurpose known drugs targeting cancer-stroma crosstalk networks, potentially leading to faster and more effective cures for cancers.
The role of the homeobox gene, HOX B7, in human myelomonocytic differentiation.

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors known to be important morphogenic regulators during embryogenesis. An increasing body of work implies a role for homeobox genes in both hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. We have analyzed the role of the homeobox gene, HOX B7, in the program of differentiation of the biphenotypic myeloid cell line, HL60. Induction of monocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells by vitamin D3 resulted in rapid expression of HOX B7 mRNA, but stimulation with phorbol ester or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) did not. Constitutive overexpression of HOX B7 in the HL60 cell line inhibited the granulocytic differentiation associated with stimulation with DMSO or retinoic acid, but had no effect on the monocytic differentiation induced by vitamin D3. Normal human monocytes do not constitutively express HOX B7, nor are they able to be induced to do so by stimulation with colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and gamma interferon (IFN gamma), or with vitamin D3 and lipopolysaccharide. Human bone marrow (BM) cells were found to express HOX B7 in response to granulocyte- macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and antisense oligonucleotides directed against HOX B7 inhibited the formation of colonies derived from GM-CSF- stimulated BM. These data suggest a critical role for HOX B7 in myelomonocytic differentiation.
Zadeh Sets - A "Perfect" Theory for Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Control: A First Outline

A "perfect" theory for new fuzzy sets, called Zadeh sets is outlined. Here are four observations, one theorem, and the proposed theory. (1) Fuzzy sets are not fuzzy - An ancient critique. (2) The theory of fuzzy sets does not support fuzzy control - Example 1. (3) The concept of fuzzy sets induced by mappings is not natural-Section II-A. (4) Zadeh sets should be context free - Section III-A. (5) Multi-valued modeling Theorem A real number can be modeled uniquely by a family of smooth(C^∞-differentiable) membership functions. By extending this idea, we propose: A nice Zadeh set is the unique family of nice membership functions on a nice universe U that characterizes a nice "real world " fuzzy aggregate (class, family, collection or set) where nice means smooth(C^∞-differentiable), continuous or set theoretical (a set theoretical membership function is the usual membership function defined by Zadeh.) Initial analysis indicates that such three types of nice Zadeh sets seem to have captured the correct concept of fuzziness. In addition, mathematically speaking, the theory forms naturally, behaves smoothly and three categories of nice Zadeh sets are concrete categories. So we conclude Z adeh set theory is "perfect." Perhaps, we should point out the 'classical' categories of fuzzy subsets are not concrete.
Getting to where? On Peace Making and Law Teaching at Harvard Law School: (or, Some Private Hope and Public Irony)

The paper offers a critical reading of the intellectual conditions and educational message offered at Harvard Law School. It is argued that despite the apparent opposition of critical and practical forms of the curriculum, both positions are founded upon versions of pragmatism. On the one hand stands the ironic detached intellectual, who, in Pierre Schlag’s words has “nowhere to go.” Against (or beside) him/her, stands the practical peacemaker-businessman, who offers utopically friendly, “popular” ideas about ‘Getting to Yes’ and ‘win-win.’ While the “intellectual” character operates in a diverse and politicized domain of discourse, the negotiation scholar inhabits a unitary and a-historical discourse. The opposing genres of discourse they produce is critically analysed through a reading of texts by Ronald Dworkin, the writer of the mythical script of the jurist intellectual, Roger Fisher and Robert Mnookin, current negotiation prophets. The pragmatics of this couple is posited as capturing the educational message of the school, also as a cultural icon.
Development of a preliminary multivariable diagnostic prediction model for identifying active spondylolysis in young athletes with low back pain

Abstract Aims The primary aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic cluster of common clinical findings that would assist in ruling out an active spondylolysis in adolescent athletes with low back pain (LBP). Design Retrospective case-series. Setting Hospital-based sports medicine clinic. Patients One thousand and twenty-five adolescent athletes with LBP (age 15.0 ± 1.8 years, 56% female) were reviewed. Active spondylolytic injuries were identified in 22% (n = 228) of these patients. Main outcome measure presence or absence of active spondylolysis on advanced imaging. Results Through logistic regression analysis, pain with extension (p Conclusion This study found a cluster of three patient characteristics that may assist in ruling out active spondylolysis in adolescent athletes with LBP.
An economic valuation of federal and private grazing land ecosystem services supported by beef cattle ranching in the United States

Beef cattle ranching and farming is a major agricultural industry in the United States that manages an estimated 147 million ha of private land and uses approximately 92% of forage authorized for grazing on federal rangelands. Rangelands, as working landscapes, sustain beef cattle ranching while providing habitat for wildlife, recreation, and open space amenities, as well as spiritual and cultural values that define a way of life. Historically, discussions regarding the economics of beef cattle ranching have focused primarily on the value of beef production but have more recently expanded to consider related ecosystem services. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published between 1998 and 2018 found 154 articles that considered ecosystem services from rangelands/grasslands. Of these, only two articles (1%) provided an in-depth economic valuation (monetary measure) of ecosystem services in the United States. To fill this knowledge gap, we primarily used publicly available data to conduct an economic valuation of major ecosystem services associated with beef cattle production in the United States at both the national and state levels. We find that over 186 million ha were actively grazed by beef cattle ranches and farms in the United States in 2017. We estimate the economic value of this land use to be $17.5 billion for wildlife recreation, $3.8 billion for forage production, and $3.2 billion for other ecosystem services related to the conservation of biodiversity-a combined total of $24.5 billion. Ecosystem services from federal rangelands in 16 western states accounted for 35% of the total value. Ecosystem services per beef cow and per kilogram of retail beef were estimated to be $1,043.35 and $2.74, respectively. More studies like these are needed to inform decision-makers at the industry, land management, and federal levels to ensure that the conservation, improvement, and restoration of these ecosystem services are considered in future management and research efforts.
The Search for Rational Drug Control

Preface Part I. The Drug Problem: Introduction 1. Ideology and policy - a look at the national drug control strategy 2. What is a drug? and other basic issues 3. Prohibitions and the lessons of history 4. The wrong question: critical notes on the decriminalization debate Part II. The Drug Control Policy Process: Introduction 5. The universal proposition - children and drug control policy 6. Drug control policy and street crime 7. The federal role in a national drug strategy 8. Memorandum to a new drug czar Appendix References.
Scharrer, Berta Vogel (1906–1995)

First page of article Keywords: Scharrer, Berta Vogel (founders of neuroendocrinology); neurosecretion hypothesis
3 Water and Landscape: Ancient Maya Settlement Decisions

In this chapter we present the major transitions in Maya history from the Late Preclassic through Terminal Classic periods in the Maya Lowlands, focusing first on major settlement and subsistence systems, followed by major social and environmental costs. We particularly focus on how the Maya built and relied on increasingly complex water and agricultural systems to adapt in the humid tropics where everything in life was rainfall dependent. The seasonality of rainfall required innovative strategies to contain water throughout the long dry season in the face of growing population and socio-political complexity. Drastic changes occurred when several prolonged droughts struck the Maya area, resulting in them exploring new areas and subsistence practices. The chapter concludes with a few thoughts on how understanding ancient Maya water and land use is relevant for today's issues regarding sustainable land and water use.
Monetary History and Positive Economics

If successful prediction were the sole criterion of the merit of a science, economics should long since have ceased to exist as a serious intellectual pursuit. Accurate prognosis is not its forte. The real strength of the discipline lies in another direction—namely, in its apparently limitless capacity to rationalize events after they happen. This helps explain the indifference of most economic theorists to “the lessons of history”; men to whom all things are possible have little to learn from experiments conducted in the laboratory of time. It also helps explain the indifference of most economic historians to abstract theory; what have they to learn from a subject that “yields no predictions, summarizes no empirical generalizations, provides no useful framework of analysis”?
Reluctance of general practitioners to refer gross hematuria patients to urology.

The authors have published a confirmatory study evaluating actual practice patterns among general practitioners (GPs) in Quebec, Canada regarding hematuria and correlated the results with clinical guidelines and public service recommendations.1 While nearly 50% of all GPs performed screening urine analysis on the their patients, incredibly less than two-thirds of men with gross hematuria and less than half of women with microscopic hematuria were recommended to be referred to urology. The authors remark that their findings were quite similar to ours2 in the United States despite the fact that Canada has a universal health care system while most American physicians practice in a fee-for-service model.
Two-dimensional group lattices with a twist

Abstract We study a statistical mechanics system defined on a particular two-dimensional group lattice. The lattice has local abstract dislocation defects. The partition function is explicitly computed and the phase transition points are enumerated. We consider several applications to physical systems.
Continuous hyperosmolar therapy for traumatic brain injury-associated cerebral edema: as good as it gets, or an iatrogenic secondary insult?

Cerebral edema is a heterogeneous condition that is present in almost every type of neurological disease process – ranging from tumor, to cerebrovascular disease, to infection, to trauma, among others. It is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of edema formation are distinct for the different conditions, thereby defining the various classifications. A relatively new treatment practice for cerebral edema is known as induced, sustained hypernatremia. This practice is highly controversial, is in widespread use, and lacks robust evidence for efficacy. Herein, we review details of the controversy regarding this practice.
Kinetics of rapid structural changes during heat setting of preoriented PEEK/PEI blend films as followed by spectral birefringence technique

Abstract The influence of composition and preorientation on the development of structural hierarchy during heat setting of PEEK/PEI films was investigated using on-line birefringence, and off-line wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering, infrared dichroism and thermal analysis techniques. When the PEEK/PEI blends are drawn to deformation levels below the onset of strain hardening, the subsequent heat setting at high temperature starts with a large relaxation process followed by a fast crystallization and a long-term slow structural rearrangement stages. When the films are predrawn beyond a critical structural level (crystallinity and orientation), the initial relaxation stage disappears. This signifies that beyond a critical structural order a long-range physical network, where the nodes consist of crystallized domains and chain—self and cross-entanglements—are formed. This physical network allows the entropy driven shrinkage stresses to be maintained that results in the development of oriented crystalline phase. The addition of non-crystallizable PEI chains was found to retard the formation of this ‘network structure’ resulting in lower orientation levels.
THERMOSENSITIVITY IN SPRING WHITE LUPIN

Abstract Spring morphotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) are very responsive to cool temperatures during seedling development as expressed in a number of subsequent developmental characters. Thermosensitivity was examined in a number of studies where seedlings were incubated at various stages of development and at differing temperatures. Plants were scored for thermosensitivity, as expressed by the number of mainstem and first order lateral vegetative nodes, at flowering. The stages of radicle emergence and split seed coat were observed to be the developmental stages when mainstem and first-order lateral meristems were most sensitive to incubation temperature. These data show that the optimum window for cold treating spring lupin seed is very narrow and occurs prior to seedling emergence. Seedlings at radicle emergence stage were incubated at temperatures ranging from 1 to 27 °C for 0 to 14 d in 2 d increments. For temperatures less than 12 °C, mainstem node number decreased curvilinearly with duration of incubation. For temperatures between 12 and 17 °C, mainstem node number decreased linearly with duration of incubation. However, mainstem node number increased linearly with duration of incubation at temperatures greater than 17 °C. The data show that 'warm' temperatures during early seedling development have a profound influence on subsequent plant morphology. Response to 'warm' temperatures is greater than to 'cool' temperatures and it is suggested that the differential response to warm vs. cold incubation temperatures could account for morphological and phenological differences observed within genotypes in field studies among sites and years. The lack of temperature response in one genotype, 'Start' may indicate thermoneutrality in this genotype.
Heterogeneous Beliefs and Local InformationIn Stochastic Fictitious Play

Stochastic fictitious play (SFP) assumes that agents do not try to influence the future play of their current opponents, an assumption that is justified by appeal to a setting with a large population of players who are randomly matched to play the game. However, the dynamics of SFP have only been analyzed in models where all agents in a player role have the same beliefs. We analyze the dynamics of SFP in settings where there is a population of agents who observe only outcomes in their own matches and thus have heterogeneous beliefs. We provide conditions that ensure that the system converges to a state with homogeneous beliefs, and that its asymptotic behavior is the same as with a single representative agent in each player role.
Some simple features of the Mössbauer effect

Abstract A simple description is given of the change in the state of a crystal lattice upon emission or absorption of a nuclear gamma ray. A sum rule is derived for the average energy transfer to the lattice. The probability of zero energy transfer is calculated. The results are general and do not assume a particular model for the crystal. Conclusions are presented as simple principles which may be useful as a guide to experimentalists.
Electrostatic-based model for alumina surfaces

Abstract As most technologically important metals will form oxides readily, any complete study of adhesion at real metal surfaces must include the metal-oxide interface. The role of this ubiquitous oxide layer cannot be overlooked, as the adhesive properties of the oxide or oxide-metal system can be expressed to differ profoundly from the adhesive properties of a bare metal surface. We report on the development of a novel computational method for molecular dynamics simulations which explicitly includes variable charge transfer between anions and cations. This method is found to be capable of describing the elastic properties, surface energies, and surface relaxation of crystalline metal-oxides accurately. We discuss in detail results using this method of α-alumina and several of its low index faces.
Serum Levels of Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone During the Estrous Cycle, Pseudopregnancy and Pregnancy in the Dog

Serum levels of LH and proges-terone were measured by radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding techniques respectively in nonmated, sterile-mated (to a vasectomized male) and fertile-mated female beagles. There were no differences in the pattern of LH secretion in the non-pregnant and pregnant animals. The levels of LH were elevated for approximately 4 days, with the peak concentration (27 ± 5.2 ng/ml) occurring on the day prior t o the first day of standing estrus. At all other times, LH remained between 2–4 ng/ml. Ovulation was observed late on the first day of standing estrus or nearly 24 hr after the LH peak. By 10 days after the LH peak, the concentration of progesterone had increased to 20–30 ng/ml in the nonpregnant and pregnant dogs. In all nonpreg-nant animals, the pattern of progesterone secretion after day 10 was similar: decreasing from day 10 and subsequently waning to nondetectable levels (<0.5 ng/ml) by 80 days after the LH peak. On the other hand, in the pregnant dogs, progesterone...
A structural representation of migraine diagnostic criteria: the experts' view.

Objective.—To generate an empirically derived structural representation of migraine diagnostic criteria in a group of international headache experts using the Pathfinder network scaling algorithm in order to evaluate the validity of the migraine criteria used in the International Headache Society (IHS) classification system. Background.—Because it is a disease entity that lacks objective defining markers, developing valid diagnostic criteria for migraine is a challenge. The IHS committee relied on expert consensus to develop their classification system in 1988. Expert consensus also was used to evaluate the validity of the IHS classification system, but further studies employing alternative methods still are needed. Methods.—Headache experts representing the Executive Committee of the IHS and the Board of Directors of the American Headache Society analyzed 14 criteria (7 IHS and 7 non-IHS) considered relevant in diagnosing migraine. Their ratings were submitted to the Pathfinder algorithm to generate a network structure reflecting the experts' conceptualization of migraine diagnostic criteria. Results.—The expert network had 3 groupings: headache characteristics (eg, phonophobia, unilateral pain, throbbing pain), biological contributing factors (eg, family history, hormonal relationship, relief with sleep), and triggering factors (eg, worse with stress, food triggers). The IHS criteria were clustered together in the center portion of the network. A t test showed that each IHS criterion was closer conceptually to other IHS criteria than to non-IHS criteria. Graph theory indices revealed that the most central criteria were unilateral pain, moderate/severe intensity, and nausea/vomiting. Conclusion.—The structural representation of migraine diagnostic criteria from these international headache experts is consistent with the migraine diagnostic criteria set forth in the IHS classification system and thus provides further support for the validity of migraine criteria in the IHS system.
Effect of polystyrene on the morphology and physical properties of silicon carbide nanofibers

Abstract Silicon carbide nanofibers were fabricated by immersion of anodized aluminum oxide templates in allyl-hydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS) solutions, and subsequent pyrolysis at 750 °C. The technique offers better control on the final morphology of the nanofibers, hence resolving some of the fabrication difficulties encountered in the past. The effect of polystyrene – the pore former – on the formation of the nanofibers in the confined channels of the templates was studied. Low concentrations of polystyrene in the AHPCS solution resulted in ellipsoidal hollow regions inside the SiC nanofibers, whereas high concentrations resulted in the formation of some hollow fibers. The fibers prepared by adding polystyrene possessed higher surface areas than those without polystyrene. The morphology and surface area of the SiC nanofibers were studied using the SEM, TEM, and BET analyses.
TRUE‐BREEDING COLCHICINE‐INDUCED MUTANTS FROM SORGHUM HYBRIDS

A B S T R A C T Colchicine treatment of sorghum seedlings of both F1 hybrids and of their pollen parent lines resulted in complex mutant plants the majority of which were true-breeding. Recessive irradiationinduced characters originally homozygous in the pollen parent lines and heterozygous in the hybrids did not appear in any of the mutants or their self progenies. Recessive normal characters apparently absent in the pollen parent lines and heterozygous in the hybrids appeared in some mutants and bred true in their self progenies. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that colchicine-induced mutants arise through chromosome substitution (Sanders and Franzke, 1964, Jour. Arnold Arb. 45: 36). Since sorghums with 2n = 20 are believed to be of polyploid derivation, interchangeable chromosomes carrying different alleles could be present in true-breeding lines. There is evidence that diploid mutant complements may result from reduction of polyploid nuclei. Since the proportion of true-breeding mutants was as large from the highly heterozygous seedlings as from the homozygous seedlings, segregation of chromosomes during reduction must be primarily by c-pairs which later separate as the homologues of a new cell. Plants from such cells would be equivalent to doubled haploids. With colchicine treatment, true-breeding lines have been obtained from multiple hybrids in a single step rather than after many generations of selfing. COLCHICINE treatment of seedlings of Sorghum vulgare Pers. results in complex diploid mutants many of which are true-breeding (Franzke and Ross, 1952). True-breeding lines from these
Natural relations among neutrino neutral current couplings in gauge theories

Abstract We show that two relations among neutrino neutral current couplings derived by Bernabeu and Jarlskog for SU(2) × U(1) gauge theories remain valid for arbitrary gauge groups of the type G 1L × G 2R , where G 1L is a group of rank m ⩾ 2 and is either a simple group or a direct product of simple groups provided at least m − 1 diagonal generators satisfy the relations 2 T u j L + T d j L + T e j L = 0 and T u j L + 2 T d j L + T v j L = 0. These conditions are sufficient to make the BJ relation natural, independent of the mechanism of symmetry breaking. Implications of these conditions for theories of flavor dynamics are discussed.
Helix–random chain transitions of polyamino acids in organic acid–salt solutions

Polyamino acids which are soluble and helical in acetic acid and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) have been observed to undergo a helix to random chain transition upon the addition of lithium salts of strong acids. The transition can be reversed by diluting the salt. Apparently only lithium cations are able to bring about the polycarbobenzoxy-L-lysine (PCBL) transition in acetic acid, whereas the anions display a varying degree of effectiveness; ClO4− > Br− > TSA− > Cl− > NO3−. The lithium salts of carboxylate anions such as OAc− and TFA− do not cause polymer unwinding in acetic acid. Neither do the acids, TSA, HCl, TFA, or DCA induce the transformation in acetic acid. Poly-L-alanine (PLA) in DCA unfolds as LiBr is added, but does not unfold in the presence of 0.5M (CH3)4NBr, 0.25M CsBr, or 0.32M HCl. These results are explained on the basis of a direct interaction of the lithium salt with the polymer amide groups to form an ion-pair complex. The extent to which the union of the ion pair can dissociate from the complex in the low dielectric constant, environment determines the degree of unfolding of the polymer. The anion dissociation equilibrium presumably therefore would lie in the same order as given above. Acids such as HCl and TSA are considered to substantially protonate and ion-pair with the polymer, but do not readily dissociate the anion partner from the complex, and therefore do not produce an unstable positively charged helical structure.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: an evolving clinical and radiological spectrum

Objective. To describe unusual clinical and radiological features in patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Design and subjects. Based on radiographic and microscopic findings, three patients were prospectively diagnosed as having chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). They form the basis of this report because of either the unusualness of the clinical presentation, hitherto undescribed associated diseases or the unusual age of presentation and sites of lesions. Results. One patient developed pyoderma gangrenosum at the site of one of the skeletal lesions and then went on to develop ulcerative proctitis. A second patient presented with a soft tissue mass, which on MRI mimicked a sarcoma. The final patient presented with lesions in the wrist and phalanges of the toes at the unusual age of 38. None of the patients was treated with steroids or antibiotics for the skeletal lesions. Steroids were administered to one patient for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. Conclusions. The pattern and distribution of skeletal lesions in CRMO are well recognized in the pediatric age group. The unusual clinical and/or radiological features discussed herein suggests that this is a disease that continues to evolve with a broader spectrum of features than recognized.
Global approaches for the elucidation of phosphoinositide-binding proteins.

Abstract Phosphoinositide lipids (PIPns) control numerous critical biological pathways, typically through the regulation of protein function driven by non-covalent protein–lipid binding interactions. Despite the importance of these systems, the unraveling of the full scope of protein–PIPn interactions has represented a significant challenge due to the massive complexity associated with these events, including the large number of diverse proteins that bind to these lipids, variations in the mechanisms by which proteins bind to lipids, and the presence of multiple distinct PIPn isomers. As a result of this complexity, global methods in which numerous proteins that bind PIPns can be identified and characterized simultaneously from complex samples, which have been enabled by key technological advancements, have become popular as an efficient means for tackling this challenge. This review article provides an overview of advancements in large-scale methods for profiling protein–PIPn binding, including experimental methods, such as affinity enrichment, microarray analysis and activity-based protein profiling, as well as computational methods, and combined computational/experimental efforts.
To Be a Transportation Engineer or Not? How Civil Engineering Students Choose a Specialization

The transportation industry faces a growing shortage of professional engineers. A key strategy in solving this problem will be to encourage more civil engineering students to specialize in transportation while completing their undergraduate degree so that employers have a larger pool of likely recruits. This paper examines the factors that lead civil engineering undergraduates to specialize in transportation, as opposed to other civil engineering subdisciplines. The primary method used was a web-based survey of 1,852 civil engineering undergraduates. The study results suggest steps the transportation community can take to increase the number of civil engineering undergraduates who choose to specialize in transportation. Educators need to introduce material into required freshman and sophomore courses that shows the range of dynamic career possibilities available in the transportation field, and employers need to increase and better publicize transportation internships.
High-level production of a functional immunoglobulin heterodimer in a baculovirus expression system.

Abstract A murine immunoglobulin heterodimer has been expressed in a baculovirus expression system. This was achieved by using both double infection of insect cells with separate heavy- and light-chain-expressing viruses and infection with a double-recombinant virus containing both the immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain cDNAs. In both cases, the polypeptide chains were correctly processed, glycosylated, and assembled into normal H2L2 (H = heavy, L = light) immunoglobulin monomers. These molecules bound antigen and expressed both polyclonal idiotype and monoclonal idiotopes. Furthermore, the transfer vectors described have been modified to contain the F1 origin of replication for the production of single-stranded DNA, which facilitates site-specific mutations of either the polyhedrin promoter or the inserted foreign gene. Use of this system should significantly advance the analysis of the structural bases for both idiotype expression and antigen binding by immunoglobulin. More importantly, it provides a generic method for the high-level expression of antibodies of diverse interest.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is based on altered pancreatic morphology and function. A spectrum of disease exists, and milder forms of disease may be missed by CT but demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The accuracy of ERCP and EUS for diagnosis of "minimal change" or "early" chronic pancreatitis is controversial, particularly when the results from these imaging procedures are discordant with each other or with tests of pancreatic function; in some cases ERCP and EUS should be considered indeterminate for diagnosis. This review discusses recent data concerning the accuracy of ERCP and EUS for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the use of EUS fine-needle aspiration for differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses, and the use of EUS and EUS-guided TruCut biopsy for diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis.
A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit

A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit
Industrial Relations in West Germany, 1980-1987

: The paper describes the structure and state of industrial relations in the Federal Republic of Germany and discusses perspectives and problems of their future development. Its composition follows the syllabus of an internationally comparative research project.
Interaction of Rheumatoid Factor with Infectious Herpes Simplex Virus-Antibody Complexes

Rheumatoid factor, a human immunoglobulin of the IgM class, failed to attach to herpes simplex virus but did attach to infectious complexes composed of herpes simplex virus and antibody to herpes simplex virus. These newly formed complexes of infectious virus, antiviral antibody, and rheumatoid factor could be neutralized by complement or by antibody to human IgM. The ability of rheumatoid factor to enhance virus neutralization in the presence of complement represents a hitherto unrecognized biological role for rheumatoid factor.