cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishing a Rural Surgery Training Program: A Large Community Hospital, Expert Subspecialty Faculty, Specific Goals and Objectives in Each Subspecialty, and an Academic Environment Lay a Foundation

Purpose Although there is great interest in providing training for surgical residents who are interested in practicing in a rural environment, guidelines for creating a curriculum are nonexistent. Methods A 1-year clinical fellowship designed for PGY4s with an interest in practicing in a rural or subspecialty-sparse environment was designed. Elements of this fellowship include blocks of time on subspecialty services as well as general surgery. Academically oriented faculty serve as team leaders in the subspecialties. Specific goals and objectives are used to assure proficiency in basic procedures so faculty can “sign off” on procedures for credentialing purposes. A flexible call schedule allows the resident to be available for subspecialty emergencies when they occur. A close relationship exists with the family practice residency, and the rural surgery fellow shares a clinic, provides surgical consultation, and attends joint conferences. Other educational opportunities include M&M, multidisciplinary cancer and gastroenterology conferences, attendance at national meetings, and participation in community outreach programs for underserved populations. Compliance with Residency Review Committee (RRC) work-hour requirements is expected and enforced. A portfolio is kept to demonstrate achievement of goals and objectives and includes a case log for credentialing as well as a 360° evaluation by faculty and staff. Results Sparse national data suggest that rural surgeons differ most from their urban/suburban counterparts in terms of endoscopic, gynecologic, and urologic procedures. These data and program proposals were presented to the Utah Medical Education Council, which provided funding for the foundation of a subspecialty-intense clinical fellowship for a PGY4 resident who has started as a pilot program. The year-long clinical fellowship began in July 2008. The experience and evaluation by faculty and residents regarding the pilot program is positive. In a short time, proficiency in basic endoscopic, urologic, and gynecologic procedures was achieved in the pilot program. Conclusions A suburban, community hospital with academically oriented faculty is a good environment for training residents interested in rural or subspecialty-sparse working environments. Proficiency and credentials in basic subspecialty procedures and care can be achieved during a 1-year fellowship.
A comparative study on carbohydrate reserves and ethanolic fermentation in the roots of two wetland and non‐wetland species after commencement of hypoxia

The problem of availability of storage carbohydrates (fructans and starch) in oxygen-deficient roots was investigated in wetland species (Senecio aquaticus Hill., Myosotis palustris[L.] L. Em. Rchb.) and compared with related non-wetland species (Senecio jacobaea L., Myosotis arvensis[L.] Hill.) with respect to ethanolic fermentation (PDC activity, ethanol production). In response to 24 h of hypoxic treatment, the pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity in roots increased 4-fold in M. arvensis and S. jacobaea, 2-fold in S. aquaticus and only slightly in M. palustris. The rise in PDC activity was accompanied by an increase in ethanol content in the roots. The increase in ethanolic fermentation in roots of intact plants was associated with a slight increase in fructose and glucose and in a clear rise in sucrose content during the first 24-48 h after commencement of the hypoxic treatment. Following 24 h of hypoxia, the content of fructans started to increase significantly for the duration of the experiment (9 days) in the four species. Since starch content changed only slightly during this period, the fructan:starch ratio increased under low energy availability. In the roots of flooding-tolerant Senecio aquaticus, the ratio shifted most clearly from 2:1 in normoxia to 9:1 in hypoxia. For the roots of the two wetland species investigated, the results indicate a stronger accumulation of carbohydrates accompanied by a lower increase in PDC activity under root hypoxia, when compared with the related non-wetland species respectively.
Initial endocytosis of peroxidase or ferritin by growth cones of cultured nerve cells

It was the purpose of this investigation to study, by means of electron microscopic examination of serial sections, the routes of uptake of the protein tracers, horseradish peroxidase (0.5%) and ferritin (9%), into definitively identified growth cones of rat sympathetic nerve cells in culture. Tracer enters the cone primarily by way of uncoated and, to a lesser degree, coated vesicles, small vacuoles, membranous tubules and cup-shaped structures. Tracer accumulates rapidly in cup-shaped and multivesicular bodies; the former acquire label directly during their formation at the cone surface and both organelle types receive tracer by way of fusion of vesicles and tubules that ferry the label from the surface. Thus, some tracer protein enters lysosome-like bodies in the cone but, because labelled vesicles and tubules are found in the nerve fibre as well, some label may reach the perikaryon without having entered this system. It is suggested that the label-laden tubules in retrograde movement in the neurite are derived from plasmalemma rather than agranular reticulum which has been implicated in anterograde transport; this difference in membrane packaging could provide a basis for bidirectional particulate traffic within the axon. Tracer is also present in characteristic vesicle aggregates sequestered in mound-like excrescences of the cone plasmalemma and in an associated subjacent system of branching tubules described here; the strikingly consistent location of these areas at the bases of or along filopodia and the labelling characteristics prompt the suggestion that label enters these structures not by an active uptake mechanism but by inclusion during a brief period of filopodial retraction or shortening. Additional points made are that
The Circle [Book Review]

The book presents ways in which personal behaviors are digitized and assesses its implications. This scenario is a slice out of the plotline in Dave Eggers’ recent novel, The Circle, and it illustrates his fictional world where pieces of information about everyday people are collected, analyzed, aggregated, and disseminated to various data consumers, always under the pretense of benefitting the greater societal good. Eggers constructs a near-future corporation called the Circle, whose goal is to achieve total societal surveillance through a pervasive process of observing, digitizing, and archiving the everyday actions of individuals in society. This process of digitizing observed behavior is the process of quantification.
A note on surgical revisions

Surgical revisions are inherent in nasal reconstruction. It is of benefit to the patient if the surgeon is able to accurately counsel the patient on the sequence and expectations prior to embarking on a multistage nasal reconstruction. The requirement to "wait a year" is an unnecessary patient burden, but almost all results improve with time.
GOAL SETTING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Four common goal setting practices in public schools are assessed from the perspective of modern organization theory. The major thesis of the paper is that organizational goals are established through the process of committing policies and allocating resources. Thus, the paper questions the rational approach to goal setting in which goal statements are developed by ad hoc committees independent of the arena in which operative decision making occurs. The paper concludes that goal setting should be viewed as a major confrontation of values and that administrators and policy makers might better clarify school goals by examining their actions.
Evidence for an indirect coupling mechanism for the nitrate-sensitive proton pump from corn root tonoplast membranes

The nitrate-sensitive proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H + -ATPase) of tonoplast membranes plays an important role in regulating the flow of nutrients and metabolic waste between the cytoplasm and vacuole in the cells of plant roots. Relatively little information is available regarding the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton pumping by the nitrate-sensitive, tonoplast H + -ATPase. The coupling may be achieved either directly, i.e. the two reaction pathways share at least one common molecular step, or indirectly, i.e. the two reaction pathways do not share an intermediate step. These coupling mechanisms may be differentiated by the responses of the two events to external perturbation
Further Studies of Factors Which Influence Xyleborus spp. Emergence and Attack of Theobroma cacao

The largest numbers of Xyleborus ferrugineus (F.) emerged daily from brood logs between 5 and 6 PM. This peak in emergence was correlated with the daily period when light intensity reached zero as registered by a light meter. Peak daily emergence of X. posticus Eichhoff occurred between 2 and 3 PM. The light intensity usually started its decline to darkness during this interval each day. Flight of beetles from brood logs was random with regard to wind direction when wind velocities were below about 1 mile per hour, but approximately 80% of flying beetles were carried by the wind when its velocity exceeded 1 mile per hour. Diesel oil-treated logs attained peak attractiveness to beetles in field conditions 2 days after the logs were cut and treated. Consecutive daily increases in beetle attacks on untreated logs in field conditions began at 9 days after the logs were cut, and peak attractiveness occurred at 18 days. Treated and untreated logs sustained a similar total number of attacks. Attacks were concentrated in the basal (lower) bark-covered portion of each log, apparently as a result of a positive geotropic response by the beetles. There was no real difference in the susceptibility of logs of cacao clones U.F. 650 and U.F. 613 to beetle attack.
First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe viburni on Viburnum tinus in California.

In June 2003, landscape and potted nursery plants of laurustinus (Viburnum tinus) in Monterey County, California, were found to be infected with a powdery mildew. White, ectophytic mycelial and conidial growth were present primarily on adaxial leaf sides with only sparse growth on abaxial surfaces. Severely infected leaves were buckled and slightly twisted. Affected leaf tissue exhibited slight purple-to-brown discoloration. Appressoria were opposite and lobed. Conidia were produced singly, cylindrical in shape, and measured 31 to 42 × 14 to 19 μm. No fibrosin bodies were observed in the conidia, and the conidia germinated at the ends. Ascomata were not observed. The fungus was identified as Erysiphe (section Microsphaera) viburni Duby (= Microsphaera sparsa Howe = Microsphaera penicillata [M. sparsa is not completely synonymous with M. penicillata because M. sparsa is defined as only those mildews that attack viburnum, whereas M. penicillata was defined as attacking dogwood, alder, etc.]) (1,2). Pathogenicity was demonstrated by gently pressing infected leaves with abundant sporulation onto recently expanded leaves of four, large, potted laurustinus in standard 5-gallon nursery containers (19 liters). Twelve leaves per plant were inoculated. The plants were incubated in a greenhouse (23 to 25°C). After 9 to 10 days, powdery mildew colonies developed on approximately 50% of the inoculated leaves. Such colonies were morphologically similar to the original fungus. Uninoculated control plants did not develop powdery mildew. Using the same technique, inoculating fully mature leaves of the same plants did not result in disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Erysiphe viburni infecting V. tinus in California. At some landscaped areas the powdery mildew was extremely severe, causing plants to take on a whitish appearance and resulting in all new foliage being misshapen. E. viburni has also been reported to infect V. japonicum in California. References: (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustave Fischer. New York, 1995. (2) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu. Schlechtendalia 4:1, 2000.
Biomechanical comparison of four C1 to C2 rigid fixative techniques: anterior transarticular, posterior transarticular, C1 to C2 pedicle, and C1 to C2 intralaminar screws.

Objective We performed a biomechanical comparison of several C1 to C2 fixation techniques including crossed laminar (intralaminar) screw fixation, anterior C1 to C2 transarticular screw fixation, C1 to 2 pedicle screw fixation, and posterior C1 to C2 transarticular screw fixation. Methods Eight cadaveric cervical spines were tested intact and after dens fracture. Four different C1 to C2 screw fixation techniques were tested. Posterior transarticular and pedicle screw constructs were tested twice, once with supplemental sublaminar cables and once without cables. The specimens were tested in three modes of loading: flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. All tests were performed in load and torque control. Pure bending moments of 2 nm were applied in flexion-extension and lateral bending, whereas a 1 nm moment was applied in axial rotation. Linear displacements were recorded from extensometers rigidly affixed to the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Linear displacements were reduced to angular displacements using trigonometry. Results Adding cable fixation results in a stiffer construct for posterior transarticular screws. The addition of cables did not affect the stiffness of C1 to C2 pedicle screw constructs. There were no significant differences in stiffness between anterior and posterior transarticular screw techniques, unless cable fixation was added to the posterior construct. All three posterior screw constructs with supplemental cable fixation provide equal stiffness with regard to flexion-extension and axial rotation. C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar screw fixation restored resistance to lateral bending but not to the same degree as the other screw fixation techniques. Conclusion All four screw fixation techniques limit motion at the C1 to 2 articulation. The addition of cable fixation improves resistance to flexion and extension for posterior transarticular screw fixation.
Research Commentary: Survival of the Fittest Algorithm or the Novelest Algorithm?

Recently a paper was published which claims "harmony search is equivalent to evolution strategies and because the latter is not popular currently, the former has no future. Also, research community was misguided by the former's disguised novelty." This paper is written to rebut the original paper's claims by saying 1) harmony search is different from evolution strategies because each has its own uniqueness, 2) performance, rather than novelty, is an algorithm's survival factor, and 3) the original paper was biased to mislead into a predefined conclusion." Also, the shortcomings of current review system, citation system, and funding system are briefly mentioned.
KAYENTA RITUAL STRUCTURES FROM AD 1100-1300

From AD 1100 to 1300 is a period considerable social and political change and movement of people across the landscape in the Kayenta region of the northern Southwest. This paper examines variability in 69 excavated kivas dated to this period to better understand changes in political and ritual organization that accompanied this change. The analysis demonstrates some aspects of kiva construction are shared across the Kayenta region while others vary through time and space. The implications of these patterns for Kayenta political and ritual organization are explored.
Patterns in vascular land plant diversification

Statistical analyses indicate that the Phanerozoic history of vascular land plants (tracheophytes) may be interpreted in terms of the successive radiations of four major plant groups, each characterized by a common morphological and/or reproductive grade. Following initial invasion of the land, the diversification of each group coincides with a decline in species numbers of the previously dominant group. Analyses indicate that each group is initially characterized by a high rate of appearance of new species but short species durations. However, within a group through time, new species appear less frequently but species durations increase. Parallels between the diversification patterns observed for tracheophytes and those previously noted for marine invertebrates1 suggest there are generalized patterns in the evolution of higher taxa.
The Non-Newtonian Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

Interest is growing concerning the influence of polymeric additives upon the viscosity of mineral oils at extremes of temperature, pressure, and shear. In this paper the author discusses the viscom...
Lysosomal enzymes in aquatic species. I. Distribution and particle properties of muscle lysosomes of the goldfish.

Abstract 1. 1. Procedures have been established for the quantitative assay of cathepsin D, acid ribonuclease, aryl sulfatase and β-glucuronidase in the white muscle of the goldfish. 2. 2. These acids hydrolases occur in partly latent and sedimentable form and are rendered soluble by treatments which liberate the enzymes from rat-liver lysosomes. 3. 3. Fractionation of total homogenates by differential centrifugation shows that the particulate enzymes have their greatest concentration in the light mitochondrial fraction. 4. 4. Fish muscle is shown to be quite favorable for the study of lysosome function in muscle tissue.
Barriers to a Comprehensive Understanding of Pregnancy Loss

Perinatal loss literature is fraught with inconsistencies that undermine the ability of researchers and the public to fully understand women's experiences of loss. Specific barriers include the use of inconsistent terminology to describe loss, conflicting research findings, the application of outdated theories to clinical care, and a lack of evidence-based practice as reported by women in research studies. These four areas are reviewed in this paper and recommendations for unifying the extant literature and systematically identifying the bereavement process are provided. Once a cohesive body of literature is developed, and the process of maternal perinatal bereavement is made clear, recommendations for practice can be tested and their contributions to the overall process of bereavement identified.
Heterogeneity in the compositon of human collagen

The imino acid composition of established collagens (liver, skin, tendon) and newly synthesized collagens (tumor in liver, cirrhotic liver, and dermal scar) in the same and different individuals has been studied. Whereas the hydroxyproline levels of tendon collagen and that of collagen derived from metastatic tumor nodules in liver of the same donor are similar, the proline levels were found to differ significantly. Thus isocollagens may exist in man. Hepatic metastasis collagen was identical to collagen derived from normal and cirrhotic liver. Furthermore, the levels of both imino acids of skin and scar collagen are similar and resemble those of tendon collagen from the same donor. From these studies, it appears that the imino acid components of collagen derived from a diseased organ resemble those of collagen from the same normal organ. Both imino acid levels appear to remain constant during aging of collagen and are independent of the donor's age at the time of new collagen synthesis.
Fluid mechanics of arterial stenosis: relationship to the development of mural thrombus.

In this study, we analyzed blood flow through a model stenosis with Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 to 3,600 using both experimental and numerical methods. The jet produced at the throat was turbulent, leading to an axisymmetric region of slowly recirculating flow. For higher Reynolds numbers, this region became more disturbed and its length was reduced. The numerical predictions were confirmed by digital particle image velocimetry and used to describe the fluid dynamics mechanisms relevant to prior measurements of platelet deposition in canine blood flow (R.T. Schoephoersteret al., Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 12:1806–1813, 1993). Actual deposition onto the wall was dependent on the wall shear stress distribution along the stenosis, increasing in areas of flow recirculation and reattachment. Platelet activation potential was analyzed under laminar and turbulent flow conditions in terms of the cumulative effect of the varying shear and elongational stresses, and the duration platelets are exposed to them along individual platelet paths. The cumulative product of shear rate and exposure time along a platelet path reached a value of 500, half the value needed for platelet activation under constant shear (J. M. Ramstacket al., Journal of Biomechanics 12: 113–125, 1979).
Shame, attachment, and addictions: Implications for family therapists

Research based on attachment theory is reviewed for its relevance to the development of later addictions. The problem of internalized shame as an attachment related issue is discussed. Some original research into internalized shame using the Internalized Shame Scale is summarized. The relevance of this research and theory for family of origin based treatment of addictions is explored.
Neonatal High-Frequency Ventilators - Comparison of Noise Levels Created by Four Different Devices

Neonatal High-Frequency Ventilators - Comparison of Noise Levels Created by Four Different Devices
Current Management of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: The Combination of Chemotherapy With Locoregional Treatments

This review will discuss the evolution of the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC), over the last few decades. Studies were identified by searching PubMed electronic databases. Surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) or definitive RT are potentially curative approaches for locally advanced HNC. While chemotherapy itself is not curative, it can improve cure rates when given as an adjunct to RT. The benefit of combining chemotherapy with RT is related to the timing of the chemotherapy. Several prospective randomized trials have demonstrated that concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and RT (CRT) is the most promising approach, given that locoregional recurrence is the leading pattern of failure for patients with locally advanced HNC. Induction chemotherapy before CRT has not been shown to be superior to CRT alone and the added toxicity may negatively impact the compliance with CRT. Sequential chemotherapy administration, in the form of induction chemotherapy followed by RT or CRT, has been successful as a strategy for organ preservation in patients with potentially resectable laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Systemic chemotherapy delivered concurrently with RT is used as a standard treatment for locally advanced HNC.
A CMOS Sensor for Measurement of Cerebral Optical Coefficients Using Non-Invasive Frequency Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy

A heterodyned architecture is integrated with a 180 nm CMOS chip for use in portable frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS) tools for real time monitoring of tissue oxygenation in the brain. The design and performance measurement results of this chip are summarized in this paper to demonstrate its applicability in multi-distance fdNIRS to measure the absorption and scattering coefficients of tissue. The 2.25 mm2 chip is integrated with four sensor channels, which have a high frequency low noise front end and information processing circuitry to interface with an avalanche photodiode to detect the high speed weak light signal. The four-channel sensor draws 40 mA of current from a 1.8 V power supply and uses an off-chip counter implemented on an FPGA to quantify the amplitude and phase information required for tissue characterization with and linearity error, respectively. An experiment using the multi-distance measurement is used to measure the optical properties of a homogeneous tissue phantom using the CMOS integrated instrument.
GULF OF MEXICO HYDROCARBON SEEP COMMUNITIES: PART IV - DESCRIPTIONS OF KNOWN CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES

The Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) at Texas A&M University has discovered vent-type, chemosynthetic communities associated with its recent findings of widespread hydrocarbon seepage, gas hydrates and authigenic carbonate on the Texas/Louisiana continental slope. These vent-type taxa (clams, mussels and tubeworms) are unique in that they are associated with active gas and oil seepage and harbour endosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic bacteria, including a proven methanotroph.
Dental Wear Scoring Technique

An ordinal dental attrition scoring technique for molar teeth involving a quadrant system is applied to three Amerind skeletal samples. Molar teeth are visually divided into four sections and each section scored on a 1–10 scale. The score for the whole tooth is the sum of the quadrant scores and ranges from 4–40. Scores are based on the amount of enamel in each quarter of the tooth. The method's reliability is demonstrated by a paired comparison type of ANOVA, for both intra- and inter-observer repeated measurements. Because the method is reliable, easy to use, and produces data with lower variances than a 1–8 system (such as Molnar's ['71]), it is recommended for use in the principal axis technique for the analysis of wear data presented in the accompanying paper.
Gender in the American Anthology Apparatus: A Linguistic Analysis

Most American anthology and canon revision has focused on author and text selections but little on the anthology editorial apparatus. The following study responds to this gap by analyzing gender representation across prefaces and overviews of the Norton and Heath American anthologies (1979-2010). Through a combined rhetorical and corpus linguistic analysis, the study reveals disparate gender representation in these materials: women are increasingly mentioned over time, but men continue to emerge as individuals of importance while women are discussed primarily as a group. This examination suggests that the revisionist, feminist scrutiny of Norton and Heath inventory has not been brought to bear on the anthologies’ apparatus—and that discursive patterns therein remain largely invisible despite that they contradict efforts to revise gender bias in anthologies. In so doing, the study offers an exploratory analysis of new methods (combined linguistic and rhetorical analysis) and new sites (apparatus texts) for examining gender in canonical and pedagogical materials.
Encapsulation, Permeability, and Cellular Uptake Characteristics of Hollow Nanometer-Sized Conductive Polymer Capsules†

The use of nanometer-sized gold particles as templates for the synthesis of hollow poly(pyrrole), poly(N-methylpyrrole), and poly(3-methylthiophene) is described in this paper. Diffusion coefficients of small molecules through the capsule shell were found to vary by almost 3 orders of magnitude depending on the polymer, polymer oxidation state, and counteranion incorporated during polymer synthesis. A small molecule (anthraquinone) and an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) were trapped inside hollow capsules by attaching them to the template particle prior to polymerization and particle etching. A thin poly(pyrrole) shell protected the enzyme 2 times longer in neat toluene compared to unencapsulated enzyme. Finally, the potential for using conductive polymer nanoparticles for intracellular delivery or diagnostics was examined by administering partice suspensions to 3T3 murine fibroblasts. Particles ranging in size from 25 to 100 nm were engulfed by fibroblasts without compromising cell viability.
ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY OF THE BRAIN: PROGRESSION PREVENTED BY LONG-TERM ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN ELEVEN PATIENTS

Abstract: Eleven elderly patients with arterial insufficiency of the brain (senile dementia, presenile dementia, transient ischemic attacks or recurrent strokes) were treated with an anticoagulant (bishydroxycoumarin) for periods varying from eight years to twenty-four days. All 11 patients showed improvement. Interruption of treatment proved safe in 2 patients, harmful in 2 others, and fatal in 3 patients. In a case of Alzheimer's disease in which bishydroxycoumarin was stopped four times, the patient deteriorated each time the drug was discontinued and improved each time it was resumed. Anticoagulant therapy appears to be effective in relieving the symptoms of arterial insufficiency of the brain and preventing progression of disability. In a selected group of patients, considerable improvement may be expected. Once relief is obtained, discontinuing anticoagulant therapy (especially within two years) may be very risky since deterioration is likely to occur. The risks of using anticoagulants for this purpose are not discussed but probably they are the same as in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Not using anticoagulants may be more harmful than using them; discontinuation withdraws effective treatment.
Mass and magnetic moment of Σ− by the exotic atom method☆

Abstract The energies and lineshapes of five circular transitions (n = 15 → n = 14 through n = 11 → = 10) of the Σ−Pb atom were measured wit of the transitions 15 → 14 through 12 → 11 were determined; these energies were compared with energies calculated from quantum electrodynamics, and the mass of Σ− was adjusted to achieve a best fit. The result was mΣ− = 1197.24 ±0.15 MeV. The lineshape of the 12→11 transition, which is broadened by the fine structure, has been analyzed to extract the magnetic moment of Σ−. The result was μΣ− = −1.40−0.28+0.41or 0.651−0.40+0.28 nuclear magnetons. Comparisons with SU (3) predictions are made.
A quantitative study of the quantum interferometer in pure magnesium

The quantum interferometer oscillations observed in the transverse magnetoresistance of Mg at liquid helium temperatures forJ∥[11\(\bar 1\)0] andH∥[1\(\bar 2\)00] have been experimentally investigated in detail. A new method of analyzing these quantum interference oscillations has been developed which permits direct line shape comparison between the experimentally observed magnetoresistance oscillations and theoretical calculations based on the stacked-mirror model of quantum transport. By using the stacked-mirror model in conjunction with the line shape comparison technique, virtually all of the approximations made in the initial studies of the quantum interferometer have been eliminated. Distinct and striking line shape changes in the magnetoresistance oscillations, critically dependent on the angle between the direction of the applied magnetic field and the basal plane of the Mg crystal, have also been observed and analyzed. This phenomenon provides direct evidence for the existence of long-range quantum phase coherence of the electron states in the Mg crystal over dimensions of ∼0.3 mm, corresponding to a quantum state lifetime τ of ∼3.5×10−10 sec. Experimental values for the three magnetic breakdown parameters that characterize the quantum interferometer in pure Mg areH1(kH=0)=3000±75 G,H2(kH=0)=10,000±1500 G, andH3(kH=0)=1000±250 G. Experimental evidence is also presented which shows a magnetic field dependence of the quantum state lifetime for some of the crystals studied.
Sustained alterations in biodistribution of stem/progenitor cells in Tie2Cre+α4f/f mice are hematopoietic cell autonomous

We have generated Tie2Cre+α4f/f mice with documented α4-integrin ablation in hematopoietic and endothelial cells. A prominent feature in this model is a sustained, significant increase in circulating progenitors at levels higher than the levels seen with Tie2Cre+VCAM-1f/f mice. To test whether phenotypic differences are due to contributions by ligands other than VCAM-1 in bone marrow, or to α4-deficient endothelial cells or pericytes, we carried out transplantation experiments using these mice as donors or as recipients. Changes in progenitor biodistribution after transplantation were seen only with α4-deficient donor cells, suggesting that these cells were necessary and sufficient to reproduce the phenotype with no discernible contribution by α4-deficient nonhematopoietic cells. Because several similarities are seen after transplantation between our results and those with CXCR4−/− donor cells, the data suggest that VLA4/VCAM-1 and CXCR4/CXCL12 pathways contribute to a nonredundant, ongoing signaling required for bone marrow retention of progenitor cells during homeostasis.
Think glocally, act glocally: a culture-centric comment on Leung, Bhagat, Buchan, Erez and Gibson (2005)

Culture is a critical variable in international business (IB), and Leung, Bhagat, Buchan, Erez and Gibson (2005) enrich our understanding of its role. However, that said, their framing of this variable conflates the role of national culture (NC), a particular form of culture, with culture itself, a more pivotal, holistic and central construct. This paper, by commenting on and critiquing their approach, seeks to shift the theoretical center of gravity from a NC-centric paradigm to a culture-centric, constructivist one, and from a top-down, bottom-up view to a flatter, glocalized one. Implications are provided which suggest that research should address cultural processes of patterning and production, as well as cultural forms, such as global communities and global culture (GC), which share with or even capture the spotlight from NC as a focus for studying and developing IB cultural theory. Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 237–254. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400410
Forward projection of transient signals obtained from a fiber-optic pressure sensor

An analytical/experimental approach is presented to reconstruct the space‐time pressure field in a plane and forward project the resultant space‐time pressure field using tomographic and wave‐vector frequency‐domain methods. Transient pressure signals from an underwater ultrasonic planar transducer are first measured using a fiber‐optic pressure sensor which is scanned across a plane at a fixed distance from the transducer. The resulting spatial line integrals in the plane are time‐dependent signals that are first used to reconstruct the space‐time pressure field in the plane via simply implemented tomographic methods. These signals are then used to forward project the space‐time pressure field to arbitrary planes further from the transducer. Numerical results will be presented for transient signals to illustrate both the projection and the detection techniques. The results of the projected fields will be compared at various distances for synthetic signals and experimental data. [Work supported, in part, by the URI Ocean Technology Center and by ONR.]
Converged Dirac R-matrix calculation of electron impact excitation of Fe XVII

Large discrepancies exist between measurements [Brown et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 253201 (2006)] and previous calculations [Chen and Pradhan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 013202 (2002)] for electron impact excitation (EIE) cross sections in 3C $(\ensuremath{\lambda}\text{ }15.015\text{ }\text{\AA{}})$ and 3D $(\ensuremath{\lambda}\text{ }15.262\text{ }\text{\AA{}})$ of Fe XVII. A converged Dirac $R$-matrix calculation of EIE in Fe XVII with an accuracy of $\ensuremath{\approx}5%$ (from theory estimate) in 3C and 3D cross sections is reported. We carry out five sets of Dirac $R$-matrix calculations to establish the convergence in our calculations. Full relativistic effects are included and the convergence of both the correlation and channel coupling effects and the combined effects of interacting Rydberg resonance series in EIE of Fe XVII is achieved. The intrinsic oscillatory features of 3C and 3D effective cross sections convolved with electron distributions are further demonstrated. Compared with recent electron beam ion trap (EBIT) measurements, there is still an $\ensuremath{\approx}20%$ difference. I give one possible reason for this puzzling difference.
Fine structure of developing polyphosphate bodies in a blue-green alga, Plectonema boryanum

Stages in the development of polyphosphate bodies in the blue-green alga, Plectonema boryanum, grown under continuous illumination in the presence of excess phosphate, are reported. During the first stage, an electronlucent area appears near the nucleoplasm or cross walls; it gradually increases to a size approximately equal to that of the final polyphosphate body. In this area a porous structure of medium electron density develops, while simultaneously electron-dense material, interpreted as polyphosphate, is deposited in the adjacent cytoplasm. Eventually, this material seems to penetrate into the porous structure. When the polyphosphate bodies are fully formed, the surrounding cytoplasm does not contain detectable amounts of polyphosphate. The formation of polyphosphate bodies in P. boryanum is compared with that in some bacterial species.
Immunological reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against large ganglion cells from bovine retina.

Abstract This report describes the preparation of a highly specific reagent (monoclonal antibody) that reacts selectively with large ganglion cells of bovine retina. Other cell populations of bovine retina react weakly or not at all, but neurons in brain regions of ox other than retina also bind the immunoglobulins specifically. Species specificity was indicated by a weak reaction with cat and dog retinal neurons, and organ specificity was shown by lack of reaction with bovine liver. This highly specific reagent can be used to classify the subsets of large retinal ganglion cells on the basis of their antigenic properties and to identify neurons in different brains regions that share antigenic determinants.
Deferration Effect on Structural Ferrous-Ferric Iron Ratio and CEC of Vermiculites and Soils

Deferration by reduction of free Fe2O3 with Na2S2O4 in the presence of Na citrate and NaHCO3 caused a change in valence state of 10 to 35 per cent of the total structural iron in micaceous vermiculites, soils, nontronite, and muscovite. An increase in Fe2+ on deferration was accompanied by an equivalent decrease in Fe3+. Subsequent treatment with H2O2 reoxidized the structural Fe2+ previously formed. Sesquioxide coatings on micaceous vermiculites were examined electron microscopically. These coatings were composed predominantly of Fe2O3 with approximately 10 per cent by weight of Al2O3 and small amounts of SiO2, as determined by chemical analysis of the deferration extracts. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased 10–60 per cent as a result of deferration of micaceous vermiculites and soils. Treatment of the deferrated sample with H2O2 restored the Fe3+ content to approximately the original value but the CEC was not affected. Consequently, the increase in CEC on deferration was attributed to the removal of the positively charged sesquioxide coating. The reversible change in valence of structural iron without an equivalent change in CEC was attributed to deprotonation-protonation of the structure (OH− ⇄ O2−) simultaneous with the oxidation-reduction of iron (Fe2+ ⇄ Fe3+) in the phyllosilicate layer.
Raise Your Profile: Build Your Program

To raise the library's profile within the campus community, it is critical to create a strategic plan and align library goals with those of the university. At George Washington University's Gelman Library, the instruction librarians gained internal and external support to hire two new instruction librarians to better support collaboration with the new university writing program. The library then used assessment data to successfully advocate for an additional two positions.
Synthesis of Novel Substituted Cyclopentadienes and Their Early Transition Metal Complexes

Synthesis of two substituted cyclopentadienes, 1,3-bis(1-methylcyclohexyl) cyclopentadiene, Cp'H and [2-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]cyclopentadiene, Cp"H from fulvene intermediates is reported. These are readily converted to their early transition metal complexes Cp'W(CO)3Me, Cp"Mo(CO)3Me, Cp"W(CO)3Me and [Cp"Ti(O)Cl · CH2Cl2]2. The X-ray crystal structure of the titanium compound shows that the nitrogen of the pyridine cyclopentadienyl substituent is coordinated to the titanium.
The computation and reporting of dissolved gas levels

Abstract Provisional standards are proposed for the computation and reporting of dissolved gas levels in freshwater and seawater. Total gas pressure should be reported in terms of excess pressure ( Δ P ). while component gases such as nitrogen, argon, oxygen and water vapor should be reported in terms of partial or excess pressure. Barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and salinity must also be reported.
Antenna tilt control in CDMA networks

This paper presents a real-time utility based procedure for antenna tilt control in cellular networks. The method's convergence to Nash equilibrium is guaranteed by the concave dependence between utility function and tilt angle. The solution was verified using a CDMA motion simulator with real path-loss data collected in downtown Delhi. The simulations show a significant reduction in dropped calls when the tilt is adapted to changes in traffic. This solution can be realized on systems that install remote control antennas.
Facial paresis associated with acute external otitis. Report of a case.

Reports of facial paralysis resulting from affections of the external auditory canal are unusual and apparently illogical. However, in a case of the right acute diffuse external otitis in a 20 year old housewife, there was evident associated mastoid as well as facial nerve involvement. The affected ear was treated with the usual local applications (polymyxin-bacitracin-neomycin mixture). Although there was immediate improvement, four days later a definite but incomplete right facial paralysis developed. A week after the external infection cleared, a profusely draining right otitis media developed in a previously normal middle ear. The facial paresis disappeared but roentgenograms showed a right catarrhal mastoiditis and moderate right conduction deafness was present. This infection was cured by local and systemic treatment. When the patient was last seen a month later (May 18, 1959), ears, hearing and facial movements were normal.
Extensible objects without labels

Typed object calculi that permit adding new methods to existing objects must address the problem of name clashes: what happens if a new method is added to an object already having one with the same name but a different type? Most systems statically forbid such clashes by restricting the allowable subtypings. In contrast, by reconsidering the runtime meaning of object extension, the object calculus studied in the author's previous work with Jon Riecke allowed any object to be soundly extended with any method of any name, with unrestricted width subtyping. That language permitted a simple encoding of classes as object-generators. Because of width subtyping, subclasses could be typechecked and compiled with little knowledge of the class hierarchy and without any information about superclasses' private components; this made derived classes more robust to changes in the implementations of base classes. However, the system was not well suited for encoding mixins or by-name subtyping of objects.This article addresses those deficiencies by presenting the Calculus of Objects and Indices (COI), a lower-level typed object calculus in which extensible objects are more analogous to tuples than to records. An object is simply a finite sequence of unnamed components referenced by their index in the sequence. Names are then reintroduced by allowing these indices to be first-class values (analogous to pointers to members in C++) that can be bound to variables. Since variables---unlike record labels---freely alpha-vary, difficulties caused by statically undetectable name clashes disappear.By combining COI objects with standard type-theoretic mechanisms, one can encode mixins and classes having the by-name subtyping of languages like C++ or Java but with the robustness of the object-generator encodings. Using records, more standard extensible objects with named components can also be encoded.
Ethylene generation and reversal of ethylene effects during development in vitro of rapid-cycling Brassica campestris L

Abstract A rapid-cycling line of Brassica compestris L was grown from seed to maturity in vitro. Ethylene accumulated in culture containers throughout the growth period when these were tightly sealed (i.e. closed with aluminum foil, tight plastic caps, parafilm or rubber stoppers), whereas no C 2 H 4 was detected in vented containers (i.e. closed with foam or cotton plugs, or loosely fitted plastic caps). Under both closure conditions, mean levels of CO 2 , O 2 and N 2 were similar to atmospheric levels. The accumulation of C 2 H 4 in sealed containers was associated with inhibition of plant development. Plants grown in a sealed condition had swollen hypocotyls, fewer and smaller leaves and either abortive flowers or no floral buds whereas plants in vented containers developed normally to maturity. Significant reversion to normal development was observed when plants growing in sealed containers were treated with 2,5-norbornadie e (NBD), an anti-C 2 H 4 compound. Treatment with NBD offers a promising way of regulating C 2 H 4 effects in vitro.
Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

By exploiting the interaction between light and phonons in a silica microsphere resonator it is possible to generate Brillouin scattering induced transparency, which is akin to electromagnetically induced transparency but for acoustic waves.
Photocoagulation for Choroidal Neovascularization

Nearly 90% of severe visual loss among patients with senile macular degeneration can be ascribed to the neovascular form of the disease. The Senile Macular Degeneration Study demonstrated that argon laser photocoagulation can reduce the risk of severe visual loss by more than 60% among patients with choroidal new vessel membranes 200 microns or greater from the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). The Krypton Photocoagulation Study, also supported by the National Eye Institute, is evaluating whether krypton red laser photocoagulation can reduce the risk of visual loss in SMD patients with new vessels within 200 microns of the center of the FAZ.
127Xe coincidence decay analysis in support of CTBT verification

For ensuring compliance with a Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, it is essential to have advanced monitoring technologies for the detection of nuclear testing and to ensure that detected signals are well understood. Traditionally, 131m Xe, 133m/g Xe, and 135Xe originating from fission are analyzed to determine their possible origin. This work explores the non-traditional isotope 127Xe (T 1/2 = 36.346(3) d) as it can occur as emission from research reactors, is used in medical procedures, and tracer experiments. It is a good candidate for quality assurance and control and inter-laboratory comparisons. 127Xe was produced via neutron activation and measured with a high purity germanium detector as well as a β–γ-coincidence detector system.