cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water Dynamics in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Effects of Heterogeneous Confinement Predicted by Computational Spectroscopy.

The behavior of water confined in MIL-53(Cr), a flexible metal–organic framework (MOF), is investigated through computational infrared spectroscopy. As the number of molecules adsorbed inside of the pores increases, the water OH stretch band of the linear infrared spectrum grows in intensity and approaches that of bulk water. To assess whether the water confined in MIL-53(Cr) becomes liquid-like, two-dimensional infrared spectra (2DIR) are also calculated. Confinement effects result in distinct chemical environments that appear as specific features in the 2DIR spectra. The evolution of the 2DIR line shape as a function of waiting time is well described in terms of the orientational dynamics of the water molecules, with chemical exchange cross peaks appearing at a time scale similar to the hydrogen bond rearrangement lifetime. The confining environment considerably slows the hydrogen bond dynamics relative to bulk as a result of the competition between water–framework and water–water interactions.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Management goals for patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) include long-term disease control, management of neurologic complications, and preservation of neurocognitive function. Various treatment options can achieve several of these goals. Chemotherapy as monotherapy or as combination therapy has emerged as the cornerstone of therapy for patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL. Outside of a clinical trial, patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL should receive high-dose intravenous methotrexate (MTX) as a single agent or as part of a combination regimen with radiation therapy reserved for relapse. The regimen should have an adequate MTX dose (>3 g/m2) to reach cytotoxic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat occult leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Alternative modes of chemotherapy delivery for selected patients, preferably in the context of a clinical trial, include high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue and intra-arterial chemotherapy with blood–brain barrier disruption. Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in standard doses and fractionation carries an unacceptable rate of long-term neurocognitive toxicity. However, lower doses in daily divided fractions may offer the possibility of adding this modality with preservation of cognition but should be performed only in the context of a clinical trial. The long-term efficacy and toxicity of this approach is currently under investigation. Certain presentations of PCNSL require different strategies. Patients with ocular lymphoma at diagnosis should receive high-dose MTX as this drug can reach cytotoxic intravitreal concentrations. Recurrence in the eyes is managed with intravitreal chemotherapy including MTX or rituximab or with radiation therapy. The field of treatment (eyes vs whole brain) should be individualized. Intrathecal (IT) MTX should be included in the treatment regimen for those patients with a positive CSF cytology, or in regimens in which lower doses of MTX are delivered over longer periods of time. It is probably reasonable to withhold IT chemotherapy in those patients who have no detectable subarachnoid disease and who can receive higher doses of MTX (>3 g/m2) over shorter infusion periods (2–4 h). Patients who develop leptomeningeal involvement despite high- dose MTX can be managed with IT chemotherapy such as liposomal cytarabine or MTX or even rituximab. Areas of bulky or symptomatic LMD should probably be treated with radiation therapy as well. Because PCNSL is an uncommon disease, entry into clinical trials must be pursued to advance the state of the art.
358 Understanding factors related to between- and within-Subject variation in an effort to better define SEGs

Objectives One approach for characterising exposures of an occupational cohort when measurement data are limited is to divide the population into Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs), or clusters of workers believed to have the same general exposure profile for the agent (s) under study, from which individual levels are established. However, when the assumed homogeneity of an SEG is incorrect, researchers risk misclassifying exposures. Through analyses of formaldehyde exposures of veterinary students enrolled in a gross anatomy laboratory course, this research examines methods for improved understanding of variability sources within a dataset in an effort to better define SEGs. Methods Initial analyses suggested classifying this cohort as one single SEG may be questionable and demonstrated the importance of an appropriate sampling strategy. A mixed-effects model was thus used to identify exposure determinants and assess sources of variation. Using formaldehyde exposure as the dependent variable, explanatory variables were partitioned into fixed effects (animal, animal part, lab location, sample collection date) and random effects (subject). Additional analyses were run separately for each animal type in an effort to examine variability by task. Results Examination of the data identified several potential sources of variability. The model indicated that animal and animal part may have a significant effect on exposure, with a within-subject to between-subject variance ratio of 2:1. The proportion of total variability attributable to within-subject variation differed by animal type, with 46.4, 98.6, and 70.2% associated with dog, goat, and horse dissections, respectively. Conclusions These results help identify and describe work characteristics influencing exposure levels within the cohort. Understanding factors related to between- and within-subject variability allows for refined sub-grouping of the population and identification of work conditions that influence day-to-day exposure variations. With on-going analyses, this work will attempt to create more informative SEGs as a way to reduce exposure misclassification.
Vibrations from delay blasting

Systems of delay blasting are discussed with particular reference to their effectiveness in reducing vibrations in the vicinity. It has been established that short-delay blasting does in some cases reduce vibrations appreciably and increase rock breakage. The exact mechanism by which it operates, however, is not yet well enough understood to permit applications with uniform success under a variety of conditions. A theory of the operation of short-delay blasting is offered as a working hypothesis to guide research and the engineering of shots until experimental data are available.
Serum creatinine elevation after switch to dolutegravir in a human immunodeficiency virus–positive kidney transplant recipient

Dolutegravir is a preferred antiretroviral drug for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients following solid organ transplantation. It has potent antiretroviral activity and does not interact with calcineurin inhibitors. We describe a case of an HIV-infected kidney transplant patient, who was noted to have a rising serum creatinine following initiation of dolutegravir. At first, an acute rejection episode was suspected, but this finding was later attributed to inhibition of creatinine secretion by dolutegravir. We suggest that an awareness of this potential effect of dolutegravir is important for providers who take care of HIV-positive kidney transplant recipients, in order to prevent potentially unnecessary testing.
The target treatment of severe hypokalemia in PICU

Objective To investigate the indication,effect and safety of rapid administration of high concentration potassium solution for severe hypokalemia(k\++2\^5 mmol/L).Methods Severely ill patients with hypokalemia in PICU were given potassium 0\^3～0\^5 mmol/(kg·h) intravenously.Dilute 15%kalii chloridi with DDW or 5% glucose into concentration of 0\^3%～1 5%,then infuse with pump constantly.When serum potassium3\^0 mmol/L,changing to regular treatment.Monitor cardiac function and transcutaneous oxygen saturation;investigate serum potassium,blood gas and EKG before treatment and serum potassium after treatment.Conclusion 14 times of target treatment were given to 11 cases. The initial serum potassium was 1\^8～3\^0 mmol/L(av 2\^51 mmol/L).6 of 14 with k\++2\^5 mmol/L(42\^8%).The treatment maintained 1～8\^5 hr (av 6\^64 hr).The volume of potassium was 4～50 mmol(av 16\^5 mmol).The concentration of potassium solution was 0\^3%～5\^1%(av 0\^97%).The rate of k\++ infused was 0\^3～0\^58 mmol/(kg·h),av 0\^44 mmol/(kg·h).Serum potassium was increased to 0\^13～1\^83 mmol/L(av 0\^68 mmol/L).So the increasing rate of serum potassium was 0\^103 mmol/(L·h) in average.No arrhythmia was detected.Results Rapid administration of high concentration potassium solution was safe and effective for severe hypokalemia.
Mathematical Model and Parameter Design of Main Circuit for Operational Test of Modular Multi-Level HVDC Converter Valves

The calculation method and selection principle of main circuit parameters for operational test of modular multi-level converter(MMC) HVDC converter valves are researched.Through the analysis on energy exchange process of key equipments in the main circuit,a switching function-based time-domain analytical mathematical model for related electric quantities is built to illustrate the influences of the selection of main equipment parameters on characteristics of electric quantities.A design method for parameters of main equipments,in which such factors as test capability of main circuit and quality of test waveforms are synthetically taken into account,is proposed.The design case is analyzed by simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC software and simulation results show that the built mathematical model can reflect both physical features and influencing factors of electric quantities accurately,and based on the proposed method the expected results of main circuit parameter selection can be achieved.
Abstract CN06-02: Regulation of AR variants by BET bromodomains in prostate cancer

Expression of androgen receptor (AR) variants (AR-Vs) lacking the AR ligand binding domain (LBD) in prostate cancer tissues or circulating tumor cells is associated with poor clinical outcomes. AR-Vs function as constitutively active transcription factors and represent a resistance mechanism whereby the growth of prostate cancer cells can remain AR-dependent, yet uncoupled from endocrine regulation. Tumors that have developed this mechanism of resistance are unlikely to respond to successive generations of endocrine therapies. The absence of a LBD presents a formidable challenge for direct inhibition of AR-Vs because alternative sites on the AR protein appropriate for specific and high-affinity drug targeting are not evident. An indirect approach may be through inhibition of AR-V expression and/or transcriptional activation mechanisms. To this end, we have found that treatment of prostate cancer cell lines with the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitor JQ1 resulted in inhibition of AR and AR-V chromatin binding and impaired AR and AR-V driven prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These anti-AR activities were associated with JQ1-mediated reduction in binding of the BET family member BRD2 to a region near the AR transcription start-site featuring broad enrichment of histone H3 acetylated at lysine 27. Consistent with these chromatin effects at the AR locus, JQ1 treatment down-regulated AR and AR-V transcript and protein expression. Overall, these findings highlight regulation of AR and AR-V expression by BRD2, and provide pre-clinical rationale for BET inhibition as a strategy for overcoming resistance mediated by constitutively active AR-Vs in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Scott M. Dehm. Regulation of AR variants by BET bromodomains in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr CN06-02.
Correlation between stage and grade in prostatic adenocarcinoma: A morphometric study

The independence of stage and grade as prognostic factors for prostatic carcinoma is unclear. Previous studies have been hampered by both the uncertain reproducibility of subjective grading systems and the lack of a scalar grading measure, and have reached opposing conclusions. To examine this question, we quantitated via point-counting the per cent of tumor cells showing glandular differentiation in 90 cases of primary prostatic adenocarcinoma. Patient records were examined retrospectively to verify both the stage at presentation and follow-up. Stage and morphometric grade were found to be inversely correlated, (p < 0.001), with the mean per cent of tumor cells showing glandular differentiation at each stage as follows: A-71 per cent; B-59 per cent; C-33 per cent; D-28 per cent. Analysis of variance revealed these differences to be significant (p < 0.001), and Newman-Keuls test showed significant differences between the following stage pairs: A-C, A-D, B-C, B-D (p < 0.05). In spite of the marked correlation between stage and grade, multiple regression analysis showed them to be independent predictors of survival, although their combined effect was not much greater than that of morphometric grading alone. We conclude that, for prostatic carcinoma, the close correlation of stage and grade makes it difficult to combine them in determining the prognosis of the individual patient, although both together may be useful in studies of large populations.
The cochlear nuclear complex: MR location and abnormalities.

PURPOSE To determine the usefulness of MR imaging in locating known structural landmarks of the cochlear nuclear complex (CNC), and to determine the frequency of CNC abnormalities, based on these landmarks, in patients referred for MR evaluation of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 12 consecutive months of temporal bone/posterior fossa MR images retrospectively to find four known structural landmarks of the CNC: the vestibulocochlear nerve root entry zone; the cerebellar flocculus; the curvilinear choroid plexus along and protruding from the foramen of Luschka; and the bulge of the CNC into the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle and the foramen of Luschka. We tabulated the number of landmarks located per CNC and the number and type of CNC MR abnormalities. Medical records were then reviewed to tabulate clinical indication for MR imaging, type of hearing deficit, and etiology of the hearing deficit and clinical-pathologic proof. RESULTS 175 patients (ages 15-75 years) provided 350 CNCs for study. All 350 CNCs showed at least three of the four landmarks. Thirteen of the 175 patients (7.4%) had focal CNC MR abnormalities; 136 of these 175 patients had been referred for MR evaluation of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. In 10 of these 136 patients (7.4%), the CNC abnormalities shown on MR proved to be the cause of the sensorineural hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS MR reliably delineates the CNC. Over 1 year, approximately 7% of patients referred for MR evaluation of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss had MR-determined focal CNC abnormalities that caused the sensorineural hearing loss.
Relating application frequency to morphological structure: the case of Tommo So vowel harmony*

We describe three vowel-harmony processes in Tommo So and their interaction with morphological structure. The verbal suffixes of Tommo So occur in a strict linear order, establishing a Kiparskian hierarchy of distance from the root. This distance is respected by all three harmony processes; they ‘peter out’, applying with lower frequency as distance from the root increases. The function relating application rate to distance is well fitted by families of sigmoid curves, declining in frequency from one to zero. We show that, assuming appropriate constraints, such functions are a direct consequence of Harmonic Grammar. The crucially conflicting constraints are Ident (violated just once by harmonised candidates) and a scalar version of Agree (violated one to seven times, based on closeness of the target to the root). We show that our model achieves a close fit to the data, while a variety of alternative models fail to do so.
Microsleep Prediction Using an EKG Capable Heart Rate Monitor

Microsleep is an involuntary episode of sleep which lasts for a fraction of a second or up to one minute where an individual fails to respond to their environment and becomes unconscious. Because of the lapsed time, microsleep can create dangerous situations, for example when a user is driving a car, any microsleep can result in unsafe situations or even death. In this paper, we design a system that detects and predicts microsleep using data gathered from an EKG capable heart rate monitor. The results of our study show that we detect microsleep correctly 96% of the time and we can predict the time period in which the next microsleep will occur 83% of the time. These predictions occur between 15 seconds and 5 minutes before the next microsleep. After a microsleep is detected or predicted, the system alerts the subject, allowing the shortening of current and prevention of future microsleeps.
Seed-Coat Fragments in Ginned Lint: The Effect of Varieties, Harvesting, and Ginning Practices:

Weather, varietal, harvesting, and ginning effects on seed-coat fragment count and weight in ginned lint cotton were evaluated in a 2-year study in the Mississippi Delta. In this study, harvest and...
ANÁLISIS DEL FLAMENCO COMO RECURSO TURÍSTICO EN ANDALUCÍA

El flamenco es un arte que nace en Andalucia resultado de una fusion de culturas que convivieron durante siglos en esta tierra. La fuerza del flamenco hace que se haya convertido en marca de identificacion de Andalucia y de Espana, lo que se traduce en una demanda exterior y una afluencia de turistas conocedores del flamenco o con curiosidad por el mismo. El turismo cultural del flamenco, tiene una importante repercusion economica sobre el sector del espectaculo, de la formacion, hosteleria y otras industrias asociadas, como la de complementos flamencos. El flamenco como marca debe tener un apoyo publico y privado andaluz que potencie su desarrollo y favorezca la afluencia de turismo cultural.
Childhood Trauma as a Public Health Issue

In this chapter, we first review the public health impact of childhood trauma, including consequences related to mental health, physical health, academic and socioeconomic outcomes, and interpersonal functioning. Next, we review the public health response to childhood trauma, including efforts to prevent child trauma exposure and prevent the mental health consequences of trauma among children and approaches to intervention and treatment delivery in low-resource settings where mental health resources are scarce. Because interpersonal violence exposure including maltreatment (i.e., physical and sexual abuse) and other forms of violence exposure (i.e., violence occurring in the home, school, or community) are more strongly associated with downstream mental health problems than non-interpersonal forms of trauma (Breslau et al. 1998; McLaughlin et al. 2013), we focus primarily on traumatic events involving interpersonal violence.
Distinct Functional Connectivities Predict Clinical Response with Emotion Regulation Therapy.

Despite the success of available medical and psychosocial treatments, a sizable subgroup of individuals with commonly co-occurring disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), fail to make sufficient treatment gains thereby prolonging their deficits in life functioning and satisfaction. Clinically, these patients often display temperamental features reflecting heightened sensitivity to underlying motivational systems related to threat/safety and reward/loss (e.g., somatic anxiety) as well as inordinate negative self-referential processing (e.g., worry, rumination). This profile may reflect disruption in two important neural networks associated with emotional/motivational salience (e.g., salience network) and self-referentiality (e.g., default network). Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) was developed to target this hypothesized profile and its neurobehavioral markers. In the present study, 22 GAD patients (with and without MDD) completed resting state MRI scans before receiving 16 sessions of ERT. To test study hypotheses, we examined the associations between baseline patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the insula and of hubs within the default network (anterior and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [MPFC] and posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]) and treatment-related changes in worry, somatic anxiety symptoms, and decentering. Results suggest that greater treatment linked reductions in worry were associated with iFC clusters in both the insular and parietal cortices. Greater treatment linked gains in decentering, a metacognitive process that involves the capacity to observe items that arise in the mind with healthy psychological distance that is targeted by ERT, was associated with iFC clusters in the anterior and posterior default network. The current study adds to the growing body of research implicating disruptions in the default and salience networks as promising targets of treatment for GAD with and without co-occurring MDD.
Neurotrophin 3 upregulates proliferation and collagen production in human aortic valve interstitial cells: a potential role in aortic valve sclerosis

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a leading cardiovascular disorder in the elderly. Diseased aortic valves are characterized by sclerosis (fibrosis) and nodular calcification. Sclerosis, an e...
Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc

To better understand the role of slab melt in the petrogenesis of North Cascades magmas, this study focuses on petrogenesis of high-Mg lavas from the two northernmost active volcanoes in Washington. High-Mg andesites (HMA) and basaltic andesites (HMBA) in the Cascade Arc have high Mg# [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe 2+ )] relative to their SiO 2 contents, elevated Nd/Yb, and are Ni- and Cr-enriched. The rock units examined here include the Tarn Plateau HMBA (51.8–54.0 wt% SiO 2 , Mg# 68–70) and Glacier Creek HMA (58.3–58.7 wt% SiO 2 , Mg# 63–64) from the Mount Baker Volcanic Field, and the Lightning Creek HMBA (54.8–54.6 SiO 2 , Mg# 69–73) from Glacier Peak. This study combines major and trace element compositions of minerals and whole rocks to test several petrogenetic hypotheses and to determine which, if any, are applicable to North Cascades HMA and HMBA. In the Tarn Plateau HMBA, rare earth element (REE) equilibrium liquids calculated from clinopyroxene compositions have high Nd/Yb that positively correlates with Mg#. This correlation suggests an origin similar to that proposed for Aleutian adakites, where intermediate, high Nd/Yb slab-derived melts interact with the overlying mantle to become Mg-rich, and subsequently mix with low Nd/Yb, mantle-derived mafic magmas with lower Mg#. In the Glacier Creek HMA, elevated whole-rock MgO and SiO 2 contents resulted from accumulation of xenocrystic olivine and differentiation processes, respectively, but the cause of high Nd/Yb is less clear. However, high whole-rock Sr/P (fluid mobile/fluid immobile) values indicate a mantle source that was fluxed by an enriched, hydrous slab component, likely producing the observed high Nd/Yb REE signature. The Lightning Creek HMBA is a hybridized rock unit with at least three identifiable magmatic components, but only one of which has HMA characteristics. Cr and Mg contents in Cr-spinel and olivine pairs in this HMA component suggest that its source is a strongly depleted mantle, and high whole-rock Sr/P values indicate mantle melting that was induced through hydration, likely adding the component responsible for the observed high Nd/Yb REE pattern. The elevated SiO 2 contents (54.6 wt%) of the HMA component resulted from differentiation or high degrees of partial melting of ultramafic material through the addition of H 2 O. Therefore the Lightning Creek HMBA is interpreted to have originated from a refractory mantle source that underwent melting through interaction with an enriched slab component. Our results indicate that in addition to slab-derived fluids, slab-derived melts also have an important role in the production of HMA and HMBA in the north Cascade Arc.
Petri Net Feedback Controller Design for a Manufacturing System

Abstract This paper describes a computationally efficient method for synthesising feedback controllers for plants modeled by Petri nets while illustrating the method with a running example of a manufacturing system. The controller, a Petri net itself, computed using the concept of Petri net place invariants, enforces a set of linear constraints on the plant. Computationally efficient and automatically derived techniques are given to deal with uncontrollable transitions in the plant and the on-line recomputation of the controller due to sensor failures.
Against the grain: Reading for the challenges of collaborative digital humanities pedagogy

This article provides a critical review of the past five years of literature in digital humanities pedagogy and faculty-librarian collaboration, commingled with reflections on personal practice, wh...
P4.68 Internalised of hiv-related stigma and associated factors among hiv-infected adults receiving care

Introduction Internalisation of HIV-related stigma may affect a person’s disease management and his\her accessibility to services. However, little is known about HIV-related stigma and its associated factors in patients with HIV. We aimed to examine HIV-related stigma and its associated factors. Methods We used Mississippi Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) data from 2011 to 2014 (n=793). MMP is a cross-sectional surveillance system designed to assess the behavioural and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected adults at least 18 years of age receiving outpatient care in the United States. Dependent variable was HIV-related stigma. Our independent variables were gender, sexual orientation, race, age, education, poverty level, smoking, binge drinking, drug abuse, length of time diagnosed with HIV, and insurance. T-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were conducted (p Results Overall, 75% of respondents reported at least one internalised HIV-related stigma experience. The average stigma score overall was 2.3 (out of 6), with a standard error of 0.07. Our finding showed that stigma was significantly higher among females (M=2.6, t=2.9, p=0.003), patients aged 18–24 (M=2.9, F=4.6, p=0.003), those with less than high school education (M=2.7, t=2.4, p=0.02), binge drinker (M=2.8, t=2.3, p=0.02), drug abuser (M=2.7, t=2.3, p=0.02 ), those who have been diagnosed with HIV since Conclusion The findings indicate that HIV-related stigma is very common among HIV patients, and is significantly associated with gender, education, drug abuse and insurance status, highlighting a need for stigma reduction interventions, with a focus on population at risk.
Teaching Global Inequality Through the World of Commodities

Teaching about global economic inequality can be difficult. The physical and social distance between North American students and workers in the global South can make this inequality feel abstract. Instructors need to find a way to ground this experience of labor exploitation in a way that helps students to connect to the lives of workers. In this chapter, I provide details on using student research projects on commodity production in particular, and teaching a commodity-centered class in general, as a method to introduce and reinforce student understanding of social science concepts that explain the reasons why global inequality is persistent.
Erasmus on Dogs and Baths and Other Odious Comparisons

Fully aware of an antipathy to comparisons that looks back not only to ancient philosophy and law but to the early modern schoolroom, Erasmus nevertheless puts his full prestige behind the strategy so foundational to the rhetorical theory of Plato, Cicero, Quintilian and Aphthonius. This essay examines the key role of comparison in the form of similitudo , parabola or collatio , and imago in Erasmus’ educational reform as represented by his De copia , De ratione studii , and De conscribendis epistolis , as well as in his own literary production, especially his Adages .
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Toxicity

Gastrointestinal injury due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be due to direct, nonspecific mucosal irritation or indirect pharmacological alterations primarily associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). Nonselective COX inhibition results in decrease in pain and inflammation but also increases the risk for gastrointestinal injury due to alterations in mucosal blood flow, mucin secretion, mucosal pH, and gastrointestinal integrity. Non-COX-related mechanisms of NSAID-induced mucosal injury include inhibition of nitric oxide formation.
Treatment of Liver Injuries: An Overview

The liver is the largest organ in the body and the organ most frequently injured. This is true for both blunt and penetrating wounds. The morbidity and mortality associated with liver injury vary with the associated hemorrhagic shock insult, the severity of liver injury as judged by the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and the presence or absence of bleeding at the time of operative intervention. The severity of injury related to missile wounds correlates directly with the amount of energy that is dissipated as the missile traverses the liver, with the energy being calculated by the classic formula of energy = mass × volume 2 ÷ 2. Thus, high velocity missiles have the greatest potential for creating the worst injuries. When a patient with a liver injury presents with severe hemorrhagic shock that is not rapidly reversible with preoperative resuscitation, the mortality is very high; when the hemorrhagic shock insult is corrected while in transit to the operating room, the mortality is low; when there is no associated hemorrhagic shock, the mortality is negligible.
Conflicts between Authenticity and User Retrieval in Classification Work

The field of knowledge organization theory shows major divides in priorities and conclusions: whether the core of classification is structure or meaning (Beghtol, 1986; Mills, 2004; Sparck Jones, 1970), whether a classification designer can or should rely solely on the literature to determine terminology (Fidel, 1994; Hulme, 1911; Mai, 2005), and whether it is the global principles (Ranganathan, 1962) or the individual classification designer’s knowledge and insight (Albrechtsen and Pejtersen, 2003; Feinberg, 2007; Hjorland, 2002) that creates a good system. The field of classification research offers no clear consensus on how classification construction occurs in practice or its ideal version (Park, 2008). Nor do we understand how classificationists negotiate conflicts between these principles and approaches in daily work. For example, if literary warrant is insufficient to make semantic decisions (Fidel, 1994; Mai, 2005), how do classification designers justify and reconcile – to themselves, their institutions, and their users – the inevitable use of personal and contextual information with the belief that the system should represent the documents without bias? Similarly, at what point (if any) in a domain analysis process does the classification designer encounter the impact of his or her system on the field being organized, and how does he or she seek to minimize or justify this distortion?
Genome-wide Prediction of Potential Polycomb Response Elements and their Functions

The Polycomb-group proteins (PcG) and Trithorax-group proteins (TrxG) are two major epigenetic regulators important for proper differentiation during development. In Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), Polycomb response elements (PREs) are short segments of DNA with a high density of binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) that recruit PcG and TrxG proteins to chromatin. Each PRE has a different number of binding sites for PcG and TrxG, and these binding sites have different topological organizations. It is thus difficult to find general rules to discover the locations of PREs over the entire genome. We have developed a framework to predict the locations and roles of potential PRE regions over the entire D. melanogaster genome using machine learning algorithms. Using a combination of motif-based and simple sequence-based features, we were able to train a random forest (RF) model with very high performance in predicting active PRE regions. This model could distinguish potential PRE regions from non-PRE regions (precision and recall ~0.92 upon cross-validation). In the process, the model suggests that previously unrecognized TFs might contribute to PcG/TrxG recruitment at the PRE locations, as the presence of binding sites for those factors is strongly informative of active PREs. A secondary regression model provides information on features that further differentiate PREs into functional subclasses. Our findings provide both new predictions of 7887 potential PREs in the D. melanogaster genome, and new mechanistic insight into the set of DNA-associated proteins that may contribute to PcG recruitment and/or activity.
Quadratic penalty method for intensity-based deformable image registration and 4DCT lung motion recovery.

Intensity-based deformable image registration (DIR) requires minimizing an image dissimilarity metric. Imaged anatomy, such as bones and vasculature, as well as the resolution of the digital grid, can often cause discontinuities in the corresponding objective function. Consequently, the application of a gradient-based optimization algorithm requires a preprocessing image smoothing to ensure the existence of necessary image derivatives. Simple block matching (exhaustive search) methods do not require image derivative approximations, but their general effectiveness is often hindered by erroneous solutions (outliers). Block match methods are therefore often coupled with a statistical outlier detection method to improve results. Purpose The purpose of this work is to present a spatially accurate, intensity-based DIR optimization formulation that can be solved with a straightforward gradient-free quadratic penalty algorithm and is suitable for 4D thoracic computed tomography (4DCT) registration. Additionally, a novel regularization strategy based on the well-known leave-one-out robust statistical model cross-validation method is introduced. Methods The proposed Quadratic Penalty DIR (QPDIR) method minimizes both an image dissimilarity term, which is separable with respect to individual voxel displacements, and a regularization term derived from the classical leave-one-out cross-validation statistical method. The resulting DIR problem lends itself to a quadratic penalty function optimization approach, where each subproblem can be solved by straightforward block coordinate descent iteration. Results The spatial accuracy of the method was assessed using expert-determined landmarks on ten 4DCT datasets available on www.dir-lab.com. The QPDIR algorithm achieved average millimeter spatial errors between 0.69 (0.91) and 1.19 (1.26) on the ten test cases. On all ten 4DCT test cases, the QPDIR method produced spatial accuracies that are superior or equivalent to those produced by current state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, QPDIR achieved accuracies at the resolution of the landmark error assessment (i.e., the interobserver error) on six of the ten cases. Conclusion The QPDIR algorithm is based on a simple quadratic penalty function formulation and a regularization term inspired by leave-one-out cross validation. The formulation lends itself to a parallelizable, gradient-free, block coordinate descent numerical optimization method. Numerical results indicate that the method achieves a high spatial accuracy on 4DCT inhale/exhale phases.
Report of the Committee on Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1937–38

The membership of the Committee has remained unchanged [see Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 18th Annual Meeting, 1937, p. 342]. No special subject was considered by the Committee during this year and the year's report will consist of references to papers or reports on current work. Mr. Scofield's paper entitled “Recent studies on quality of water for irrigation,” presented at the regional meeting of the Section of Hydrology at Davis, California, January 7 and 8, 1938, gives a comprehensive summary of work in the field covered by the title. The author points out some of the deficiencies in the available material and suggests desirable standards for sampling and analysis.
Real-Time Digital Subcarrier Cross-Connect Based on Distributed Arithmetic DSP Algorithm

A real-time DSP enabled digital subcarrier cross-connect (DSXC) with resampling filters is demonstrated based on distributed arithmetic (DA) for channel frequency translation. This circuit-based DSXC supports flexible and fine data-rate granularity of subcarrier channels, and offers the capability to improve spectral efficiency in optical networks.
Optimization methods for MR image reconstruction (long version)

The development of compressed sensing methods for magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction led to an explosion of research on models and optimization algorithms for MR imaging (MRI). Roughly 10 years after such methods first appeared in the MRI literature, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved certain compressed sensing methods for commercial use, making compressed sensing a clinical success story for MRI. This review paper summarizes several key models and optimization algorithms for MR image reconstruction, including both the type of methods that have FDA approval for clinical use, as well as more recent methods being considered in the research community that use data-adaptive regularizers. Many algorithms have been devised that exploit the structure of the system model and regularizers used in MRI; this paper strives to collect such algorithms in a single survey. Many of the ideas used in optimization methods for MRI are also useful for solving other inverse problems.
Global Longitudinal Strain and Immune Status in Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

ABSTRACT Improvement in survival among PLHIV has led to increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Whether HIV-associated immune dysfunction is associated with preclinical LV dysfunction despite normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship of immune status and left ventricular (LV) function in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) analyses were performed retrospectively on all echocardiograms for PLHIV who had available HIV-1 RNA viral load, nadir and proximal CD4 cell count data at Duke University Medical Center between 2001 and 2012. The relationship between HIV-1 RNA viral load, nadir and proximal CD4 count and GLS as a continuous dependent variable was assessed with unadjusted and adjusted linear regression. GLS was calculated for 253 PLHIV. Median GLS in our cohort was -15.1% with IQR from (-16.7 to -13.6). All participants had an LVEF ≥ 50%. In adjusted analyses, proximal CD4 3 , and nadir CD4 3 were significantly inversely correlated with GLS (p=0.01 and p=0.004, respectively). In PLHIV, person with plasma HIV RNA
Learning and Recognizing Archeological Features from LiDAR Data

We present a remote sensing pipeline that processes LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data through machine & deep learning for the application of archeological feature detection on big geo-spatial data platforms such as e.g. IBM PAIRS Geoscope [1], [2].Today, archeologists get overwhelmed by the task of visually surveying huge amounts of (raw) LiDAR data in order to identify areas of interest for inspection on the ground. We showcase a software system pipeline that results in significant savings in terms of expert productivity while missing only a small fraction of the artifacts.Our work employs artificial neural networks in conjunction with an efficient spatial segmentation procedure based on domain knowledge. Data processing is constraint by a limited amount of training labels and noisy LiDAR signals due to vegetation cover and decay of ancient structures. We aim at identifying geo-spatial areas with archeological artifacts in a supervised fashion allowing the domain expert to flexibly tune parameters based on her needs.
Chapter 5 – Heterogeneous Faces

Publisher Summary The enormous amount of attention given by the news media to politics and political figures implies a public with a great interest in and a huge appetite for such information. Interest and appetite in fact describe only a modest proportion of the public. The resolution of political issues depends on debate and conflict. Issues and topics are placed on the public agenda by events, advocacy groups, and prominent political figures. Often, these function in tandem, with unpredictable events used by advocacy groups and political figures to further the policies they support. The forthcoming presidential election produced slightly fewer voters than nonvoters whereas the survey produced voters at a ratio of greater than two to one. The disconnected and the disenchanted are quite similar attitudinally. However, they differ sharply in their use of the news media, with the former paying no attention to newspapers on a daily basis and only about a third regularly watching television news while more than half of the latter attend to newspapers daily and almost two-thirds regularly watch television news.
Wavelet sets for crystallographic groups

Single wavelet sets, and thus single wavelets, are shown to exist for the actions of all crystallographic groups on \(\mathbb R^2\) under all integer dilations. Examples of such sets satisfying the additional requirement that they are finite unions of convex sets are presented for each of the groups under dilation by two.
A Novel Assessment Technique Does Not Produce More Reliable Estimates of Maximal Neuromuscular Strength.

Accurate determinations of individuals’ one-repetition maximum (1RM) are critical when evaluating the effectiveness of an exercise intervention involving progressive resistance training (RT). Tradi...
Phosphorus Speciation and Bioavailability in the Surface Sediments of Maryland Coastal Bays

Gurung, D.P.; Chen, N.; Waguespack, Y.; Ruby, D.E.; Ishaque, A.B., and Chigbu, P., 2020. Phosphorus speciation and bioavailability in the surface sediments of Maryland coastal bays. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(6), 1266–1277. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton growth and biochemical processes. In shallow coastal lagoons, there is strong coupling between water column and sediments in terms of P dynamics. To better understand dynamics and bioavailability of P in Maryland coastal bays (MCBs), surface sediment samples were collected at 13 sites of MCBs in May, August, October, and December in 2013 to assess the major reservoirs using a six-step sequential P extraction procedure. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the spatial/temporal variations of P species in MCB sediment and to assess the relationship of P species at various locations with material sources and sediment types, and (2) to assess the bioavailability of sedimentary P in the study area. The average percentages of fractions of P of four months (representing four seasons) in surface sediments were Det-P (33.5 ± 4.36%) > total organic P (27.2 ± 3.43%) > Fe-P (13.0 ± 1.36%) > Al-P (12.2 ± 1.25%) > authigenic P (11.1 ± 2.86%) > L.Adsorp-P (3.0 ± 0.38%). On average, bioavailable P in surface sediments accounted for 55.4% of total P and thus represented a significant proportion of the sedimentary P pools in MCBs. Total P (TP) in the surface sediment ranged from 309.8 to 1345.4 µg/g with an average of 874.5 ± 343.3 µg/g. There was a strong positive relationship between TP and sediment grain size (mean phi) such that sites with the finest sediments (clay-silt) closest to the mouths of tributaries had significantly higher TP than sites with coarser grains.
Hybrid Method of Remote Sensing of Electrostatic Potential for Proximity Operations

Touchless determination of electrostatic potential is an enabling technology for a wide variety of orbital robotics applications. This concept is useful for characterizing satellite surfaces during servicing missions, preventing electrostatic discharge during initial contact, and accounting for electrostatic perturbations that affect the relative motion during proximity operations. The electrostatic tractor concept proposes using these forces and torques to detumble or tow uncontrolled satellites to graveyard orbits. All of these applications require the ability to remotely sense the voltage on another spacecraft prior to any physical contact. Two methods have been proposed for remote monitoring of spacecraft electrostatic potential from a co-orbiting craft. This paper considers fusing data from both sensing methods to mitigate the limitations of each method and produce a robust estimate of the surface voltage. The methods involve observing x-ray and electron spectra emitted when energetic electrons, such as those from an electron gun, strike the surface of the target. The electron method provides a highly accurate estimate but is strongly sensitive to the relative geometry of the spacecraft which limits the times during which a usable signal is received. The x-ray method produces a less accurate estimate but is less affected by the target geometry. Experimental results demonstrate that fusing the datasets produces significant improvements in accuracy and geometrical coverage of the voltage estimate across a wide range of conditions, including a rotating target plate. These results are important for future missions which must remotely monitor the potential on a nearby object to ensure mission success.
Comparison of central-line-associated bloodstream infections between central venous catheters lined by combined chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine versus silver ionotrophes alone: A before-after-before retrospective study - CORRIGENDUM

A before-after-before direct comparison between catheters lined with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine (CHSS) versus silver ionotrophes (SI) with a primary objective of comparison of rate of central-line-associated infection (CLABSI) in three 10-month windows. The CHSS catheters were associated with a lower rate of CLABSI.
Anti-Distillation: Improving Reproducibility of Deep Networks

Deep networks have been revolutionary in improving performance of machine learning and artificial intelligence systems. Their high prediction accuracy, however, comes at a price of model irreproducibility in very high levels that do not occur with classical linear models. Two models, even if they are supposedly identical, with identical architecture and identical trained parameter sets, and that are trained on the same set of training examples, while possibly providing identical average prediction accuracies, may predict very differently on individual, previously unseen, examples. Prediction differences may be as large as the order of magnitude of the predictions themselves. Ensembles have been shown to somewhat mitigate this behavior, but without an extra push, may not be utilizing their full potential. In this work, a novel approach, Anti-Distillation, is proposed to address irreproducibility in deep networks, where ensemble models are used to generate predictions. Anti-Distillation forces ensemble components away from one another by techniques like de-correlating their outputs over mini-batches of examples, forcing them to become even more different and more diverse. Doing so enhances the benefit of ensembles, making the final predictions more reproducible. Empirical results demonstrate substantial prediction difference reductions achieved by Anti-Distillation on benchmark and real datasets.