cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gluconeogenesis in the Kidney Cortex QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF CARBON FLOW

Abstract Using analytical data and the results of degradation of glucose, lactate, and glutamate produced from [2-14C]pyruvate or lactate, we have estimated the pathways of carbon flow during active gluconeogenesis in the kidney cortex. This approach involves a steady state model and solution with the aid of a digital computer. By the isotopic method one can estimate the rates of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and fumarase exchange and these are compared with rates of gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The cycle involving variations on the scheme [pyruvate → oxalacetate → phosphoenol-pyruvate → pyruvate] was measured and found to be similar to the rate of glucose synthesis, indicating that net flux through pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase may be nearly twice the net rate of glucose formation. The rate of fumarase exchange was about four times the net rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Affective Outcomes of Coursework on Computer Technology in Nursing.

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to examine affective outcomes of the introduction to computer technology provided baccalaureate nursing students. Correlates of positive attitudes were also investigated. Third, the construct validity of the two parallel forms of the attitude measure employed was studied. A one group, pre-test, post-test design was used. Analysis using a paired t-test showed that students' attitudes were significantly higher after the coursework than before it. Significant relationships between attitudes toward computing and the following factors were revealed: area of greatest interest in computing, expectations of future use of computers, age, and basic nursing/RN student status. Outcomes of the study contribute to the construct validity of the attitude measures.
Mutation of a conserved lysine in the kinase homology domain reduces the natriuretic peptide-dependent activity and phosphorylation of guanylyl cyclase-A.

Background and results Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) regulate the cardiovascular system and metabolism by activating the membrane-spanning enzyme, guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) [1]. Eight serine and threonine phosphorylation sites have been identified between the membrane-spanning region and the beginning of the kinase homology domain (KHD) of GC-A [2,3]. Mutation of four or more of these sites to alanine produced a mutant form of GC-A that could not be activated by ANP, and prolonged exposure to ANP or acute exposure to protein kinase C activators resulted in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of GC-A [4,5]. Despite the clear role of phosphorylation in the regulation of GC-A, it is not known how it is phosphorylated or whether the KHD has intrinsic protein kinase activity. A previous study demonstrated that the K535A missense mutant of GC-A lacks ANP-dependent guanylyl cyclase activity while maintaining a functional catalytic domain, which is consistent with the mutation reducing GC-A phosphorylation [6]. K535 corresponds to an invariant lysine in known protein kinases that forms a salt bridge that stabilizes the N-terminal small lobe of the kinase. In some structures this lysine also interacts with the alpha and beta phosphates of ATP to facilitate substrate positioning. Here, we show first measurements of GC-A protein concentrations based on Coomassie staining and GC-A phosphate concentrations based on ProQ Diamond staining of SDS gels containing immunopurified GC-A to estimate the stoichiometry of the phosphorylation of the K535A mutant compared to wild type GC-A (Figure 1). The initial experiment indicates that K535A-GC-A has a reduced phosphorylation to protein ratio. Additional experiments will be optimized
Poetry and professionalism.

Serendipity characterizes life in the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago. Being in the privileged position of working with talented students, residents, faculty, and staff, I have encounters nearly every day of unexpected surprise. Such was the case several years ago when two of our students presented the idea of creating White Coat Pocket Poetry, a small book of poems for each third-year medical student. Students were encouraged to use the book in whatever way would bemost meaningful to them—in reflecting privately on their experiences, in speaking with their families about their medical training, or in talking with their patients. Soon afterWhite Coat Pocket Poetrywas published, another moment of serendipity occurred. This time, the surprise came through an unsolicited e-mail from one of our faculty members offering to personally fund a poetry contest in our medical center. We soon put together a committee and opened the contest to all physicians, nurses, students, and staff. The Pritzker Poetry Contest was born in 2011, and the entries that followed touched our hearts and souls deeply. From my view in the dean’s office, why should I support these initiatives? Obviously, I cannot support all of the good ideas that cross my desk. But these endeavors were different. These initiatives grew out of the direct experience of caring for patients through the hearts of two third-year students and, later, of one faculty member. Both of these initiatives connected to the overall goal of the medical school to help students develop into professionals. This development is not straightforward and does not take place only through learning pathophysiology and differential diagnosis. The attitudes and behaviors that characterize the true professional are those born when hearts andminds are aligned and rooted in authenticity and humanity. The many activities and experiences that an individual student has during medical school contribute to his or her development as a professional. Those experiences that link to the inner life are especially powerful in developing the heart of a professional. For some physicians, their experiences with art or music or literature create the space and reflection to connect with their inner life. Poetry—both the reading and the writing— is a powerful vehicle for exploring feelings and observations. This exploration leads directly to the inner life where a true professional is born. What began as serendipity is directly aligned with the core purpose of our school and with the ultimate goal of educating compassionate physicians who will contribute to the betterment of humanity.
The "late-formers"--changing concepts of the opsimorphs (Myxomycetes, Acrasieae, Myxobacteria).

Between Panckow's description of Lycogala and De Bary's exposition of the Myxomycete life cycle, two centuries elapsed in which these forms were considered Gasteromycetes. From De Bary onward they have been recognized as a separate group with probably protozoan affinities. The Acrasieae were first recognized by Brefeld, but an error in interpreting the life cycle has kept them artificially allied with the Myxomycetes as “Slime Moulds”. It appears that the Acrasieae consist of two distinct groups, the Guttulinaceae and Dictyosteliaceae. The Acrasieae differ from the Myxomycetes in the absence of a flagellate swarmer stage, no known sexuality, and in the cellular structure of the fructification, which in the Myxomycetes is secreted. A third group, the minute Protostelida, recently described by Olive appears to be related to the Myxomycetes. The Myxobacteria in their flexuousness to some degree resemble the Cyanophyceae. But the nucleoids resemble more closely those of the Eubacteria. In nucleotide composition the true fruiting Myxobacteria form a very coherent group.
Muscarinic Receptors in the Cochlear Nucleus and Auditory Nerve of the Guinea Pig

The specific-binding properties of l-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, a muscarinic acetylcholine-receptor antagonist, were investigated in synaptic and other membrane preparations of the guinea pig cochlear nucleus and auditory nerve. Binding parameters for all experiments were consistent with a single binding site with a Hill coefficient of 1.0. The binding of the ligand was specific and of high affinity, with values of KD in the range of 30-80 pM. Bmax was 0.352 +/- 0.023 pmol/mg protein for the dorsal cochlear nucleus and 0.215 +/- 0.011 pmol/mg protein for the ventral cochlear nucleus. The dorsal cochlear nucleus/ventral cochlear nucleus ratio for density of muscarinic receptors (1.6/1.0) was maintained across two different buffer systems, which varied with respect to the inclusion of proteolysis inhibitors. The results for auditory nerve indicated a level of binding much below that of the cochlear nucleus, with Bmax = 0.052 +/- 0.011 pmol/mg protein. The results of specific-binding experiments for l-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate support a role for acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nucleus. The greater density of muscarinic receptors in the dorsal cochlear nucleus may indicate greater cholinergic activity in the dorsal relative to the ventral cochlear nucleus.
Bio-inspired micro/mini propulsion at air-water interface: A review

This paper reviews and discusses the propulsion of water-floating natural creatures and man-made devices at the air-water interface. Natural creatures with a large ratio of body weight to surface tension force normally propel themselves by repeatedly slapping and stroking their feet while natural creatures with a small ratio of body weight to surface tension force are floated dominantly by surface tension and are propelled by various propulsion mechanisms. Some animals developed unique walking and propelling methods such as leaping, sailing, meniscus climbing, and utilizing of Marangoni effect. Inspired by the natural creatures, a large number of water walking robots and propulsion methods have been developed. Many of them are based on the walking and propelling of water striders, although they require complicated fabrication and structures. Some of the recently developed devices are propelled by the gradient of surface tension (via addition of heat or surfactant) or by streaming flows (induced from oscillations of bubbles or interfaces). These methods need relatively simple mechanical structures and fabrication but are effective only in limited conditions. The bio-inspired water floating and propelling systems can be applied to environment monitoring systems, surveillance security systems, educational robots, and toys. In particular, this paper suggests applying those systems to “smart dust” sensory robots and pollutant collecting devices.
c-Src modulates ErbB2 and ErbB3 heterocomplex formation and function

Overexpression and/or gene amplification of c-Src and members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Although members of the EGFR family are known to form heterocomplexes with one another, c-Src has also been shown to physically interact with members of this family in breast cancer cell lines and tumors. This paper investigates the role of c-Src in modulating the physical and functional interaction between ErbB2 and ErbB3, two family members that preferentially associate with one another and together exhibit high oncogenic potential. We show that overexpressed wild-type c-Src enhances heterocomplex formation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 that results in increased basal and/or heregulin-induced activation of receptors, and their downstream intracellular effectors. Expression of a kinase-inactive form of c-Src (K(-) c-Src) or pharmacological inhibition of c-Src by PP2 negatively affects these events. Furthermore, cellular motility and anchorage-independent growth promoted by the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterocomplex are dependent upon c-Src, as demonstrated by the effects of K(-) c-Src overexpression or treatment with PP2. In contrast to previous studies that defined a role for c-Src downstream of ErbB2/ErbB3, the current work suggests an upstream mechanism, whereby c-Src enhances ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling and biological functions by positively modulating the association between ErbB2 and ErbB3.
The Hero Legend in Colonial Southeast Asia

Four legends that originated in the different religious and colonial contexts of the Tagalog and Makassar peoples are shown to conform to Edward Tylor’s classical “hero pattern.” Using structural anthropology and cognitive linguistics, this article argues that hero legends generated metaphors from concrete relationships in the domestic domain to conceptualize abstract relationships in a series of other domains. The hero pattern underwent transformations in tandem with changes in the political and economic institutions in which it was embedded. From its beginnings as a charter for rival city-states in the ancient Middle East, it became a charter for the universalistic world religions that arose within the empires that succeeded the city-states. In the Southeast Asian legends discussed here, it served as a charter for both collaboration with and resistance to colonial rule. Keywords: structuralism • shamanism • Christianity • Islam • colonialism
Effects of Salt, Sugar and Screw Speed on Processing and Product Variables of Corn Meal Extruded with a Twin-Screw Extruder

The effects of screw speed and additives (sugar and salt) on processing and product variables of corn meal extruded with a twin-screw extruder were studied. Higher salt (0–3%) and sugar concentrations (0–4%) in the feed decreased the die pressure, % torque and specific energy. But at 6 and 8%, sugar increased the three processing parameters. Higher screw speed (250 vs 200 rpm) decreased die pressure and % torque, but increased specific energy. The addition of salt and sugar enhanced extrudate radial and axial expansions, but reduced product bulk density and breaking strength. An increase in screw speed decreased radial expansion and bulk density, but increased axial expansion and breaking strength.
Development of a simultaneously frequency- and time-resolved Raman-induced Kerr effect probe.

We detail the development of an optical probe technique based on time-resolved Raman-induced Kerr effect polarization spectroscopy (tr-RIKES). This technique, termed fs/ps RIKES, combines an ultraf...
Algorithms for finding K-best perfect matchings

Abstract In the K-best perfect matching problem (KM) one wants to find K pairwise different, perfect matchings M1,…,Mk such that w(M1) ≥ w(M2) ≥ ⋯ ≥ w(Mk) ≥ w(M), ∀M ≠ M1, M2,…, Mk. The procedure discussed in this paper is based on a binary partitioning of the matching solution space. We survey different algorithms to perform this partitioning. The best complexity bound of the resulting algorithms discussed is O(Kn3), where n is the number of nodes in the graph.
Investigating Reliability Attributes of Silicon Photovoltaic Cells: An Overview

Reliability attributes are being developed on a wide variety of advanced single-crystal silicon solar cells. Two separate investigations: cell-contact integrity (metal-to-silicon adherence), and cracked cells identified with fracture-strength-reducing flaws are discussed. In the cell-contact-integrity investigation, analysis of contact pull-strength data shows that cell types made with different metalization technologies, i.e., vacuum, plated, screen-printed and soldered, have appreciably different reliability attributes. In the second investigation, fracture strength was measured using Czochralskli wafers and cells taken at various stages of processing and differences were noted. Fracture strength, which is believed to be governed by flaws introduced during wafer sawing, was observed to improve (increase) after chemical polishing and other process steps that tend to remove surface and edge flaws.
Nonselective inhibition of proliferation of transformed and nontransformed cells by the anticancer agent curcumin (diferuloylmethane).

Abstract We have investigated the antiproliferative effect of curcumin, an antitumor agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against a variety of transformed and nontransformed cell types. At equimolar concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 50 μM, curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis, as revealed by 3 H-incorporation, in five leukemia lines, three nontransformed hematopoietic progenitor cell populations, and four nontransformed fibroblastic cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Curcumin also inhibited the cellular growth of both transformed and nontransformed cells in clonogenic assays. Without discriminating between transformed or nontransformed cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation by curcumin was not always associated with programmed cell death. These findings have implications for developing curcumin-based anticancer and anti-inflammation therapies.
The R403Q Mutation Alters Isometric and Energetic Properties in 2 Month Mice

Introduction: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a primary disease of the sarcomere. The R403Q mutation resides at the actin-interaction site on myosin and leads to progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that can result in sudden cardiac death or congestive heart failure. Previous studies examining the functional impact of the R403Q mutation give inconsistent results such as either reduced or enhanced actin-activated ATPase. We hypothesized that the R403Q mutation intrinsically increases the energetic cost of contraction.Methods: To do this, we assessed Ca2+-sensitivity of tension and cross-bridge kinetics in de-membranated cardiac trabeculae from wild-type (WT) and R403Q hearts at 2 months of age. Assuming a two-state model of cross-bridge binding and un-binding, we measured cross-bridge kinetics using 2 methods: (1) the rate of ATP hydrolysis (off-rate) by NADH oxidation that is enzymatically and stoichiometrically coupled to ATP consumption, and (2) the rate of force redevelopment (ktr; on-rate plus off-rate) by a rapid release-restretch protocol.Results: Male R403Q mice display a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity (2.461μM ± 0.072) compared to WT males and females (2.189 μM ± 0.059 and 2.166 μM ±0.044, respectively) at SL 2.0μm. R403Q males display increased tension cost at SL 2.0μm when compared to WT counterparts (9.56 ± 0.68 and 6.82 ±1.07 pmol s-1 mm-1 mN-1, respectively). At maximal activation, the rate of force redevelopment (ktr) is not significantly different between R403Q and WT males (40.26±6.86 and 30.26±3.95 s-1).Conclusions: Although maximal ktr is not significantly different between WT and R403Q males, an increase in ATP hydrolysis (off rate) suggests an alteration in cross-bridge kinetics. Importantly, future studies will explore the relationship between submaximal activation and ktr. Along with no overt pathology at 2 months, the R403Q mutation alters the energetic cost of contraction and isometric properties.
Microarray analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In this protocol, gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is changed after exposure to oxidative stress induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidizing agent. In the experiment, yeast is grown for 48 hours in 1/2X YPD broth containing 3X glucose. The culture is split into a control and treated group. The experiment culture is treated with 0.5 mM H2O2 in Hanks Buffered Saline (HBSS) for 1 hour. The control culture is treated with HBSS only. Total RNA is extracted from both cultures and is converted to a biotin-labeled cRNA product through a multistep process. The final synthesis product is taken back to the UVM Microarray Core Facility and hybridized to the Affymetrix yeast GeneChips. The resulting gene expression data are uploaded into bioinformatics data analysis software.
Current State of Environmental Education in Mexico: A Study on Practices, Audiences, Settings, and Topics

Environmental education in Mexico takes many forms and plays a wide variety of roles. Through an online survey, we addressed the need to present a wider picture on the current state of environmental education practices in Mexico: Who is engaging in environmental education practices, how important is it for their organization, who are they targeting, which methods and settings are they choosing and what environmental issues are they addressing? Representatives from 118 conservation and environmental education agencies and organizations responded to the survey. Results show that conservation Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are taking the lead in the field of environmental education in Mexico. Conservation education represents a big piece of the overall environmental education field in Mexico. Education appears to be an important tool used widely by environmental and conservation organizations. At the same time, there seems to be a serious lack of funding.
Rubidium-Induced Increase in Shock-Elicited Aggression in Rats*

Daily treatment of rats with 0.3 or 0.6 meq/kg rubidium chloride (RbCl) causes an increase in shock-elicited aggressive behavior relative to potassium chloride-treated controls. Aggressive responses increase immediately with the higher dose of RbCl and are maintained for 12 days. The lower RbCl dosage increases fighting behavior significantly after 11 consecutive injection days. Measurements of flinch, jump, and vocalization threshold reveal no consistent pattern with treatment; thus, it is unlikely that threshold changes underlie the observed increases in aggression.
Differences in problem solving by nonscience majors in introductory chemistry on paired algorithmic‐conceptual problems

The purpose of this investigation was to identify and describe the differences in the meth- ods used by faculty teaching introductory chemistry and students enrolled in an introductory chemistry course at the university level to solve paired algorithmic and conceptual problems. Of the 180 students in- volved, the problem-solving schemas of 20 selected students and 2 professors were evaluated using a graphical method to dissect their think-aloud interviews into episodes indicative of solutions to paired problems on density, stoichiometry, bonding, and gas laws. The interviewed students were classified into four different problem-solving categories (i.e., high algorithmic/high conceptual, high algorithmic/low conceptual, low algorithmic/high conceptual, and low algorithmic/low conceptual), and composite graphs of their problem-solving schemas were compared to those representative of members of the faculty ex- perts' category. Results of these comparisons indicated that as the students' ability to solve both algorith- mic and conceptual problems improved, less time and fewer transitions between episodes of the problem- solving schemas were required to complete the problems. Regardless of the students' problem-solving ability, algorithmic-mode problems always required more time and a greater number of transitions for com- pletion than did the paired conceptual-mode problems. However, regardless of topic, all students more fre- quently correctly solved the algorithmic-mode problems than the corresponding paired conceptual-mode problems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 905-923, 1997. Many difficulties for beginning chemistry students involve problem solving. In most introduc- tory courses, a large amount of information has to be processed and understood by a student to succeed academically. This information can be presented to students in two distinct modes: al- gorithmic and conceptual. Fundamental to students' success in introductory chemistry is a com- prehensive understanding of content reflective of both types of instruction. The question ad- dressed in this study is whether problem-solving schemas used by students differ as their ability
A PLA-based privacy-enhancing user modeling framework and its evaluation

Reconciling personalization with privacy has been a continuing interest in user modeling research. This aim has computational, legal and behavioral/attitudinal ramifications. We present a dynamic privacy-enhancing user modeling framework that supports compliance with users' individual privacy preferences and with the privacy laws and regulations that apply to each user. The framework is based on a software product line architecture. It dynamically selects personalization methods during runtime that meet the current privacy constraints. Since dynamic architectural reconfiguration is typically resource-intensive, we conducted a performance evaluation with four implementations of our system that vary two factors. The results demonstrate that at least one implementation of our approach is technically feasible with comparatively modest additional resources, even for websites with the highest traffic today. To gauge user reactions to privacy controls that our framework enables, we also conducted a controlled experiment that allowed one group of users to specify privacy preferences and view the resulting effects on employed personalization methods. We found that users in this treatment group utilized this feature, deemed it useful, and had fewer privacy concerns as measured by higher disclosure of their personal data.
Brief report: The impact of alcohol and cannabis misuse on cognition among individuals with schizophrenia

Substance misuse and cognitive deficits both impede the treatment and recovery of persons with schizophrenia (Green et al., 2004a; Buckley et al., 2009). Studies show that cognitive performance is one to two standard deviations below average in schizophrenia (Dickinson et al., 2003; Gold, 2004) and that such deficits span neurocognitive and social-cognitive domains (Nuechterlein et al., 2004), lead to poor long-term outcomes (Green et al., 2004a), and may become worsened when those with the disorder misuse substances (Potvin et al., 2012). However, while alcohol and cannabis misuse has been associated with poorer cognitive outcomes among healthy adults (D’Souza et al., 2004; Courtney & Polich, 2009), these relations are much more complex in schizophrenia.
Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory Approach for Modeling Flow and Transport Phenomena in Porous Medium Systems: 7. Single-Phase Megascale Flow Models

This work is the seventh in a series that introduces and employs the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) for modeling flow and transport in multiscale porous medium systems. This paper expands the previous analyses in the series by developing models at a scale where spatial variations within the system are not considered. Thus the time variation of variables averaged over the entire system is modeled in relation to fluxes at the boundary of the system. This implementation of TCAT makes use of conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy as well as an entropy balance. Additionally, classical irreversible thermodynamics is assumed to hold at the microscale and is averaged to the megascale, or system scale. The fact that the local equilibrium assumption does not apply at the megascale points to the importance of obtaining closure relations that account for the large-scale manifestation of small-scale variations. Example applications built on this foundation are suggested to stimulate future work.
Receptor for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in GH3 pituitary cells

Cytosol prepared in 0.3 M KCl from pituitary GH3 cells, but not from AtT-20 cells contains a receptor-like macromolecule that binds 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) with specificity and high affinity (Kd = 2.9 x 10(-10) M). The GH3 cytosolic binding component sediments at 3.3 S in high-salt sucrose gradients and adsorbs to DNA-cellulose; its elution profile from DNA-cellulose and other biochemical properties are indistinguishable from those of classical 1,25(OH)2D3 hormone receptors. The presence of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in pituitary cells which secrete primarily growth hormone and prolactin (GH3), but not in a line which secretes the 31,000-dalton ACTH precursor and its derived peptides (AtT-20), suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 may play a regulatory role in specific pituitary cells.
Pharmacotherapy Prevention and Management of Nutritional Deficiencies Post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure. It is associated with nutritional deficiencies due to gastric reduction, intestinal bypass, reduced caloric intake, avoidance of nutrient-rich foods, noncompliance with supplementation and poor food tolerability. Although there are multiple publications on this topic, there is a lack of consistent guidance for the healthcare practitioner caring for the bariatric patient. This article will encompass literature reviewing the pharmacotherapy approach to prevention and management of nutritional deficiencies since the American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery guidelines were published in 2008.
AIRBORNE ACOUSTICS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

A recently developed theoretical model of the airborne acoustic field from an explosive volcanic eruption of the Strombolian type is described in this article. The magma column is assumed to be a circular cylinder, which is open to the atmosphere at the top, and which opens into a large magma chamber below. The magma itself is treated as a fluid, and the surrounding bedrock is taken to be rigid. An explosive source near the base of the magma column excites the natural resonances of the conduit. These resonances result in displacement of the magma surface, which acts as a piston radiating sound into the atmosphere. The source is modeled in much the same way as an underwater explosion from a high-explosive chemical such as TNT, although in the case of the volcano the detonation mechanism is the ex-solution of magmatic gases under extremely high hydrostatic pressure. The new theory shows compelling agreement with airborne acoustic signatures that were recorded in July 1994 at a distance of 150 m from the western vent of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The theoretical and observed power spectra both display the following features: (1) four energetic peaks below 20 Hz, identified as the first four longitudinal resonances of the magma column; (2) a broad minimum around 30 Hz, interpreted as a source-depth effect, occurring because the source lay close to nulls in the fifth and sixth longitudinal resonances and thus failed to excite these modes; and (3) radial resonance peaks between 35 and 65 Hz. On the basis of the theory, an inversion of the acoustic data from Stromboli yields estimates of the depth (≈100 m) and radius (≈16 m) of the magma column as well as the depth (≈83 m), spectral shape and peak shock wave pressure (≈1 GPa) of the explosive source. Most of the parameters estimated from the acoustic inversion compare favorably with the known geometry and source characteristics of Stromboli.
Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge: A Partnership from the Beginning

T he rst time I visited the recently established Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (GRNWR), it became apparent to me that this was no ordi- nary conservation project. Upon glancing across the acres of restored tallgrass prairie and wetland basins, one begins to realize that a single organization could not have tackled this project alone. It is astounding to think over 30 partnering organizations were involved in the Glacial Ridge Project. Getting just two organizations pulling in one direc- tion can be dif cult at times and working with partners isn’t always easy, or successful, but the Glacial Ridge Project can provide all of us with insight on how to make partnerships work. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i4_hayek
Gap junction reductions precede tissue hyperplasia following temperature-upshift in theDrosophila ts-mutantl(3)c43hs1

The wing discs of the temperature-sensitiveDrosophila mutantl(3)c43hs1 become hyperplastic when larvae are reared at the restrictive temperature of 25° C or above (Martin et al. 1977). We have previously shown that reductions in gap junctions are correlated with the hyperplasia (Ryerse and Nagel 1984a). We report here that reductions in gap junction surface density, number and percent of the lateral plasma membrane area precede the onset of tissue hyperplasia as defined by the gross appearance of tissue overgrowth in the wing pouch and an increase in cell number. Gap junction reductions begin soon after temperature upshift and become significantly different from non-shifted controls by 16 h. Direct cell counts indicate that there is no difference in the total number of cells in experimental vs control discs until after 16 h when the 28° C discs begin to grow rapidly with a cell doubling time of about 6 h as compared with about 13 h for the 20°C controls. The finding that gap junction reductions precede the onset of tissue hyperplasia is consistent with the idea that gap junctions play a regulatory role in growth control and pattern formation and strengthens our hypothesis (Ryerse and Nagel 1984b) that a minimum number and a specific distribution of gap junctions are required for normal development.
A proposal to clarify the relationship between the thermal index and the corresponding risk to the patient.

The thermal index (TI) displayed on the screens of most modern diagnostic ultrasound machines is linearly proportional to the absorbed power or, equivalently, to the in-situ intensity or temperature rise. Users are instructed to interpret the TI as a "relative indication of bioeffect risk." The thermal dose is a well-known empirical relationship between the temperature T of a biological system and the time t needed for that temperature to induce a deleterious effect. For any two temperatures, T1 and T2, and the corresponding times t1 and t2, required to produce the same level of effect, this general relation holds: t1/t2=RT2-T1, where R is the thermal normalization constant. Hence, it is experimentally determined that the rate of induction, or risk, of a thermal effect increases exponentially with temperature. Because exponential relationships are not intuitive to many users, there is a significant potential for underestimation of the thermal risk associated with exposure to diagnostic ultrasound. To better quantify this risk and thereby make the displayed information more useful, the current linear display of the calculated value of the thermal index, i.e., of TIcur, should be altered to an exponential form based on the thermal dose and representing the excess risk associated with the exposure: TInew=(RTIcur-1)/(R-1). This expression has the advantage that for the usual choice of R=4 for T 3.5, the displayed TInew>>TIcur, consistent with empirical observations of the likelihood of harm. Additional advantages also obtain.
Alpha-adrenergic activity of isoproterenol in mosquito antennae

Hair erection in isolated antennae ofAnopheles stephensi males is induced by alpha-adrenergic agonists and blocked by alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs. Hair erection is also induced by a single beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol. The activity of isoproterenol in this system is inhibited by alpha-blockers but not by beta-blockers. These results suggest that the adrenergic receptor for hair erection in mosquito antennae differs from a typical vertebrate alpha-adrenergic receptor.
Audio-Based Multimedia Event Detection with DNNs and Sparse Sampling

This paper presents advances in analyzing audio content information to detect events in videos, such as a parade or a birthday party. We developed a set of tools for audio processing within the predominantly vision-focused deep neural network (DNN) framework Caffe. Using these tools, we show, for the first time, the potential of using only a DNN for audio-based multimedia event detection. Training DNNs for event detection using the entire audio track from each video causes a computational bottleneck. Here, we address this problem by developing a sparse audio frame-sampling method that improves event-detection speed and accuracy. We achieved a 10 percentage-point improvement in event classification accuracy, with a 200x reduction in the number of training input examples as compared to using the entire track. This reduction in input feature volume led to a 16x reduction in the size of the DNN architecture and a 300x reduction in training time. We applied our method using the recently released YLI-MED dataset and compared our results with a state-of-the-art system and with results reported in the literature for TRECVIDMED. Our results show much higher MAP scores compared to a baseline i-vector system - at a significantly reduced computational cost. The speed improvement is relevant for processing videos on a large scale, and could enable more effective deployment in mobile systems.
Signal transduction in the control of phosphate-regulated genes of Escherichia coli

Bacteria such as Escherichia coli regulate the synthesis of a large number of proteins in response to extracellular inorganic phosphate (P i ) levels by activating transcription of co-regulated genes. More than 80 proteins are synthesized in increased amounts in response to P i limitation in the gram-negative bacterium E. coli [1-3]. Many of these proteins are the products of a set of co-regulated genes known as the phosphate (Pho) regulon. Altogether 38 Pho regulon genes have now been characterized (by cloning, sequencing, mutational analysis, and/or examination of their gene products) in E. coli, or the closely related bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella typhimurium [4]. These genes are arranged in eight (or more) transcriptional units, and their gene products probably all have a role in the assimilation of alternative phosphorus (P) sources from the environment. Their transcription requires an upstream activation site (called a Pho Box) and a DNA-binding protein (called PhoB) that acts as a transcriptional activator only when it is phosphorylated (Fig. 1). The level of expression of Pho regulon genes is regulated by the amount of phospho-PhoB.
An Adult Dog with Cyclic Neutropenia Treated by Lentivirus- Mediated Delivery of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Cyclic neutropenia occurs in humans and gray collie dogs, is characterized by recurrent neutropenia, and is treated by daily injections of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). After showing that canine recombinant G-CSF increased neutrophil counts in an affected dog, we administered intramuscularly 2 × 109 infectious units (IU) of a lentiviral vector encoding canine G-CSF cDNA. Elevated, therapeutic neutrophil production was obtained for nearly 18 months. Lentiviral vector treatment provided a mean neutrophil count of 29,230 ± 12,930 cells/µl, which was significantly increased over both the pretreatment value (5,240 ± 4,800 cells/µl; p < 0.0001) and the neutrophil count during G-CSF administration (17,820 ± 11,100 cells/µl; p < 0.0001). By systemic infusion of recombinant G-CSF to normal dogs we estimated that 2 × 109 IU of lentivirus delivered 3.5 µg of G-CSF per kilogram per day. After lentiviral vector treatment the gray collie gained weight, showed no clinical signs of infection ...
Modelling multivariable systems with industrial specifications

A method is presented in the frequency domain for constructing standard models of multivariable systems by using industrial or commonly used control system specifications. By means of a matrix continued fraction, an algebraic method is established for determination of the minimal realizations of the standard model in the time domain.
Power- and Energy-Aware Computing

This column discusses issues with power- and energy-aware computing and introduces a column summarizing the winner of the Most Influential Paper Award from ISCA 2012.
Near-Zero Plasma Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase and Conduct Disorder in Emotionally Disturbed Boys

Plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) was measured on 420 boys and 128 girls admitted to a children's psychiatric hospital. Children with plasma DβH activities ≥ 6 μM/min/L, the near-zero DβH group, were compared to children with DβH activities > 6 μM/min/L, the comparison group. Fifty-four percent of the boys with near-zero DβH were diagnosed conduct disorder, undersocialized and 24% were diagnosed borderline personality compared to 21% and 10% for the comparison group. Symptomatically the near-zero group had more conduct symptoms, concentration symptoms, impaired relationships, and fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms than the comparison group. Significantly more boys in the near-zero group were discharged on medication and on methylphenidate. Girls did not show these differences. The results show a relationship between near-zero plasma DβH and conduct disorder symptomatology in emotionally disturbed boys.
Case Study: Risperidone in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia in children is an uncommon disorder with devastating effects. Study of the efficacy of treatment with neuroleptics in children with schizophrenia is only now beginning, and there are limited studies on the effectiveness of novel neuroleptics on the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in children. Four patients with schizophrenia, aged 12 to 17 years, were treated with risperidone (4 to 5 mg/day), a 5-HT2/D2 receptor blocking agent, to determine its effectiveness. Three patients had substantial improvement in their negative symptoms without side effects.
A simple technique to motivate structured programming

Programs with only sequence, selection, and iteration control structures (structured programs) are more understandable and changeable than programs with unrestricted control structures (flowchart programs). However, flowcharts are intuitive, simple, and easy to follow step by step. The transition from teaching general flowcharts to structured ones is usually made by postulating the standard structured flowchart patterns without much justification. The present method establishes the correspondence between flowcharts and structured programs via sets of computations. The student examines a set of computations of a flowchart program and describes the general structure with a regular expression. A structured program that corresponds to this regular expression is constructed. In this way, the student is led to (1) see the difference between program and computation, (2) see how “structure” arises, (3) see that a structured program is one whose textual structure is identical to the structural description of its computations, (4) appreciate the cognitive simplicity of structure descriptions versus flowcharts.
Catch and Harvest by Fishing Guides Compared with Other Anglers in Five Central Minnesota Lakes

Abstract Popular opinion assumes that guides and guided anglers are more successful in catching and harvesting fish than other anglers are. Using creel survey data obtained during 1999–2000, we compared the fishing success of guides and their clients with that of other anglers targeting walleyes Sander vitreus on five lakes managed for walleyes near Brainerd, Minnesota. Effort from guided trips ranged from 1.0% to 4.6% of the total angler-hours in each lake, resulting in 5.2–22.6% of the total walleye harvest. Guided-trip catch rates were 2.6– 4.7 times greater than catch rates of unguided trips made by walleye anglers, and harvest rates for guided trips were 2.5–5.8 times greater than those of unguided trips. The consequences of guided harvest on these fisheries are unknown at this time, but this study provides insight into the success of guided trips and the potential effects exerted by a relatively small segment of the angling population.
Heme oxygenase-mediated vasodilation involves vascular smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization.

Chronic hypoxia is associated with both blunted agonist-induced and myogenic vascular reactivity and is possibly due to an enhanced production of heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO). H...
Who becomes a chair

This chapter describes characteristics of department chairs and identifies various tasks and challenges that they face during their time in office.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance as a Probe of Conformational Flexibility in Cyclic Alkanes

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of a homologous series of nitroxyl radicals derived from cyclic alkanones with 6 to 15 carbons in the ring have been obtained as a function of temperature. Long-range hyperfine coupling (0.7 to 2.2 G) was observed in the low-temperature spectra for rings with 6, 7, and 9 to 15 carbons. Deuteration of the 11- to 14-membered rings indicated that the long-range coupling was to one of the protons on the carbons adjacent to the point of attachment of the nitroxyl radical. For the 9- to 15-membered rings, there was a temperature region in which the hyperfine coupling decreased rapidly. This decrease is attributed to rapid conformational averaging on the EPR time scale. For the 12-, 13-, and 15- membered rings, the high temperature spectra exhibited resolved hyperfine coupling which can be computer-simulated, assuming four equivalent protons. The activation energies estimated from the coalescence temperatures in the EPR spectra fall in the range estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance and show similar influences of ring size on rigidity.
Methodological Controls for Social Psychological Problems in Experimentation

(1973). Methodological Controls for Social Psychological Problems in Experimentation. Quest: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 32-38.
Unidirectional analgesic cross-tolerance between morphine and levorphanol in the rat

Abstract Clinically, patients often demonstrate incomplete cross-tolerance between opiate analgesics. Although dispositional and pharmacokinetic factors may be a factor, our results suggest that differences in selectivity of various opioids for those opioid receptor subtypes involved in analgesia, mu1, kappa and delta, also play an important role. In binding studies, levorphanol potently labelled all 3 classes whereas morphine was relatively selective for mu sites. Levorphanol infusions yielded tolerance to both morphine and levorphanol while morphine infusions selectively produced tolerance to morphine. This unidirectional tolerance might be due to the selectivity of morphine for mu receptors compared to levorphanol's ability to interact more potently with other relevant receptor subtypes. These observations raise the possibility that the order in which different opioid analgesics are administered may be of clinical significance.
Insulin-like growth factor I modulates induction of apoptotic signaling in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an important survival growth factor that has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, but the effects of IGF-I on apoptotic signaling remain largely unknown. To investigate IGF-I actions on apoptosis of H9C2 cardiac muscle cells, we have defined the effects of IGF-I on Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, DNA fragmentation, and cell survival. The abundance of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined with immunoblotting, and the activities of caspase 3 were assayed with the labeled substrate DEVD-p-nitroanilide. The occurrence of apoptosis was determined by electrophoresis of labeled DNA fragments and by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling assay. We found that apoptosis of H9C2 cells, induced by serum withdrawal and doxorubicin, was associated with the induction of Bax and the activation of caspase 3. IGF-I partially inhibited Bax induction, caspase 3 activation, DNA fragmentation, and enhanced cell survival. Interestingly, there is a compensatory rise in the abundance of Bcl-2 upon serum withdrawal and doxorubicin treatment, and IGF-I stimulation resulted in decreased induction of Bcl-2. These results suggest that serum withdrawal- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells probably in part resulted from induction of Bax and caspase 3, and IGF-I inhibited apoptosis by attenuating Bax induction and caspase 3 activation.
Higgs Sector Radiative Corrections and s-Channel Production

Higgs boson mass sum rules of supersymmetric models offer attractive targets for precision tests at future muon colliders. These sum rules involve the gauge boson masses as well as the masses of the Higgs boson states which can be precisely measured in the s-channel production process at a muon collider. These measurements can sensitively probe radiative corrections to the Higgs boson masses as well as test for CP violation and nonminimality of the Higgs sector.