cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Li+ and divalent ion conductivity in beta and beta″ alumina

Abstract New measurements show that the single-crystal conductivity of lithium beta alumina is ≈3×10 −3 ( ω cm) −1 at 25°C. The conductivity of LiNa beta alumina goes through a minimum as the composition is varied between the two pure extremes. The entire sodium content of single crystals of sodium beta″ alumina can be replaced by Ba, Sr, and Cd by simple ion-exchange reactions. Data on the conductivities of the resulting divalent beta″ aluminas are reported.
Cytotoxic T Cell–Resistant Variants Are Selected in a Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease

C57BI/6 mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM (MHV-JHM) develop a chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Infectious virus can be isolated only from symptomatic mice. In C57BI/6 mice, two CD8+ T cell epitopes within the MHV-JHM surface glycoprotein were previously identified. Here, we show that mutations in the RNA encoding the immunodominant of the epitopes are present in nearly all virus samples isolated from these mice. Mutations are not present in sequences flanking this epitope or in other CD8+ or CD4+ T cell epitopes. Furthermore, analysis of five peptides corresponding to variant epitopes in direct ex vivo cytotoxicity assays showed that each mutation caused a loss of epitope recognition. These results suggest that escape from CD8+ T cell recognition is necessary for enhanced virus replication and development of clinical disease in these MHV-JHM-infected mice.
Genetic Ablation of αv Integrins in Epithelial Cells of the Eyelid Skin and Conjunctiva Leads to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and signaling events are essential for the proper development and homeostasis of most epithelial tissues. Dysregulation of integrin expression and function can cause abnormal epithelial cell proliferation and/or differentiation, contributing to the pathogenesis of malignant epithelial cancers. Here we report on the use of a conditional knockout strategy exploiting the Cre/Lox technology to study the in vivo functions of αv integrins during epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. We show that genetic ablation of αv integrin expression in basal epithelial cells of the eyelid skin and conjunctiva causes the formation of tumors that are strikingly similar to the malignant epithelial cancer, squamous cell carcinoma. These data suggest a mechanism whereby αv integrins normally suppress epithelial cell proliferation, likely via adhesion to ECM ligands, as well as by the modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. We propose that αv gene deletion eliminates normal integrin-mediated growth suppression, ultimately leading to cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Hence, these studies reveal a novel tumor suppressor-like function of αv integrins and provide a genetically tractable mouse model for studying the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma and related cancers of epithelial origin, as well as to test and develop novel therapeutic compounds to treat or prevent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Visual languages and visual thinking: sketch based interaction and modeling

Research on sketching with computers dates to the earliest days of modern computing. Recent work in this area, combined with other advances in hardware and software technologies promises, finally, significant impact. The kinds, qualities, and purposes of sketch-based interaction, or visual languages, vary as widely as do other forms of language. In addition to practical applications in every domain, advances in sketch-based interaction and modeling can help us understand and support visual thinking.
Experimental and theoretical challenges in the chemistry of noncovalent intermolecular interaction and clustering

Abstract The weak, noncovalent interactions among molecules at long range and as close as van der Waals contact form a crucial contemporary frontier for chemical physics, one with many challenges for experimental as well as theoretical investigation. Certain of these challenges have been met in the last two decades, but as recognition of the complexity of phenomena governed or affected by weak interaction has grown, new challenges have arisen. We discuss a number of these challenges in the context of recent developments and progress, highlighting both disparate objectives of theory and experiment in this area as well as their crucial interplay.
Does gadolinium-based angiography protect against contrast-induced nephropathy?: a systematic review of the literature.

We evaluated the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients exposed to gadolinium for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Background: CIN with iodinated contrast agents is a leading cause of acute renal failure. Gadolinium is often used as an alternative to iodinated contrast in patients at increased risk of CIN. The safety of gadolinium in patients at increased risk of CIN has not been established. Methods and Results: The authors performed a systematic review by searching MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Current Contents, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant studies evaluating gadolinium and its associated incidence of CIN. They identified 17 studies that reported both favorable and negative results with regard to the association of gadolinium and CIN. The differences in the results appeared to be dose related. When gadolinium was used in doses of 0.4 mmol/ kg or higher, there appeared to be an increased incidence of ARF particularly in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency. Conclusions: Although the evidence base is limited, gadolinium does not appear to be safer than iodinated contrast in patients at risk of CIN. Given the lack of randomized data to support its safety, gadolinium in lieu of iso-osmolar iodinated contrast cannot be advocated in patients at high risk of
Molecular structure effects of aluminum Kβ x-ray spectra produced in proton and alpha particle excitation

Abstract Targets of Al and Al2O3 were bombarded by 0.8 MeV protons and 3.2 MeV alpha particles and the subsequent X-ray yield measured. The Kα X-ray spectra of Al and Al2O3 show fairly good agreement in both the proton and alpha-induced spectra; however, the structure in the Kβ X-ray spectra deviate from one another in both cases. These results are interpreted as effects due to the chemical bonding of the oxygen atoms to aluminum.
Debt, lock‐in assets and corporate restructuring

Why do some firms refuse to sell assets that are worth more to another firm? This paper shows that the presence of debt could cause an ex post overinvestment agency problem. In contrast to Myers' underinvestment problem, which is concerned with debt and growth assets, the model in this paper analyzes the role of debt and alternate users of assets in place. This type of agency problem is of interest because it is inherently related to the important recent corporate finance phenomenon of restructuring.
Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Determine Taxane Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer growth depends on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Androgen ablation therapy induces expression of constitutively active AR splice variants which drive disease progression. Taxanes are a standard of care therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), however, mechanisms underlying the clinical activity of taxanes are poorly understood. Recent work suggests that the microtubule network of prostate cells is critical for AR nuclear translocation and activity. In this study, we employed a set of AR deletion mutants to identify the microtubule-binding domain of AR, which encompasses the DNA binding domain plus hinge region. We report that two clinically relevant AR splice variants, ARv567 and ARv7, differentially associate with microtubules and dynein motor protein, thereby resulting in differential taxane sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. ARv7, which lacks the hinge region, did not co-sediment with microtubules or co-precipitate with dynein motor protein, unlike ARv567. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of ARv7 was unaffected by taxane treatment. In contrast, the microtubule-interacting splice variant ARv567 was sensitive to taxane-induced microtubule stabilization. In ARv567-expressing LuCap86.2 tumor xenografts, docetaxel treatment was highly efficacious, whereas ARv7-expressing LuCap23.1 tumors xenografts displayed docetaxel resistance. Our results suggest that AR variants which accumulate in CRPC cells utilize distinct pathways of nuclear import that affect the antitumor efficacy of taxanes, suggesting a mechanistic rationale to customize treatments for CRPC patients which might improve outcomes.
A Quantitative Analysis of Perceived Leadership Practices in Child Welfare Organizations

This quantitative study contributes to leadership knowledge in the field of child welfare organizations by investigating the perceived leadership in the Division of Child and Family Services. Findings indicated significant difference in leadership practice ratings between caseworkers and administrators and also that perceptions of all five leadership practices were different between caseworkers and organizational leaders. The greatest difference between leaders and followers was in the perception of encouraging the heart. Encouraging the heart also presented the greatest variability among caseworkers, indicating a wide variance in how encouragement is experienced and perceived by caseworkers. These findings contribute to implications for social work education and child welfare practice.
Lunar crater arcs

An analysis has been made of the tendency of large lunar craters to lie along circles. A catalog of the craters at least 50 km in diameter was prepared first, noting position, diameter, rim sharpness and completion, nature of underlying surface, and geological age. The subset of those craters 50-400 km in diameter was then used as input to computer programs which identified each 'family' of four or more craters of selected geological age lying on a circular arc. For comparison, families were also identified for randomized crater models in which the crater spatial density was matched to that on the moon, either overall or separately for mare and highland areas. The observed frequency of lunar arcuate families was statistically highly significantly greater than for the randomized models, for craters classified as either late-pre-Imbrian (Nectarian), middle pre-Imbrian, or early pre-Imbrian, as well as for a number of larger age-classes. The lunar families tend to center in specific areas of the moon; these lie in highlands rather than maria and are different for families of Nectarian craters than for pre-Nectarian. The origin of the arcuate crater groupings is not understood.
Fighting Fat with Fat: The Expanding Field of Adipose Stem Cells

We are in the midst of a dire, unprecedented, and global epidemic of obesity and secondary sequelae, most prominently diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Underlying this epidemic is the most hated of cells, adipocytes, and their inherent dynamic ability to expand and renew. This capacity highlights a heretofore undefined stem compartment. Recent in vivo studies, relying upon lineage tracing and flow cytometry methods, have begun to unravel the identity of adipose stem cells, their niche, and the dynamism central to adipose expansion. Thus, the field is moving in a direction that may allow us to manipulate adipose stem cells to beneficial therapeutic ends.
Residues 48 and 82 at the N-Terminal Hydrophobic Pocket of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Troponin-C Photo-Cross-Link to Met121 of Troponin-I†

It has been proposed [Herzberg et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 2638-2644], and confirmed by structural studies [Gagne et al. (1995) Nat. Struct. Biol. 2, 784-789], that the binding of Ca2+ to the triggering sites in troponin-C (TnC) causes the opening of the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket bound by the B, C, and D helices. This conformational change is believed to provide an additional binding site for troponin-I (TnI) and to lead to further events in the Ca2+ regulation process. To answer the question of which part of TnI interacts with this hydrophobic patch of TnC, we constructed two TnC mutants, each with a single cysteine, one at residue 48 between helices B and C and the other at residue 82 on the D helix. Each mutant was labeled with the photoactivatable cross-linker benzophenone-4-iodoacetamide, followed by reconstitution and UV irradiation. Studies were made in the binary complex composed of TnC and TnI, the ternary complex composed of TnC, TnI, and troponin-T (TnT), and the synthetic thin filament composed of troponin, tropomyosin, and F-actin. TnC-TnI photo-cross-linking was observed for both mutants and for all three types of complexes. Although no Ca2+ dependence in the photo-cross-linking was observed on the binary and ternary complexes, the extent of cross-linking was reduced in the absence vs the presence of Ca2+ in the thin filament. TnI Met121, five residues from the C-terminus of the inhibitory region, was identified as the cross-linking site for both TnC mutants using microsequencing and mass spectrometry following proteolysis. These results, obtained with intact TnC.TnI complexes, indicate that the TnI segment containing Met121 is in close contact with the N-terminal hydrophobic patch of TnC, and that in the thin filament the segment containing this residue moves away slightly from the hydrophobic patch in the absence of Ca2+, possibly triggering the translocation of the actin-binding region(s) of TnI toward actin.
Some aspects of the fluorescence of drying oils

The fluorescence of vegetable oils may arise from both the non-glyceride and the glyceride components of the oil. When linseed and safflower oils are heated, fluorescence decreases at first and then increases as polymerization progresses. The fluorescence of heated vegetable oils is masked by decomposition products and by nitromethane. Relating fluorescence to other characteristics of heated oils shows different functional relations for linseed, safflower, tung, and oiticica oils, and a general similarity of behavior between the two non-conjugated oils and also between the conjugated oils.
Mimicry or synchrony: The effects of intentionality attributions for nonverbal mirroring behavior

In many interactions, people have to make the choice between whether they believe another's nonverbal behavior was encoded with specific intent, as a social representation, or as a primarily symptomatic behavior. It is argued that these attributions may alter the attributor's perceptions and evaluations of the other's behavior. This study looks specifically at how beliefs about intentionality behind a partner's use of nonverbal mirroring behavior affects the tatter's perception of the former's personality, behavior, and message intent. It was found that participants (N = 60) who were allowed to make their own attributions saw their partner's behavior as somewhat intentional, evaluated their partner to be more competent and interpersonally attractive, and rated his/her behavior as more favorable and sincere and as less disjointed and exaggerated than those who were led to believe their partner acted deliberately and, in some cases, those who believed their partner acted unintentionally. Participants who sa...
Adenosine involvement in postictal events in amygdala-kindled rats☆

Abstract The actions of adenosine in modulating amygdala kindling were examined using the stable adenosine analog 5′-N′-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and caffeine, an adenosine antagonist. Systemically administered NECA was found to significantly reduce the rate of postictal spiking and to significantly increase the duration of postictal EEG depression in amygdala kindled rats. In contrast, systemically administered caffeine significantly increased kindled seizure duration and reduced the duration of postictal EEG depression. Systemic administration of the methylxanthine derivative, 8-sulfophenyl theophylline (8-PST), failed to block the effects of NECA on kindling. Since systemically administered 8-PST blocks peripheral adenosine receptors, but has only limited CNS activity, the effects of NECA appear to be centrally mediated. These observations further demonstrate a role for adenosine in postictal phenomena and support the hypothesis that a release of endogenous adenosine contributes to the termination of ongoing seizure activity.
DB2MMT: A Massive Multi-tenant Database Platform for Cloud Computing

DB2MMT is a massive multi-tenant database platform for ISVs and Service Providers to gain business agility and maturity, to reduce time to market, to reduce CAPEX and OPEX and to provide competitive price for end users. This paper introduces isolation model, each model's security, scalability, SLA and these models' performance comparison, then introduces DB2MMT high level architecture and key technical challenges addressed, including resource, tenant and offering management, monitor, scalability and security. Experiments based on RUB is application which compared the economics of DB2MMT versus traditional solution with precise data showed acceptable performance, it also proved that fine grained multi tenant model provided by DB2MMT has significant economy advantage.
Technique of microsurgical carotid thromboendarterectomy

Carotid thromboendarterectomy can be performed safely and successfully in carefully selected patients with acute symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This article focuses on the technical aspects of performing the procedure.
Test of dynamic closed-loop baroreflex and autoregulatory control of total peripheral resistance in intact and conscious sheep.

This is the first study able to examine and delineate the actual actions of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the dynamic couplings between cardiac output (CO), arterial pressure (Pa), r...
Beneath the Stillwater Complex: Petrology and geochemistry of quartz-plagioclase-cordierite (or garnet)-orthopyroxene-biotite ± spinel hornfels, Mountain View area, Montana

A 50 m drill core (core no. 383-334) collected from the contact metamorphic aureole in the Mouat Ni-Cu prospect in the Mountain View area of Stillwater County, Montana, exhibits evidence of in situ fluid-absent biotite dehydration melting and local back reaction of melts derived from metasediments and metavolcanics. The drill core was investigated to characterize the mineral assemblages and their textures, to search for evidence of partial melting, and to determine mineral and whole-rock geochemistry to provide an understanding of the petrogenesis of the hornfels close to the contact with the Stillwater Complex. The rocks investigated are predominantly quartz-plagioclase-cordierite-orthopyroxene-biotite ± spinel hornfels, Fe-Cu-Ni sulfides, and Fe-Ti oxides. One sample contains garnet (Alm 73–77 Pyr 20–17 Sps 3 Grs 4 ) in addition to cordierite. Three samples contain cordierite-hercynite symplectites surrounded by a narrow mantle devoid of orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and biotite that are roughly ovoid to lenticular in shape. Partially melted samples show back reaction between crystallizing melt and restite such that retrograde skeletal intergrowths of biotite and quartz in the mesosome were developed. Average T-P conditions of hornfels and melt genesis are 786 °C and 3.7 kbar. Back reactions that produced biotite occurred at somewhat lower temperatures. Whole-rock geochemistry suggests that the protolith of the hornfelsic rocks was likely a mixture of greywacke and additional intermediate to mafic volcanogenic components.
Measurement of spin-correlation effects in p-3He elastic scattering at 8.8 MeV

Abstract The spin-correlation parameter A xz in p- 3 He elastic scattering has been measured at two angles at 8.8 MeV proton lab energy using a polarized proton beam incident on a polarized 3 He target. It is shown that the results significantly reduce the uncertainty with which p- 3 He phase shifts can be determined.
Brain Matters: Neuroscience And Creativity

Abstract This article introduces a relationship between neuroscience and creativity for the sake of religious education. Citing creativity as a process that involves both originality and value, the writing articulates Howard Gardner's interplay between the talent of the person, the internal demands of a discipline, and the quality judgment of the field. The article explores creativity expressed both within the field of neuroscience, with the beginning of the neurocentric era, and continuing with contemporary use of technology. It then surveys neuroscience's own exploration of the fields of creativity and religious experience, with ensuing limitations. The article establishes a dialogue between religious education and neuroscience, demonstrating how religious education provides neuroscience theory with grounded practice while also supplying ethical frameworks for neuroscience practice. It closes asserting that while currently neuroscience primarily endorses sound educational practice, future neuroscientifi...
Leaders as creators: Leader performance and problem solving in ill-defined domains

Abstract The cognitive competencies of individuals often provide a useful basis for the description, prediction, and understanding of human performance. It has, however, proven difficult to specify the cognitive competencies contributing to the performance of organizational leaders. In the present paper, it was argued that organizational leadership calls for discretionary problem solving in ill-defined domains. Because creativity also requires discretionary problem solving, it was argued that our understanding of creative thought might be used to specify how cognitive capacities contribute to leader performance. The nature of these capacities was then discussed, along with their implications for understanding leader performance. Some practical applications of these observations for the development and facilitation of leader performance were then considered.
Young Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: Management in the Home:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) strikes early in life and places heavy demands on the person with MS and his or her family—physically, emotionally, and financially. Comprehensive planning of home-based ser...
Creativity and Cooperation in the Elementary Music Classroom.

The author examines attitudes towards, and the effects of focus on, creativity and cooperation in the elementary music classroom. First, elementary music teachers were interviewed regarding their values towards creativity and cooperation. Then, a curriculum was field tested that utilized cooperative learning and emphasized activities designed to encourage creative thinking and problem solving. A pretreatment-posttreatment study, with experimental and control group, was conducted to measure actual changes in student levels of creativity and attitudes towards cooperation. A follow-up of creativity measures was conducted four years later. Results indicate that elementary music teachers can adapt cooperative learning models to their teaching and can, short-term, influence students' levels of creativity and attitudes towards cooperation. Implications and opportunities for social-psychological creativity research and classroom educators are discussed. In 1983, Goodlad observed that, in general, there was a “gap between the rhetoric of individual flexibility, originality, and creativity … and the cultivation of these [things] in our schools” (p. 241) and that schools provided students with little opportunity to develop “satisfying relations with others based on respect, trust, cooperation, and caring” (p. 240). Goodlad encouraged teachers in the arts to provide opportunities for creative problem solving and to “boldly demonstrate the potentiality for doing through the arts what cannot be done readily through the other fields” (p. 238). His appeal to arts teachers is reminiscent of Maslow (1968):
On a discrete Korovkin theorem

Abstract In [G. A. Anastassiou, A discrete Korovkin theorem, J. Approx. Theory 45 (1985), pp. 383–388, Theorem 3], a discrete Korovkin theorem was given. We restate the theorem here and its proof, correcting a mistake in the above reference.
Poverty and Psychiatric Status: Longitudinal Evidence From the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

• We assessed the effect of poverty on psychiatric status using two waves of New Haven (Conn) Epidemiologic Catchment Area data. Poverty was defined using federal poverty guidelines; psychiatric status was assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). When examining the course of healthy respondents at the first interview, respondents in poverty had a twofoldincreased risk (controlling for demographic factors) for an episode of at least one DIS/DSM-IIIAxis I psychiatric disorder. Rates of most specific psychiatric disorders were comparably higher for respondents meeting poverty criteria compared with those not in poverty, although these differences were not always statistically significant. The effects of poverty did not differ by sex, age, race, or history of psychiatric episodes.
Mucinous hyperplasia in the kidney and ureter of a horse.

Summary A case of mucinous hyperplasia in the right renal pelvis and ureter is reported in a 23-year-old, male, Quarter horse. The affected right renal pelvis was markedly distended and filled with inspissated yellowish-green mucous material compressing the adjacent cortical and medullary parenchyma. Multiple, similar masses were present protruding from the right urethral mucosa. Histologically, the masses were characterized by a cystic glandular and papillary hyperplasia of the mucosa of the renal pelvis and ureter. This is believed to be the first reported case in an equine species.
Canonical quantisation in non-Abelian background fields

Abstract The canonical quantisation of Yang-Mills theory in a local background gauge is presented. The theory is shown to possess a BRS-supersymmetry, and the associated conserved charge is used to define a subsidiary condition on physical states. The Furry approximation is introduced, and an explicit example of the method in the case of a uniform external field strength is presented. The particle production rate is calculated, and the connection with the proper time formalism established. The results do not agree with those obtained by symmation of the corresponding perturbation series.
Reintegrating National Guard Soldiers After Deployment: Implications and Considerations

U.S. Army National Guard members are serving overseas on deployments at a level well above expectations of reserve service, and successful reintegration of citizen-soldiers postdeployment has become a significant concern. This article examines soldiers’ experiences transitioning postdeployment and offers preliminary observations on one state's Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program. Data from interviews and participant-observation identified postdeployment experiences in three areas: (1) remembering the positive, (2) dealing with American civilian sociocultural norms and values, and (3) coping with mental and emotional health needs. Data suggest that the social context of reintegration is important and that existing programs may not adequately meet soldiers’ needs.
A Green's function method for the solution of diffusion‐reaction problems

Determination des profils de concentration pour des systemes avec ou sans reaction chimique
Degradation of austenitic stainless steel (SS) light water ractor (LWR) core internals due to neutron irradiation

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels (SSs) are extensively being used in the fabrication of light water reactor (LWR) core internal components. It is because these steels have relatively high ductility, fracture toughness and moderate strength. However, the LWR internal components exposure to neutron irradiation over an extended period of plant operation degrades the materials mechanical properties such as the fracture toughness. This paper summarizes some of the results of the existing open literature data on irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of 316 CW steels that have been published by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), industry, academia, and other research agencies.
Creating and Curating a Terminology for Radiology: Ontology Modeling and Analysis

The radiology community has recognized the need to create a standard terminology to improve the clarity of reports, to reduce radiologist variation, to enable access to imaging information, and to improve the quality of practice. This need has recently led to the development of RadLex, a controlled terminology for radiology. The creation of RadLex has proved challenging in several respects: It has been difficult for users to peruse the large RadLex taxonomies and for curators to navigate the complex terminology structure to check it for errors and omissions. In this work, we demonstrate that the RadLex terminology can be translated into an ontology, a representation of terminologies that is both human-browsable and machine-processable. We also show that creating this ontology permits computational analysis of RadLex and enables its use in a variety of computer applications. We believe that adopting an ontology representation of RadLex will permit more widespread use of the terminology and make it easier to collect feedback from the community that will ultimately lead to improving RadLex.
Development of a pre-clinical Fourier domain low coherence interferometry system

Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (fLCI) is an optical technique which combines the depth resolution of low coherence interferometry with the sensitivity of light scattering spectroscopy. The fLCI system uses a white light source in a modified Michelson interferometer with a spectrograph for detection of the mixed signal and reference fields. Depth-resolved structural information is recovered by performing a short-time Fourier transform on the detected spectrum, similar to spectroscopic optical coherence tomography, and analyzing the wavelength dependent variations in scattered light as a function of depth. fLCI has been demonstrated as an excellent technique for probing the nuclear morphology of a monolayer of in vitro cancer cells. We have built a new fLCI optical system which implements an imaging spectrograph for detection and a 4- F interferometer which uses a 4-F imaging system to re-image light scattered from the experimental sample onto the slit of the imaging spectrograph. The new system has allowed us to measure light scattered from the deepest layers of thick scattering samples, such as tissue phantoms and thick animal tissues, for the first time. We now take the first steps to quantitatively determine the diameter of scatterers within a thick experimental sample using the new fLCI system along with the fLCI data processing technique.
Sidewall spacer defined resonant interband tunneling diodes

We report on a contacting and fabrication scheme for a sub-500 nm InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant interband tunneling diode (RITD) without using any fine-line lithography. Epitaxial regrowth on patterned substrates combined with sidewall spacer technology is used to define the device dimensions. During regrowth, the crystal facet termination obtained by choosing the appropriate orientation for the device is utilized to make electrical contact to the device in the desired directions and to isolate the device in all other directions. The concept, fabrication process, current-voltage characteristics of the device, and a comparison with RITDs fabricated in a conventional manner are reported.
Organizational culture and its relationship between job tension in measuring outcomes among business executives

Investigates the nature of role stressors and its impact on job tension in predicting outcome constructs. The research examines the relationship that exists between the three organizational cultures and the role stressors within a business environment. The best fit model is statistically created and tested by applying a structural equation model. The results indicate that a constructive culture will significantly reduce role stressors, thereby: decreasing job tension and increasing job satisfaction, job performance, and job commitment. The corporate culture’s taproot is the organization’s beliefs and philosophy in how it conducts business. Beliefs and practices that become embedded in a company’s culture can originate from a number of sources. The beliefs, vision, objectives, and business approaches and practices supporting a company’s strategy may be compatible with its culture or possibly not. When they are, the culture becomes a valuable ally in strategy implementation and execution. When this is not a...
Natural killer cell receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.

in some cases, suggesting that the Ly-49family memberscould also behave as ac-tivation receptors (54). Detailed analysisofthespecificity ofLy-49familymembersshouldimproveourunderstanding ofNKcell specificity.In humans, activation receptors haveyet to be identified. However, substantialprogresshasbeenmadeonthefunctionofputative inhibitory receptors specific forHLAclass I molecules. Moretta andcol-leagues (55-57) have shown that mAbsGL183 and EB6 react with serologicallydistinct epitopes on molecules, termedp58, on human NKcells. Either epitopemay be expressed on 55-kDa or 58-kDamonomersoronnoncovalentlylinkedhet-erodimers
Evolving next generation signal compression and reconstruction transforms via genetic algorithms

Ongoing research has established a new methodology for using genetic algorithms [2] to evolve forward and inverse transforms that significantly reduce quantization error in reconstructed signals and images. The approach promises to revolutionize the signal and image processing field, producing both higher quality images and higher compression ratios than is currently possible with wavelet-based techniques.
Lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific γδ T-cell receptors accumulate in human infectious disease lesions

THE majority of T cells bear the T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ complex which recognizes foreign antigen peptides only in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules1. Such T cells function in a variety of effector roles and secrete cytokines that mediate the activation and differentiation of other cells in the immune system. Recently, a small subpopulation T cells was found to bear a distinct TCR composed of γ and δ subunits2. In man, TCR γδ+ cells are distributed as ~5 per cent of the CD3+ cells in all organized lymphoid organs as well as in the skin- and gut-associated lymphoid tissues3. Although a limited number of germ-line genes encode the TCR γ and δ subunits, extensive junctional variation particularly in the δ gene, results in unprecedented diversity for this receptor4,5 The nature of the specificity and immunological functions of these T cells remains enigmatic. We report here that in contrast to the normal low frequency of γδ-bearing cells in lymphoid tissues, peripheral blood, or normal skin, the frequency is increased five to eightfold in particular granulomatous reactions of leprosy. TCR γδ+lymphocyte lines from these leprosy skin lesions proliferate in vitro specifically to mycobacterial antigens. This reactivity to foreign antigens appears to require presentation in the context of self-molecules. Moreover, culture supernatants from activated γδT lymphocytes induce adhesion and aggregation of bone-marrow monocytes in the presence of granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (CSF), suggesting that products of γδ-bearing T cells may play a role in the immune response, possibly by stimulating granuloma formation.
Local anesthesia with sedation for transvaginal correction of advanced genital prolapse.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate local anesthesia with sedation for vaginal surgery for advanced genital prolapse. Study design Five sacrospinous ligament suspensions and 12 vaginal paravaginal defect repairs performed under local anesthesia in 2004 were identified. Medical records and patient satisfaction questionnaire were reviewed. Patient demographics, degree of prolapse, duration of surgery, hospital stay, and responses to an anesthesia satisfaction questionnaires were recorded. Results All repairs incorporated placement of dermal allograft. Concomitant procedures included: 6 tension-free vaginal tape (TVTs), 12 posterior and 4 enterocele repairs. Mean patient age was 66.1 years. All patients had prolapse of apex or anterior wall ≥ grade 3. Mean OR time was 132 minutes. Average hospital stay was 1.2 days. No patient was converted to general anesthesia. All 17 patients were “very satisfied” with their surgical experience. Conclusion Local anesthesia with sedation can be successfully employed for most vaginal reconstructive surgeries with advanced genital prolapse. Patients report a high level of satisfaction.
Studies on “intrinsic” allergic respiratory disease, with a hypothesis concerning its pathogenesis

Abstract In an effort to shed some light on the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the intrinsic allergic respiratory syndromes, the immune responses of 11 such patients have been compared with those of 6 atopic patients, following parenteral and intranasal immunization. All patients in both groups developed immediate wheal and erythema skin reactivity 3 weeks following subcutaneous administration of pneumococcal polysaccharide, which was passively transferrable to a nonsensitive recipient with 3 sera. The atopic group demonstrated clear-cut sensitization to intranasally administered ribonuclease, while the intrinsic group did not. We suggest that the intrinsic allergic respiratory syndromes do not involve reaginic antibody-antigen reactions as in atopic disease.
Teetering on the Brink: Cuba's Current Economic and Political Crisis

Cuban scholars are not noted for fashioning consensus, much less unanimity. Yet it is unlikely that a Cubanist could be found who would not agree with the proposition that Cuba in 1992 is in the worst crisis of the revolution. It is perhaps arguable that the material situation on the island in 1969 was as difficult as it is today, but back in 1969 the revolution was young and the Cuban people for the most part were energetic and hopeful. Cuba was then an increasingly accepted and economically integrated member of the large world socialist community.The proximate cause of Cuba's present predicament is not hard to identify. Cuba has a small and heavily trade-dependent economy. In the presence of the US embargo, Cuba came to depend on the former Soviet trade bloc (CMEA) for over four-fifths of its imports. Without access to the US market, with access to other markets restricted and with imports from the former CMEA countries reduced by roughly two-thirds, Cuba's economy and its people are struggling to survive.The government's response to the crisis has been deliberate but inadequate. A number of reforms initiated prior to 1989 are being continued,1 others are being accelerated and some new programmes are being put in place. The new emphasis on foreign investment and tourism, structural reforms in the operation of foreign trade, and the impossibility of central planning in the presence of ubiquitous supply uncertainties have combined to transform the nature of Cuba's economic mechanism. Despite the promise of some extension of private enterprise and the market in the service sector, however, the needed and more concerted introduction of a broader market mechanism has not been forthcoming.
Long Term Distributed File Reference Tracing: Implementation and Experience

DFSTrace is a system to collect and analyze long-term file reference data in a distributed UNIX workstation environment. The design of DFSTrace is unique in that it pays particular attention to efficiency, extensibility, and the logistics of long-term trace data collection in a distributed environment. The components of DFSTrace are a set of kernel hooks, a kernel buffer mechanism, a data extraction agent, a set of collection servers, and post-processing tools. Our experience with DFSTrace has been highly positive. Tracing has been virtually unnoticeable, degrading performance 3-7%, depending on the level of detail of tracing. We have collected file reference traces from approximately 30 workstations continuously for over two years. We have implemented a post-processing library to provide a convenient programmer interface to the traces, and have created an on-line database of results from a suite of analysis programs to aid trace selection. Our data has been used for a wide variety of purposes, including file system studies, performance measurement and tuning, and debugging. Extensions of DFSTrace have enabled its use in applications such as field reliability testing and determining disk geometry. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of DFSTrace and associated tools, and describes how they have been used.
Mariner 9 Television Calibration—Revisited

Improved processing of the Mariner 9 Television data allows more accurate photometric analysis of the images returned in 1971–1972 by the first successful Mars-orbiting spacecraft. These data include good synoptic coverage of the planet and the highest resolution images yet obtained of the south polar region. Errors in calibration are comparable to (but still greater than) those of the Viking orbiter cameras. Calibration data and software are now available to interested parties as part of the Planetary Image Cartography System through the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Correlations with ordinal data

In most econometric analyses the data are uniquely defined except for a choice of units (e.g., physical quantities or value flows) and/or a location parameter (e.g., time). In some cases the cardinality of the data is less clear. For instance, building inspectors may rate various aspects of dwellings and neighborhoods on a one to five scale, the resulting indices being used in regressions explaining housing prices [Kain and Quigley (1970), King and Mieszkowski (1973)]. Battalio et al. (1973) recently pointed out that the sign of the correlation coefficient may not be invariant with respect to order preserving transformations of the ordinal variable and presented a numerical example. The exact conditions under which the sign of the sample correlation between a cardinal variable and an ordinal variable is ‘identified’ are given in section 2. The case of two ordinal variables is dealt with in section 3.
Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Cell Adhesion Kinase Family Suggests a Novel Signaling Mechanism in Cancer

AbstractFuture advances in oncology will increasingly rely on an understanding of the molecular biology of tumorigenesis. Recent laboratory work has elucidated many molecular events contributing to tumor formation. In particular, the signaling pathways for growth factors have been implicated in the genesis and maintenance of several human tumors (1). Growth factor autocrine and paracrine stimulatory loops promote tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. A family of structurally related growth factor receptors, the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), are particularly relevant to cancer biology. This large family includes the receptors for epidermal growth factor, the platelet-derived growth factor, the fibroblast growth factor, the insulin-like growth factor, the neurotrophins related to nerve growth factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor, the ephrins, and several receptors for which no growth factor ligand has been identified. Several of these receptor molecules and their growth factor ligands are pref...
Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of poly-α-amino acids

Vacuum ultraviolet spectra are reported for a series of poly-α-amino acids which were film cast onto lithium fluoride discs. The solvents used for film casting were chosen such that chain conformations representative of those normally found for polypeptides were produced. Comparison of the spectra obtained suggests that the peptide group has at least one conformationally sensitive transition in the vacuum ultraviolet region at ∼165 nm. For the β, or extended, form of the polymers, the intensity of this transition appears to be greater than that found for the monomer units, whereas the formation of a more compact helix results in a reduction in the intensity of this transition relative to that found for the monomers.
Analysing Conversational Discourse after Traumatic Brain Injury: Isn't It about Time?

Most studies of conversational discourse in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have used summary measures averaged over time. These measures have yielded useful aggregate data but do not capture the temporal dynamics of interpersonal interactions. To fully characterise the conversational discourse of individuals with TBI, it may be useful to consider individuals and behaviours as systems hanging over time. In this article, we review dynamic systems approaches that have been used to study conversational interactions, and present data to illustrate their potential utility in characterising the conversational discourse of individuals with TBI.
Spin-orbit splitting in the ground X 2Π electronic state of the BAr van der Waals complex

Abstract The spin-orbit excited 2 Π 3 2 manifold of 11 BAr ( X 2 Π) was observed in a free jet supersonic expansion by laser fluorescence excitation in the B 2 Σ + − X 2 Π (7,0) band. In previous work we observed transitions from the lower 2 Π 1 2 manifold. The spin-orbit constant A was determined to equal 10.88±0.08(1σ) cm − , close to a simple estimate, 2 3 ΔE = 10.17 cm − , where ΔE is the boron 2 p 2 P 3 2 − 2 P 1 2 spin-orbit splitting. The near equality of experimental and theoretical values of A suggests that the boron 2p orbital is not strongly affected by the weak, nonbonding BAr interaction.
Improved analytic models and efficient parameter extraction for computationally efficient 1D and 2D ion implantation modeling

Computationally efficient ion implantation modeling is highly essential for efficient silicon device technology development and improved process control. Indeed, analytic models are particularly desirable for two-dimensional simulations, which are very expensive in terms of computation time. This paper describes analytic models for both the impurity and the damage profiles in one and two dimensions. Legendre polynomials are used as model functions and their orthogonality property is exploited to simplify and allow the automation of parameter extraction. Using 14 Legendre polynomials (16 model parameters), a wide variety of impurity and damage profiles can be modeled accurately. In addition, the shortcomings of the conventional superposition approach to 2-D modeling are explained, and a modified approach based on dose-splitting is proposed. The 2-D impurity and damage profiles generated by this modified superposition approach are shown to have very good agreement with the physically based and experimentally verified Monte-Carlo simulator, UT-MARLOWE. Computation times can be reduced by approximately a factor of 50 without sacrificing accuracy when the analytic approach is used instead of a Monte-Carlo simulation.
Growth of pulmonary metastases of B16 melanoma in mast cell-free mice

Abstract The relationship of mast cells to tumor growth has been debated but not elucidated. The existence of a mast cell-free animal, the W/W v mouse, provides a model in which tumor metastasis can be studied with special reference to host tissues and their mast cell content rather than to the adhesiveness of the tumor cell itself. Both hind footpads of 30 W/W v mice and 30 control mice (+/+) were injected with 2 × 10 5 cells of B16-F10 melanoma cells. The left paw received 1000 rads orthovoltage radiation 12 hr before tumor inoculation. Growth of tumors in both paws was recorded. Ten animals from each group were killed on Day 31 after tumor inoculation, and the remaining animals were kept until they died. Autopsy was performed in all animals, and patterns of metastasis were recorded. Results showed that (1) preinoculation radiation significantly slowed tumor growth in the left paw ( P = 0.0009), and (2) lung metastases were present in 4 of 10 W/W v mice, but in none of 10 +/+ mice killed after 31 days ( P = 0.05). Overall, 17 of 25 W/W v mice and 8 of 26 +/+ mice had lung metastases ( P = 0.008).