cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The proximal serum response element in the Egr-1 promoter mediates response to thrombin in primary human endothelial cells

Thrombin signaling in endothelial cells provides an important link between coagulation and inflammation. We report here that thrombin induces endogenous Egr-1 mRNA and Egr-1 promoter activity in primary human endothelial cells by approximately 6-fold and 3-fold, respectively. In transient transfection assays, deletion of the 3′ cluster of serum response elements (SREs), but not the 5′ cluster of SREs, resulted in a loss of thrombin response. When coupled to a heterologous core promoter, a region spanning the 3′ SRE cluster contained information for thrombin response, whereas a region spanning the 5′ SRE cluster had no such effect. A point mutation of the most proximal SRE (SRE-1), but not of the proximal Ets motif or upstream SREs, abrogated the response to thrombin. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, nuclear extracts from thrombin-treated cells displayed increased binding of total and phosphorylated serum response factor (SRF) to SRE-1. Thrombin-mediated induction of Egr-1 was blocked by inhibitors of MEK1/2, but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Taken together, these data suggest that thrombin induces Egr-1 expression in endothelial cells by a MAPK-dependent mechanism that involves an interaction between SRF and SRE-1.
A class of generalized measures of mobility with applications

Abstract A class of anonymous measures of mobility is defined that considers the relationship between the long-run and short-run distributions of income. Several measures of long-run income and inequalityare explored. Michigan panel data are analyzed.
Two low temperature applications of path integrals: superfluidity in 4He and orientational ordering in solid H2, D2

Abstract Computational path integrals, because of the intuitive picture they provide and their natural inclusion of temperature, are being increasingly used to simulate low temperature systems. We discuss two such applications. (1) The superfluid transition of 4He in three dimensions, where path integrals combined with finite-size scaling techniques can give transition temperatures accurate to within 1 or 2%. (2) Orientational ordering in solid2, D2 where, using a fixed node approximation, the ordering temperature for ortho H2 can be reproduced to within about 15% in contrast to mean-field-type calculations which predict transition temperatures too high by factors of two to three.
Abstract 4986: Nuclear PRAS40 regulates the cellular response to nucleolar stress

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The Proline-rich Akt Substrate of 40kDA (PRAS40) has recently been identified as a binding partner and inhibitor of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), a growth factor- and nutrient-sensitive kinase whose activity promotes protein synthesis and cell growth. Despite its inhibitory effect on mTORC1, PRAS40 has been shown to promote cell survival in rodent models of spinal cord injury and tumorigenesis. Importantly, PRAS40 levels have also been found to correlate with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients, an effect not readily explained by mTORC1 inhibition. Here we demonstrate that in addition to its known cytoplasmic role in inhibiting mTORC1, PRAS40 also actively shuttles to the nucleus, where it congregates at the periphery of nucleoli and exists in a high-molecular weight complex void of mTORC1 components. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses we have begun to identify members of this nuclear PRAS40 complex. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PRAS40 overexpression attenuates Actinomycin D-mediated induction of nucleolar stress markers. These findings may help to explain the apparent pro-tumorigenic effects of PRAS40 and identify the PRAS40 nuclear complex as a potential target for anti-cancer drug discovery. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4986. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4986
Promotion of PDT Efficacy by a Bcl-2 Antagonist

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) directed against the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is also known to target antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. This effect is associated with the initiation of both apoptosis, a cell death pathway, and autophagy, an organelle recycling system that can lead to survival or cell death. In this study, we examined the ability of the Bcl-2 antagonist HA14-1 to promote the photodynamic efficacy of PDT directed at the ER. At concentrations that independently caused only a small loss of viability, HA14-1 markedly enhanced the proapoptotic and phototoxic effects of ER photodamage. These results provide additional evidence that the antiapoptotic properties of Bcl-2 constitute an important determinant of photokilling, and demonstrate that synergistic effects can result when PDT is coupled with pharmacologic suppression of Bcl-2 function.
School-based peer-related social competence interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis and descriptive review of single case research design studies.

The purpose of this review was to critically examine and summarize the impact of school-based interventions designed to facilitate the peer-related social competence of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reviewed studies employed a single-case experimental design, targeted peer-related social competence, included children 3–12 years old with an ASD, and took place in school settings. Articles were analyzed descriptively and using the evaluative method to determine study quality. Additionally, effect size estimates were calculated using nonoverlap of all pairs method and Tau-U. A total of 37 studies including 105 children were reviewed. Overall, ES estimates ranged from weak to strong, but on average, the reviewed interventions produced a moderate to strong effect, and quality ratings were generally in the acceptable to high range. Findings suggest that children with ASD can benefit from social skill interventions implemented with peers in school settings.
Tridachione, a propionate-derived metabolite of the opisthobranch mollusc Tridachiella diomedea

The results of structural studies of tridachione, the secondary metabolite of Tridachiella diomedea, are reported. The ir, uv, and /sup 1/H NMR spectral data are given for the C/sub 22/H/sub 30/O/sub 4/ compound. X-ray diffraction data are also given for the rearrangement product produced by treatment of tridachione with BF/sub 3/etherate. (BLM)
Gold island fiber optic sensor for refractive index sensing........

Abstract A fiber optic chemical sensor based on gold island surface plasmon excitation is presented. The sensing part of the fiber is the end of the fiber onto which a thin layer of gold has been deposited to form a particulate surface. Annealing the gold reshapes the particles and produces an optical absorbance near 535 nm with the fiber in air. The optical absorption resonance of the gold particles is shifted if the fiber is immersed in a medium other than air. These resonance shifts are examined by transmission spectroscopy through the fiber. Experimental results for the sensitivity and dynamic range in the measurement of liquid solutions are in agreement with a basic theoretical model that characterizes the surface plasmon using nonretarded electrodynamics.
Associations between Birth Order and Personality Traits: Evidence from Self-Reports and Observer Ratings

Abstract Sulloway (1996) proposed that personality traits developed in childhood mediate the association of birth order with scientific radicalism. Birth-order effects on traits within the five-factor model of personality were examined in three studies. Self-reports on brief measures of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness in a national sample ( N = 9664) were unrelated to birth order. Self-reports on the 30 facet scales of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in an adult sample ( N = 612) showed only small effects for Altruism and Tender-Mindedness. Peer ratings ( N = 166) supported the hypotheses that laterborn children would be higher in facets of Openness and Agreeableness, but spouse ratings ( N = 88) did not replicate those findings. Birth order may have subtle effects on perceived personality, but it is unlikely that this effect mediates associations with scientific radicalism.
Using auxiliary data for parameter estimation with non-ignorably missing outcomes

We propose a method for estimating parameters in generalized linear models when the outcome variable is missing for some subjects and the missing data mechanism is non-ignorable. We assume throughout that the covariates are fully observed. One possible method for estimating the parameters is maximum likelihood with a non-ignorable missing data model. However, caution must be used when fitting non-ignorable missing data models because certain parameters may be inestimable for some models. Instead of fitting a non-ignorable model, we propose the use of auxiliary information in a likelihood approach to reduce the bias, without having to specify a non-ignorable model. The method is applied to a mental health study.
New findings in the genetics of alcoholism.

THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS RECENT REsearchontheimportanceofgenetic influences on alcohol abuse and dependence. The ultimate goal of those studies was to identify genetically influencedcharacteristics,orphenotypes, that affect alcoholism risk. This might then facilitate the search for social and environmental influences that are more directlyuseful inpreventionandtreatment. The contribution of genetic influences in alcoholism is supported by the 3to 4-fold higher prevalence of this disorder in first-degree relatives of alcoholics, a rate that increases another 2-fold in identical twins of alcoholics. Adoption-type studies reveal that the increased risk remains strong for children of alcoholics adopted and raised by nonalcoholics. The genetic influences appear to be, in large part, separate from a generic predisposition toward dependence on other drugs. These influences might involve multiple genes or incomplete expression of several major genes, along with environmental influences. This complexity produces many challenges in the search for specific genes that contribute to the risk. One useful approach in this situation is to focus on endophenotypes, more easily measured characteristics that contribute to the risk but do not explain the entire disorder. Subsequent investigations then can use genetic linkage studies, or genome scans, to identify more powerful, usually Mendelian, genetic traits, and/or use casecontrol or candidate gene studies. The following sections describe some of these methods as they have been applied to alcoholism.
Acute Effects of Intoxication and Arousal on Approach/Avoidance Biases Toward Sexual Risk Stimuli in Heterosexual Men

This study tested the effects of alcohol intoxication and physiological arousal on cognitive biases toward erotic stimuli and condoms. Ninety-seven heterosexual men were randomized to 1 of 6 independent conditions in a 2 (high arousal or control) × 3 (alcohol target BAC = 0.08, placebo, or juice control) design and then completed a variant of the Approach–Avoidance Task (AAT). The AAT assessed reaction times toward approaching and avoiding erotic stimuli and condoms with a joystick. Consistent with hypotheses, the alcohol condition exhibited an approach bias toward erotic stimuli, whereas the control and placebo groups exhibited an approach bias toward condom stimuli. Similarly, the participants in the high arousal condition exhibited an approach bias toward erotic stimuli and the low arousal control condition exhibited an approach bias toward condoms. The results suggest that acute changes in intoxication and physiological arousal independently foster biased responding toward sexual stimuli and these biases are associated with sexual risk intentions.
Viscous-shock-layer heating analysis for the shuttle windward-symmetry plane with surface finite catalytic recombination rates

The paper demonstrates the capability of a reacting, two-dimensional viscous-shock-layer solution using the equivalent axisymmetric body concept to predict heating rates on the shuttle windward centerline for a wide range of altitudes. Results indicate that the nonequilibrium effects persist through most of the STS-2 entry heating pulse down to an altitude of about 50 km. When results are compared to those of the inviscid flowfield plus boundary layer solution of Scott (1980), agreement is fair to poor for nonequilibrium calculations, although very good for equilibrium calculations. A parametric study to demonstrate the effect of uncertainties in oxygen surface recombination rate for RCG coated HRSI on heating, indicates favorable results when a wall recombination rate of 100 cm/sec is used in the temperature range 1400-900 K.
Editorial: Thymosin therapy creates a "Hassall"(?)

Complete acceptance of transplanted organs can easily be accomplished without the need for immunosuppression in patients who lack a thymus gland. In these cases, then, the defect allows a simple cure. It was predicted in 1968 that isolated thymic (T-cell) deficiency would easily be cured by thymus transplantations.1 In fact, this prediction was realized shortly thereafter in two patients with the embryonic thymus syndrome of DiGeorge.2 , 3 Interestingly enough, the establishment of a long-lived dividing population of T cells of donor origin was not shown in either case. This observation, combined with the rapid return to normal of peripheral blood lymphocyte . . .
Monitoring ophthalmology graduate education. The Residency Review Committee.

• Formal monitoring of quality control in American graduate medical education is the task of the residency review committees (RRCs). The RRC for ophthalmology consists of nine members appointed by the American Board of Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and the American Medical Association. The RRC meets twice each year to determine the accreditation status of residency training programs. As of 1978, residents are board eligible only if they have graduated from accredited programs. The review process is based on data collected in standard hospital information forms and a site survey. An RRC member evaluates this information and makes a recommendation that is discussed and voted on by the nine-member RRC body. In response to pressures for greater quality control and regulatory visibility, the review process has been bolstered by improvements in the data-gathering forms and in the surveyors and by a revision of the minimum requirements for accreditation that provides clearer and more stringent guidelines.
The effects of impurities and temperature on amorphous silicon solar cells

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells have been fabricated in SiH 4 glow discharges containing various impurity gases such as N 2 , H 2 O, CH 4 , etc. The effect of these impurity gases on the photovoltaic properties are discussed. Experimental data are also presented for the variation of photovoltaic properties with deposition temperature, annealing temperature in air, and temperature during operation.
Stabilization of Femtosecond Lasers for Optical Frequency Metrology and Direct Optical to Radio Frequency Synthesis

We have actively stabilized the comb of frequencies from a mode-locked femtosecond laser using a Fabry-Perot reference cavity. This technique offers the ability to synthesize a comb of highly stable radio frequencies directly from optical transitions. The measured fractional frequency instability of the components of the frequency comb relative to the reference cavity was $l5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ in 0.1 sec. The variation of the optical mode spacing versus frequency of the reference cavity was also directly measured using this technique.
Dopamine neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex possess release-modulating autoreceptors

The ability of dopamine (DA) agonists and antagonists to modulate the K+-evoked overflow of radioactivity from superfused slices of prefrontal cortex of the rat, preincubated with [3H]DA in the presence of 1 μM desipramine, was examined. Apomorphine and the putative autoreceptor-selective DA agonist EMD 23 448 inhibited the K+-evoked overflow of radioactivity, while the DA antagonist sulpiride enhanced the evoked overflow in a dose-dependent and stereoselective manner. The latter effect was partially reversed by EMD 23 448. More than 95% of the radioactivity retained by the slices chromatographed with DA, while deaminated metabolites represented the majority of both the basal efflux (84% metabolites, 4–5% DA) and evoked overflow (84% metabolites, 14% DA) of radioactivity. These findings indicate that mesoprefrontal DA neurons possess release-modulating nerve terminal autoreceptors. Previous studies have shown that these neurons lack synthesis-modulating autoreceptors. Thus, autoreceptors on prefrontal DA terminals appear to be coupled to regulation of the release but not the synthesis of DA.
Swelling of wood. Part 1. Swelling in water

The rate and maximum swelling of several North American wood species in water have been obtained with a computer interfaced linear variable displacement transformer. Since wood swells extremely fast in water even at room temperature, this apparatus made it possible for the first time, to obtain accurate rate data on the swelling of wood in water. The strict linear dependence of swelling on the temperature suggests a chemical mechanism. The activation energies obtained from Arrhenius plots ranged from 32.2 KJ/mole for sitka spruce to 47.6 KJ/mole for sugar maple. Although the two hardwoods exhibited greater maximum tangential swelling compared with the two softwoods, the maximum swelling appears to be correlated with the wood density. Generally both the rate and maximum swelling of the woods were increased by removal of extractives and the activation energies were reduced.
Pulse reflectivity at a dense-gas-dielectric interface

We solve numerically the Maxwell-Bloch equations for the propagation of the electromagnetic field in a pressure broadened resonant medium without assuming the Slowly Varying Envelope Approximation in space. At the dielectric-gas interface, we compute the shape of the reflected signal from an incident excitation pulse whose width is much shorter than any of the relaxation and dephasing times of the system. We deduce the effects on the results due to the different nonlinear effects, including that of local field correction. We show that, for the condition that the excitation pulse is level-inverting, the reflected energy is maximized, the local field effects are greatest, and the bulk of the reflected signal's energy is emitted at a time much longer than the system's homogeneous relaxation time.
X-bar charts or pre-control: an economic evaluation using alternative cost models

Abstract The on-line monitoring techniques of pre-control and X-bar control charts are compared, using two cost models that differ in the treatment of process variation cost. The first cost model assumes that process variation results in increased costs only when out-of-tolerance parts are made, while the second cost model uses Taguchi's loss function to quantify the cost of process variation. An example shows that the least-cost alternative depends on the cost model used. The sensitivity of the two techniques to changes in a number of process parameters is analysed for the loss function-based model. The results indicate that the most important consideration in choosing the process monitoring procedure is the assumption regarding the cost of process variation.
Adverse Impact of Mood on Flow-Mediated Dilation

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of mood states on endothelial function, as measured noninvasively by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Substantial literature indicates that negative mood is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well defined. CVD is often preceded by dysfunction of the endothelium. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 70; mean age, 36 years) completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), which contains six subscales (depression/dejection; tension/anxiety; anger/hostility; confusion/bewilderment; fatigue/inertia; vigor/activity) that are used to compute a total mood disturbance score for overall psychological distress. FMD was calculated (maximum percentage change in brachial artery diameter) from ultrasound assessment of arterial diameter at baseline and for 10 minutes after occlusion. RESULTS Regressions showed that increases in POMS total mood disturbance scores were associated with decreases in endothelial function. Mood disturbance explained 10% of the variance in FMD (p < .01), after controlling for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, and socially desirable response bias. An exploratory set of separate regressions conducted to decompose the link between FMD and total mood disturbance revealed that the following POMS subscales were inversely correlated with FMD: depression/dejection, tension/anxiety, anger/hostility, fatigue/inertia (p's < .05), and confusion/bewilderment (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Mood disturbance could contribute to CVD via impaired vasodilation. These preliminary results show that even mild levels of adverse psychological states, particularly depressed, anxious, angry, confused, and fatigued states, might be linked to increased cardiovascular risk.
A story of reform: Math, Science, Technology Investigations (MSI) in Room 34 at Bay Street Community School

This paper explores one school's implementation of a locally developed curriculum reform known as ‘Math‐Science Investigations’. At one level, it offers an account of a reform told from the perspective of a classroom teacher and her 3rd‐ and 4th‐graders. At another level, it reconstructs their experience to explore the understandings of the general process of change developed from this situation: the critical role relationship plays in the process of reform; the recognition of the value of time as a component in change; and the necessary respect for continuity of experience of individuals in considering growth. At yet another level, it considers ways in which a story, such as ‘Math‐Science Investigations’, exhibits characteristics of metaphor.
DNA-based immunization by in vivo transfection of dendritic cells

Delivery of antigen in a manner that induces effective, antigen-specific immunity is a critical challenge in vaccine design. Optimal antigen presentation is mediated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capable of taking up, processing and presenting antigen to T cells in the context of costimulatory signals required for T-cell activation. Developing immunization strategies to optimize antigen presentation by dendritic cells, the most potent APCs, is a rational approach to vaccine design. Here we show that cutaneous genetic immunization with naked DNA results in potent, antigen-specific, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protective tumor immunity. This method of immunization results in the transfection of skin-derived dendritic cells, which localize in the draining lymph nodes. These observations provide a basis for further development of DNA-based vaccines and demonstrate the feasibility of genetically engineering dendritic cells in vivo.
Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Antisera prepared against the Same Antigen

THE type of antibody activity present in antisera from different species directed towards the same antigen has important implications for the selection of the most effective antibody-producing animal for any given antigen-antibody system. In preparing antisera against mouse histocompatibility antigens, the use of mice of different histocompatibility types as antibody producers has proved very effective in differentiating these antigens1.
HIGHEST-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS FROM FERMI-DEGENERATE RELIC NEUTRINOS CONSISTENT WITH SUPER-KAMIOKANDE RESULTS

Relic neutrinos with mass ${0.07}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04}^{+0.02}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, in the range consistent with Super-Kamiokande data, can explain the cosmic rays with energies in excess of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. The spectrum of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays produced in this fashion has some distinctive features that may help identify their origin. Our mechanism does not require but is consistent with a neutrino density high enough to be a new kind of hot dark matter.
Generating an injective class of torsion-free abelian groups

In this paper we consider, for a set of torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank (henceforth, plainly referred to as groups), A, those groups (t.f.f.r) C such that each ACA is injective relative to any pure exact sequence O~B~C~K~O. Let cg~ be the class of those groups C. In Section 2, we consider cg~ and give a characterization of this class when A is a set of rank-1 groups. Associated with cg~ is a class g of exact sequences E: O-,-B~C~K~O with CCcg~ In Section 2, we consider the class Jcg~ which is the class of all groups injective with respect to each ECg. We will characterize Jcg~ when A is a set of rank-1 groups. We say that A generates the injective class (i.e., the class of all groups injective with respect to a given class of exact sequences), occg ~ (A). In the sections to follows, Z, Q a n d / / a r e the sets (or rings) of integers, rationals and primes respectively. The rings Zp and Zp_l denote the integers localized at p and 1I~{p} respectively. For a group A, let supp A={p]pA#A}.
The characterization of the cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract Two methods are described for isolating cilia from Tetrahymena pyriformis W. The isolate appears to consist of the axial fibrils of the cilia. Cilia isolated by the alcohol-KCl method are dissolved by alkaline thioglycolate; cilia isolated by the glycerol method are dissolved by alkali (pH 11) alone. Neither kind of cilia is soluble in water, salt solutions, dilute acid, or urea. Studies are described which suggest that the material of these isolated cilia is essentially homogeneous. Besides protein, the material appears to contain small amounts of adenine and uracil nucleotides. Glycerol-isolated cilia possess enzymatic acitivity which will split phosphate from adenosinetriphosphate, adenosinediphosphate, and adenosine-5′-monophosphate.
Oxidative Metabolism of Tertiary Amine Drugs by Human Liver Tissue

(1971). Oxidative Metabolism of Tertiary Amine Drugs by Human Liver Tissue. Xenobiotica: Vol. 1, No. 4-5, pp. 325-326.
On parameter estimation of a simple real-time flow aggregation model

There exists a clear need for a comprehensive framework for accurately analysing and realistically modelling the key traffic statistics that determine network performance. Recently, a novel traffic model, sinusoid with uniform noise (SUN), has been proposed, which outperforms other models in that it can simultaneously achieve tractability, parsimony, accuracy (in predicting network performance), and efficiency (in real-time capability). In this paper, we design, evaluate and compare several estimation approaches, including variance-based estimation (Var), minimum mean-square-error-based estimation (MMSE), MMSE with the constraint of variance (Var+MMSE), MMSE of autocorrelation function with the constraint of variance (Var+AutoCor+MMSE), and variance of secondary demand-based estimation (Secondary Variance), to determining the key parameters in the SUN model. Integrated with the SUN model, all the proposed methods are able to capture the basic behaviour of the aggregation reservation system and closely approximate the system performance. In addition, we find that: (1) the Var is very simple to operate and provides both upper and lower performance bounds. It can be integrated into other methods to provide very accurate approximation to the aggregation's performance and thus obtain an accurate solution; (2) Var+AutoCor+MMSE is superior to other proposed methods in the accuracy to determine system performance; and (3) Var+MMSE and Var+AutoCor+MMSE differ from the other three methods in that both adopt an experimental analysis method, which helps to improve the prediction accuracy while reducing computation complexity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speed, acceleration and pulse prediction calculations on test vehicles with wheel pulse generators

The use of microprocessors for calculation of dynamic quantities such as speed and acceleration on land based test vehicles which use wheel pulse generating probes is discussed. Methods of pulse prediction and windowing are presented along with formulas for determining the existance of the next pulse. Considerations in actual implementation of a microprocessor for these tasks are brought out.
A precision alignment frame for endosseous post dental implants.

Abstract The advantages of the precision alignment frame are that it (1) accurately positions and aligns the initial pilot drill at implant surgery, (2) has no adverse effects on the diagnostic cast, (3) eliminates the need for an incision or raising a flap when locating a submerged implant root for transmucosal connection, (4) consistently and accurately records the relation of the implant root to the radiograph, (5) permits long-term evaluation of the implant after restoration, (6) has components that are readily obtainable and inexpensive, and (7) is easily made. With a PAF, accurate placement of an implant can be routinely achieved without drill alignment changes. This is especially important when multiple implants are being placed to support a long framework. In most implant sites, the PAF will record the entire image of the implant on the radiograph. However, patients with advanced alveolar bone resorption, flat or narrow vaults in the premaxilla, or high muscle attachments to the mandible may yield only a coronal image of the implant root on the radiograph. In those patients, the PAF is valuable in evaluating early bone healing and remodeling at the permucosal and neck areas.
Thermal lensing and frequency chirp in a heated CdTe modulator crystal and its effects on laser radar performance

The effects of optical and microwave heatings and thermally-induced birefringence in a CdTe modulator crystal on the performance of a linear FM CO2 laser radar are examined. This is conducted in terms of reductions in beam Strehl ratio and dynamic ranges of the Doppler shift and range for given optical and microwave powers. An analysis of the thermal lenses generated by these heatings is presented.
Quantitative infrared thermography inspection for FRP applied to concrete using single pixel analysis

Abstract This research investigated infrared thermography (IRT) as a nondestructive testing method for FRP systems applied to concrete. Twenty-seven small-scale specimens (15 cm × 30 cm) were constructed using carbon and glass FRP composites with thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm. Different wet lay-up procedures were used to saturate dry fibers and the level of matrix saturation was also varied (weight fractions for fibers ranged from 0.4 to 0.67). Infrared thermography inspections were performed by heating samples for 60 s with halogen lamps and an existing normalization technique was applied to the resulting temperature vs. time history for each pixel in the resulting series of thermal images. This method was shown to be effective for minimizing the effects of non-uniform heating as well as establishing the relative depth of fabricated defects with respect to the FRP/concrete interface. The normalized temperature response for defect-free regions in each specimen was also shown to be dependent on matrix saturation levels, the presence/absence of a thickened epoxy tack-coat, and the uniformity of matrix saturation.
Vocal Expression and Perception of Emotion

Speech is an acoustically rich signal that provides considerable personal information about talkers. The expression of emotions in speech sounds and corresponding abilities to perceive such emotions are both fundamental aspects of human communication. Findings from studies seeking to characterize the acoustic properties of emotional speech indicate that speech acoustics provide an external cue to the level of nonspecific arousal associated with emotionalprocesses and to a lesser extent, the relative pleasantness of experienced emotions. Outcomes from perceptual tests show that listeners are able to accurately judge emotions from speech at rates far greater than expected by chance. More detailed characterizations of these production and perception aspects of vocal communication will necessarily involve knowledge aboutdifferences among talkers, such as those components of speech that provide comparatively stable cues to individual talkers identities.
Serotonin differentially modulates Ca2+ transients and depolarization in a C. elegans nociceptor.

Monoamines and neuropeptides modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic strengths, shaping circuit activity to optimize behavioral output. In C. elegans, a pair of bipolar polymodal nociceptors, t...
Mouse strain differences in the induction of micronuclei by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in 3 inbred mouse strains and 2 of their hybrids (C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2, BDF1 and CDF1) were examined after polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) and anthracene (ANT] were injected i.p. PAHs are thought to form active metabolites after being administered to mammals. In mouse strains with inducible PAH activating enzymes, such as C57BL/6 or BALB/c, MNE were significantly induced, as compared to control mice, 48 h after DMBA, BaP, or 3-MC was injected. No increase in the frequency of MNE occurred in the DBA/2 strain which cannot induce the activating enzymes. BeP and ANT did not increase the frequency of MNE in any mouse used. The levels of MNE induction in BDF1 or CDF1 hybrids were similar to those in C57BL/6 or BALB/c. These results support the view that the genetic capacity to metabolize PAHs is strongly associated with micronucleus induction as in the case of PAH carcinogenesis.
Development through paper deals: space and politics of value in peri-urban India

The article looks at contestations over space in peri-urban India. It studies the acrimonious responses in defense of a local marketplace that occupied public land against the sovereign project of highway expansion in peri-urban West Bengal. It posits an opposition between two aspects of state governance—rational–legal and magical—that shape the contentions. In the rational–legal mode, the expansion of the highways represents the official development goals of progress. The magical aspects of the state engender the circulation of officially approved illegal chits that give occupying migrant villagers’ claim to the space around the highway. The ethnography looks at the affective economy of illegal chits that political parties and local bureaucracies use to bring migrating villagers within their ambit. It explores how illegal chits embody the state’s legible presence in the villagers’ everyday lives, their kinnetworks, communities and transform individual affective orientations toward space. In these new modes of simultaneous “space” and “place” making, public land is understood less as commons, but more as a stretch that could be divided among individuals and households aspiring to be “developed” or upwardly mobile by excluding others. The essay contends that emergence of the “right to the city” as a collective right requires a double-edged critique. A simple celebration of the subversive potential of the magical aspect of the state vis-a-vis its rational–legal mode may not be helpful for a politics of value that seeks to challenge the idea of value (or what makes life worth living) embedded in the wider neoliberal development discourse.
Soil Property Differences Between Invaded Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) Sites and Non-Casuarina Sites in the Bahamas

Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) is a problematic invasive species within the Bahamas, associated with numerous environmental problems. Previous studies suggest casuarinas establish ecologically sterile monocultures, yet there is limited research on whether soils from casuarina-dominated sites differ physically or chemically from comparable soils under native vegetation. Because of the lack of knowledge and because this invader has the potential to be detrimental to native ecosystems, we conducted a study to examine differences in soil properties between sites where casuarinas dominated versus sites where casuarinas were absent. Soils at casuarina-dominated sites had lower potassium, phosphorus, and organic matter concentrations and had lower pH levels. But, casuarina-dominated sites had significantly higher leaf-litter abundances. No significant differences between soils were detected for calcium concentrations, magnesium concentrations, cation exchange capacity, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations, or so...
The chemistry of ruthenium complexes of 1,2-dicyanoethylene dithiolate (mnt2−). Synthesis and characterization of [RuIV/III(mnt)3]2−/3− and the derivatives trans-[RuIII(mnt)2(PPh3)2]−, trans-[RuIII(mnt)2(py)2]− and trans-[RuIV(mnt)2(Br)2]2−

The chemistry of ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(IV) complexes with 1,2-dicyanoethylene dithiolate(2−) (mnt2−) as ligand has been investigated. The tris-complex [RuIII(mnt)3]3− is readily prepared and oxidized to [RuIV(mnt)3]2−. Both complex anions are characterized by X-ray structural analysis. Ligand substitution behavior of the anions has been examined. Reactions of [RuIII(mnt)3]3− with triphenylphosphine and pyridine are sluggish while reactions of [RuIV(mnt)3]2− with these nucleophiles are complex, involving reduction by the displaced mnt2− ligand, to give trans-[RuIII(mnt)2(PPh3)2]− and trans-[RuIII(mnt)2(py)2]− respectively. A ruthenium(IV) complex, trans-[RuIV(mnt)2(Br)2]2−, is formed on treatment of [RuIV(mnt)3]2− with Br2. These three products have also been characterized by X-ray crystallography. In solution, the complexes trans-[RuIII(mnt)2(PPh3)2]− and trans-[RuIV(mnt)2(Br)2]2− both lose one axial ligand in rapidly established equilibria. The complex, [RuIV(mnt)3]2−, undergoes an unusual photochemical rearrangement in the presence of oxygen resulting in formation of [RuII(mnts)2]2− where mnts2− is a novel tridentate sulfur-bound ligand.
The Shaw bomb, an ideal hydrogen sensor

A simple modification was made to the reaction vessel designed by Shaw (1963) in order to use it as a hydrogen sensor instead of a hydrogen source, thereby allowing a continuous record of \(f_{H_2 } \) to be made during an experiment. The advantage of this arrangement is that (reversed) \(f_{O_2 - } T\) curves for minerals can be generated from a single experimental run. Other applications are possible.
Mode I fracture modeling of elastomer-toughened polymers

Analytical models are developed to correlate the mode I fracture toughness of elastomer-toughened polymers with microstructural damage modes occurring around the crack-tip. The total energy dissipation caused by three dominant damage modes, namely, plastic shear band formation, plastic void growth, and plastic deformation of the entire matrix resin, is used as the basis to derive the analytical expression for the mode I fracture toughness of the toughened polymers. Numerical results are presented and compared with available experimental data for a typical toughened epoxy resin. Parametric results involving a number of material and microstructural variables indicate some very interesting trends, and provide some guidelines toward achieving optimum fracture toughness values for these types of material systems.
Calculation of exchange-broadened NMR lineshapes II. Nuclear magnetic double resonance

Abstract The general theory of exchange-broadened NMR Lineshapes developed by Binsch (1) is applied to the problem of the nuclear magnetic double resonance (NMDR) spectrum of an exchanging two-spin-1(2 system. Relaxation of the spin system is described by the theory of Redfield (2). Deviations from equilibrium population of the four energy levels are calculated for various combinations of parameters. The effect of the strong rf field on populations becomes qualitatively different if the exchange rate exceeds the relaxation rate. These population deviations are then used to calculate NMR Lineshapes for common experimental situations, including “tickling” and ”decoupling.” Measurement of exchange times may be more facile in the double resonance experiment than in the single resonance experiment. For intermediate exchange rates, the richer structure of the double resonance experiment would provide an easier comparison of calculated and experimental spectra. For small exchange rates comparable to the relaxation rate, the strongly decoupled spectrum would provide a ready measure of the exchange rate relative to the relaxation rate.
Viral RNA species in BHK-21 cells infected with sindbis virus serially passaged at high multiplicity of infection

Abstract Only one species of double-stranded RNA (20S) is found in BHK-21 cells after infection with plaque-purified Sindbis virus. A smaller species of double-stranded RNA (12S), which is shown to contain viral sequences by hydridization experiments, is present when BHK-21 cells are infected at high multiplicities with a Sindbis virus stock derived by repeated passage at high multiplicity of infection. Several small single-stranded RNA species (0.9 to 2.2 × 10 5 MW) not found in cells infected with plaque-purified virus are present in infected cells which contain 12S DS RNA.
Influence of interchain coupling on the one-dimensional magnon raman spectrum of CsCoBr3

Abstract Light scattering from magnons in CsCoBr 3 has been measured for temperatures well below the upper antiferromagnetic 3D ordering temperature of T l N = 28 K . These experiments reveal multiple magnon features of energies in the range 90 to 170 cm -1 similar to those found in CsCoCl 3 but previously unobserved for the bromide. Prominent features in the spectrum and their temperature dependence are described in terms of a recent theory by Shiba. Other, weaker features are explained by a simple extension of the theory to include fluctuations. A new band is observed at 178 cm -1 , whose intensity drops sharply prior to the lower 3D ordering transition at T l N = 10 K . This band is assigned to magnon-phonon combination scattering.
Electron transfer reactions of geminate pairs at high exergonicities

Abstract Three systems have been designed to study the roles of driving force, distance, and static and dynamics solvent effects on the rates of electron transfer (ET) reactions of geminate pairs at high exergonicities. The bimolecular ET reaction of electrogenerated geminate pairs, and the unimolecular ET reactions of covalently tethered geminate pairs, and geminate pairs juxtaposed by a hydrogen-bonded interface are described.
Nitryl Cyanide, NCNO2

The elusive nitryl cyanide, NCNO2, has been synthesized and characterized. It was prepared in good yield, isolated by fractional condensation, characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, and studied by theoretical calculations. Nitryl cyanide holds promise as a high energy density material (HEDM) and might also prove useful as a HEDM building block. The simplicity and inherent stability of nitryl cyanide, together with the known multitude of nitriles in interstellar space, suggest that the compound might also be a potential candidate for observations in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry.
Dislocation Forest Interactions: Simulation and Prediction

Using linear elastic dislocation dynamics simulations, we show that junction formation between dislocations from various interacting slip systems can be predicted by a simple self-energy calculation. We find that this prediction is robust: dislocation curvature and external stress produce little change in the simulation results for junction formation. One key to this success appears to be a separation of timescales, where movement of the far away dislocation arms (under, for example, external stress) is typically slow compared to the process of making a junction. The self-energy calculation we describe gives a rule for dislocation encounters which should allow a considerable saving in computational effort, allowing one to impose correct interaction outcomes without calculating the interactions in detail. We also find that dislocations often come together under attraction without forming a junction. The resulting “cross-linked” state provides an additional type of connection between dislocations. We include preliminary results on the persistence of junctions and cross-linked states under stress.
Follicular atresia and infertility in rats treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

Adverse effects of the GnRH antagonist Antide on folliculogenesis and fertility were noted when we were evaluating the therapeutic value of Antide on endometriosis in a rat model. Cyclic rats with (n = 56) and without (n = 18) surgically induced endometriosis received Antide (2 mg/kg) or vehicle at noon on days 0 (proestrus), 3, 6, and 9. Rats were killed at noon on days 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, and 165. The number of antral follicles and the number of atretic antral follicles evaluated did not differ (P > 0.05) between endometriosis and control rats. Antide-treated rats had more (P < 0.05) atretic antral follicles (64.7%) than vehicle-treated rats (15.3%). Antide-treated rat ovaries contained fewer corpora lutea than those of vehicletreated rats on days 6, 12, and 18. No corpora lutea were found in Antide-treated rat ovaries after day 18. The abnormal ovarian morphology of the Antide-treated rats persisted for the duration of the project (165 days). Fertility (rats without endometriosis) was assessed by...
Managing depressive symptoms in the context of abstinence: findings from a qualitative study of women.

PROBLEM. In both community and clinical studies, higher rates of co-occurring depression and substance use disorder have been found in women. Within the past decade, there has been a plethora of research addressing co-occurring depression and substance abuse. However, comparatively few studies include individuals who suffer with depressive symptoms, which may not meet specific diagnostic criteria despite the significant impairment they may experience. METHOD. An ethnographic method was used to elicit the experiences of women dependent on alcohol and/or other substances and who have stopped drinking and/or using. FINDINGS. Findings corroborated those from previous studies in which depressive symptoms preceded substance abuse and continued during sustained abstinence. Separation in services between mental health and substance abuse resulted in fragmented care. CONCLUSION. Based on these findings, recommendations for screening, assessment, and treatment implications are forwarded.
POLICY AS AN INTERACTION METHOD FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

This paper introduces the notion of policy as a basis for interaction for decision-support systems, and describes how policy was applied as the foundation of a decision-support tool to aid in diversion management in airline operations. A policy is an abstract, general, a priori statement of expressing a goal and an associated priority. Diversion management is the process of deciding which incoming flights to divert and to which airport they will be diverted. The consequences of diversions can be complex due to the interdependent nature of resources and schedules, and the multiple stakeholders that are impacted by the decision. In current practice there is little consideration of how diversion decision will impact airline operations due to the difficulty of acquiring and analyzing the relevant data. Policy is used to capture the goals and priorities of all stakeholders and when used as the basis of a critiquing decision-support system, thereby ensures inclusion of their interests into the decision making p...