cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EIder: A compound identification tool for gas chromatography mass spectrometry data.

Abstract We report software entitled EIder ( EI mass spectrum i d entifi er ) that provides users with eight literature reported spectrum matching algorithms for compound identification from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data. EIder calculates retention index according to experimental conditions categorized by column class, column type and data type, where 9 empirical distribution functions of the absolute retention index deviation to its mean value were constructed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 2011 retention index database to improve the accuracy of compound identification. EIder filters compound candidates based on elementary composition and derivatization reagent, and automatically adds the molecular information of the native compound to each derivatized compound using a manually created database. When multiple samples are analyzed together, EIder performs cross-sample alignment and provides an option of using an average mass spectrum for compound identification. Furthermore, a suite of graphical user interfaces are implemented in EIder to allow users to both manually and automatically modify the identification results using experimental information at various analysis stages. Analysis of three types of GC–MS datasets indicates that the developed EIder software can improve the accuracy of compound identification.
Novel multi-functional europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticle aerosols facilitate the study of deposition in the developing rat lung.

Ambient ultrafine particulate matter (UPM), less than 100 nm in size, has been linked to the development and exacerbation of pulmonary diseases. Age differences in susceptibility to UPM may be due to a difference in delivered dose as well as age-dependent differences in lung biology and clearance. In this study, we developed and characterized aerosol exposures to novel metal oxide nanoparticles containing lanthanides to study particle deposition in the developing postnatal rat lung. Neonatal, juvenile and adult rats (1, 3 and 12 weeks old) were nose only exposed to 380 μg m−3 of ∼30 nm europium doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3:Eu3+) for 1 h. The deposited dose in the nose, extrapulmonary airways and lungs was determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The dose of deposited particles was significantly greater in the juvenile rats at 2.22 ng per g body weight compared to 1.47 ng per g and 0.097 ng per g for the adult and neonate rats, respectively. Toxicity was investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by quantifying recovered cell types, and measuring lactate dehydrogenase activity and total protein. The toxicity data suggests that the lanthanide particles were not acutely toxic or inflammatory with no increase in neutrophils or lactate dehydrogenase activity at any age. Juvenile and adult rats had the same mass of deposited NPs per gram of lung tissue, while neonatal rats had significantly less NPs deposited per gram of lung tissue. The current study demonstrates the utility of novel lanthanide-based nanoparticles to study inhaled particle deposition in vivo and has important implications for nanoparticles delivery to the developing lung either as therapies or as a portion of particulate matter air pollution.
Influence of Smart Grid on User Power Utilization

As an important component of strong smart grid,smart power utilization is direct to society and customer.It is an important carrier for the community perceiving and experiencing the achievements of power grid construction.From the user perspective of view,the influence of smart grid on users and the impact system are analyzed based on the two-way interactive services,the intelligent management of distributed energy resource located in the user side,and the intelligent management of electric vehicles and energy storing devices.It is shown that smart grid can meet multiple and diverse needs of user power utilization,reduce electricity costs,improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid effectively,improve customer service levels,promote the development of distributed energy resource,electric vehicles and energy storing devices,increase the proportion of power in terminal energy,and reduce carbon emissions substantially.
A Note on the Usefulness of Canonical Correlation Analysis in Marketing Research

It is argued that canonical correlation analysis is not a generally useful analytical tool. This results partially from certain unresolved statistical problems and partially from the nature of the constraints which are a part of the canonical correlation model. Fundamentally, however, the lack of usefulness of canonical analysis lies in the irrelevance of the criterion to be maximized, i.e., maximize the correlation between the derived canonical variates, to standard marketing research problems and hypotheses. Several alternatives to canonical analysis are briefly suggested.
Signaling from Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in Development and Disease

Publisher Summary Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) constitute a family of four (FGFR1–4) structurally related, cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), with 55–72% homology. FGFRs are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell growth, migration, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, and are essential for embryonic and neural development, skeletal and organ formation, and adult tissue homoeostasis. The three main signaling pathways associated with FGFR activation include the Ras/MAPK, PI 3-kinase, and PLCg pathways. All but one of the mutations known for the Fgfr genes are gain-of-function mutations, and activation of these receptors is associated with many developmental and skeletal disorders. Additionally, FGFR and FGF overexpression has been observed in many tumor samples, and mutations are also likely to be involved in carcinogenesis. Also, during embryonic development, FGFR signaling is essential for organ growth and patterning of the embryo. Activation of FGFRs can result in a variety of outcomes by initiating various intracellular signaling pathways. In many cases, the pathways activated depend on the cell type or stage of differentiation, leading to specific activation of downstream targets. Specific mutations in the Fgfr1–3 genes lead to congenital bone diseases classified as chondrodysplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes, which cause dwarfism, deafness, and abnormalities of the skeleton, skin, and eye. Finally, FGFRs and many of their ligands play roles in cancer progression by angiogenesis, changes in cell morphology, increased motility, and tumor cell proliferation.
Actions of Parathyroid Hormone

Publisher Summary Parathyroid hormone is essential for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through direct actions on its principal target organs, bone and kidney, and through indirect actions on the gastrointestinal tract. Parathyroid hormone acts directly on the skeleton to promote calcium release from bone and on the kidney to enhance calcium reabsorption. The indirect effects of parathyroid hormone on the gastrointestinal tract lead to greater calcium absorption through its actions to facilitate the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Actions of parathyroid hormone at these three sites, the kidney, the skeleton, and the gastrointestinal tract, result in restoration of the extracellular calcium concentration. Parathyroid hormone helps to regulate phosphorus metabolism where an increase in phosphorus leads to a reduction in the circulating calcium concentration. The resultant increase in parathyroid hormone leads to phosphaturia, a classical physiological effect of the hormone and restoration of the serum phosphorus concentration. The principal form of biologically active parathyroid hormone is the intact molecule, PTH-(1–84), whose half-life in the circulation is less than 3 min. Clearance of parathyroid hormone occurs rapidly in the liver (60%–70%), kidney (20%–30%), and to a much lesser extent in other organs. PTH regulates gene expression in the osteoblast, supporting synthesis of matrix proteins required for new bone formation, proteins regulating osteoclast differentiation, and proteins associated with matrix degradation and turnover.
New Directions: An Introduction

This year’s workshop includes papers which deal with a number of different rapidly developing aspects of computer simulations in condensed matter physics. The invited talks include rather long papers with some pedagogical content and at the end of this volume we present a few shorter, contributed papers which represent very recent research results.
Effective Hospital-Wide Education in Hemorrhage Control.

Background Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially preventable traumatic death. Bleeding victims must receive immediate medical attention to save lives, and the first opportunity to control bleeding after trauma often comes from bystanders. Educating the general public is important for improving outcomes for hemorrhaging victims, and it is imperative for all people, including those with no clinical training, to have the knowledge to respond until trained medical specialists arrive. Study Design An 8-minute educational module was deployed to all hospital employees and included information on the location and contents of hemorrhage control bags in the hospital and how to use the materials in the bags to respond to uncontrolled hemorrhage. A pre-post questionnaire was administered with the module to evaluate effectiveness. McNemar tests were used to compare the responses and evaluate effectiveness of the education. Results Eighty-four percent of eligible employees (n = 4,845) completed the module and all items on the questionnaires. Three-quarters of respondents provided direct or ancillary care to patients, and one-quarter worked in nonclinical roles. On average, 57% of questions were answered correctly in the pre-questionnaire and 98% were answered correctly in the post-questionnaire. The module was effective for all employees regardless of clinical training. Conclusions There is currently no succinct hemorrhage control education available that can be deployed across a large workplace environment. Results demonstrate that the brief learning module was effective in educating all employees in the basics of hemorrhage control. The module could be deployed in clinical and nonclinical settings.
Subfilter-scale enrichment of planetary boundary layer large eddy simulation using discrete Fourier-Gabor modes

A new multiscale simulation methodology is introduced to facilitate computationally efficient simulations of high Reynolds number turbulence seen in wall-bounded flows. The scale splitting methodology uses traditional large eddy simulation (LES) with a wall model to simulate the larger scales which are subsequently enriched using a space–time compatible kinematic simulation. Computational feasibility and robustness of the methodology are investigated using two idealized problems that emulate turbulence within the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and a finite Reynolds number channel flow problem which serves to validate the methodology against direct numerical simulation. The space–time correlations and spectra generated using enriched LES show excellent agreement with LES conducted at high resolution for all three problems; thereby demonstrating the potential of this approach for high resolution PBL simulations with a drastic reduction in the computational costs when compared to the conventional approach.
Sociology vs science:the war drags on

In the mid-1970s, Barry Barnes and David Bloor (at Edinburgh University), along with Harry Collins, who was then at the University of Bath, were leading lights in the development of what became known as the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK). If Barnes and Bloor were the theorists of the movement, then it was Collins who pioneered the empirical study of scientific controversies, in which, it was argued, the role of nature "factors out". Their work highlighted the "social construction" of science – the fact that the substance of scientific knowledge is somehow conditioned by the distinctly social conditions (interests, conventions, social structures) of its production and use. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, this "relativism" of SSK generated its own controversies and plenty of scholarly arguments in the philosophy of science – and a good time was had by all.
Data-based fractional differential models for non-linear dynamic modeling of a lithium-ion battery

Abstract This paper presents a battery model with non-integer order derivatives for modeling the dynamics of a lithium-ion battery over a large operating range. The non-integer or fractional differential model includes a constant phase element term to approximate the non-linear dynamical behavior of the battery. The proposed fractional differential model is an amalgamation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experimental data and standard 1-resistor-capacitor electrical circuit model. The standard least squares-based state-variable filter identification method used for continuous-time system identification is used to estimate the model parameters and the fractional derivative coefficients of the proposed fractional differential model. For application of modeling fractional differential order battery dynamics, the continuous-time least squares-based state-variable filter parameter estimation approach is extended to an instrumental variable method to be robust to (non-white) noise perturbed output measurement. The model accuracy and model performance are validated on experimental data obtained from a lithium-ion battery and confirm that the proposed fractional differential model is able to accurately capture the battery dynamics over broad operating range. In comparison, the fractional differential model shows significant improvement on data prediction accuracy compared to a conventional integer model, making the fractional differential model suitable for monitoring battery dynamical behavior in a battery management system.
Examples as an Instructional Tool in Mathematics and Science Classrooms: Teachers' Perceptions and Attitudes.

This study examined mathematics and science teachers’ perceptions and use of four types of examples, including typical textbook examples (standard worked examples) and erroneous worked examples in ...
The unique C terminus of the calcineurin isoform CNAβ1 confers non-canonical regulation of enzyme activity by Ca2+ and calmodulin.

Calcineurin, the conserved Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated phosphatase and target of immunosuppressants, plays important roles in the circulatory, nervous, and immune systems. Calcineurin activity strictly depends on Ca2+ and Ca2+-bound calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) to relieve autoinhibition of the catalytic subunit (CNA) by its C terminus. The C terminus contains two regulatory domains, the autoinhibitory domain (AID) and calmodulin-binding domain (CBD), which block the catalytic center and a conserved substrate-binding groove, respectively. However, this mechanism cannot apply to CNAβ1, an atypical CNA isoform generated by alternative 3′-end processing, whose divergent C terminus shares the CBD common to all isoforms, but lacks the AID. We present the first biochemical characterization of CNAβ1, which is ubiquitously expressed and conserved in vertebrates. We identify a distinct C-terminal autoinhibitory four-residue sequence in CNAβ1, 462LAVP465, which competitively inhibits substrate dephosphorylation. In vitro and cell-based assays revealed that the CNAβ1-containing holoenzyme, CNβ1, is autoinhibited at a single site by either of two inhibitory regions, CBD and LAVP, which block substrate access to the substrate-binding groove. We found that the autoinhibitory segment (AIS), located within the CBD, is progressively removed by Ca2+ and Ca2+/CaM, whereas LAVP remains engaged. This regulatory strategy conferred higher basal and Ca2+-dependent activity to CNβ1, decreasing its dependence on CaM, but also limited maximal enzyme activity through persistence of LAVP-mediated autoinhibiton during Ca2+/CaM stimulation. These regulatory properties may underlie observed differences between the biological activities of CNβ1 and canonical CNβ2. Our insights lay the groundwork for further studies of CNβ1, whose physiological substrates are currently unknown.
Effects of zeranol on growth and ease of calf delivery in beef heifers.

Summary At approximately 100 days of gestation, 45 Angus x Hereford and 10 Hereford heifers were assigned either to be implanted with 36 mg zeranol or to serve in a control group. Monthly measurements revealed no effect of treatment on body weight. Increased pelvic area was observed during the first (P<.05), third (P<.05) and fourth months (P<.01) after zeranol treatment. Calf birth and weaning weights were not affected by treatment of the dam. Ease of calf delivery was adversely affected (P<.05) by zeranol treatment. In a trial conducted 1 year later, 57 Angus  Hereford and 23 Hereford heifers either received no implant (C) or were implanted with zeranol (36 rag) once (lx) twice (2x) or three (3 times during gestation. Zeranol implants were administered on days 100, 170 and 225 of gestation. Monthly body weight and pelvic area measurements were not affe_ctcd by zeranol treatment. Zeranol tended (P-~.13) to lower calf birth weight. Treatment of the dam with zeranol increased calving ease (P<.10), as indicated by calving scores (2.50, 2.23, 1.94, 1.70 for C, 1 2 3x, respectively). The incidence of abortion or reabsorption of fetuses was higher among heifers given zeranol once (P<.05) and three times (P<.01) than among control animals. Progesterone concentrations in serum were not affected by treatment. Estradiol concentrations in serum were lower during the first (P<.10), second (P<.05) and third (P<.05) months following the initial zeranol treatment. In conclusion, the administration of zeranol to pregnant heifers did not result in increased body weights or pelvic areas within 1 month of parturition.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Update

This article presents an update on diabetic ketoacidosis including new data on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, therapy and morbidity, and mortality. The use of insulin and fluid and electrolyte replacement as well as the lack of benefit from bicarbonate administration and phosphate supplementation is reviewed.
Special session: STEM faculty development research agenda

Expectations for faculty members are high: STEM faculty are expected to establish a sustainable research trajectory, a teaching practice, and a service/leadership role all while pursuing tenure and promotion success. Although many colleges and universities have established STEM faculty development programs, a deficiency in holistic professional support remains, specifically in the integration and alignment of these disparate professional activities with individual and institutional goals. This session will involve participants to continue the work undertaken to bring together multiple stakeholders in academia, government, and industry to establish a research agenda for STEM faculty development. The audience includes those interested in furthering this research agenda.
Anisotropy in the hydrophobic and oleophilic characteristics of patterned surfaces

A significant difference in the wetting angles of water and oil was observed on patterned substrates, combining interstitial spaces along with hydrophobic solid surfaces, as a function of the orientation. The difference was ascribed to a modification of the liquid–interstice interfacial surface energy due to different degrees of penetration of the liquid. A roughness metric related to the extent to which the liquid infiltrates the interstice normalized by the geometrically determined area is proposed. This study has implications in modulating surface slip behavior and would be of importance in guiding liquid droplets.
Synthetic cannabinoid BB-22 (QUCHIC): Human hepatocytes metabolism with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry detection.

Abstract Clandestine laboratories continue producing new synthetic cannabinoids that mimic and magnify natural cannabinoids effects to circumvent drug scheduling legislation. New synthetic cannabinoids are highly potent and responsible for many acute intoxications and deaths. Characterization of metabolic pathways is critical to identify metabolite markers whose detection can prove intake. BB-22 is a new potent synthetic cannabinoid whose toxicological and metabolic properties are currently unavailable. Analytical methods require constant updating and are challenging due to extensive synthetic cannabinoid metabolism and low marker concentrations. A single non-specific BB-22 metabolite was previously identified in incubations with human liver microsomes (BB-22 3-carboxyindole). Clear characterization of BB-22’s metabolism is required to help toxicologists document BB-22 consumption in clinical and forensic cases. We incubated 10 μmol/L BB-22 with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for 3 h. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography on a biphenyl column and high resolution mass spectrometry. Results were processed with data mining software, identifying ten metabolites. Loss of the quinolinyl side-chain via ester hydrolysis was the main biotransformation. All other metabolites were produced by further indole or cyclohexylmethyl hydroxylation or glucuronidation. We recommend BB-22 3-carboxyindole and two BB-22 3-carboxyindole-hydroxycyclohexylmethyl isomers as metabolite targets for documenting BB-22 intake. Hydrolysis of biological samples before analysis is strongly suggested to improve detection of phase I metabolites. BB-22 3-carboxyindole is not specific for BB-22 intake, as it was previously detected as a minor MDMB-CHMICA and ADB-CHMICA metabolite. Consumption of these two synthetic cannabinoids should be ruled out to confirm BB-22 intake.
Online Anomaly Detection Using Random Forest

In this paper, we focus on how to use random forests based methods to improve the anomaly detection rate for streaming datasets.
Function of Mental Health Codes in Relation to the Criminal Justice System

Mental health codes and criminal justice systems are formalized conventions in this society, each providing a means for removing individuals from active participation in the social life of the community. Much has been made of apparent ethical and practical inconsistencies in the two conventions. The procedures prescribed in the two conventions differ in significant ways while the ends achieved in both are, in some ways, similar. It is unlikely that two such well-established conventions with functional similarities do not have a functional relationship in the social structure of which they are parts. If such a relationship exists, then attempts at reform in either convention may have unforseen implications in the functioning of the other convention. It seems probable that an understanding of an existing relationship between mental health codes and the criminal justice system is best approached through a comparison of similarities and differences in relation to social-cultural values that provide the fundamental assumptions on which the social structure is based. The apparent redundancy in the two conventions for extruding deviant individuals from active participation in the social interactions of the community can be explained as necessary, if egalitarian values are to be maintained as key social assumptions. To explore such a conclusion it is important first to compare the differences and similarities in the two conventions.
Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Plants: K+ as an Example

Following Epstein’s pioneering research on the kinetics of K+ uptake into barley roots, in which he proposed that specific carriers are responsible for the movement of K+ across the plasma membrane, an extensive literature has developed in the general area of K+ transport in plant systems (for a review, see Kochfan and Lucas, 1988b). The development of hypothPGea on the actual mechanism(s) of K+ transport was strongly influenced by the advent of Mitchell’s chemiosmotic hypothesis. These models will be reviewed in an attempt to provide an appropriate background for an analysis of the involvement of transplasma membrane redox systems in influencing K+ transport.
Age-Related Changes in Subcortical Nuclei that Project to the Cerebral Cortex

Subcortical afferents to the neocortex from the forebrain include projections from the claustrum, thalamus, amygdala, nucleus basalis (of Meynert), hypothalamus, mesencephalon and pons, pars compacta of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, pedunculopontine nucleus, locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, raphe medianus (nucleus centralis superior), medial parabrachial nucleus, and scattered neurons in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon and pons (Porrino and Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Tigges et al., 1982, 1983; Doty, 1983; Mesulam et al., 1983a; Saper, 1985; Gaspar et al., 1992). There are no known cerebral cortical projections from the medulla. Age- and disease-related neuronal changes have been documented in all of these subcortical areas with the single exception of the claustrum. In this review, the evidence for structural changes in these cortically projecting subcortical nuclei that occur in aging and in diseases affecting the cerebral cortex are examined along with their relationship to changes that occur in the cerebral cortex. The majority of the studies focus on cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic ventral mesencephalon, locus coeruleus, and median and dorsal raphe nuclei; these are reviewed individually. The results of studies on the other cortically projecting subcortical nuclei, for which there is little information, are incorporated in the general discussions at the end.
Specific Enzyme Production in Eukaryotic Cells

In the developing embryo, a complex program of gene activation and inactivation unfolds which produces the final differentiated end-state of the organism. Furthermore, since the genetic potential is identical in each cell of an adult metazoan, differences in cell phenotype must result from differential expression of these genes. It is the purpose of the present article to discuss some possible molecular mechanisms which might underly the processes of development, differentiation, and enzyme induction. Some of the conclusions are based on work in model systems, in which certain aspects of gene regulation can be more easily studied. Although our models are neither adult organisms nor developing embryos, the regulatory mechanisms which operate in them can help in understanding more complex developmental processes and alterations in cellular physiology of intact higher organisms.
Naturalists, molecular biologists, and the challenges of molecular evolution.

Biologists and historians often present natural history and molecular biology as distinct, perhaps conflicting, fields in biological research. Such accounts, although supported by abundant evidence, overlook important areas of overlap between these areas. Focusing upon examples drawn particularly from systematics and molecular evolution, I argue that naturalists and molecular biologists often share questions, methods, and forms of explanation. Acknowledging these interdisciplinary efforts provides a more balanced account of the development of biology during the post-World War II era.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Nucleic Acids at Electrodes Modified with Nylon and Nitrocellulose Membranes

Electrocatalytic oxidation of guanine in DNA was detected at tin-doped indium oxide electrodes modified with nylon and nitrocellulose polymers. The catalytic oxidation occurs via oxidation at the electrode of the complex Ru(bpy)32+ to the 3+ state, which is then reduced back to the 2+ state by guanine in DNA (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). Catalysis is observed as a current enhancement in the cyclic voltammogram of Ru(bpy)32+ when DNA is immobilized in the film. As seen in solution, the catalytic enhancement in the nitrocellulose film is lower at 800 mM NaCl than without added salt because electrostatic binding of the Ru(bpy)32+ to the DNA at low salt increases the catalytic rate constant. The cyclic voltammogram of Os(bpy)32+, which does not oxidize guanine, exhibits less current in the presence of DNA because binding to the immobilized DNA precludes communication of the metal complex with the electrode. Electrodes modified with poly[C] gave no enhancement; however, catalytic current was observed upon hybridization to poly[G]. Exposure of the poly[C] electrode to random single-stranded DNA gave no catalytic current. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with the membranes behaved in a manner similar to that of the metal oxide electrodes.
Impact of Health Plan Deductibles and Health Insurance Marketplace Enrollment on Health Care Experiences

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) have become increasingly prevalent among employer-sponsored health plans and plans offered through the Health Insurance Marketplace in the United States. This study examined the impact of deductible levels on health care experiences in terms of care access, affordability, routine checkup, out-of-pocket cost, and satisfaction using data from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey. The study also tested whether the experiences of Marketplace enrollees differed from off-Marketplace individuals, controlling for deductible levels. Results from multivariable and propensity score weighted regression models showed that many of the outcomes were adversely affected by deductible levels and Marketplace enrollment. These results highlight the importance of efforts to help individuals choose the plan that fits both their medical needs and their budgets. The study also calls for more attention to improving provider acceptance of HDHPs and Marketplace plans as these plans become increasingly common over time.
Reactive Power Control for Multiple Batteries Connected in Parallel Using Modified Power Factor Method

This research designs a new approach for the reactive power sharing of distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in smart grids. Droop control is the most commonly used approach in sharing the active/reactive powers between BESSs. However, this strategy never considers the operating power factor of BESSs, which might introduce high losses and equipment cost. The proposed control methodology in this paper attempts to remedy the unbalanced reactive load distribution problem for batteries and is aimed at driving the power factors of all the batteries connected in parallel to operate around the same point, close to unity power factor. A controller is designed based on the modified power factor strategy to synchronize the power factors of energy storage devices. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified using simulation results comparing the reactive load before and after the deployment of the proposed control method on a microgrid with three BESSs using MATLAB/Simscape power system toolbox.
Short-term effects of single-dose chloral hydrate on neonatal auditory perception: An auditory event-related potential study

Objective To study the short-term effects of a single-dose chloral hydrate on neonatal auditory perception by measuring auditory event-related potentials (aERPs). Methods Thirty-nine full-term neonates, aged 2–28 days and weighing 2980–4350 g, were divided into two groups including a chloral hydrate group (CH group, n = 17) and a non-chloral hydrate control group (non-CH group, n = 22). The CH group was given single-dose chloral hydrate (30 mg/kg) orally before aERPs measurement. An auditory oddball paradigm was used to elicit aERPs. P2 and N2 components of the ERP were recorded from electrodes at the Fz and Cz locations, and the areas under their curves (P2 and N2 areas) were calculated for the comparison between two groups. Results Significant differences was found in the P2 area between the two groups at Fz and Cz (Fz: F (1,37) = 487.75, P < 0.05; Cz: F (1,37) = 1465.94, P < 0.05). Similarly, significant difference was also in the N2 area between the two groups at both locations (Fz: F(1,37) = 153.38, P < 0.05; Cz: F(1,37) = 798.42, P < 0.05). Conclusion A single-dose of chloral hydrate impacts neonatal auditory perception in the short-term. Long-term effects will also be studied in future.
pediatrics: Play: the hospitalized child's best friend

(1973). pediatrics: Play: the hospitalized child's best friend. Hospital Topics: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 45-48.
I Like What She’s #Endorsing: The Impact of Female Social Media Influencers’ Perceived Sincerity, Consumer Envy, and Product Type

In an examination of influencer success, the current research draws from brand personality literature and identifies social media influencers (SMIs) as human brands. Specifically, this research exa...
Association of post-diagnosis cardiorespiratory fitness with cause-specific mortality in cancer.

Aims The prognostic importance of post-diagnosis assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in cancer patients is not well established. We sought to examine the association between CRF and mortality in cancer patients. Methods and results This was a single-centre cohort analysis of 1632 patients (58% male; 64 ± 12 years) with adult-onset cancer who were clinically referred for exercise treadmill testing a median of 7 [interquartile range (IQR): 3-12] years after primary diagnosis. Cardiorespiratory fitness was defined as peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during standard Bruce protocol and categorized by tertiles. The association between CRF and all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for important covariates. Median follow-up was 4.6 (IQR: 2.6-7.0) years; a total of 411 deaths (229, 50, and 132 all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and cancer related, respectively) occurred during this period. Compared with low CRF (range: 1.9-7.6 METs), the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 0.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.52] for intermediate CRF (range: 7.7-10.6 METs) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.11-0.27) for high CRF (range: 10.7-22.0 METs). The corresponding HRs were 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19-0.86) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.16-1.05) for CV mortality and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.26-0.60) and 0.16 (95% CI: 0.09-0.28) for cancer mortality, respectively. The adjusted risk of all-cause, CV, and cancer mortality decreased by 26%, 14%, and 25%, respectively with each one MET increment in CRF. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause, CV, and cancer mortality, even after adjustment for important clinical covariates in patients with certain cancers.
Domain-centric database to uncover structure of minimally characterized viral genomes.

Protein domain-based approaches to analyzing sequence data are valuable tools for examining and exploring genomic architecture across genomes of different organisms. Here, we present a complete dataset of domains from the publicly available sequence data of 9,051 reference viral genomes. The data provided contain information such as sequence position and neighboring domains from 30,947 pHMM-identified domains from each reference viral genome. Domains were identified from viral whole-genome sequence using automated profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMM). This study also describes the framework for constructing “domain neighborhoods”, as well as the dataset representing it. These data can be used to examine shared and differing domain architectures across viral genomes, to elucidate potential functional properties of genes, and potentially to classify viruses. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12319631
Pneumococcal vaccination in older adults: An initial analysis of social determinants of health and vaccine uptake.

Abstract Objectives To examine the potential influence of social determinants of health on pneumococcal vaccination in older American adults. Methods This study used nationwide, US Medicare claims data from 2013 to 2016 to assess uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among adults in the first year after turning age 65. Patients were followed from the point of being 65 years of age and initially enrolled in traditional fee-for-service Medicare or a Medicare Advantage plan through the subsequent year and observed for pneumococcal vaccination in outpatient clinics and pharmacies. Publicly-available data on select social determinants of health were incorporated and guided by the World Health Organization vaccine hesitancy matrix. Logistic regression determined predictors of vaccination while controlling clinical and demographic characteristics. Results A total of 307,488 and 74,995 adults aged 65 years were identified from Medicare Advantage and Medicare fee-for-service claims, respectively, and 21.1% of Medicare Advantage and 38.2% of Medicare fee-for-service patients received a pneumococcal vaccine in the first year after turning 65. Those residing in urban areas had a higher likelihood of pneumococcal vaccination in both the Medicare Advantage (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.267–1.344) and Medicare fee-for-service (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.450–1.615) cohorts. Additionally, residing in areas of higher health literacy or communities with more democratic voters were consistently associated with a higher odds of pneumococcal vaccination regardless of Medicare type. Results also pointed to a synergistic relationship between receiving the influenza vaccine and also being vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. Conclusion Social determinants of health, including local health literacy, poverty, residing in more liberal areas, and access to information, may be influencing the pneumococcal vaccine-related decisions of older adults. However, additional factors associated with the vaccine hesitancy matrix and more granular data (e.g., zip code-level) are needed to fully determine the impact in this and other vaccines recommended in older adults.
External genital tumors in women: role of differentiation, localization and histological types for predicting long-term survival value

Purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the tumor degree, localization and histological type of tumor at the level of long-term survival by 25-year retrospective observation in women with external genitalia cancer. Materials and methods . 557 medical records of patients treated in National Cancer Institute have been analyzed during the period of 1993–2018 years. Impact of the differentiation degree, localization and histological type on the long-term survival value has been evaluated. Results . It has been proved that the long-term survival value decreased by 27.3% during transition from high (G3) to intermediate (G2) tumor grade, by 10.8% during transition from intermediate (G2) to low (G1) tumor grade. The overall level of 25-year survival retrospectively constituted 45.0% with G3 tumor grade, 31.0% with G2, and 26.0% with G1 tumor grade (p <0.05). The highest mortality has been demonstrated with total affection (66.7%), as well as with lesions of several zones (80.9%). The multiple Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the most unfavorable localization was the area of labia minora, where the probability of survival at 25-year-long observation was 6.0% versus 23.0% for the primary tumor localization in the area of labia majora, and versus 35.0% in the vulvar region localization. Conclusion . The highest rates of cancer mortality are verified in non-differentiated forms of tumor (100.0%) and for sarcoma (63.6%) depending on the morphological form of primary tumor. Mortality rate was more than 50.0% for all forms of squamous cell cancer. Carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with a level of mortality by 20.6 % and 21.4% respectively were more favorable compared to the other morphological forms.
After Ten Years, Sarbanes-Oxley Might Be Statutory Overkill

The start of the twenty first century brought with it some spectacular corporate accounting scandals: Enron, World-Com, Adelphia, and Tyco, to name a few. The subsequent congressional hearings investigating the accounting and ethical failures of these companies resulted in a parade of one corporate executive after another claiming they had no knowledge of the massive fraud in their firms. In response to this rapid-fire succession of corporate scandals, Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”). It is a statute first introduced by Senator Paul Sarbanes and Congressman Michael Oxley, and signed into law by President George W. Bush in July 2002. The two major problem areas that SOX sought to remedy were personal accountability of corporate managers, and that of auditor independence. As a result, SOX created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), an administrative agency charged with the responsibility of establishing audit standards for publicly traded companies.In this essay, I will argue that there are some provisions within SOX that wrongfully make the innocent suffer for the guilty. I will first look at Section 206, which prohibits an auditor from taking a position with a client for at least one year after participating in an audit of that same client. I will next look at Section 203, which requires that an auditing firm rotate its partner if it worked with a specific client for the previous five years. Finally, I will look at Section 304, which requires the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of a publicly traded corporation to disgorge their profits if the financial statements must be restated due to fraud. In doing so, I do not mean to suggest that enacting SOX was unnecessary or unsuccessful; I am merely pointing out that even a right motive can sometimes yield a harshly wrong result.
The treasure inside human naive pluripotency, generation of trophectoderm and blastoids

Recent advances in human naive pluripotent stem cell culture have demonstrated their ability to generate trophectoderm and descendant trophoblast cell types. Moreover, the same cells when cultured in three-dimensional configurations self-organize to generate blastocyst-like structures called blastoids. These discoveries represent a major step forward in modeling early human embryonic development.
Block-LMS and RLS adaptive filters using in-memory architectures

Deep in–memory architecture (DIMA) provides considerable latency and throughput improvements over conventional digital architectures. DIMA reads multiple bits per bit-line (BL) in each cycle, and performs mixed-signal processing at the periphery of the bit cell array (BCA). Past work [1] used adaptive filtering as a means to analyse the impact of nonlinear read operation on gradient descent methods implemented on DIMA. Gradient descent techniques are typically implemented in block fashion in DIMA since write operations have high overhead. This work uses block least mean square (BLMS) adaptive filters as an example to study the impact of nonlinearity and variations encountered in DIMA. The insights gained from BLMS adaptive filters are used to realize recursive least square (RLS) adaptive filters. The steady state mean square error (MSE) of both filters remains unaffected while convergence rate and stability issues can arise when these filters are implemented on DIMA. The insights are useful in context of learning systems employing gradient descent techniques.
Prominent Eustachian Valve Mimicking Inferior Rim of Atrial Septum Causing Iatrogenic Inferior Vena Cava Type Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect.

The Eustachian valve is an embryologic remnant at the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA). While it typically does not have any pathologic significance, veno-arterial shunting can rarely occur in patients with prominent eustachian valves and atrial septal defects (ASD), causing cyanosis and hypoxemia despite normal pulmonary pressures. We present a case of a patient with iatrogenic residual sinus venosus IVC-type ASD secondary to a prominent Eustachian valve that was misinterpreted as the inferior rim of the atrial septum during initial ASD repair.
How to “TRAP” Information: A Reading Comprehension Strategy for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders:

The intertwined academic and behavior deficits, often referred to as the failure cycle, of students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) negatively impact learning and skil...
Discs Large Homolog 1 Splice Variants Regulate p38-Dependent and -Independent Effector Functions in CD8+ T Cells.

Functionally diverse CD8+ T cells develop in response to antigenic stimulation with differing capacities to couple TCR engagement to downstream signals and functions. However, mechanisms of diversifying TCR signaling are largely uncharacterized. Here we identified two alternative splice variants of scaffold protein Dlg1, Dlg1AB and Dlg1B, that diversify signaling to regulate p38 –dependent and –independent effector functions in CD8+ T cells. Dlg1AB, but not Dlg1B associated with Lck, coupling TCR stimulation to p38 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Conversely, both Dlg1AB and Dlg1B mediated p38-independent degranulation. Degranulation depended on a Dlg1 fragment containing an intact Dlg1SH3-domain and required the SH3-ligand WASp. Further, Dlg1 controlled WASp activation by promoting TCR-triggered conformational opening of WASp. Collectively, our data support a model where Dlg1 regulates p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production and p38-independent cytotoxic granule release through the utilization of alternative splice variants, providing a mechanism whereby TCR engagement couples downstream signals to unique effector functions in CD8+ T cells.
Complement C3-Deficient Mice Fail to Display Age-Related Hippocampal Decline

The complement system is part of the innate immune response responsible for removing pathogens and cellular debris, in addition to helping to refine CNS neuronal connections via microglia-mediated pruning of inappropriate synapses during brain development. However, less is known about the role of complement during normal aging. Here, we studied the role of the central complement component, C3, in synaptic health and aging. We examined behavior as well as electrophysiological, synaptic, and neuronal changes in the brains of C3 -deficient male mice ( C3 KO) compared with age-, strain-, and gender-matched C57BL/6J (wild-type, WT) control mice at postnatal day 30, 4 months, and 16 months of age. We found the following: (1) region-specific and age-dependent synapse loss in aged WT mice that was not observed in C3 KO mice; (2) age-dependent neuron loss in hippocampal CA3 (but not in CA1) that followed synapse loss in aged WT mice, neither of which were observed in aged C3 KO mice; and (3) significantly enhanced LTP and cognition and less anxiety in aged C3 KO mice compared with aged WT mice. Importantly, CA3 synaptic puncta were similar between WT and C3 KO mice at P30. Together, our results suggest a novel and prominent role for complement protein C3 in mediating aged-related and region-specific changes in synaptic function and plasticity in the aging brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The complement cascade, part of the innate immune response to remove pathogens, also plays a role in synaptic refinement during brain development by the removal of weak synapses. We investigated whether complement C3, a central component, affects synapse loss during aging. Wild-type (WT) and C3 knock-out ( C3 KO) mice were examined at different ages. The mice were similar at 1 month of age. However, with aging, WT mice lost synapses in specific brain regions, especially in hippocampus, an area important for memory, whereas C3 KO mice were protected. Aged C3 KO mice also performed better on learning and memory tests than aged WT mice. Our results suggest that complement C3, or its downstream signaling, is detrimental to synapses during aging.