cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The preparation and properties of a new pentacyanomanganesenitric oxide anion, [Mn(CN)5NO]2−, and some observations on other pentacyanonitrosyl complexes

Abstract The yellow anion [Mn(CN) 5 NO] 2− may be prepared by oxidizing the purple [Mn(CN) 5 NO] 3− with ∼6 N nitric acid in aqueous solution. Various salts may be isolated among which the silver, potassium and zinc salts have been prepared in pure form. The anion and its salts are only moderately stable. The silver and potassium salts are magnetically anomalous in the solid state; whereas the zinc salt in the solid state has a magnetic susceptibility corresponding to μ eff = 1·86 BM. A magnetic susceptibility corresponding to μ eff = 1·76 BM. was also obtained for the potassium salt in acetone solution. Infra-red and ultra-violet spectra of the ions [Mn(CN) 5 NO] 2− , [Mn(CN) 5 NO] 3− and several cyano anions isoelectronic with the latter are reported and discussed.
The declining marital-status earnings differential.

Earnings differentials between married and unmarried men have been declining since the late 1960s. We consider two possible explanations for this decline: changes in the nature of selection into marriage; and changes in role specialization within marriage. Our analysis of changes in marriage differentials within cohorts supports only a small contribution of changes in selection. There is some evidence that differences in human-capital investment between married and unmarried men have fallen over time, but this effect has apparently been largely offset by increases in the return to that human capital.
Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Two novel synthetic peptides accelerate bone formation and can be delivered using a collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on bone repair in a unicortical defect model. Treatment of mesenchymal cells produced an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, showed nodule formation by the cells, and increased the expression of genes for runx2, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. A collagen sponge soaked with peptide promoted repair of bone defects, whereas the control was less effective. The results from this study demonstrated that mesenchymal cells treated with peptide in vitro differentiate towards osteogenesis, and, that peptides delivered in vivo using a collagen sponge promote the repair of unicortical defects.
Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle

The objective of the present study was to determine differences in time of detection of pregnancy between heifers and cows and the interval after insemination at which the maximum sensitivity and negative predictive value of transrectal ultrasonography were obtained. One-thousand-four-hundred transrectal ultrasonographies (TRUS-1; 1,079 in cows and 321 in heifers) were performed using a 5-MHz linear-array transducer. The cattle were randomly assigned to have TRUS performed once between days 24 and 30 (estrus=day 0) in cows or between days 21 and 27 in heifers. Every TRUS diagnosis was subsequently compared with a second TRUS diagnosis (TRUS-2), performed 3-8 days later, after day 30 (range 31-38) for cows and after day 27 (range 28-35) for heifers. The sensitivity and specificity between cows and heifers for the common days of TRUS (from 24 to 27) were compared. In cows, sensitivity increased gradually from 74.5% at day 24 to 100% at day 29 (P 0.05). The sensitivity for cows and heifers was 89.2 and 96.8%, respectively (P 0.05). In this study, heifers were diagnosed pregnant earlier than cows, and the maximum sensitivity and negative predictive value were obtained 3 days earlier in heifers than cows (days 26 and 29, respectively).
Unsupervised Gene/Protein Named Entity Normalization Using Automatically Extracted Dictionaries

Gene and protein named-entity recognition (NER) and normalization is often treated as a two-step process. While the first step, NER, has received considerable attention over the last few years, normalization has received much less attention. We have built a dictionary based gene and protein NER and normalization system that requires no supervised training and no human intervention to build the dictionaries from online genomics resources. We have tested our system on the Genia corpus and the BioCreative Task 1B mouse and yeast corpora and achieved a level of performance comparable to state-of-the-art systems that require supervised learning and manual dictionary creation. Our technique should also work for organisms following similar naming conventions as mouse, such as human. Further evaluation and improvement of gene/protein NER and normalization systems is somewhat hampered by the lack of larger test collections and collections for additional organisms, such as human.
Nitric oxide-dependent allosteric inhibitory role of a second nucleotide binding site in soluble guanylyl cyclase.

The mechanism of desensitization of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor (α1·β1 isoform of soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC) is not known. Models of the structure of α1·β1, based on the x-ray crystal structure of adenylyl cyclase (AC) suggest the existence of a nucleotide-like binding site, in addition to the putative catalytic site. We have previously reported that mutating residues that coordinate Mg2+GTP (substrate) binding in α1·β1 into those present in AC fully reverts GC activity to AC activity. The wild-type form of α1·β1 (GC-wt) and the mutant form (AC-mut, α1R592Q·β1E473K,C541D) were purified, and their sensitivities to various nucleotides were assessed. In using the AC-mut as well as other mutants that coordinate purine binding, we were able to distinguish allosteric inhibitory effects of guanine nucleotides from competitively inhibitory effects on catalytic activity. Here we report that several nucleotide analogs drastically alter sGC and AC-mut activity by acting at a second nucleotide site, likely pseudosymmetric to the catalytic site. In particular, Mg2+GTPγS and Mg2+ATPγS inhibited cyclase activity through a mixed, non-competitive mechanism that was only observable under NO stimulation and not under basal conditions. The non-competitive pattern of inhibition was not present in mutants carrying the substitution β1D477A, the pseudosymmetric equivalent to α1D529 (located in the substrate-binding site and involved in substrate binding and catalysis), or with the double mutations α1E525K,C594D, the pseudosymmetric equivalent to β1E473K,C541D. Taken together these data suggest that occupation of the second site by nucleotides may underlie part of the mechanism of desensitization of sGC.
Radial transport of high-energy runaway electrons in ORMAK

The transport of high-energy runaway electrons near the outside of a low-density ORMAK discharge is investigated by measuring the flux of runaways to the outer limiter during and after an inward shift of the plasma column. The experimental results are interpreted through a runaway confinement model which includes both the classical outward displacement of the runaway orbit with increasing energy and an additional runaway spatial diffusion coefficient which simulates an unspecified source of anomalous transport. Diffusion coefficients in the range D 102–104 cm s−1 are found under various discharge conditions indicatinga significant non-collisional runaway transport near the outside of the discharge, particularly in the presence of MHD instability.
Translocon Pores in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Are Permeable to a Neutral, Polar Molecule

The pore of the translocon complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is large enough to be permeated by small molecules, but it is generally believed that permeation is prevented by a barrier at the luminal end of the pore. We tested the hypothesis that 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (4MalphaG), a small, neutral dye molecule, cannot permeate an empty translocon pore by measuring its activation by an ER resident alpha-glucosidase, which is dependent on entry into the ER. The basal entry of dye into the ER of broken Chinese hamster ovary-S cells was remarkably high, and it was increased by the addition of puromycin, which purges translocon pores of nascent polypeptides, creating additional empty pores. The basal and puromycin-dependent entries of 4MalphaG were mediated by a common, salt-sensitive pathway that was partially blocked by spermine. A similar activation of 4MalphaG was observed in nystatin-perforated cells, indicating that the entry of 4MalphaG into the ER did not result simply from the loss of cytosolic factors in broken cells. We reject the hypothesis and conclude that a small, neutral molecule can permeate the empty pore of a translocon complex, and we propose that translationally inactive, ribosome-bound translocons could provide a pathway for small molecules to cross the ER membrane.
The spectrum of resplendency

Let T be a complete countable first order theory and λ an uncountable cardinal. T heorem 1. If T is not superstable, T has 2 λ resplendent models of power λ . T heorem 2. If T is strictly superstable, then T has at least min(2 λ , ℶ 2 ) resplendent models of power λ . T heorem 3. If T is not superstable or is small and strictly superstable, then every resplendent homogeneous model of T is saturated . T heorem 4 (with K night ). For each μ ∈ ω ∪ {ω, 2 ω } there is a recursive theory in a finite language which has μ resplendent models of power κ for every infinite κ .
Operator products in 2-dimensional critical theories

Abstract A noteworthy feature of certain conformally invariant 2-dimensional theories, such as the Ising and 3-state Potts models at the critical point, is the existence of “degenerate primary fields” associated with nullvectors of the Virasoro algebra. Such fields are endowed with a remarkably simple multiplication table under the operator product expansion, known as the fusion rules. In addition, correlation functions made up of these fields satisfy a system of linear homogeneous partial differential equations. We show here that these two properties are intimately related: for any n -point function, the number of conformally invariant solutions to the system of equations equals the number of times that the identity operator appears in the fusion of all n fields in the correlator. This theorem permits the calculation of some apparently intractable correlation functions. Finally, we generalize these ideas to the Neveu-Schwarz sector of superconformal theories.
DISTANCE AND DIRECTIONAL BIAS IN INTER-URBAN MIGRATORY STREAMS

ABSTRACT Preliminary to the establishment of generalizations about dimensions of migration streams, there must be the development of efficient parameters for describing these flows. Simple parameters, based upon linear distance measures or their elaborations, prove inadequate in conserving the breadth of spatial information contained in the set of flows. The significance of directionality and departures from isotropy are stressed in this analysis of migration fields generated by the 1955–60 inter-urban streams in the continental United States.
Modeling the Impact of Post-Diagnosis Behavior Change on HIV Prevalence in Southern California Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Our objective here is to demonstrate the population-level effects of individual-level post-diagnosis behavior change (PDBC) in Southern Californian men who have sex with men (MSM), recently diagnosed with HIV. While PDBC has been empirically documented, the population-level effects of such behavior change are largely unknown. To examine these effects, we develop network models derived from the exponential random graph model family. We parameterize our models using behavioral data from the Southern California Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program, and biological data from a number of published sources. Our models incorporate vital demographic processes, biology, treatment and behavior. We find that without PDBC, HIV prevalence among MSM would be significantly higher at any reasonable frequency of testing. We also demonstrate that higher levels of HIV risk behavior among HIV-positive men relative to HIV-negative men observed in some cross-sectional studies are consistent with individual-level PDBC.
Effects of orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor on lead in blended water quality environments

This study evaluated the effects of orthophosphate (OP) inhibitor addition on copper corrosion on coupons exposed to different blends of groundwater (GW), surface water (SW), and desalinated seawater. The effectiveness of OP inhibitor addition on copper release was analyzed by statistical comparison between OP treated and untreated pilot distribution systems (PDSs). Four different doses of OP inhibitor, ranging from 0 (control) to 2 mg/L as P, were investigated and nonlinear empirical models were developed to predict copper release from the water quality and OP doses. Surface characterization evaluations were conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses for each copper coupon tested. A theoretical thermodynamic model was developed and used to validate the controlling solid phases determined by XPS. OP inhibitor addition was found to reduce copper release for the OP dosages evaluated and the water blends evaluated compared to pH adjustment alone. Empirical models showed increased total phosphorus, silica and pH reduced copper release while increased alkalinity and chloride contributed to copper release. Thermodynamic modeling suggested that Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O is the controlling solid that forms on copper surfaces, regardless of blend, when OP inhibitor is added for corrosion control.
miR290-5p/292-5p Activate the Immunoglobulin kappa Locus in B Cell Development

Regulated expression of miRNAs influences development in a wide variety of contexts. We report here that miR290-5p (100049710) and miR292-5p (100049711) are induced at the pre-B stage of murine B cell development and that they influence assembly of the Igκ light chain gene (243469) by contributing to the activation of germline Igκ transcription (κGT). We found that upon forced over-expression of miR290-5p/292-5p in Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus (AMuLV) transformed pro-B cells, two known activators of κGT, E2A (21423) and NF-κB (19697), show increased chromosomal binding to the kappa intronic enhancer. Conversely, knockdown of miR290-5p/292-5p in AMuLV pro-B cells blunts drug-induced activation of κGT. Furthermore, miR290-5p/292-5p knockdown also diminishes κGT activation, but not Rag1/2 (19373, 19374) expression, in an IL-7 dependent primary pro-B cell culture system. In addition, we identified a deficiency in κGT induction in miR290 cluster knockout mice. We hypothesize that increased expression of miR290-5p and miR292-5p contributes to the induction of κGT at the pre-B stage of B cell development through increased binding of NF-κB and E2A to kappa locus regulatory sequences.
Quantitative GLC Analysis of Theophylline, Ephedrine Hydrochloride, and Phenobarbital Suspension

A rapid GLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride, and phenobarbital in a suspension formulation. A simple extraction procedure was incorporated to separate ephedrine hydrochloride into one fraction (I) and theophylline and phenobarbital into a second fraction (II). An internal standard was added to each fraction, and the resulting solutions were chromatographed onto a single column. The internal standard and column temperature used were: α-naphthylamine and 150°, Fraction I; and hexobarbital and 200°, Fraction II. Quantitation was based on the sample-internal standard peak height ratio.
Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide : Influence of pH and ionic strength

Abstract The sorption of yttrium and the rare earth elements (YREEs) by amorphous ferric hydroxide at low ionic strength (0.01 M ≤ I ≤ 0.09 M) was investigated over a wide range of pH (3.9 ≤ pH ≤ 7.1). YREE distribution coefficients, defined as i K Fe = [MS i ] T / (M T [Fe 3+ ] S ), where [MS i ] T is the concentration of YREE sorbed by the precipitate, M T is the total YREE concentration in solution, and [Fe 3+ ] S is the concentration of precipitated iron, are weakly dependent on ionic strength but strongly dependent on pH. For each YREE, the pH dependence of log i K Fe is highly linear over the investigated pH range. The slopes of log i K Fe versus pH regressions range between 1.43 ± 0.04 for La and 1.55 ± 0.03 for Lu. Distribution coefficients are well described by an equation of the form i K Fe = ( S β 1 [H + ] − 1 + S β 2 [H + ] − 2 ) / ( S K 1 [H + ] + 1), where S β n are stability constants for YREE sorption by surface hydroxyl groups and S K 1 is a ferric hydroxide surface protonation constant. Best-fit estimates of S β n for each YREE were obtained with log S K 1 = 4.76. Distribution coefficient predictions, using this two-site surface complexation model, accurately describe the log i K Fe patterns obtained in the present study, as well as distribution coefficient patterns obtained in previous studies at near-neutral pH. Modeled log i K Fe results were used to predict YREE sorption patterns appropriate to the open ocean by accounting for YREE solution complexation with the major inorganic YREE ligands in seawater. The predicted log i K Fe ′ pattern for seawater, while distinctly different from log i K Fe observations in synthetic solutions at low ionic strength, is in good agreement with results for natural seawater obtained by others.
The skills gap in nursing management in South Africa: a sectoral analysis: a research paper.

pillay r. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 134–144 The skills gap in nursing management in South Africa: a sectoral analysis: a research paper Aim To identify competencies important for effective nursing management and to assess managers’ proficiency therein. Background A lack of management capacity has been identified as the key stumbling block to health delivery in South Africa. Despite nursing managers being central to overcoming the challenges facing health care, there has been a paucity of research that empirically evaluates their skill levels. Methods A survey was conducted among 171 senior nursing managers in South Africa using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Public sector managers assessed themselves as being relatively less competent than private sector managers. The largest skill gaps for public sector managers were for ‘ethico–legal’, ‘task-related’ and ‘controlling’ skills whereas those for private sector managers were for ‘ethico–legal’, ‘health-related ‘ and ‘task-related’ skills. Conclusions This research confirmed the lack of management capacity within the health sector and identified areas in which the skills deficit was most significant for both the public and private sectors. Implications for nursing management These findings reflect the needs of nursing managers and will be useful in the conceptualization, design and delivery of health management programmes aimed at enhancing management and leadership capacity in the health sector in South Africa.
Probabilistic Assessment of Weld Quality in Steel Piping Under Seismic Conditions

Seismic stress analyses of plant piping systems usually ignore the possibility of reduced joint strength due to weld imperfections. This paper presents a method that might be used to assess the impact of weld imperfections in a piping system, provided that limited destructive examination of welded joints is possible. A probability distribution function of weld quality is developed from the destructive examination, and this is combined with an experimentally determined relationship between weld quality and reduced strength. This latter is the result of uniaxial tensile testing of specimens with controlled imperfections. A seismic stress probability distribution function is determined by conventional seismic analysis. The above quantities are used to quantify the conditional failure probability of the imperfect weld. Effect of imperfection distribution within a given weld on the probability of failure is discussed.
Oropouche Virus Infection and Pathogenesis Are Restricted by MAVS, IRF-3, IRF-7, and Type I Interferon Signaling Pathways in Nonmyeloid Cells

Oropouche virus (OROV) is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family and a prominent cause of insect-transmitted viral disease in Central and South America. Despite its clinical relevance, little is known about OROV pathogenesis. To define the host defense pathways that control OROV infection and disease, we evaluated OROV pathogenesis and immune responses in primary cells and mice that were deficient in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (MDA5, RIG-I, or MAVS), downstream regulatory transcription factors (IRF-3 or IRF-7), beta interferon (IFN-β), or the receptor for type I IFN signaling (IFNAR). OROV replicated to higher levels in primary fibroblasts and dendritic cells lacking MAVS signaling, the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7, or IFNAR than in wild-type (WT) cells. In mice, deletion of IFNAR, MAVS, or IRF-3 and IRF-7 resulted in uncontrolled OROV replication, hypercytokinemia, extensive liver damage, and death, whereas WT congenic animals failed to develop disease. Unexpectedly, mice with a selective deletion of IFNAR on myeloid cells (CD11c Cre+ Ifnarf/f or LysM Cre+ Ifnarf/f) did not sustain enhanced disease with OROV or a selective (flox/flox) deletion La Crosse virus, a closely related encephalitic orthobunyavirus. In bone marrow chimera studies, recipient irradiated Ifnar−/− mice reconstituted with WT hematopoietic cells sustained high levels of OROV replication and liver damage, whereas WT mice reconstituted with Ifnar−/− bone marrow were resistant to disease. Collectively, these results establish a dominant protective role for MAVS, IRF-3 and IRF-7, and IFNAR in restricting OROV infection and tissue injury and suggest that IFN signaling in nonmyeloid cells contributes to the host defense against orthobunyaviruses. IMPORTANCE Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arthropod-transmitted orthobunyavirus that causes episodic outbreaks of a debilitating febrile illness in humans in countries of South and Central America. The continued expansion of the range and number of its arthropod vectors increases the likelihood that OROV will spread into new regions. At present, the pathogenesis of OROV in humans or other vertebrate animals remains poorly understood. To define cellular mechanisms of control of OROV infection, we performed infection studies in a series of primary cells and mice that were deficient in key innate immune genes involved in pathogen recognition and control. Our results establish that a MAVS-dependent type I IFN signaling pathway has a dominant role in restricting OROV infection and pathogenesis in vivo.
Electron Spin Resonance and Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet−Visible Spectroscopies of Vanadium Immobilized at Surface Titanium Centers of Titanosilicate Mesoporous TiMCM-41 Molecular Sieves

A series of mesoporous titanosilicate TiMCM-41 molecular sieves with variable amounts of framework titanium have been hydrothermally synthesized using H2O2 as a phase stabilizer. Some structurally ...
Variable reluctance motor characterization

A technique to develop a simple, nonlinear dynamic model (from measurements of flux linkage) which captures all of the relevant dynamics of the motor over its entire operating regime is described. A least squares data reduction algorithm that handles the analyses in a natural way to generate bivariate polynomials to approximate the flux linkage is given. Comparisons with a theoretical method and other measurements are presented. >
Abstract 1885: Malignancies associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Background: Cancer and Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are two common disorders. However, the relationship between these two diseases has rarely been reported in the literature. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the association between cancer and ITP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 307 patients diagnosed with ITP in our institution between 2005 and 2009. The diagnosis of ITP was defined by a platelet count less than 140.109/l with normal or increased number of megakaryocytes on bone marrow aspirate, after exclusion of thrombocytopenia-induced medications or disorders, and absence of splenomegaly. Results: 32 patients (10.4 percent) were found to have cancer. Of these 32 patients, breast cancer accounted for 28.1 percent, prostate cancer for 18.8 percent, skin cancer for 15.6 percent, gastrointestinal cancer and multiple cancer history for 12.5 percent each, bladder cancer and lymphoma for 6.25 percent each. 12 patients (37.5 percent) had ITP before cancer diagnosis, and 16 patients (50 percent) after cancer diagnosis. Both diseases were concomitant in 4 patients (12.5 percent). Conclusion: 10.4 percent of patients with ITP have cancer. Breast cancer accounted for most of the cases followed by prostate cancer. Our data suggest an association between cancer and autoimmune platelet destruction, and further investigation is warranted to understand the exact mechanism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1885. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1885
Polyphosphoinositide inclusion in artificial lipid bilayer vesicles promotes divalent cation-dependent membrane fusion

Recent studies suggest that phosphoinositide kinases may participate in intracellular trafficking or exocytotic events. Because both of these events ultimately require fusion of biological membranes, the susceptibility of membranes containing polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) to divalent cation-induced fusion was investigated. Results of these investigations indicated that artificial liposomes containing PPI or phosphatidic acid required lower Ca2+ concentrations for induction of membrane fusion than similar vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidylcholine. This trend was first observed in liposomes composed solely of one type of phospholipid. In addition, however, liposomes designed to mimic the phospholipid composition of the endofacial leaflet of plasma membranes (i.e., liposomes composed of combinations of PPI, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine) also required lower Ca2+ concentrations for induction of aggregation and fusion. Liposomes containing PPI and phosphatidic acid also had increased sensitivity to Mg(2+)-induced fusion, an observation that is particularly intriguing given the intracellular concentration of Mg2+ ions. Moreover, the fusogenic effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were additive in vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. These data suggest that enzymatic modification of the PPI content of intracellular membranes could be an important mechanism of fusion regulation.
Microfluidic DNA extraction using a patterned aluminum oxide membrane

A DNA extraction system was designed and fabricated using an AOM (aluminum oxide membrane) with 200 nm pores and PDMS microfluidic channels. The membrane was patterned using soft lithography techniques and SU-8 photolithography on the membrane. After making the pattern with SU-8, the AOM was observed using an SEM (scanning electro microscope) to verify the AOM structure was not damaged. From the SEM images, the AOM structure was not different after modification with SU-8. To complete the system, a PDMS mold for the microfluidic channels was made by soft lithography. Using the SU-8 mold, PDMS microchannels were cast using PDMS with a low polymer to curing agent ratio to provide adhesion between the patterned membrane and microfluidic channel. Then, the patterned membrane was sandwiched between PDMS microfluidic channels in a parallel format. The completed system was tested with 10ug of Lambda DNA mixed with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I. Following DNA extraction, the surface of each well was examined with fluorescence microscopy while embedded in the microfluidic system. Extracted and immobilized DNA on the AOM was observed in almost every separation well. This microsystem, referred to as a membrane-on-a-chip, has potential applications in high-throughput DNA extraction and analysis, with the possibility of being integrated into polymer-based microfluidic systems.
In vivo bioimaging tracks conditionally replicative adenoviral replication and provides an early indication of viral antitumor efficacy

In vivo monitoring of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) replication and assessing its correlation to CRAd biological effects are necessary for the clinical development of gene therapy. Noninvasive bioimaging is one current approach which can monitor in vivo CRAd replication and functional effect. Here we describe a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) promoter-controlled CRAd that was modified to contain firefly luciferase in its E3 region; this modification permitted serial bioluminescence imaging of viral replication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro luciferase expression correlated with viral replication and cytolytic effect. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed dynamic representation of the viral replication level in athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumor xenografts. Importantly, in vivo luciferase bioluminescence measured 6 days after viral administration significantly correlated with CRAd antitumor effect at day 36. Thus, our system could detect viral replication and predict in vivo therapeutic outcome based on early imaging. Further development of this approach may improve patient safety, enhance clinical trial conduct, and provide mechanistic insight into CRAd function in vivo.
Intractable Dysphagia Following Placement of Angelchik Prosthesis for Remix Esophagitis

Abstract In 1979, Angelchik and Cohen [1] reported a series of 46 patients in whom a Silastic prosthesis was used to control gastroesophageal reflux. The initial results were good, and to date, no long-term complications have been noted. We discuss a patient in whom severe dysphagia developed following placement of an Angelchik prosthesis. Preoperative evaluation revealed no motor abnormality and no stricture, but there was acute angulation of the gastroesophageal junction. The prosthesis was removed through a left thoracotomy, and a Belsey repair resulted in good relief of symptoms.
Acute myeloid leukemia with Charcot-Leyden crystals.

![Figure][1] A 70-year-old woman with renovascular hypertension presented with 8 weeks of worsening chest pain, back and leg pain, dyspnea, and fatigue. She had a faint petechial rash on the abdomen and thighs. Complete blood count showed leukocytosis (26.6 × 109/L), anemia (100 g/L), and
Emergency ward management of the borderline patient

Abstract The authors discuss assessment and management of the borderline patient in a general hospital emergency ward. Effective clinical intervention depends on rapid diagnosis of the personality disorder, understanding its core psychodynamic issues, and recognizing the impact of the emergency ward environment on the patient's behavior. The authors describe three aspects of psychological management: empathic reassurance, borderline crisis intervention, and education. Guidelines for the use of medications, physical restraint, and means of arriving at an appropriate disposition are presented.
The SS Jacob Luckenbach: Integration of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Trust Issues into the Response1

ABSTRACT Since at least 1992, state and federal trustees have struggled to deal with episodic “mystery” spills that have impacted thousands of seabirds and compromised hundreds of miles of California coastline. In November 2001, another of these mystery events spurred the United States Coast Guard (USCG), state, and federal trustees to initiate a cooperative response and investigation. As impacts from the same oil type continued into January, it soon became evident that this oil most probably stemmed from a submerged source and not transient vessels. By February 2002, a source was identified for this and many of the previous mystery spills —the 1953 wreck of the cargo ship SS Jacob Luckenbach, fully fuelled and laden with materials for the Korean War effort. The vessel now sits in 176 feet of water, 17 miles off San Francisco Bay in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. The Luckenbach itself is an historic resource, protected by the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) 16 U.S.C.470 et...
"Who do you think you are?": Race, Representation, and Cultural Rhetorics in Online Spaces

This essay looks at the articulation of Black identity in personal and online contexts. Following Omi and Winant's argument that racial formation is a matter of racial representation within social structures, I examine the Internet as a "third place" for the online representation of Black identity by Blacks and by non-Blacks following two critical incidents in recent public culture: Kanye West's Hurricane Katrina speech and the Rev. Joseph Lowery's inauguration benediction. As a third place, the Internet encourages intimate discursive interaction, similar to the way Black barber shops and beauty salons allowed private spaces for identity discourses between Black men and women. The Internet also opens these formerly private spaces to non-Blacks, who contribute to the articulation of Black identity online.
Controls on Eurasian coastal sea ice formation, melt onset and decay from ERS scatterometry: regional contrasts and effects of river influx

Regional and local patterns in the formation, melt onset and disappearance of coastal first-year sea ice (FYI) are observed in the Eurasian Arctic using the C-band (5.3 GHz) European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) radar scatterometers. Near-daily time-series (1991–1999) of the radar backscatter coefficient normalized to an incident angle of 40° (σ 0 40 ) and the backscatter- incident angle relationship (B) are examined for test sites near the Severnaya Dvina, Mezen, Pechora, Ob’, Yenisei, Khatanga, Lena, Indigirka and Kolyma rivers. Melt onset of the sea ice surface is associated with abrupt changes in σ 0 40 , with values converging towards ∼–17dB. As such, whether backscatter increases or decreases at melt onset is largely determined by contrast with pre-melt backscatter levels. The presence or absence of FYI is designated from low or high values of B, respectively, whereas the addition of an anisotropy criterion further improves discrimination of FYI from open water. A strong regional pattern is seen i...
Physiological and chemical studies on mould proteins. III. Extraction and fractionation of the proteins of mould mycelia.

A series of experiments have been done to investigate the influence of the various extraction conditions on the extraction of nitrogenous substances including proteins from the mycelia of Penicillium roqueforti. These experiments included the study of the effect of the nature of the extracting solution, the mycelia—glass beads ratio, the mycelia—extracting solution ratio as well as the extraction time. It was also possible to determine most suitable conditions for extraction. Fractionation of the mycelial proteins was also carried out and it was demonstrated that the mycelial proteins do not differ in their albumen and globulin contents from the spore proteins.
GMRES On (Nearly) Singular Systems

We consider the behavior of the GMRES method for solving a linear system $Ax = b$ when $A$ is singular or nearly so, i.e., ill conditioned. The (near) singularity of $A$ may or may not affect the performance of GMRES, depending on the nature of the system and the initial approximate solution. For singular $A$, we give conditions under which the GMRES iterates converge safely to a least-squares solution or to the pseudoinverse solution. These results also apply to any residual minimizing Krylov subspace method that is mathematically equivalent to GMRES. A practical procedure is outlined for efficiently and reliably detecting singularity or ill conditioning when it becomes a threat to the performance of GMRES.
SOI series MOSFET for embedded high voltage applications and soft-error immunity

We demonstrate a simple and novel scheme to achieve high drain breakdown voltage (BV) in a high-speed silicon-on-insulator (SOI) logic technology. In an SOI device with two FETs in series, the common floating node provides a negative feedback that limits the increase of avalanche current. This unique property of SOI provides a way to enhance the breakdown voltage by simply adding more devices in series. Data from 45 nm SOI technology show BVGt6.5V for two-NFET in series, and BVGt10V for three and four-FET in series. Other benefits of SOI series device include Gt300times reduction in stand-by leakage current and soft-error immunity as compared to a single SOI device. Our result suggests the prospect of integrating high-voltage functions on SOI-based technologies with little or no additional cost.
An experimental investigation on the multiphase flows and turbulent mixing in a flat-panel photobioreactor for algae cultivation

Keeping an appropriate mixing state of the multiphase flows in photobioreactors (PBRs) is a key issue for the optimal design and operation of the PBRs. In the present study, an experimental investigation is conducted to quantify the turbulent mixing of multiphase flows inside a flat-panel PBR and its consequential effects on the performance of the PBR for algae cultivation. While a high-resolution particle image velocity (PIV) system is used to achieve detailed flow field measurements to quantify the unsteady behaviors of the multiphase flows and turbulent mixing inside the PBR, algae cultures are also grown in the same PBR under the same test conditions. Detailed flow field measurement results are correlated with the algae growth performance in order to elucidate the underlying physics and explore/optimize design paradigms. The measurement results reveal that even though the airflow rate that is supplied to the PBR plays a dominant role in determining the characteristics of the turbulent mixing in the PBR, the geometric positioning of the aeration inlets also significantly contributes to the turbulent mixing. These differences in turbulent mixing cause differences in algae productivity within the PBR, clearly effecting efficiency of the PBR.
(4aSR,9aSR)‐9a‐Methyl‐5,5‐dioxo‐1,2,4a,6,7,9a‐hexa­hydro‐8‐oxa‐5λ6‐thia­benzo‐1,4‐cyclo­hepten‐9‐one

The title compound, C10H14O4S, crystallizes as a racemic mixture in space group P21/c, with two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The seven-membered rings exhibit a chair conformation.
Applicability of Baumrind's parent typology to collective cultures: Analysis of cultural explanations of parent socialization effects

This article reviews studies that have examined whether Baumrind's parenting styles are related to child outcomes similarly in cultures where independence is said to be emphasized versus cultures w...
Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity.

Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine (d-METH) neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures (e.g., approximately 21-22 degrees C) and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen (e.g., three to four injections spaced 2 h apart). A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice (female C57BL6/J) given a single dosage of d-METH (20mg/kg s.c.) and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage (an approximately 15% depletion of DA and an approximately 86% increase in GFAP). Substantial striatal damage (e.g., an approximately 70% depletion of DA and an approximately 200% elevation in GFAP) was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9 h, but keeping animals at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 h was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism(s) of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens.
Sensory and sensorimotor gating-disruptive effects of apomorphine in Sprague Dawley and Long Evans rats.

Rationale Rat strains differ in sensitivity to the disruptive effects of dopamine agonists on sensorimotor gating, measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle. For example, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats are more sensitive to PPI-disruptive effects of apomorphine (APO) compared to Long Evans (LE) rats; F1 (SD × LE) and N2 generations exhibit intermediate phenotypes. We reported that APO increased S2/S1 ratios and reduced S1 amplitudes of the N40 event-related potential (ERP) in SD rats, suggesting that it reduced sensory gating and/or sensory registration. Here, we investigated whether SD and LE rats differ in sensitivity to APO effects on N40 gating or amplitude.
Inclusive cross sections for pion and proton production by photons using collimated coherent bremsstrahlung

Cross sections for the inclusive processes $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}X \mathrm{and} \mathrm{pX}$ have been measured at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center for linearly polarized photons of average energy 10 and 14 GeV. The kinematic range of detected particles was ${P}_{T}=0.15 \mathrm{to} 1.0$ GeV/c, $x=0 \mathrm{to} \ensuremath{-}0.32$ for pions and -0.3 to -0.8 for protons at 10 GeV; the 14-GeV data had measurements at $x=0$ for pions and $x\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}0.3$ for protons. The experiment was carried out using collimated coherent bremsstrahlung from a thin diamond radiator and the SLAC 1.6-GeV/c spectrometer. The variation of the cross section, as a function of $x$ and ${P}_{T}$, shows a marked similarity to that observed for pion and proton production from $\mathrm{pp}$ collisions. Our results show little dependence of the pion invariant cross section on either energy or polarization. The $\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}}{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ratio varies from 1.3 at $x=0 \mathrm{to} 1.75$ at $x=\ensuremath{-}0.32$.
Using Large Area Microchannel Plate Photodetectors in the Next Generation Water Cherenkov Neutrino Detectors

Abstract The next generation of neutrino experiments will require massive water Cherenkov detectors to reach the sensitivity needed to measure CP violation in the lepton sector and the neutrino mass hierarchy. The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector Development (LAPPD) Collaboration is developing new methods to fabricate a 20 cm2 thin planar microchannel plate photo-multiplier tube (MCP) at a cost comparable to those of traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The application of these novel devices to large water Cherenkov detectors could significantly enhance background rejection and vertex resolution in these detectors by improving spatial and timing information. We present details of the MCP fabrication method, and preliminary results from testing and characterization facilities at Argonne National Laboratory. The application of these devices to neutrino detectors is also discussed.
Lowe syndrome, a deficiency of a phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase in the Golgi apparatus

The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) is an X-linked disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, renal tubular dysfunction and neurological deficits. The gene responsible for this disorder, OCRL-1, has been cloned and mutations identified in patients. The gene product (ocrl-1) has extensive sequence homology to a 75 kDa inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase. We report here that OCRL patients' fibroblasts show no abnormality in inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, but are deficient in a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] 5-phosphatase activity localized to the Golgi apparatus. Direct biochemical diagnosis of this human disease should now be possible. PtdIns(4,5)P2 has been implicated in Golgi vesicular transport through its role in the regulation of ADP-ribosylation factor, phospholipase D and actin assembly in the cytoskeleton. The regulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels by PtdIns(4,5)P2 5-phosphatase may, therefore, be important in the modulation of Golgi vesicular transport. Given that the primary defect in OCRL is a deficiency of a Golgi PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase, we hypothesize that the disorder results from dysregulation of Golgi function and in this way causes developmental defects in the lens and abnormal renal and neurological function.
SEPARATION OF NUCLEI REPRESENTING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GROWTH CYCLE FROM UNSYNCHRONIZED MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURES

Nuclei have been isolated from unsynchronized cultures of Chinese hamster fibroblasts after varying intervals of growth following the incorporation of thymidine -3H for 20 min. These nuclei were fractionated by unit gravity sedimentation in a stabilizing density gradient of sucrose, and fractions were analyzed for the concentration of nuclei, DNA, and radioactivity. A more rapidly sedimenting population of nuclei in the G2 phase of the cell cycle was separated from a group of nuclei in the G1 phase, and nuclei in progressive stages of DNA synthesis (S phase) were distributed between these two regions. The fractionation of intact cells by sedimentation according to their position in the cell cycle was found to be less satisfactory than the corresponding separation of nuclei. This probably results from the continuous accumulation of mass within individual cells throughout the entire cell cycle, whereas most of the mass of a nucleus is replicated during a relatively narrow interval of the total cell cycle.
Human Enhancement Uses of Biotechnology, Law, Genetic Enhancement, and the Regulation of Acquired Genetic Advantages

Introduction Special Nature of Genetic Enhancements Threat to Equality from Genetic Enhancement Promoting Genetic Equality Enhancement Licensing Establishing an Enhancement Lottery Regulating Germ Line Enhancement Unfairness Preventing the Loss of Societal Benefit from the Transaction Difficulty of Detecting Enhancement Distinguishing Between Enhancement and Effort Nonenhancement Advantages Intrusiveness Transaction Costs Leveling the Genetic Playing Field Keywords: biotechnology; law