cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference of cortisone-induced homograft survival by progestins

Abstract Because progestins have been observed to alter immune responses, they were administered in combination with cortisone to groups of rabbits undergoing skin homograft studies. The study was designed to see if some combination of progestin and cortisone would act synergistically and prolong skin graft survival while reducing the morbidity and mortality of corticosteroid therapy. Graft survival observed in animals receiving medroxyprogesterone or progesterone in combination with cortisone was shorter than in animals receiving cortisone alone in several different dose ranges; norethynodrel and norethindrone also interfered with the immunologic effect of cortisone to a lesser degree. Norethynodrel combined with cortisone led to weight loss far greater than that observed with cortisone alone. Similarly, medroxyprogesterone with cortisone resulted in greater mortality than that due to cortisone alone. Thus, the observed immunologic and metabolic effects of combining progestins with cortisone were opposite from those anticipated. Implications of these observations on transplantation surgery, trophoblast survival in pregnancy, and clinical therapeutics are discussed.
SFMapReduce: An optimized MapReduce framework for Small Files

Hadoop, an open-source implementation of MapReduce, is widely used because of its ease of programming, scalability, and availability. With the explosive development of cloud computing, business and scientific applications increasingly take advantage of Hadoop. The sizes of files stored and processed in Hadoop are not bound to very large files anymore. However, Hadoop cannot provide stable and efficient services for small files at both storage and processing levels. To solve these problems, we propose an optimized MapReduce framework for small files, SFMapReduce. In SFMapReduce, we present two techniques, Small File Layout (SFLayout) and customized MapReduce (CMR). SFLayout is used to solve the memory problem and improve I/O performance in HDFS. CMR provides an interface for MapReduce so that SFMapReduce can process MapReduce with SFLayout efficiently. Our experimental results show that SFMapReduce decreases the memory pressure on the Hadoop NameNode, and provides better loading and retrieving throughput. On average, SFMapReduce achieves an improvement on MapReduce processing by 14.5 times and 20.8 times, compared with the original Hadoop and HAR layout.
IFN-γ Regulates Donor CD8 T Cell Expansion, Migration, and Leads to Apoptosis of Cells of a Solid Tumor

We previously reported that IFN-γ secreted by donor cytotoxic T cell 1 (Tc1) cells was the most important factor in promoting EG7 (an OVA transfection the EL4 thymoma) rejection in mice. In this study, we show that the ability of the host to respond to Tc1-secreted IFN-γ is critical for promoting acute tumor rejection, while host production of IFN-γ is not important. CFSE-labeled wild-type and IFN-γ-deficient Tc1 cells divide rapidly in secondary lymphoid organs, indicating no defect in rate of cell division. However, wild-type Tc1 cells accumulate to significantly greater numbers in the tumor than deficient Tc1 cells. Hosts injected with wild-type Tc1 effectors had more T cells within the tumor at day 4, had higher levels of MCP-1, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β mRNA transcripts, had greater numbers of CD11b + and Gr-1 + cells within the tumor, and had massive regions of tumor cell apoptosis as compared with IFN-γ knockout Tc1 cell-treated hosts. NO has a cytostatic effect on EG7 growth in vitro, and NO is important for tumor eradication by day 22. These observations are compatible with a model in which the donor CD8 Tc1 effectors expand rapidly in the host, migrate to the tumor site, and induce the secretion of a number of chemokines that in turn recruit host cells that then attack the tumor.
Bis(3‐salicylideneaminopropyl)aminecobalt(II)

[15306-22-6] C20H23CoN3O2 (MW 396.36) InChI = 1S/C20H25N3O2.Co/c24-19-9-3-1-7-17(19)15-22-13-5-11-21-12-6-14-23-16-18-8-2-4-10-20(18)25;/h1-4,7-10,15-16,21,24-25H,5-6,11-14H2;/q;+2/p-2/b22-15+,23-16+; InChIKey = DFUNVHCIQIWEIL-YXEBPMGASA-L (catalyst for the homogeneous oxygenation of phenols with dioxygen in organic media) Alternate Name: Co(Salpr). Solubility: sol MeOH, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, C6H6, THF, C5H5N and DMF. Form Supplied in: green crystals. Preparative Method: prepared under nitrogen from bis(salicylaldehydehydato)cobalt(II) dihydrate and bis(3-aminopropyl)amine.2, 3 The long green prisms are collected by suction, washed with cold methanol, and dried in a vacuum desiccator. Purification: may be recrystallized from methanol if necessary; normally used without further purification. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store in a sealed container under an inert atmosphere.
Blind Esophagectomy for Extrinsic Carcinoma of Larynx

Esophagectomy without thoracotomy has several advantages in those patients requiring laryngectomy and in whom the stomach is used for replacement. A two-team approach is advocated. The posterior mediastinal route is preferred.
The correlation between the temperature dependence of the CRSS and the formation of superlattice-lntrinsic stacking faults in the nickel-base superalloy PWA 1480

The PWA 1480 nickel-base superalloy is known to exhibit a unique minimum in the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) at about 400 C. This paper reports an observation of a deformation mechanism whose temperature dependence correlates exactly with the reduction in the CRSS. It was found that, after monotonic or cyclic deformation of PWA 1480 at 20 C, the deformation substructures typically contain high density of superlattice-intrinsic stacking faults (S-ISFs) within the gamma-prime precipitates. As the temperature of deformation is increased, the density of S-ISFs is reduced, until finally no faults are observed after deformation in the range from 400 to 705 C. The reduction in the fault density corresponds exactly to the reduction in the CRSS, and the temperature at which the fault density is zero corresponds with the minimum in the CRRS. Two possible mechanisms related to the presence of the S-ISFs in the alloy are considered.
“Tavern” by the Saltpan: New England Seafarers and the Politics of Punch on La Tortuga Island, Venezuela, 1682–1781

New England seafarers from small merchant ships visited the natural saltpans of the Venezuelan island of La Tortuga from the late seventeenth century up until 1781. The liminal space of the island set the stage for the creation of an improvised “tavern” where the communalism of shipboard life was suddenly changed to more markedly vertical relations. Drawing from archaeological excavations and original documentary sources it is argued that, while on land, captains no longer worked alongside their crews who now labored extracting salt. With leisure time available to them, punch drinking offered captains a means of discursive practice through the manipulation of fashionable material culture and an opportunity to negotiate their social position among peers. When given to the crew, punch served as a labor incentive and a way of obfuscating the sudden change in customary captain-crew relations while on the island.
Prostate cancer screening : appropriate choices ?

Early detection of prostate cancer has produced distinct stage migration of prostate cancer to earlier, more curable disease through optimized combined use of digital rectal exam (DRE), transrectal ultrasound, and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Currently available and emerging data can be assessed according to the World Health Organization's established criteria. As a significant public health problem, prostate cancer meets almost all the criteria for screening. While concerns about incomplete natural history, progression rates, and the need for better prognostic factors are valid, important social and public health issues also need to be considered
Ventilatory Effects of Aerosolized Kanamycin and Polymyxin

Inhalation of nebulized antibiotics is associated with respiratory distress in some patients but the effect on the airways has not been studied. Ventilatory function was studied immediately before and 20 minutes after inhalation in patients having chronic lung disease, who were being treated with inhaled antibiotics. Kanamycin was associated with minor changes in ventilatory function but polymyxin (5 to 10 mg) was associated with significant deterioration in function. The possible harmful effect on the airways should be considered when medication is given by aerosol.
Specific Temporal Profile of Matrix Metalloproteinase Release Occurs in Patients After Myocardial Infarction Relation to Left Ventricular Remodeling

Background— Changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) contribute to left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that a specific plasma MMP/TIMP profile would emerge after MI and be associated with the degree of LV dilation. Methods and Results— LV end-diastolic volume and MMP/TIMP plasma profiles were determined in 53 age-matched control subjects and 32 post-MI patients from day 1 through 180 after MI. LV end-diastolic volume increased by >38% at day 90 after MI (P 150% from control at day 1 after MI (P 120% at day 3 after MI (P 60% from control at day 1 after MI (P<0.05), whereas TIMP-2 increased only at later time points. Cardiac-specific TIMP-4 fell by 40% at day 5 after MI and remained reduced. A persistent or elevated MMP-9 at day 5 was accompanied by a 3-fold end-diastolic volume in...
Identification of a BALB/c H-2Ld gene by DNA-mediated gene transfer

Gene transfer and immunoselection were used in the identification of a BALB/c genomic clone containing an H-2Ld gene (clone 27.5). Transformation of thymidine kinase-negative C3H mouse L cells with the cloned 27.5 DNA together with the herpes simplex virus tk gene produced transformants expressing Ld molecules detected by radioimmune assay with monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to Ld antigens. The foreign Ld gene products expressed by cloned mouse L cell transformants were shown to be virtually indistinguishable from BALB/c spleen Ld molecules by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of H-2Ld immunoprecipitates. These results indicate that the genomic clone 27.5 contains a functional BALB/c H-2Ld gene and demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for identifying the gene products encoded by cloned genes which are members of a multigene family. Furthermore, the ability to place cell-surface recognition molecules on the surfaces of foreign cells provides a powerful opportunity for functional analyses of these molecules.
On the Self-Energy of a Bound Electron

The electromagnetic shift of the energy levels of a bound electron has been calculated on the basis of the usual formulation of relativistic quantum electrodynamics and positron theory. The theory gives a finite result of 1052 megacycles per second for the shift $2^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}2^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ in hydrogen, in close agreement with the non-relativistic calculation by Bethe.
Cardinal transfer properties in extender models

Abstract We prove that if L [ E ] is a Jensen extender model, then L [ E ] satisfies the Gap-1 morass principle. As a corollary to this and a theorem of Jensen, the model L [ E ] satisfies the Gap-2 Cardinal Transfer Property ( κ + + , κ ) → ( λ + + , λ ) for all infinite cardinals κ and λ .
An upward spiral: Bidirectional associations between positive affect and positive aspects of close relationships across the life span

Abstract Both positive affect and positive close relationships contribute significantly to overall well-being. This review examines the literature assessing associations between positive affect and positive indices within close relationships across the life span. Specifically, the reviewed research includes parent–child relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships in relation to a variety of positive emotions and happiness more generally. This review also highlights several processes that may serve as partial mechanisms linking positive close relationships and positive affect including the interpersonal regulation and coregulation of positive emotion and the biological processes involved in experiences of positive affect and close relationships. Throughout the review, evidence of bidirectional, reciprocal associations between positive affect and positive close relationships is emphasized. Based on the current state of the literature, future directions for research in this area are considered.
Monolithic mode-locked semiconductor laser for continuously tunable millimeter-wave transmission

A continuously tunable millimeter-wave optical transmitter is demonstrated by using a monolithic mode-locked semiconductor laser and an electro-optic modulator. By photomixing a microwave subcarrier with the selected harmonics of the mode-locked frequency, millimeter-wave subcarrier frequency transmission up to 300 GHz is achievable. Experimentally, subcarrier frequency continuously tunable from DC to 43 GHz is measured.
Lipids from the Seeds of Abrus precatorius

The lipids obtained from Abrus precatorius were separated into a saponifiable and unsaponifiable fraction. Analysis of the saponifiable fraction by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) showed the presence of a series of C-8 to C-24 saturated and C-16 to C-24 unsaturated acids. Column chromatography of the unsaponifiable material yielded a hydrocarbon, alcohol–methyl sterol, and sterol fraction. GLC showed that the hydrocarbon fraction contained squalene, a homologous series of C-16 to C-35 normal, iso and/or anteiso, and possibly multibranched compounds. The alcoholmethyl sterol fraction contained a series of C-14 to C-28 normal alcohols in addition to β-amyrin and cycloartenol. Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol were the major sterol constituents identified by GLC.
Reply to 'Your cheatin' heart'.

I'm writing to clarify a few points raised in 'Your cheatin' heart' (Nat. Med. 12, 490; 2006). In particular, the comment attributed to me, "Graduate students would do anything to please their principal investigator" needs explanation.
Tertiary and quaternary structural differences between two genetic variants of bovine casein by small-angle X-ray scattering.

Abstract The casein complexes of bovine milk consist of four major protein fractions, α s1 , α s2 , β, and κ. Colloidal particles of casein (termed micelles) contain inorganic calcium and phosphate; they are very roughly spherical with an average radius of 650 A. Removal of Ca 2+ leads to the formation of smaller protein aggregates (submicelles) with an average radius of 94 A. Two genetic variants, A and B, of the predominant fraction, α s1 -casein, result in milks with markedly different physical properties, such as solubility and heat stability. To investigate the molecular basis for these differences, small-angle X-ray scattering was performed on the respective colloidal micelles and submicelles. Scattering curves for submicelles of both variants showed multiple Gaussian character; data for the B variant were previously interpreted in terms of two concentric regions of different electron density, i.e., a “compact” core and a relatively “loose” shell. For the submicelle of A, there was a third Gaussian, reflecting a negative contribution due to interparticle interference. Molecular parameters for submicelles of both A and B are in agreement with hydrodynamic data in the literature. Data for the micelles, for which scattering yields cross-sectional information, were fitted by a sum of three Gaussians for both variants; for these, the corresponding two lower radii of gyration represent the two concentric regions of the submicelles, while the third reflects the average packing of submicelles within the micellar cross section. Most of the molecular parameters obtained showed small but consistent differences between A and B, but for submicelles within the micelle several differences were particularly notable: A has a greater molecular weight for the “compact” region of the constituent submicelle (82,000 vs 60,000) and a much greater submicellar packing number (6:1 vs 3:1). Reasons for these and other differences are to be sought in sequence differences and in differences in calcium-binding sites and charge distribution.
The Placental Transmission and Fetal Storage of Vitamin A and Carotene in the Bovine

Summary Four different rations were fed to 29 Holstein and 4 Guernsey heifers during the last 60 days of their gestation periods. The rations were: wheat straw plus a concentrate mixture, a normal fitting ration of concentrates, hay and corn silage, a normal ration plus one million I.U. of carotene daily, and the normal ration plus one million I.U. of vitamin A daily. No significant differences were observed in the mean plasma carotene of the newborn calves from the four dietary groups. However, the plasma vitamin A of the newborn calves from the carotene supplemented cows was twice that of the normal group, while the vitamin A supplemented group showed a fourfold increase. Carotenoids were present in significant amounts in the livers of all newborn calves and varied directly with the carotene content of the maternal prepartum diet. The addition of one million I.U. of vitamin A daily to the normal ration of pregnant cows resulted in an average total fetal liver storage of 97,177 I.U. of vitamin A. Evidence has been presented that the prepartum diet of the normal bovine may influence markedly the vitamin A and carotene reserves of the newborn calf.
The impact of antiplatelet therapy on pelvic fracture outcomes.

Introduction : Despite increasing use of antiplatelet agents (APA), little is known regarding the effect of these agents on the orthopedic trauma patient. This study reviews clinical outcomes of patients with pelvic fractures (Pfx) who were using pre-injury APA. Specifically, we focused on the influence of APA on postinjury bleeding, transfusions, and outcomes after Pfx. Methods : Patients with Pfx admitted during a 37-month period beginning January 2006 were divided into APA and non-APA groups. Pelvic injuries were graded using pelvic fracture severity score (PFSS)-a combination of Young-Burgess (pelvic ring), Letournel-Judet (acetabular), and Denis (sacral fracture) classifications. Other clinical data included demographics, co-morbid conditions, medications, injury severity score (ISS), associated injuries, morbidity/mortality, hemoglobin trends, blood product use, imaging studies, procedures, and resource utilization. Multivariate analyses for predictors of early/late transfusions, pelvic surgery, and mortality were performed. Results : A total of 109 patients >45 years with Pfx were identified, with 37 using preinjury APA (29 on aspirin [ASA], 8 on clopidogrel, 5 on high-dose/scheduled non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents [NSAID], and 8 using >1 APAs). Patients in the APA groups were older than patients in the non-APA group (70 vs. 63 years, P 24 h) PRBC transfusions, blood loss/transfusions during pelvic surgery, lengths of stay, post-ED/discharge disposition, or mortality. In multivariate analysis, predictors of early PRBC transfusion included higher ISS/PFSS, pre-injury ASA use, and lower admission hemoglobin (all, P < 0.03). Predictors of late PRBC transfusion included the number of complications, gender, PFSS, and any APA use (all, P < 0.05). Mortality was associated with pelvic hematoma/contrast extravasation on imaging, number of complications, and higher PFSS/ISS (all, P < 0.04). Conclusions : Results of this study support the contention that preinjury use of APA does not independently affect morbidity or mortality in trauma patients with Pfx. Despite no clinically significant difference in early postinjury blood loss, pre-injury use of APA was associated with increased likelihood of receiving PRBC transfusion within 24 h of admission. Furthermore, multivariate analyses demonstrated that among different APA, only preinjury ASA (vs. clopidogrel or NSAID) was associated with early PRBC transfusions. Late transfusion was associated with the use of any APA, complications, higher PFSS, and need for pelvic surgery.
Distance education in the future: Exploring the application of distributed group support systems

Distributed Group Support Systems (DGSS) provide a means for several individuals to interact with one another from different geographic locations using telecommunications and Group Support Systems (GSS) technologies. As this technology emerges, new applications will be sought to utilize the tremendous capabilities for long distance interaction and communication. One potential application of DGSS is its use in the delivery of Distance Education. Distance Education (DE) involves the delivery of education (or training) from one site to one (or more) geographically dispersed sites. The capability of DGSS to add an additional communications channel, one by which all students could interact with one another at the same time, provides an exciting array of opportunities for the application of DGSS. This article explores ways in which DGSS could be utilized to improve the delivery of education and training to dispersed locations. Background information of GSS and DE are provided Results of a case, study in which a fiber optic cable network was used for delivering a DE class on Information Systems are briefly highlighted, along with suggestions for future research in this area.
Mathematical and computer modelling reports: A model for agreement between ratings on an ordinal scale

A class of models is proposed for describing agreement between raters who classify a sample on a subjective ordinal scale. The class is obtained by adding to the independence model a component describing baseline association between ratings and a main-diagonal component representing additional incidence of exact agreement. Special cases include the quasi-uniform association model introduced by Goodman (1979, Journal of the American Statistical Association74, 537-552) and a diagonal-parameter model for nominal-scale agreement proposed by Tanner and Young (1985, Journal of the American Statistical Association80, 175-180). The model having the structure of uniform association plus a main-diagonal parameter is used to describe agreement between pathologists evaluating carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix and between neurologists diagnosing multiple sclerosis. The models presented are log-linear and can be fitted using SAS and GLIM.
Quantifying and assessing the effect of chemical symmetry in metabolic pathways.

Atom tracing provides valuable information in many analyses of metabolic networks including pathway inference and flux estimation. Symmetries—mapping operations that produce atom equivalencies—introduce alternative tracings when multiple atom mappings are aggregated. Although several attempts have been made to consider symmetry while curating atom mappings, a definition of the symmetry amenable to automated computation and a systematic quantification of the extent of symmetries in both compounds and reactions is still lacking. Moreover, the impact of symmetries on the calculation of the atom economy of pathways and the simulation of isotopomer distribution is yet to be assessed. In this study, we formulate the symmetries of both compounds and reactions as automorphic mappings of the corresponding graph representations. We investigate the extent of both compound and reaction symmetries in several metabolic systems. We find, through random walking in the metabolic network of E.coli, that alternative tracing...
Elasticity of natural rubber networks

Stress, strain, and optical birefringence were measured for cross-linked natural rubber in compression and tension over a range of strains. The experimental data were compared to the constrained-ju...
Aggressive Fibromatosis of the Mandible in Childhood

Aggressive fibromatosis, or infantile fibrosarcoma, is an uncommon form of juvenile fibromatosis which rarely involves the head and neck. Skeletal involvement is infrequently demonstrated by radiography in this condition. Two unusual cases with similar radiographic changes in the mandible are presented, a situation not previously described. Clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features of aggressive fibromatosis are discussed.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATISTICAL HYPOTHESES AND SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESES

When a professional stacistician runs a statistical test he is usually concerned only with the mathematical properties of certain sets of numbers, but when a scientist runs a stztistical test he is usually crying to understand some namral phenomenon. The hypotheses the statistician tests exist in a world of black and white, where the alternatives are clear, simple, and few in number, whereas the scientist works in a vast gray area in which the alternative hypotheses are often confusing, complex, and limited in number only by the scientist's ingenuity. The present paper is concerned with just one feature of this distinction, namely, that when a statistician rejects the null hypothesis at a certain level of confidence, say .05, he may then be fairly well assured (p = .95) that the alternative statistical hypothesis is correct. However, when a scientist runs the same rest, using the same numbers, rejecting the same null hypothesis, he cannot in general conclude with p = .95 that his scientific hypothesis is correct. In assessing the probability of his hypothesis he is also obliged to consider the probability char the statistical model he assumed for purposes of the test is really applicable. The staciscician can say "if the distribution is normal," or "zf we assume the parent ppulation is distributed exponentially." These ifs cost the statistician nothing, but they can prove to be quite a burden on the poor E whose numbers represent controlled observations nor just symbols written on paper. The scientist also has che burden of judging whether his hypothesis has a greater probability of being correct than other hypotheses that could also explain his data. The stacistician is confronted with just two hypotheses, and the decision which he makes is only between these two. Suppose he has two samples and is concerned with whether the two means differ. The observed difference can be attributed either to random variation (the null hypothesis) or to the alternative hypochesis that the samples have been drawn from two populations with different means. Ordinarily these two alternatives exhaust the statistician's universe. The scientist, on the other hand, being ultimately concerned with the nature of natural phenomena, has only started his work when he rejects the null hypothesis. An example may help to illustrate these rwo points.
Flocculated Algae, A Potentially Important Food Source for Filter Feeding Fish

ABSTRACT Algal-clay flocculation was induced by adding bentonite clay to a tank of water containing algae. Gizzard shad placed in the tank collected 24 times as much food material as in a tank where flocculation was not induced. Algal-clay flocculation is a potentially important mechanikm directly linking smaller primary producers and filter feeding fish.
High pressure X-ray diffraction study on icosahedral boron arsenide (B12As2)

Abstract The high pressure properties of icosahedral boron arsenide (B 12 As 2 ) were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at pressures up to 25.5 GPa at room temperature. B 12 As 2 retains its rhombohedral structure; no phase transition was observed in the pressure range. The bulk modulus was determined to be 216 GPa with the pressure derivative 2.2. Anisotropy was observed in the compressibility of B 12 As 2 — c -axis was 16.2% more compressible than a -axis. The boron icosahedron plays a dominant role in the compressibility of boron-rich compounds.
Review of "Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence by William J. Clancey and Edward Shortliffe", Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, Reading, MA.

This volume is a collection of twenty-one articles on Al systems "concerned primarily with diagnosis and therapy" (p. 4). Eighteen are already published, one is based on a doctoral dissertation, and the remaining two, the first and the last ones, were written by the editors, William J. Clancey and Edward H. Shortliffe of Stanford University, especially for this book. Each article appears as a separate chapter introduced by a tow-page essay explaining its relevance and its relation to other work.
An experimental investigation of reusable requirements retrieval

Building a requirements library allows practitioners to better leverage reuse since they can work on the abstractions closer to the software system's initial concepts. However, little research has explored how to retrieve requirements profiles to answer user's queries to the library. This paper presents an experimental investigation of retrieving functional requirements profiles. We assessed the effect of two factors: basic retrieval method and synonym support, and found that: 1) no significant differences in retrieval effectiveness were detected among the methods, but recall was significantly improved by having synonym support; 2) searching times were significantly different; and 3) different methods indeed retrieved different items.
Biometric verification via complex eye movements: The effects of environment and stimulus

This paper presents an objective evaluation of the effects of stimulus type and eye tracking specifications on the accuracy of biometric verification based on complex eye movement patterns (CEM). Five stimulus types (simple, complex, cognitive, random, textual), six spatial accuracy tiers (0.5°, 1.0°, 1.5°, 2.0°, 2.5°, 3.0°), and six temporal resolution tiers (1000 Hz, 500 Hz, 250 Hz, 120 Hz, 75 Hz, 30 Hz) are evaluated to identify their effects. The results suggest the use of eye tracking equipment capable of 0.5° spatial accuracy and 250 Hz temporal resolution for biometric purposes, though biometric accuracy remains achievable for systems capable of at least 1.0° spatial accuracy and 30 Hz temporal resolution. While not conclusive, the complex and textual pattern stimuli provided the greatest accuracy, with little difference between the remaining stimuli.
Stable isotope composition of dissolved sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the Black Sea

Abstract The stable isotope ratio of sulfur ( 34 S/ 32 S) in dissolved sulfate and hydrogen sulfide was measured for 20 water samples from two deep hydrocasts from the south-central Black Sea. The isotope ratio of total reduced sulfur was also measured for surface sediment collected below each hydrocast. The range in the δ 34 S measurements for sulfate was +18.20 to +20.17‰ and for hydrogen sulfide −38.71 to −4.85‰ . The distribution pattern for δ 34 S in both sulfate and sulfide appears to be the result of in situ sulfate reduction.
An optimal reduced-order stochastic observer-estimator

An optimal reduced-order observer-estimator (filter) is developed which can provide a full-dimensional vector of state estimates for systems where the dimension of the measurement vector is smaller than that of the state vector and none of the measurements are noise free. The reduced-order filter consists of two subfilters each of which provides a subset of the optimal estimate. A two-step L-K transformation is employed to minimize the estimate error variance of each subfilter. The optimal reduced-order filter developed is computationally efficient. >
DETERMINANTS OF BANK HOLDING COMPANY DEBT RATINGS

This paper reports on the construction of a multiple discriminant analysis model which explains the specific ratings assigned by Standard and Poor's Corporation to bank holding company (BHC) capital notes and debentures. It thus investigats the ratings of debt securities issued by banking organizations, an area largely ignored in bond rating research to date. Improving on the methodology of current research concerning BHC bond ratings, the model is 78.5 percent accurate in initially classifying the top three rating categories—AAA, AA, and A. Lachenbruch validation finds the model to be 64.6 percent accurate. Size, variability of net income, the economic environment of the issuing BHC, and the amount and composition of total capital appear to be the principal variables allowing successful discrimination among the debet issue ratings.
A freshman course in emerging information technologies

In this paper, we describe current conditions in the workforce and in Information Technology education that drive the need for curriculum change in introductory computer and information technology courses. An outline for a new course is proposed that is more closely aligned with industry needs and standards.
The dynamical nature of the coronal streamer belt

Abstract SOHO/LASCO observations of the white-light corona have revealed a number of remarkable small-scale phenomena, including plasma blobs that are ejected continually from the cusps of streamers, fine raylike structures that pervade the streamer belt, and ubiquitous inflows during times of high solar activity. We discuss the implications of these observations for the origin of the heliospheric plasma sheet, the sources of the slow solar wind, and the variation of the interplanetary magnetic field strength.
Wavelength-based cell-switching in ATM multihop lightwave networks

Abstract A novel optical multihop network architecture that uses wavelength-based cell-switching and that consists of optically separated passive star couplers interconnected by 2×2 electronic ATM switches (NIUs) is presented. A fixed assignment TDMA-wavelength division multiple access (FA-TDMA/WDMA) scheme provides a means for sharing the passive star couplers' bandwidth without cell collisions. Adaptive Shortest Path (ASP) cell routing exploits the multiplicity of paths in the multihop environment to reduce queing delay and provide load balancing across all WDMA channels. Analytic models of general network performance are developed, and then verified by means of computer simulation. The network performance for ShuffleNet configurations are quantitatively studied. The proposed architecture provides for unlimited scalability, both geographically and in the number of users, and is less costly/complex to implement than conventional multihop approaches.
Gubernatorial Authority and Influence on Public Higher Education

State governors have the potential to impact their states’ public higher education systems in a variety of very significant ways. The findings for the 33 governors included in this study suggest a great deal of variation in the extent of their authority and influence. Governors’ composite ratings of formal authority and informal influence are transposed onto a four-quadrant matrix of gubernatorial power. The matrix reveals that 19 systems have maximum-power governors, 11 have entrepreneurial-power governors, 8 have prescribed-power governors, and 2 have minimum-power governors.
Drosulfakinin activates CCKLR-17D1 and promotes larval locomotion and escape response in Drosophila.

Neuropeptides are ubiquitous in both mammals and invertebrates and play essential roles in regulation and modulation of many developmental and physiological processes through activation of G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs). However, the mechanisms by which many of the neuropeptides regulate specific neural function and behaviors remain undefined. Here we investigate the functions of Drosulfakinin (DSK), the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK), which is the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system. We provide biochemical evidence that sulfated DSK-1 and DSK-2 activate the CCKLR-17D1 receptor in a cell culture assay. We further examine the role of DSK and CCKLR-17D1 in the regulation of larval locomotion, both in a semi-intact larval preparation and in intact larvae under intense light exposure. Our results suggest that DSK/CCKLR-17D1 signaling promote larval body wall muscle contraction and is necessary for mediating locomotor behavior in stress-induced esc...
Immunologic response of hamsters to influenza virus strains.

SummaryAntisera prepared in hamsters by the intranasal instillation of allantoic fluids containing influenza virus were type-specific when used in the complement-fixation test with the soluble antigens; group- or subtype-specific (e.g. A prime) when used in the complement fixation test with the allantoic fluid antigen, and strain-specific in hemagglutination-inhibition tests.It appears that the hamster is an animal best suited for quick identification of influenza viruses. It is suggested that their sera be used for systematic classification of strains.
Breakup of the H2 molecule by xuv laser pulses: A time-dependent treatment in prolate spheroidal coordinates

We present theoretical predictions for one-photon double-ionization of H2 by an xuv laser pulse. The results were obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in prolate spheroidal coordinates. Good agreement is obtained with predictions from other time-dependent and time-independent calculations, except for the recent "exterior complex scaling" treatment by Tao et al. (Phys. Rev. A 82 023423).
Densities of dopamine D2 receptors are reduced in CNS regions of alcohol-preferring P rats

The densities of dopamine D2 recognition sites labelled with [3H]sulpiride were determined in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens (medial and lateral portions), olfactory tubercle, substantia nigra (pars reticulata and pars compacta), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of alcohol-naive, selectively bred P (N = 7) and NP (N = 7) rats using quantitative autoradiography. The binding of [3H]sulpiride was 20–25% lower (P < 0.05) in the caudate-putamen, medial and lateral nucleus accumbens, and VTA of the P compared with the NP rats. No significant differences were observed between the P and NP rats in the olfactory tubercle or substantia nigra. [3H]Sulpiride binding, using standard membrane preparations, established with Scatchard analysis that the difference in the densities of D2 recognition sites in the caudate-putamen between the P and NP rats was due to lower Bmax values for the P line. The results indicate that the number of dopamine D2 receptor sites is lower in several central nervous system regions of the P rats compared to NP rats.
Universal Development and L1–L2 Convergence in Bilingual Construal of Manner in Speech and Gesture in Mandarin, Japanese, and English

This article investigates bilingual versus monolingual construal of manner of motion in speech and gesture across three languages--Mandarin, Japanese, and English--argued to be typologically distinct in speech and co-speech gesture (Brown & Chen, 2013; McNeill, 2001; Slobin, 2004b; Talmy, 1991). Narrative descriptions of motion were elicited in the L1 and L2 from bilingual Mandarin-English (n=12) and Japanese-English (n=15) speakers at an intermediate, CEFR-B level of L2 proficiency, and from monolingual speakers of Mandarin (n=14), Japanese (n=16), and English (n=13). Results revealed that encoding of manner in L2 speech is characterized by universal features of development, while construal of manner in gesture is characterized by bidirectional interactions between properties of the source and target languages involved, yielding a convergence between the L1 and L2, specifically in the use of manner-highlighting gestures. The study supports growing evidence of the complex interrelationships between the L1 and L2, the need for a reconceptualization of what constitutes target-like performance in the L2, and the complementary use of gesture analysis, which may provide a wider lens through which the relationships between languages in the bilingual mind may be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The peripheral blood flow under basal conditions in normal male subjects in the third decade

Abstract By means of a method which has been employed by us in other studies,1–7 seventy-five measurements of the peripheral blood flow in c.c./M2/Min. were made on thirty-four normal male subjects. In addition, the basal metabolic rates, blood pressures, and pulse rates were recorded. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. 1. The peripheral blood flow under basal conditions at 25° C. room temperature showed a range from 8 to 78 c.c./M2/Min. in all instances except one, in which it was consistently higher. Peripheral blood flow was usually less with a lower basal metabolic rate and greater with a higher basal metabolic rate. The average for all subjects at this temperature was 52 c.c./M2/Min. The peripheral blood flow of the subjects who were studied at 27° C. room temperature ranged from 34 to 157 c.c./M2/Min. except for two instances, in which it was 8 and 13 c.c./M2/Min., respectively. Again, the peripheral blood flow usually varied in the same direction as the basal metabolic rate. The average for all subjects at this temperature was 73 c.c./M2/Min. There was overlapping of the level of peripheral blood flow at the two room temperatures, but, on the average, the flow was greater at the higher temperature. In four subjects who were studied at both room temperatures, the peripheral blood flow was greater at the higher room temperature. 2. 2. The average basal metabolic rate was the same in the two groups; that is to say, it was minus 6 per cent at 25° C., and minus 5 per cent at 27° C. Small increases in basal metabolism were recorded in 60 per cent of the experiments at the end of a morning's observations, and small decreases in 40 per cent. These changes were not of sufficient magnitude to be considered significant. 3. 3. The average rectal, skin, hand, and foot temperatures were higher at the higher room temperatures (27° C.). The increase in average surface temperature was approximately 0.4° C. for each degree rise in room temperature. At the same time, the average rise in rectal temperature was small. This constancy in rectal temperature appears to have been brought about by the allocation of more blood to the surface of the body at the higher room temperature. 4. 4. The blood pressure and pulse rate were normal in each instance, and there were essentially no differences in the averages for the subjects who were studied at 25° C. and those at 27° C.
POSTER: Leveraging Deep Memory Hierarchies for Data Staging in Coupled Data-Intensive Simulation Workflows

Next generation in-situ/in-transit data processing has been proposed for addressing data challenges at extreme scales. However, further research is necessary in order to understand how growing data sizes from data intensive simulations coupled with limited DRAM capacity in High End Computing clusters will impact the effectiveness of this approach. In this work, we propose using deep memory levels for data staging, utilizing a multi-tiered data staging method with both DRAM and solid state disk (SSD). This approach allows us to support both code coupling and data management for data intensive simulations in cluster environment. We also show how an application-aware data placement mechanism can dynamically manage and optimize data placement across DRAM and SSD storage levels in staging method. We present experimental results on Sith - an Infiniband cluster at Oak Ridge, and evaluate its performance using combustion (S3D) and fusion (XGC) simulations.
Characteristics of 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line CEM.

Cholesterol and related compounds can give rise to oxygenated sterol molecules (oxysterols) which are potent regulators of lymphoid cell growth. Oxysterols added exogenously cause cell death of several lines of cultured cells, and on the basis of limited criteria, it has been suggested that this death is apoptosis. In the present study, we show definitive evidence that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) kills cells of the clone CEM-C7 by apoptosis and establish the temporal sequence of related cellular and biochemical events. Cell shrinkage was evident as early as 12 h, while cell death was not evident until after 24 h. It mounted rapidly after that, and by 72 h, virtually all cells were dead. Electron microscopic analysis shows that by 24 h after treatment and before the onset of cell death, early ultrastructural features typical of apoptosis were present. DNA breaks were detected by TUNEL assay prior to the onset of cell death. Two types of specific DNA pieces often associated with apoptosis were found as increasing numbers of cells died. DNA fragments of 300 and 50 kbp were not appreciable until 42 h, and internucleosomal cleavage was observed by 48 h after oxysterol addition. None of these effects were seen in an oxysterol-resistant CEM subclone, establishing the specificity for apoptosis of the biochemical and morphological events. z-VAD.FMK, a peptide inhibitor of ICE-related proteases delayed but did not prevent the apoptosis of CEM-C7 cells induced by 25OHC. The addition of mevalonate partially protected CEM-C7 cells from apoptosis but did not restore cell growth.
Foreign policy and national identity: A comparison of Ukraine and Belarus

(1995). Foreign policy and national identity: A comparison of Ukraine and Belarus. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 1125-1144.
A Spontaneously Regressing Pseudolymphoma in a Dog Resembling Pseudo-Hodgkin's Disease.

Abstract— A case report of a dog with a lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorder of the skin, third eyelids and lymph nodes is presented. Skin biopsies showed a nodular to diffuse cellular proliferation of lymphohistiocytic cells with many cytological features of malignancy. Numerous Reed-Sternberg cells were present. The pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma with cytological features of Hodgkin's disease. The dog experienced a spontaneous remission which has lasted for over three years. Resume— Le cas clinique d'un chien presentant un desordre proliferatif lymphohistiocytaire de la peau, des troisiemes paupieres et des ganglions lymphatiques est presente. Des biopsies de peau ont motre une proliferation de nature nodulaire a diffuse des cellules lymphohistiocytaires avec plusieurs caracteres cytologiques de malignite. De nombreuses cellules de Reed-Sternberg etaient presentes. Le diagnostic histologique etait celui d'un lymphome malin avec des signes cytologiques de maladie de Hodgkin. Le chien a presente une remission spontanee qui a dure plus de 3 ans. Zusammenfassung— Der Fallbericht eines Hundes mit einer lymphohistiozytaren, proliferativen Erkrankung von Haut, Nickhauten und Lymphknoten wird beschrieben. Die Untersuchung von Hautbiopsien erbrachte eine nodulare bis diffuse zellulare Proliferation der lymphohistiozytaren Zellen mit zahlreichen zytologischen Anzeichen fur maligne Veranderungen. Zahlreiche Reed-Sternberg-Zellen traten auf. Die pathologische Diagnose lautete “malignes Lymphom mit zytologischen Merkmalen der Hodgkinschen Erkrankung”. Es kam zu einer spontanen Remission, die sich uber drei Jahre erstreckte. Resumen Se describe un caso de una enfermedad linfohistiocitica proliferativa que afectaba a la piel, al tercer parpado y a los ganglios linfaticos. Las biopsias cutaneas mostraron una proliferacion nodular a difusa de celulas linfoides con caracteristicas de malignidad. Se apreciaban numerosas celulas de Reed-Sternberg. El diagnostico histopatologico fue linfoma maligno con caracteristicas citologicas de enfermedad de Hodgkin. El perro sufrio una remision espontanea que duro mas de tres anos.
Silicon drift detectors as tracking devices

Abstract Silicon drift detectors provide unambiguous two-dimensional position information for charged particle detection in a single detector layer. Like most other semi-conductor technologies, Silicon drift detectors are presently used in vertexing detectors. By taking into account, the drastic reduction in channel count compared to other silicon-based devices this specific technology is also well suited for large coverage tracking detectors. The first larger area Silicon Drift Tracker (6.3 cm ×6.3 cm ) was developed as the inner tracking detector (SVT) of the STAR experiment at the RHIC collider. Advantages and limitations of this detector will be discussed. Recent results of detector performance based on an application in a heavy ion fixed target experiment at the BNL-AGS (E896) are presented.