cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Singular Cauchy problems in symmetric spaces

1. In this paper we will develop, in the context of general harmonic analysis on certain symmetric spaces, a far reaching extension of the classical theory of Euler-Poisson-Darboux (EPD) equations. A preliminary sketch of the general situation appears in Carroll [4; 51 whereas certain special cases in the group context were treated in Carroll-Silver [8,9, lo] and in Silver [21]. The classical situation goes back to Weinstein (see e.g. [27]) and we will make no attempt here to give extensive references (see e.g. [l, 7, lo] for bibliography). A resume of the present results appears in Carroll [6] and additional material will appear in [7]. For notation and background material we refer to Flensted-Jensen [Ill, Helgason [12, 13, 14, 15, 161, Vilenkin [24], Wallach [25], and Warner [26]. We are grateful to S. Helgason, R. Langebartel, and R. Ranga Rao for helpful comments relevant to this work.
A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation

Studies in adrenocortical cells have implicated the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in the gene regulation of the steroid hydroxylases. We used targeted disruption of the Ftz-F1 gene, which encodes SF-1, to examine its role in intact mice. Despite normal survival in utero, all Ftz-F1 null animals died by postnatal day 8; these animals lacked adrenal glands and gonads and were severely deficient in corticosterone, supporting adrenocortical insufficiency as the probable cause of death. Male and female Ftz-F1 null mice had female internal genitalia, despite complete gonadal agenesis. These studies establish that the Ftz-F1 gene is essential for sexual differentiation and formation of the primary steroidogenic tissues.
The Moral Education of Global Citizens

Global citizenship education is one of the fastest growing educational reform movements today. Although still in its incipient stages, it has support from all corners— teacher unions, governments, corporations, foundations, global institutions, etc.—and thus it is likely to continue on its growth curve. It is best understood as a pedagogical response to the problems, challenges, and opportunities of globalization: migration, cultural difference, environmental crises, and a growing list of global social problems. The world seemingly gets smaller and smaller, boundaries appear to fade away, and we feel more and more connected to corners of the globe that previously felt, quite literally, half a world away. In response to these transformations, schools around the world are focusing their curricular and extra-curricular attention on expanding the consciousness of their students to prepare them for the opportunities and challenges of a global society. For centuries, schools have been interested in forming the next generation of members for society. In the modern era, this notion has taken the form of citizen formation for the nation-state. The efforts to form global citizens, in some ways, are simply the next logical step in this long development. Our society is now global, so proponents argue, and naturally our schools must begin preparing members for this society. Just as educators in earlier periods of massive societal transition attempted to adjust schooling in order to make education relevant, teachers in the twenty-first century are attempting to make students into “global citizens” equipped with the consciousness and competencies needed to prosper in a more tolerant, just and peaceful world. But beyond this, global citizenship education, like all pedagogical ideals, represents a vision of the good. At the level of these more fundamental moral purposes, a subtle contradiction lies at the heart of global citizenship education: it demands moral commitment and empathy beyond the individual and his/her own interests, but at the same time it sacralizes the individual autonomous chooser above all other forms. The implicit effort attempts to make students into secular, liberal, consumer-oriented cosmopolitan subjects. Global citizens should minimize individual interests and demonstrate their commitment to an abstract group, but the underlying philosophical anthropology is highly Western and individualistic. The universal humanity that represents the deepest longings of proponents of global citizenship education requires significant commitment to others beyond the self. But its strategies undermine and erode local attachments and group belonging, important sources of identity, meaning, and commitment beyond the self. Whether real or aspired to, welcomed or opposed, global citizenship education is widely held to be a revolutionary paradigm shift in our schooling practices. Upon closer inspection, it turns out to be the latest chapter in one particular narrative of Western modernity, a long story of liberating individuals from group identities.
The role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress causes damage to cell function with aging and is involved in a number of age-related disorders including atherosclerosis, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and Alzheimer disease (AD). The neurodegenerative disorder receiving the most attention has been AD, in which an increase occurs in oxidation of brain lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA. Some of the products of oxidation have been found in the major histopathologic alterations in AD: the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques (reviewed in Markesbery and Carney 1 and Ceballos-Picot 2 ). These oxidative modifications are closely associated with a subtle inflammatory process in the brain in AD. Oxidative stress refers to a state in which free radicals and their products are in excess of antioxidant defense mechanisms. This imbalance can occur as a result of increased free radical production or a decrease in antioxidant defenses. Free radicals are defined as any atom or molecule that has one or more unpaired electrons in its outer shell. The reduction of molecular oxygen to water is a major source of potent radicals. The initial step in this reaction yields the superoxide radical, which produces hydrogen peroxide by addition of an electron. The reduction of hydrogen peroxide yields the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. These radicals plus singlet oxygen are called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite also are important modulators of oxidative stress. These free radicals and others are capable of reacting with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules and altering their structure and function. Oxidative stress can lead to alterations in cells with an accumulation of oxidized products such as aldehydes and isoprostanes from lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls from protein oxidation, and base ad
Boundaries and Conflict in the Mano River Region of West Africa

The porous and contestable features of African boundaries are two interacting themes that are closely linked to the emergence and spread of conflict in Africa in the last decade. This study uses the Mano River Region—Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Ivory Coast—to illustrate how border issues contribute to the perpetuation of insecurity. Border evolution is traced from precolonial to colonial to the postindependence period to include the details of how the countries of the Mano River Region attained their current dimensions. The focus then shifts to the current decade, when violence in one country stimulated a similar phenomenon in a neighboring state until the entire region was enveloped. Several facets of porous borders facilitated this pattern to include the flow of weapons, the movement of former combatants, and the transnational exploitation of resources. Contestable borders have not been as much of a factor in stimulating conflict, but, given the current political and economic malaise in Africa, t...
Diffuse bone marrow metastases from glioblastoma multiforme: The role of dural invasion

Two cases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) diffusely metastatic to bone marrow are presented; both patients developed back pain, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic diatheses from their diffuse bony disease. In one patient the intracranial and extracranial symptoms were synchronous in their presentation. Both patients had known dural involvement by GBM at the time of craniotomy and dural venous invasion microscopically. Tumor infiltration of dura and dural vessels is a significant mechanism for extracranial spread and should be noted by surgical pathologists in their reports if it is found. Although cases of metastatic GBM have been uncommon in the past, especially without antecedent surgery or ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, better control of local disease may enhance the possibility of extracranial spread in the future from GBM. The finding of dural invasion by GBM either at surgery or microscopically should prompt oncologists to initiate at least a limited metastatic work-up for this subset of GBM patients.
Hormonal treatment of lactating rats on a protein-free diet.

Seven groups of 5–6 primiparous Long-Evans rats, each with 4 pups, were fed a protein-free diet and injected with hormones during a 20-day lactation period. The daily treatment, the percentage of young weaned and their average weights were: 1) no hormone, 16.6%, 13.3 g; 2) 5 mg mammotrophin, 70%, 14.2 g; 3) 5 mg mammotrophin +0.2 mg prednisolone, 62.5 %, 16 g; 4) 0.2 mg prednisolone, 45%, 15 g; 5) 1 mg somatotrophin, 5%, 15.0 g; 6) 1 mg somatotrophin +0.2 mg prednisolone, 100%, 14.5 g; 7) 5 mg mammotrophin+1 mg somatotrophin+0.2 mg prednisolone, 80%, 18.3 g. The regimens including either mammotrophin, which is lactogenic in rats, or the adjunct lactogenic corticoid (prednisolone) improved lactation, whereas somatotrophin alone was not beneficial. (Endocrinology 78: 575, 1966)
de Haas-van Alphen Effect and Internal Field in Iron

The discovery of long-period deHaas-van Alphen oscillations in iron is reported. Speculation that there might be some intrinsic reason whereby the existence of ferromagnetism would inhibit the effect was ended. The iron single crystals were whiskers'' of 8-mm length and 0.1 mm thickness. The de Haas-van Alphen oscillations were observed between 1 and 2 nif- K, using the impulsive-field technique under resonance conditions, with the whiskers oriented parallel to the field. Results obtained suggest that the usual theory of the de Haas-van Alphen effect can be applied to conduction electrons in a ferromagnetic metal when the applied field is replaced by the total field. (C.E.S.)
Globalization of African American Vernacular English in popular culture: Blinglish in Korean Hip Hop

This study examines crossing (Bucholtz 1999; Cutler 1999; Rampton 1995) in Korean hip hop Blinglish as a case study of globalization of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) in popular culture. Blinglish in Korean hip hop can be understood as a prime example of “English from below” (Preisler 1999) to informally express subcultural identity and style. The findings of the study suggest that AAVE features appear at different linguistic levels including lexis, phonology, and morpho-syntax in Korean hip hop Blinglish but do not demonstrate the same degree of AAVE penetration, with a frequency-related hierarchy emerging among these linguistic components. The area of Korean hip hop Blinglish with the heaviest crossing influence from AAVE is found to be lexis followed by phonology. The presence of AAVE syntactic features is somewhat restricted in type and occurrence, indicating that the verbal markers in AAVE are considerably varied and intricate, and syntactic elements are not as easily crossed by non-AAVE speakers as lexical items.
Accessing the Right Brain with Bibliographic Instruction

Abstract Contemporary society and our educational institutions over-emphasize left-brained, analytical skills. This pervasive influence extends even into the library instruction classroom. This article calls for an adjustment of this left-brained paradigm, with a more holistic, right-brained, or “global” instructional approach. Background information is offered on split-brain theory, hemispheric function, and the importance of right-brain teaching techniques. The specific strategies of metaphor, visual thinking, direct experience, and fantasy are discussed with specific examples cited. A mind map, cluster diagram, and literature searching exercise are included.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF A {001} SURFACE OF THE ALLOY FeRh

The atomic structure of a {001} surface of the ordered binary alloy FeRh (with bulk structure of the CsCl type) is studied with quantitative low energy electron diffraction. The {001} surface structure is found to be bulklike (1× 1), with the first atomic layer 100% Rh and the second 100% Fe. The first interlayer spacing is contracted by 9.8% with respect to the bulk value (1.4935A) and the second interlayer spacing is slightly expanded by 2.4%.
The effect of pedicel length on lateral kernel weight in two-six rowed near isogenic lines of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)

Fifteen backcross derived, six-rowed isogenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with the genotype vvii, nine in a six-rowed background, and six in a two-rowed background, were evaluated over 3 years for pedicel length and lateral and central kernel weight.
Analyzing Relations in Dyads: Problems, Models, and an Application to Interorganizational Research

This article deals with the application of regression models to observations on relations in dyads. I address three problems that have troubled past investigations of this sort: (1) how to incorporate measures of nodal characteristics into models explaining ties in dyads, (2) how to specify and estimate the effects of reciprocity, and (3) how to measure and control auto-correlation arising from dyads having common nodes. A model is developed that is designed to overcome these problems. An illustration is then provided via an analysis of data on interorganizational relations. The analysis yields empirical results that suggest the potential of these methods for testing certain social network theories.
Distributed deformation across the Rio Grande Rift, Great Plains, and Colorado Plateau

We use continuous measurements of GPS sites from across the Rio Grande Rift, Great Plains, and Colorado Plateau to estimate present-day surface velocities and strain rates. Velocity gradients from five east-west profiles suggest an average of ∼1.2 nanostrains/yr east-west extensional strain rate across these three physiographic provinces. The extensional deformation is not concentrated in a narrow zone centered on the Rio Grande Rift but rather is distributed broadly from the western edge of the Colorado Plateau well into the western Great Plains. This unexpected pattern of broadly distributed deformation at the surface has important implications for our understanding of how low strain-rate deformation within continental interiors is accommodated.
CO2 capture from syngas using solid CO2 sorbent and WGS catalyst

Abstract IGCC integrated with CCS has been regarded as a promising option to reduce CO 2 emission under the situation that coal is the dominant source among fossil fuels for the electricity-generation. Recently, KEPCO Research Institute proposed the new concept for the pre-combustion CO 2 capture process, which is named as one loop sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) process consisted of two fluidized bed reactors. Sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) process is combined with the water-gas shift reaction with CO 2 capture at the same time. In this study, Five MgO-based dry regenerable CO 2 sorbents and Five CuO-based water gas shift catalysts were prepared by spray-drying technique to evaluate their applicability to a fluidized-bed SEWGS process. In these sorbents, MgO-based sorbents satisfied most of the physical requirements for commercial fluidized bed reactor process along with reasonable chemical reactivity. All sorbents had a spherical shape, an average size of 108–150 μm, and a size distribution of 42–250 μm, a bulk density of 0.60–1.16 g/mL. The attrition Index (AI) of all the sorbent was below 15%, compared to about 20% for commercial fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. CO 2 sorption capacity of Sorb A was approximately 17.6 wt% at 200 °C and 21 bar with synthesis gas conditions. Spray dried CuO-based WGS catalyst showed relatively good physical properties. Most of catalyst had a spherical shape, an average size of 120–160 um, and a size distribution of 42–250 μm, a bulk density of 0.92–1.06 g/mL. Attrition Indices (AI) of Cat D and Cat E was below 10%, which is suitable for fluidized SEWGS process. CO conversion of Cat E was over 90% at 350 °C with simulated synthesis gas conditions.
A potential regulatory role for mRNA secondary structures within the prothrombin 3'UTR

The distal 3'UTR of prothrombin mRNA exhibits significant sequence heterogeneity reflecting an inexact 3'-cleavage/polyadenylation reaction. This same region encompasses a single-nucleotide polymorphism that enhances the normal post-transcriptional processing of nascent prothrombin transcripts. Both observations indicate the importance of 3'UTR structures to physiologically relevant properties of prothrombin mRNA. Using a HepG2-based model system, we mapped both the primary structures of reporter mRNAs containing the prothrombin 3'UTR, as well as the secondary structures of common, informative 3'UTR processing variants. A chromatographic method was subsequently employed to assess the effects of structural heterogeneities on the binding of candidate trans-acting regulatory factors. We observed that prothrombin 3'UTRs are constitutively polyadenylated at seven or more positions, and can fold into at least two distinct stem-loop conformations. These alternate structures expose/sequester a consensus binding site for hnRNP-I/PTB-1, a trans-acting factor with post-transcriptional regulatory properties. hnRNP-I/PTB-1 exhibits different affinities for the alternate 3'UTR secondary structures in vitro, predicting a corresponding regulatory role in vivo. These analyses demonstrate a critical link between the structure of the prothrombin 3'UTR and its normal function, providing a basis for further investigations into the molecular pathophysiology of naturally occurring polymorphisms within this region.
Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Contused Spinal Cord and Axotomized Facial Nucleus Suggest a Beneficial Role for Inflammation and Gliosis

We have studied temporal mRNA expression patterns for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in two rat injury paradigms with very different cellular inflammatory reactions: contussion of the spinal cord and axotomy of the facial nerve. Our comparative analyses using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) show an early and robust upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and M-CSF mRNAs in spinal cord after contusion injury. Peak expression of these mRNAs was transient and returned to control levels by 24 h postinjury. In contrast, expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs in the axotomized facial nucleus was minimal and delayed, and levels of M-CSF mRNA remained unaltered. Similar to injured spinal cord, the axotomized nucleus showed a dramatic and early upregulation of IL-6 mRNA, but unlike spinal cord, IL-6 mRNA levels subsided only gradually. Both injury paradigms showed gradually increasing levels of TGF-β1 mRNA which were maximal at 7 days postinjury. RT-PCR analyses were also performed on isolated blood-borne mononuclear cells and neutrophils. The results showed that these cells contain high levels of IL-1β and M-CSF mRNAs, moderate levels of TGF-β and TNF-α mRNAs, and minimal levels of IL-6 mRNA. The RT-PCR analyses together with histological observations indicate that expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 is short-lived and self-limited after contusion injury, and that it occurs primarily within endogenous glial cells. Transient expression of these molecules likely triggers secondary events which may be beneficial to wound repair and regeneration.
Minor surgery of spine

Abstract Minor surgical procedures of the spine are limited to the introduction of needles into the subarachnoid and epidural spaces and the treatment of uncomplicated fractures and deformities. The technique of lumbar and cisternal subarachnoid puncture and lumbar and caudal epidural puncture is given in detail. The technique of treating uncomplicated deformities and fractures of the spine by manipulation, traction and casts is outlined.
CURVED LANDING APPROACHES: WHERE IS THE PAYOFF FOR PATHWAY?.

Air traffic controllers, both civil and military, will soon have the ability to direct pilots to fly complex landing approaches. The imminent replacement of the Instrument Landing System (ILS) with a landing system based on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology at major airports in the United States will allow pilots to fly precision landing approaches with curved segments and varying descent angles in order to avoid noise abatement areas and decrease air traffic congestion. From a military standpoint, flying complex approaches will allow better threat avoidance and increase operational security. This paper reports the findings of an on-going program of research in the Air Force Research Laboratory designed to create and test a next-generation, head-up primary flight reference that will allow pilots to fly such paths regardless of visibility conditions. After briefly reviewing some research utilizing Pathways, the paper discusses specific examples of research that examined the effects on pilot perfor...
The thermal isomerization and cleavage of cis-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3 ,4-dimethylcyclobutane

Abstract The reversible isomerization of cis -1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3,4-dimethylcyclobutane 5 to trans -1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3,4-dimethylcyclobutane 6 at 435°-483° has been investigated: (Log A=14.8±0.2, Ea=61.1±0.5 solkcal mol ). The irreversible cleavage of the cyclobutane ring leading to the formation of 1,1-difluoropropene is competitive with the isomerization, occurring at a relative rate of 0.12 at 435°C.
Binding of sodium taurocholate by bovine serum albumin.

Abstract Studies employing equilibrium dialysis methods were made of the binding of sodium taurocholate by bovine serum albumin. In the absence of fatty acids a maximum of one (1.01 ± 31) mole of sodium taurocholate is bound per mole of albumin. The dissociation constant was found to be 8.21 · 10−5 ± 0.26 · 10−5 M. The presence of 1 · 10−4 M sodium oleate increases the maximum stoichiometry of binding to 3 moles of bile salt per mole of bovine serum albumin. However, the fatty acid did not appreciably alter the dissociation constant.
The Talk of Tamils in Multilingual Montreal: A Study of Intersecting Language Ideologies in Nationalist Quebec

In Montreal, racial, caste, socioeconomic, and gender inequalities are often masked as neutral-seeming linguistic differences of dialect, register, and accent. These sociolinguistic hierarchies are upheld by intersecting language ideologies, or essentialised beliefs about language use and ethnic identity. Quebec nationalist and multicultural policies endorse language ideologies of linguistic purity and sociolinguistic compartmentalisation to depict a cohesive nation while maintaining its racial and ethnic distinctions. Similarly, Montreal Tamil diaspora leaders encourage different Tamil-speaking groups to participate in sociolinguistically segregated domains to preserve purist linguistic standards and maintain socioeconomic, caste, and gender distinctions. Heritage language programmes reproduce these language-based distinctions for differentiating between types of Quebecois citizens, while Montreal Tamil youth selectively challenge or endorse such prescriptions to produce a range of social identities and linguistic practices that correspond to their experiences as ethnic and racial minorities.
A Healthcare Provider’s View of Progress on the Ground

Some of the best minds in the state participated in the Berkeley Forum for Improving California’s Healthcare Delivery System. As individuals and organizations, they have worked for decades to improve the quality, accessibility and affordability of care in California. In the Forum they worked to define initiatives that would be feasible, evidence-driven, reflective of the realities of California, and likely to substantially reduce healthcare expenditures in California. They laid out a series of recommendations that form a clear pathway to integrated care and more effective use of resources via risk-adjusted global budgets. For provider groups and health systems eager to assume more risk as a means to integrate and improve care, it was a clarion call. Of the seven initiatives called for in the Forum Report, the first two – global budgets/integrated care systems and patient centered medical homes – promise the greatest leverage in transforming health systems and represent more than three-fourths of the total projected reductions in expenditures. Since the issuance of the report, however, the momentum of the market has swung ever more decisively against these recommendations. While Medi-Cal has steadily increased the proportion of beneficiaries in managed care, commercial enrollment in risk-based products has continued to fall, in large part because commercial HMOs have lost their price advantage and employers cannot get reliable cost and utilization data from capitated networks. For providers, transforming healthcare has proven to be a slower and less certain task than they had expected. Instead of managing risk for populations,
Variation of capacitance with temperature in single crystal phenanthrene

Abstract The dielectric properties of single crystal phenanthrene were investigated using a capacitance bridge (10 −5 pF sensitivity) over the temperature range 25–79°C. Unusual behavior was observed which depended upon the rate and direction of temperature change.
Evaluation and treatment of female sexual disorders

Prevalence data suggest that more than 40% of women experience sexual problems and that 12% of these women are distressed by the problem. In the 1960s, Masters and Johnson introduced what is now considered the classic linear model of female sexual response based on a physiologic foundation. Recently, Rosemary Basson introduced a nonlinear interconnected model which emphasizes the importance of emotional intimacy and satisfaction as integral components of the female sexual response cycle. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV TR), there are six female sexual disorders: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, aversion disorder, sexual arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder, vaginismus, and dyspareunia. Despite the high prevalence, few healthcare professionals take the time or feel adequately trained to assess and treat these sexual problems. Sexuality questionnaires play an integral role in the diagnosis and treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions. They are used to (1) identify/diagnose individuals with a particular dysfunction, (2) assess the severity of the dysfunction, (3) measure improvement or satisfaction with treatment, (4) examine the impact of the dysfunction on the individual’s quality of life (relationship satisfaction, mood, sexual confidence), and (5) study the impact of the dysfunction on the partner and his or her quality of life. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are increasingly important in both clinical practice and research settings. The instruments reviewed have played a significant role in furthering our understanding of the impact of female sexual function on the patient and partner and its treatment. It is important for the clinician and researcher to familiarize themselves with the best available measures for identifying specific dysfunctions, measuring distress due to the sexual dysfunction, assessing treatment efficacy, and objectively evaluating the quality of life issues of women with these dysfunctions. However, even the best PRO cannot replace the clinician–patient interview and the careful gathering of the patient’s sexual history. PROs should always be interpreted and integrated with the woman’s history.
Co-integration of high speed InP-based HBTs and RTDs using chemical beam epitaxy

CBE is used to co-integrate InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) for the first time to reduce the complexity of conventional digital circuit technology. The integrated transistors have maximum dc and differential current gain of ∼ 53.6 and 122, respectively, with breakdown voltages V ceo ≃ 6 V and V cbo ≃ 9 V. For microwave performance, the maximum f T and f max are ∼77 (63) and ∼60 (53) GHz after (before) the onset of negative differential resistance. For digital circuit application, the HBT + RTD structure was used to build bistable mode low power monolithic integrated circuits, including a NAND gate, an inverted majority gate and a NOR gate.
Bacterial growth and histamine production on vacuum packaged tuna

Vacuum and nonvacuum packaged samples of tuna or tuna spiked with Klebsiella oxytoca T2, Morganella morganii JM or Hafnia alvei T8 were stored at 2°C and 10°C and examined for bacterial growth and histamine production on day 3, 6, 10 and 15. Unlike those stored at 2°C, tuna samples stored at 100°C showed significant bacterial growth over time and had high levels of histamine (>200 mg/100g tuna on day 15). Vacuum packaging did not show any beneficial effect in controlling bacterial growth and histamine production on tuna samples at these two temperatures. Low temperature storage was more effective than vacuum packaging in controlling histamine production by the bacteria tested.
86-Year-Old Man With Atrial Fibrillation and Dyspnea on Exertion

dicine, te ester, o t in ne, , MN A n 86-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and lower extremity venous stasis ulcers presented to our primary care clinic to establish care. He had dyspnea on exertion that had worsened from baseline limiting his capacity to perform basic activities of daily living including getting dressed. He also had progressive lower extremity swelling for several years and had received ongoing treatment of his venous stasis ulcers from a local vascular surgeon. The patient was taking metoprolol tartrate, 25 mg twice a day, for symptomatic AF diagnosed at an outside institution. His other medications included fish oil and aspirin, 325 mg daily. He reported no nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use or excessive salt intake. He had not experienced any cough, sputumproduction, angina, syncope, presyncope, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, or sleep apnea and did not use tobacco or alcohol. On examination, thepatientwas able to speak in full sentences but with difficulty. His blood pressure was 135/89 mm Hg, pulse rate was 93 beats/min, respiratory rate was 18 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation was 97% while breathing room air. His body mass index was 26 kg/m. Cardiovascular examination revealed an irregularly irregular rhythm, normal S1 and S2, and no murmurs, rubs, gallops, or heaves. The point of maximal impulse was enlarged and laterally displaced. There was mild jugular venous distention with a jugular venous pressure of 9 cm and normal waveforms. On pulmonary examination, bibasilar crackles without wheeze were noted. Abdominal examination findings were normal. Examination of the lower extremities revealed 3þ pitting edema involving both knees and healing venous stasis ulcers.
Oligodendrocyte transmembrane protein: a novel member of the glutamate-binding protein subfamily.

Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are cells from the central nervous system that synthesize, assemble, and maintain myelin, the multilamellar membrane that surrounds axons and facilitates the fast conduction of nerve impulses. We have shown that OLGs initiate their myelinogenic phenotype upon adhesion to GRASP, a heparin-binding glycoprotein that we purified from horse serum. In an attempt to identify the genes implicated in establishing this phenotype, we isolated a novel 3500 bp cDNA related to, but distinct from, a subfamily of glutamate-binding proteins (GBP). The cDNA encodes a protein of 511 amino acids, whose predicted sequence can be modeled as a tetrahelical integral protein with a large external loop and with the N- and C-termini located inside the cell. We have named this protein oligodendrocyte transmembrane protein (OTMP). Transcription of the message is induced upon OLG acquiring a myelinogenic phenotype (i.e., upon adhesion). The temporal expression in conjunction with the structural and biochemical features of OTMP is suggestive of a signaling receptor with a role in myelinogenesis.
A test for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.

Abstract A study of temporary threshold shift (TTS) was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) to develop a simple, reliable, and easily administered test procedure which could be widely used in field testing; (2) to express the data obtained in a manner useful in predicting susceptibility to noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS); and (3) to develop a field test protocol useful in studying the presumed relation between NIPTS and TTS. The test developed uses the Rudmose ARJ-4 Automatic Audiometer as both the noise source and the audiometric test instrument. The findings are in good agreement with those of previous investigators. They show a high dependence of TTS on initial threshold, with a standard deviation from regression of 6.2 dB. This dependence permits the establishment of criteria for high-risk individuals. As part of a hearing conservation program, a plan is proposed to study the relation between TTS and NIPTS of individuals who may be susceptible without risk to the subjects exp...
Hepatic Events Associated with Atomoxetine Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: This study describes and assesses potential hepatobiliary events related to atomoxetine therapy, as reported in clinical trials and as spontaneous adverse event reports post-launch in 2002.
Autonomous Synthesis of Goal-Oriented Behaviors for Planetary Robotic Sampling

An intelligent robotic architecture that autonomously synthesizes goal-oriented behaviors, while connecting sensing and action in real-time, is presented with applications to loosely defined planetary sampling missions. By the goal-oriented behaviors, we mean sequences of actions generated from automatic task monitoring and replanning toward set goals in the presence of uncertainties as well as errors and faults. This architecture is composed of perception and action nets interconnected in closed loops. The perception net, represented as a hierarchy of features that can be extracted from physical as well as logical sensors, manages uncertainties with sensor fusion, sensor planning, and consistency maintenance. The action net, represented as a hierarchy of state transition in which all the possible system behaviors are embedded, generates robust and fault-tolerant system behaviors with on-line adaptive task monitoring and replanning. The proposed intelligent robotic architecture is significant for autonomous planetary robotic sampling -- and related robotic tasks in unstructured environments -- that require robust and fault tolerant behaviors due to expected uncertainties as well as errors in sensing, actuation, and environmental constraints. We use a typical Mars planetary sampling scenario to evaluate the proposed architecture; autonomous soil science where a robot arm trenches soil to examine and deposit soil samples to lander based science instrumentation.
Cellular competition in the development of ocular tissues in allophenic mice.

Abstract C 57 BL 6 mice exhibit impaired lens development as evidenced by competition studies with allophenic (chimeric) mice. Strain-specific differences in electrophoretic forms of glucose phosphate isomerase were exploited to determine the strain composition of various ocular and nonocular tissues in allophenic mice constructed from C 57 BL 6 and DBA 2 strains. As expected, there was variation from one animal to the next in overall mosaic composition, as well as variation among most ocular and nonocular tissues within individual animals. In contrast, when individual lenses from the same animals were assayed there was a marked and consistent deficiency of the C 57 BL 6 component. Control experiments indicated that these results are not the consequence of peculiarities of marker enzyme expression in the lens. Since lens formation occurs early in embryogenesis any anomaly at this stage could influence the normal induction of later ocular structures. We believe that the impaired lens-forming capacity of C 57 BL 6 mice may be the underlying cause of the 5–10% frequency of overt ocular defects in this strain.
Membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein reliably and uniquely marks cells through apoptotic death

Background An understanding of the molecular processes that comprise the program of physiological cell death demands analytical techniques for the assessment of death events on the level of the individual cell, especially among transfectants and within heterogeneous populations. The utility of available transfection markers is limited by the variability of marker retention and discrimination as cells die. For example, soluble green fluorescent protein (GFP) leaks from dying cells and is not useful when fixation is required; conversely, transfected β-galactosidase can be visualized only after fixation and staining. Methods We have tested a GFP variant as a marker for the direct identification and visualization of transfected cells. We have explored the utility of this membrane-targeted GFP, the genetic fusion of the enhanced GFP and the farnesylation sequence of p21Ras (EGFP-F), in a variety of cell death assays. Results EGFP-F is retained reliably in unfixed dying cells, permitting numerous events of the cell death process to be analyzed in real time in marked cells. Moreover, the cell rounding and shrinkage associated with the loss of adhesion during cell death result in a characteristic condensed EGFP-F signal. Conclusions EGFP-F serves to identify transfectants consistently, independent of their ultimate fate. Cellular condensation of EGFP-F provides a specific and quantitative measure of physiological cell death. Cytometry 43:273-278, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
SETI and the media: Views from inside and out

Abstract Results are presented from a detailed questionnaire sent to members of the international SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) community and the international science media. Both groups are compared on the following dimensions: perceived importance of SETI, perceived level of information about SETI available to the media and public, perceived credibility of SETI, and attitudes toward information policy options to govern an announcement of a SETI discovery. The results indicate that SETI is perceived to be an extremely important endeavor, but it enjoys only marginal credibility among the public and the SETI community's professional constituencies. Both the SETI community and the media agree that an erroneous announcement of a discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence could be very damaging. In order to minimize the dangers of false announcement and to bring a degree of order to SETI, a scientific protocol agreement and the establishment of a contact verification committee have been recommended. Both received endorsement from the SETI community and the international science media. The science media feels that from its viewpoint, a contact verification committee would be a more effective way of assuring accurate information about SETI programs and discoveries.
Nurse residency program: best practices for optimizing organizational success

A nurse residency program's best practice recommendations are presented within this article and are organized around three processes: establishing the program infrastructure, creating a multistaged evidence-based program, and sustaining the program through appropriate evaluation and dissemination of results. These recommendations represent lessons learned and key findings derived from a team of academic and nursing professional development educators after 7 years of residency program implementation at multiple rural and urban hospital sites. Organizations, regardless of size and resources, can use these recommendations to increase the likelihood of building a successful residency program.
Universal features of the equation of state of metals

The zero-temperature equation of state of metals, in the absence of phase transitions, is shown to be accurately predicted from zero-pressure data. Upon appropriate scaling of experimental pressure-volume data a simple universal relation is found. These results provide further experimental confirmation of the recent observation that the total-binding-energy---versus---separation relations for metals obey a universal scaling relation. Important to our results is a parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$, which is a measure of the anharmonicity of a crystal. This parameter is shown to be essential in predicting the equation of state. A simple formula is given which predicts the zero-temperature derivative of the bulk modulus with respect to pressure.
An Investigation of Current Practices in Management Rotations in Dietetic Internships

An Investigation of Current Practices in Management Rotations in Dietetic Internships Emily Vaterlaus Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, BYU Master of Science Background: Leadership and management skills are critical to moving the dietetics profession forward; acquisition of those skills begins in the Dietetic Internship (DI). This study examined DI program components related to higher mean scores on the Foodservice and Management domain of the Registration Examination for Dietitians and compared Program Director and Preceptor perceptions of management rotation structure. Methods: All 242 DI Program Directors (excluding sponsoring institution) received a 47-item electronic questionnaire. Directors provided contact information for up to three DI management rotation primary preceptors. Preceptors received a 35-item electronic questionnaire regarding their perception of interns’ management skill development. Analyses included Stepwise regression, Fisher’s Exact test, Pearson’s correlation, and Chi-squared. Results: 125 Program Directors (51%) and 63 of 100 preceptors (63%) responded. Greater time spent working with front line staff rather than upper management levels was associated with lower Foodservice and Management domain scores on the RD Examination, but program emphasis/concentration and length of time in management rotations were not related. Directors and Preceptors have similar perceptions of most aspects of management rotations, but they perceive barriers to management experiences differently. More Preceptors than Directors felt sensitive issues like budget and personnel, students’ attitude and knowledge base, and inadequate time frame interfered with “appropriate exposure to practical management” (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Structuring management rotations to spend more time working at upper levels of management and addressing preceptors’ perceptions of barriers to meaningful experiences should increase the effectiveness of management skill acquisition and attitudes toward management among interns.
Changes in electron density and collision frequency at University Park, Pennsylvania during the stratospheric warming of 1967/68

Abstract The electron density and collision frequency profiles obtained from the high power wave interaction observations at The Pennsylvania State University were examined for possible changes during the stratospheric warming of December 1967 to January 1968. The electron density increased quite sharply above 70 kilometers with maximum enhancement (about a factor of 10) at about 75 to 80 km. No change was observed in the collision frequency at heights between 50 and 90 km, and there was no significant change in the electron density below 70 km. From examination of the electron density and absorption data it appears that the effect began early December, 1967, reached a maximum between December 25 and January 1, and ended about January 20, 1968. There is some indication that the diurnal variation in electron density at 80 km became slower during the warming than during normal days, possibly indicating increasing control of ionization production through Lα.
Effects of modified orthography on the identification of printed words.

Abstract Research has shown that instructional methods involving pairing pictures with print interfere with identification of written words. Preliminary evidence, however, indicates that use of modified orthography (where a line drawing is superimposed upon the printed word) may be effective for reading instruction with individuals who have mental retardation. In the present study, we used a single-subject parallel treatments design with 4 adults who had moderate to severe mental retardation. They received reading instruction under two conditions—traditional and modified orthography. Results showed that traditional orthography was a more effective method for word identification. The relative advantage of modified orthography over traditional orthography for individuals with mental retardation was not supported.
Free amino acids of cytoplasmic fractions of liver.

SummaryThe concentrations of 13 free amino acids were determined in mitochondrial preparations of liver and in the supernatant fluid. Appreciable concentrations of the amino acids were found and, in general, these increased during a 2-hour period of incubation.
Survey of lepton number violation via effective operators

We survey 129 lepton number violating effective operators, consistent with the minimal standard model gauge group and particle content, of mass dimension up to and including 11. Upon requiring that each one radiatively generates the observed neutrino masses, we extract an associated characteristic cutoff energy scale which we use to calculate other observable manifestations of these operators for a number of current and future experimental probes, concentrating on lepton number violating phenomena. These include searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay and rare meson, lepton, and gauge boson decays. We also consider searches at hadron/lepton collider facilities in anticipation of the CERN LHC and the future ILC. We find that some operators are already disfavored by current data, while more are ripe to be probed by next-generation experiments. We also find that our current understanding of lepton mixing disfavors a subset of higher dimensional operators. While neutrinoless double-beta decay is the most promising signature of lepton number violation for the majority of operators, a handful is best probed by other means. We argue that a combination of constraints from various independent experimental sources will help to pinpoint the ''correct'' model of neutrino mass, or at least aid in narrowing down the setmore » of possibilities.« less
Spectroscopic test of bose-einstein statistics for photons.

Using Bose-Einstein-statistics-forbidden two-photon excitation in atomic barium, we have limited the rate of statistics-violating transitions, as a fraction $\ensuremath{\nu}$ of an equivalent statistics-allowed transition rate, to $\ensuremath{\nu}l4.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ at the 90% confidence level. This is an improvement of more than 3 orders of magnitude over the best previous result. Additionally, hyperfine-interaction enabling of the forbidden transition has been observed, to our knowledge, for the first time.