cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to Swanson et al.

We appreciate the comments of Swanson et al. regarding our findings. They raise the challenging question as to whether premature infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with a focal area of perforation have a disease entity that is distinct from NEC. This has long been a subject of debate among physicians caring for such patients. We acknowledge the extensive work by Swanson and colleagues contending that spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) is a unique disease entity. Our study was not designed to address this issue.
Effects of the potential on surface states

Surface states are calculated for high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone of a (001) aluminum film using a pure overlap potential and a Cambridge potential. Results are compared with those of previous calculations to see how surface states are affected by the differences in potential. This comparison shows that behavior of the potential over the last few occupied layers is more important than the way the potential goes to zero outside the jellium edge. some suggestions are made about the range of validity of the Cambridge model of the potential.
Theories of presheaf type

Let us say that a geometric theory T is of presheaf type if its classifying topos is (equivalent to) a presheaf topos. (We adhere to the convention that geometric logic allows arbitrary disjunctions, while coherent logic means geometric and finitary.) Write Mod( T ) for the category of Set -models and homomorphisms of T . The next proposition is well known; see, for example, MacLane–Moerdijk [13], pp. 381-386, and the textbook of Adamek–Rosický [1] for additional information: Proposition 0.1. For a category , the following properties are equivalent : (i) is a finitely accessible category in the sense of Makkai–Pare [14], i.e., it has filtered colimits and a small dense subcategory of finitely presentable objects ii) is equivalent to Pts , the category of points of some presheaf topos (iii) is equivalent to the free filtered cocompletion (also known as Ind- ) of a small category . (iv) is equivalent to Mod( T ) for some geometric theory of presheaf type . Moreover, if these are satisfied for a given , then the —in any of (i), (ii) and (iii)— can be taken to be the full subcategory of consisting of finitely presentable objects. (There may be inequivalent choices of , as it is in general only determined up to idempotent completion; this will not concern us.) This seems to completely solve the problem of identifying when T is of presheaf type: check whether Mod( T ) is finitely accessible and if so, recover the presheaf topos as Set -functors on the full subcategory of finitely presentable models. There is a subtlety here, however, as pointed out (probably for the first time) by Johnstone [10].
Live birth in a 50-year-old woman following in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer with autologous oocytes: a rare case report

Objective To report a live birth with in vitro fertilization (IVF) from a 50-year-old woman with homologous oocytes. Design Case report. Setting Referral center. Patient(s) A 50-year-old woman. Intervention(s) IVF with fresh embryo transfer (ET). Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth after IVF. Result(s) A 50-year-old woman conceived with her own oocytes by means of IVF. Three fresh embryos were transferred, resulting in a pregnancy and delivery by cesarean section at 35 weeks of a healthy male baby weighing 2,300 g. Conclusion(s) Extensive literature search suggests that this is the first case report of live birth in a 50-year-old woman after IVF-ET with her own oocytes. This is a very rare and unusual case that deviates from the norm and therefore warrants attention. In selected cases, assisted reproductive technology might be reasonable to try for a limited number of times with a woman's own oocytes.
Development of a decision support system for residential construction using panellised walls: Approach and preliminary results

There is a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among residential construction workers, yet control in this industry can be difficult for a number of reasons. A decision support system (DSS) is described here to allow early assessment of both ergonomic and productivity concerns, specifically by designers. Construction using prefabricated walls (panels) is the focus of current DSS development and is based conceptually on an existing ‘Safety in Construction Design’ model. A stepwise description of the development process is provided, including input from end users, taxonomy development and task analysis, construction worker input, detailed laboratory-based simulations and modelling/solution approaches and implementation. Preliminary results are presented for several steps. These results suggest that construction activities using panels can be efficiently represented, that some of these activities involve exposure to high levels of WMSD risk and that several assumptions are requi...
Selected new developments in computational chemistry.

Molecular dynamics is a general technique for simulating the time-dependent properties of molecules and their environments. Quantum mechanics, as applied to molecules or clusters of molecules, prov...
Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male kids

Twenty-four high percentage Kiko crossbred male kids (body weight (BW), 27.8 ± 2.2 kg) were stratified by BW and randomly allocated to one of four experimental treatment groups (n = 6). Diets contained different levels of the condensed tannin (CT) containing forage sericea lespedeza (SL, Lespedeza cuneata) dried meal replacing alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pellets (ALF). Experimental treatments included: the control diet – 0% SL and 30% ALF; 10% SL and 20% ALF; 20% SL and 10% ALF; or 30% SL and 0% ALF as fed. Sericea lespedeza whole plant dried meal, incorporated in the grain mix portion of the diet and the mix was fed daily at 70% of total feed offered, with the remaining 30% consisting of bermudagrass (Cynodon doctylon) hay (BGH). Animals were fed once a day and the intake was adjusted every 3–4 days so that a 4–6% was refused (grain mix/SL and hay). Body weights were taken at the beginning, mid, and end of the study and blood was collected twice, at the beginning and at the end of the study, for complete analysis. The performance period lasted 63 days and at the completion of the study, goats were harvested and carcass characteristics measured. There was no difference in initial or final BW of goats; however, average daily gain (ADG) was higher (quadratic, P = 0.01) in goats consuming either all ALF or SL diets. Average daily dry matter (DM) and CT intake increased (linear, P = 0.04 and P < 0.0001, respectively) as the level of SL increased in the diet; however, body weight gain:feed (G:F, kg/kg dry matter) was lower for 10 or 20% SL diets (quadratic, P = 0.002). Scrotal circumference tended to decrease (quadratic, P = 0.07) in goats fed 10 or 20% SL and height at withers decreased (linear, P = 0.05) with addition of SL. Adjusted body fat thickness decreased (linear, P = 0.02) with added SL. Dressing percentages were low and ranged from 37.6 to 39.1 ± 1.5 for all diets. White blood cells decreased (linear, P = 0.05) and lymphocytes % increased (linear, P = 0.05) with added SL. Serum creatinine kinase and alanine aminotransferase increased (linear, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) and serum amylase decreased (linear, P = 0.01) as the level of SL increased. In conclusion, addition of SL up to 30% or CT up to 22.2 mg/kg DM in the diet did not adversely affect growth performance of goats, and it produced lower fat in the carcass.
Contemporary Management of Acute Limb Ischemia: Factors Associated With Amputation and In-Hospital Mortality

Contemporary treatment of patients with acute limb ischemia includes both open and endovascular techniques, and advances in technology continue to make interventions easier and safer. However, the greatest gains in improving outcomes in these patients will come from more consistent and prompt recognition of the disease followed by rapid, standardized therapy to minimize the risk of limb loss and subsequent reperfusion-related injury. This article uses case reports to highlight critical issues that may arise during the course of diagnosis and treatment and describes clinical factors associated with morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Computer aided design of ventilation tubes for customized hearing aid devices

This work describes a framework for the modeling of sweep solids on freeform surfaces, considering various geometric and functional constrains. The sweeping procedure begins with the definition of a trajectory on the surface. Besides smoothness and minimal length, other requirements may apply. Therefore, it is convenient to formulate the optimal trajectory tracing as a geodesic curve computation on the surface. The trajectory defined on the surface is offsetted inside in order to make the sweep solid tangent to the surface. The offset curve shape is iteratively optimized while preserving minimal distance from the surface. Then, a frame field is defined over the offset curve and the cross-section contour is swept according to this field. The major obstacle is how to construct the frame field such that the resulting sweep solid will be smooth and free of self-intersections. In order to resolve these issues a new minimal distortion frame is introduced. The key idea is to weaken the orthogonality constraint between the cross-section plane and the trajectory curve to avoid self-intersections of the resulting sweep solid. The proposed approach was employed for semi-automatic computer aided design of ventilation tubes for customized hearing aid devices. This approach was tested in a real production environment, where it was proved robust and efficient. Although the modeling pipeline described in the paper is optimized for the specific design task, the proposed techniques are general and can be utilized in many related applications where sweeping surface modeling and manipulation are involved.
Deletion mutants of simian virus 40 generated by enzymatic excision of DNA segments from the viral genome.

Abstract Deleted genomes of simian virus 40 have been constructed by enzymatic excision of specific segments of DNA from the genome of wild-type SV40 † . For this purpose, a restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus influenzae (endo R · Hind III) was used. This enzyme cleaves SV40 DNA into six fragments, which have cohesive termini. Partial digest products were separated by electrophoresis in agarose gel and subsequently cloned by plaque formation in the presence of complementing temperature-sensitive mutants of SV40. Individual deletion mutants generated in this way were mapped by analysis of DNA fragments produced by endo R · Hin d digestion of their deleted genomes, and by heteroduplex mapping. Two types of deletions were found: (1) “excisional” deletions, in which the limits of the deleted segment corresponded to Hin dIII cleavage sites, and (2) “extended” deletions, in which the deleted segment extended beyond Hin dIII cleavage sites. Excisionally deleted genomes presumably arose by cyclization of a linear fragment via cohesive termini generated by endo R · Hin dIII whereas genomes with extended deletions probably were generated by intramolecular recombination near the ends of linear fragments. Of the nine mutants analyzed, two had deletions in the “early” region of the SV40 genome, six had deletions in the “late” region, and one had a deletion that spanned both regions.
A novel nicotinic agonist facilitates induction of long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus

Long-term potentiation (LTP) can be modulated by a number of neurotransmitter receptors including muscarinic and GABAergic receptor types. We have found that a novel nicotinic agonist, 2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene anabaseine (DMXB), facilitated the induction of LTP in the hippocampus in a dose-dependent and mecamylamine-sensitive manner. DMXB displaced high affinity nicotinic [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin and [3H]acetylcholine binding in rat brain. Xenopus oocyte studies demonstrated that DMXB has agonist activity at alpha 7 but not alpha 4/beta 2 nicotinic receptor subtypes. These results indicated that DMXB is a novel nicotinic agonist with apparent specificity for the alpha 7/alpha-bungarotoxin nicotinic receptor subtype and indicate that nicotinic receptor activation is capable of modulating the induction of long-term potentiation.
Understanding the Dissolution of Zeolites

Scientific knowledge of how zeolites, a unique classification of microporous aluminosilicates, undergo dissolution in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions is limited. Understanding the dissolution o...
X-Ray Diffraction During Shock-Wave Compression

X-ray diffraction has been observed for the first time from material under shock compression. This was accomplished by directing a single pulse of x rays at LiF which was under compression from a shock wave, and observing the (200) diffraction line from the shock-compressed state. The experimental window for observing the effect was \ensuremath{\sim}20 nsec; the pressure behind the shock front was \ensuremath{\sim}130 kbar.
The alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype- and protein kinase C isoform-dependence of Norepinephrine's actions in cardiomyocytes.

Catecholamines modulate cardiac function at least in part through alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors linked to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). This study examines the molecular forms of the alpha(1)-receptor and PKC that mediate norepinephrine's actions in cardiomyocytes; distinct approaches (activation-dependent down-regulation of PKC isoforms) and novel reagents (A61603, an alpha(1A/c)-receptor agonist) are used to resolve this issue which has been the focus of dispute in previous studies. Norepinephrine (NE) induces a rise in diacylglycerol levels which is sustained for 24 h and is associated with the translocation (at 5 min) and down-regulation (at 24 h) of PKC delta and PKC xi (but not PKC alpha). The selective targeting of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor to activate novel PKC isoforms is remarkable, given an 8-fold greater abundance of PKC alpha relative to PKC xi in this preparation. NE activates the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases through a PKC delta/PKC xi -dependent pathway. WB-4101 (alpha(1A/c)- and alpha(1D)-receptor antagonist) and 5-methylurapidil (alpha(1A/c)-receptor antagonist) inhibit norepinephrine-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol, down-regulation of PKC delta and PKC xi, and activation of ERK. Each of these responses is stimulated by A61603, but not attenuated by high concentrations of chloroethylclonidine (which irreversibly inactivates the alpha(1B)-, and to a lesser extent, the alpha(1D)-receptor) or BMY 7378 (selective alpha(1D)-receptor antagonist). A61603 also activates p38-MAPK and induces hypertrophy. These studies establish that NE's actions in cardiomyocytes can be attributed to the alpha(1A/c)-adrenergic receptor subtype and nPKC isoforms, thereby identifying specific targets for the development of pharmaceuticals to influence cardiac contractile function and/or growth responses.
Between qanungos and clerks: the cultural and service worlds of Hindustan's pensmen, c. 1750–1850

This paper argues that our understanding of the transition to colonialism in South Asia can be enriched by examining the formation of revenue collection systems in north India between 1750 and 1850. It examines agrarian revenue systems not through the prism of legalism or landholding patterns, but by looking at the paper and record-based mechanisms by which wealth was actually extracted from India's hinterlands. It also examines the Kayastha pensmen who became an exponentially significant component of an Indo-Muslim revenue administration. They assisted the extension of Mughal revenue collection capabilities as qanungos (registrars) and patwaris (accountants). The intensity of revenue assessment, extraction and collection had increased by the mid 1700s, through the extension of cultivation and assessment by regional Indian kingdoms. The East India Company, in its agrarian revenue settlements in north India, utilized this extant revenue culture to push through savage revenue demands. These Kayastha pensmen thus furnished the ‘young’ Company with the crucial skills, physical records, and legitimacy to garner the agrarian wealth which would fund Britain's Indian empire. These more regular patterns of paper-oriented administration engendered a process of ‘bureaucratization’ and the emergence of the modern colonial state.
HYBRIDIZATION IMPURITY MODEL FOR MN IONS. II

Manganese ions in a mixed valent state of two magnetic configurations, Mn{sup 4+} and Mn{sup 3+}, play an important role in the magnetoresistance of LaMnO{sub 3}-based systems. We consider a Mn impurity with the Mn{sup 4+} represented by a spin S=3/2 (three localized {ital d} electrons in the t{sub 2g} orbitals with their spins ferromagnetically coupled) and the Mn{sup 3+} configuration having an additional localized {ital d} electron in one of the e{sub g} orbitals to form a total spin (S+1/2). The e{sub g} electron hybridizes with the conduction electrons and the multiple occupancy of the e{sub g} level is excluded by a large Coulomb energy. This gives rise to a quadrupolar Kondo effect, which compensates the orbital degrees of freedom into a quadrupolar singlet, and interferes with the usual spin Kondo effect. We calculate the ground state energy, valence, charge susceptibility and the quadrupolar susceptibility as a function of the energy of the e{sub g} level in zero-magnetic field and for the spin-polarized limit (ferromagnetic lattice). The methods used are a mean-field slave-boson formulation, the noncrossing diagram approximation (NCA) and the Bethe ansatz. Both, the charge and quadrupolar susceptibilities, are larger in the spin-polarized lattice, indicating that this statemore » is more favorable for charge order and lattice distortions. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Variation in the management of deep vein thrombosis: implications for the potential impact of a critical pathway.

Purpose To evaluate the potential impact of a practice guideline in the form of a critical pathway on variation and quality of care in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods Goals were identified for key steps and processes that were believed to be important for meeting a length-of-stay (LOS) goal of 5.5 days, and for improving quality of care for patients with DVT. Data collected via chart review were used to determine the percentage of patients with uncomplicated DVT admitted in the year after October 1, 1992, whose management would have met these goals. Results Only 11 (12%) of 92 eligible patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of DVT met the LOS goal. In 30%, the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was >60 seconds within a target of 12 hours after admission. The goals for the initiation of warfarin (within 12 hours after aPTT >60 seconds) and the achievement of a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) level (within 120 hours) were met in 51% and 58% of patients, respectively. The target duration of intravenous heparin therapy was achieved in 78% of patients. Only 18% of patients, however, were discharged within 12 hours after 96 hours of heparin therapy had been given and a therapeutic INR had been achieved. Conclusions These data demonstrate considerable variation in management of uncomplicated DVT at a single hospital, suggesting that a critical pathway could have impact on both LOS and quality of care.
Differential effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate on the secretion of human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin.

In human placental explants cultured in vitro, 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 1 mM theophylline alone or in combination markedly stimulated the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into the medium but had no effect on the secretion of human placental lactogen (hPL). These results indicate that 1) cyclic AMP can modulate the secretion of hCG, and 2) the intracellular control mechanisms regulating the secretion of hCG and hPL from the syncytiotrophoblast may be different.
Computed tomography stereotactic head clamp

A new stereotactic head clamp is described. The clamp is applied in the plane of the computed tomographic scan, and enables one to probe the target in te plane of the scan by obtaining measurements directly from the scanner. No modification of the scanner is required, and the clamp can be used within the scanner.
A Pilot Study to Implement and Evaluate the Use of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in an RN to BSN in Nursing Program

Abstract Background The structure of hybrid programs can lead to inconsistent learning and inability to evaluate student progress. The purpose was to determine whether the use of simulation and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) would provide faculty the opportunity to evaluate skill attainment and students learning transfer. Method To prepare students for OSCEs, simulation was integrated onto the content in the beginning of the course. At the end of the course, students returned for OSCEs. Student scores were analyzed, and student and/or faculty satisfaction was measured. Results Overall, students were able to demonstrate mastery of content within the OSCEs format and student and faculty satisfaction was high. Conclusion OSCEs offer an option for enhanced student learning and evaluation in hybrid RN to bachelor of science in nursing programs.
Simulation of the Conformational Transition Pathway for the Activation of Full-Length C-Src Kinase using the String Method

The Src family kinases are important cellular signaling proteins that share a common catalytic domain and two peptide-binding regulatory domains called SH2 and SH3. X-ray crystal structures of c-Src kinase are available for the inactive assembled state and an active-like re-assembled state, but the transition pathway and its dependence on the configuration of the SH2 and SH3 regulatory modules is still largely unsolved. Using molecular dynamics simulations and the string method with swarms-of-trajectories we have determined the transition pathway in both the assembled and re-assembled active-like conformations of the SH2/SH3 domains. Comparison of the active-like conformation of the catalytic domain in the two SH2/SH3 states shows that the re-assembled SH2/SH3 promotes a further opening of the catalytic site. The mechanism of the A-loop opening is also influenced by the SH2/SH3 domains. The calculated pathway provides novel insight into the influence of the regulatory models on kinase activation.
Hypermedia in radiology: computer-assisted education.

Hypertext is a new computer-based method of presenting information that provides greater flexibility than conventional methods of continuing education. With a hypertext system, an individual using the computer can acquire more information on a word or concept that needs to be pursued in depth. Hypermedia is an expanded concept which uses the computer’s ability to incorporate images, sounds, and video images in addition to text. This interactive, multimedia approach customizes information for more effective learning. The authors devised a prototype hypermedia textbook of nuclear medicine using a personal computer with hypermedia software that contains text, graphs, tables, figures, literature citations, and an easily perusable image database. All the information is organized with multiple cross-references, allowing instant branching to relevant facts, in different levels of detail. The system’s applications and the ease of expansion or modification by the user are described.
Synthesis, bulk, and surface characterization of niobium-doped Fe2O3 single crystals

Abstract Single crystals of niobium-substituted α-Fe 2 O 3 were grown by using chemical vapor transport with tellurium tetrachloride and were characterized by using bulk methods (X rays, resistivity, magnetism) and surface techniques (low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Niobium-substituted α-Fe 2 O 3 crystallizes with the corundum structure, and is an extrinsic n -type semiconductor with a room temperature resistivity of approximately 85 Ω cm, and an activation energy for conductivity of 0.22 eV. Low-temperature susceptibility measurements suggest that the substitution of niobium(V) in octahedral sites leads to reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) without spinel phase inclusions. The main face of the single crystal platelets is the (001) basal plane of α-Fe 2 O 3 . The surface is very well ordered as shown by LEED. These crystals show good potential for application in both photoelectrochemistry and surface science studies.
Alkylation of Phenyl Phosphinic Acid

Abstract Phosphinic acids have been used as intermediates in the preparation of unsymmetrical tertiary phosphine oxides,1 including optically active oxides. These phosphinic acid derivatives are prepared by the Arbuzov rearrangement of a phosphonite,2 which, in turn, usually comes from the corresponding phosphine dichloride. This route to phosphinic acid works well but involves exceptionally malodorus, air sensitive, hydrolytically unstable intermediates. We wish to report a simple method to prepare phenylphosphinic acids which utilizes odorless, stable solid species.
Peer evaluation in an algorithms course

Peer evaluation is used in an algorithms course to highlight the importance of good documentation and professional presentation.
Restoration of Oyster Reefs along a Bio-physical Gradient in Mobile Bay, Alabama

Oyster reefs support a valuable commercial fishery based on the extraction of oysters from the biogenic reef matrix they form. This fact, combined with recent recognition of the many ecological services oyster reefs provide to estuarine ecosystems, has resulted in increased efforts to restore and/or enhance the spatial extent of oyster reefs. As part of a large-scale restoration effort in Mobile Bay, Alabama, we designed a field project to determine if the design and location across a bio-physical gradient of restored oyster reefs affect the recruitment of oysters and other sessile invertebrates. In January 2004, eight oyster reefs (625 m 2 each) were constructed in each of three areas of Mobile Bay (Cedar Point, Sand Reef, and Shellbank), which varied in water quality and spatial extent of existing oyster reefs. Four reefs were high relief ($1.0 m vertical relief) and four were low relief (0.1-0.2 m). Semiannual quadrat surveys and monthly assessments of oyster survivorship were designed to evaluate oyster recruitment, abundance, and mortality as a function of reef elevation and location. The two most abundant sessile invertebrates found in the quadrat sampling were eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and recurved mussel (Ischadium recurvum). Recurved mussels were abundant on all restored reefs, but densities did not significantly vary with location or reef elevation. Oyster recruitment and abundance varied by location (Cedar Point> Sand Reef> Shellbank). Oyster recruitment was also higher on high relief reefs compared with low relief. The pattern of higher recruitment of oysters at high relief reefs suggests that in locations where oyster mortality is high (i.e., Sand Reef) or larval supply is low (i.e., Shellbank), high relief reefs are an important design element in successful reef restoration.
Rothman and Schekman SNAREd by Lasker for Trafficking

This year, the recipients of the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research are James Rothman and Randy Schekman. This highly anticipated honor highlights their unique contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms of membrane traffic.
Convergence of mock Fourier series

For certain Cantor measures μ on ℝn, it was shown by Jorgensen and Pedersen that there exists an orthonormal basis of exponentialse 2πiγ·x for λeΛ. a discrete subset of ℝn called aspectrum for μ. For anyL 1 functionf, we define coefficientsc γ(f)=∝f(y)e −2πiγiy dμ(y) and form the Mock Fourier series ∑λ∈Λcλ(f)e 2πiλ·x . There is a natural sequence of finite subsets Λn increasing to Λ asn→∞, and we define the partial sums of the Mock Fourier series by $$s_n (f)(x) = \sum\limits_{\lambda \in \Lambda _n } {c_n (f)e^{2\pi i\lambda \cdot x} } .$$ We prove, under mild technical assumptions on μ and Λ, thats n(f) converges uniformly tof for any continuous functionf and obtain the rate of convergence in terms of the modulus of continuity off. We also show, under somewhat stronger hypotheses, almost everywhere convergence forfeL 1.
Cytomegalovirus Infection: Perinatal Implications

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpes virus family, is the most common cause of congenital infection in humans, affecting 0.5–3% of all newborns worldwide. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and mental retardation in children. The high prevalence of cytomegalovirus in the general population, unpredictability of transmission, and asymptomatic nature of the disease in otherwise healthy women challenge prevention and treatment efforts.
Effects of tramadol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of tramadol on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MACSEVO) in dogs. It was hypothesized that tramadol would dose-dependently decrease MACSEVO. Study design Randomized crossover experimental study. Animals Six healthy, adult female mixed-breed dogs (24.2 ± 2.6 kg). Methods Each dog was studied on two occasions with a 7-day washout period. Anesthesia was induced using sevoflurane delivered via a mask. Baseline MAC (MACB) was determined starting 45 minutes after tracheal intubation. A noxious stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms) was applied subcutaneously over the mid-humeral area. If purposeful movement occurred, the end-tidal sevoflurane was increased by 0.1%; otherwise, it was decreased by 0.1%, and the stimulus was re-applied after a 20-minute equilibration. After MACB determination, dogs randomly received a tramadol loading dose of either 1.5 mg kg−1 followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1.3 mg kg−1 hour−1 (T1) or 3 mg kg−1 followed by a 2.6 mg kg−1 hour−1 CRI (T2). Post-treatment MAC determination (MACT) began 45 minutes after starting the CRI. Data were analyzed using a mixed model anova to determine the effect of treatment on percentage change in baseline MACSEVO (p Results The MACB values were 1.80 ± 0.3 and 1.75 ± 0.2 for T1 and T2, respectively, and did not differ significantly. MACT decreased by 26 ± 8% for T1 and 36 ± 12% for T2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the decrease between the two treatments. Conclusion and clinical relevance Tramadol significantly reduced MACSEVO but this was not dose dependent at the doses studied.
An Exploratory Study of Meeting Planners and Conference Attendees’ Perceptions of Sustainable Issues in Convention Centers

This exploratory study examines the importance of sustainable concerns at convention centers among meeting planners and attendees. Sectors impacting sustainability within convention centers were drawn from the Convention Industry Council's Accepted Practices Exchange (APEX) / American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Environmentally Sustainable Meeting Standards. Results from a sample of meeting planners and attendees suggest planners are willing to pay more to plan meetings at sustainability certified facilities. Attendees are willing to pay more to attend meetings at facilities providing staff trained in aspects of sustainability. Results suggest no statistically significant differences between levels of importance attached to sustainable issues by groups, but levels do differ based on demographic characteristics.
ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE ADMISSIONS TO PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS, 1999 TO 2010

Hospital admissions for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) have increased by greater than two-fold within the past decade at adult facilities. Many of the most complex patients, however, continue to receive their care at children's hospitals. We hypothesize that ACHD admissions to children&
Arterialization of the venous system of the hand.

Background The treatment of hand ischemia can be very challenging. In cases in which there are no reconstructible arterial lesions, treatment options are limited. Arterialization of the venous system of the hand is a straightforward surgical procedure that provides arterial blood to the distal soft tissues of an ischemic hand. Methods The author conducted a retrospective review of the history, indications, technique, and results of this technique as applied to the treatment of five hands in three patients. Results For each of these patients, the treatment included an anastomosis from the distal radial or ulnar artery to a dorsal hand vein. Blood flow was directed distally by ligating venous side branches. Valvulotomies were performed as needed to the base of the digits on the dorsum of the hand. This approach resulted in excellent pain relief in all treated hands and healing of digital wounds. Conclusion This relatively straightforward salvage procedure provides arterialized blood to ischemic digits, resulting in wound healing and significant reduction in pain.
A Survey of Mental Skills Training Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices of Junior Tennis Coaches

Abstract Junior tennis coaches (N = 153) were surveyed to determine their opinions about the importance of mental skills training, the specific mental skills they teach, strategies they use to teach mental skills, and recommendations for making mental skills training more effective. Mental skills thought to be most difficult to teach included reframing pressure, crisis management, self-confidence, and emotional control. Roadblocks to mental skills training included a lack of time, a lack of player interest, difficulty evaluating mental skills training success, and a lack of models or examples of coaches actually teaching mental skills. Coaches also indicated a need for practical mental skills training exercises that could be taught in 10–15 minutes, strategies for better engaging players in mental skills training, and the need for mental skills training videos to use with players. Differences in the coaches' opinions were compared between more and less experienced and sport psychology trained and untraine...
Area-tunable micromirror based on electrowetting actuation of liquid-metal droplets

The authors report a micromirror device actuated by electrowetting effect. The micromirror surface is formed by a liquid-metal droplet jetted on a substrate and then topped with a parylene/Teflon coated indium tin oxide glass slide. The droplet is deformed by a voltage applied across the parylene/Teflon film. The radius of micromirror is tuned from 13μm (0V) to 88μm (90V), and the normalized area increases from 0.2 to 0.94 accordingly. The switching time ranges from 1ms for a 350μm diameter droplet to 0.2ms for a 50μm one. A 4×1 micromirror array is demonstrated and switched simultaneously.
Inhibition of Monometalated Methionine Aminopeptidase: Inhibitor Discovery and Crystallographic Analysis†

Two divalent metal ions are commonly seen in the active-site cavity of methionine aminopeptidase, and at least one of the metal ions is directly involved in catalysis. Although ample structural and functional information is available for dimetalated enzyme, methionine aminopeptidase likely functions as a monometalated enzyme under physiological conditions. Information on structure, as well as catalysis and inhibition, of the monometalated enzyme is lacking. By improving conditions of high-throughput screening, we identified a unique inhibitor with specificity toward the monometalated enzyme. Kinetic characterization indicates a mutual exclusivity in binding between the inhibitor and the second metal ion at the active site. This is confirmed by X-ray structure, and this inhibitor coordinates with the first metal ion and occupies the space normally occupied by the second metal ion. Kinetic and structural analyses of the inhibition by this and other inhibitors provide insight in designing effective inhibitor...
What is learned in serial learning

Summary A transfer experiment was performed under conditions that would permit S s who first had learned a serial list to a criterion of mastery to “use” either positional associations or sequential S-R associations in the subsequent learning of paired associates (PAs) formally comprised of the same S-R connections existing in the piror Ser list. The principal results were as follows: (a) There was no significant over-all transfer from Ser to PA learning, in terms of total trials to criterion, for either the Positional or Sequential conditions. (b) There was significant Ser to PA transfer for both conditions only in the first third of the trials to criterion, after which transfer rapidly declined to zero. The Positional and Sequential conditions did not differ significantly in this respect. (c) The percentage of transfer is significantly related to serial position; those items at the beginning and end of the Ser list show positive transfer and those in the middle show zero or negative transfer. The results were interpreted as supporting neither the position association nor the S-R “chain” association conceptions of Ser learning, and an alternative hypothesis was proposed for further consideration.
Heuristic random optimization

Compared to the widely used gradient-based optimization techniques, random search methods have the advantages of easy computation, simple implementation and global optimality; especially when constraints are involved, or when the gradient is burdensome or impossible to calculate. In this paper, several heuristic principles are proposed to enhance the performance of the random optimization. Several examples are used to illustrate the advantages of heuristic random optimization over random and gradient-based methods.
Not lost in translation: the influence of Clifford Geertz's work and life on anthropology in Morocco

A May 2000 conference in Sefrou publicly recognised the impact of Clifford Geertz's work and professional life on doing sociology and anthropology in Morocco. Yet recognition of his work in how sociology and anthropology were taught in Morocco grew only incrementally from the late 1960s to the present. One obstacle was language. Geertz's Islam Observed (1968a) was translated into French only in 1992; a translation into Arabic is virtually unobtainable in Morocco; and his book-length essay, ‘Suq’ (Geertz 1979), appeared in French only in 2003. In the late 1960s, Morocco's educational system was also in the midst of Arabisation. Part of this essay seeks to capture the audience for anthropology in the late 1960s and early 1970s, describing the context in which the writings of Geertz and Gellner were initially received in Morocco. Then, drawing on my experience in leading a faculty seminar in Arabic for faculty in history and sociology and especially a parallel one for graduate students in sociology in 1992, ...
Enhanced centroid-flow algorithm for general type-2 fuzzy sets

The Centroid Flow (CF) algorithm is a newly proposed approach for computing the centroid of a type-2 fuzzy set A, which normally can be obtained by taking the union of the centroids of all the α-planes of A. The CF algorithm utilizes the Karnik-Mendel (KM) or the Enhanced KM (EKM) algorithm only once at the α = 0 α-plane, and then lets its result “flows” stepwise to the α = 1 α-plane. The CF algorithm avoids applying the KM/EKM algorithms at every α-plane, and, therefore, significantly improves the computational efficiency. However, certain approximation errors of the CF algorithm will gradually accumulate as the algorithm “flows” upwards, and, in some cases, this can slightly bias the overall outcome. This paper introduces an Enhanced CF (ECF) algorithm that can reduce such accumulative errors by half, and, therefore, allows us to compute the centroid of A with much higher accuracy.
Biodiversity Governance: A Tower of Babel of Scales and Cultures

The recently created Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), originally focused on multilateral and global issues, is shifting its focus to address local issues and to include in its assessments local stakeholders and indigenous and traditional systems of knowledge. Acknowledging that full biodiversity governance is unavoidably rooted in participation of local actors and their problems and knowledge, we suggest that to deal successfully with the complexity and diversity of local issues, including indigenous knowledge systems, IPBES must recognize a key role of local institutions.
TWuiST: A discrete tactile-proprioceptive display for eye and ear free output on mobile devices

Proprioception -the human ability to sense the orientation of limbs without vision or hearing- is one of the main drivers of complex motor operations, which is something mobile interfaces may be able to exploit to achieve robust eye and ear free forms of interaction. This paper explores the use of proprioception as an output modality by combining kinesthetic information of a mobile device with vibrotactile feedback. A user study with 16 users explored the temporal resolution of proprioceptive displays for two different spatial resolutions with orientations (o) either defined in a space (o=6) or in a plane (o = 8). Users were able to find target orientations in 2;652 (space) and 2;638 (plane) milliseconds. The performance of discrete proprioceptive displays is comparable with more advanced forms of tactile feedback provision -but unlike these- proprioceptive displays can be facilitated using features already present in current mobile devices. Our experiences elicited a number of guidelines and tradeoffs for the design of discrete proprioceptive displays.
RELATING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SETS OF VARIABLES: CANONICAL CORRELATION OR FACTOR ANALYSIS?

-Several prominent multivariate psychological methodologists recommend the use of canonical correlation to relate multidimensional sets of variables. This method along with separate factor analyses of the sets is considered in relation to the questions they may be able to answer on a specific research problem. Alternate analyses of data from the social sciences illustrate the value of common factor analysis compared with canonical analysis as a method for relating the underlying constructs across sets of variables.
Leading electroweak radiative corrections to t-->W + +b

By using the Goldstone-boson equivalence theorem, the leading electroweak radiative corrections to the tree-level process $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{+}b$ are obtained in three different limits: (i) ${m}_{H}g{m}_{t}g{M}_{W}$, (ii) ${m}_{H}={m}_{t}g{M}_{W}$, and (iii) ${m}_{t}g{m}_{H}g{M}_{W}$. Recently, several groups have done the same calculation without using the equivalence theorem approach and obtained slightly different results. We compare our results with these previous works.
Economic Geography: The Integration of Regions and Nations. By Pierre-Philippe Combes, Thierry Mayer and Jacques-François Thisse

Instructors searching for an advanced textbook on spatial economics would be well advised to consider Economic Geography: The Integration of Regions and Nations. This book provides a comprehensive ...
Achieving Success in Large Projects: Implications from a Study of ERP Implementations

Executives in charge of large projects must decide how to spend their energies, even though typically they are not trained to manage such projects. We have derived two implications for managers based on prior research: adhere to the fundamentals of project management and unearth the best practices for large-project success. Through a study of more than 70 enterprise-resource-planning (ERP) projects, we have investigated our hypothesis that greater success in implementation is related to greater adoption of the best practices. For most of the participants in our study, our hypothesized model holds. For some, however, careful deviation from this model also proved successful. Additional implications we have derived include recommendations to specify a model of the project outcomes, understand the factors that make a project large and risky, and include a focus on managing large projects in executive education and development.
Curricular Placement of Academic Service-Learning in Higher Education

The higher education service-learning literature is rich with case studies, guidelines for service-learning course and program development, and demonstrations of the impact of service-learning on students. Minimal discussion, however, focuses on the strategic placement of service-learning in disciplinary curricula, and how curricular placement might support and enhance student learning and developmental outcomes. This study offers a summary of curricular placement themes from the service-learning literature and reviews findings from a survey of two national service-learning electronic mailing lists about intentional decision making related to departmental curricular placement of service-learning. Both the literature review and survey data support the need for a curricular placement research agenda, particularly tied to promotion of student learning and developmental outcomes.
Microendmill Dynamics Including the Actual Fluted Geometry and Setup Errors-Part I. Model Development and Numerical Solution

This paper presents an analytical model for the microendmill dynamics, including the setup errors, the axial force, the sectioned tool geometry, and the actual crosssection of the twisted fluted section. Different tool geometries and tool-grinding errors can also be incorporated in the presented model. To include the shear deformations and rotary inertia effects arising from the stubby nature of the microendmill, the Timoshenko beam equations are used in the derivation. The boundary-value problem is derived for each of the shank, taper, and fluted sections of the microendmill, and a component mode synthesis technique is used to combine the individual sections. A new spectral-Tchebychev technique is utilized to obtain the numerical solution of the boundary-value problem without resorting to the finite-elements technique. As a result, a simple yet accurate description of the microendmill dynamics is obtained. The solution is experimentally validated in Part II of the paper.
The use of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and metastatic adenocarcinomas to the skin

Abstract Pathology laboratories routinely encounter cutaneous neoplasms in which the differential diagnosis includes primary tumors as well as metastatic carcinomas. This distinction is important since metastatic lesions portend a poor prognosis and, in rare cases, they can be the first sign of internal malignancy. In most cases analysis of histologic features and correlation with clinical information allow one to establish the correct diagnosis. However, occasionally, and especially in the case of adenocarcinomas, the morphologic features may be very similar in both primary cutaneous tumors (especially those of sweat gland origin) and metastatic lesions. This article reviews the use of immunohistochemistry as an adjunctive tool in the analysis of primary and metastatic carcinomas involving the skin. It also provides an algorithm including selected markers that can be used in this context.