cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Describing Elderly Women in Assisted Living’s Risk for Breast Cancer and Participation in Screening Behaviors:

The purpose of this research was to provide descriptive information on elderly women’s breast cancer risk and their level of participation in breast cancer screening behaviors. Ninety-two women participated in the study; the mean breast cancer risk for five years was 2.4, and the lifetime mean risk was 4.4. An elevated five-year risk is a value greater than 1.7. The participants’ also provided information on their breast cancer screening behaviors. The modal response for participation in obtaining a medical checkup with a physician was six months or less. The modal response for obtaining a clinical breast examination was six months or less. These elderly women indicated a high rate of adopting breast cancer screening activities. Breast sonographers and mammographers have a unique opportunity to raise awareness with their elderly patients about breast cancer. Advocating screening measures and patient education are needed to assist elderly women in managing risk.
The Theory of Goal Attainment in Research and Practice

King's conceptual system may be used to build a world community of nurses who respect cultural differences and share the mutual goal of health in each nation. The concepts in this systems framework have been the basis for research and practice and for developing theories such as the theory of goal attainment. This theory includes a human process of interactions that lead to transactions and to goal attainment (outcomes). This process is useful in any nursing situation and in any culture. Knowledge of the concepts of the theory have been applied in practice in the United States, Canada, Sweden, and Japan. An example of implementing theory-based practice in a hospital is discussed.
Dopamine D1 receptor‐mediated enhancement of NMDA receptor trafficking requires rapid PKC‐dependent synaptic insertion in the prefrontal neurons

Understanding the interaction between dopamine and glutamate, particularly the interaction of dopamine and NMDA receptors, may enable a more rational approach to the treatment of schizophrenia, drug addiction, and other psychiatric disorders. We show that, in prefrontal cortical neurons, dopamine D(1)-induced enhancement of NMDA receptor function depends on rapid insertion of new NMDA receptor 2B subunits on the synaptic surface. Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, but not protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, completely blocked dopamine D(1) agonist SKF-81297-induced increase of the total expression of NMDA receptors. Furthermore, SKF-81297 failed to alter the surface expression and synaptic insertion of NMDA receptors in the presence of PKA inhibitor, phospholipase C inhibitor, PKC inhibitor, or Src family kinase inhibitor. Our data suggest that D(1)-mediated enhancement of NMDA current depends on the NMDA receptor trafficking through rapid synaptic insertion and both PKA and PKC signaling pathways play important roles in the regulatory process. Although both PKA and PKC mediate the D(1)-induced enhancement of NMDA receptors, the phospholipase C-PKC-Src pathway is only required for surface expression and new synaptic insertion of NMDA receptors.
U.S. Securities Regulation in a World of Global Exchanges

Recently there has been a dramatic change in the organizational structure of exchanges as they have demutualized and converted into for-profit entities. This has been accompanied by a public listing of shares on the exchange itself. These changes have been driven by technological and competitive forces and have resulted in a new paradigm for the governance of exchanges. The new organizational structure has raised several regulatory issues. At the same time that exchanges have themselves become public companies, there have also been major changes in the governance requirements of listed companies that trade on exchanges. Many of these changes have been prompted by the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation, new exchange regulations, and changes mandated by the SEC. The new requirements have impacted the capital raising process globally and the choice of listing venue. These developments have in turn intensified competition among exchanges and may lead to a wave of cross-border consolidations. Globalization of exchanges will create challenges for nation-based regulation and we offer some suggestions for resolving the regulatory impediments.
Review Sentiment Scoring via a Parse-and-Paraphrase Paradigm

This paper presents a parse-and-paraphrase paradigm to assess the degrees of sentiment for product reviews. Sentiment identification has been well studied; however, most previous work provides binary polarities only (positive and negative), and the polarity of sentiment is simply reversed when a negation is detected. The extraction of lexical features such as unigram/bigram also complicates the sentiment classification task, as linguistic structure such as implicit long-distance dependency is often disregarded. In this paper, we propose an approach to extracting adverb-adjective-noun phrases based on clause structure obtained by parsing sentences into a hierarchical representation. We also propose a robust general solution for modeling the contribution of adverbials and negation to the score for degree of sentiment. In an application involving extracting aspect-based pros and cons from restaurant reviews, we obtained a 45% relative improvement in recall through the use of parsing methods, while also improving precision.
Performance analysis of location-aware mobile service proxies for reducing network cost in personal communication systems

We propose and analyze mobile service management schemes based on location-aware proxies with the objective to reduce the network signaling and communication cost in future personal communication systems (PCS). Under these schemes, a mobile user uses personal proxies as intelligent client-side agents to communication with services engaged by the mobile user. A personal proxy cooperates with the underlying location management system so that it is location-aware and can optimally decide when and how often it should move with the roaming user. We show that, when given a set of model parameters characterizing the network and workload conditions, there exists an optimal proxy service area size for service handoffs such that the overall network signaling and communication cost for servicing location and service operations is minimized. We demonstrate via Petri net models that our proposed proxy-based mobile service management schemes outperform non-proxy-based schemes over a wide range of identified conditions. Further, when the mobile user is concurrently engaged in multiple services, the per-service proxy scheme that uses a separate proxy for each service outperforms the aggregate proxy scheme that uses a single proxy to interface with multiple services taking their aggregate service characteristics into consideration.
Cultural Sociology and Other Disciplines: Interdisciplinarity in the Cultural Sciences

The subject of this article is the relationship between cultural sociology and approaches to culture in other social science disciplines. What are the characteristics of the theoretical environment, in which cultural sociology is operating? The article begins by reviewing the literature on interdisciplinarity. Many authors argue that interdisciplinarity is increasing or should be increasing, but the general consensus is that disciplinary isolation is the norm. From this perspective, the relationships between disciplines can be understood in terms of trading zones, in which fields in different disciplines have little in common, theoretically, or empirically. Interdisciplinary communication in ‘trading zones’ requires that participants laboriously construct a set of terms that permits them to exchange ideas. Alternatively, I propose that clusters of fields in different disciplines are linked by free-floating paradigms. Participants in disciplines that share ‘free-floating paradigms’ are able to communicate with one another more readily. The article presents evidence for the second interpretation, drawn from survey articles in disciplinary handbooks. Disciplines and fields in which the study of culture draws from the same pool of paradigms and models and shares a set of lines of inquiry with cultural sociology include traditional disciplines, such as anthropology, communication, geography, history and psychology, and interdisciplinary fields, such as cultural studies, communication, feminist theory, material culture, science studies, and visual culture. Interdisciplinary fields – particularly cultural studies – perform an important role in diffusing paradigms across disciplinary boundaries. Free-floating paradigms are associated with the work of major theorists, such as Levi-Strauss, Barthes, Foucault, Bourdieu, Lyotard, Baudrillard, Clifford Geertz, Bruno Latour, Adorno, Gramsci, and Habermas.
Neuronal cell bodies in paraventricular nucleus affect renal hemodynamics and excretion via the renal nerves

Several lines of evidence support the existence of an oligosynaptic projection from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to the kidney in the rat. We sought to provide evidence that this neural pathway is capable of influencing renal function in rats. Bilateral microinjections of bicuculline (Bic; 1 nmol) into the PVN decreased glomerular filtration rate (59%), effective renal plasma flow (71%), urine flow (UV; 57%), and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV; 54%), accompanied by increased mean arterial pressure (17%) and heart rate (17%). These results were not obtained when Bic was injected outside the PVN or when vehicle (0.9% saline) was injected into the PVN. Bilateral renal denervation (5–7 days before the experiments) significantly reduced the renal vasoconstriction, attenuated the antidiuresis, and abolished the antinatriuresis evoked by PVN stimulation. On the other hand, both the antidiuresis and antinatriuresis evoked by PVN stimulation were undiminished after treatment with either of...
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with advanced LIGO and advanced virgo

We present a possible observing scenario for the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We determine the expected sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron-star systems, which are considered the most promising for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5 deg2 to 20 deg2 will require at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼ 2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. Should the third LIGO detector be relocated to India as expected, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
Disaggregation and refinement of system dynamics models via agent-based modeling

System dynamics models are usually used to investigate aggregate level behavior, but these models can be decomposed into agents that have more detailed individual behaviors. Here we develop a simple model of the STEM workforce to illuminate the impacts that arise from the disaggregation and refinement of system dynamics models via agent-based modeling. Particularly, alteration of Poisson assumptions, adding heterogeneity to decision-making processes of agents, and discrete-time formulation are investigated and their impacts are illustrated. The goal is to demonstrate both the promise and danger of agent-based modeling in the context of a relatively simple model and to delineate the importance of modeling decisions that are often overlooked.
The Social Efficiency Movement Reconsidered: Curriculum Change in Minneapolis, 1917–1950

One of the most popular themes for the grist of curriculum theorists for the last ten to fifteen years has been the place of the social efficiency movement in curriculum thought and practice. My own reading of the journals during this period leads me to believe that a significant portion of our recent curriculum discourse has been a commentary, typically critical, about the supposed role that social efficiency ideas have played in that thought and practice. A number of contemporary curriculum theorists, including Herbert Kliebard, Michael Apple, Steven Seldon, and myself, have made the social efficiency movement a prominent concern of our research programs. Although there are issues that divide us, our criticisms of the social efficiency movement have proceeded along quite similar lines. We argue that from the origins of the curriculum field during the scientific curriculum-making movement of the 1920s through the social adjustment movement of the 1940s and 1950s to the present day systems management movement, curriculum workers have relied almost exclusively on efficiency ideas in their work. The term "social efficiency" has enjoyed a certain illusive quality since it was first used in educational discourse in the early years of this century (Krug, 1969, pp. 273-283). In our criticisms we have identified three ideas as characteristic of the social efficiency movement. First, we identify the movement with the belief that the principal goal of education is vocational and social adjustment as opposed to the more traditional goal of mental training. Second, we identify an efficiency orientation with the belief that the curriculum should
A modified chromatographic microapplicator.

Technics for application of microsamples for chromatographic analysis are numerous. In most instances, samples are applied by means of glass micropipets which are expensive, fragile, tend to plug easily, and are difficult to clean. To overcome these drawbacks, a microapplicator has been developed that can rapidly deliver circular spots of uniform diameter, is easily cleaned, and is almost indestructible.
Eosinophiles in passive anaphylaxis.

Summary and ConclusionsIt has been shown that eosinophilia in anaphylaxis is not dependent upon active antibody formation by the shocked animal. The development in several instances of a mild eosinophilia following the injection of relatively large doses of Ea into normal guinea pigs was noted.
Modeling vitamin D insufficiency and moderate deficiency in adult mice via dietary cholecalciferol restriction.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We sought to develop and characterize a model of human vitamin D nutritional insufficiency/deficiency in the adult mouse, which could have broad utility in examining health consequences of this common condition. Methods: Adult mice were fed diets containing cholecalciferol contents of 0.05 IU/g, 0.25 IU/g, 0.5 IU/g or 1.5 IU/g for four months. We studied induction of steady-state vitamin D insufficiency, and its consequences on primary cholecalciferol metabolite levels, calcium homeostasis, parathyroid physiology, and bone morphology. Results: All diets were well tolerated, without adverse effects on body weight. Diets containing 0.05 IU/g and 0.25 IU/g cholecalciferol significantly lowered serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (median 25OHD, 10.5 ng/ml, and 21.6 ng/ml, respectively), starting as early as one month following initiation of the diets, maintained through the four-month experimental period. The 0.05 IU/g diet significantly decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OH2D) levels (media...
VERIFICATION TEST FOR EFFICACY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PLASMA STERILIZER IN STERILIZATION OF LUMINAL DEVICES

Objective To observe the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide plasma low-temperature sterilization device in sterilization of imitative clinical luminal devices so as to provide reference evidences for clinical practice.Methods Luminal articles were imitated artificially and used as the carrier to observe the efficacy of this sterilization device in killing different bacteria.Results The hydrogen peroxide plasma low-temperature sterilization device could effectively kill the bacteria in the lumen of thin metal tube with 1 mm inner diameter and 400 mm length,and 2 mm inner diameter and 600 mm length,PTFE catheter with 1mm inner diameter and 2 m length as well as cardiac catheter and the lumen of laparoscope.Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization device can effectively and rapidly sterilize luminal devices commonly used in clinical practice.
Near-field fluorescence imaging of A375 human melanoma cells

Fluorescence near-field super-resolution optical images were combined with a simultaneously detected three-dimensional topographical representation to provide pertinent information regarding protein distribution on tumor cell membrane. We successfully identified both surface and subsurface melanoma cell proteins.
Plethysmography Phenotype QTL in Mice Before and After Allergen Sensitization and Challenge

Allergic asthma is common airway disease that is characterized in part by enhanced airway constriction in response to nonspecific stimuli. Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with asthma risk in humans, but these studies have not accounted for gene–environment interactions, which are thought to be important factors in asthma. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate responses to a common human allergen, we applied a house dust mite mouse (HDM) model of allergic airway disease (AAD) to 146 incipient lines of the Collaborative Cross (CC) and the CC founder strains. We employed a longitudinal study design in which mice were phenotyped for response to the bronchoconstrictor methacholine both before and after HDM sensitization and challenge using whole body plethysmography (WBP). There was significant variation in methacholine responsiveness due to both strain and HDM treatment, as reflected by changes in the WBP parameter enhanced pause. We also found that distinct QTL regulate baseline [chromosome (Chr) 18] and post-HDM (Chr 19) methacholine responsiveness and that post-HDM airway responsiveness was correlated with other features of AAD. Finally, using invasive measurements of airway mechanics, we tested whether the Chr 19 QTL affects lung resistance per se using C57BL/6J mice and a consomic strain but found that QTL haplotype did not affect lung resistance. We conclude that aspects of baseline and allergen-induced methacholine responsiveness are associated with genetic variation, and that robust detection of airway resistance QTL in genetically diverse mice will be facilitated by direct measurement of airway mechanics.
Testing for the motivation impairment effect during deceptive and truthful interaction

According to the motivation impairment effect (MIE) hypothesis, deceivers who are highly motivated to succeed should suffer detrimental effects on nonverbal performance but facilitative effects on verbal performance relative to deceivers who are less motivated. This should make highly motivated deceivers’ lies more detectable when receivers have access to nonverbal channels. Burgoon (1998) articulated a number of problems with the reasoning underlying the motivation impairment hypothesis and with the data used to support it. Drawing on a more recent theory of interpersonal deception, the current investigation challenges the MIE hypothesis by advancing the alternative predictions that (a) motivation often enhances both verbal and nonverbal performance and (b) does so irrespective of whether deception or truthtelling is occurring. Results from multiple operationalizations of motivation and performance support these predictions.
Enhancing metasurfaces and metamaterials with time-modulation and nonlinear responses

Metasurfaces and metamaterials have been enabling a new and exciting platform to manipulate the propagation, transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves, sound, heat, and other wave phenomena. In this talk, I will provide an overview of our recent efforts to enhance metasurfaces and metamaterials by enabling time modulation and giant nonlinearities in their basic inclusions, opening new horizons for metamaterial technology in various fields of science and technology. I will discuss how suitably tailored temporal modulation and nonlinearities may be able to overcome some of the conventional constraints associated with passive, linear and time-invariant metamaterial devices, including bandwidth constraints, reciprocal responses, and the large influence of losses.
Vascular biomarkers to predict response to exercise in Alzheimer's disease: the study protocol

Introduction Exercise interventions are a promising treatment for improving cognition in persons with Alzheimer9s disease. This is similar to Alzheimer9s disease pharmacotherapies in which only 18–48% of treated patients demonstrate improvement in cognition. Aerobic exercise interventions positively affect brain structure and function through biologically sound pathways. However, an under-studied mechanism of aerobic exercise9s effects is n-3 fatty acids in plasma. The objective of this pilot study is to inform a future large-scale study to develop n-3 fatty acids-based prediction of cognitive responses to aerobic exercise treatment in Alzheimer9s disease. Methods and analysis This study will recruit and follow a cohort of 25 subjects enrolled in the FIT-AD Trial, an ongoing randomised controlled trial that investigates the effects of a 6-month moderate-intensity cycling intervention on cognition and hippocampal volume in older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer9s disease over a year. This study will collect blood from subjects at baseline and at 3 and 6 months to assay vascular biomarkers (ie, plasma fatty acids). Global cognition as measured by the Alzheimer9s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months will be used as the main outcome. A multiple linear-regression model will be used with 12-month change in cognition as the outcome and baseline measure of n-3 fatty acids or changes in the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty-acid levels in plasma at 3 and/or 6 months, randomised treatment group, and their interaction as predictors. Ethics and dissemination We have obtained Institutional Review Board approval for our study. We obtain consent or assent/surrogate consent from all subjects depending on their consenting capacity assessment. Data of this study are/will be stored in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). We plan to present and publish our study findings through presentations and manuscripts. Trial registration number NCT01954550.
The fluctuation–dissipation theorem

AbstractA system in equilibrium will in general exhibit microscopic fluctuations about the equilibrium state. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem relates the spectrum of these fluctuations to a solution of the macroscopic equation describing the approach to equilibrium from a non-equilibrium state. The aim here is to show exactly what the theorem is and how it is to be used. An account of the quantum version of the theorem is given in three parts, depending on the solution of the macroscopic equation used to express the fluctuations: the relaxation function, the response function or the Green function for continuous systems. Each part is illustrated with an example: charge fluctuations in an RLC circuit for the first two and electric field fluctuations in vacuum for the last.
Co-occurring genomic alterations and association with progression free survival in BRAFV600 mutated non-melanoma tumors treated with BRAF inhibitor.

2546Background: Vemurafenib, dabrafenib and tremetinib are FDA approved for treating BRAFV600-mutated melanoma. Vemurafenib has activity in non-melanoma BRAFV600-mutated tumors, as well. Unfortunat...
Monocyte-Macrophages and T Cells in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease process characterized by the focal subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins, immune and vascular wall cells, and extracellular matrix. The lipoproteins acquire features of damage-associated molecular patterns and trigger first an innate immune response, dominated by monocyte-macrophages, and then an adaptive immune response. These inflammatory responses often become chronic and non-resolving and can lead to arterial damage and thrombosis-induced organ infarction. The innate immune response is regulated at various stages, from hematopoiesis to monocyte changes and macrophage activation. The adaptive immune response is regulated primarily by mechanisms that affect the balance between regulatory and effector T cells. Mechanisms related to cellular cholesterol, phenotypic plasticity, metabolism, and aging play key roles in affecting these responses. Herein, we review select topics that shed light on these processes and suggest new treatment strategies.
Being and becoming an ESOL teacher through coursework and internship: Three teacher candidates’ identity negotiation

Relying on the framework of communities of practice and using qualitative case study methods, this study investigated three ESOL teacher candidates’ identity negotiation as they learned to work wit...
Gaming for the Brain: Video Gaming to Rehabilitate the Upper Extremity After Stroke

Abstract This chapter discusses the pros and cons of rehabilitation gaming as an approach to upper extremity rehabilitation after a stroke. Gaming as a means of rehabilitation can expand access to rehabilitation services for rural dwellers or those with limited access to transportation. It can expand the scope of care, increase repetitions, and increase engagement. Virtual rehabilitation approaches appear favored over usual care for treating upper limb disability. When adopting virtual reality into rehabilitation programs, it is critical to combine in-game practice with techniques to promote carryover of training into daily living. Through analysis of continuous motion capture, gaming systems have the potential to advance the field by enabling personalized treatment recommendations.
Dual-polarity slice-GRAPPA for concurrent ghost correction and slice separation in simultaneous multi-slice EPI.

Purpose A ghost correction strategy for Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS) EPI methods that provides improved ghosting artifact reduction compared to conventional methods is presented. Conventional Nyquist ghost correction methods for SMS-EPI rely on navigator data that contain phase errors from all slices in the simultaneously acquired slice-group. These navigator data may contain spatially nonlinear phase differences near regions of B0 inhomogeneity, which violates the linear model employed by most EPI ghost correction algorithms, resulting in poor reconstructions. Methods Dual-Polarity GRAPPA (DPG) was previously shown to accurately model and correct both spatially nonlinear and 2D phase errors in conventional single-slice EPI data. Here, an extension we call Dual-Polarity slice-GRAPPA (DPsG) is adapted to the slice-GRAPPA method and applied to SMS-EPI data for slice separation and ghost correction concurrently-eliminating the need for a separate ghost correction step while also providing improved slice-specific EPI phase error correction. Results Images from in vivo SMS-EPI data reconstructed using DPsG in place of conventional Nyquist ghost correction and slice-GRAPPA are presented. DPsG is shown to reduce ghosting artifacts and provide improved temporal SNR compared to the conventional reconstruction. Conclusion The proposed use of DPsG for SMS-EPI reconstruction can provide images with lower artifact levels, higher image fidelity, and improved time-series stability compared to conventional reconstruction methods.
Re-examining the effect of top down processing on voice perception

The current study aimed to replicate a recent study conducted by Narayan, Mak, & Bialystok (2016) that found effects of top-down linguistic information on a talker discrimination task by comparing four conditions: compounds (day-dream), rhymes (day-bay), reverse compounds (dream-day), and unrelated words (day-bee). The original study used both within- and across-gender pairs and same and different trials were analyzed separately, obscuring possible response biases. Narayan et al. found graded performance between the four conditions, but some results were likely to have been influenced by the use of across-gender trials in the different-talker condition. In the current study, only female speakers were used and results were analyzed with signal detection theory (sensitivity and bias measures). Results revealed that participants were faster to respond to rhyming pairs than the three other conditions. In addition, participants were significantly more sensitive to talker differences in rhyming pairs than unrelated pairs, but no other conditions differed. Participants were more biased to respond “same” in the rhyme and compound conditions than in the unrelated condition. These results demonstrate a partial replication of the Narayan, Mak, & Bialystok (2016) findings, suggesting an interaction between linguistic and talker information during speech perception.The current study aimed to replicate a recent study conducted by Narayan, Mak, & Bialystok (2016) that found effects of top-down linguistic information on a talker discrimination task by comparing four conditions: compounds (day-dream), rhymes (day-bay), reverse compounds (dream-day), and unrelated words (day-bee). The original study used both within- and across-gender pairs and same and different trials were analyzed separately, obscuring possible response biases. Narayan et al. found graded performance between the four conditions, but some results were likely to have been influenced by the use of across-gender trials in the different-talker condition. In the current study, only female speakers were used and results were analyzed with signal detection theory (sensitivity and bias measures). Results revealed that participants were faster to respond to rhyming pairs than the three other conditions. In addition, participants were significantly more sensitive to talker differences in rhyming pairs than unrel...
Fostering civic engagement through native maps: a preliminary study

School mission statements promising to transform students into leaders have become commonplace. Yet there appears to be a disconnect between educational practices and their application to real challenges pertaining to students' communities and to society as a whole. This gap results in a low sense of agency and presents an opportunity to develop tools that foster informed civic engagement and participation.In this paper, we describe a participatory design study conducted with high schoolers from multiple cities in California, USA. After four months, researchers and students developed an interactive map-based tool to weave narratives of local participation and lead adolescents to act upon their neighborhoods' challenges. By manipulating map layers, students were able to augment physical spaces and learned to conceive critical stories about their surroundings. Our preliminary results show that the context of use, sustained interest, and motivation are key factors of success. We finish this article by describing the upcoming steps of our work.
Using time efficiently: genetic-evolutionary algorithms and the continuation problem

This paper develops a macro-level theory of efficient time utilization for genetic and evolutionary algorithms. Building on population sizing results that estimate the critical relationship between solution quality and time, the paper considers the tradeoff between large populations that converge in a single convergence epoch and smaller populations with multiple epochs. Two models suggest a link between the salience structure of a problem and the appropriate population-time configuration for best efficiency.
NOMA Study in 3GPP for 5G

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered as a key enabling technique for 5G, both from the academia and wireless industry. In this paper, we give an overview of technical aspects of NOMA study item currently in 3GPP. Major scope of study is illustrated which covers technologies at transmitter side, typical receiver implementation, related processes and numerical analysis of NOMA performance.
The effects of low intensity focused ultrasonic stimulation on dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells in vitro

Satisfactory treatment of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) faces difficulties owing to the intrinsic biological barriers in larger injuries and invasive surgical interventions. Injury gaps >3 cm have low chances of full motor and sensory recovery, and the unmet need for PNI repair techniques which increase the likelihood of functional recovery while limiting invasiveness motivate this work. Building upon prior work in ultrasound stimulation (US) of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the effects of US on DRG neuron and Schwann cell (SC) cocultures were investigated to uncover the role of SCs in mediating the neuronal response to US in vitro. Acoustic intensity-dependent alteration in selected neuromorphometrics of DRG neurons in coculture with SCs was observed in total outgrowth, primary neurites, and length compared to previously reported DRG monoculture in a calcium-independent manner. SC viability and proliferation were not impacted by US. Conditioned medium studies suggest secreted factors from SCs subjected to US impact DRG neuron morphology. These findings advance the current understanding of mechanisms by which these cell types respond to US, which may lead to new noninvasive US therapies for treating PNI.
MARCI observations of a wavenumber-2 large-scale feature in the north polar hood of Mars: Interpretation with the NASA/Ames Legacy Global Climate Model

Abstract The Mars Color Imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has observed a prominent Fourier wavenumber-2 planetary-scale pattern in the north polar hood clouds that appears in early fall, strengthens as the seasons progress, becomes most pronounced during midwinter, and then disappears by mid-spring as the clouds dissipate. We use the NASA/Ames Legacy Global Climate Model, which is supported by the Mars Climate Modeling Center, to interpret this feature and find that it is caused by a trapped, yet deep, mechanically forced quasi-stationary wavenumber-2. We show that the perturbation temperature and wind fields set up by this forced wave control the boundaries of the polar hood, locking them to fixed topographic ridges and troughs. These perturbation fields also determine the longitudes where the polar hood clouds are thickest, which is generally in the cold sectors set up by the stationary wave. Moisture advection during midwinter, however, changes this pattern, leading to warm regions having the thickest clouds. Observations do not show this pattern, though there is some ambiguity in the data. The source of moisture for the polar hood during midwinter is water released by the retreating south polar seasonal CO2 ice cap, which is carried into the Northern Hemisphere by different components of the global circulation, and in different forms. The model also predicts a seasonal variation in the annular structure of the polar hood for which existing observations are unable to confirm. We discuss the implications of these results and speculate on explanations for the apparent model/observation discrepancies.
“The Man within the Breast” and the Kingdom of Apollo

The internal “impartial spectator,” as traced by Emily Chamlee-Wright through the work of Adam Smith, possesses an ability to resist external censors, if mature and self-regulating. Weakness in the “impartial spectator,” however, opens the way to incursions of authoritarianism from others. This essay discusses how Geoffrey Chaucer’s Manciple’s Tale explores this relationship, predicting that a lack of self-control, i.e., a weak “impartial spectator,” paradoxically leads to silence. The confusion between self-command and social punishment also explains the dynamics of “privilege” call-out culture today, which has mistaken a tool of self-examination for an instrument of public castigation. The divided, self-observing subject appears to be a transhistorical feature of human psychology, which requires continuing protection and cultivation.
Best Practices in the Management of Nonmedical Opioid Use in Patients with Cancer-Related Pain

Introduction Nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) in patients with cancer is a term covering a spectrum of nonprescribed opioid use. The extent to which an individual uses opioids in a nonprescribed manner will influence propensity for adverse effects such as neurotoxicity, substance use disorder, overdose, and death. Objectives The objectives of this study were to (A) evaluate current literature regarding management of NMOU in patients with cancer-related pain; (B) provide best practice recommendations based on evidence; and (C) integrate practices derived from the management of noncancer pain, where clinically appropriate or when the oncology literature is limited. Methods This study is a narrative review. Implications Although harm from NMOU was thought to be rare among oncology patients, about one in five patients with cancer is at risk of adverse outcomes including prolonged opioid use, high opioid doses, and increased health care utilization. The management of NMOU can be challenging because pain is a multidimensional experience encompassing physical, psychological, and spiritual domains. An interdisciplinary team approach is most effective, and management strategies may include (A) education of patients and families; (B) harm reduction, including opioid switching, decreasing the overall daily dose, avoiding concurrent sedative use, and using adjuvant medications for their opioid-sparing potential; (C) managing psychological and spiritual distress with an interdisciplinary team and techniques such as brief motivational interviewing; and (D) risk mitigation by pill counts, frequent clinic visits, and accessing statewide prescription drug monitoring plans. Conclusion Although many of the management strategies for NMOU in patients with cancer-related pain are modeled on those for chronic non-cancer-related pain, there is emerging evidence that education and harm-reduction initiatives specifically for cancer-related pain are effective. Implications for practice Nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) in patients with cancer is a term covering a broad spectrum of nonprescribed opioid use. The extent to which an individual uses opioids in a nonprescribed manner will influence propensity for adverse effects such as neurotoxicity, substance use disorder, overdose, and death. This review evaluates the evidence for best practices in oncology and addresses limitations in the literature with supplemental evidence from noncancer chronic pain. Management recommendations for NMOU are provided, based on a combination of literature-based evidence and best clinical practice. Effective management of NMOU in oncology has the potential to improve quality of life, decrease health utilization, and improve survival.
Resolution Enhancement in Wide-Field IR Imaging and Time-Domain Spectroscopy Using Dielectric Microspheres

Wide-field imaging through dielectric microspheres has emerged in recent years as a simple and effective approach for generating super-resolution images at visible wavelengths. We present, to our k...
Screening Talent for Task Assignment: Absolute or Percentile Thresholds?

Matching talents to tasks is an important part of job design. Organizations routinely use performance thresholds to group agents by talent. We see thresholds defined both in terms of an individual's own performance (absolute value) and in terms of peer performance (percentile). Intuition suggests a preference for percentile thresholds because the resulting rank‐order statistic is sufficient to assess relative talent. Yet, in the context of a task assignment problem in which the objective is to match talent with task type (using two agents and two task types), we show that absolute thresholds can dominate percentile thresholds under either of two conditions. First, flexibility in task assignment tilts the balance toward absolute thresholds. Second, performance manipulation can adversely affect the inherent advantage of percentile thresholds because they motivate agents to invest relatively more in personally costly influence activities to cast their performance in a favorable light. We examine how these results hold up when there are countably large number of agents and discuss empirical implications.
Single-unit vs multiple-unit transfusion in hemodynamically stable postpartum anemia: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background The American Academy of Blood Banks recommends single-unit red cell transfusion protocols across medicine to reduce transfusion complications and use of a scarce resource. There is minimal data regarding single-unit protocols within obstetrics. Objective We aimed to compare a single- vs. multiple-unit transfusion protocol for treatment of hemodynamically stable postpartum anemia. Study Design We performed a randomized trial comparing initial transfusion with 1 unit of packed red blood cells [pRBCs] (single-unit protocol) to 2 units of pRBCs (multiple-unit protocol) from 3/2018-7/2019. Postpartum women >6 hours from delivery who required transfusion were approached for consent. Unstable vital signs, hemoglobin(Hb) Results 66 women were randomized (33/arm). There were no differences between groups in demographic or clinical characteristics, including delivery mode, blood loss, and randomization Hb. Mean number of units transfused was lower in the single- compared to the multiple-unit protocol (1.2u vs. 2.1u, p Conclusion In women with hemodynamically stable postpartum anemia, a single-unit protocol avoids a second unit of pRBCs in >80% of women without significant impact on morbidity. Our work supports use of single-unit initial transfusion in this population.
Defending Public Safety and Business Infrastructure: Effective Statutory Responses to Black Bloc Domestic Terrorism

Police must be provided with consistent and unambiguous legal authority to arrest and detain domestic terror suspects who are “armed, equipped and prepared” to engage in illegal acts that are dangerous to human life and safety, or who appear to intimidate or coerce others, or that appear to be intended to affect the conduct of a government by destruction of property or physical violence. If individuals engaged in so-called Black Bloc tactics face preemptive misdemeanor arrests (or felony arrests for actually engaging in violence) they will be forced to remove masks and be deprived of their most effective (and disruptive) tactical tools and strategies. In many cases, they might just stay home. On the other hand, groups using these techniques may adapt to circumvent the ways in which they are profiled. In every instance, there are substantial First Amendment considerations that necessitate careful tailoring of law enforcement measures to threats posed, and practical considerations that may make such measures sparingly used, especially if employed in a preemptive manner.
Abstract IA04: COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers in New York City

Background: Patients with lung cancers may have distinct vulnerability to severe COVID-19. Understanding the patient-specific and cancer-specific features that impact severity of COVID-19 may inform optimal cancer care during this pandemic. A key question is whether PD-1 blockade therapy impacts COVID-19 severity. Methods: We identified consecutive patients with lung cancer and a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test seen at a single cancer center in New York City. We performed detailed manual review of the disease course, medical and oncologic history. COVID-19 severity outcomes were predefined, including need for hospitalization, ICU/intubation/transition to DNI-status, or death. We examined clinical features associated with severity using single and multivariable analyses. Regarding the impact of PD-1 blockade, we prespecified several bio-plausible comparisons of PD-1 exposure. HLA alleles were inferred from NGS and compared to controls with lung cancer and no known COVID-19. Results: We identified 102 patients with lung cancers and a SARS-CoV-2 positive swab between March 12, 2020 and May 6, 2020. Patients were followed until May 11, 2020. COVID-19 was severe in patients with lung cancers (62% hospitalized, 25% died), but accounted for only 11% of deaths among patients with lung cancer during the pandemic. Determinants of COVID-19 severity were largely patient specific, including smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cancer-specific features, including prior thoracic surgery/radiation and recent systemic therapies, did not impact severity. Likelihood of severe COVID-19 was generally similar across HLA class I supertypes. We found no significant differences in the impact of PD-1 blockade on COVID-19 severity. Modest numerical increases in severity of COVID-19 associated with prior PD-1 blockade were diminished (Odds ratio 0.86-1.01) after adjusting for expected imbalances in prior smoking history. Most patients recovered from COVID-19, including 25% of patients initially requiring intubation. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with a high burden of severity in patients with lung cancers. Patient-specific features, rather than cancer-specific features or treatments, were the greatest determinants of severity. In particular, PD-1 blockade did not appear to impact severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers. Citation Format: Jia Luo, Hira Rizvi, Isabel R. Preeshagul, Jacklynn V. Egger, David Hoyos, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Mark T.A. Donoghue, Marta Łuksza, Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Jedd D. Wolchok, Mark G. Kris, Matthew D. Hellmann. COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Whither and How Food Animal Medicine Approaches the Millennium

We have had the advantage of hearing from Dr. Ed Jesse, Dr. Robert Cropp and Mr. Richard Catta, so we are better informed than only a few hours ago on the various --- and complicated, aspects of milk pricing and marketing, the shifting demographics of the dairy industry, and the challenges facing dairy producers in the years ahead leading us to the millennium. Where will the food animal veterinary practitioner be in these coming years of change and challenge? What role will we play in helping to influence and shape the future of "our" dairy industry?
Oxidation reduction properties of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum W5

Abstract Dithionite reduced azoferredoxin and molybdoferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum W5 were oxidatively titrated with various electron acceptors. The AzoFd gave up 0.87 electrons per AzoFd monomer (27,500 mol. wt.). The oxidation reduction potential of AzoFd, determined by equilibrium with redox dyes, was −0.240 V. Dithionite reduced MoFd gave up 3.6 electrons per MoFd tetramer (220,000 mol. wt.). The oxidation reduction potential for MoFd was −0.070 V. Because the potential of this MoFd half cell is so positive, the electrons removed during this oxidation may not be those that reduce dinitrogen.