cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue Release of Adenosine Triphosphate Degradation Products During Shock in Dogs

Clinical monitoring of cellular metabolism during shock, based largely on traditional metabolic indicators, remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to compare venous oxygen tension and blood lactate gradients with blood gradients of purine nucleotide degradation products which are derived from tissue ATP catabolism during hypovolemic shock. Sixteen dogs were instrumented to sample arterial and venous blood. Measurements of arteriovenous lactate and PNDP gradients during spontaneous respiration were examined at four tissue sites: gut, kidney, hindlimb, and diaphragm. Hypovolemic shock (mean arterial blood pressure 35 to 40 mm Hg) was induced and maintained for one hour. The above parameters were remeasured at 30 and 60 minutes after induction of shock. Hypoxanthine gradients were greater than that of other PNDP, and so were used as the primary indicator of tissue ATP metabolism. In the hindlimb, the mean AV gradients for hypoxanthine (1 ± 1 μM) were not significantly greater than baseline, while the lactate gradient (700 ± 300 μM) rose markedly. In contrast, across the kidney there was a significantly greater AV hypoxanthine gradient (16 ± 3 μM, p o 2 values less than 35 mm Hg predicted an increased hypoxanthine gradient across the kidney, but not across the hindlimb. We conclude that the metabolic response to hypovolemic shock as assessed by PNDP gradients, lactate gradients, and venous P o 2 differs among tissues. Although resting muscle such as the hindlimb may be an important source of blood lactate, the viscera and working skeletal muscle (the diaphragm) are major contributors to circulating PNDP. (Chest 1990; 97:220-26)
Targeting and Processing of Nuclear-encoded Apicoplast Proteins in Plastid Segregation Mutants of Toxoplasma gondii

The apicoplast is a distinctive organelle associated with apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium sp. (which cause malaria) and Toxoplasma gondii (the causative agent of toxoplasmosis). This unusual structure (acquired by the engulfment of an ancestral alga and retention of the algal plastid) is essential for long-term parasite survival. Similar to other endosymbiotic organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts), the apicoplast contains proteins that are encoded in the nucleus and post-translationally imported. Translocation across the four membranes surrounding the apicoplast is mediated by an N-terminal bipartite targeting sequence. Previous studies have described a recombinant "poison" that blocks plastid segregation during mitosis, producing parasites that lack an apicoplast and siblings containing a gigantic, nonsegregating plastid. To learn more about this remarkable phenomenon, we examined the localization and processing of the protein produced by this construct. Taking advantage of the ability to isolate apicoplast segregation mutants, we also demonstrated that processing of the transit peptide of nuclear-encoded apicoplast proteins requires plastid-associated activity.
Particulate removal from high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gases

Abstract The adoption by utilities of coal-fired pressurized fluidized-bed/combined cycle combustion systems for electric power generation depends to a large extent on the development of an efficient and economic cleanup system for the high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gases. For adequate turbine protection, these gases must be sufficiently cleaned to bring particulate erosion and alkali vapor corrosion to a level acceptable to gas turbine manufacturers. At the same time, the total particulate content of the flue gas must be reduced to the limit set by the Environmental Protection agency. To accomplish particulate removal from a dust-laden gas stream, a number of separation devices have been developed. These include conventional and augmented cyclones; porous metal, fiber, fabric, and ceramic filters, as well as fixed, moving, and fluidized-bed granular filters; and electrostatic precipitators. Several other novel separation devices have been proposed and developed to different degrees such as: contactors using molten salt, metal, or glass, dry scrubbers, acoustic agglomerators, as well as cyclones and granular-bed filters with external electrostatic or magnetic fields. Some of these separation devices in various combinations have been tested in process development units or in hot gas simulators by ANL, CPC, CURL, CW, Exxon, GE, Westinghouse, etc. The results are discussed and evaluated for PFBC applications.
Fault simulation under the multiple observation time approach using backward implications

We present an improved procedure for fault simulation under themultiple observation time approach based on state expansion.Under state expansion, an incompletely specified state reachedduring fault simulation is replaced by 2{k} states, each one assigninga different combination to k unspecified present state variables.For each expanded state, additional output values are thenimplied. As a result, a fault that cannot be identified as detectedusing conventional simulation may now be identified as detected.The procedure proposed here enhances state expansion by backwardimplications to take advantage of every present state variablevalue specified under state expansion. As a result of usingbackward implications, fewer states need to be considered afterstate expansion, fewer state expansions are potentially neededfor every fault, and the number of faults that can be efficientlyconsidered is increased. Experimental results are presented tosupport these claims.
Mean-gain-shape vector quantization

A mean-gain-shape product code which obtains the minimum distortion reproduction vector by successive encoding in each of the three codebooks is presented. Pruned tree-structured vector quantizers (PTSVQs) are used to provide variable rate codes at low encoding complexity. Simultaneous pruning of the three codebooks provides optimal bit allocation. Prediction and concatenation are used to take advantage of interblock correlation. The results compare favorably with those of other tree-structured VQ methods. The algorithm produces quantized images of good quality with low encoding complexity and reduced memory requirements. >
The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the development of β-adrenergic receptors in the rat submandibular salivary gland

Abstract During the development of the rat submandibular gland (SMG) there is a clearly-defined sequence in the maturation of the β-adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase-linked stimulus-secretion coupling system. The sympathetic nervous system does not become functionally linked to the exocrine process in the SMG until approximately six days after birth. The temporal correlation of the ingrowth of catecholamine-containing nerve processes, the appearance of β-adrenergic receptors and the functional coupling of the stimulus-secretion system suggested the possibility of a cause and effect relationship between the appearance of the catecholamine-containing nerves in the gland and the maturational increase in the number of β-adrenergic receptors. Chemical sympathectomy in neonates did not effect the time of appearance or the number of β-adrenergic receptors seen in the developing gland. However, chronic isoproterenol treatment resulted in accelerated maturation of the gland with a concomitant premature appearance of the β-receptors. These data suggest that the increase in the number of β-adrenergic receptors which normally occurs in the developing gland at 5–6 days after birth is a specifically-programmed step closely associated with the degree of maturation attained by the cells and is independent from the ingrowth of catecholamine-containing nerves.
Interrelationship of alcohol misuse, HIV sexual risk and HIV screening uptake among emergency department patients

Emergency department (ED) patients comprise a high-risk population for alcohol misuse and sexual risk for HIV. In order to design future interventions to increase HIV screening uptake, we examined the interrelationship among alcohol misuse, sexual risk for HIV and HIV screening uptake among these patients. A random sample of 18-64-year-old English- or Spanish-speaking patients at two EDs during July-August 2009 completed a self-administered questionnaire about their alcohol use using the Alcohol Use Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the HIV Sexual Risk Questionnaire. Study participants were offered a rapid HIV test after completing the questionnaires. Binging (≥ five drinks/occasion for men, ≥ four drinks for women) was assessed and sex-specific alcohol misuse severity levels (low-risk, harmful, hazardous, dependence) were calculated using AUDIT scores. Analyses were limited to participants who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between HIV screening uptake and (1) alcohol misuse, (2) sexual risk for HIV, and (3) the intersection of HIV sexual risk and alcohol misuse. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. All models were adjusted for patient demographic characteristics and separate models for men and women were constructed. Of 524 participants (55.0% female), 58.4% identified as white, non-Hispanic, and 72% reported previous HIV testing. Approximately 75% of participants reported drinking alcohol within the past 30 days and 74.5% of men and 59.6% of women reported binge drinking. A relationship was found between reported sexual risk for HIV and alcohol use among men (AOR 3.31 [CI 1.51-7.24]) and women (AOR 2.78 [CI 1.48-5.23]). Women who reported binge drinking were more likely to have higher reported sexual risk for HIV (AOR 2.55 [CI 1.40-4.64]) compared to women who do not report binge drinking. HIV screening uptake was not higher among those with greater alcohol misuse and sexual risk among men or women. The apparent disconnection between HIV screening uptake and alcohol misuse and sexual risk for HIV among ED patients in this study is concerning. Brief interventions emphasizing these associations should be evaluated to reduce alcohol misuse and sexual risk and increase the uptake of ED HIV screening.
Angular Momentum in the Sculptor Group

The spins of the major galaxies in the nearby Sculptor Group agree with those calculated to be produced by tidal interactions among themselves. The agreement is closer than would be expected from published uncertainties in distances, indicating either that these uncertainties are smaller than calculated or that they are correlated. Three pairs of galaxies (NGC 55 and 300, 247 and 253, and 45 and 7793) are in approximate two-body orbits; the direction of orbital angular momentum for the first two pairs is derived.
The BrdU content of DNA is decreased during reversal of inhibition of myogenesis by deoxycytidine

The mechanism by which 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) inhibits cell differentiation is unresolved. The ability of deoxycytidine to reverse the inhibition of myogenesis produced by BrdU has been cited as evidence that the inhibition is not a direct result of the incorporation of BrdU into cellular DNA. In contrast to previous work, the present study demonstrates a direct correlation between the effects of deoxycytidine on myogenic cells and a reduction in the substitution of BrdU for thymidine in the DNA. Further-more, the reversal occurs at the same degree of BrdU substitution (20-30%) as is required to inhibit myogenesis when cells are grown in BrdU alone or with deoxycytidine in a medium that prevents the conversion of deoxycytidine to thymidine. The effects of deoxycytidine thus do not support a mechanism of action of BrdU in myogenic cells independent of its effects on DNA.
Mechanism of Transcription Through the Nucleosome by Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase

Nucleosomes, the nucleohistone subunits of chromatin, are present on transcribed eukaryotic genes but do not prevent transcription. It is shown here that the large yeast RNA polymerase III transcribes through a single nucleosome. This takes place through a direct internal nucleosome transfer in which histones never leave the DNA template. During this process, the polymerase pauses with a pronounced periodicity of 10 to 11 base pairs, which is consistent with restricted rotation in the DNA loop formed during transfer. Transcription through nucleosomes by the eukaryotic enzyme and by much smaller prokaryotic RNA polymerases thus shares many features, reflecting an important property of nucleosomes.
Gold/Fab immuno electron microscopy localization of troponin H and troponin T in Lethocerus flight muscle.

Abstract The position of the large troponin complex relative to myosin crossbridges in Lethocerus flight muscle (IFM) has been probed by electron microscopy (EM) using monoclonal antibodies against troponin T (TnT) and troponin H (TnH), a heavy troponin component found in several insect muscles. Infiltration of gold-tagged and plain Fab fragments into glycerinated IFM before fixation established in non-overlap fibers that the beads every 38·7 nm along thin filaments are troponin. Original and optically filtered EM images from 25 nm longitudinal and 15 nm cross-sections of partially overlapped fibers suggests that epitopes on both TnT and TnH are very close to the rear crossbridge of the rigor double chevron. When Fab was infiltrated into relaxed fibers and ATP was subsequently removed, the resulting rigor crossbridge lattice was disrupted by antibody labeling of the troponin. The results confirm that the lattice of rigor crossbridges and troponin are congruent and suggest that crossbridges may interact with troponin in IFM, possibly serving as a partial basis for the stretch activation characteristic of this muscle.
Steroid receptors and orphan receptors in Drosophila development

Drosophila steroid receptors and related receptor-like proteins show remarkable conservation of structure and function relative to vertebrate homologues. While those proteins are involved in numerous embryonic and post-embryonic developmental processes, a striking number of receptor-like proteins are clustered in regulatory hierarchies under the control of the insect molting hormone ecdysone. This has suggested a number of models based on competitive, cooperative and inter-regulatory interactions between these proteins.
Preservation of urethral plate spongiosum: technique to reduce hypospadias fistulas.

Abstract Objectives. Fistula remains the most common complication of hypospadias repair. Buried and well-vascularized suture lines reduce the incidence of fistula. We review the results of routine preservation and incorporation of the abortive spongiosum to prevent fistulas with the onlay island flap technique of hypospadias repair. Methods. Thirty-six consecutive boys underwent hypospadias repair with an onlay island flap during a 2-year period, with preservation and incorporation of the abortive spongiosum. The technique of using the abortive spongiosum in these children was reviewed. The age at surgery, preoperative meatal position, chordee presence, and neourethral length was noted. Results. The average age at surgery was 13.1 ± 18.5 months, with an average follow-up of 15.4 ± 6.7 months. The preoperative meatal position was midshaft in 15 boys, more proximal in 14, and more distal in 7 boys. Four boys required dorsal plication because of persistent chordee after skin takedown. The average neourethral length created with the onlay flap was 16.8 ± 7.6 mm. Complications occurred in 5 patients and included three diverticulae, one urinary tract infection, and one glanular adhesion. No fistula occurred in any patient. Conclusions. The abortive spongiosum is routinely obtainable with careful penile degloving. This technique provides a vascular tissue for coverage of the suture lines and reduces fistula formation.
Coherence of associativity in categories with multiplication

Abstract We show that any associativity isomorphism in a category with multiplication is coherent in the sense of MacLane if the operations for building new isomorphisms from it are restricted so that tensoring with the identity is only allowed on the right instead of on both the right and the left. With this restriction, coherence is obtained without the assumption that the pentagon diagram commutes.
An efficient fixed-point implementation of residual resampling scheme for high-speed particle filters

A novel low-complexity residual resampling scheme for particle filters is presented. The proposed scheme uses a simple but effective "particle-tagging" method to compensate for a possible error that can be caused by finite-precision quantization in the resampling step of particle filtering. The scheme guarantees that the number of particles after resampling is always equal to the number of particles before resampling. The resulting scheme is suitable for high-speed physical realization when the number of particles is a power of two.
Empirically Derived Patterns of Perceived Stress Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Relationships to Metabolic Control

hemoglobin A1c (a long-term measure of metabolic control) was obtained from their medical record. Results Latent profile analyses revealed three perceived-stress profiles: ‘‘low stress’’ (LS), ‘‘interpersonal/peer’’ (IP), and ‘‘family stress’’ (FS). The FS and IP groups reported more overall stress than the LS group; however, only the FS group’s HbA1c values were significantly higher than either the LS or IP groups. Conclusions A global measure of stress may not accurately account for the association between perceived stress and metabolic control. FS, rather than IP stress seems to be a key stress domain linked to suboptimal metabolic control.
Theory of metallic binding

Abstract This paper gives a model for metals that shows physically how the binding comes about. For subgroup A metals it gives a good account of the density, energy, and valence. The basic idea is to treat the conduction electrons as a gas of uniform density in a spherical shell around impenetrable spheres representing the ion cores.
Productivity Enhancement for Maintenance Equipment Operations Using Telematics Technology

Historically the construction industry has taken a conservative approach to using new technologies; however there is increasing demand from both public and private sector to enhance roadway maintenance operation productivity using a telematics technology. The term telematics literally means any integrated use of wireless telecommunication and informatics. Telematics collect and transmit various real time data from remotely deployed equipment to a centrally integrated database system through various wireless systems. The use of telematics technology is a way to not only assess existing equipment productivity but also provide a baseline for future productivity improvement, optimizing operation planning, and establishing long-term strategic organization. Operation managers will potentially achieve various benefits such as more effective and efficient equipment operation in a wider area, flexibility and resiliency of operation planning, and, eventually, financial benefits from the ability to use smaller maintenance equipment fleets. The paper presents 1) details of telematics technology, and a suggested application plan for telematics data collection system implementation, 2) information on raw data integration and productivity data analysis for development of a fleet management metrics to identify areas of improvement.
Vapor-Phase Facile Coatings of Nanotextured Organic Biocompatible Films on Solid-State Substrates

Fluorinated coatings of solid surfaces are important for many applications ranging from corrosion resistance to low surface energy biological interfaces. We present a facile approach to coat solid-state surfaces directly from vapor phase without harsh chemical or plasma treatments. The coatings show nanostructures with high surface area, which is important for variety of surface functionalizations, for example, in molecule attachment and cell growth. The novel polymeric nanoporous film is achieved from the reaction and deposition of two molecules. The surface morphology and pore sizes of the coating on solid-state surfaces can be tuned with change in concentration of monomers in a simple reaction chamber. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show organic nature of the coating. Cell growth studies are done to gauge biocompatibility and adsorption of proteins and cells. The approach can be used to coat, functionalize, and treat nano- and microstructures for a variety of applications with minimal chemical footprint.
SHIPMENT ROUTING ALGORITHMS WITH TREE CONSTRAINTS

Routing shipments efficiently on less-than-truckload trucking networks represents an important subproblem of the general network design problem that arises when designing a service network. The objective of the LTL shipment routing problem is to minimize the total transportation and handling costs subject to two key constraints: (i) service between two terminals must always satisfy a given minimum frequency (measured in trailers per week) and (ii) the paths from all origins into a destination should form a tree. This second constraint reflects a practical limitation on the types of instructions that can be implemented in the field. A solution approach is developed using a shortest path based formulation with additional routing constraints imposed to refine the routing in response to minimum frequency constraints. A local improvement heuristic is presented which manipulates the routing constraints. A separate set of primal-dual algorithms are also developed which provide both upper and lower bounds. Numeri...
Re-projection of terabyte-sized images

This work addresses the problem of re-projecting a terabyte-sized 3D data set represented as a set of 2D Deep Zoom pyramids. In general, a re-projection for small 3D data sets is executed directly in RAM. However, RAM becomes a limiting factor for terabyte-sized 3D volumes formed by a stack of hundreds of megapixel to gigapixel 2D frames. We have benchmarked three methods to perform the re-projection computation in order to overcome the RAM limitation.
Industrially synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes: compositional data for users, environmental risk assessments, and source apportionment.

Commercially available single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) contain large percentages of metal and carbonaceous impurities. These fractions influence the SWCNT physical properties and performance, yet their chemical compositions are not well defined. This lack of information also precludes accurate environmental risk assessments for specific SWCNT stocks, which emerging local legislation requires of nanomaterial manufacturers. To address these needs, we measured the elemental, molecular, and stable carbon isotope compositions of commercially available SWCNTs. As expected, catalytic metals occurred at per cent levels (1.3‐29%), but purified materials also contained unexpected metals (e.g., Cu, Pb at 0.1‐0.3 ppt). Nitrogen contents (up to 0.48%) were typically greater in arc-produced SWCNTs than in those derived from chemical vapor deposition. Toluene-extractable materials contributed less than 5% of the total mass of the SWCNTs. Internal standard losses during dichloromethane extractions suggested that metals are available for reductive dehalogenation reactions, ultimately resulting in the degradation of aromatic internal standards. The carbon isotope content of the extracted material suggested that SWCNTs acquired much of their carbonaceous contamination from their storage environment. Some of the SWCNTs, themselves, were highly depleted in 13 C relative to petroleum-derived chemicals. The distinct carbon isotopic signatures and unique metal ‘fingerprints’ may be useful as environmental tracers allowing assessment of SWCNT sources to the environment.
Implications of external memory for investigations of mind

SUMMARY External memory-records of experiences that are maintained in repositories that are external to their users-provides context for many everyday cognitive acts. Some initial research has shown that such context influences learning, remembering, and judgements of knowing. The scope of both basic and applied memory research should be broadened in ways that address issues about the interaction of external memory and mind.
Statistical aspects of the TNK-S2B trial of tenecteplase versus alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: an efficient, dose-adaptive, seamless phase II/III design

Background TNK-S2B, an innovative, randomized, seamless phase II/III trial of tenecteplase versus rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke, terminated for slow enrollment before regulatory approval of use of phase II patients in phase III. Purpose (1) To review the trial design and comprehensive type I error rate simulations and (2) to discuss issues raised during regulatory review, to facilitate future approval of similar designs. Methods In phase II, an early (24-h) outcome and adaptive sequential procedure selected one of three tenecteplase doses for phase III comparison with rt-PA. Decision rules comparing this dose to rt-PA would cause stopping for futility at phase II end, or continuation to phase III. Phase III incorporated two co-primary hypotheses, allowing for a treatment effect at either end of the trichotomized Rankin scale. Assuming no early termination, four interim analyses and one final analysis of 1908 patients provided an experiment-wise type I error rate of <0.05. Results Over 1,000 distribution scenarios, each involving 40,000 replications, the maximum type I error in phase III was 0.038. Inflation from the dose selection was more than offset by the one-half continuity correction in the test statistics. Inflation from repeated interim analyses was more than offset by the reduction from the clinical stopping rules for futility at the first interim analysis. Limitations Design complexity and evolving regulatory requirements lengthened the review process. Conclusions (1) The design was innovative and efficient. Per protocol, type I error was well controlled for the co-primary phase III hypothesis tests, and experiment-wise. (2a) Time must be allowed for communications with regulatory reviewers from first design stages. (2b) Adequate type I error control must be demonstrated. (2c) Greater clarity is needed on (i) whether this includes demonstration of type I error control if the protocol is violated and (ii) whether simulations of type I error control are acceptable. (2d) Regulatory agency concerns that protocols for futility stopping may not be followed may be allayed by submitting interim analysis results to them as these analyses occur.
Metronomic hardware design used to maintain respiratory tempo during EKG signal acquisition

I have designed, built, and tested a visual pacesetting device that enables the EKG subject to easily follow a set, clean tempo for respiration without any sudden or unexpected changes. This device is user friendly, clear, aesthetically pleasant (to preclude increased sympathetic activity), and is geared toward being used in conjunction with an independent respiratory-measuring device. Such an independent respiratory-measuring device enables the researcher to follow the subject's breathing rate. My project is a view box with a column of 5mm diffused light emitting diodes (LEDs) that brightens while moving down at .2 Hz corresponding to a breathing rate of 12 breaths per minute. The over-arching goal of this technique was that the subject would breathe according to the pace demonstrated by the view box: the lights descending corresponding to inhalation. The implementation of this control mechanism also includes an independent respiratory-measuring device with which the researcher is able to keep track of the subject's breathing rate. This independent device could be any one of the following: respiration pneumograph which converts changes in thoracic impedance resulting from respiration into a high level respiration signal and Respitrace/sup /spl trade// which uses a similar technique but has a higher level of sensitivity. The implemented circuit design includes a timer in the form of a square-wave oscillator, a decade counter to disperse the timing signal to each of the five LEDs, and a power supply. Independent of the actual circuit would be one of the above-mentioned respiratory measuring devices. This device enables the subject to maintain a more controlled and constant respiration rate, which allows for the transformation of cleaner signals in the frequency domain. Upon transformation, the researcher is now capable of studying the subject's autonomic nervous system (sympathetic, parasympathetic). The use of this device rides on the canonical association of a lower, more controlled respiration rate producing a more robust level of parasympathetic activity. For example, a respiration rate of 12 breaths per minute is indicative (within the frequency spectrum) of more significant parasympathetic activity while hyperventilation creates a fall in the same. Furthermore, breathing at a rate of 4 breaths per minute induces meditation. Greater parasympathetic activity indicates a more relaxed patient.
An analysis of persistent symptoms in acid-suppressed patients undergoing impedance-pH monitoring

Background & Aims: Despite proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), patients may have persistent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to identify symptom types and frequency experienced by patients on PPI therapy, and to identify the type of reflux, if any, associated with these symptoms. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 200 patients on PPI with GERD symptoms during ambulatory impedance-pH testing. The symptom index (SI) was determined for each symptom, and an SI of 50% or more was considered positive. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with exclusively nonacid reflux (NAR) episodes and those with mixed-acid and NAR episodes. Symptom profiles were compared between these 2 groups. Results: A total of 415 symptoms were reported by the 200 patients on twice-daily PPIs. Throat clearing was most common (24%). A total of 110 (27%) were typical symptoms and 305 (73%) were atypical. Typical symptoms were more likely to have a positive SI than atypical symptoms (48% vs 25%, P P P Conclusions: Patients on PPIs still experience GERD symptoms. Impedance-pH monitoring identifies similar symptom associations with all types of reflux and also clarifies symptoms not related to any reflux.
The value of columnists’ stock recommendations: an event study approach

This study examines the value of stock recommendations made by columnists in three leading business magazines; Business Week, Forbes, and Fortune during the period 2000–2003. Empirical results suggest that the anomalous returns documented in prior studies on columnists are sample specific and are not representative of columnist recommendations in general. We also investigate whether columnists’ timing, content and style affect the market reaction to recommendations. We find that recommendations that contain references to management or provide merger & acquisition related rumor trigger significantly greater market reactions. Finally, our long-term performance analysis of columnist recommendations suggests that investors following columnists’ advice during the 2000–2003 period would not have consistently earned abnormal returns controlling for market risk, book-to-market, size, and momentum effects.
Flat polymer ribbons and other shapes by electrospinning

In addition to round nanofibers, electrospinning a polymer solution can produce thin fibers with a variety of cross-sectional shapes. Branched fibers, flat ribbons, ribbons with other shapes, and fibers that were split longitudinally from larger fibers were observed. The transverse dimensions of these asymmetric fibers were typically 1 or 2 μm, measured in the widest direction. A correlation of the branches and bends, observed in high-frame-rate videography of the electrified jets of polymer solutions from which the ribbons and branched fibers were produced, suggest that these phenomena occur at scales ranging from around 1 mm to 1 μm. The observation of fibers with these cross-sectional shapes from a number of different kinds of polymers and solvents indicates that fluid mechanical effects, electrical charge carried with the jet, and evaporation of the solvent all contributed to the formation of the fibers. The influence of a skin on the jets of polymer solutions accounts for a number of the observations. The observed shapes can be used as guides for the extension of mathematical or computer-generated models for the electrospinning process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2598–2606, 2001
Engineering the Web for Multimedia

This paper examines the issues related to developing web applications that use digital media, with particular emphasis on digital video. The nature of digital video brings additional complexity to engineering solutions on the web due to the large data sizes in comparison with text, the temporal nature of video, proprietary data formats, and issues related to separation of functionality between content creation, content indexing with associated metadata, and content delivery. The goal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of different component technologies involved in deploying video-based web applications, and the tradeoffs involved with each option. As an illustrative example, we describe the requirements leading to the architecture of a video-based web application, CueVideo: a system for search and browse of video and related material.
Towards a therapist-centered programming environment for creating rehabilitation games

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the developed world. Motion based video games show promise in helping people with hemiparesis (or partial paralysis) due to a stroke recover motor abilities. However, commercially available games are typically only playable by a minority of people with hemiparesis. Custom games can address the needs of a broader group of people with hemiparesis, but are expensive and time consuming to build. Environments that enable therapists to quickly create motion-based games tailored to individuals with hemiparesis may enable faster research exploration of the rehabilitation game design space and, ultimately, wider use of games in stroke recovery. This paper presents guidelines for and research challenges in the design of programming tools for therapists drawn from two studies. In the first study, we asked ten therapists to describe the relationship between players performing therapeutic motions and the motions of objects within the game world. Based on the language study results, we augmented an existing novice programming environment with support to detect and react to therapy motions. A second study, in which we asked pairs of therapists to design and build a therapeutic game, suggests guidelines for supporting therapists in programming games. These include including focusing on the player rather than input devices and using a mixture of events and constraints to capture player motion.
Macrolide Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Inducers of Macrolide Resistance

Several macrolide-, lincosamide-, and streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics were tested as inducers of erythromycin A (EM)-resistant [(14)C]leucine incorporation. Only 14-membered-ring macrolides having a glycosidically linked 6-deoxy sugar at the C-3 position of the lactone ring and the structurally dissimilar lincosamide, celesticetin, showed inducer activity. Modifications of EM at the C-4'' position of cladinose can apparently destroy the inducer property but do not affect the inhibitory properties of the antibiotic. The findings clearly show that inducer and inhibitor activities can be dissociated and are consistent with the concept that distinct binding/receptor sites are utilized for inhibition of ribosome function and induction of resistance.
Integrated Nonmagnetic Optical Isolators Based on Photonic Transitions $^{\ast}$

Based on the effects of photonic transitions, here we show that a linear, broadband, and nonreciprocal isolator can be accomplished by spatial-temporal refractive index modulations that simultaneously impart frequency and wave vector shifts during the photonic transition process. This paper demonstrates that on-chip isolation can be accomplished with dynamic photonic structures in standard material systems that are widely used for integrated optoelectronic applications.
Passive vs. active touch-induced activity in the developing whisker pathway

The mouse trigeminal (V) system undergoes significant postnatal structural and functional developmental changes. Histological modules (barrelettes, barreloids and barrels) in the brainstem, thalamus and cortex related to actively moved (whisking) tactile hairs (vibrissae) on the face allow detailed studies of development. High-resolution [(3) H]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) emulsion autoradiography with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry was used to analyze neuronal activity changes related to specific whisker modules in the developing and mature mouse V system provoked by passive (experimenter-induced) and active (animal-induced) displacements of a single whisker (D4). We tested the hypothesis that neuronal activity patterns change in relation to the onset of active touch (whisking) on postnatal day (P)14. Quantitative image analyses revealed: (i) on P7, when whisker-like patterns of modules are clear, heightened 2DG activity in all appropriate modules in the brainstem, thalamus and cortex; (ii) on P14, a transitory activity pattern coincident with the emergence of whisking behavior that presages (iii) strong labeling of the spinal V subnucleus interpolaris and barrel cortex produced by single-whisker-mediated active touch in adults and (iv) at all above-listed ages and structures, significant suppression of baseline activity in some modules surrounding those representing the stimulated whisker. Differences in activity patterns before and after the onset of whisking behavior may be caused by neuronal activity induced by whisking, and by strengthening of modulatory projections that alter the activity of subcortical inputs produced by whisking behavior during active touch.
Clinical Spectrum of Lipoid Nephrosis

The term lipoid nephrosis is used to denote the nephrotic syndrome produced by a glomerulopathy characterized by normal or minimal histopathological changes by light microscopy. By electron and immunofluorescent microscopy there is generalized effacement of foot processes of epithelial cells and negligible deposits of immunoglobulins and complement. Since neither the etiology or the pathogenesis of lipoid nephrosis is established, lipoid nephrosis can be considered as a syndrome with some variants in regard to pathology and clinical characteristics. Some years ago we suggested that focal glomerulosclerosis was one such variant, and in this review we consider lipoid nephrosis under the two general headings of minimal-change disease and focal glomerulosclerosis.
Advancing autonomous swarm capabilities: From simulation to experimentation

With increasing availability and proliferation of unmanned system technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in civilian and military applications, both opportunities and challenges arise in addressing large numbers of robots capable of collective interactions. In this presentation, we present active research efforts in the Advanced Robotic Systems Engineering Laboratory (ARSENL) at the Naval Post- graduate School exploring future concepts, mathematical, algorithmic, and simulation models, and live-fly field experimentation of UAV swarms. We highlight and address a number of the specific considerations for modeling engagements between adversarial swarms of autonomous systems, in which the two swarms have opposing mission objectives. Such efforts require further development of autonomous swarm tactics, leveraging existing and future enabling technologies in a holistic, system-of-systems context. This presentation also provides results and lessons learned from both extensive simulation-based studies and also recent field experiments, as part of a live-fly testbed development effort to support rapid innovation and exploration of such future concepts for advanced research and education.
The Control of Dna Structure and Topology: An Overview

The control of structure on the nanoscale relies on intermolecular interactions whose specificity and geometry can be treated on a predictive basis. DNA fulfills this criterion, and provides an extremely convenient construction medium: The sticky-ended association of DNA molecules occurs with high specificity, and it results in the formation of double helical DNA, whose structure is well known. The use of stable branched DNA molecules permits one to make stick-figures. We have used this strategy to construct in solution a covalently closed DNA molecule whose helix axes have the connectivity of a cube: The molecule has twelve double helical edges; every edge is two helical turns in length, resulting in a hexacatenane, each of whose strands corresponds to a face of the object. We have developed a solid-support-based synthetic methodology that is more effective than solution synthesis. The key features of the technique are control over the formation of each edge of the object, and the topological closure of each intermediate. The isolation of individual objects on the surface of the support eliminates cross-reactions between growing products. The solid-support-based methodology has been used to construct a molecule whose helix axes have the connectivity of a truncated octahedron. This figure has 14 faces, of which six are square and eight are hexagonal; this Archimedean polyhedron contains 24 vertices and 36 edges, and is built from a 14-catenane of DNA. Knotted molecules appear to be the route for cloning DNA objects. It is possible to construct three knotted topologies, as well as a simple cyclic molecule from a single precursor, by control of solution conditions. Control of both branching and braiding topology is strong in this system, but control of 3-D structure remains elusive. Our key aim is the formation of prespecified 2-D and 3-D periodic structures for use in diffraction experiments. Another application envisioned is scaffolding for the assembly of molecular electronic devices.
Potential Management of Mountain Environments Using Summit Registers

A common tourist activity in mountain landscapes is summiting the local high point of a region. Increased tourism and overall demand on mountainous regions, however, might have long-term consequences on visitor experience and environmental conditions. In some mountainous regions, a fee system has been proposed to limit overcrowding and reduce ecological damage. Although a payment system might limit overcrowding and environmental degradation, a fee system might severely limit accessibility for certain socioeconomic groups. An alternative to fees might be educational programs and material to notify hikers of common hiking periods and inform tourists of possible environmental degradation. Educational programs and materials, however, need to be targeted at specific individuals who access the mountains. Summit registers provide spatial and temporal information on the individuals to be targeted. The summit register on Wheeler Peak, Nevada was obtained for the 12-month period of June 2012 through May 2013. The l...
Epidemic Feature And Surveillance on Observation EPI Vaccine Against Infectious Diseases in Rencheng District,Jining

Objective To understand the epidemic feature and surreillance on EPI vaccine against infectious diseases in Rencheng District in 2006 and 2007, to provide reference for vaccination strategy. Method The incidence data from the individual survey questionnaire and surveillance report of Rencheng District were collected and processed by Excel system. Results There was no poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, epidemic encephalitis found. The rates of incidence of epidemic encephalitis B,and measles were 0.15/105-4.24/105,and showed low incidence level and seasonal changes. The rate of incidence of tuberculosis was 48.87/105,but of hepatitis B was 123.76/105,and 68.37% were adults.Therefore,the rate of incidence of tuberculosis and adult-hepatitis B still remained in high level. Conclusion To prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases,based on high level routine immunization,effective vaccination strategy that aimed at major vaccine-preventable diseases in keey population should be taken.
Hyperglycemia, blood pressure, and the 9-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy: The Barbados Eye Studies

Objectives: To evaluate factors related to the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population of African descent, after 9 years of follow-up. Design: Population-based cohort study; 81%participation after 9 years. Participants: Three hundred twenty-four participants of the Barbados Eye Studies, with diabetes mellitus (DM) at baseline and at risk for developing DR during follow-up. Methods: Diabetes-related changes were assessed by masked gradings of baseline and follow-up photographs using a standardized system. The 9-year cumulative incidence of DR was based on participants with DM and free of retinopathy at baseline; incidence rates were estimated by the product-limit approach. Cox regression models for discretetime data were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the 9-year incidence of DR. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that older age at DM onset decreased the 9-year risk of DR development; for each 10 years of older age at onset, the risk of DR decreased by 30%(risk ratio [RR], 0.7; 95%confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.96). The risk of DR doubled among persons with DM duration between 5 and 9 years (RR, 2.1; 95%CI, 1.2-3.6) versus those with shorter durations; it also doubled in those treated with oral medications or insulin at baseline versus those treated with diet only. Antihypertensive treatment halved the risk of DR versus no treatment (RR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.3-0.9) and high systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased risk. Thus, DR risk increased by 30%for every 10 mmHg of higher systolic BPat baseline (RR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.1-1.4) or of BPincrease from baseline to the 4-year follow-up (RR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.1-1.4). Diabetic retinopathy risk similarly increased with each 1%of higher glycosylated hemoglobin level at baseline (RR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.2-1.5). Conclusions: The long-term follow-up of persons with DM in this population of African origin, where disease prevalence is high, identified important potentially modifiable risk factors for DR. Findings suggest that efforts to achieve optimal glycemic and BPcontrol may reduce the vision-threatening complications of DM.
Radiated Noise Prediction for Large Power Transformer Tank

Radiated noise field prediction of large power transformer tanks is studied based on indirect boundary element theory for engineering purpose. First, an acoustic model of transformer tank is established with the acoustics software LMS, and the radiated noise field of the transformer tank is predicted by using measured acceleration data of normal vibration on the transformer tank surface. Comparison between simulation and experiment results shows that the proposed noise prediction method is effective and feasible for predicting the radiated noise field of transformer tank. This study may provide a reference for the design of low-noise power transformers.