cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compassion: The Basic Social Emotion

Philoctetes was a good man and a good soldier. When he was on his way to Troy to fight alongside the Greeks, he had a terrible misfortune. By sheer accident he trespassed in a sacred precinct on the island of Lemnos. As punishment he was bitten on the foot by the serpent who guarded the shrine. His foot began to ooze with foul-smelling pus, and the pain made him cry out curses that spoiled the other soldiers' religious observances. They therefore left him alone on the island, a lame man with no resources but his bow and arrows, no friends but the animals who were also his food.Ten years later, according to Sophocles' version of the story, they come to bring him back: for they have learned that they cannot win the war without him. The leaders of the expedition think of Philoctetes as a tool of their purposes; they plan to trick him into returning, with no empathy for his plight. The Chorus of soldiers, however, has a different response. Even before they see the man, they imagine vividly what it is like to be him– and they enter a protest against the callousness of the commanders:For my part, I pity him– thinking of how, with no living soul to care for him, seeing no friendly face, wretched, always alone, he suffers with a fierce affliction, and has no resources to meet his daily needs. How in the world does the poor man survive?
In utero cocaine exposure decreases dopamine D1 receptor modulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation in the rabbit ☆

Cocaine increases the synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters by inhibiting catecholamine transporters. Disturbances of behavior and cellular physiology have been associated with prenatal cocaine exposure and are related to changes in dopamine transmission. Recently we found the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) was greater in hippocampal slices from cocaine exposed offspring. In the hippocampus, D1 dopamine receptor antagonists inhibit the expression of LTP while agonists facilitate it. To test the functionality of the D1 receptor we examined the effect of the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 on LTP using a rabbit model of gestational cocaine exposure. Tetanization during exposure to the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 resulted in a long lasting potentiation in animals prenatally exposed to cocaine while the potentiation of control slices returned to baseline.
Analog-testability analysis by determinant-decision-diagrams based symbolic analysis

The use of the column-rank of the sensitivity matrix as a testability measure for parametric faults in linear analog circuits was pioneered by Saeks in 1970s, and later re-discovered by several others. Its practical use has been, however, limited by how it can be calculated. Numerical algorithms suffer from inevitable round-off errors, while classical symbolic techniques can only handle very small circuits. In this paper, an innovative and efficient graph based symbolic analysis approach, called Determinant Decision Diagrams, is applied to testability measurement and selection for optimum test vectors. The new approach is promising in testability analysis of much larger analog circuits.
Visualization of ventricles of the brain by volume rendering

Preliminary results of applying the advanced three-dimensional visualization techniques of volumetric rendering to represent state-of-the art magnetic resonance images of the ventricular system are reported. Cinematic loops provide the subjective impression of a rotating 3-D object in space, thus enhancing the appreciation of the 3-D structure. Different images were obtained by changing the color/opacity parameters and transparency factors. Only minimal editing was required to obtain the judges. It was not necessary to trace the precise ventricular borders as is usually required in computer graphics approaches. Initial results suggest that volumetric display of magnetic resonance images of the brain can be of value for the assessment of the ventricular system deep with the brain paraenchyma. >
The fourth-century and Hellenistic reception of Thucydides

How well known was Thucydides' history in the fourth century BC and the hellenistic period? Gomme, with an eye on Polybius, once wrote of the ‘nearly complete silence about Thucydides in what remains to us of ancient writers before the age of Cicero and Dionysius of Halicarnassus’. This is startling at first and has to my knowledge led to the misconception that Thucydides virtually disappeared after his own time. Gomme was however referring merely to specific mentions or discussions of Thucydides by name: he went on to speak of the ‘silent compliment paid him by Kratippos, Xenophon, Theopompos, and Philistos’. Even this is far from a complete list, and Gomme's possibly misleading paragraph can serve as my starting-point.
Physical Therapy for a Patient Through Six Stages of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background and Purpose. This case report describes the use of Sinaki and Mulder's approach to staging amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and functional outcome measures in designing a treatment program for a 59-year-old woman with ALS. Case Description and Outcomes. As the patient progressed from stage I through stage VI, over 12 months, the physical therapy goals changed from optimizing remaining function, to maintaining functional mobility, and finally to maximizing quality of life. Discussion. Disease staging and the use of functional outcome measures provide a framework for physical therapy evaluation and treatment of patients with ALS throughout the disease process. Physical therapists can assist patients with ALS through the provision of education, psychological support, rehabilitation programs, and recommendations for appropriate equipment and community resources.
Reflected-Scene Impostors for Realistic Reflections at Interactive Rates

We present a technique for rendering reflections on complex reflectors at interactive rates based on approximating the geometry of the reflected scene with impostors. The reflections correctly convey the distance to the reflector surface and provide motion parallax. Two types of impostors are adapted to the reflections framework: billboards and depth maps. Billboards remove most of the problems of environment mapped reflections at only a small additional cost. Second order reflections are supported by introducing reflective billboards. Higher quality reflections that provide motion parallax within a reflected object are obtained by approximating the reflective geometry with depth maps. The computation of the intersection between a reflected ray and a depth map is accelerated by leveraging epipolar constraints. Like environment mapping, our technique does not pose any restriction on the geometry of the reflector, supports dynamic scenes, and runs at interactive rates with the help of graphics hardware. Categories and Subject Descriptors (ACM CCS): I.3.3. [Computer Graphics]—Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism.
Bayesian transduction and Markov conditional mixtures for spatiotemporal interactive segmentation

In this paper we propose a novel transductive learning machine for spatiotemporal classification casted as an interactive segmentation problem. We present Markov conditional mixtures of naive Bayes models with spatiotemporal regularization constraints in a transductive learning and inference framework. The proposed model extends on previous work [3] to account for non independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sequential data by imposing the learning and inference problem w.r.t. time. The multimodal mixture assumption on the class-conditional likelihood for each covariate feature domain in conjunction with spatiotemporal regularization constraints allow us to explain more complex distributions required for classification in multimodal longitudinal brain imagery. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on multimodal temporal MRI brain images using ROC statistics and report preliminary results.
An ordered polymorph of copper trisamarium hexaselenide, CuSm3Se6

An ordered polymorph of CuSm3Se6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m. The structure, which contains both monoselenide (Se2−) and diselenide (Se22−) units, comprises a three-dimensional network built from SmSe8 polyhedra and distorted CuSe4 tetrahedra.
Effect of local heat versus ice on blepharoptosis resulting from ocular myasthenia.

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of heat versus ice application to a ptotic eyelid in patients with ocular or systemic myasthenia. Design Observational case series. Participants Three consecutive patients and one subsequent patient with ptosis and clinical or laboratory signs of myasthenia were initially evaluated. Methods In all four patients, the heat test and the ice test were performed. In three patients, the modified sleep test was also performed. In the heat or ice test, the patient was asked to hold a heat or ice pack, respectively, over the closed ptotic eye for 10 to 15 minutes. The modified sleep test was performed by having the patient close both eyes for a 10- to 15-minute period. Photographs were taken before and immediately after each test. Main outcome measure The effect of heat or ice on ptosis. Results Transient complete improvement of ptosis in three patients and marked improvement in one patient was noted after each test. The results of the heat, ice, and modified sleep tests were identical. Conclusions Marked improvement of myasthenic ptosis in all four patients occurred regardless of local warming or cooling. The common denominator of all these tests, rest, seems to be the relevant factor in the study as designed.
Circumcision: we have heard from the experts; now let's hear from the parents.

Objective. The current study sought to investigate parental attitudes about circumcision and their satisfaction with the decision. Methodology. Parents of boys (6 months to 36 months old) in 3 different practices filled out a questionnaire while waiting for their child9s well-child examination. Results. A total of 149 families were surveyed. Families (68) who did not have their sons circumcised were less satisfied with their decision. Compared with families (81) of circumcised children, parents of uncircumcised boys were less likely to have been asked by their physician about whether they wanted their child circumcised, believed that they did not receive adequate information about the procedure, felt less respected by their medical provider, and were more likely to reconsider their decision. Conclusion. The importance of adequate information and discussion is highlighted by this study.
Simulations of vortex evolution and phase slip in oscillatory potential flow of the superfluid component of 4He through an aperture

The evolution of semicircular quantum vortex loops in oscillating potential flow emerging from an aperture is simulated in some highly symmetrical cases. As the frequency of potential flow oscillation increases, vortex loops that are evolving so as eventually to cross all of the streamlines of potential flow are drawn back toward the aperture when the flow reverses. As a result, the escape size of the vortex loops, and hence the net energy transferred from potential flow to vortex flow in such 2π phase-slip events, decreases as the oscillation frequency increases. Above some aperture-dependent and flow-dependent threshold frequency, vortex loops are drawn back into the aperture. Simulations are performed using both radial potential flow and oblate-spheroidal potential flow.
Can Sweden Affor d Another High Equity Premium

This paper calculates the empirical equity premium in Sweden between 1919-2006 and disaster probabilities of 25% and 50% contractions in real Gross Domestic Product. The calculation puts the equity premium at approximately 8%, 2% higher than what appears in the historical United States data, due to rare disaster events outside and idiosyncratic to Sweden. This study makes two important contributions. First, it projects that Sweden can afford the economic cost of another high equity premium but should remain cautious. Second, this paper affirms that WWII increased investors' perceptions of future equity risk despite Sweden's neutrality. To arrive at the empirical results this paper follows a distilled version of Barro (2006) written by Taub (2007). The results stemming from this analysis help inform macroeconomic policy in Sweden.
Operational requirements for multilevel security

Multilevel security (MLS) technology offers capabilities to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and security of operations that rely on information systems. The US unified and specified combatant commands have been surveyed to identify their operational requirements for MLS and near-term solutions to satisfy the common and most pervasive requirements. This paper summarizes the results of those surveys and discusses the solutions being explored by the Department of Defense MLS program. >
Use of Administrative and National Survey Databases in Health Services Research

Administrative and national survey databases have an important role in the field of health services research. In this article, the concept of health services research will be presented. The types o...
The Impact of Experts on Information Sharing During Group Discussion

Experts were predicted to impact information sharing during discussion in two ways. First, expert members were expected to contribute more information themselves during discussion; and second, they were expected to cause nonexpert members to contribute more. Furthermore, it was predicted that identification of the expert and the task type would accentuate these differences. These predictions were tested in a study where one third of the groups had an identified expert, one third had an unidentified expert, and one third had no expert. Half the groups were asked to identify a correct answer, whereas the other half were asked to give their opinion. Results provided support for experts’contributing more information to group discussion; however, no support was found for their increasing other members’ contributions. Identification of expertise and task type both accentuated information sharing by experts. These results are discussed in terms of implications of experts on information sampling and decision-maki...
Water Management with Water Conservation, Infrastructure Expansions, and Source Variability in Jordan

[1] A regional hydroeconomic model is developed to include demand shifts from nonprice water conservation programs as input parameters and decision variables. Stochastic nonlinear programming then jointly identifies the benefit-maximizing portfolio of conservation and leak reduction programs, infrastructure expansions, and operational allocations under variable water availability. We present a detailed application for 12 governorates in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It considers targeted installations of water-efficient appliances, leak reduction in the distribution system, surface and groundwater development, seawater desalination, conveyance, and wastewater treatment projects. Results show that (1) water conservation by urban users generates substantial regional benefits and can delay infrastructure expansions; (2) some rationing and conjunctive use operations smooth operations during droughts; (3) a broad mix of source developments, conveyance expansions, and leak reduction programs can forestall the need for desalination; (4) the Disi carrier to Amman should include a large branch to Karak; and (5) increasing conveyance from Ma'an, Irbid, and Mafraq can avert impending crises in the neighboring districts of Tafelah, Ajloun, and Zarqa.
Continuous time random walk approach to dynamic percolation

We present an approximate solution for time (frequency) dependent response under conditions of dynamic percolation which may be related to excitation transfer in some random structures. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of structures where one random component blocks a second (carrier) component. Finite concentrations of the former create a percolation network for the latter. When the blockers are allowed to move in time, the network seen by the carriers changes with time, allowing for long-range transport even if the instantaneous carrier site availability is less than pc, the critical percolation concentration. A specific example of this situation is electrical transport in sodium 8”-alumina. The carriers are Na+ ions which can hop on a twodimensional honeycomb lattice. The blockers are ions of much higher activation energy, such as Ba*+. We study the frequency dependence of the conductivity for such a system. Given a fixed Ba*+ hopping rate, l/7, the Na+ ions experience a frozen site percolation environment for frequencies w> l/7. At frequencies w< I /7, the Na+ ions experience a dynamic environment which allows long-range transport, even below pe. A continuous time random walk mode1 combined with an effective medium approximation allows us to arrive at a numerical solution for the frequency-dependent Na+ conductivity a(o) which clearly exhibits the crossover from frozen to dynamic environment. 1. Intruduction
Integrated Method of Organizing, Computing, and Deploying Weather-Based Disease Advisories for Selected Peanut Disease

Abstract Epidemiological information can be used with weather data to anticipate disease onset. These disease advisories can be applied to reduce the unnecessary use and improve the timing of fungicide sprays. Delivery of weather-based disease advisories to peanut growers in North Carolina was expedited by streamlining programming and information deployment procedures. This approach utilized a standard method of organization of weather data collection and analysis for all diseases, and daily reports were posted to the web. A standardized method of analysis is described which is flexible, and it allows information from epidemiological studies and practical experiences to be integrated to create a specific model for individual diseases. Included is a description of the research and extension activities over a 17-yr period during which weather-monitoring hardware and disease advisories were developed, tested, and utilized for advisories in peanuts at the farm level. Advantages and limitations to this approac...
A History of Afro-Hispanic Language: Afro-Hispanic texts from Latin America: sixteenth to twentieth centuries

The Afro-Latin American bozal corpus Although Afro-Hispanic language was originally forged in West Africa, Portugal, and southern Spain, it was in Spanish America that successive generations of African-born slaves and free laborers acquired the Spanish language in the most diverse circumstances, and impressed those around them by their approximations to natively spoken Spanish. The earliest Latin American bozal texts come from highland mining regions in Peru, Bolivia, Mexico, and Colombia, and probably owe more to imitation of the already well-established stereotype of the habla de negros in Spain than from actual observation of Africans' speech in the colonies. By the end of the eighteenth century, poets, playwrights, short-story writers, and novelists had accumulated sufficient observational evidence on Afro-Hispanic language as to incorporate plausible (although probably exaggerated) imitations in their literary works. Occasional travelers' accounts, court transcriptions, legal documents, military reports, and sundry letters and testimonies provide non-literary corroboration of bozal language. The trickle of texts antedating the nineteenth century quickly became a torrent of literary, musical, and folkloric production during the nineteenth century, as thousands of Afro-Argentines, Afro-Uruguayans, Afro-Peruvians, Afro-Puerto Ricans, and especially Afro-Cubans took their places in poems, songs, stories, and novels, reflecting demographic events which brought large numbers of African-born slaves to these regions in a relatively short period of time. The present chapter surveys the most salient Afro-Latin American bozal texts as well as various less easily classifiable linguistic byproducts of the African diaspora in Spanish America.
Information preferences, reading ability, and emotional changes in outpatients during the process of obtaining informed consent for autologous bone‐marrow transplantation

Abstract Background. The complexity of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) imposes increased demands for disclosure of information to patients. This study describes the information preferences, reading ability, and emotional balance (affect) of adult patients at the time of outpatient informed consent. Methods. Thirty patients were enrolled. The Derogatis Affects Balance Scale was used to determine each patient's emotional status before and after outpatient informed consent. The Information Styles Questionnaire was used to measure information preferences, and the Wide Range Achievement Test was used to measure reading ability. Results. Every patient had at least average reading ability. Almost 90% of the patients preferred maximum amounts of detailed information. A significant change in total affectivity was seen after informed consent (p = 0.005), and the predominant pattern of change was decreases in both positive and negative affects, with a significant improvement in the positive‐affects rat...
Volumetric flow imaging reveals the importance of vortex ring formation in squid swimming tail-first and arms-first.

Squids use a pulsed jet and fin movements to swim both arms-first (forward) and tail-first (backward). Given the complexity of the squid multi-propulsor system, 3D velocimetry techniques are required for the comprehensive study of wake dynamics. Defocusing digital particle tracking velocimetry, a volumetric velocimetry technique, and high-speed videography were used to study arms-first and tail-first swimming of brief squid Lolliguncula brevis over a broad range of speeds [0-10 dorsal mantle lengths (DML) s(-1)] in a swim tunnel. Although there was considerable complexity in the wakes of these multi-propulsor swimmers, 3D vortex rings and their derivatives were prominent reoccurring features during both tail-first and arms-first swimming, with the greatest jet and fin flow complexity occurring at intermediate speeds (1.5-3.0 DML s(-1)). The jet generally produced the majority of thrust during rectilinear swimming, increasing in relative importance with speed, and the fins provided no thrust at speeds >4.5 DML s(-1). For both swimming orientations, the fins sometimes acted as stabilizers, producing negative thrust (drag), and consistently provided lift at low/intermediate speeds (<2.0 DML s(-1)) to counteract negative buoyancy. Propulsive efficiency (η) increased with speed irrespective of swimming orientation, and η for swimming sequences with clear isolated jet vortex rings was significantly greater (η=78.6±7.6%, mean±s.d.) than that for swimming sequences with clear elongated regions of concentrated jet vorticity (η=67.9±19.2%). This study reveals the complexity of 3D vortex wake flows produced by nekton with hydrodynamically distinct propulsors.
Wide QRS duration.

Scenario: This 12-lead ECG waveform was obtained in a patient transferred to the intensive care unit from the general medicine floor because of acute shortness of breath. The patient has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and prior myocardial infarction (MI). ECG PUZZLER A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses ECG interpretation for clinical practice. We welcome letters to the Editors regarding this feature.
Addressing psychosocial risk factors among families enrolled in home visitation: Issues and opportunities

Psychosocial risk factors—in particular, maternal depression, substance abuse, and intimate partner violence—are prevalent among women enrolled in home visitation (HV) programs. Although HV programs have been shown to improve various maternal and child health outcomes, they have had more limited success in responding to clients’ psychosocial risk factors. This chapter has three objectives. First, this chapter provides recommendations for HV programs to identify psychosocial risks among their clients. To detect the presence of psychosocial risk factors, HV programs are encouraged to conduct systematic screening on an ongoing basis using well-validated instruments. Second, this chapter provides specific examples of approaches to enhance home visitors’ capacity to address psychosocial risks among their clients. HV programs should be explicit in defining when and how psychosocial risks are to be addressed by home visitors and ongoing support should be provided using approaches such as reflective supervision and coaching. Third, this chapter provides recommendations on ways to augment existing HV program models to address psychosocial risk factors. Multiple aspects of HV programs need to be focused upon (e.g., program models, training, and supervision protocols) to enact the recommendations put forth in this chapter. Also, critical to the successful implementation of these recommendations is the buy-in from HV program staff. Given the prevalence of psychosocial risks facing HV clients and the deleterious effects of these risk factors, it is imperative that HV programs strive to address these areas in a multifaceted and ongoing manner.
HGA: de novo genome assembly method for bacterial genomes using high coverage short sequencing reads

Current high-throughput sequencing technologies generate large numbers of relatively short and error-prone reads, making the de novo assembly problem challenging. Although high quality assemblies can be obtained by assembling multiple paired-end libraries with both short and long insert sizes, the latter are costly to generate. Recently, GAGE-B study showed that a remarkably good assembly quality can be obtained for bacterial genomes by state-of-the-art assemblers run on a single short-insert library with very high coverage. In this paper, we introduce a novel hierarchical genome assembly (HGA) methodology that takes further advantage of such very high coverage by independently assembling disjoint subsets of reads, combining assemblies of the subsets, and finally re-assembling the combined contigs along with the original reads. We empirically evaluated this methodology for 8 leading assemblers using 7 GAGE-B bacterial datasets consisting of 100 bp Illumina HiSeq and 250 bp Illumina MiSeq reads, with coverage ranging from 100x– ∼200x. The results show that for all evaluated datasets and using most evaluated assemblers (that were used to assemble the disjoint subsets), HGA leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the assembly based on N50 and corrected N50 metrics.
Confrontation and Reconciliation: Mexicans and Spaniards During the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920 *

When King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain completed a 1978 tour of Mexico, the occasion was naturally marked by sentimental rhetoric. President Jose Loopez Portillo launched an official reconciliation when he visited Madrid the year before. Underlying the whole exercise, however, was a deep psychological resistance on the part of most Mexicans. The King attempted to emphasize to Mexicans the Spanish aspect of their heritage, but the history of Mexican-Spanish relations during the Revolution underlines the history of ethnic hostility between both groups during the first decades of the twentieth century. As in 1917, the Mexican government in 1978 decided that economic gains far outweighed whipping up popular resentment against the Spaniards.
Chapter 34 The Hula Hula Diamictite and Katakturuk Dolomite, Arctic Alaska

Abstract The Katakturuk Dolomite is a c. 2-km-thick Neoproterozoic carbonate succession (units K1–K4) exposed in the NE Brooks Range of Alaska. These strata were deposited on a south-facing (present coordinates), rifted passive margin on the North Slope subterrane (NSST) of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka Plate (AACP). The glaciogenic Hula Hula diamictite rests below the Katakturuk Dolomite and consists of 2–50 m of diamictite that interfingers with the underlying Mt. Copleston volcanic rocks. Unit K1 of the Katakturuk Dolomite begins with less than 10 m of dark grey, finely laminated limestone with ‘roll-up’ structures, and continues upwards with nearly 500 m of recrystallized, ooid-dominated grainstone. The Nularvik dolomite (unit K2 of the Kataktruk Dolomite) rests on unit K1 with a knife-sharp contact on a heavily silicified surface. The Nularvik dolomite is composed predominantly of laminated micro-peloids hosting tubestone stromatolites and giant wave ripples, followed by decametres of dolomatized, pseudomorphosed former aragonite crystal fans. Carbon-isotope chemostratigraphy suggests that the Hula Hula diamictite is an early Cryogenian glacial deposit, and that, despite the absence of directly underlying glacial deposits, the Nularvik dolomite is a basal Ediacaran cap carbonate. These correlations are supported by the characteristic sedimentological features in both the carbonate capping the Hula Hula diamictite and the Nularvik dolomite. Detrital zircon and Palaeozoic fauna provenance studies support the inference that much of the AACP is exotic to Laurentia; however, the pre-Mississipian relationship between the NSST and the rest of the AACP remains uncertain. Previous palaeomagnetic surveys have been hampered by pervasive Late Cretaceous overprints. Additional geological mapping, sequence stratigraphy and geochronological data are needed to correlate Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic units across the AACP, and constrain relationships between subterranes in the AACP.
Recent progress in optical coherence tomography based microangiography

Recent progress of optical coherence tomography based microangiography is discussed together with its contrast mechanisms. Feasibility of wide field, high definition and high resolution retinal microvascular imaging enabled by eye tracker is presented.
Curating Value in Changing Markets: Independent Record Stores and the Vinyl Record Revival

In this article, I ask how firms negotiate dissonance between industry trends and day-to-day market realities. By utilizing the independent record store as a case of an intermediary firm negotiatin...
On the Relationship between Dividing and Uniting in Collective Piano Teaching

From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of this century,collective piano teaching has emerged with the change of teaching mode in higher education in China.It differs in pattern and characteristic from the traditional "one to one" teaching.Collective class offers a good solution to the shortage of teachers in the traditional teaching mode,contributes to creating teaching situation,and stimulates the students’ learning motivation.However,collective piano lessons also have some disadvantages in practice.For example,the teaching contents and teaching forms are stereotyped.And it is difficult for teachers to take care of individual differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.In addition,teachers cannot get timely feedback from students.To optimize the piano teaching mode,the teachers should correctly handle the relationship between dividing and uniting in collective teaching,which is the key factor.
Evaluation of PV frequency-watt function for fast frequency reserves

Increasing the penetration of distributed renewable sources, including photovoltaic (PV) sources, poses technical challenges for grid management. The grid has been optimized over decades to rely upon large centralized power plants with well-established feedback controls, but now non-dispatchable, renewable sources are displacing these controllable generators. By programming autonomous functionality into distributed energy resources—in particular, PV inverters—the aggregated PV resources can act collectively to mitigate grid disturbances. This paper focuses on the problem of frequency regulation. Specifically, the use of existing IEC 61850-90-7 grid support functions to improve grid frequency response using a frequency-watt function was investigated. The proposed approach dampens frequency disturbances associated with variable irradiance conditions as well as contingency events without incorporating expensive energy storage systems or supplemental generation, but it does require some curtailment of power to enable headroom for control action. Thus, this study includes a determination of the trade-offs between reduced energy delivery and dynamic performance. This paper includes simulation results for an island grid and hardware results for a testbed that includes a load, a 225 kW diesel generator, and a 24 kW inverter.
Hyaluronic acid-laminin hydrogels increase neural stem cell transplant retention and migratory response to SDF-1α

The chemokine SDF-1α plays a critical role in mediating stem cell response to injury and disease and has specifically been shown to mobilize neural progenitor/stem cells (NPSCs) towards sites of neural injury. Current neural transplant paradigms within the brain suffer from low rates of retention and engraftment after injury. Therefore, increasing transplant sensitivity to injury-induced SDF-1α represents a method for increasing neural transplant efficacy. Previously, we have reported on a hyaluronic acid-laminin based hydrogel (HA-Lm gel) that increases NPSC expression of SDF-1α receptor, CXCR4, and subsequently, NPSC chemotactic migration towards a source of SDF-1α in vitro. The study presented here investigates the capacity of the HA-Lm gel to promote NPSC response to exogenous SDF-1α in vivo. We observed the HA-Lm gel to significantly increase NPSC transplant retention and migration in response to SDF-1α in a manner critically dependent on signaling via the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis. This work lays the foundation for development of a more effective cell therapy for neural injury, but also has broader implications in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine given the essential roles of SDF-1α across injury and disease states.
An Improved Minimum Description Length Learning Algorithm for Nucleotide Sequence Analysis

We present an improved minimum description length (MDL) learning algorithm - MDLCompress - for nucleotide sequence analysis that outperforms the compression of other Grammar Based Coding methods such as DNA Sequitur while retaining a two-part code that highlights biologically significant phrases. Phrases are recursively added to the MDLCompress model that are not necessarily the longest matches, or the most often repeated phrase of a certain length, but a combination of length and repetition such that inclusion of the phrase in the model maximizes compression. The deep recursion of MDLCompress combined with its two-part coding nature makes it uniquely able to identify biologically meaningful sequence without limiting assumptions. The ability to quantify cost in bits for phrases in the MDL model promotes prediction of fragile regions where single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may have the most impact on biological activity. MDLCompress improves our previous algorithm in runtime performance through use of an innovative data structure and in specificity of motif detection (compression) through use of improved heuristics. We also discuss recent results from MDLCompress analysis of 144 known overexpressed genes from a breast cancer cell line, BT474. Novel motifs, including potential microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, have been identified within certain genes and are being considered for in vitro validation studies.
Management of Surgical Site Infections

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), there were 16 million operative procedures performed in the USA in 2010 (CDC, Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey [Online], http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhds/4procedures/2010pro_numberpercentage.pdf, 2010). The following year there were over 157,000 surgical site infections (SSI) associated with inpatient surgeries alone (Magill, N Engl J Med 370:1198–208, 2014). The overall rate of SSI has been found to be about 2 % though it has been difficult to quantify directly. Many agencies have taken a keen interest in reducing the rate of SSI given that they lead to increased health care costs, morbidity, mortality, and length of hospitalization. Despite efforts to institute protocols that are aimed at reducing SSIs, adherence to such protocols remains inconsistent. The rate of SSI mortality is thought to be about 3 % (Awad, Surg Infect 13:234–7, 2012). In addition, patients who suffer from SSI are twice as likely to require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and five times as likely to need hospital re-admission (Kirkland et al., Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20:725–30, 1999). In real terms, SSIs constitute a significant public health problem with substantial detriment to the patient, hospital systems, and the health care system as a whole.
Physiological Differences in Cryptococcus neoformans Strains In Vitro versus In Vivo and Their Effects on Antifungal Susceptibility

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmentally ubiquitous fungal pathogen that primarily causes disease in people with compromised immune systems, particularly those with advanced AIDS. There are estimated to be almost 1 million cases per year of cryptococcal meningitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, leading to over 600,000 annual deaths, with a particular burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLC) are key components of cryptococcal meningitis treatment: AMB is used for induction, and FLC is for consolidation, maintenance and, for occasional individuals, prophylaxis. However, the results of standard antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for AMB and FLC do not correlate well with therapeutic outcomes and, consequently, no clinical breakpoints have been established. While a number of explanations for this absence of correlation have been proffered, one potential reason that has not been adequately explored is the possibility that the physiological differences between the in vivo infection environment and the in vitro AFST environment lead to disparate drug susceptibilities. These susceptibility-influencing factors include melanization, which does not occur during AFST, the size of the polysaccharide capsule, which is larger in infecting cells than in those grown under normal laboratory conditions, and the presence of large polyploid "titan cells," which rarely occur under laboratory conditions. Understanding whether and how C. neoformans differentially expresses mechanisms of resistance to AMB and FLC in the AFST environment compared to the in vivo environment could enhance our ability to interpret AFST results and possibly lead to the development of more applicable testing methods.
An FDA perspective on the assessment of proposed biosimilar therapeutic proteins in rheumatology.

The goal of a development programme for a biosimilar product is to prove its biosimilarity to the reference product, rather than independently establish its safety and efficacy. In this Perspectives article, the authors describe the US FDA's rigorous approach to the assessment of biosimilarity for proposed biosimilar therapeutic proteins, including those intended to treat rheumatologic conditions. Biologic products have revolutionized the management of many rheumatic diseases, but access to these products might be limited by their relatively high costs. The US Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, which is contained within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, established an abbreviated pathway for licensure by the FDA of biologic products that are demonstrated to be biosimilar to or interchangeable with FDA-licensed biologic products, termed reference products. This law allows for the approval of biosimilar biologic products, which are expected to increase access to treatment for patients, and ensuring the implementation of this Act is a high priority for the FDA. In this Perspectives article we describe the considerations for approval of proposed biosimilar products, including those to treat rheumatological conditions, by describing the FDA's rigorous approach to assessment of biosimilarity.
Abstract P6-07-26: ST8SIA1 is over-expressed in triple negative breast cancer and associated with p53 mutations

Cancer stem cells constitute a small fraction of cells present in primary tumors, are highly tumorigenic, drug resistant and cause metastases. We discovered Ganglioside GD2 as a breast cancer stem cell (BCSCs) marker in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). GD2 biosynthesis is tightly regulated by the enzyme ST8SIA1 (GD3 synthase). However, expression of ST8SIA and its association with different breast cancer sub-types is not known. Here we hypothesize that ST8SIA1 is up-regulated in TNBC or basal-type breast tumors and associated with stemness in primary breast tumors. Frist, we examined ST8SIA1 protein expression in breast cancer cell lines (n=12) and found up-regulation of ST8SIA1 in basal compared to luminal-type breast cancer cells. To investigate ST8SIA19s expression in primary tumors, we analyzed RNAseq data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data base which has expression data from 1105 primary and metastatic breast tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues. We found that ST8SIA1 expression varies widely among different breast tumors and that 9basal9 type tumors express highest levels of ST8SIA1 compared to all other types of breast cancers including luminal-A or luminal-B or HER2 enriched (p To investigate the association between ST8SIA1expression and the most commonly mutated genes in breast cancer, we chose the top 20 most frequently mutated genes in TCGA dataset and examined their correlation with ST8SIA1 mRNA expression. We found that, among the top 20 mutations, p53 has a very strong positive correlation with ST8SIA1 expression (p 2 fold higher in p53 mutated tumors compared to p53 wild type tumors. The other positively correlated mutation was a nuclear envelop protein called Spectrin Repeat Containing, Nuclear Envelope 1 (SYNE1; p Citation Format: Yan Y, Nguyen K, Do K-A, Ueno N, Andreeff M, Battula VL. ST8SIA1 is over-expressed in triple negative breast cancer and associated with p53 mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-26.
Designing Scalable Distributed Memory Models: A Case Study

One promising effort as we progress toward exascale is the development of fine grain execution models. These models display an innate agility providing new avenues to address the challenges presented by futures systems such as extreme parallelism, restrictive power constraints, and fault tolerance. These opportunities however, may be prematurely abandoned if the system software, particularly a distributed runtime, is incapable of scaling. One potentially limiting factor is the enforcement of the memory model in a runtime. In a shared memory environment, weaker memory models are preferred since they promote parallelism and optimizations. This is not necessarily the case for distributed systems as a weaker model may lead to increased coherency operations and memory usage based on the application's communication patterns and memory requirements. Moreover, unlike shared memory models which rely on hardware to lessen the costs of coherence, distributed memory models are forced to rely on expensive runtime calls and network operations. This paper presents the design and implementation of a distributed memory coherency model in a high performance implementation of the Open Community Runtime as an exemplar fine grain execution model. We compare the performance and number of coherence operations of an instance of the OCR standard with our novel model, called Cache DAG consistency (CDAG). Leveraging CDAG consistency, we demonstrate up to a 3.7X reduction in messages and 11x increase in performance for select benchmarks running at scale.
Women’s Spirituality in Gynecologic-Oncology: A Paradigm Shift from Purity to Womanhood

While women have traditionally been given an image of womanhood, purity, and even motherhood it is important for the spiritual care provider to help women in uncovering their own spiritual lives; e...
Understanding Perceptions behind Becoming a Fashion Entrepreneur among Fashion Design and Merchandising Undergraduate Students

Entrepreneurship is defined as the discovery and assessment of opportunities, followed by the creation of a new organization (Reynolds, 2005). Entrepreneurship in the U.S. continued to show healthy activity levels, which led to a highly positive current and prospective impact on the U.S. Economy. Regarding the major industry sectors, 43% of all entrepreneurship was established in the consumer-oriented business sector (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2014). However, there are a limited number of studies that examined fashion entrepreneurship; hence, the need for the investigation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the college studentsâ€™ perceptions of fashion entrepreneurship in terms of perceived opportunities, perceived barriers/threats, and the intentions of entering fashion entrepreneurship. Focus group, as a qualitative research method, as adopted in this study. The findings of this study identified important themes related to entering fashion entrepreneurship.
A continuous-mode harmonically tuned 19-to-29.5GHz ultra-linear PA supporting 18Gb/s at 18.4% modulation PAE and 43.5% peak PAE

The 5th generation (5G) mm-wave systems are expected to support wideband spectrum-efficient modulations (e.g., 64-QAM or 256-QAM) to achieve Gb/s-link-throughput revolution. These complex modulation schemes, however, often come with high-density constellations that demand stringent linearity, i.e. AM-AM and AM-PM, on the mm-wave front-end circuits, in particular, the power amplifiers (PAs). In addition, to support future massive MIMOs, the mm-wave front-ends should be ultra-efficient in both their energy efficiency and area usage, posing even more constraints on the PA designs [1-5].
Analysis of Overhead Caused by Security Mechanisms in IaaS Cloud

The process of determining the amount of resources needed to deploy applications or services in the cloud and provisioning for these resources is known as cloud capacity planning. Capacity planning is essential for meeting current and future levels of the minimal wastage requirements. Capacity planning can be applied to a company's computer network, storage and security appliances. Security appliances typically accompany most cloud-based deployments. They can be deployed in cloud either by the cloud service provider or the organization itself. This paper intends to evaluate the network overhead caused by client-deployed security mechanisms in cloud services in a fluctuating workload environment. We present in this paper several simulations performed to evaluate firewall architectures with OPNET simulator on a growing number of clients. Finally, we provide recommendations for organizations to assure proper capacity planning for deployment of security mechanisms.