cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UNIVERSITY AVIATION EDUCATION: AN INTEGRATED MODEL

As indicated at the Regional Air Transport Training Convention and Tradeshow (RATS 2000) at Daytona Beach, FL, on February 8-9, 2000, the United States regional airlines fully recognize that the frequently-discussed shortage of regional airline pilots is now a fact rather than a forecast. The regional airline conference attendees also felt that potential pilot shortages in the major airlines are probably not far behind. Over the past few decades, the airline industry has relied upon the military for its primary source of experienced pilots. However, with increased commercial airline expansion, coupled with the Vietnam era trained pilots approaching retirement age and the recent low military pilot training production, the United States now faces a shortage of highly experienced pilots in both the military and the commercial airline industry. While flight programs have been developed to meet these shortfalls with increased training, consideration should also be given to improving the aviation education process itself, which is the foundation of flight training. University aviation training programs, because of their comprehensive academic environments, offer excellent opportunities to develop and deliver state-of-the-art aviation curricula and become the new primary resource for commercial airline pilots. A key question to help resolve the impact of the commercial pilot shortage should be: Can an enhanced aviation academic education and flight training program help accelerate university-trained pilots into airline cockpits. This paper draws upon research conducted in the Aeronautical Management Technology Department at Arizona State University (Karp, 1996) and addresses potential educational enhancements through the implementation of an integrated aviation learning model, the Aviation Education Reinforcement Option (AERO). The AERO model is a learning strategy that incorporates elements of the adult education paradigm, learning style theory, cooperative and collaborative learning techniques, and personal computer-based aviation training devices (PCATDs), to span the long-term retention and application gap that can occur between the classroom and the flight line. This paper suggests that the AERO model, when combined with flight training that emphasizes airline procedures from the very beginning, has the potential to reduce the pilot training time required between the universities’ academic classrooms and flight training environments, and the commercial airline cockpit.
An Examination of Conflict Conversation in an Online Community: the Pie Fight at DailyKos.com

An abstract of the thesis of Samantha Isabella Soma for the Master of Science in Conflict Resolution presented November 3, 2006. Title: An examination of conflict conversation in an online community: the Pie Fight at DailyKos.com The increasing popularity of the social web and online communities requires the attention of researchers of conflict resolution. Although there are many ways to resolve conflict offline, the ways in which conflict takes place within a native online context have not been much studied. Are any of the tools and strategies that are used to improve communication offline used successfully online, or are some other strategies taking their place? What communication patterns occur within an online community equipped with comment moderation capabilities? This research is a case study and addressed these questions by performing a qualitative analysis of comment conversations within two diaries that discussed a conflict event known as the Pie Fight within the Daily Kos community in June, 2005. The findings of this research are organized into three sections, which discuss behaviors related to Communication Style, Conflict Minimization or Avoidance, and community members' response to Comment Moderation (Ratings). Novel communication style behaviors which were noted included the use of cut-and-paste "paraphrasing" which was used to escalate conflict rather than resolving it, medium blaming when the writer's own words were quite obviously provocative, and extended leave-taking as a means of maintaining relationships before departing from the community. Conflict minimization or avoidance behaviors included the assumption that removal of discussion about the conflict by deleting an entire diary and comments threads would somehow resolve the disagreements included in them it, the use of benign verbal aggression which seemed to bring some segments of the community together, and the temporary or permanent departure from the community by members who took part in the conflict discussion. Ratings moderation created another point of conflict when negative ratings were threatened, although negative ratings were used mainly to address unproductive language rather than punish differences of opinion. The use of positive ratings to offer silent support or appreciation to members whose reasoned comments received a dismissive response was also observed. These findings could be used in future research about the suitability of online communities as sites of deliberative discussion. ( AN EXAMINATION OF CONFLICT CONVERSATION ) IN AN ONLINE COMMUNITY: THE PIE FIGHT AT DAIL YKOS.COM
Rotational Excitation by Resonant Transfer of Electronic Excitation

Molecular hydrogen is unique among molecules in that its rotational constant or rotational line separation 2B (=0.0147 eV) is at least an order of magnitude larger than the rotational constants for other molecules (2B = 5 × 10-4 eV for N2, for example). This relatively large rotational line separation for H2 raises the possibility that rotational excitation of level J with inelastic threshold 2B(2J+3) can occur at thermal energies by transfer of electronic excitation from, say, hydrogen atoms initially prepared in excited states with moderate and large quantum numbers n(~5–20). In the event that such an energy transfer is resonant, i.e., when the electronic energy released via de-excitation exactly balances that required for the rotational excitation, an extremely large cross section would be evident, particularly at very low temperatures.
Surface structure determination with ARPEFS

We describe a method of surface structure determination based on oscillations in core-level photoemission intensity-Angle-Resolved Photoemission Extended Fine Structure-with particular emphasis on the use of Fourier transformation. Qualitative comparisons of Fourier power spectra reveal adsorption sites and shortcomings in theoretical calculations; quantitative backtransformation analysis allows accurate bond lengths and bond angles to be determined. Examples are drawn from these similar atomic adsorption systems: c(2×2)S/Ni(100), p(2×2)S/Cu(100) and c(2×2)S/Ni(110).
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates Rapid Endocytosis in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells

Secretion of neurotransmitter at the synapse and in secretory cells depends on the availability of vesicles for exocytosis. Rapid endocytosis is responsible for initiating local vesicle recycling and is essential during sustained neurotransmission. Although exocytosis is triggered by Ca2+ influx and modulated by serine/threonine kinases, relatively little is known about the regulation of rapid endocytosis. Our data suggest that rapid endocytosis is controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells with tyrphostin 23, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dramatically slowed the time course of rapid endocytosis. In contrast, there was no effect on either the amount or rate of exocytosis. Application of orthovanadate, Zn2+, or poly(Glu, Tyr) (4:1), each of which is a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, reversed the effect of tyrphostin 23 on rapid endocytosis. Thus rapid endocytosis, like exocytosis, is subject to regulation by intracellular signaling pathways.
Analysis of the structure of production over profitability and risk of farms

In the present article there are presented results of the analysis of the impact of production structure of profitability and risk of farms. The production structure was given by proportion of fundamentals crops on total income from agricultural production. The first part of the analysis concerns the impact of the pattern of the overall profitability. For the viability criteria is taken the accumulated amount of profit for five years of management relative of original value of assets. The investigation did not show that specialization in any of the monitored commodities significantly affect the profitability achieved. The only exception is the production of milk. Undertakings aimed at this commodity shows demonstrably lower profitability. Another part of the work addresses potential threats to farms. Previous investigation already showed, that the farms are threatened both - the normal negative profitability - second, violent fluctuations in cash flow (an otherwise positive long-term profitability), leading to temporary loss of margin. In comparing these two categories of threat, defined in this way show, that the lack of profitability of firms at risk are closely focused on livestock production, especially dairy. The investigations do not result significant differences in profitability of production of this commodity for individual categories of enterprises. Crop production is concentrated on the planting of winter barley and potatoes. Return on sales of those commodities is positive, though i tis below the sectoral average. The resulting loss is particularly due to promoting the production of loss-making milk. Business at risk of cash flow fluctuations are focused on plant production. Main sales volume provides production of wheat and rape. Long-term profitability of these enterprises is even above the sectoral average. Enterprises are threatened by violent fluctuations in the profitability of the dominant commodities. The contribution is part of the research project MSM 6007665806.
II, 13. Current state of development of human rotavirus vaccines

Publisher Summary Two different vaccine strategies are currently under intensive study: bovine-human reassortant rotaviruses (RVs) and an attenuated human RV. This chapter discusses the experience with RotaShield vaccine, possible etiologies for intussusception following its use, and the likelihood that differences in present vaccine strategies will result in differences in the capacity to cause intussusception. Difference between RotaShield immunization and natural infection is the quantity of virus to which the infant is initially exposed. During natural infection, a child is usually infected with small to very small quantities of infectious virus that are amplified in multiple cycles of replication. Replication probably occurs initially in the proximal small intestine and then extends to the distal small intestine. Both bovine RVs and attenuated human RVs are biologically distinct from simian RVs.
Information processing, social cognition, and psychiatric rehabilitation in schizophrenia

The relatively recent emergence of studies of social cognition in schizophrenia represents an important development in efforts to better understand the behavioral difficulties exhibited by schizophrenia patients. In this discussion each of the four key articles in this issue is briefly reviewed in order to highlight its major contributions and to emphasize relevant methodological and conceptual issues within the field. It is argued that although these four papers, and the larger body of work they represent, make significant contributions, the field of social cognition in schizophrenia as a whole could benefit from integrating insights from the normal social cognition literature, data on social- and emotional-processing deficits in neurological populations, and newer models of information processing. Following the review of the four papers, several key issues central to the continued advancement of this research area will be discussed, including the need to (a) move from linear to nonlinear models of social cognition in schizophrenia; (b) explore those aspects of social cognition that are responses to experience, as opposed to focusing solely on social cognition as a causal factor in behavior; (c) consider the role of affective and neuropsychologicausal factor in social cognition; and (d) explore aspects of social cognition in schizophrenia other than those involving problem solving. In addition, the implications of research on social cognition for the development of social skills rehabilitation interventions are discussed.
Mobilization of Bacteroides plasmids by Bacteroides conjugal elements.

A 4.2-kilobase cryptic Bacteroides plasmid, pB8-51, is found in several colonic Bacteroides species. To determine whether pB8-51 is mobilized by any of the known Bacteroides conjugal elements, we constructed an Escherichia coli-Bacteroides shuttle vector, pVAL-1, which contains pB8-51. We constructed Bacteroides uniformis 0061 derivatives which carry pVAL-1 and various Bacteroides conjugal elements. The Bacteroides conjugal elements tested were six conjugal tetracycline resistance (Tcr) elements (which appear to be chromosomal), i.e., Tcr ERL, Tcr V479, Tcr Emr ERL, Tcr Emr 12256, Tcr Emr DOT, and Tcr Emr CEST, and the conjugal erythromycin resistance (Emr) plasmid pBF4. These Tcr conjugal elements have not been extensively characterized, except for Tcr ERL. All six Tcr elements tested mobilized pVAL-1 at high frequency (10(-3) to 10(-5)) from one Bacteroides strain to another or from a Bacteroides strain to E. coli. Pregrowth of the donors (containing one of the Tcr elements and pVAL-1) in 1 microgram of tetracycline per ml enhanced the transfer of pVAL-1 by 20- to 10,000-fold, depending on which Tcr element was present in the donor. An Ems derivative of pBF4 (pBF4 delta E2) mobilized pVAL-1 from one Bacteroides strain to another at a frequency of 10(-4) but did not mobilize pVAL-1 from a Bacteroides strain to E. coli as efficiently. Thus the Tcr conjugal elements and pBF4 recognize a mobilization region on pB8-51.
Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: Characteristics of electronic cigarette users and their smoking cessation outcomes

BACKGROUND Given that continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, patients with cancer are strongly advised to quit. Despite a current lack of evidence regarding their safety and effectiveness as a cessation tool, electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular. To guide oncologists' communication with their patients about E-cigarette use, this article provides what to the authors' knowledge is the first published clinical data regarding E-cigarette use and cessation outcomes among patients with cancer. METHODS A total of 1074 participants included smokers (patients with cancer) who recently enrolled in a tobacco treatment program at a comprehensive cancer center. Standard demographic, tobacco use history, and follow-up cessation outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A 3-fold increase in E-cigarette use was observed from 2012 to 2013 (10.6% vs 38.5%). E-cigarette users were more nicotine dependent than nonusers, had more prior quit attempts, and were more likely to be diagnosed with thoracic and head or neck cancers. Using a complete case analysis, E-cigarette users were as likely to be smoking at the time of follow-up as nonusers (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.7). Using an intention-to-treat analysis, E-cigarette users were twice as likely to be smoking at the time of follow-up as nonusers (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.3). CONCLUSIONS The high rate of E-cigarette use observed is consistent with recent articles highlighting increased E-cigarette use in the general population. The current longitudinal findings raise doubts concerning the usefulness of E-cigarettes for facilitating smoking cessation among patients with cancer. Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of E-cigarettes as a cessation treatment for patients with cancer. Cancer 2014;120:3527–3535. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
CyliCon: software package for 3D reconstruction of industrial pipelines

As-built reconstruction of existing industrial facilities such as power plants still involves much interactive work even though photogrammetry techniques are greatly used in this process. The majority of existing systems are based on 3D-point reconstruction. In general, these systems only use epipolar geometry to help the user. CyliCon is a software package for 3D reconstruction of industrial pipelines. This software enables its users to work with hundreds of images. It uses geometric features, such as occluding edges and vanishing points, and image processing methods, such as multi-resolution edge refinement, in order to provide semiautomatic user-friendly software. The software has been successfully tested on hundreds of indoor and outdoor industrial images.
An orthogonality theorem of dines related to moment problems and linear programming

Abstract It was found by Lloyd Dines that the following two properties of a finite sequence of functions are equivalent: (A) There exists a positive function that is orthogonal to each member of the given sequence. (B) Every linear combination of the given sequence either changes sign or vanishes identically. This paper gives a proof of the above equivalence by a variational method. Thereby the orthogonal function is given explicitly as the positive part of a linear combination of the sequence of functions. Moreover, this proof leads to various generalizations. In particular, it is shown that the following properties are equivalent: (A′) There exists a positive function with nonnegative moments relative to the given sequence of functions. (B′) Every linear combination of the sequence having non-negative coefficients either changes sign or vanishes identically. Next it is shown possible to transform these properties A′ and B′ into statements about dual linear programs A″ and B″. Program A″ concerns the moments of the sequence of functions with respect to a positive function. The objective of Program A″ is to maximize the moment of the first function subject to the constraint that the moments of the remaining functions equal or exceed preassigned values. The dual program B″ is a minimization problem stated in terms of linear combinations of the sequence. From the equivalence theorem it is shown that the maximum of the primal program is equal to the minimum of the dual program. This last theorem on infinite programs is not merely an analogy with the classical duality theorem of finite programming, because by a suitable refinement it is seen to include the classical theorem as a special case. Various other ramifications, counter examples, and applications related to the Dines theory are developed.
English with an accent: language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States

The second edition of Rosina Lippi-Green's book, English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States, continues the conversation from her 1997 first edition regardin...
Colloidal scale blends of poly(p-benzamide) with sulfonated polystyrene and poly(vinyl acetate)

Abstract Polymer composites containing the rigid poly(p-benzamide) (PBA) and the flexible sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) or poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) are prepared using a two-step method. The SEM micrographs show that both PBA-SPS and PBA-PVA composites contain particles in the colloidal range, with sizes around 50 nm. The FT -i.r. spectra reveal that there are strong interactions between PBA and SPS; those between PBA and PVA are weaker. Two successive thermal scannings suggested that these colloidal scale dispersions are kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable.
Stimulation of new tissue growth as an adjunct to alveoplasty.

Abstract A technique has been presented to aid in the elimination and prevention of undesirable undercuts and contour defects in the alveolar ridges. Whether new bone formation has been stimulated or merely the formation of a firm subperiosteal scar, clinically the result is the same. Better alveolar ridges are produced without extensive bone removal giving more stable and comfortable denture-bearing areas.
Speech recognition in amplitude-modulated noise of listeners with normal and listeners with impaired hearing

The effect of amplitude-modulated (AM) noise on speech recognition in listeners with normal and impaired hearing was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, nonsense syllables were presented in high-pass steady-state or AM noise to determine whether the release from masking in AM noise relative to steady-state noise was significantly different between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects when the two groups listened under equivalent masker conditions. The normal-hearing subjects were tested in the experimental noise under two conditions: (a) in a spectrally shaped broadband noise that produced pure tone thresholds equivalent to those of the hearing-impaired subjects, and (b) without the spectrally shaped broadband noise. The release from masking in AM noise was significantly greater for the normal-hearing group than for either the hearing-impaired or masked normal-hearing groups. In the second experiment, normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects identified nonsense syllables ...
Synthesis of Site-Directed Chelating Agents I: Pteridine Carboxaldehyde Thiosemicarbazones

Several 6-formylpteridine thiosemicarbazones and semi-carbazones were synthesized as potential inhibitors of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. The most active derivative in this series was 2,4-diaminopteridine-6-carboxaldehyde semicarbazone, which caused 50% inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase of human liver at a concentration of 1.4 × 10−7M.
Stereoelectronic Effects Determine Oxacarbenium vs β-Sulfonium Ion Mediated Glycosylations

Activation of a glycosyl donor protected with a 2-O-(S)-(phenylthiomethyl)benzyl ether chiral auxiliary results in the formation of an anomeric β-sulfonium ion, which can be displaced with sugar alcohols to give corresponding α-glycosides. Sufficient deactivation of such glycosyl donors by electron-withdrawing protecting groups is, however, critical to avoid glycosylation of an oxacarbenium ion intermediate. The latter type of glycosylation pathway can also be suppressed by installing additional substituents in the chiral auxiliary.
Reductions in streaming algorithms, with an application to counting triangles in graphs

We introduce reductions in the streaming model as a tool in the design of streaming algorithms. We develop the concept of list-efficient streaming algorithms that are essential to the design of efficient streaming algorithms through reductions.Our results include a suite of list-efficient streaming algorithms for basic statistical primitives. Using the reduction paradigm along with these tools, we design streaming algorithms for approximately counting the number of triangles in a graph presented as a stream.A specific highlight of our work is the first algorithm for the number of distinct elements in a data stream that achieves arbitrary approximation factors. (Independently, Trevisan [Tre01] has solved this problem via a different approach; our algorithm has the advantage of being list-efficient.)
Electrospray diagnostics by fourier analysis of current oscillations and fast imaging

The different spraying modes in electrospray ionization sources exhibit large variations in their ion yield and stability. To achieve consistently optimal ion production, active control of the spray parameters is desirable. To diagnose the changes in spraying mode, the spray current and its Fourier spectrum were monitored under a wide range of conditions, that is, as a function of the spray voltage, liquid flow rate, and composition. Most Fourier spectra indicated a strong dc component, a low-frequency branch at low flow rates and applied voltages, and a high-frequency branch and their harmonics. Changing of these parameters resulted in several spraying mode changes that were reflected in the Fourier spectra of the spray current. Significant mode changes and the malformation of the Taylor cone were detected as peak shifts or sudden changes in the spectrum quality. This was confirmed by fast imaging that showed a reduction in the size of the Taylor cone under hydrophobic tip conditions and rapid periodic e...
Correction of geometric perceptual distortions in pictures

We suggest an approach for correcting several types of perceived geometric distortions in computer-generated and photographic images. The approach is based on a mathematical formalization of desirable properties of pictures. We provide a review of perception of pictures and identify perceptually important geometric properties of images. From a small set of simple assumptions we obtain perceptually preferable projections of three-dimensional space into the plane and show that these projections can be decomposed into a perspective or parallel projection followed by a planar transformation. The decomposition is easily implemented and provides a convenient framework for further analysis of the image mapping. We prove that two perceptually important properties are incompatible and cannot be satisfied simultaneously. It is impossible to construct a projection such that the images of all lines are straight and the images of all spheres are exact circles. Perceptually preferable tradeoffs between these two types of distortions can depend on the content of the picture. We construct parametric families of projections with parameters representing the relative importance of the perceptual characteristics. By adjusting the settings of the parameters we can minimize the overall distortion of the picture. It turns out that a simple family of transformations produces results that are sufficiently close to optimal. We implement the proposed transformations and apply them to computer-generated and photographic perspective projection images. Our transformations can considerably reduce distortion in wide-angle motion pictures and computer-generated animations.
Efficient bit stream switching of H.264 coded video

Stream switching among compressed video streams coded at different quality levels and bit rates is examined, and two enhanced stream switching schemes for H.264 video are proposed in this work. The flexibility of the original H.264 stream switching scheme is achieved at the cost of coding efficiency by introducing primary and secondary SP/SI pictures. In contrast, no modification is made to the original compressed streams in our enhanced schemes so that coding efficiency is maintained at switching points. When switching occurs, the two new schemes use a new picture type, called the difference picture (DIFF), in different ways to compensate the mismatch of reference frames. The difference picture can be coded efficiently, and it is easy to pick a good quantization step size to meet the quality requirement. It is shown by experimental results that the two new schemes outperform the original H.264 switching scheme in the sense that they can achieve prompt stream switching without noticeable quality degradation, and a small amount of bit rate overhead is demanded only when switching occurs.
Planning electric-drive vehicle charging under constrained grid conditions

This paper presents a novel method of planning the charging of electric-drive vehicles that takes electricity grid constraints into account. The method computes an individual charging plan for each vehicle while minimizing the cost of electricity, avoiding distribution grid congestion, and satisfying the individual vehicle owner's requirements. The underlying algorithm is explained through a simple example and tested on a simulated electricity grid. The method is shown to significantly reduce the overloading in the electricity grid compared to charging schemes that do not consider grid constraints.
Effects of language proficiency and language of the environment on aphasia therapy in a multilingual

Abstract We examined the relative proficiency of four languages (Spanish, German, French, English) of a multilingual speaker with aphasia, JM. JM’s self-rated proficiency was consistent with his naming accuracy for nouns and verbs (The Object and Action Naming Battery, Druks & Masterson, 2000 ) and with his performance on selected subtests of the Bilingual Aphasia Test ( Paradis & Libben, 1987 ). Within and between-language changes were measured following two periods of language treatment, one in a highly proficient language (Spanish) and one in a less-proficient language (English). The various outcome measures differed in their sensitivity to treatment-associated changes. Cross-language treatment effects were linked to the language of the environment at the time of testing and to relative language proficiency.
Congress Invokes Public Opinion on Welfare Reform

If democratically elected public officials respond to the policy preferences of ordinary citizens, one might expect them to make frequent, favorable references to public opinion as revealed by polls and surveys. An analysis of the 1995 congressional debates leading up to the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (welfare reform), however, generally corroborates the findings of Cook, Barabas, and Page concerning policy elites' discussions of Social Security. Congresspersons' references to public opinion were quite infrequent and vague. In some cases, they were significantly misleading. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
Multimodal Hip Hop Productions as Media Literacies.

Abstract This study draws on ethnographic data from a year-long multimodal media production (MMP) course and the experience of an African American female adolescent who used the production of multimodal Hip Hop texts to express her creativity and growing socially conscious view of the world. The study demonstrates how students made meaning multimodally and how media production, in combination with participating in community-based research, provided powerful opportunities for youth to develop new literacies, especially critical media literacies. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of The Educational Forum for the following free supplemental resources: Figure 1 and Figure 2, which show pictures of Gina and her group, the lyrics to the raps, gestures used with the raps, and other pertinent information.]
An Object Lesson

3. Abby Goodnough, 'The Narrow Races: Recounting becomes an Issue, not just in Florida', The New York Times (10 November 2000), A27. 4. John Allen Paulos, 'Calculating the Results: A Mathematical Survey of the Election's Photo Finish', ABCNews.com (13 November 2000), retrieved on 5 January 2001 from http:Ilabcnews.go. comlsectionslsciencelWhosCountinglelection_mathOO 112.html. 5. John Allen Paulos, 'We're Measuring Bacteria with aYardstick', The New York Times (22 November 2000), retrieved on 5 January 2001 from http:llwww.math.temple.edul-paulosI yardstick.html. 6. John Allen Paulos, 'Ties and Coin Flips: From Butterfly Ballots to Butterfly Effects', ABCNews.com (1 December 2000), retrieved on 5 January 2001 from http:llabcnews.go.com/sections/sciencelWhosCountinglwhoscountingOOl201. html. 7. Lawrence M. Krauss, 'Analyze This: A Physicist on Applied Politics', The New York Times (21 November 2000), F4. 8. Ann LoLordo, 'Both Sides Claim Edge in Court', The Baltimore Sun (3 December 2000), 1A. 9. Paulos, op. cit. note 5. 10. Paulos, op. cit. note 6.
A Qualitative Assessment of a Parent-developed, Parent-run Program to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy

This paper describes an approach to parent education that includes a parent-developed curriculum and parent-facilitated parent training program. The approach was based upon a model of empowerment and self-determination derived from critical and post-modern theoretical perspectives and asserts that parents, working together collectively, can affect meaningful change in their lives. The results of a qualitative assessment support the notion that peer-led parenting training can increase parents' confidence, reduce feelings of incompetence and reduce reluctance to assume the role of parenting. These results support the contention that parents can self-author their change and improve.
Rare Muon Decays, Natural Lepton Models, and Doubly Charged Leptons

Simple, natural model of leptons are presented in which the rare decays $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3e$ occur. The models require doubly charged leptons. The experimental lower limit on the mass of doubly charged leptons determines an upper limit on $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3e)}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma})}$. Parity nonconservation in atoms may be small.
Assay of certain alkaloids in nonaqueous solution

A method is described for the assay of alkaloids or alkaloidal salts either in the pharmaceutical preparation or plant extract which is based on separating the alkaloids by ion exchange resin and determination of them in the nonaqueous solution, either by visual indicator method or potentiometry.
Eukaryotic DNA fragments which act as promoters for a plasmid gene.

TRANSCRIPTION is the process that occurs in all organisms whereby the genetic information coded by the nucleotide sequences of DNA is transferred into RNA. This process is initiated by attachment of RNA polymerase to a region of the DNA called the promoter1. Considerable information has accumulated recently concerning the structure and function of prokaryotic promoters, but little insight has been gained into the characteristics of eukaryotic promoters. We report here on experiments that use an E. coli plasmid with an attenuated promoter as a probe for possible eukaryotic promoters.
Determination of nitrate in unfiltered extracts of muskmelon tissue by ion‐selective electrodes

Abstract Nitrate (NO3‐N) determination with ion‐selective electrodes (ISE) on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) leaf petiole tissue was equivalent to the cadmium (Cd) reduction method provided that the aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] buffer solution was >0.04M to eliminate ionic strength effects from varying NO3 and chloride (Cl) concentrations. Recovery of added NO3 was better with the HACH ISE, 98.8%, as compared with Orion ISE, 93.6%. The addition of silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) did not significantly improve NO3 recovery with either ISE. The addition of carbon depressed the detected NO3 concentration by 9.7%. The HACH ISE offers the advantage of a inexpensive, easy‐to‐use, single body electrode with a durable membrane allowing the filtration step to be eliminated.
Simulation of Aggregates with Point-Contacting Monomers in the Cluster–Dilute Regime. Part 2: Comparison of Two- and Three-Dimensional Structural Properties as a Function of Fractal Dimension

In the past two decades, several experimental and simulation studies have proposed simple empirical relations between projected two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) structural properties of fractal-like aggregates in the cluster–dilute regime. These empirical relations have found extensive use in inferring the 3-D structural properties of aggregates from their projected (i.e., 2-D) properties—measurable from aggregate electron microscopy images. This study probes the limitations and nongeneralizability of these simple and straightforward empirical relationships and proposes replacing them with new empirical formulas. A straightforward empirical relationship for directly determining the 3-D fractal dimension (Df ) of an aggregate from the knowledge of its 2-D aspect ratio is also identified. These new relationships were derived by comparing the ratios of several 2-D and 3-D structural properties of a statistically significant number of simulated aggregates with point-contacting monomers as a f...
Earth scale defined by modern satellite ranging observations

Recent advances in Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) allow us to determine an improved value of the geocentric gravitational coefficient (GM) of 398600.4419 +/− .0002 km³/sec² (one sigma). This value is based on recent SLR observations of the LAGEOS I satellite; it is confirmed by observations of LAGEOS II, and is supported by results from Starlette, albeit at a lower level of precision. The information from these other satellites helps to support our claim of a conservative error estimate for GM, which amounts to about one half of a part per billion (ppb). Our determination of GM with the span of LAGEOS I data originally used to determine the current IERS92 standard (398600.4415 +/− .0008 km³/sec²) gives approximately the same value at about the same uncertainty quoted by the authors in 1992. The improved value that we suggest falls well within the two-ppb error of the current standard, but differs from it by more than the error of the new estimate. The precision of the estimate of GM from SLR observations has improved by an order of magnitude in each of the last two decades.
Oxygen as a Paramagnetic Probe of Membrane Protein Structure by Cysteine Mutagenesis and 19F NMR Spectroscopy

Oxygen solubility increases toward the hydrophobic interior of membranes. Using NMR, this O2 solubility gradient gives rise to an exquisite range of position-dependent paramagnetic effects at partial pressures of 100 atm (PO2), which may be used to probe membrane protein structure and positioning. In this study, fluorinated probes were introduced at selected positions of the transmembrane 1 domain of the intact homotrimer of the integral membrane protein, diacylglycerol kinase. Using 19F NMR, O2-induced chemical shift perturbations revealed secondary structure, membrane immersion depth, and regions of the helix in contact with the protein or with the micelle.
Effects of excluding the column being scored from the DEA envelopment LP technology matrix

The reformulation of the envelopment linear programs in DEA to score a decision making unit (DMU) by excluding the corresponding column from the technology matrix raises several theoretical and computational questions. This idea appears natural and has been proposed before, but only recently has it appeared in published form. Several issues associated with this modification to standard DEA analysis remain to be formally and comprehensively explored. One is the feasibility of the resultant LPs which, as it turns out, is not guaranteed under this modification in some of the DEA models. Therefore, the status of the DMU for which the LP is infeasible needs to be resolved. Other issues include the formal equivalence relation between the modified and standard formulations; the impact on the problem of pervasive degeneracy in the LPs and the interpretation of the optimal solutions. This paper investigates these issues and others so as to provide both a firm theoretical basis for the proposed modification in all four convexified free-disposability DEA models and a thorough analysis of the associated effects.
Modulation of noxious and non-noxious spinal mechanical transmission from the rostral medial medulla in the rat.

Modulatory influences on spinal mechanical transmission from the rostral medial medulla (RMM) were studied. Noxious stimulation, produced by von Frey-like monofilaments, and non-noxious stimulation...
Specific interaction of a purified transcription factor with an internal control region of 5S RNA genes

A factor necessary for the accurate transcription of cloned Xenopus 5S genes in vitro has been isolated from soluble extracts of X. laevis ovaries. The activity of the factor was monitored by its ability to facilitate transcription of exogenous 5S genes in unfertilized egg extracts which are otherwise incompetent for 5S gene transcription. The factor was purified via ion exchange chromatography, and apparently consists of a 37,000 dalton polypeptide. This factor is necessary for the transcription of both the oocyte-type and somatic-type 5S genes of Xenopus, but is not required for, and has no detectable effect upon, the transcription of a cloned Xenopus tRNA1Met gene. The site of action of the factor has been investigated using the "footprinting" method of Galas and Schmitz (1978). The factor binds specifically to intragenic regions extending, approximately, from nucleotide positions 45 to 96 on both somatic and oocyte-type 5S genes. Additionally, this binding occurs independently of, and is not altered by, the presence of purified RNA polymerase III or unfertilized egg extracts. The probable role of this factor in transcription initiation is discussed.
Association Between Socioeconomic Position Discrimination and Psychological Distress: Findings From a Community-Based Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men in New York City

Objectives. We examined the association between discrimination and mental health distress, focusing specifically on the relative importance of discrimination because of particular demographic domains (i.e., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position [SEP]).Methods. The research team surveyed a sample of gay and bisexual men (n = 294) at a community event in New York City. Participants completed a survey on demographics, discrimination experiences in the past 12 months, attributed domains of discrimination, and mental health distress.Results. In adjusted models, discrimination was associated with higher depressive (B = 0.31; P < .01) and anxious (B = 0.29; P < .01) symptoms. A statistically significant quadratic term (discrimination-squared; P < .01) fit both models, such that moderate levels of discrimination were most robustly associated with poorer mental health. Discrimination because of SEP was associated with higher discrimination scores and was predictive of higher depressive (B = 0.22; P < .01) and anx...
Emergency department resuscitative procedures: animal laboratory training improves procedural competency and speed.

UNLABELLED Certain resuscitative procedures can be lifesaving, but are performed infrequently by emergency medicine (EM) residents on human subjects. Alternative training methods for gaining procedural proficiency must be explored and tested. OBJECTIVE To test whether animal laboratory training (ALT) is associated with sustained improvement in procedural competency and speed. METHODS After watching an educational videotape of saphenous cutdown (SAPH), thoracotomy (THOR), and cricothyroidotomy (CRIC), EM residents were randomized to receive either a tutored ALT session on live anesthetized pigs (Group A) or no ALT session (Group B). Residents were tested six months later by performing procedures on live anesthetized pigs. Videotaped procedures were evaluated by blinded examiners for the number of critical steps, complications, and procedure times. RESULTS Group A (n = 10) achieved a higher number of critical steps compared with Group B (n = 8) for SAPH (15.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.0 +/- 1.8, p = 0.03) and THOR (17.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.3 +/- 1.6, p = 0.009), but not CRIC (18.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 16.2 +/- 1.0, p = 0.1). Group A completed procedures in less time than Group B for SAPH (Wilcoxon chi(2) = 4.0, p = 0.04) and THOR (chi(2) = 4.4, p = 0.04), but not CRIC (chi(2) = 0.9, p = 0.3). There was no difference in the number of complications for any of the procedures. CONCLUSION Residents with animal laboratory training six months prior to testing demonstrated improved procedural competency and speed in the performance of resuscitative procedures.
Validation of GLEAMS nutrient component for wastewater application in the Mid-Atlantic region

The nutrient portion of the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Practices (GLEAMS) model was analyzed under Mid-Atlantic conditions at a municipal wastewater land treatment facility. A sensitivity analysis was performed on soil nitrate concentration and crop nitrogen uptake over model input variables. Input variables having a relatively significant effect on the two outputs of interest were identified for adjustment during model calibration. Calibration was performed in an attempt to adjust model output as closely as possible to measured field data. GLEAMS was not satisfactorily calibrated for Mid-Atlantic conditions. Failure of the model to properly mineralize organic nitrogen was identified.
Associated production in K+p interactions at 3.5 GcV/c

Abstract In a recently completed experiment using 3.54 GeV/c K+ mesons in the BNL 80-inch chamber, we have investigated the two-prong plus one or two VO topology for events with associated production. We find no evidence for any production of any hypercharge 2 states.
Atypical Handedness in Schizophrenia: Some Methodological and Theoretical Issues

An updated review of the literature strongly supports the view that in schizophrenia there is an atypical leftward shift in the handedness distribution that, while comprising different subtypes, is characterized by a more variable and less completely lateralized pattern of manual preference, referred to as mixed handedness (MH) or ambiguous handedness (AH). Only two studies revealed an increased prevalence of left-handedness suggestive of pathological left-handedness (PLH). This article also examines the current status of neurodevelopmental factors and mechanisms in schizophrenia that purport to explain these pathological shifts in handedness (PLH, MH, AH). Different theoretical positions were evaluated, each involving some aspect of left hemisphere insult (unilateral or bilateral). Finally, it was shown that these shifts predict certain key symptoms and neural substrates in schizophrenia including thought disorder, negative symptoms, neuropsychological impairment, family history, and brain anatomy. These subtypes may represent neurodevelopmental markers of insult during intrauterine life that are nongenetic in origin.
The costly implications of consulting in a virus-infected computer environment

Computer viruses are an unfortunate fact of life on today’s college and university campuses. A recent examination of campus computing center newsletters suggests that the risks of contracting a computer virus have become real and acute for computer users across the country. The problem has become particularly pressing for these who frequent shared computing facilities, for example, university microcomputer clusters. Many individuals have turned to the central computing services for assistance and information. Meanwhile, the costs of increasingly frequent virus attacks have become evident as consultants and users spend time, effort, and money detecting, eradicating, and attempting to recover from this scourge of the electronic age.
Participation community crime prevention: who volunteers for police work?

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the principal determinants associated with becoming a volunteer in crime prevention programs.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from citizen surveys in a medium sized city located in the West region of USA. The data contained 574 city residents and 264 volunteers. Binomial logistic regression analytical technique was employed to examine the relative contribution of three categories of explanatory variables – demographic background, neighborhood contextual factors, and political viewpoints – on becoming a police volunteer in community crime prevention.Findings – The primary finding suggests that gender was a significant predictor of participation in police volunteer work. With respect to cognitive factors, the character of citizen perceptions of crime problems in their neighborhoods mattered considerably. Similarly, citizens' political orientation was another important variable among cognitive factors.Research limitations/implications – Stud...