cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhizobium fredii and Rhizobium meliloti produce 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid-containing polysaccharides that are structurally analogous to group II K antigens (capsular polysaccharides) found in Escherichia coli.

The polysaccharide components from cultured cells of Rhizobium fredii USDA205 and Rhizobium meliloti AK631 were extracted with hot phenol-water and separated by repetitive gel filtration chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and gas chromatography analyses showed that both of these bacterial species produce unique polysaccharides that contain a high proportion of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo). These polysaccharides, which constituted a major portion of the extracted carbohydrate, are not excreted into the growth media (i.e., they are not extracellular polysaccharides) and are structurally distinct from the lipopolysaccharides. The primary structure of the preponderant polysaccharide from R. fredii USDA205 was determined by high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; it consists of repeating units of [-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->5)-beta-D-Kdop-(2-->]n. This molecule is structurally analogous to the constituents of one subgroup of K antigens (capsular polysaccharides) produced by Escherichia coli. Polysaccharides of this type have not previously been identified as components of rhizobial cells. The Kdo-containing polysaccharide from R. meliloti, which has not been completely characterized, appears to be structurally related to that of R. fredii.
Fundamental aspects of brittle cooperative phenomena - effective continua models

The present paper focuses on the study of some of the fundamental aspects of the cooperative brittle phenomena and damage growth. This rather complex problem is studied on a simple discretized artifice known as the parallel bar model. The disorder in microstructure is introduced by a statistical description of the distribution of the link rupture strengths. The criteria of the damage growth are derived from the thermodynamic analysis of the rupturing process. Stability analysis of the damage growth is also presented. The paper discusses different damage measures and corresponding conjugate affinities.
Vertical fusional amplitudes in patients wearing vertical anisometropic correction.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between vertical anisometropic spectacle correction and vertical fusional amplitudes in patients. Design Comparative observational case series. Participants Twenty-one patients exposed to greater than 0.5 diopters of vertical anisometropic spectacle correction were compared with 46 patients not exposed to anisometropic correction. Methods Vertical fusional amplitudes were recorded in all patients using a prism bar. Main outcome measures Vertical fusional amplitudes and vertical anisometropia. Results In patients exposed to greater than 0.5 diopters of vertical anisometropic spectacle correction, vertical fusional amplitudes measured 5.2 ± 1.4 prism diopters. Patients not exposed to anisometropic correction had vertical fusional amplitudes of 2.7 ± 1.2 prism diopters ( P Conclusion Patients with vertical anisometropic correction have increased vertical fusional amplitudes. This finding is relevant when evaluating patients with ocular motility disorders, especially with regard to distinguishing acquired versus longstanding deviations.
A Theoretical Comparison of Texture Algorithms

An evaluation of the ability of four texture analysis algorithms to perform automatic texture discrimination will be described. The algorithms which will be examined are the spatial gray level dependence method (SGLDM), the gray level run length method (GLRLM), the gray level difference method (GLDM), and the power spectral method (PSM). The evaluation procedure employed does not depend on the set of features used with each algorithm or the pattern recognition scheme. Rather, what is examined is the amount of texturecontext information contained in the spatial gray level dependence matrices, the gray level run length matrices, the gray level difference density functions, and the power spectrum. The comparison will be performed in two steps. First, only Markov generated textures will be considered. The Markov textures employed are similar to the ones used by perceptual psychologist B. Julesz in his investigations of human texture perception. These Markov textures provide a convenient mechanism for generating certain example texture pairs which are important in the analysis process. In the second part of the analysis the results obtained by considering only Markov textures will be extended to all textures which can be represented by translation stationary random fields of order two. This generalization clearly includes a much broader class of textures than Markovian ones. The results obtained indicate that the SGLDM is the most powerful algorithm of the four considered, and that the GLDM is more powerful than the PSM.
One Market or Many? Labor Market Integration in the Late Nineteenth-Century United States

This article examines the geographic integration of U.S. labor markets from 1870 to 1898, using previously unexploited wage and price data for 23 occupations in 12 major cities. In contrast to the increasing nationalization found in other markets at that time, the labor market was characterized by large and persistent real wage differentials both within and between regions, leaving little doubt that late nineteenth-century labor markets remained far from completely integrated. The differentials, however, owed as much to substantial variations in labor demand growth as to the lack of labor market integration.
Cellular Therapies in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

ALL remains a difficult disease to treat. In the adult setting, most patients will ultimately die of their disease, whereas in the pediatric setting, relapsed and refractory disease remains a therapeutic challenge. Cellular therapy through allo-HSCT remains an option for these patients, and recent advances in alternative forms of allo-HSCT, including unrelated donor transplants, UCB transplants, and haploidentical transplants, have expanded the numbers of patients eligible for allo-HSCT but have not improved outcomes when compared with HLA-matched related allo-HSCTs. In light of this persistent failure, several novel adoptive cellular approaches are being investigated to treat patients with ALL. The use of enriched WT-1–specific donor T cells to treat patients with ALL is currently under investigation in phase I trials at several centers. Treatment of ALL with genetically modified T cells targeted to the CD19 antigen through the expression of a CD19-specific CAR also have entered phase I clinical trials at several centers. Similarly, a clinical trial treating patients with ALL with genetically modified NK cells targeted to the CD19 antigen has recently opened for accrual. Collectively, these ongoing and anticipated trials provide a promising role for adoptive cellular therapies in the treatment of ALL. What remains to be seen is whether this promise will either translate into improved outcomes for these patients or provide significant insights on which to design second-generation adoptive cell therapeutic clinical trials for ALL in the future.
Thermal controls on flexure of underthrust continental lithosphere

SUMMARY We model the thermal and mechanical structure of Precambrian foreland lithosphere subject to a range of initial thermal states and evolving thermal perturbations beneath an orogen. Temperatures in the lower crust exert a critical control over the flexural response by regulating crust‐mantle decoupling. By careful consideration of crustal heat production and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, we verify that at least half the surface heat flow in Archean terranes is supplied by the crust and find that Moho temperatures in Proterozoic lithosphere may be as high as 800 K (525 uC). Such ‘hot’ Precambrian forelands may have an effective elastic thickness of less than 10 km. The ability of crustal heating beneath the orogen to enhance weakening of continental lithosphere is strongly dependent on the convergence rate. A rapidly underthrust foreland is insufficiently heated by thermal diffusion into the zone of maximum lower crustal deformation to significantly modify the flexural signature. This process has a minor effect at the 5 mm year x1 or greater convergence rates characteristic of most active orogens, but it may cause a marked reduction in lithospheric strength following the cessation of convergence. We propose that the large, y10‐100 km range of observed mountain belt effective elastic thicknesses can be entirely explained by the known variability of Precambrian surface heat flow, crustal heat generation, rock thermal conductivity, and lithospheric rheology without invoking any other mechanisms.
Surface devitrification of high temperature sealing glass

This paper is focused on surface phase separation, nucleation and crystal growth of a high temperature sealing glass. Different glass surface polishing conditions have been examined and their effect on the glass devitrification during the thermal treatment is studied. The glass microstructure evolution starts with phase separation followed by the break-up of elongated new phases. Nucleation initiates first from the surface defects followed by random locations. After the nucleation process, crystalline phase growth kinetics dominates. Nuclei number density affects both crystallite size and growth direction. Lower nuclei number density leads to larger crystalline sizes even though the formation of these nuclei is delayed. Glass stability is discussed from glass network connectivity point of view.
Big Business and the Kapp Putsch

The Kapp-Luttwitz Putsch, hastily begun on March 13, 1920, and ingloriusly ended with the resignation of Dr. Wolfgang Kapp on March 17, has already been the subject of significant study. The details of the putsch itself, the character of the conspirators, and their motives, the positions taken by the political parties and leaders, and the reasons for its failure are fairly Well known. It is generally agreed that the circle of conspirators had too narrow a social base and was too divided in its purposes to be successful. In essence, it was a revolt of unemployed reactionary East Elbian officials like Kapp himself and his “Minister of the Interior,” Traugott von Jagow, disgruntled conservative military officers, the most important of whom was Freiherr von Luttwitz, and military adventurers like Colonel Max Bauer, Major Pabst, and Captain Ehrhardt. Where Kapp sought far-reaching constitutional and political changes, Luttwitz strove for more short-term goals, i.e., reconstruction of the cabinet to give it an “expert” character, new elections, and a larger army. The Kapp regime was doomed because of the refusal of the government bureaucracy to serve it and because of the general strike called by the trade unions on March 14.
Imprinting and the origin of parasite–host species associations in brood-parasitic indigobirds, Vidua chalybeata

Brood-parasitic village indigobirds, Vidua chalybeata, were bred in captivity and foster-reared by their normal host species, the red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala, or by an experimental foster species, the Bengalese finch, Lonchura striata. Captive-reared female indigobirds were tested as adults for mate choice and for host choice. In tests of mate choice, female indigobirds responded preferentially towards mimicry songs of male indigobirds that were similar to those of the females’ own foster parents. Females reared by Bengalese finches responded to male songs that mimicked Bengalese finch song rather than to male songs that mimicked their normal host species, the firefinch. In tests of host choice, females reared by Bengalese finches laid in the nests of Bengalese finches, and females reared by firefinches laid in the nests of firefinches. Wild-caught females showed the same behaviours as captive-bred females reared by firefinches. A female indigobird’s social companions (firefinch or Bengalese) following her independence of her foster parents had no effect on her sexual response to male mimicry song or her choice of a host species in brood parasitism. The results support the predictions of a model of imprinting-like behaviour development in which young indigobirds focus their attention on their foster parents, rather than a model of innate bias for songs and nests of their normal host species, or a null model of nonspecific brood parasitism and differential survival. The results provide experimental support for the recent origin of brood parasite–host associations and the significance of imprinting in speciation in these brood parasites.  2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the power of clinical registries of rare diseases.

The study of rare diseases is limited by just that, their infrequency. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), for example, has a prevalence of 15 cases per million.1 Although there has been an explosion in knowledge of and therapies for this life-threatening disease over the past decade, most of our insight is based on small studies. The first therapy that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995, intravenous epoprostenol, was based on the results of an 81-patient trial.2 The most recently approved therapy, inhaled treprostinil, in 2009, was based on the results of a 235-patient trial.3 Similarly, our understanding of the natural history of this disease is based on small observational series. Articles see pp 156 and 164 To further our comprehension of rare diseases, we often turn to “registries,” constructed as multicenter cohorts of patients who have the disease with longitudinal follow-up. Despite the inherent limitations of their observational and uncontrolled nature, which also represent strengths, these cohorts are useful to describe and compare patient characteristics, practice patterns, and outcomes. Observations from such registries can generate hypotheses that subsequently form the basis of further studies. Lastly, such cohorts facilitate the study of the prognostic profile of the disease via the derivation and validation of clinical prediction tools. In this issue of Circulation , data from the 2 of the most important present-day registries in PAH give us the opportunity to better understand the prognosis of PAH, its determinants, and outcomes in the current treatment era. Humbert and colleagues4 share data from the French National Registry, in which 354 consecutive idiopathic, heritable, and anorexigen-associated patients with PAH were enrolled from October 2002 to October 2003. They report 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 82.9%, 67.1%, and 58.2%, respectively. Sadly, despite the many advances in …
Binary covering codes and high speed data transmission

There has been a great deal of recent interest in the covering radius of binary codes. We shall describe how good covering codes can be used to make high speed data transmission more reliable.
Respiratory viral infections post-lung transplantation

Community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) are common pathogens in lung transplant recipients. Infection due to these viruses is associated with multiple complications including: rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory failure and even death. CARVs have also become increasingly recognized as a risk factor for acute rejection (AR) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Newer diagnostic techniques have enhanced the accuracy of diagnosis, but proven treatment options for CARVs are limited. Further insight into the immune response and allograft dysfunction associated with CARV infections is needed in order to develop novel management strategies which can reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by these infectious agents.
Solid Substrate Formulations of the Mycoherbicide Colletotrichum truncatum for Hemp Sesbania ( Sesbania exaltata ) Control

Colletotrichum truncatum was grown on kernels of eight different grains for 3 or 4 weeks at room temperature (22-24°C). Fresh preparations of conidia as well as fungus-infested corn and rice suspensions resulted in 100% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings when sprayed postemergence with a 14 h dew period. Fresh preparations of mycelia and fungus-infested sorghum suspensions resulted in 90 and 65% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings, respectively. Lower mortality ( &#104 15%) occurred with the other ground fungus-infested grain suspensions. Fresh preparations of conidia, fungus-infested corn, rice and sorghum, and mycelia, when applied to soil pre-emergence, resulted in 100, 94, 100, 83 and 71% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings 14 days after application, respectively. Lower mortality ( &#104 23%) occurred with the other ground fungus-infested grain preparations. Freshly-prepared C. truncatum at 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg fungus-formulated rice cm -2 of soil surface, applied pre-emergence or at the ...
A criteria-based methodology for determining the mechanism of transverse drainage development, with application to the southwestern United States

The study of how rivers cross obstructing mountains, once popular in the early twenti- eth century, has seen a dramatic resurgence in the last decade. Since Hutton's scholarly introduction to a possible cause for trans- verse drainage, however, no single study has compiled all of the various criteria that can be used to discriminate among the four pos- sible mechanisms of antecedence, superimpo- sition, overfl ow, and piracy. This paper pres- ents the fi rst such compilation and related methodology to apply these criteria both in tabular and graphical formats, as well as an online interactive tool in the data repository. Combining nominal and ordinal data sources, this methodology generates an objective, reproducible assessment for the mechanism most likely to have established the trans- verse drainage at fi ordinal levels of con- fi dence. When applied to southwestern U.S. sites, randomly selected through an objec- tive spatial procedure, four general observa- tions emerged on the relationship between the development of transverse drainage and landscape evolution. (1) Streams persisting through lengthy periods of extension develop antecedent canyons. (2) In order to reestab- lish through-fl owing channels, streams over- fl ow closed basins as active extension wanes. (3) Following a drop in base level related to the newly developed trunk channels, streams tributary to the trunk channels incise into basin-fi ll deposits—sometimes leading to the development of superimposed drainages. (4) Tributaries eroding headward, in response to the integration of two or more closed basins, can capture and redirect drainage; this permits transverse drainage through both piracy and superimposition upstream of the capture event. Because extant criteria use nominal and ordinal data almost entirely, considerable potential exists to refi ne this approach through future strategies that incorporate interval data. Future use of a criteria-based method has the potential to inform on prior geomorphic studies by pro- viding a new perspective with which to study how basins evolve in active tectonic regions, the analysis of related basin sedimentation, the hydrological and biological aspects of drainage evolution, and transverse drainage found in Martian crater fi elds.
Record Keeping and Statistics

Drug court research and evaluation has improved greatly since the advent of the first program in 1989. The initial successes were fueled by anecdotal evidence and testimonials, but the expansion and sustainability of the model depend on solid research and evaluation techniques. It is in this arena where drug courts have the most growing to do. This chapter uses the drug court logic model to describe process and outcome measurement. It also focuses on a standardized method for keeping the records important for evaluation and research purposes.
Attention/Concentration: The Distractible Patient

Attention and concentration are simple concepts on the surface but become complex when asked to assess or differentiate among capacities. While, at its most basic, attention refers to an organisms ability to recognize and respond to changes in its environment. The concept of attention when applied in neuropsychology represents a range of behavior which is dependent on functional integrity of many anatomical regions. The range of behavior includes everything from autonomic and reflexive auditory and visual orientation to sound and movement, to the ability to process several stimuli simultaneously or alternate back and forth from competing stimuli (see Kolb B, Whishaw, 2009 for review). While a universally accepted definition of attention and concentration would be broad and potentially unusable, the models of attention typically have common features including orienting, selecting stimuli and maintenance for a necessary time or successful completion of a task. These factors are represented in Fig. 6.1. Attention is typically viewed as a sequence of processes that occur in several different regions of the brain, which are involved with the acquisition and sustaining of attention. Attention is organized hierarchically, usually modality-specific at its origin and then multi-modality or multi-cortically mediated as in rapid alternation or switching of attention or maintenance of concentration.
A Multicultural Curriculum for Educational Equity: Montclair High School, (U.S. 1983–1990)

This chapter describes the steps one high school English Department in the United States took to create and implement a multicultural world literature course and to dismantle the hegemonic and unequal system of ability grouping that tracked ninth grade students into leveled classes. It begins with an overview of United States schooling touching on the Civil Rights Movement and its connection to educational equity. It then focuses in on Montclair, New Jersey, a suburban metropolitan community outside New York and highlights a single department’s efforts and a community’s commitment to bring about racial justice through curriculum change. The author highlights the specific processes and the personal re-education that all stakeholders shared in bringing about equity and excellence. Specific examples give the reader an understanding of how pedagogy, content and structural change work in tandem to bring about social justice.
COMORBIDADE ENTRE DIABETES MELLITUS E HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA EM CLIENTES DE ESF DE CERES - GOIÁS

Introducao - A Hipertensao arterial sistemica (HAS) e uma doenca cardiovascular que resulta em niveis altos e sustentados da pressao arterial. Comumente associado a hipertensao, o Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e proveniente de uma variedade de condicoes que resultam em hiperglicemia. Em vista disso existem muitas pessoas que fazem uso de anti-hipertensivos e ant-hiperglicemicos simultaneamente. Essa polimedicacao esta diretamente vinculada ao aumento do risco e da gravidade das reacoes adversas a medicamentos (RAM), aparecimento de interacoes medicamentosas (IM) e toxicidade cumulativa. Objetivo - Investigacao da incidencia e prevalencia de DM2 e HAS bem como a sua comorbidade e perfil farmaco terapeutico de pacientes de ESF de Ceres-GO no periodo de Janeiro a Julho de 2014. Metodologia – Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, de aspecto descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo feita atraves de coleta de dados nos registros de dispensacao de medicamentos das ESF do municipio de Ceres-GO. Resultados – No total foram analisados o perfil farmacologico de 1128 individuos dos quais 1059 (93,8%) eram hipertensos e 198 (17,5%) eram diabeticos. A comorbidade observada entre as duas doencas foi de 11,4%. Sendo a Hidroclorotiazida e Metformina a associacao medicamentosa mais comum para tratar essa comorbidade. Conclusao – O numero de sujeitos portadores da comorbidade entre HAS e DM2 representou 53,4% do numero total de diabeticos mas apenas 11,4% do numero total de individuos, o que denuncia que nesta amostra nao houve uma alta relacao entre as duas doencas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hipertensao, diabetes mellitus, comorbidade.
Donne's Devotions : A Meditative Sequence on Repentance

John Donne's Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions had its genesis in 1623 when Donne fell into a nearly fatal illness. In an age which held that there is literally no health in man — “only two degrees, sickness and neutrality,” as Donne wrote to Sir Henry Goodyer — sickness was widely taken as the visible sign of a sinful condition, and Donne's Devotions is no exception. Like “Good Friday, 1613,” “Batter my heart, three person'd God,” and “A Hymne to God the Father,” the Devotions reflects a soul distressed by sin and longing for the assurance of grace. Yet the Devotions is more than a series of meditations on his physical and spiritual condition; it is also a prose sequence on repentance that is aimed at a public audience. As Donne wrote to Sir Robert Ker while convalescing, “I have used this leisure to put the Meditations, had in my sickness, into some such order as may minister some holy delight.” Given Donne's public intention, both the “order” of the Devotions and its “holy delight” merit further examination.
Recent Innovations in Medical and Surgical Retina.

Purpose To summarize major innovations in retinal disease management during fiscal year 2014. Design Literature review. Methods A subset of papers published in the peer-reviewed literature were selected. Results Major innovations in retina include: (1) advances in the treatment of diabetic macular edema, including the use of aflibercept and sustained delivery dexamethasone intravitreal implants as well as subthreshold micropulse diode laser therapy; (2) reduced progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein, and zeaxanthin supplements as reported in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study-2; (3) use of enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography for choroidal imaging; (4) use of gene therapy to treat choroideremia; (5) use of combination pharmacotherapy (i.e., squalamine + ranibizumab) and gene therapy to treat the neovascular complications of AMD; and (6) use of stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium transplants to treat atrophic AMD and Stargardt macular dystrophy. In addition, we review the ocular and systemic risks associated with sustained intraocular steroid delivery and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways. We also review potential applications of gene- versus cell-based therapy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Conclusions Several treatment approaches are effective in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Prophylaxis against AMD progression with Age-Related Eye Disease Study-2 supplements seems to reduce the risk of developing neovascular but not atrophic complications of AMD. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography data provide new information on the role of the choroid in a variety of conditions. Advances in gene- and cell-based therapy will revolutionize the development of regenerative medicine in ophthalmology.
Understanding Farm Structure and Demographic Change: An Ecological Analysis of the Impacts of Irrigation

During this century, rapid changes in the structure of agriculture have had a profound effect on agricultural production and rural areas dependent on agriculture. Unfortunately, however, holistic theoretical models to explain and understand the causes and consequences of these changes have yet to be adequately developed. In this article, a model derived from sociological human ecology is used to longitudinally examine the consequences of environmental and technological changes on farm structure and rural demographic trends in agriculturally dependent areas. This is done by exploring the consequences of irrigation development in the Great Plains. Human ecology theory maintains that environmental and/or technological change will result in changes in the organizational structure of agriculture and subsequently in population trends in affected areas. An analysis of data for a 40-year period (1940–1980) found support for these contentions.
Vendor Incentives: Out of the Shadows and into the Sunlight

Each year in the U.S., manufacturers, distributors and retailers pay or receive billions of dollars in vendor incentives. The payments are an integral part of the marketing plans of many sellers and resellers. Yet, they are largely invisible to investors. Because the payments involved often are contingent on future performance, estimates are required and the resulting accruals can be subject to the pressures of earning management. More complete disclosure would benefit investors and financial markets as well as corporate officers and board members. The magnitude of the discounts and the necessity of estimating their final effects warrant a more comprehensive approach to disclosures in financial reports. In early 2001 the SEC proposed new disclosures requiring a four-column activity analysis for vendor incentives similar to that required for bad debts. That proposal failed, but should be revisited. It’s time to bring vendor incentives into the sunlight.
Violating the Constitution and Risking National Security: How the Children of Foreign Diplomats Born in the United States Become U.S. Citizens in Contravention of the Fourteenth Amendment

There are approximately 5,000 foreign diplomats and their spouses officially residing in the United States. Many of them give birth to children while serving here. The “Citizenship Clause” of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, as noted in numerous Supreme Court opinions, provides that children of foreign diplomats born in the United States are not entitled to U.S. citizenship. Nonetheless, most of those newborn children acquire citizenship because the U.S. government does not have a working mechanism in place to prevent it. This results not only in a flaunting of the Constitution (not to mention international law), but also poses a significant threat to national security. The diplomatic parents of these children are the official representatives of a foreign nation. Some of them are foreign spies. By dint of their profession, they have sworn fealty to a foreign nation, which is not necessarily a nation friendly to the United States. Nonetheless, their now-U.S. citizen children will eventually be able to sponsor their foreign representative parents for U.S. residency, which in turn can result in citizenship. Such status provides the parents with protection under the U.S. Constitution, allows them to reside in the United States, and permits them to enter and leave the United States at will. If these parents are spies, or even merely continue to be supportive of their home nation, we are giving both our allies and our enemies the keys to our castle. This Article will not only describe the problem, but also offer some simple, practical solutions to preclude activities that violate our most supreme law and threaten our nation.
Abstract 257: Predictors of Long-Term Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese People Attending a Worksite Wellness Center

Background: Regular exercise is considered a key element to maintain weight loss, but its role to induce weight loss has been controversial. Methods: In this retrospective study of 7237 individuals attending a worksite wellness center from September 2008 to October 2011 to assess predictors of weight loss at 12 months after joining. Upon joining the wellness center, participants completed a survey that assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, height, weight, self-perceived health behaviors and psychosocial factors using validated 11-point scale items. We limited the sample to 1927 overweight (25 30) participants who completed the survey in full at baseline and at 12 months (+/- 90 days). The outcome variable was weight change at 12 months after enrollment. Weight loss was defined as a loss of > 1kg. Results: Of 1927 participants, 998 (52%) were either overweight (n=573; 57%) or obese (n=425; 43%), and 60% were women. Mean (SD) age was 41 (11.5) yr, BMI 30.7 (5.5) kg/m2 and they visited the wellness center 49 (90) times/year. At 12 months, 416 (42%) of the participants had lost >1 kg and 19% had lost > 5kg. The predictors of weight loss were: baseline BMI, [Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.56 (1.15-2.13); p 52 visits/year, vs ≤ 12 visits/year, respectively. The association persisted after controlling for all covariates (ie, cardiovascular risk factors, self-perceived health behavior and psychosocial factors). The Table shows the results of the multivariate analysis assessing predictors for >1kg weight loss. Neither age, gender, perceived stress, self-perception of being overweight, following a healthy diet, nor history of hypertension, high blood cholesterol or diabetes predicted weight loss. Conclusions: A significant percentage of overweight or obese individuals lose weight after enrolling in a worksite wellness center. Frequency of attendance, baseline BMI, and support for maintaining a healthy living are associated with weight loss. These results suggest interventions to promote usage of wellness centers maybe be beneficial for the obese adult. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Relationship Bind Topic Model Toward Tag Recommendation for Micro-Blog Users

Social tagging systems which allow users to use personalized words to annotate resources are widely accepted by users.In micro-blog network,user can attach personalized labels to himself/herself so as to promote his/her recognition or facilitate others to find him/her.With the deep analysis of the micro-blog dataset,this paper summarizes the characteristics of user's tag.Aiming at the shortcomings of LDA(latent Dirichlet allocation) topic model in dealing with short texts,this paper proposes a new relationship bind topic model.After that,the user's topic distribution is calculated,and topic words are clustered.At last,tag recommendation is performed.The comparative experiments show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy and diversity of tag recommendation task.
Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

[Objective] To understand the disinfection byproducts distribution and their potential health risks by estimating the levels of trihalomethanes(THMs) and haloacetic acids(HAAs) in the finished water of the water treatment plants located in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. [Methods] A total of 28 water samples were collected in March, May, and June 2012, March, May, and August 2013, and February 2014 from five water treatment plants in Pudong New Area. Concentrations of THMs and HAAs in the water samples were detected and assessed for their oral cancer and non-cancer risks using health risk assessment models. [Results] The highest concentration of disinfection byproducts was chloroform(CF)(15.0 μg/L) in plant D during the wet seasons, while the lowest one was dichloroacetic acid(DCAA)(not detected, ND) in plant B during the dry seasons. For the five water treatment plants, the CF concentrations during the wet seasons were higher than those in the dry seasons, while the patterns of dibromochloromethane(DBCM) and bromoform(BF) were reversed. The ranges of DCAA and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA) concentrations was ND-3.33 μg/L and 0.55-8.25 μg/L, respectively. The TCAA concentrations in the wet seasons were slightly higher than those in the dry seasons, while DCAA showed little fluctuation. For oral cancer risk, DBCM ranked the first(2.90×10-5) and BF the last(5.30×10-7). Except for BF in the wet seasons with cancer risk levels between 5.30×10-7 and 1.10×10-6, the cancer risks of DBCM, BDCM, DCAA, and TCAA from five plants ranged from 2.00×10-6 to 3.14×10-5 and exceeded the acceptable cancer risk level of 1×10-6 recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. CF presented the highest non-cancer risk, followed by DCAA in the dry seasons. The oral cancer and non-cancer risks for the detected disinfection byproducts showed variations by time and gender: dry seasons showed higher risks than wet seasons(expect that CF in five water treatment plants and DCAA and TCAAin plant B during the wet seasons showed higher non-cancer risks than those in the dry seasons) and the risks in female were higher than those in male. [Conclusion] DBCM and BDCM show the highest cancer risks, and CF and DCAA show the highest noncancer risk. The risk levels in dry seasons are higher than those in wet seasons. These findings indicate that more attention should be paid to the reduction of potential cancer and non-cancer risks of long-term exposure to disinfection byproducts and the treatment process adjustment according to seasonal variations.
A computer controlled partial discharge measurement system for capacitor evaluation

Continuous measurement of partial discharges gives information not available by conventional corona measurements. Partial discharge activity may be related to dynamic variables, such as time under voltage, overvoltages, and changes in temperature and/ or pressure. A computer controlled system which monitors such variables, in addition to partial discharge characteristics, is described. To improve the productivity of the system, several samples are energized simultaneously while the data acquisition is multiplexed. The temperature of the test samples may be controlled with ovens. A data logger measures test voltage and temperature of the units. Partial discharge activity is monitored both by a pulse height analyzer and the data logger. A mini-computer is used for control and data analysis. Results may be utilized immediately, as for adjustment of parameters, or subsequently used for correlation of partial discharge activity with other parameters in longer term tests. Results illustrating the use of the system are presented. Effects of temperature cycling on the partial discharge activity in several types of liquid impregnated capacitors, with differing dielectric pads (paper, film) and electrodes (foil, metallized), are shown. The applications and limitations of the system for capacitor evaluation are discussed.
Fast neutron resonance tomography using double scatter spectroscopy for materials identification

Fast neutron based inspection systems are of interest in many Homeland Security applications because they offer the potential for elemental identification particularly for low Z elements which are the prime constituents of explosives. We are investigating a resonance tomography technique which may address some of the current problems found in fast neutron based inspection systems. A commercial off-the-shelf DT generator is used with an array of detectors to probe materials simultaneously over a large energy range and multiple viewing angles allowing for simultaneous 3-D imaging and materials identification. A prototype system has been constructed and we present here recent results for the identification of materials with differing H, C, N, O compositions.
Spector: An OpenCL FPGA benchmark suite

High-level synthesis tools allow programmers to use OpenCL to create FPGA designs. Unfortunately, these tools have a complex compilation process that can take several hours to synthesize a single design. This creates a significant barrier for design optimization since even experts typically need to test many designs due to the non-obvious interactions between the different optimizations. Thus, understanding the design space, and guiding the optimization process is a crucial requirement for enabling the widespread adoption of these high-level synthesis tools. However this requires a significant amount of design space data that is currently unavailable or difficult to generate. To solve this problem, we present an OpenCL FPGA benchmark suite. We outfitted each benchmark with a range of optimization parameters (or knobs), compiled over 8300 unique designs using the Altera OpenCL SDK, executed them on a Terasic DE5 board, and recorded their corresponding performance and utilization characteristics. We describe the resulting design spaces, and perform a statistical analysis of the optimization configurations which provides valuable architecture insights to FPGA developers. We make the benchmarks and results completely open-source to give opportunities for the community to perform additional analyses and provide a repository of well-documented designs for follow-on research.
A Study of Total Transient Energy During the Fault Period

The total transient energy accumulated during the fault period is an important factor affecting power system dynamics. In this paper, we present a study of the total transient energy. First, we ana...
Effects of Aggregate Size on the Rutting and Stripping Resistance of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to examine the effect of the nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) on the rutting and stripping performance of Georgia asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed ...
Evaluation of the Catalytic Relevance of the CO-Bound States of V-Nitrogenase

Binding and activation of CO by nitrogenase is a topic of interest because CO is isoelectronic to N2 , the physiological substrate of this enzyme. The catalytic relevance of one- and multi-CO-bound states (the lo-CO and hi-CO states) of V-nitrogenase to C-C coupling and N2 reduction was examined. Enzymatic and spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the multiple CO moieties in the hi-CO state cannot be coupled as they are, suggesting that C-C coupling requires further activation and/or reduction of the bound CO entity. Moreover, these studies reveal an interesting correlation between decreased activity of N2 reduction and increased population of the lo-CO state, pointing to the catalytic relevance of the belt Fe atoms that are bridged by the single CO moiety in the lo-CO state. Together, these results provide a useful framework for gaining insights into the nitrogenase-catalyzed reaction via further exploration of the utility of the lo-CO conformation of V-nitrogenase.
Aesthetic Rivalries in Avant-Garde Mexico: Art Writing and the Field of Cultural Production

Debates between poets and artists in 1920s Mexico have recently received attention from literary critics, art historians and museum curators. However, these debates have yet to be theorized, mapped or understood comprehensively. In this chapter, forgoing traditional formalist approaches and drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theories, I consider the significance of debates between poets, who became art writers, and painters in the immediate aftermath of the Mexican Revolution. Bourdieu’s critical tools, including his understanding of fields as sites of struggle, his insights into the perception and legitimation of art, and his ideas regarding symbolic violence and hysteresis are invaluable for comprehending the significant consequences of this rivalry among cultural producers in a country grappling with the reconstruction of its social and political institutions.
A novel reporter for real-time, quantitative imaging of AKT-directed K63-poly-ubiquitination in living cells

// Shyam Nyati 1 , Nauman Chaudhry 1 , Areeb Chatur 1 , Brandon S. Gregg 1 , Lauren Kimmel 1 , Dheeraj Khare 2 , Venkatesha Basrur 3, 4 , Dipankar Ray 1 and Alnawaz Rehemtulla 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA 2 Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA 3 UMCCC Proteomics Shared Resource, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA 4 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA Correspondence to: Shyam Nyati, email: shyamnya@med.umich.edu Alnawaz Rehemtulla, email: alnawaz@umich.edu Keywords: AKT; K63-ubiquitination; reporter; luciferase imaging; real-time Received: December 04, 2017 Accepted: January 20, 2018 Published: January 25, 2018 ABSTRACT Post-translational K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of AKT is required for its membrane recruitment and phosphorylation dependent activation in response to growth-factor stimulation. Current assays for target specific poly-ubiquitination involve cumbersome enzymatic preparations and semi-quantitative readouts. We have engineered a reporter that can quantitatively and in a target specific manner report on AKT-directed K63-polyubiquitination (K63UbR) in live cells. The reporter constitutes the AKT-derived poly-ubiquitination substrate peptide, a K63 poly-ubiquitin binding domain (UBD) as well as the split luciferase protein complementation domains. In cells, wherein signaling events upstream of AKT are activated (e.g. either EGFR or IGFR), poly-ubiquitination of the reporter leads to a stearic constraint that prevents luciferase complementation. However, upon inhibition of growth factor receptor signaling, loss of AKT poly-ubiquitination results in a decrease in interaction between the target peptide and the UBD, allowing for reconstitution of the split luciferase domains and therefore increased bioluminescence in a quantitative and dynamic manner. The K63UbR was confirmed to be suitable for high throughput screen (HTS), thus providing an excellent tool for small molecule or siRNA based HTS to discover new inhibitors or identify novel regulators of this key signaling node. Furthermore, the K63UbR platform could be adapted for non-invasive monitoring of additional target specific K63-polyubiquitination events in live cells.
Beyond ethics: Conscience, pacifism, and the political in wartime Britain

The central intervention of this article concerns the contingency of the relationship between ethics and politics. The empirical focus is Second World War Britain, where the refusal to fight was often framed as a conscientious objection. More broadly, one of the central propositions in the anthropology of ethics has been that ethics is ubiquitous. However, ethical practices—such as conscience—are not always prioritized in public life. It is not simply, for example, that we might have different ways of answering “how ought I to live?”, but that the question itself is not always thought to be socially significant. We therefore need to pay attention to how and why the question is posed, and what this means for who can speak and about what issues. As such, the paper argues that the valorization of conscience can reproduce forms of privilege.
Effect of mating on the luteinizing hormone surge in the pig.

Twenty-eight cannulated crossbred gilts were assigned to one of four treatments: natural mating, artificial insemination (AI, whole semen), AI (seminal plasma) or control (nonmated). Blood samples were collected four times daily (0800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 hr) on the day before standing estrus, the day of the onset of standing estrus and the first day after the onset of standing estrus. Thereafter, blood samples were collected once daily (1200 hr) until 15 days postestrus. Analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the plasma revealed similar concentrations for all groups on the day of estrus, but higher (P less than .05) values for naturally mated gilts the following morning. Mean concentrations of LH on the first day after the onset of standing estrus were higher (P less than .01) for the mated gilts (2.75 +/- .54 ng/ml) than for gilts in the AI whole semen (.89 +/- .10 ng/ml), AI seminal plasma (1.02 +/- .13 ng/ml) and control groups (.92 +/- .11 ng/ml). Concentration of LH in the plasma of pregnant gilts tended to be higher after day 9. These results suggest that coitus may prolong the LH surge.
PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN COMPOSITE MARERIALS*

ABSTRACT This paper gives a general overview of the production, properties, and applications of composite materials. A review of the properties and characteristics of the different fibers and matrices commonly used is presented. The different most common production techniques for composites are discussed, Several applications indicating the wide use, and potentials of composites are discussed.