cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simultaneous variable selection methodology for linear mixed models

ABSTRACTSelecting an appropriate structure for a linear mixed model serves as an appealing problem in a number of applications such as in the modelling of longitudinal or clustered data. In this paper, we propose a variable selection procedure for simultaneously selecting and estimating the fixed and random effects. More specifically, a profile log-likelihood function, along with an adaptive penalty, is utilized for sparse selection. The Newton-Raphson optimization algorithm is performed to complete the parameter estimation. By jointly selecting the fixed and random effects, the proposed approach increases selection accuracy compared with two-stage procedures, and the usage of the profile log-likelihood can improve computational efficiency in one-stage procedures. We prove that the proposed procedure enjoys the model selection consistency. A simulation study and a real data application are conducted for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Free and interacting short-range entangled phases of fermions: Beyond the tenfold way

We extend the periodic table of phases of free fermions in the tenfold way symmetry classes to a classification of free fermionic phases protected by an arbitrary on-site unitary symmetry $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{G}$ in an arbitrary dimension. The classification is described as a function of the real representation theory of $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{G}$ and the data of the original periodic table. We also systematically study in low dimensions the relationship between the free invariants and the invariants of short-range entangled interacting phases of fermions. Namely we determine whether a given symmetry protected phase of free fermions is destabilized by sufficiently strong interactions or it remains stable even in the presence of interactions. We also determine which interacting fermionic phases cannot be realized by free fermions. Examples of both destabilized free phases and intrinsically interacting phases are common in all dimensions.
Space and Networks: Mexico City and #Yosoy132

The first Internet-driven political movement in Mexican history started two years ago in Mexico City. The movement, called #yosoy132, was integrated by university students denouncing the alleged support of media giant Televisa to presidential candidate Enrique Pena Nieto. Mexico City became a platform for the movement, allowing multiple actors to participate across space and time. During the protest, public space became a hybrid realm in which global and local networks coincided. The Internet reconfigured the relation of urbanites to space and to each other, and face-to-face encounters, mediated by social networks, allowed for protestors to cohere in a collective identity. This was an ephemeral moment, however, that latter succumbed to the fragmented life of the megalopolis. In the paper I will show how the events that lead to the massive protest of #yosoy132 in the city center did not take place in a vacuum; they developed in particular areas of the city that are intersected by different local and global threads. Spaces in cities are connected to each other in different ways, the Internet is one: participation in it extends the field of action of a crowd or an individual beyond the limits set up by the built environment. Thus, a crowd that congregates in a secluded space and tweets about it is creating a sense of events unfolding precisely throughout the whole city because of their networked visibility.
Addressing the Gap in Physician Preparedness To Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Women: a Comprehensive Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women

Increased recognition of risk factors and improved knowledge of sex-specific presentations has led to improved clinical outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to two decades ago. Yet, CVD remains the leading cause of death for women in the USA. Women have unique risk factors for CVD that continue to go under-recognized by their physicians. In a nationwide survey of primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists, only 22% of PCPs and 42% of cardiologists reported being extremely well prepared to assess CVD risk in women. A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologist (ACOG) recommends that cardiologists and obstetricians and gynecologists (Ob/Gyns) collaborate to promote CVD risk identification and reduction throughout a woman’s lifetime. We suggest a comprehensive approach to identify unique and traditional risk factors for CVD in women, address the gap in physician knowledge, and improve cardiovascular care for women.
Are Men Being Left Behind (Or Catching Up)? Differences in HPV Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Between Diverse College Men and Women:

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess awareness, knowledge, and attitudes in regard to human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccination against HPV among college students. From 2015 to 2017, 386 diverse undergraduates were recruited from a south Florida university. A survey, part of which was researcher developed, of HPV awareness, knowledge, and attitudes was conducted. The majority (84%) of participants had heard of HPV, and 70% had favorable attitudes toward vaccination. Only 28% of men and 55% of women had received ≥1 dose vaccine (p = .01), and 4% of all participants reported that they had received 3 doses. Those with ≥1 dose (n = 123, 40.1%) were more knowledgeable about HPV (p = .01). High knowledge scores were recorded for 30% of respondents and were strongly associated with HPV vaccine initiation among both men and women (p < .001) and perceived knowledge among women only (p < .001). Negative attitudes toward HPV vaccine acceptance were associated with low knowledge scores (p = .01) and undervaccination (p < .001). Vaccinated women (n = 95) were over seven times more likely than were unvaccinated women (n = 115) to report positive vaccine attitudes (relative risk = 7.1). HPV vaccination status was not associated with vaccine attitudes among men. HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake remain problematic among college students, and deficits in both are associated with negative HPV vaccine attitudes. Although the knowledge gap is narrowing, HPV vaccination efforts should target young men, as HPV-related cancer morbidity continues to rise in men.
Hope turned sour: second-generation incorporation and mobility in U.S. new immigrant destinations

ABSTRACTThe number and size of “new immigrant destinations” (NIDs) in the United States grew quickly over the 1990s and 2000s, but Latino newcomers residing in them witnessed a profound negative tu...
The history and theory of environmental scenography: 2nd edition, by Arnold Aronson, London, Methuen Drama, 2018, ix + 254 pp., $30.56 (paperback), $24.44 (eBook), ISBN 9781474283960

This is a timely reissue of Arnold Aronson’s now-classic work on environmental theatre. First published in 1977, it presents a historiographical account of environmental aesthetics from Adam de la ...
Reflective Listening Visualization: Enhancing Interdisciplinary Disaster Research through the Use of Visualization Techniques

Reflective Listening Visualization is an interdisciplinary research method and iterative process that includes the participation and involvement of multiple team members of different disciplines when (1) conducting in-depth interviews, (2) performing thematic analysis of the interview data, (3) using the emergent themes as basis to design visual representations of the themes, (4) presenting the visuals back to the interviewee for feedback, and (5) using the feedback to confirm the visual, refine the existing visual, or to create a new visual. Fundamentally, the Reflective Listening Visualization technique is an enhanced communication tool that aims to increase the community member's voice and to verify the understanding of their experiences, ideas, and concerns while also enhancing the interdisciplinary learning potential of the research team. In this article, we describe the Reflective Listening Visualization process and discuss how the Reflective Listening Visualization process allows for (1) improved communication between interdisciplinary team members, (2) understanding of residents' wants and needs for their community, (3) increasing rapport with residents, (4) building trust between residents and between residents and researchers, (5) accurate representation of residents ideas, and (6) community members to become motivated about the possibilities of the future of their community.
The effect of management control mechanisms through risk-taking incentives on asymmetric cost behavior

We investigate the relationship between management control mechanisms, specifically risk-taking incentives targeted at mitigating moral hazard, and cost behavior during periods of sales declines relative to periods of sales growth. We find that incentive vega of both chief executive officers and top five paid executives is associated with expedited reductions in selling, general, and administrative cost in periods of sales declines. These results are consistent with the Sedatole et al. (J Account Res 50(2):553–592, 2012) finding that incentive vega induces managers to adopt a more elastic cost structure, presumably because managerial operational decisions, particularly outsourcing, increase firms’ total risk. We conduct an additional analysis to rule out an alternative explanation that the expedited cost cuts may be driven by incentives to manage earnings. Finally, our results are robust to alternative measures of risk-taking incentives. Overall, our findings support the view that management control mechanisms through risk-taking incentives are an important determinant of management cost adjustment decisions in periods of demand declines relative to periods of demand growth.
Dignity, Development, and the Gravity of Child Soldiering

This paper critically examines two formulations of the view that the crime of using child soldiers is less serious than other international crimes. The first formulation presents a sociological argument that using child soldiers is not as serious as other international crimes involving rape or murder, and the second formulation relies on deontological moral norms to argue that using child soldiers is less serious than crimes involving murder because child soldiering does not violate fundamental human values, like the right to life. After critically examining each formulation of this view, I argue that using child soldiers does violate a fundamental human value by attacking the dignity of the developing child, where dignity is understood in terms of a person’s moral agency.
Miami University Libraries Copyright Webinar Series

All libraries are impacted by copyright law, but the questions music libraries grapple with may often be more complex due to the nature of their materials and the needs of their user communities. T...
Weight stigma and health behaviors: evidence from the Eating in America Study.

Weight stigma is pervasive across the U.S. and is associated with poor health outcomes including all-cause mortality. One potential reason that weight stigma may be detrimental to health is that it begets poorer health behaviors. Therefore, the present study tested for associations between weight stigma and four health behaviors (i.e., eating behavior, alcohol use, sleep disturbance, and physical activity), while controlling for BMI and other potential confounds. Participants (N = 2022) in the U.S. were recruited for the Eating in America Study using a Qualtrics panel between December 2019 and January 2020 and were census-matched according to national quotas for age, gender, income, race/ethnicity, and census region. Participants completed questionnaires about weight stigma, health behaviors, demographics, and anthropometric measurements. The current study employed a two-stage investigation: exploratory analyses were first performed on a random sample of the dataset (n = 438), then the remaining unexamined data were used to conduct confirmatory analyses that were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Controlling for BMI, weight stigma was significantly associated with greater disordered eating (b = 0.34, 95% CI [0.31, 0.38], p < 0.001), comfort eating (b = 0.32, 95% CI [0.25, 0.39], p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (b = 0.27, 95% CI [0.20, 0.33], p < 0.001), and alcohol use (b = 0.30, 95% CI [0.11, 0.49], p = 0.002), but not lower physical activity (b = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.13, 0.05], p = 0.402) for individuals across the weight spectrum. BMI and perceived weight status significantly moderated the effects of weight stigma on disordered eating and alcohol use. No gender differences were found. These confirmatory analyses partially replicated the exploratory stage 1 findings. This study provides preliminary evidence that weight stigma is linked to several poor health behaviors, which may impact physical health.
Three subtypes of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in chick retina

A recent report described the isolation of cDNA clones encoding alpha 7 and alpha 8 subunits of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic ACh receptors (alpha BgtAChRs) from chick brain and demonstrated that they were related to, but distinct from, the alpha subunits of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) from muscles and neurons. Monoclonal antibodies against the two alpha BgtAChR subunits were used to demonstrate that at least two subtypes are present in embryonic day 18 chicken brain. The predominant brain subtype contains alpha 7 subunits, while a minor subtype contains both alpha 7 and alpha 8 subunits. Both subtypes may also contain other subunits. Here we report the results of immune precipitation studies and immunohistochemical studies of alpha BgtAChRs in the chick retina. In addition to the two subtypes found in brain, a new alpha BgtAChR subtype that contains alpha 8 subunits, but not alpha 7 subunits, was identified and was found to be the major subtype in chick retina. This subtype has a lower affinity for alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) than does the subtype containing only alpha 7 subunits. Small amounts of this alpha 8 subtype were also detected in brain by labeling with higher concentrations of 125I-alpha Bgt than had been used previously. The subtype containing only alpha 7 subunits comprised 14% of the alpha BgtAChRs in hatchling chick retina. The subtype containing alpha 8 subunits (but no alpha 7 subunits) accounted for 69%, and the alpha 7 alpha 8 subtype accounted for 17%. Amacrine, bipolar, and ganglion cells displayed alpha 8 subunit immunoreactivity, and a complex pattern of labeling was evident in both the inner and outer plexiform layers. In contrast, only amacrine and ganglion cells exhibited alpha 7 subunit immunoreactivity, and the pattern of alpha 7 subunit labeling in the inner plexiform layer differed from that of alpha 8 subunit labeling. These disparities suggest that the alpha BgtAChR subunits are differentially expressed by different populations of retinal neurons. In addition, the distribution of alpha BgtAChR subunit immunoreactivity was found to differ from that of alpha-Bgt- insensitive nAChR subunits.
The Nazi Origins of Eduard Pernkopf's "Topographische Anatomie des Menschen:" The Biomedical Ethical Issues.

Summary The atrocities produced by Nazi doctors during the Holocaust have left a lasting imprint on contemporary society and, in particular, the health professions. The discovery of the Nazi origins of a classic anatomy atlas is just one of many examples of scientific information obtained by doctors who violated the Hippocratic Oath and abused their power in the name of science. The focus of this paper is on how the origins of the Pernkopf anatomy atlas became known over 50 years after its creation. The ethical dilemmas that doctors and medical centers face as a result of this and other potentially tainted data is reviewed.
Formacion del contrato mercantil y el problema del riesgo. Un ensayo sobre el proceso juridico estadounidense

En este pequeno ensayo quiero tratar la cuestion del riesgo en el contrato. Lo escribi inspirado por mi visita al Peru en septiembre de 1985, cuando tuve la oportunidad de participar en una mesa redonda sobre el tema, que tuvo lugar en la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. Resulto uno de los actos academicos mas agradables de mi vida, pues fui el unico que aporte conocimientos sobre el sistema norteamericano mientras habian seis magnificos juristas peruanos, todos con una compenetracion profunda en el proceso de redaccion del Codigo Civil peruano de 1984. Trajeron a debate aspectos centrales de sus discusiones sobre el Derecho de Contratos, cuando redactaron las normas de los Libros segundo,s exto y septimo del nuevo Codigo, y desarrollaron un vibrante intercambio de conceptos y analisis.
Illuminating Texts : - A Short Primer on Children's Books in the Global Economy

Eight publishing corporations produced over 84% of the books reviewed in The Horn Book Magazine in 2000 and over 75% of the books that received a starred review in The School Library Journal in 2000. These corporations' interests in children's books have little to do with bringing compelling stories to children. Rather, their interests run to "branding," "licensing," "vertical integration," "meaning brokering," and "synergy," because these are the paths to greater sales and profits. When we unpack what these words and phrases mean, what we find is chilling.
Volatilization of Selenium by Alternaria alternata

Seleniferous water continues to be a serious problem to wildlife in the central valley of California. Water samples collected from Kesterson Reservoir, Peck Ranch, and Lost Hills evaporation pond facilities contained between 0.005 and 5 mg of Se per liter. The objective of this study was to isolate Se-methylating organisms in evaporation pond water and to assess, through enrichment and manipulation of their optimal growth parameters, the environmental factors which govern microbial Se methylation. Alternaria alternata was isolated as an active Se-methylating organism. The volatile product was identified as dimethylselenide. The effects of pH, temperature, Se substrates, and methyl donors on the ability of A. alternata to methylate Se were investigated in liquid medium containing 100 mg of Se per liter. The optimum pH and temperature for methylation were 6.5 and 30°C, respectively. Selenate and selenite were methylated more rapidly than selenium sulfide and various organic Se compounds (6-selenoguanosine, 6-selenoinosine, seleno-dl-methionine, and 6-selenopurine). l-Methionine and methyl cobalamine (0.1 μM) stimulated dimethylselenide production. This study demonstrates that Se-methylating organisms are present in evaporation pond water and are capable of liberating substantial quantities of Se in the volatile dimethylselenide form. By determining the optimum environmental conditions which stimulate volatilization, it may be possible to design a way to remove Se from seleniferous water in situ.
Linearly tapered slot antenna radiation characteristics at millimeter-wave frequencies

We present the radiation characteristics of a linear tapered slot antenna (LTSA) at frequencies of 50 GHz, 77 GHz and 94 GHz. These frequencies have been designated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for several emerging wireless communications. Our studies are compared with Korzeniowski et al. (1983). The patterns are well behaved and symmetric. The measured gain of the LTSAs is about 10 dB.
Appearance-based recognition using perceptual components

A fundamental problem with appearance-based recognition is how to encode the perceptual similarity between images as images need to be grouped based on their perceptual similarity. In this paper, we employ a spectral histogram model for generic appearance-based recognition. A perceptual component is defined as the spectral histogram of a training image, which encodes all the images perceptually similar to the input image. The similarity between two perceptual components is measured as /spl chi//sup 2/ distance between the corresponding spectral histograms, which has been shown to be perceptually meaningful. Building on this representation, we use the nearest neighbor classifier to classify an unseen input image, where each object class is represented by the perceptual components of the training images. A distinctive advantage of our representation is that it can be applied to many recognition problems, including texture classification, face recognition, and 3D object recognition.
Generation of a mouse model of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system through combined deletion of Snf5 and p53

Malignant rhabdoid tumors arise in several anatomic locations and are associated with poor outcomes. In the brain, these tumors are known as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT). While genetically engineered models for malignant rhabdoid tumors exist, none of them recapitulate AT/RT, for which preclinical models remain lacking. In the majority of AT/RT, LOH occurs at the genetic locus SNF5 (Ini1/BAF47/Smarcb1), which functions as a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic malignant rhabdoid tumors. Therefore, we generated mice in which Snf5 was ablated specifically in nestin-positive and/or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Snf5 ablation in nestin-positive cells resulted in early lethality that could not be rescued by loss of p53. However, Snf5 ablation in GFAP-positive cells caused a neurodegenerative phenotype exacerbated by p53 loss. Notably, these double mutants exhibited AT/RT development, associated with an earlier failure in granule neuron migration in the cerebellum, reduced neuronal projections in the hippocampus, degeneration of the corpus callosum, and ataxia and seizures. Gene expression analysis confirmed that the tumors that arose in Snf5/p53 mutant mice were distinct from other neural tumors and most closely resembled human AT/RT. Our findings uncover a novel role for Snf5 in oligodendrocyte generation and survival, and they offer evidence of the first genetically engineered mouse model for AT/RT in the CNS.
Sample and hold effect in PWM DC-DC converters with peak current-mode control

The sample and hold effect, or quasi-digital (discrete) behaviour, of constant-frequency peak current-mode control (PCM) is pulse-width modulated DC-DC converters is presented in a manner consistent with the physical behaviour of the circuit. This approach develops a transfer function using control theory that captures the quasi-digital behaviour encountered when the current control loop is closed in PCM. The new transfer function accurately captures the current loop behaviour, leading the way for a compete linear time-variant system circuit for PWM DC-DC converters. This work improves upon previous derivations by remaining true to the physical behaviour of the circuit while resulting in a rational transfer function that can be used in a multiple loop complete linear system circuit to accurately predict converter behaviour due to changes in input voltage, output current, and reference voltage.
An invariance of domain result for multi-valued maximal monotone operators whose domains do not necessarily contain any open sets

Let X be a real, reflexive, locally uniformly convex Banach space with X* locally uniformly convex. Let T: X D D(T) -4 2X be a maximal monotone operator and G C X open and bounded. Assume that M C X* is pathwise connected and such that T(D(T) n G) n M + 0 and T(D(T) n oG) n M = 0. Then M C T(D(T) n G). If, moreover, T is of type (S) on o9G, then T(D(T) n 9G) may be replaced above by T(D(T) n 9G). The significance of this result lies in the fact that it holds for multi-valued mappings T which do not have to satisfy intD(T) -0. It has also been used in this paper in order to establish a general "invariance of domain" result for maximal monotone operators, and may be applied to a greater variety of problems involving partial differential equations. No degree theory has been used. In addition to the above, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a zero (in an open and bounded set G) of a completely continuous perturbation T + C of a maximal monotone operator T such that T + C is locally monotone on G.
Modular switched-capacitor Dc-Dc converters tied with lithium-ion batteries for use in battery electric vehicles

This paper presents a modular switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter based electric drive system for battery electric vehicles. In such a system, modularized lithium-ion battery cell tied MOSFET SC converters are used instead of the more conventional IGBT boost converter. Following the drive train architecture, the modeling approach for each electrical component, including the battery set, dc-dc and dc-ac converters, ac machines, and their control is discussed. Emphasis is given on state of the art lithium-ion battery models and SC converter design. System level performance is analyzed based on simulation results across drive cycles. Hardware including a three-cell lithium-ion battery tied SC converter module is built and tested. Application notes such as economic and spacing constraints are addressed.
Competitive Mate Searching in Thirteen‐lined Ground Squirrels (Mammalia, Sciuridae): Potential Roles of Spatial Memory

Male thirteen-lined ground squirrels search actively for spatially scattered females during the mating season, and male mate-location ability is a key determinant of male mating success. These circumstances are predicted to favour male spatial abilities. I conducted a female-removal study in which females were observed the day before coming into oestrus and then removed for 2 h on the morning they were sexually receptive; males were scored on the sites they visited while searching for removed females. Two hypotheses were tested: 1. males search preferentially at sites where they had encountered the female the day before (i.e. males remember particular locations used by the female); and 2. male searches are guided by long-distance chemical cues. The results showed little evidence for male attraction to sites used frequently by the female, where residual chemical cues should have been strongest; moreover, males failed to locate oestrous females that were displaced from their home ranges. Consistent with the spatial-memory hypothesis, male searches were biased toward sites where they had interacted with the female, suggesting that males are capable of using spatial memory to relocate individual females once they become sexually receptive. In addition, both the order of male site visits and male performance on a maze task indicate a potential role for spatial memory in avoiding recently searched sites.
Ultrafast temporal pulse shaping via phase-sensitive three-wave mixing.

It is well-known that the process of optical parametric amplification (OPA) can be sensitive to the phases of the incident waves. In OPA realized by three-wave mixing, injection of all three waves into the same mode with appropriate phase relationship results in amplification of the signal phase, with an associated deamplification of the signal energy. Prospects for the use of this technique in the temporal domain for shaping ultrashort laser pulses are analyzed using a numerical model. Several representative pulse shaping capabilities of this technique are identified, which can significantly augment the performance of common passive pulse shaping methods operating in the Fourier domain. It is found that the use of phase-sensitive OPA shows a potential for significant compression of ~ 100 fs pulses, steepening of the rise time of ultrashort pulses, and production of pulse doublets and pulse trains. It is also shown that the group velocity mismatch can assist the shaping process. Such pulse shaping capabilities are found to be within reach of this technique in common nonlinear optical crystals pumped by pulses available from compact femtosecond chirped-pulse amplification laser systems.
Effects of prenatal administration of citrinin and viriditoxin to mice.

Abstract Citrinin and viriditoxin, toxic fungal metabolites, were administered ip to mice at dose levels of 0 (control). 10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg and 0, 2, 3 or 3-5 mg/kg, respectively, on one of days 7-10 of pregnancy. The highest doses of citrinin decreased foetal weight gain when given on any day of gestation and decreased prenatal survival when administered on gestation days 7. 8 or 10. No significant increase in foetal abnormalities was associated with exposure to either toxin, and viriditoxin had little effect on prenatal survival or growth. The highest doses of citrinin were sometimes fatal to the dams and those of viriditoxin were often fatal.
New paradigms for effective multicasting and fingerprinting of entertainment media

The large-scale adoption of network-centric entertainment systems rests on the ability to provide reliable, low-cost, and secure services for all parties in the entertainment distribution system. The use of modern data networks such as the Internet to communicate digital entertainment media is motivated, in part, by advancements in communication networking, signal processing, and storage technologies that facilitate more flexible and granular business models. This same technological progress can also be shown to equip potential "attackers" with the means to more easily violate system security. A broad class of system security issues for entertainment applications is addressed by the growing field of digital rights management. This article focuses on an aspect of DRM that involves multicast entertainment media distribution using digital encryption and digital fingerprinting technologies to prevent widespread piracy. The goal of DRM is to provide protection and facilitate equitable compensation for all parties in the entertainment distribution chain including content creators, aggregators, distributors, and consumers. Previous security proposals to protect entertainment media have sacrificed broadcast efficiency for security. This article collectively addresses security and broadcast efficiency for network-centric entertainment systems, an area of research seldom explored. We present the challenges, technological solutions, and future trends of this emerging field.
Vector-polarization measurements and phase-shift analysis for d-α scattering between 3 and 11 MeV

Abstract Vector-polarized deuterons from a tandem accelerator were used to measure the vector analysing power in d-α elastic scattering at deuteron energies from 3 to 11 MeV in steps of 1 MeV, for c.m. angles between 21° and 152°. A phase-shift analysis was carried out of the differential cross section and of tensor and vector polarization data. It was found that f-waves must be included above 8 MeV. The analysis confirms the presence of the two known d-wave resonances. The p-wave phase shifts were found to be small. An alternate solution with large p-wave phase shifts was found at 8 MeV.
Development and evolution of electrocardiographic Minnesota Q-QS codes in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The development of ECG Minnesota Q-QS codes and their subsequent evolution were studied in the first 692 subjects to enter the POSCH program who had had one MI. The mean interval from MI to entry into the study was 2.2 years. Sixty-three percent of the subjects developed the most significant code with the infarction. By the time the subjects entered the study, the codes had commonly regressed to a lower level, disappearing altogether in 34%. The likelihood of complete regression varied inversely with the significance of the code. There was no significant difference between the groups with disappearance and with retention of a Q-QS code as to time since MI, the extent of coronary arterial disease, or the age or sex of the subject. In about half of the subjects the original code did not change with time and in 21% to 44% the code increased to one of a higher level of significance.
Transport properties of concrete pavements with excellent long-term in-service performance

Abstract Excellent long-term performance in concrete pavements is associated with both concrete strength and durability properties like permeability and chloride ion penetration resistance. Water and air permeability are investigated, as is the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). Strong relations between compressive strength and permeability and chloride ion penetration resistance of typical ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete pavements are observed. Effects of environmental exposure on permeability and RCPT results are explained. Through-depth variation of permeability and RCPT results within a pavement slab are shown and discussed.
Detection of hypoventilation during deep sedation in patients undergoing ambulatory gynaecological hysteroscopy: a comparison between transcutaneous and nasal end-tidal carbon dioxide measurements

Abstract Background Transcutaneous measurement of carbon dioxide (Tc co 2 ) provides a non-invasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide ( P a co 2 ). Nasal capnography ( P e′ co 2 ) is used to assess ventilation during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) with sedation since it can readily detect apnoea. We compared the agreement between Tc co 2 and P e′ co 2 with P a co 2 and the ability to detect hypercarbia in patients under deep sedation. Methods Forty healthy female subjects receiving deep sedation for hysteroscopy were studied. A Tc co 2 (TOSCA 500, Radiometer, Inc., Westlake, OH, USA) electrode was applied to the earlobe and P e′ co 2 capnography was monitored using nasal side-stream sampling. All subjects received oxygen (3 litre min −1 ). Subjects were evaluated at intervals using a modified Ramsay sedation score until they reached a score ≥5. Arterial blood gas values were compared with Tc co 2 and P e′ co 2 values. Bland–Altman, linear regression, and receiver operator characteristics analysis were performed. Results The mean (sd) absolute difference between the Tc co 2 , P e′ co 2 , and the P a co 2 were 0.43 (0.35) and 1.06 (0.8) kPa, respectively ( P =0.002). Tc co 2 demonstrated a mean bias (2 sd) of 0.23 (0.07–0.4) kPa with P a co 2 compared with −0.93 (−1.24 to −0.63) kPa for P e′ co 2 . One minute before blood sampling, the sensitivity of the Tc co 2 monitor for detecting P a co 2 >6.65 kPa was greater than for P e′ co 2 (66.7% vs 33.3%, P Conclusions Tc co 2 demonstrated better agreement with P a co 2 than P e′ co 2 for patients under MAC with deep sedation. Tc co 2 monitoring was more sensitive for detection of P a co 2 >6.65 kPa than P e′ co 2 .
The effects of excision repair and the plasmid pKM101 on the induction of his+ revertants by chemical agents in Salmonella typhimurium

Expansion of the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis test to include plasmid pKM101-bearing, excision repair-proficient derivatives permits 1) the identification of mutagens that require both factors for activity; 2) the identification of genotoxins through the enhancement of survival by excision repair; and 3) the classification of substances according to the effects of excision repair on their mutagenesis. Class I includes substances that require excision repair to effect mutagenesis. Class II contains substances whose mutagenesis is not affected by excision repair. Class III mutagens cause premutational lesions in DNA which are readily removed by excision repair. This classification scheme is suggested as a preliminary step in making a risk estimation for a mutagen.
Implementing international countertrade: A dyadic approach

Abstract This article discusses a comprehensive approach that industrial managers can use to identify and implement international countertrade deals. This model recognizes two key participants in the countertrade deal, firms (micro) and countries (macro). Their characteristics, motivations, policies, and strategies form the basis of the six step strategic approach discussed. This dyadic approach is derived from industrial organization and macroeconomic theories and represents a unique blend and application to countertrade.
SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY IN STEROID SIDE-CHAIN DEGRADATION BY MICROORGANISMS.

Abstract Two side-chain cleavage organisms, Penicillium citrinum and Cylindrocarpon radicicola appear to have significant differences in substrate specificity. P. citrium was incapable of cleaving the side chain of 17α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (1). Instead, I was transformed into three hydroxyl derivatives; two of which have been characterized as 12β,17α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and 15β,17α-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. On the other hand, C. radicicola cleaved the side chain of pregna-4,16-diene-3,20-dione and I with the eventual formation of 17α-oxa-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione as the end product. 17α-Methyl-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and 17β-acetyl-amino-androst-4-ene-3-one were only converted to their 1-dehydro analogs.
The Smile Index: Symbolizing People and Place in Colorado's Casino Gaming Towns

Abstract Community newspapers often play active roles in tourism development processes, and their published texts and photographs can also symbolize changes in the vitality of a people and place over time. This study asks about patterns in publication of newspaper photographs during two decades of a rural community tourism development, and about symbolic meanings of the photographic images. Photographs published on the front page of the Gilpin County, Colorado, Weekly Register-Call newspaper were evaluated to assess portrayals of the community during 22 years of a casino gaming development. Data show an overall reduction in the total numbers of pictures, people pictures and smile pictures over time, as well as a decrease in the numbers of photographs of community social events and an increase in numbers of photographs showing local government activities. Semiotic analysis of the photographs suggests a pattern of increasing seriousness and professionalization over time, and increased blurring between the g...
The fine structure of the developing follicle of the rhesus ovary

In young follicles of the rhesus monkey ovary the oocyte is in direct contact with a single layer of follicle cells, which may be as little as 0.05 μ in thickness, and which in turn is enclosed by a basement membrane. As the follicle develops, the follicle cells proliferate and the zona pellucida forms between them and the oocyte. The zona pellucida has a dual structure, being homogeneous adjacent to the oocyte, but containing a flocculent, electron dense material adjacent to the follicle cells. Microvilli project from the surface of the oocyte, and cytoplasmic processes from the follicle cells penetrate the zona pellucida to terminate at desmosomes on the surface of the oocyte. Occasionally follicle cell processes penetrate deeply into the cortex of the oocyte. The mitochondria of the oocyte are found to exist in two interconnected forms—a filamentous type with numerous transverse cristae, and a larger round type with few or no cristae. Numerous Golgi bodies are found arranged peripherally in the oocyte just below the cell membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum consists of scattered smooth vesicles. After the formation of the zona pellucida, structures designated as cortical granules appear beneath the oolemma. The cytoplasm of the follicle cells contains centrioles and well developed Golgi bodies. These observations are discussed in relation to the ovaries of other mammals.
Cerebral arteriovenous fistulas andcongenital heart disease

A case of cerebral arteriovenous fistulas with congenital heart disease is presented.Cerebral arteriogram confirmed the presence of the arteriovenous malformation which drained into the vein of Galen. The patient did not improve after the surgical obliteration of the major cerebral arteriovenous fistulas. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiographic studies revealed the presence of an interatrial septal defect and an anomalous venous connection. Surgical repair of these cardiac malformations was carried out but the patient died during the immediate postoperative period. The case suggests that in a patient with cerebral arteriovenous malformations, one should suspect the presence of an associated cardiac malformation especially if there is no improvement in the cardiovascular status of the patient after successful obliteration of the fistulas.
Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs

Camera Indica: The Social Life of Indian Photographs. Christopher Pinney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. 240 pp., glossary, references, bibliography, illustrations, index.
Experiences with tracking the effects of changing requirements on Morphbank: a web-based bioinformatics application

In this paper, we present a case study of applying the metrics Mutation Index, Component Set, Dependency Index [1] on Morphbank- a web based bioinformatics application - to track the effects of changing requirements on a software system and suggest design modifications to mitigate such impact. Morphbank is "an open web repository of biological images documenting specimen-based research in comparative anatomy, morphological phylogenetics, taxonomy and related fields focused on increasing our knowledge about biodiversity" [2]. This paper discusses the context of the case study, analyzes the results, highlights observations and learning, and mentions directions of future work.
An Incandescent Tungsten Source for Infrared Spectroscopy

The carbon arc furnishes the brightest source of infrared readily obtainable, but the interfering absorption spectra of atmospheric CO2 and H2O are difficult to avoid when using it. An infrared source is described consisting of a tungsten ribbon formed in the shape of a cavity, and heated electrically to 2900°K, in an inert atmosphere. The power required is 390 watts. Such a source furnishes a signal two to four times that of the conventional Globar over the rocksalt spectral region. While only about half as bright as the carbon arc, it can be used with an optical path free of atmospheric absorption.
Molecular dynamics of discontinuous Lennard-Jonesium and water

Abstract Results on the molecular dynamics simulation of water and Lennard-Jones fluid interacting with discontinuous intermolecular potentials are presented. The method is explained and the results are compared with their continuous molecular dynamics counterpart. Examples of radial distribution functions, pressure, energy, self-diffusion coefficients and velocity autocorrelation functions are given for both systems. The Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential is used for Lennard-Jonesium and the revised central force model is employed for water. Computed times for the discontinuous potentials turn out to be longer than those for the corresponding continuous potentials.
Experience-independent development of dendritic organization in the avian nucleus laminaris.

The third-order auditory neurons of the avian nucleus laminaris (NL) have distinct dorsal and ventral dendritic tufts that receive their predominant synaptic input from, respectively, the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear nucleus. Beginning about embryonic day (E) 14 in the chick and continuing for some weeks after hatching, NL neurons undergo a complex series of morphological transformations that result in the formation of a steep anteromedial-to-posterolateral gradient of increasing total dendritic length across the nucleus. This gradient perfectly parallels the tonotopic axis of NL. It has been proposed that acoustically evoked activity in the auditory pathway contributes importantly to formation of the gradient of dendritic length in NL and to several other features of dendritic development. The present experiment tested this hypothesis by surgically removing both otocysts (embryonic precursors of the inner ear) and studying the developing NL in the absence of peripheral input. The results of a quantitative study of Golgi-impregnated material show that at E17 both the steepness and predictability of the spatial gradient of dendritic length in operated animals are indistinguishable from normal. Similarly, the correlation of dorsal and ventral dendritic lengths on individual cells in operated animals is not significantly different from normal. The absolute length of both dendritic fields is reduced below normal, although only dorsal dendrites show a statistically reliable (14%) decrease. This is a significantly smaller effect than the 44% length reduction seen previously in animals with unilateral otocyst removal (T.N. Parks: J. Comp. Neurol. 202:47–57, '81); symmetrical afferent input appears more important to the regulation of NL dendritic length than the absolute level of this input. The only other significant effect of otocyst removal is to retard or prevent the alignment of the gradients of dorsal and ventral dendritic length that occurs normally between E15 and E17; the immature dorsal gradient has a much less prominent lateral-to-medial component than the ventral gradient at the same age. Thus, whereas the absolute size of NL dendrites depends upon a normal inner ear, most of the highly specialized dendritic organization of NL can develop normally in the complete absence of peripheral influences. The results suggest that each brainstem auditory nucleus is organized along an intrinsically determined axis that specifies how incoming auditory afferent axons will be organized into tonotopic arrays.
Distributed processing applied to ecological modeling

Abstract Ecological simulation models are widely used in ecology to help understand and predict the behavior of ecosystems. Many of the questions now being asked in ecology, such as the effects of climate change on ecosystems or the risks to ecosystems from contaminants, require extrapolation in both space and time and often require the collaboration of scientists from several fields of expertise. Models designed to help evaluate such questions are often composites of smaller, discipline-oriented models. Distributed processing techniques can be effectively used to simplify the process of linking two or more models together or of linking models to GIS and data base systems. The linked processes can then be run concurrently on a single computer, or communicate with each other across networks. The most important benefit of applying distributed processing to simulation models is likely to be the facilitation of collaboration among scientists.
Comparative study of brain morphology in Mecp2 mutant mouse models of Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. While patients with RTT show widespread changes in brain function, relatively few studies document changes in brain structure and none examine in detail whether mutations causing more severe clinical phenotypes are linked to more marked changes in brain structure. To study the influence of MeCP2-deficiency on the morphology of brain areas and axonal bundles, we carried out an extensive morphometric study of two Mecp2-mutant mouse models (Mecp2B and Mecp2J) of RTT. Compared to wildtype littermates, striking changes included reduced brain weight ( approximately 13% and approximately 9%) and the volumes of cortex ( approximately 11% and approximately 7%), hippocampus (both by approximately 8%), and cerebellum ( approximately 12% and 8%) in both mutant mice. At 3 weeks of age, most (24 of 47) morphological parameters were significantly altered in Mecp2B mice; fewer (18) were abnormal in Mecp2J mice. In Mecp2B mice, significantly lower values for cortical area were distributed along the rostrocaudal axis, and there was a reduced length of the olfactory bulb ( approximately 10%) and periaqueductal gray matter ( approximately 16%). In Mecp2J mice, while there was significant reduction in rostrocaudal length of cortex, this parameter was also abnormal in hippocampus ( approximately 10%), periaqueductal gray matter ( approximately 13%), fimbria ( approximately 18%), and anterior commissure ( approximately 10%). Our findings define patterns of Mecp2 mutation-induced changes in brain structure that are widespread and show that while some changes are present in both mutants, others are not. These observations provide the underpinning for studies to further define microarchitectural and physiological consequences of MECP2 deficiency.