cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of primary family therapy supervisory techniques : a critical incident analysis

This study surveyed a randomly selected group of Approved Supervisors of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (n=275) and their supervisees (n=266) on their perceptions of the primary supervisory technique used in supervisory incidents that had a positive effect on supervisee development. Individual case consultation was the technique most often identified by both supervisors and supervisees.
Dynamic analysis of flexible multi-body systems using mixed modal and tangent coordinates

Abstract This paper presents a mixed modal and tangent coordinate technique for computer aided analysis of flexible mechanical systems whose components undergo large translations and large rotations. In this model the configuration of a flexible component is identified by using two sets of generalized coordinates, namely rigid body and elastic coordinates. The rigid body coordinates define the location and orientation of a body axis, whereas the elastic coordinates define the displacement field of a component with respect to its body axis. The elastic coordinates are introduced by using finite element discretization to model flexible components with complex geometries. A modal analysis technique is used to identify the elastic mode shapes and to eliminate insignificant higher frequency modes. An orthonormalization of constraint Jacobian matrix associated with rigid body coordinates is used to identify the rigid body tangent coordinates. The resulting modal and tangent coordinates are used to develop an automated numerical integration scheme to solve the system differential and algebraic equations. Two numerical examples are considered to show the feasibility of dynamic analysis of flexible mechanical systems using this scheme.
A specific radioreceptor assay for leukotriene C4 and the measurement of calcium ionophore-induced leukotriene C4 production from human leukocytes.

Abstract A highly specific radioreceptor assay (RRA) for leukotriene (LT) C4 using BC3H-1 cell membrane as a source of LTC4 receptors was developed and demonstrated its use in the measurement of calcium ionophore A23187-induced LTC4 production from purified eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells. Unlabeled LTC4 competed for the specific [3H]LTC4 binding to the BC3H-1 cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the calculated IC50 value of unlabeled LTC4 was 27.2 ± 1.2 nM (n = 5). The sensitivity of the method for LTC4 was 0.6 pmol. The cross-reactivities of LTD4, LTE4, and FPL 55712 were negligible. The recovery of the exogenously added LTC4 with eosinophils was greater than 90% in both the presence and the absence of calcium ionophore A23187. Calcium ionophore induced 73.0 ± 17.0 ng of LTC4 production/106 eosinophils (n = 8), and this was about 20–40 times more than those from neutrophils and from mononuclear cells.
Kinetics and sensitivity of daunorubicin in patients with acute leukemia

Leukemia cells isolated from eight patients with acute leukemia before treatment were examined for in vitro uptake of daunorubicin (DNR) and inhibition of DNA synthesis. In addition, plasma and cellular levels of DNR and daunorubicinol (DOL) were examined in six of the eight patients. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was determined with a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. In vitro cellular 14C-DNR was quantified by means of liquid scintillation spectrometry, whereas in vivo DNR and DOL concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro intracellular plateau concentrations of DNR were achieved within 1–2 h after continuous exposure to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 ug/ml in the majority of cases. Based on our in vitro studies, a dose-response curve was found between increasing intracellular DNR and incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Peak intracellular levels of DNR after treatment occurred immediately after administration of the drug, whereas intracellular DOL levels accumulated over several hours. Plasma concentrations of DNR and DOL were not useful in estimating target tissue concentrations or inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Extrapolation of in vivo cellular DNR concentrations to the in vitro dose-response curve allows an estimate of DNR sensitivity.
Adjusting for information inflation due to local dependency in moderately large item clusters

When multiple items are clustered around a reading passage, the local independence assumption in item response theory is often violated. The amount of information contained in an item cluster is usually overestimated if violation of local independence is ignored and items are treated as locally independent when in fact they are not. In this article we provide a general method that adjusts for the inflation of information associated with a test containing item clusters. A computational scheme was presented for the evaluation of the factor of adjustment for clusters in the restrictive case of two items per cluster, and the general case of more than two items per cluster. The methodology was motivated by a study of the NAEP Reading Assessment. We present a simulated study along with an analysis of a NAEP data set.
Socioeconomic potential of carbon sequestration through agroforestry in the West African Sahel

The recognition of agroforestry as a greenhouse-gas mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) offers an opportunity to agroforestry practitioners to benefit from the global Carbon (C) credit market. Our knowledge on this important topic from the semiarid regions such as the West African Sahel (WAS) is, however, very limited. In order to fill this gap, this study was undertaken in the Segou region of Mali (annual temperature, 29°C; annual rainfall, 300–700 mm in 60 to 90 days), focusing on two improved agroforestry systems (live fence and fodder bank) along with traditional parkland agroforestry systems of the region. A cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the economic profitability and risks associated with the systems considering them as 25-year projects and their potential for participation in C credit market. The traditional systems had high C stock in their biomass and soil, but little potential for sequestering additional C; on the other hand, the improved systems had low C stock, but high sequestration potential. For the standard size live fence (291 m) and fodder bank (0.25 ha) projects, the estimated net present values (NPV) were $ 96.0 and $158.8 without C credit sale, and $109.9 and $179.3 with C sale, respectively. From the C sale perspective, live fence seemed less risky and more profitable than fodder bank. Carbon credit sale is likely to contribute to economic development of the subsistence farmers in the WAS.
Utilizing topic modeling techniques to identify the emergence and growth of research topics in engineering education

In this paper we present findings from a project that used topic modeling and associated techniques to chart the emergence and growth of research topics in engineering education research over 9 years, from 2000–2008. As a field engineering education research has undergone significant changes over the past decade. There has been an increase in the number of scholars and practitioners involved in the field, particularly those that are applying rigorous research principles to advance understanding of engineering education. In such a circumstance, it is important to understand the topics, approaches, and ideas that have caught the imagination of people in the community. Since this nature of work has not been done in relation to engineering education research, a significant part of the effort described here is innovative and exploratory in nature where different techniques were tested with the goal to collect a diversity of topics that are of interest to the community. We identify major categories of topics and primary topics of interest to the community. We also identify a lack of engagement with theoretical and analytical ideas as an area of concern.
Classification of Translational Fault Slip

A classification is proposed that permits emphasis of the relative importance of lateral-slip and dip-slip components by rank-ordering the adjectives pertaining to the components. For example, a fault with right reverse slip would have a major component of reverse slip and a minor component of right-lateral slip, while a fault with reverse right slip would have a major component of right-lateral slip and a minor component of reverse slip. Provisions are also made for designation of essentially pure dip slip, strike slip, and oblique slip.
Carbon monoxide tolerant platinum electrocatalysts on niobium doped titania and carbon nanotube composite supports

Abstract In the anode of electrochemical cells operating at low temperature, the hydrogen oxidation reaction is susceptible to poisoning from carbon monoxide (CO) which strongly adsorbs on platinum (Pt) catalysts and increases activation overpotential. Adsorbed CO is removed by oxidative processes such as electrochemical stripping, though cleaning can also cause corrosion. One approach to improve the tolerance of Pt is through alloying with less-noble metals, but the durability of alloyed electrocatalysts is a critical concern. Without sacrificing stability, tolerance can be improved by careful design of the support composition using metal oxides. The bifunctional mechanism is promoted at junctions of the catalyst and metal oxides used in the support. Stable metal oxides can also form strong interactions with catalysts, as is the case for platinum on titania (TiOx). In this study, niobium (Nb) serves as an electron donor dopant in titania. The transition metal oxides are joined to functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) supports in order to synthesize composite supports. Pt is then deposited to form electrocatalysts which are characterized before fabrication into anodes for tests as an electrochemical hydrogen pump. Comparisons are made between the control from Pt-CNT to Pt-TiOx-CNT and Pt-Ti0.9Nb0.1Ox-CNT in order to demonstrate advantages.
Enhanced antigen presentation and immunostimulation of dendritic cells using acid-degradable cationic nanoparticles

Acid-degradable cationic nanoparticles encapsulating a model antigen (i.e., ovalbumin) were prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization with acid-cleavable acetal cross-linkers. Incubation of these degradable nanoparticles with dendritic cells derived from bone marrow (BMDCs) resulted in the enhanced presentation of ovalbumin-derived peptides, as quantified by B3Z cells, a CD8+ T cell hybridoma. The cationic nature of the particles contributed to the increased surface endocytosis (or phagocytosis) observed with BMDCs, which is the first barrier to overcome for successful antigen delivery. The acid sensitivity of the particles served to direct more ovalbumin antigens to be processed into the appropriately trimmed peptide fragments and presented via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway following hydrolysis within the acidic lysosomes. It was also shown that adjuvant molecules such as unmethylated CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) and anti-interleukin-10 oligonucleotides (AS10 ODN) could be co-delivered with the protein antigen for maximized cellular immune response.
Epidemiology of hypertension

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in virtually all industrialised countries. The limited information available from developing countries suggests that a similar epidemic is inevitable if current trends go unchecked. Treatment of patients with clinical manifestations is an important element in overall management but on its own is an insufficient and incomplete response. Sudden death is often the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease and, even when treatment of disease is applicable and effective, it is usually palliative rather than curative. Thus treatment and prevention directed at the underlying risk factors, including high blood pressure, constitute a complementary and more fundamental approach to reducing the burden of illness. Epidemiological studies provide the scientific foundation for such an approach by identifying the distribution and determinants of high blood pressure in the general population, by establishing the role of high blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiorenal complications, and by quantifying the potential value of treating and preventing high blood pressure in the general population.
Gene expression in Bacillus subtilis surface biofilms with and without sporulation and the importance of yveR for biofilm maintenance.

Five independent DNA microarray experiments were used to study the gene expression profile of a 5-day Bacillus subtilis air-liquid interface biofilm relative to planktonic cells. Both wild-type B. subtilis and its sporula- tion mutant (spoIIGB::erm) were investigated to discern the important biofilm genes (in the presence and absence of sporulation). The microarray results indicated that suspen- sion cells were encountering anaerobic conditions, and the air-liquidinterfacebiofilmwasmetabolicallyactive.Forthe statistically significant differential expression (P < 0.05), there were 342 genes induced and 248 genes repressed in thewild-type biofilm, whereas371 geneswereinduced and 128 genes were repressed in the sporulation mutant biofilm. The microarray results were confirmed with RNA dot blotting. A small portion of cells (1.5%) in the wild-type biofilm formed spores and sporulation genes were highly expressed. In the biofilm formed by the sporulation mutant, competence genes (comGA, srfAA, srfAB, srfAD, and comS) were induced which indicate a role for quorum sensing (bacterial gene expression controlled by sensing their population) in biofilms. There were 53 genes consis- tently induced in the biofilms of both the wild-type strain and its spoIIGB mutant—those genes have functions for transport, metabolism, antibiotic production—and 26 genes with unknown functions. Besides the large number of genes with known functions induced in the biofilm (121 genes in the wild-type biofilm and 185 genes in the sporulation mutant biofilm), some genes with unknown functions were also induced (221 genes in the wild-type biofilm and 186 genes in the sporulation mutant biofilm), such as the yve operon which appears to be involved in polysaccharide synthesis and the ybc operon which inhibits the growth of competitors for nutrients. A knockout mutant of yveR was constructed, and the mutant showed major defects in biofilm maintenance. Both the wild-type strain anditssporulation mutantformednormalbiofilms,suggest- ing complete sporulation is not necessary for biofilm formation. The expression profiles of these two strains share more repressed genes than induced genes, suggest- ing that the biofilm cells repress similar pathways in response to starvation and high cell density. B 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration in the American Foreign-Exchange Market, 1791–1900

Integration in the American foreign-exchange market under the nineteenthcentury specie standard is examined using a newly developed series of the dollar- sterling exchange rate and estimates of specie-point spreads. A distinction is made between internal and external integration. The latter is much more important over the entire 1791 to 1900 time span, but by 1881–1900 the market is tightly integrated in both senses. The long-term trend of improved integration is interrupted only by wartime.
Gestational weight gain among US women who deliver twins, 2001-2006

Objective Current guidelines recommend a gestational weight gain of 35-45 pounds for a twin pregnancy, but actual levels of weight gain during pregnancy among US women delivering twins are currently unknown. Study Design We assessed gestational weight gain among 6345 US women who delivered twins from 2001 to 2006, using data collected from 28 states and New York City participating in a population-based surveillance system (PRAMS). Results Approximately one-third of mothers who delivered twins gained 45 pounds or more during pregnancy. Weight gains were higher among women with lower prepregnancy body mass indexes. The percentage of twins with a normal birthweight increased with increasing gestational weight gains, except among obese women with the highest level of gain (≥ 65 pounds). Conclusion A notable percentage of US women who deliver twins gain above the current guidelines. The benefits of high gestational weight gain during twin pregnancies need to be balanced against an increased risk of maternal weight retention and later obesity.
Linear estimation of moments for non-stationary signals

The behavior of linear estimation of moments in a non-stationary environment is analyzed. A quantitative performance measure is introduced to evaluate the performance of these estimators. Optimal estimators are derived and their performance is compared with that of conventional (exponentially-windowed) moment estimators. >
Separating the wheat from the chaff: does discriminating between diagnostic and nondiagnostic information eliminate the dilution effect?

The dilution effect refers to the finding that judgments are often unduly influenced by nondiagnostic information, producing regressive judgment. Because the dilution effect is a problem in various domains, strategies to control the impact of nondiagnostic information were explored by drawing on a perceptual and a conversational account of the dilution effect. Three experiments (n = 259) demonstrate that explicit instructions to discriminate between diagnostic and nondiagnostic information did not reduce the dilution effect. Rather, consistent with a perceptual explanation but not consistent with a conversational explanation, the dilution effect disappeared only when participants engage in perceptual control, that is, when they actively remove nondiagnostic pieces of information before making a judgment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental Enamel Defects in Primary Teeth in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation, or Hearing Defects: A Review:

Developmental enamel defects in primary teeth have been found at least twice as frequently in children with cerebral palsy or mental retardation as in control children, and frequently also in children with sensori-neural hearing deficits. The developing tooth germ is sensitive to a range of systemic disturbances, some of which may also affect neurologic development. Because the enamel cannot recover once it is damaged, it may provide a repository of information on the timing and nature of insults potentially affecting other ectodermally derived structures, including the brain. This paper reviews the literature on developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth, asking whether these might be useful as biological markers of the timing and in some cases the nature of insults. Among systemic factors related to development of enamel that might also have implications for neurologic development are certain genetic disorders including tuberous sclerosis, premature birth, neonatal nutritional disturbances (especially hypocalcemia), viral infections (such as rubella and cytomegalovirus during gestation), thyroid disorders, and maternal diabetes. It is concluded that further research is warranted concerning whether developmental defects of dental enamel can be useful markers for the timing of intra-uterine or perinatal events associated with certain neurologic and sensory disorders of children.
Report of the task force on residency training information (2003-2004), American Board of Emergency Medicine☆

The American Board of Emergency Medicine gathers extensive background information on emergency medicine residents and the programs in which they train. We present the seventh annual report on the status of US emergency medicine residency programs.
Modeling the Soret Effect in Dense Media Mixtures

A basic aim of this paper is to provide, as much as possible, a comprehensive and unambiguous description of the Soret effect in dense media. To this end, the available literature was examined for ...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF KINETIC MECHANISMS OF RECOMBINING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AIR PLASMAS

Results from experimental and numerical investigations of the mechanism of ionizational nonequilibrium in recombining plasmas of air, nitrogen/argon, and air/argon are presented. Measurements of electron and excited state concentrations in plasmas produced with a 50 kW RF torch operating at atmospheric pressure are compared with numerical simulations performed with three reaction mechanisms widely used for air plasma kinetics. It is shown that, as electron recombination in molecular plasmas occurs primarily through inherently fast two-body dissociative recombination, ionizational nonequilibrium is ultimately caused by slow three body neutral recombination. The rates of the controlling three-body neutral recombination reactions are assessed through a comparison between the predictions of the kinetic models and the measured nonequilibrium concentrations of electrons, of the A, C, and D states of NO, of the B and C state ofN2, and of the A state of OH.
Determining the level of complexity required to model transvenous defibrillation fields

The objective of this study is to determine the level of complexity needed to model transvenous defibrillation fields in the heart. A physiologically realistic 3D finite element model is constructed from 90 transverse magnetic resonance images of the human thorax. Two models are developed: 1) a realistic torso and 2) a spherical torso surrounding the great vessels and heart. The defibrillation threshold (DFT) is calculated based on a potential gradient of 5 V/cm throughout 95% of the ventricular myocardium during a shock. Comparison of the realistic and spherical models shows that the DFT is altered by 21%, 18%, and 8% for RV-SVC, RV-CAN, and RV-SVC/CAN electrode configurations, respectively. These results indicate that for configurations producing more uniform defibrillation fields between the electrodes (RV-SVC/CAN), the complexity of the model can be greatly reduced by excluding the tissue structures external to the heart. The significance of this study is that realistic representation of the human thorax is needed in order to accurately predict DFTs.
Identification of load pockets and market power in electric power systems

In this paper, we present a spectral method for the identification of load pockets and the application of practical techniques for the measurement of market power. Market power is a serious concern in electric energy markets, especially in the area of a load pocket. Common definitions for market power, which rely on a comparison between market prices and a so-called competitive price, are difficult to use in practice because the competitive price is not known when the market is not competitive. The competitive price cannot be computed from data naturally available to the market. Our technique focuses on the identification of participants with the ability to increase revenues by increasing prices, an ability not present in a competitive market. We then propose measures for quantifying the extent to which market power is being exercised. These measures can be computed from data available to the market; they are practical. We present results from a 30 bus, 6 generator system, which illustrates that generators in a load pocket have and can exploit joint market power.
Prenatal Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Early Initiation of Multiple Substance Use

Introduction: Earlier studies have shown a relation between prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (PCSE) and offspring initiation of tobacco use. No prior study has examined the association between PCSE and early initiation of multiple substances (EIMS) including marijuana and alcohol in addition to tobacco. We investigated the association between PCSE and multiple substance use during adolescence.
Mouse Prkar1a haploinsufficiency leads to an increase in tumors in the Trp53+/− or Rb1+/− backgrounds and chemically induced skin papillomas by dysregulation of the cell cycle and Wnt signaling

PRKAR1A inactivation leads to dysregulated cAMP signaling and Carney complex (CNC) in humans, a syndrome associated with skin, endocrine and other tumors. The CNC phenotype is not easily explained by the ubiquitous cAMP signaling defect; furthermore, Prkar1a(+/-) mice did not develop skin and other CNC tumors. To identify whether a Prkar1a defect is truly a generic but weak tumorigenic signal that depends on tissue-specific or other factors, we investigated Prkar1a(+/-) mice when bred within the Rb1(+/-) or Trp53(+/-) backgrounds, or treated with a two-step skin carcinogenesis protocol. Prkar1a(+/-) Trp53(+/-) mice developed more sarcomas than Trp53(+/-) mice (P < 0.05) and Prkar1a(+/-) Rb1(+/-) mice grew more (and larger) pituitary and thyroid tumors than Rb1(+/-) mice. All mice with double heterozygosity had significantly reduced life-spans compared with their single-heterozygous counterparts. Prkar1a(+/-) mice also developed more papillomas than wild-type animals. A whole-genome transcriptome profiling of tumors produced by all three models identified Wnt signaling as the main pathway activated by abnormal cAMP signaling, along with cell cycle abnormalities; all changes were confirmed by qRT-PCR array and immunohistochemistry. siRNA down-regulation of Ctnnb1, E2f1 or Cdk4 inhibited proliferation of human adrenal cells bearing a PRKAR1A-inactivating mutation and Prkar1a(+/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and arrested both cell lines at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In conclusion, Prkar1a haploinsufficiency is a relatively weak tumorigenic signal that can act synergistically with other tumor suppressor gene defects or chemicals to induce tumors, mostly through Wnt-signaling activation and cell cycle dysregulation, consistent with studies in human neoplasms carrying PRKAR1A defects.
Positive Evidence against Human Hippocampal Involvement in Working Memory Maintenance of Familiar Stimuli

Subjects (n 5 40) performed a delayed item recognition task for visually presented letters with three set sizes (1, 3 or 6 letters). Accuracy was close to ceiling at all set sizes, so we took set size as a proxy for WM load (i.e. the amount of information being maintained in WM). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal associated with the delay period increased in a nearly linear fashion with WM load in the left inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula (possibly Broca’s area, BA 44/45), right anterior insula, bilateral caudate, bilateral precentral gyrus (BA 6), bilateral middle frontal gyrus (BA 9/46), bilateral inferior parietal lobule (with foci in both BA 39 and 40), left superior parietal lobule (BA 7), medial frontal gyrus (BA 6), anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 32) and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (BA 8). These results lend support to the idea that at least some of the cortical mechanisms of WM maintenance, potentially rehearsal, exhibit a scaling with WM load. In contrast, the delay-related fMRI signal in hippocampus followed an inverted U-shape, being greatest during the intermediate level of WM load, with relatively lower values at the lowest and highest levels of WM load. This pattern of delay-related fMRI activity, orthogonal to WM load, is seemingly not consonant with a role for hippocampus in WM maintenance of phonologically codable stimuli. This finding could possibly be related more to the general familiarity of the letter stimuli than their phonological codability per se.
A novel CMOS magnetic field sensor array

A CMOS magnetic field sensor array that can be implemented along with analog and digital signal processing circuitry in the form of a single integrated circuit for instrumentation or measurement is discussed. The design realizes a single sensor device through interconnection of a few n-channel magnetic-field-sensitive MOSFETs (MAGFETs) in one circuit. The experimental measurements suggest that the interconnection, which forms a parallel tree structure, provides a higher relative sensitivity compared to that of the genealogical tree structure reported previously. The parallel structure eliminates the additional power supply and body effects and takes less integration area. The relative sensitivity of the CMOS sensor device with an array of five split-drain MAGFETs is 77 mA/A/T. >
Identifying critical needs for student success in online learning

As a first step in developing a resource system for students enrolled in graduate education courses at George Fox University, School of Education personnel surveyed students regarding their competence and perceived importance of a number of skills determined to be important for success in online learning. A review of the literature revealed a number of needed skills and characteristics. A web-based questionnaire was employed for data collection. Critical needs were determined by comparing the areas of low initial competence with those skills perceived by the students to be of high importance. Areas of critical need included skills in accessing Internet sites and browser usage, research activities and competence, and communication skills for online learning. Faculty members intend to use the findings to prioritize the selection of elements to be included in a student resource system.
Heat shock protein-70 mediates the cytoprotective effect of carbon monoxide: involvement of p38β MAPK and heat shock factor-1

Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase activity, exerts antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory effects of CO involve the inhibition of TNF-alpha expression and the enhancement of IL-10 production, resulting in reduced mortality after endotoxin challenge. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that the protective effects of CO involve the increased expression of the 70-kDa inducible heat shock protein (Hsp70) in murine lung endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The p38beta MAPK mediated the effects of CO on cytoprotection and Hsp70 regulation. Suppression of Hsp70 expression and/or genetic deletion of heat shock factor-1, the principle transcriptional regulator of Hsp70, attenuated the cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of CO in mouse lung cells and in vivo. These data provide a novel mechanism for the protective effects of CO and underscore a potential application of this gaseous molecule in anti-inflammatory therapies.
Evolution of wireless information networks

Consumer and business demands for cellular mobile telephones and residential cordless phones are growing rapidly throughout the world. Both are relatively new and still function with their original, first generation technologies. In response to various pressures second generation systems and services are scheduled for introduction over the next three years. Meanwhile researches are formulating a vision of the third generation, when cordless, cellular, and other wireless networks will merge in a unified means of wireless access to advanced information services. This paper traces the evolution of wireless information networks by examining goals, network architecture, transmission technologies, and control channels. In each instance, we describe, in a general way, first generation systems. We then discuss details of four different second generation systems: Pan-European Digital Cellular (GSM), North American Digital Cellular (IS-54), Second Generation Cordless Telecommunications (CT2), and Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). Finally, we provide a glimpse into the future by presenting work in progress on third generation technology, based on packet transmission and switching.
Unrecognized Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Treatment Barrier for a Gang-Involved Juvenile Offender

This study examines the case of GH, an 18-year-old Latino male participating in an employment-based delinquency intervention for gang-affiliated youth. Although postintervention measures revealed that GH showed gains on key outcomes (i.e., delinquency, employment), he experienced sporadic treatment setbacks (e.g., work absenteeism, fighting) that disrupted his progress. A comprehensive psychological assessment suggested that his aggressive, illegal behavior and difficulty maintaining employment could have been influenced by previously undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Excerpts from counseling sessions illustrated how reactive aggression, hypervigilance, sleep disruptions, and emotional numbing could have interfered with treatment gains and ultimately contributed to GH's re-arrest. Implications for early, accurate identification of PTSD in delinquency interventions for gang youth are discussed.
Influence of Diet and Methyl Eugenol on the Mating Success of Males of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The chief objective of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of protein in the adult diet influences male mating success in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Previous studies on this species have shown that ingestion of methyl eugenol (ME) greatly enhances male mating performance. Accordingly, we also examined the interaction between adult diet and ME and investigated whether this chemical boosts the male mating success independent of diet. In trials conducted in field tents, we compared the mating frequency of control, protein-fed males (no ME) versus males (1) deprived of protein during the entire adult life, the pre-maturation period, or the post-maturation period and (2) not provided ME or provided ME 1 day before testing. Males deprived of protein completely or when immature (1-12 days old) obtained very few matings ( 12 days old; no ME) also were competitively inferior to control males but achieved a significantly higher proportion (37%) of total matings than males in the preceding treatments. ME exposure boosted the mating success of these males slightly (40% of total matings) such that their mating frequency was not significantly different from control males. Additional tests showed that for treated males fed protein their entire adult life short-term (30 h) food deprivation resulted in a significant decrease in mating success, and feeding on ME did not boost the mating frequency of the food-deprived males. The implications of our findings for controlling B. dorsalis via sterile male releases are discussed.
The Dombrock blood group system: a review

The Dombrock blood group system (Do) consists of two antithetical antigens (Do(a) and Do(b)) and five antigens of high prevalence (Gy(a), Hy, Jo(a), DOYA, and DOMR). Do antigens are carried on the Dombrock glycoprotein, which is attached to the RBC membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. The gene (DO, ART4) encoding the Do glycoprotein, located on the short arm of chromosome 12, has been cloned and sequenced, allowing the molecular basis of the various Do phenotypes to be determined. Do(a) and Do(b) have a prevalence that makes them useful as genetic markers; however, the paucity of reliable anti-Do(a) and anti-Do(b) has prevented this potential from being realized. The ease with which these antigens can be predicted by analysis of DNA opens the door for such studies to be carried out. Anti-Do(a) and anti-Do(b) are rarely found as a single specificity, but they have been implicated in causing hemolytic transfusion reactions. This review is a synthesis of our current knowledge of he Dombrock blood group system.
Potential Heavy Metal Water Remediation Using 5-Formylfuran-2-Sulfonic Acid Thiosemicarbazone Chelating Resins

Strong anion exchange resins were separately loaded with three new 5-formylfuran-2-sulfonic acid thiosemicarbazone ligands and tested to determine if they could be utilized for heavy-metal water remediation. The ligands were tested for microbial activity using MIC tests, and were found to be inactive even at high concentrations. Resins used in the study were loaded with one percent by weight of each ligand, and then were exposed to Co-57, Ni-63, or Cd-109, using batch techniques at various environmental pH levels at different time intervals. The adsorption values of the metals to the resin beads were calculated as dry-weight distribution (Dw) values.
Relation Extraction: Perspective from Convolutional Neural Networks

Up to now, relation extraction systems have made extensive use of features generated by linguistic analysis modules. Errors in these features lead to errors of relation detection and classification. In this work, we depart from these traditional approaches with complicated feature engineering by introducing a convolutional neural network for relation extraction that automatically learns features from sentences and minimizes the dependence on external toolkits and resources. Our model takes advantages of multiple window sizes for filters and pre-trained word embeddings as an initializer on a non-static architecture to improve the performance. We emphasize the relation extraction problem with an unbalanced corpus. The experimental results show that our system significantly outperforms not only the best baseline systems for relation extraction but also the state-of-the-art systems for relation classification.
Structural MRI Predictors of Late-Life Cognition Differ Across African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites.

Background. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides key biomarkers to predict onset and track progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, most published reports of relationships between MRI variables and cognition in older adults include racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically homogenous samples. Racial/ethnic differences in MRI variables and cognitive performance, as well as health, socioeconomic status and psychological factors, raise the possibility that brain-behavior relationships may be stronger or weaker in different groups. The current study tested whether MRI predictors of cognition differ in African Americans and Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic Whites.Methods. Participants were 638 non-demented older adults (29% non-Hispanic White, 36% African American, 35% Hispanic) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Composite scores of memory, language, speed/executive functioning, and visuospatial function were derived from a neuropsychological battery. Hippocampal volume, regional cortical thickness, infarcts, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes were quantified with FreeSurfer and in-house developed procedures. Multiple-group regression analysis, in which each cognitive composite score was regressed onto MRI variables, demographics, and cardiovascular health, tested which paths differed across groups. Results. Larger WMH volume was associated with worse language and speed/executive functioning among African Americans, but not among non-Hispanic Whites. Larger hippocampal volume was more strongly associated with better memory among non-Hispanic Whites compared with Hispanics. Cortical thickness and infarcts were similarly associated with cognition across groups.Conclusion. The main finding of this study was that certain MRI predictors of cognition differed across racial/ethnic groups. These results highlight the critical need for more diverse samples in the study of cognitive aging, as the type and relation of neurobiological substrates of cognitive functioning may be different for different groups.
Remapping socio-cultural specificity in the American remake of The Bridge

It is often assumed that the remake of a foreign film is inferior to the original because of tangible obstacles to transnational retrofitting, two notable impediments being resistant cultural narratives and the stylistic tendencies associated with a given culture's idiosyncratic visual exploration of those narratives. In contrast with film remakes, what relative narrative parity between original and remake can be sustained for two hours becomes difficult to sustain for the 10 to 13 episodes of a television series, even more so when the social, cultural and historical character of the transposed landscape is rich and complex. This remapping will redraw the narrative lines of the original, necessitating a gradual shift in focus and guaranteeing the remake, when it is successful, creative independence. The substituted geographical and cultural specificity resists the template of the original, imposing its own logic such that the narrative has to evolve against the source series' grain. One such series is The...
The coded schoolhouse: tablet computers and public education

Using a South Los Angeles charter school of approximately 500 students operated by a non-profit charter management organization (CMO) as the primary field site, this two-year, ethnographic dissertation project examines the implementation of a one-to-one tablet computer program in a public high school. This poster examines the variety of ways that information and communication technology (ICT) functions in everyday life within the institution --- including classroom instruction, school discipline, and evaluation --- through qualitative methods, primarily class observations, photographs, and interviews with teachers, students, and administrators as the program evolved over two consecutive school years. This project contributes needed empirical context to questions of technological innovation in public education, providing the first-ever multi-year study of a one-to-one tablet computer program in a California public school.
The Provenience and Contents of the Porfirio Diaz and Fernandez Leal Codices: Some New Data and Analysis

1963 A preceramic settlement on the Central Coast of Peru: Asia, Unit I. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 53, Part 3. Philadelphia. 1964 El preceramico sin algodon en la costa del Periu. Actas y Memorias del XXXV Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 3:141-152. 1970 Las lomas de Iguanil y el complejo de Haldas. Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina, Lima. Ishida, Eiichiro (Editor) 1960 Andes I: report of the Tokyo University Scientific Expedition to the Andes in 1958. Bijutsushuppansha, Tokyo. Izumi, Seiichi, and Toshihiko Sono (Editors) 1963 Andes II: excavation at Kotosh, Peru, 1960. Kadokawa, Tokyo. Izumi, Seiichi, and Kazuo Terada (Editors) 1972 Andes IV: excavations at Kotosh, Peru, 1963 and 1966. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo. Jung, Rosa 1969a Las Aldas: su ubicacion dentro del proceso historico del Peru antiguo. Dedalo 5:(9-10). 1969b Loz anzuelos de concha de las Aldas: un analisis comparativo. Boletin del Seminario de Arqueologia 4:29-47. Instituto Riva-Agiiero, Lima. Lanning, Edward P. 1963 A pre-agricultural occupation on the Central Coast of Peru. American Antiquity 28:360-371. 1967 Peru before the Incas. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Lumbreras, Luis G. 1971 Towards a re-evaluation of Chavin. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, edited by E.P. Benson, pp. 1-28. Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D.C. Moseley, M.E. 1975 The maritime foundations of Andean civilization. Cummings, Menlo Park, California. Schweigger, Erwin 1964 El litoral peruano. Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima. Tello, Julio C. 1956 Arqueologia del valle de Casma, culturas: Chavin Santa o Huaylas Yunga y sub-Chimu. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima. 1960 La cultura matriz de civilizacion andina, primera parte. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima. Terada, Kazuo 1967 Development of ancient cultures on the central Andean coast. Latin American Kenkyu (Latin American Research) 8:101-118. Tokyo. Willey, Gordon R. 1971 An introduction to American archaeology, Volume 2: South America. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
P040 Direct and cooperative activation of human mast cells by IL-33 and IgE

Introduction Mast cells mediate allergic responses predominantly by recognizing IgE-bound antigens however they are also activated by endogenous factors. IL-33 is an IL-1-related cytokine expressed abundantly within mucosal tissues that are in close contact with resident mast cells. IL-33 has been shown by us and other groups to act directly on mast cells through its receptor ST2. In this study, we further characterized how IL-33 activates mast cells directly and how it acts synergistically with IgE to modify a variety of allergic cell responses. Methods Mast cells were obtained from differentiated human blood precursors. ST2 expression was measured by flow cytometry and real time PCR. Cytokines, chemokines and histamine was measured using standard assays. Gene expression was also evaluated by microarray hybridization. Results ST2 was expressed on both mouse and human mast cells but can only be demonstrated easily by flow cytometry on mouse mast cells. IL-33 was able to directly induce the release of several cytokines, including IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and GM-CSF and also synergistically enhanced cytokine and chemokine release induced by IgE receptor activation. Moreover, in the presence of IL-33, a larger fraction of cultured mast cells exhibited a degranulation phenotype and released three times the amount of histamine as that induced by IgE activation alone. Finally, we used microarray analysis to further characterize the gene expression profile of human mast cells activated in different ways, including by IgE signaling or IL-33 signaling. Conclusion These results add to previous findings that IL-33 can activate a variety of mast cell responses, either in the presence or absence of allergen. IL-33 may thus represent an endogenous activating signal from adjacent tissue cells to amplify and modify mast cell responses.
Notes on American Mosquito Pupae II. The Aedes (Ochlerotatus) Punctor Subgroup, with Key to Known Nearctic Aedes Pupae (Diptera, Culicidae)

In 1951, Knight published a study on the punctor subgroup of Edward's (1932) Group G of the subgenus Ochlerotatus. He presented evidence for the existence of five species in this complex; namely, punctor (Kirby), hexodontus Dyar, aboriginis Dyar, punctodes Dyar and abserratus (Felt and Young) (= implacabilis (Walker)). The positive identification of all of these members is possible only by larval characters, although adult morphology is helpful in many instances.
A review of intranasal chiggers with descriptions of twelve species from East New Guinea (Acarina, Trombiculidae).

Eighty-six species of intranasal chiggers in 16 genera are known to date. They occur on a variety of hosts—birds, reptiles, marsupials, bats, rodents and other small terrestrial mammals. A list of intranasal species with type host and locality is given. Twelve species in 2 genera are reported from New Guinea. Gahrliepia ( Walchia ) morobensis (Gunther) is established as an intranasal species for the first time. The remaining 11 new species in 2 genera, Gahrliepia ( Walchia ) and Ascoschoengastia ( Laurentella ), arc described and illustrated. The new species are: G. ( W. ) traubaudyi, A. ( L. ) indigella, A. ( L. ) melanesiana, A. ( L. ) modica, A. ( L. ) goilala, A. ( L. ) lorentzimys, A. ( L. ) libbymannae, A. ( L. ) accola, A. ( L. ) improcera, A. ( L. ) metatarsalis , and A. ( L. ) elongotarsala . Because of the distinctive niche that these species occupy in the host, it is postulated that the post-larval stages and unfed larvae are strictly nidicolous, e.g., subterranean nests of the hosts. A key to the New Guinea species, notes on biology, host and altitudinal distribution of nasal chiggers arc offered.
Equilibrium Radiative Heating from 9.5 to 15.5 km/s for Earth Atmospheric Entry

This paper presents an overview of the analysis and measurements of equilibrium radiation obtained in NASA Ames Research Center’s Electric Arc Shock Tube facility as a part of recent testing aimed at reaching shock velocities up to 15.5 km/s. The goal of these experiments was to measure the level of radiation encountered during high-speed Earth entry conditions, such as would be relevant for an asteroid, interplanetary, or lunar return mission. These experiments provided the first spectrally and spatially resolved data for high-speed Earth entry and cover conditions ranging from 9.5 to 15.5 km/s at 13.3 and 26.6 Pa (0.1 and 0.2 torr). The present analysis endeavors to provide a detailed comparison of shock tube radiation measurements and simulations at high-speed conditions. A comprehensive comparison between the spectrally resolved absolute equilibrium radiance measured in the Electric Arc Shock Tube facility and NASA’s predictive tools is presented. To provide a more accurate representation of the agr...