cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF THE ALKALI METALS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Measurements of the thermal and electrical conductivities of very pure lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium have been made down to temperatures as low as 2°K. The respective resistivities, W and ρ , may be written as the sum of an impurity resistance ( W 0 , ρ 0 ) and a so-called ‘ideal’ component ( W i , ρ i ) due to scattering by the thermal vibrations of the lattice. The terms in the thermal resistivity may be represented by W 0 = A / T and W 1 = B T n f o r T ≤ θ / 10 , where n ≃ 2 and A = ( ρ 0 /2⋅45) x 10 8 cm deg. 2 W -1 . Current theory predicts thatt he quantity C ≡ Bθ 2 / W ∞ N ⅔ should be constant, where N is the number of free electrons per atom and W is the measured high-temperature resistivity. Taking N = 1, the present experiments yield C ≃ 18 ± 4. The electrical resistance may be written ρ = ρ 0 + β T m f o r T θ / 10 with m ≃ 5 except for sodium, where, below 8°K , m is found to increase to 6. The theoretical relationships which exist between the low-temperature ‘ideal’ resistivities and those at higher temperatures are discussed in conjunction with the measured values. It is concluded that with the existing theories, no common adjustment of θ can give satisfactory agreement of theory with experiment. A new simple semi-empirical expression is put forward for W i which provides rather good agreement with experiment.
Characterization and quantitation of mRNA for the inhibin α-subunit in the granulosa layer of the domestic hen

The role of inhibin in the regulation of follicular development in nonmammalian vertebrates is not well understood. We have used a porcine cDNA probe for the alpha-subunit of inhibin to characterize and quantitate the mRNA for the inhibin alpha-subunit in the granulosa layer of the domestic hen. In Experiment 1, RNA was prepared from the large preovulatory follicles and Northern analysis showed a single main band of hybridization between the porcine inhibin alpha-subunit probe and hen granulosa mRNA at approximately 1700 bp. Slot blot analysis was used in Experiment 2 to quantitate the mRNA for the inhibin alpha-subunit in the granulosa layers of the largest (F1) to fourth largest (F4) follicles. A significant dose-response relationship was established for increasing doses of RNA but no difference in amount of mRNA for the inhibin alpha-subunit was found among these four follicle sizes. Finally, in Experiment 3, inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA in the granulosa layer of F1-F4 follicles removed 6-8 hr after ovulation was quantitated by slot blot analysis. Similar to Experiment 2, a significant linear dose relationship was established for increasing doses of RNA but no difference in concentration of inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA among follicles was observed. Our results indicate that the porcine cDNA probe for the alpha-subunit of inhibin detects chicken mRNA at a size comparable to that reported for mammalian species. In addition, no difference in concentration of mRNA for the inhibin alpha-subunit was detected among the largest preovulatory follicles.
Changes in Left Ventricular Function after Radiation Therapy and Trastuzumab: Analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trial N9831

Results: At 2‐4 months after RT, the percentage of patients with . = 5% absolute decline from prior to RT in LVEF for left- vs. right-sidedRTwas22/94(23%)vs.30/119(25%)(p=0.76)inarmA,26/97(27%)vs.40/112(36%)(p=0.17)inarmB,and16/74 (22%) vs. 20/80 (25%) (p = 0.62) in arm C. Only 11/576 (2%) of patients had . = 15% absolute decline at this time point (2 leftsided arm A; 5 left- and 4 right-sided arm B). At 10‐14 months after RT, the percentage of patients with . = 5% absolute decline from prior toRT inLVEFfor left- vs.right-sided RTwas17/84 (20%)vs.22/106(21%)(p= 0.93)inarm A, 20/51(39%) vs.15/46 (33%) (p = 0.50) in arm B, and 21/75 (28%) vs. 18/77 (23%) (p = 0.51) in arm C. Only 12/439 (3%) of patients had . = 15% absolute decline at this time point (2 left- and 3 right-sided arm A; 1 left- and 1 right-sided arm B; 3 left- and 2 right-sided arm C). Conclusions: Administration of adjuvant RT with H in early-stage breast cancer patients is not associated with a significant difference in LVEF change between patients receiving left- vs. right-sided RT. The same was observed in the arm without H. Further follow-up is warranted to assess longer-term effects of H and RT.
THz response of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices: from classical to quantum dynamics

Abstract We have investigated the THz response of a series of GaAs/Al x Ga 1- x As superlattices with a variety of miniband widths. The samples range from the sequential resonant tunneling limit with a very narrow miniband to superlattices with a miniband width of 20 meV. The sequential tunneling superlattices show a transition from classical rectification at frequencies below 600 GHz to quantum response above 1 THz. In the quantum regime, the I– Vs show distinct peaks due to absorption and stimulated emission of up to seven THz-photons. At high a.c. field strengths (several kV cm -1 ) the photon-assisted channels dominate the transport, leading to dynamic localization, absolute negative conductance, and gain just below the Stark splitting of the quantum well ground-states. The transition from classical to quantum behavior takes place at a frequency where ħ ο∼Γ, where Γ≈2 meV is the ground-state level width in a single quantum well.
Establishment and redistribution of Longitarsus flavicornis (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) in Tasmania

Ragwort flea beetle, Longitarsus flavicornis (Stephens), was first released as a biological control agent for ragwort in Tasmania in 1979. Field surveys to the end of February 1999 showed that it is now dispersed over all land known to be infested by ragwort in southern Tasmania, and over about 90% of the major infestations in the north. A redistribution program has been undertaken to accelerate spread of L. flavicornis by transferring field collected adults from established field sites during summer and autumn. Since 1986, almost 2 million adults have been distributed to 879 sites, with over 80% of transfers taking place between 1993 and 1999. A minimum of 1000 adults released/site resulted in establishment at 90% of the sites. Although large (> 90%) reductions in ragwort densities have been recorded, we suspect that prevailing site conditions such as flooding and incompatible management practices such as use of boom-sprayed herbicides, are restricting efficacy of L. flavicornis on many properties. Attempts to address this problem are now being made through use of integrated control strategies and establishment of complementary biological control agents.
The stress state near Spanish Peaks, colorado determined from a dike pattern

The radial pattern of syenite and syenodiorite dikes of the Spanish Peaks region is analysed using theories of elasticity and dike emplacement. The three basic components of Ode's model for the dike pattern (a pressurized, circular hole; a rigid, planar boundary; and uniform regional stresses) are adopted, but modified to free the regional stresses from the constraint of being orthogonal to the rigid boundary. Dike areal density, the White Peaks intrusion, the strike of the upturned Mesozoic strata, and the contact between these strata and the intensely folded and faulted Paleozoic rocks are used to brient the rigid boundary along a north-south line. The line of dike terminations locates the rigid boundary about 8 km west of West Peak. The location of a circular plug, Goemmer Butte, is chosen as a point of isotropic stress. A map correlating the location of isotropic stress points with regional stress parameters is derived from the theory and used to determine a regional stress orientation (N82E) and a normalized stress magnitude. The stress trajectory map constructed using these parameters mimics the dike pattern exceptionally well. The model indicates that the regional principal stress difference was less than 0.05 times the driving pressure in the West Peak intrusion. The regional stress difference probably did not exced 5 MN/m2.
Radio emission signature of Saturn immersions in Jupiter's magnetic tail

During the interval from about May through August 1981, when Voyager 2 was inbound to Saturn, the Planetary Radio Astronomy instrument measured repeated, dramatic decreases in the intensity of the Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR). The emission dropouts averaged two orders of magnitude below mean energy levels and varied from about 1 to 10 Saturn rotations in duration. Comparison with pre-Saturn encounter Voyager 1 observations (June to November, 1980) shows that the SKR dropouts were unique to the Voyager 2 observing interval, consistent with the closer proximity of Saturn to Jupiter's distant magnetotail in 1981. Further, the dropouts occurred on the average at times when Voyager 2 is known to have been within or near Jupiter's magnetic tail.
Task-specific information for imaging system analysis

Imagery is often used to accomplish some computational task. In such cases there are some aspects of the imagery that are relevant to the task and other aspects that are not. In order to quantify the task-specific quality of such imagery, we introduce the concept of task-specific information (TSI). A formal framework for the computation of TSI is described and is applied to three common tasks: target detection, classification, and localization. We demonstrate the utility of TSI as a metric for evaluating the performance of three imaging systems: ideal geometric, diffraction-limited, and projective. The TSI results obtained from the simulation study quantify the degradation in the task-specific performance with optical blur. We also demonstrate that projective imagers can provide higher TSI than conventional imagers at small signal-to-noise ratios.
IR Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of the Disproportionation of W2(SBz)2(CO)8

The UV-vis and IR spectroelectrochemistry of W 2 (SBz) 2 (CO) 8 2- (1) in 0.1 M (TBA)PF6/CH 2 Cl 2 is reported (where SBz - =benzyl mercaptide).
Basis set reduction in Hilbert space.

We present Hilbert-space basis set reduction as a novel approach to reduce the computational effort of accurate correlation calculations for large basis sets. We motivate the method by an examination of the perturbative corrections in scaling theory and present a criterion for the choice of the internal basis. The method is illustrated with two calculations for the ground state of carbon and the energy curve of the beryllium dimer: In either case the errors introduced are less than 1% of the correlation energy. The method scales as the second power of the number of the basis functions and can exploit the benefits of massive parallelization.
Effects of Thrombocytopenia on Megakaryocytopoiesis

Summary. Megakaryocytopoiesis was studied in rats made thrombocytopenic by daily injections of platelet-specific antiserum. Tritiated thymidine was injected 24 hours after the first antiserum and rats were killed at intervals up to 72 hours after the thymidine. Megakaryocyte number and mitotic index were determined on sections of bone marrow; the labelling index (per cent of cells labelled) and frequency of megakaryocytes in morphologic compartments were determined in autoradiograms of marrow smears. Thrombocytopenia caused an increase in the numbers of megakaryocytes, beginning about a day after the first injection of antiserum, with young forms becoming more frequent in the recognizable population. At about the same time, there was an increase in the mitotic index (endomitosis) of megakaryocytes. All of these results indicated an increased influx of cells into the recognizable megakaryocyte population. Later the frequency of older forms increased, revealing that a cohort of cells was passing through the maturation process. The changes in labelling index suggested that megakaryocytes may mature more rapidly in thrombocytopenic rats than in controls. The results suggest that a regulatory agent may act on a diploid precursor cell in responding to the thrombocytopenic state.
AUTOLOGOUS STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR SOLID TUMORS IN ADULTS

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), either from bone marrow or from peripheral blood progenitor cells, allows the administration of chemotherapy with a two- to 10-fold increase in the drug doses. The goal is to achieve a higher tumor-cell kill than possible with standard-dose therapy, in the hope that it will improve long-term disease-free survival (DFS). In this setting, toxicity to extramedullary organ becomes dose limiting. 114 Improvements in supportive care have decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) to a current toxic-death rate of less than 5%. A potential obstacle to the successful use of HDC in diseases that often involve the bone marrow, such as breast cancer, is the possibility of infusing an autograft contaminated with tumor cells. This risk has prompted research efforts directed at effectively purging cancer cells from the stem cell product before transplantation.
Asymptotic minimax estimation in semiparametric models

We give several conditions on the estimator of efficient score function for estimating the parametric component of semiparametric models. A semiparametric version of the one-step MLE using an estimator of efficient score function which fulfills the conditions is shown to converge to the normal distribution with minimum variance locally uniformly over a fairly large neighborhood around the assumed semiparametric model. Consequently, it is shown to be asymptotically minimax with bounded subconvex loss functions. A few examples are also considered.
Research anxiety and students' perceptions of research: an experiment. Part I: Effect of teaching Kuhlthau's ISP model

This two-part study investigates the effect of a 30-minute presentation of Carol Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (ISP) model on students' perceptions of research and research paper anxiety. An experiment was designed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data during a semester. An upper division undergraduate course, Technical and Professional Writing, with four sections participated in the experiment in fall 1999. A survey instrument, the Research Process Survey (RPS), was developed to collect data about students' feelings and thoughts at the onset of their course research project (pretest) and at the completion of the project (posttest). A standard anxiety test (STAI Y-1) was adopted to measure anxiety levels during pretest and posttest sessions and at two additional points between. Two of the four sections heard a guest presentation of the ISP model as treatment after the pretest; the other two sections heard a different guest speak about career experiences as a technical writer (a placebo talk). The results of this experiment are reported in two articles according to the nature of the collected data. This article reports on results of the quantitative analysis. Four hypotheses were proposed to examine the effects on awareness of cognitive aspects, awareness of affective aspects, level of anxiety, and satisfaction with research. One hypothesis was supported. A significant change in anxiety levels was measured (p = 0.5). Although statistical tests did not reject three null hypotheses, positive trends in change as a result of the ISP model were identified. A second article reports on results of qualitative analysis of the texts that participants wrote about a memorable past research experience and about the current research experience.
Global 3-D full-Maxwell's equations FDTD modeling of the effects of space weather on the Earth-ionosphere system

The historical record indicates the possibility of extraordinarily intense coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The largest documented CME occurred in 1859. This CME caused telegraph operators communicating over 100-km-long wire lines to experience electric shocks, some nearly fatal. Further, business transactions requiring telegraphic exchanges were completely shut down in the world's major capitals.
Diffusive water loss in Automeris io pupae: Effect of hypobaria, CO2 and mass

Abstract 1. 1. Water loss in developing Automeris io pupae was significantly increased by exposure to hypobaria, 18% CO 2 , and hypobaria with 18% CO 2 . 2. 2. Hypobaria did not increase the rate of water loss to the extent predicted by the increase in the gaseous diffusion coefficient. 3. 3. The rate of water loss was found to increase with increasing body mass. The slope of the allometric relationship between mass and water loss rate with CO 2 present (0.59) was consistent with that expected on the basis of the changes in respiratory demand with mass.
Bottom currents, nepheloid layers and sedimentary features under the Gulf Stream near Cape Hatteras

Abstract The velocities of near-bottom currents were measured at six locations on a 180-km transect of the Gulf Stream adjacent to Cape Hatteras. The average velocities indicate a southwesterly flow - the Western Boundary Undercurrent. Maximum recorded velocities at each of the six locations ranged from 15 to 47 cm/sec. Depth distributions of suspended particulate matter over the transect indicated that near-bottom nepheloid layers were present and that relatively large amounts of suspended matter were being carried to the southwest. Bottom photographs taken over the same transect, however, showed no evidence that the sediment surface was being affected by the active bottom currents. These results indicate that swift bottom currents do not always leave a record of their work on deep ocean sediment.
Closing the loop between feasible flux scenario identification for construct evaluation and resolution of realized fluxes via NMR

Abstract Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and other methods can provide information on product yield horizons and the optimal “target” values of fluxes to achieve in metabolic networks. These methods can also elucidate the metabolite trafficking possibilities in tissues. While methods that enumerate flux scenarios are useful for the “front-end” analysis of metabolic engineering problems or probing the possibilities in tissue physiology, the evaluation of actual data from a tissue or engineered cells is ultimately needed to verify the veracity of theoretical predictions and mechanistic hypotheses. However, using NMR data to identify fluxes can be problematic because a non-linear optimization problem can result that is highly non-convex due to the bi-linear and tri-linear terms present in the isotopomer balance equations. One consequence is that local versus global solutions can be found. To surmount the problem of obtaining local solutions, we have investigated the utility of using a joint problem formulation. It involves using the results of the “front-end” analysis (MILP solutions) to also provide bounds for the data-to-fluxes problem, where using a deterministic global optimization algorithm of the branch-and-bound type solves the latter. The joint formulation produced the correct solutions for a streamlined example and a more realistic problem. An alternate gradient-based algorithm failed in that it produced an incorrect solution. The utility of different NMR analytes for yielding correct fluxes was also investigated via simulation.
Habitat-Morphotype Associations of Pecos Pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) in Isolated Habitat Complexes

Alterations to the Pecos River in New Mexico and Texas, USA, including damming and river channelization, plus water extraction and diversion from, and pollution of associated habitats during the 19th and 20th centuries have greatly impacted many fish species. The Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) is one species that was heavily impacted, especially because introduction of a congener, the sheepshead minnow (C. variegatus), to the Pecos River in the 1980s eliminated pure C. pecosensis from most of its range via hybridization. Currently, C. pecosensis is restricted to generally small isolated habitats, although historically this species had a large metapopulation with a large geographic range. The current study was an initial survey of morphological variation within different isolated habitat complexes to determine if there were habitat-morphotype distinctions. We used analysis of convex hull coverage (ACHC) with geometric morphometric data to assess whether morphotypes were distinct. ACHC results confir...
Increase in volitional ethanol consumption following interference with a learned avoidance response

Abstract In a self-selection situation, rats performing a discriminated shock avoidance task increased their intake of ethanol significantly when unavoidable random shock signalled by a warning light was simultaneously delivered. During the control shock avoidance period or when non-cued unavoidable shock was delivered, the animals exhibited their normal aversion to ethanol. As a result of these findings, a differentiation was made between two kinds of stressors: the behavioral stress of cued random unavoidable shock (punishment) and/or the physical stress of non-cued unavoidable shock. For the first time a relationship has been established in animals between a so-called psychological stressor and the volitional selection of ethanol.
Empirical Challenges in Analyzing Market Performance in the U.S. Food System

Beef slaughtering and processing were dispersed, on-farm activities until well after the Civil War. During the 1880s, meatpacking was among the first food industries to become significantly monopolized. The appearance of a radically new distribution technology, the mechanically refrigerated rail car, and new corporate forms of ownership provided the stimuli for both horizontal mergers and extensive vertical integration. The "Beef Trust" controlled about 85% of
Endogenous regulation of macrophage proliferative expansion by colony-stimulating factor-induced interferon

Stimulation of cultures of murine bone-marrow cells with specific macrophage growth factor (colony-stimulating factor I) resulted in the production of type I interferon. Neutralization of this endogenous interferon by antiserum directed against interferons alpha and beta resulted in a significant enhancement of mononuclear phagocyte proliferation from committed marrow precursors. The effect of the antiserum was lost in cultures depleted of adherent cells, an indication that an adherent regulatory cell (or cells) in the marrow limits mononuclear phagocyte proliferation by producing antiproliferative interferon in response to high levels of specific growth factor.
WSN07-2: Harnessing the Parity of Multiple Errors in End-to-End MAC Schemes

We present the results of simulation experiments that compare end-to-end error management (used in controlled access MAC protocols) against hop-by-hop error management (used in random access MAC protocols). Our experiments are novel in that we restrict both MAC schemes to identical power budgets and power distribution strategies. By making such a normalized comparison, we observe that end-to-end schemes are more effective than hop-by-hop schemes at reducing connection BER. We are also able to quantify the sensitivity of this relative advantage to various environmental parameters, including power budget size, geographic distance, the number of hops, and power distribution scheme.
Sparse recovery for discrete tomography

Discrete tomography (DT) focuses on the reconstruction of a discrete valued image from few projection angles. Prior knowledge about the image can greatly increase the quality of the reconstructed image, especially when a small number of projections are available. In this paper, we show that DT can be formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem. By using a well designed dictionary, it is possible to represent a binary image with very few coefficients. Starting from this concept, we modify the reweighed l 1 algorithm to achieve a sparse solution and preserve the binary property of image. Preliminary simulation results show that our algorithm can outperform conventional continuous reconstruction methods in cases when very limited data is available.
Papaverine-induced chest pain due to coronary vascular steal: demonstration with angiographic and intracoronary flow velocity measurements.

We observed a patient who developed typical ischemia chest pain during administration of intracoronary papaverine to measure coronary vasodilatory reserve. Coronary collateral steal was documented by angiography and was reserved with intracoronary nitroglycerin
An unrepresentative sample is unrepresentative regardless of the reason: a rejoinder to Amendola and Wixted

Objective Our objective was to assess Amendola and Wixted’s (Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2015b, this issue) response to our critique of their conclusions regarding simultaneous and sequential lineups.
Future perspectives in reconstructive surgery using tissue engineering

Whenever there is a lack of native urologic tissue, reconstruction usually is performed with native nonurologic tissues, such as gastrointestinal segments, skin, or mucosa from multiple body sites. The use of native nonurologic tissues in the genitourinary tract is associated with adverse effects. Tissue engineering efforts currently are underway for almost every type of tissue and organ within the urinary system including bladder, ureter, urethra, and genitalia. Most of the efforts expended to engineer genitourinary tissues have occurred within the last decade. Tissue engineering techniques require a cell culture facility designed for human application. Personnel who have mastered the techniques of cell harvest, culture and expansion, and polymer design are essential for the successful application of this technology. The first human application of cell-based tissue engineering technology for urologic applications recently occurred with the injection of autologous cells for the correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children and urinary incontinence in adults. Trials involving bladder replacement using tissue engineering techniques currently are being arranged. Recent progress suggests that engineered urologic tissues may have clinical applicability.
Eliminating “Hunger” in the U.S.: Changes in Policy Regarding the Measurement of Food Security

In 2006, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced that the word “hunger” would be removed from official policy statements, substituting it with “very low food security.” Technically, this change is valid given that the term “hunger” can have various meanings and that, while the Food Security Supplement (FSS) in the Current Population Survey (CPS) identifies problems with food access and nutritional adequacy at the household level, it does not objectively measure hunger among individuals. Yet, this reframing of policy does not convey the lived experience of “hunger” among Americans in terms of food insecurity. This article examines the potential consequences of this change in policy, and the reasons behind it. To contextualize this discussion, we offer a brief overview of the way in which “hunger” has been defined, and of the history of hunger policy, food assistance, and food security measures in the U.S. In the end, we suggest that although the exclusion of “hunger” may be technically...
Surface roughness over the northern half of the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne laser altimetry

[1] Surface roughness, defined as the standard deviation of small-scale elevation fluctuations from the linear trend over 0.5 km, can be estimated from high-resolution airborne laser altimetry. Here we present results for the northern half of the Greenland Ice Sheet using laser data collected in May 1995. Roughness is smallest in the central region straddling the ice divide, increases in amplitude toward the coast, and appears to be correlated with slope of the ice surface. For most of the study region surface roughness is 8 cm or less (<2.5 cm water equivalent). In smaller regions associated with fast flow, larger values are found. Comparison of the size of small-scale topographic disturbances with the spatial noise estimated from five closely spaced ice cores drilled in northwest Greenland shows good agreement. Similar correspondence was found earlier using nine ice cores from the Summit region. These results indicate that the airborne laser altimeter provides an efficient platform for characterizing the statistical nature of the snow surface over large areas of the polar ice sheets.
Nonlinear Evolution Equations-Two and Three Dimensions

A method is developed which generates a class of nonlinear evolution equations in two and three spatial dimensions from an associated eigenvalue problem and its time dependence. Special cases include the equations describing nonlinear, resonantly interacting, wave envelopes in two and three dimensions; a "nonlinear Schr\"odinger" equation in two dimensions; and a two-dimensional analog of the Korteweg- de Vries equation.
Finding the Lost Jockeys

Abstract. This article describes two new databases related to the racing industry. Using census data extracted from the North Atlantic Population Project and recently collected license data on jockeys of all races, the authors examine the labor market for thoroughbred horse jockeys, focusing on the period from 1880 to 1930. The decline in the number of African American jockeys is documented and discussed. The authors also estimate total labor force figures and compare experience levels and career lengths for both black and white jockeys. An unexpected finding is the higher level of labor force participation among black jockeys in the twentieth century, relative to earlier sources.
The earth still trembles: On landscape views in contemporary Italian cinema

The essay discusses contemporary Italian filmmakers’ sustained interest in the representation of national landscapes and physical environments as revelatory settings of defacement of the nation’s geo-cultural patrimony. Whether historical costume dramas, documentaries, or high-class melodramas, Martone’s Noi credevamo, Guzzanti’s Draquila, and even Guadagnino’s Io sono l’amore, among others, have exposed comparable forms of spatial and anthropological degrado. In so doing they resonate with articulations of environmental literacy and ethics emerged in the writings of Roberto Saviano and Salvatore Settis.
Lensless microwave imaging using the Hartley transform

We recently reported a method of optical phase measurement1 that involves the creation of a Hartley transform2 plane, which is constructed by the superposition of two Fourier transforms3, one of which was rotated spatially by 180° and shifted in phase by 90°. Because the Hartley transform, unlike the Fourier transform, is entirely real, it is able to extract more information when a phase-insensitive detector (for example, an optical detector) is used. In particular, the Hartley intensity encodes the location of the centroid of a source, whereas the intensity distribution of a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern does not change when the source shifts because source location is hidden in the phase information. Through the Hartley transform one gains access to the Fourier phase by amplitude measurements only. We have now extended this technique to the microwave range, and have also demonstrated how to obtain an image of an isophase source without using a phase-sensitive detector.
Purification of a human alternative complement pathway inhibitor from hemolymph of larval fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Larval Spodoptera frugiperda hemolymph contains a specific inhibitor of the alternative pathway of human complement. This inhibitor was purified from larval hemolymph (HL) by 50% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and sequential gel-filtration on Bio-Gel 1.5m, 0.5m and Sephacryl S-200. Purified HL protein (Mr = 110,000) was composed of two Mr 55,000 polypeptide chains. Addition of purified HL protein to human complement resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of RaRBC lysis and clumping of cells. The protein inhibitor provides a new tool for investigating the regulation of human alternative complement pathway.
Contact Geometry at the Undersurface of the Acromion With and Without a Rotator Cuff Tear

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in contact geometry at the undersurface of acromion in shoulders with and without a rotator cuff (RC) tear. Type of Study: Case-control study. Methods: Forty fresh cadaveric shoulders (average age at death, 61 years) without gross osteoarthritic changes were divided into the intact RC group (n = 20) and the RC tear group (n = 20). Clinical impingement was simulated by compressing the humeral head and the intact portion of the RC against the coracoacromial arch with an axial compressive force of 25 kg while the humerus was held abducted 20° in the scapular plane. The contact pattern between the acromion and the RC was measured with Fuji Prescale super low-pressure–sensitive film (Fuji Photo Film Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The imprint image was analyzed using Global Lab image software (Automatix, Marlboro, MA). Results: The percentage of the maximum anteroposterior dimension of the imprint on Fuji film to the anteroposterior diameter of the acromial undersurface was 29% ± 9% in intact RC shoulders, and 39% ± 13% in shoulders with an RC tear ( P >.05). The percentage of the maximum mediolateral dimension of the imprint to the mediolateral diameter of the corresponding part of the acromial undersurface was 27% ± 12% in intact RC shoulders, and 48% ± 11% in shoulders with an RC tear. This difference was statistically significant ( P Conclusions: The contact geometry of the acromial undersurface with the underlying RC in the anteroposterior dimension, which might be related to the appearance in supraspinatus outlet view, was not significantly different between shoulders with and without an RC tear. These findings suggest that factors other than acromial shape play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RC tears. The implication regarding the role of acromioplasty remains to be clarified. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 4 (April), 2001: pp 365–372
Validation of the nicotine dependence syndrome scale (NDSS): a criterion-group design contrasting chippers and regular smokers.

The nicotine dependence syndrome scale (NDSS) is a new multi-dimensional measure of nicotine dependence, yielding five scores for different aspects of dependence as well as a total score. In this study, we tested the NDSS in a young adult sample (mean age = 24), using an extreme-groups comparison between non-dependent smokers (chippers, n = 123) and regular smokers (n = 130). Scores on each NDSS subscale strongly discriminated between the groups, with the NDSS-total discriminating them almost perfectly. The subscales were generally independent discriminators, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the subscales. NDSS scales also discriminated levels of intake and dependence within the chippers group, suggesting that the scales were sensitive to individual differences even at the very low end of the dependence continuum.
Exact tunnelling solutions in scalar field theory

Abstract When calculating quantum tunnelling in field theory you usually rely on the WKB approximation. The tunnelling rate is proportional to e − B , where B is the action for the classical solution in euclidean space that matches the boundary conditions. For a general potential this has to be calculated on a computer. As this process requires the user to search for the initial value of the field it can be tedious. More often than not the dependence of B on the parameters of the potential, e.g. the height and width of the barrier, is difficult to extract from the final results. In this letter we discuss potentials for which we can calculate the action B exactly in terms of these parameters. Prior to this the only case where you could write B in closed form was if you could apply Coleman's “thin-wall” approximation.
Left-sided vagus nerve stimulation decreases intracranial pressure without resultant bradycardia in the pig: a potential therapeutic modality for humans.

The medical literature is lacking in data regarding intracranial pressure in an animal model with concomitant vagus nerve and spinal cord stimulation. Ten pigs were anesthetized and placed in the supine position and an intracranial pressure monitor was inserted. Each study animal had a small laminectomy performed in the lumbar region and the left vagus nerve exposed within the carotid sheath. Intracranial pressure was monitored for 3 h in all animals. Eight animals at the end of 3 h of monitoring underwent vagus nerve stimulation and or spinal cord stimulation. Study and control animals had their intracranial pressure monitored for an additional 1 and 2 h respectively. Following vagus nerve stimulation, all animals had significant (p<0.05) decreases in their intracranial pressure with a lasting effect of 15–35 min (mean 18.5 min). No significant change in blood pressure was noted during stimulation of the vagus nerve. After spinal cord stimulation all animals responded with acute increases in their intracranial pressure (p<0.05). Left vagus nerve stimulation reliably decreases intracranial pressure in the pig. The mechanism of this action remains unclear and does not appear to be due to resultant bradycardia. Conversely, stimulation of the upper lumbar spinal cord increases intracranial pressure with simultaneous increases in heart rate. Following additional studies and with close observation of cerebral perfusion pressure, we believe that left vagus nerve stimulation may represent a novel adjunctive therapy for decreasing elevated intracranial pressure in posttraumatic human patients with head injuries. Additionally, according to this animal data, minimizing spinal cord stimulation should be considered in the acute setting following head injury so as to minimize iatrogenic elevation of intracranial pressure.
Combined effect of geomagnetic field and gravity on the formation of crystals

It has been observed that, in the 1988 Shuttle Discovery experiments, crystals grew uniformly throughout the solution and also uniformly on a membrane in the experimental chamber. This was very different from those grown in laboratories on Earth, where the crystals grew only on the vertical membrane and then only at the bottom half of the membrane [Scaife et al., 1990]. We propose that the combined effect of gravity ( ' and geomagnetic field ( ', in the form of drifts of ions, controls the growth of crystals in aqueous solutions. Based on this theory, the observed distinct difference between space-grown crystals and those grown in laboratories on Earth can be reasonably explained. We have conducted concept-proof experiments on crystal growth under gravity and different magnetic fields in the laboratory. Our experimental results have confirmed the effect, and showed that the uniformity of crystal growth as well as the size and yield of grown crystals can indeed be controlled by the combined effect of gravity and magnetic field. This work is conducive to the understanding of formation of crystals in nature. Moreover, it may be based on to develop a practical technique for industrial growth of crystals.
The spectroscopy of MnH

Abstract The low-lying quintet and septet states of MnH have been studied using the state-averaged CASSCF MRCI method. Our study focuses on the A7Π-X7Σ+, c5Σ+-a5Σ+, and b5Π-a5Σ+ band systems, which almost certainly correspond to the 566-, 847-, and 939-nm band systems observed in emission. The radiative lifetimes for the v′ = 0 level of the A7Π, b5Π, and c5Σ+ states are 96.6 ns and 3.2 and 0.39 μs, respectively. Although the CASSCF calculations are not inconsistent with the assignment of the 480-nm band system to a 5Π-a5Σ+ transition, they indicate the existence of a stronger 5Σ+-a5Σ+ transition in the same energy region. The calculations also show that the quintet spectrum above 20 000 cm−1 is very complicated.
Losing One’s Cool Social Competence as a Novel Inverse Predictor of Provocation-Related Aggression

Provocations and frustrating events can trigger an urge to act aggressively. Such behaviors can be controlled, but perhaps more so for people who can better distinguish effective from ineffective courses of action. The present three studies (total N = 285) introduce a scenario-based measure of this form of social competence (SC). In Study 1, higher levels of SC predicted lower levels of trait anger. Study 2 presented provocation scenarios and asked people whether they would engage in direct, indirect, and symbolic forms of aggression when provoked. SC was inversely predictive of all forms of aggressive responding. Study 3 focused on reactions to frustrating events in daily life. Such events were predictive of hostile behavior and cognitive failures particularly at low levels of SC. The research establishes that SC can be assessed in an objective manner and that variations in it are systematically predictive of reactive aggression.
Can therapists be trained to improve their alliances? A preliminary study of alliance-fostering psychotherapy

Abstract Research has consistently documented that the quality of the therapeutic alliance is related to the outcome of diverse psychotherapies. In this preliminary study, the authors examined whether therapists could learn to improve their alliances with patients. Therapists were trained in alliance-fostering therapy, a 16-session treatment for major depressive disorder that combines interpersonal–psychodynamic interventions with techniques for enhancing the alliance based on Bordin's model of the alliance. Five therapists with 1 to 3 years of postdoctoral clinical experience treated three patients in each of three study phases: before, during, and after training. From pre- to posttraining, moderate to large increases in the alliance were apparent, although these effects were not statistically significant. Variability between therapists was also apparent. The training produced small improvements in depressive symptoms but larger improvements in quality of life, particularly at follow-up and for cases tha...
Removal of arsenite from aqueous solutions by anionic clays.

AbstractLayered double hydroxides are antitype 2/1 clay minerals that can be synthesized rapidly under laboratory conditions. Due to their high anion exchange capacities, layered double hydroxides have been investigated as potential adsorbents for removal of anionic contaminants from aqueous systems. In this study, uncalcined and calcined layered double hydroxides were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, with the products evaluated for their ability to adsorb As(III) in aqueous solutions. Results indicated that As(III) could be adsorbed on chloride layered double hydroxide and calcined layered double hydroxide, but no adsorption occurred for carbonate layered double hydroxide. The adsorption isotherms of As(III) on chloride layered double hydroxide and calcined layered double hydroxide were typical L and H-type curves, respectively. The adsorption of As(III) on calcined layered double hydroxide was a slow process and reached a quasi-equilibrium after a 20 hr reaction time. The layered double ...
Abstract 3985: Sorafenib modulates macrophages to promote T helper type 1 immunity.

Multiple regulatory processes within the tumor microenvironment work in concert to limit local anti-tumor immunity, and it is likely that integrative cancer therapies that target multiple cellular components in the tumor will be required to optimize antitumor immunity. Sorafenib is a promiscuous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed as an anti-angiogenesis agent. We have previously shown that Sorafenib treatment can shift bone-marrow derived macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) from the pro-tumorigenic IL-10 secreting phenotype to the anti-tumor IL-12 secreting phenotype. Here, we extend these studies to explore the effect of Sorafenib on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in a murine model of HER2 + breast cancer. Sorafenib treatment effectively delays the outgrowth of HER-2-overexpressing tumors in FVB/N mice relative to vehicle-treated controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased infiltration of F480 + macrophages in Sorafenib-treated tumors. F480 + TAMs isolated from Sorafenib-treated tumors had greater levels of IL-12 gene expression, and secreted higher levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1); there was no difference in IL-10 gene expression. Furthermore, F480 + TAMs isolated from Sorafenib-treated tumors demonstrated a superior ability to stimulate CD4 + T cell proliferation, and intracellular cytokine staining of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from Sorafenib-treated tumors showed an increase in CD4 + IFNγ-secreting T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Sorafenib may alter the activation state of TAMs to increase pro-immunogenic signals and promote T helper type 1 immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Melek M. Sunay, James M. Leatherman, Gang Chen, Leisha A. Emens. Sorafenib modulates macrophages to promote T helper type 1 immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3985. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3985
Microvascular responses to chronic hypoxia by the chick chorioallantoic membrane: A morphometric analysis

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated an increased capillarity in response to hypoxia in a variety of tissues. We studied the effects of hypoxia on the number and morphology of pre- and postcapillary vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Measurements of CAM microvessels were made from in vivo photographs after incubation in 15% oxygen (hypoxia) for 7 days (Days 7–14 of development). Quantitation of arteriolar and venular number, diameter, and length within defined areas was performed using a digitizing tablet with a 0.001-in. resolution, or 1.2 μm on photographs enlarged to 30×. The 15% oxygen environment produced a 54% increase in overall vessel density, with arterioles increasing 78% and venules 34%. The increases were primarily among vessels less than 10 μm in diameter. Moreover, the total vessel length per area of CAM also was increased by the 15% oxygen. Among vessels less than 80 μm in diameter, the low oxygen regimen stimulated a preferential increase in the number of arterioles, evidenced by a significant upward shift in the arteriole: venule ratio. Control vs 15% oxygen groups showed no statistical differences for the diameters and lengths of individual arterioles and venules. Thus, the observed increase in the total vessel length per area following 15% oxygen reflects the increased number of vessels. These data demonstrate that chronic exposure of the CAM to low oxygen stimulates an increase in the density of the pre- and postcapillary vessels which favors the arterioles.
Solution combustion synthesis of metal nanopowders: Copper and copper/nickel alloys

Based on a general methodology for the preparation of metal–nanopowders by solution combustion synthesis (SCS), the reaction pathways for SCS of pure copper and copper–nickel alloy nanopowders are investigated. It is confirmed that the necessary condition for SCS of metals in a metal-nitrate oxidizer–glycine system is the property of the oxidizer to decompose with formation of HNO3 species. In this case, for compositions with excess of glycine, a hydrogen reducing atmosphere develops in the reaction front, leading to the formation of reduced metals. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by X-ray diffraction analysis of the quenched samples and DTA–TGA studies of the Cu(NO3)2·6H2O–glycine and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O/Cu(NO3)2·6H2O–glycine systems. The results show that the formation of Cu2O and CuO oxide phases takes place at early stages in the reaction front followed by their reduction to pure Cu phase in the postcombustion zones. However, in a Cu–Ni alloy, a fraction of intermetallic Cu–Ni phase appeared directly in the combustion front, whereas the rest of the oxygen-free alloy formed through reduction of oxide phases. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011