cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hand Gesture Based Intuitive CAD Interface

A key objective of gesture based computer aided design (CAD) interface is to enable humans to manipulate 3D models in virtual environments in a manner similar to how such objects are manipulated in real-life. In this paper, we outline the development of a novel real-time gesture based conceptual computer aided design tool which enables intuitive hand gesture based interaction with a given design interface. Recognized hand gestures along with hand position information are converted into commands for rotating, scaling, and translating 3D models. In the presented system, gestures are identified based solely on the depth information obtained via inexpensive depth sensing cameras (SoftKinetics DepthSense 311). Since the gesture recognition system is entirely based on using depth images, the developed system is robust and insensitive to variations in lighting conditions, hand color, and background noise. The difference between the input hand shape and the nearest neighboring point in the database is employed as the criterion to recognize different gestures. Extensive experiments with a design interface are also presented to demonstrate the accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness of the presented system.© 2014 ASME
Toward standardization of methods of determination of fracture properties of acrylic bone cement and statistical analysis of test results.

A succinct critical review of the literature on the fatigue, fatigue crack propagation, and fracture toughness (herein collectively termed "fracture properties") of acrylic bone cement is presented, whereby it is pointed out that a plethora of test conditions have been used. This situation precludes meaningful interstudy comparisons and mitigates against a definitive delineation of the effect of a named variable on a specified fracture property. A case for standardization of test conditions is thus made, culminating in the presentation of a recommended set of such conditions. In addition, it is shown that many literature parametric studies employed inappropriate statistical methods for performing pairwise comparisons, and all these studies have not addressed the issue of possible interactions between the parameters being investigated. A methodology for addressing these deficiencies is presented in the present report, and its use is illustrated with a set of notional fatigue test results.
Bacterial Production Stimulated Across the Zone of Influence of a Ground Water Circulation Well in a BTEX-Contaminated Aquifer

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) hydrocarbons are typically the most abundant carbon source for bacteria in gasoline-contaminated ground water. In situ bioremediation strategies often involve stimulating bacterial heterotrophic production in an attempt to increase carbon demand of the assemblage. This may, in turn, stimulate biodegradation of contaminant hydrocarbons. In this study, ground water circulation wells (GCWs) were used as an in situ treatment for a fuel-contaminated aquifer to stimulate bacterial production, purportedly by increasing oxygen transfer to the subsurface, circulating limiting nutrients, enhancing bioavailability of hydrocarbons, or by removing metabolically inhibitory volatile organics. Bacterial production, as measured by rates of bacterial protein synthesis, was stimulated across the zone of influence (ZOI) of a series of GCWs. Productivity increased from ∼102 to >105 ng C/L hour across the ZOI, suggesting that treatment stimulated overall biodegradation of carbon sources present in the ground water. However, even if BTEX carbon met all bacterial carbon demand, biodegradation would account for <4.3% of the total estimated BTEX removed from the ground water. Although bacterial productivity measurements alone cannot prove the effectiveness of in situ bioremediation, they can estimate the maximum amount of contaminant that may be biodegraded by a treatment system.
Accelerated Publication: Effect of composition of post etch residues (PER) on their removal in choline chloride-malonic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) system

In back end of line (BEOL) processing of copper/dielectric stacks, the composition of the post etch residues (PER) affects their removal by wet chemical formulations. For the removal of PER composed mainly of copper oxides and fluorides, deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems composed of choline chloride (CC) and urea (U) or choline chloride (CC) and malonic acid (MA) have been shown to be very effective. This paper will discuss the applicability of CC/MA system with and without the addition of glacial acetic acid (HAc) for the removal of residues that exhibit both inorganic and organic character. Different types of residues were created by CF"4/O"2 plasma etching of deep UV (DUV) photoresist (PR) films on Cu. By varying the time of etching, post-etch residues of varying inorganic and organic composition were generated and characterized using XPS. The effectiveness of CC/MA and HAc/CC/MA systems in removing the prepared post etch residues was characterized by SEM, XPS and single frequency impedance measurements. The results indicate that HAc/CC/MA system is very effective in removing different types of residues.
An archived lot of coccidioidin induces specific coccidioidal delayed-type hypersensitivity and correlates with in vitro assays of coccidioidal cellular immune response.

No test for assessing cellular immune response in coccidioidomycosis is currently available in the United States. In the present study, we tested 49 healthy subjects living in the coccidioidal endemic region with a 1:55.8 dilution of a single lot of coccidioidin archived since the 1970s. In this group, 23 evaluable subjects demonstrated ≥5 mm of induration at 24, 48 or 72 h, with a mean±SEM maximum induration of 18.4±4.0 mm. The induration results among 14 subjects reactive at 24 h were compared to those from 179 individuals in an historical cohort studied in the 1980s using a reference lot of coccidioidin. Results were within 5% and not significantly different (P=0.924). The maximum induration response of all evaluable subjects correlated significantly with the results of in vitro tests of coccidioidal cellular immunity using supernatant interferon-gamma concentration and CD69 expression on T cells (Spearman rank correlation coefficients 0.69 and 0.68, respectively; P<0.01 for both). These data suggest that archived coccidioidin retains its potency and specificity and that in vitro test of coccidioidal immunity may have utility in the measurement of coccidioidal cellular immunity.
Multiproduct firms in the representative consumer model of product differentiation

Abstract This note describes a worked-out example of the Dixit-Stiglitz model of product differentiation, generalized in two directions; career choice is endogenous and firms can produce many products.
Cysteine Mutagenesis Reveals Transmembrane Residues Associated with Charge Translocation in Prestin

The solute carrier transmembrane protein prestin (SLC26A5) drives an active electromechanical transduction process in cochlear outer hair cells that increases hearing sensitivity and frequency discrimination in mammals. A large intramembraneous charge movement, the nonlinear capacitance (NLC), is the electrical signature of prestin function. The transmembrane domain (TMD) helices and residues involved in the intramembrane charge displacement remain unknown. We have performed cysteine-scanning mutagenesis with serine or valine replacement to investigate the importance of cysteine residues to prestin structure and function. The distribution of oligomeric states and membrane abundance of prestin was also probed to investigate whether cysteine residues participate in prestin oligomerization and/or NLC. Our results reveal that 1) Cys-196 (TMD 4) and Cys-415 (TMD 10) do not tolerate serine replacement, and thus maintaining hydrophobicity at these locations is important for the mechanism of charge movement; 2) Cys-260 (TMD 6) and Cys-381 (TMD 9) tolerate serine replacement and are probably water-exposed; and 3) if disulfide bonds are present, they do not serve a functional role as measured via NLC. These novel findings are consistent with a recent structural model, which proposes that prestin contains an occluded aqueous pore, and we posit that the orientations of transmembrane domain helices 4 and 10 are essential for proper prestin function.
Combinatorial structure of some hyperbolic buildings

We give an elementary construction of polyhedra whose links are connected bipartite graphs. In particular, we construct polyhedra whose links are generalized m-gons. The polyhedra of this type are interesting because of their universal coverings, which are two-dimensional hyperbolic buildings.
Experimental determination of some nonlinear elements of third sound dynamics

The frequency shifts of third sound resonances during free decay are observed to have a quadratic dependence on the amplitude of the wave motion. An unambiguous measurement of amplitude allows for quantitative comparisons to predictions for the frequency shifts based on a variety of nonlinear influences acting within the superfluid4He film and resonator. Dispersive terms play a minor role in this analysis. We conclude that nonlinear terms dictated by a straight forward application of classical hydrodynamics are applicable to superfluid helium films.
Enhanced CT perfusion cut-off sign in midgut volvulus

We present a case of malrotation with midgut volvulus in an infant in which we discovered a unique CT sign called the perfusion cut-off sign. We hope this case will help establish this crucial diagnosis in other cases.
Design and rule base reduction of a fuzzy filter for the estimation of motor currents

Abstract Fuzzy systems have been used extensively and successfully in control systems over the past few decades, but have been applied much less often to filtering problems. This is somewhat surprising in view of the dual relationship between control and estimation. This paper discusses and demonstrates the application of fuzzy filtering to motor winding current estimation in permanent magnet synchronous motors. Motor winding current estimation is an important problem because in order to implement effective closed-loop control, a good estimation of the current is needed. Motor winding currents are notoriously noisy because of electrical noise in the motor drive. We use a fuzzy system with correlation-product inference and centroid defuzzification for motor winding current estimation. With the assumption that the membership functions are triangular (but not necessarily symmetric), we then optimize the membership functions using gradient descent. Next we use singular value decomposition to reduce the rule base for the fuzzy filter. Rule base reduction can be important for fuzzy systems in those cases where the fuzzy system needs to be implemented in real time. This is especially true with regard to fuzzy filtering in a real time motor controller. The methods discussed in this paper are demonstrated on real motor winding currents that were collected with a digital oscilloscope. It is demonstrated that fuzzy techniques provide a feasible approach to motor current estimation, that gradient descent optimization improves the performance of the filter, and that rule base reduction results in a relatively small degradation of filter performance.
Recent trends in Antarctic snow accumulation from Polar MM5 simulations

Polar MM5, a mesoscale atmospheric model optimized for use over polar ice sheets, is employed to simulate Antarctic accumulation in recent decades. Two sets of simulations, each with different initial and boundary conditions, are evaluated for the 17 yr period spanning 1985–2001. The initial and boundary conditions for the two sets of runs are provided by the (i) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40 year Reanalysis, and (ii) National Centres for Environmental Prediction—Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Reanalysis II. This approach is used so that uncertainty can be assessed by comparing the two resulting datasets. There is broad agreement between the two datasets for the annual precipitation trends for 1985–2001. These generally agree with ice core and snow stake accumulation records at various locations around the continent, indicating broad areas of both upward and downward trends. Averaged over the continent the annual trends are small and not statistically different from zero, suggesting that recent Antarctic snowfall changes do not mitigate current sea-level rise. However, this result does not suggest that Antarctica is isolated from the recent climate changes occurring elsewhere on Earth. Rather, these are expressed by strong seasonal and regional precipitation changes.
Intercropped Corn–Soyabean Density Studies. I. Yield Complementarity

Intercropped corn and soyabean were grown in a randomized block design (RBD) and a systematic design (SD) in 1981 and 1982 to evaluate total yield, yield complementarity, crop competition and land-use efficiency as affected by corn and soyabean densities. In the RBD, three corn density treatments were applied to corn–corn–soyabean–soyabean, corn–corn–soyabean, and corn–soyabean intercrop row patterns and to monocultures. In the SD, 9 or 10 corn densities were factorially combined with up to 13 soyabean densities in a corn–soyabean row pattern (91 cm spacing). In the RBD, total intercrop yields were similar to corn monoculture yields (60.8 to 62.7 t ha−1 in 1981) in the corn–corn–soyabean and corn–soyabean patterns at high corn densities but were less at low density. The corn–corn–soyabean–soyabean pattern yielded 87% of the corn monoculture at high density in 1982. These results were confirmed in the SD, where total intercrop yields were highly responsive to corn density and poorly responsive to soyabean densities. Both experiments indicated that high corn row densities are needed to maintain yields in corn–soyabean intercrops, possibly higher than the levels studied. Land equivalent ratios were above 1.0 for all but the low density corn–corn–soyabean–soyabean pattern in the RBD. The ability of an intercrop with as many as half the corn rows replaced by soyabean to produce yields similar to corn monoculture indicates a biological complementarity for dry matter production in the mixtures.
Compositional semantics of a real-time prototyping language

The formal semantics of a prototyping language for hard real-time systems, PSDL, is given. PSDL provides a data flow notation augmented by application-orientation timing and control constraints to describe a system as a hierarchy of networks of processing units communicating via data streams. The semantics of PSDL are defined in terms of algebraic high-level Petri nets. This formalism combines algebraic specifications of abstract data types with process and concurrency concepts of Petri nets. Its data abstraction facilities are used to define the meaning of PSDL data types, while high-level Petri nets serve to model the casual and timing behavior of a system. The net model exposes potential concurrency of computation and makes all synchronization needs implied by timing and control constraints explicit and precise. Time is treated as state of clocks, and clocks are modeled as ordinary system components. The net semantics provides the basis for applying analysis techniques and semantic tools available for high-level Petri nets. >
EFFECTS OF DEPARTURES FROM IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM ON COOLING-FLOW X-RAY SPECTRA

X-ray spectra of galaxy cluster cooling cores have traditionally been modeled under the assumption that the cooling plasma is in ionization equilibrium. Departures from ionization equilibrium could aUect the expected line-emission spectra from these objects and consequently the physical quantities inferred from such spectra. We have determined the elemental ionization fractions for six astrophysically abundant elements for temperatures from 104 to 108 K, assuming both equilibrium and nonequilibrium plasma models, and using cooling function values derived for both solar and one-third solar abundance. The magnitude of deviations from ionization equilibrium in a cooling plasma increases with decreasing atomic number: it is noticeable for C and O and becomes negligible for Si and S. The results of our recalculation of ionization fractions were used to derive X-ray emissivities for cluster cooling cores. Comparisons between luminosities produced by helium-like transitions and hydrogen-like Lya 2P 1 ] 1S 0 transitions indicate that nonequilibrium ionization signi—cantly aUects (by 10%¨20%) only low-Z elements, and that the determination of the cooling rate via spectral analysis remains unchanged.
Beta-adrenergic adaptation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: differences between children and adults.

This editorial refers to ‘Beta-adrenergic adaptation in paediatric idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy’, by S.D. Miyamoto et al. , doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs229 The study of Miyamoto et al .1 found differences in beta-adrenergic adaptation to heart failure (HF) in explanted heart tissue between children and adults with symptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Differences included: (i) down-regulation of beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic receptors in children but maintained beta-2-adrenergic receptor expression in adults; and (ii), in children, uncoupling of the beta-1-adrenergic receptors and stimulatory G-proteins, among others.1 An important family of cell surface protein receptors, the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enable cells to sense and respond to outside signals. For children with cardiomyopathy and heart failure, we need a better understanding of the structure–function relationships and the detailed regulation of GCPRs, as well as the drugs that stimulate or inhibit these relationships. Understanding beta-adrenergic adaptation in children with HF should indicate how cardiomyocytes interact with their extracellular environment and adapt to new situations, such as when epinephrine acts on cells to increase blood pressure and heart rate. Miyamoto and colleagues observed that the GCPR signalling system has become the target of prescription drugs, including beta-blockers, to relieve HF.1 In fact, about half of all medications act on these receptors, so learning about them is key to developing better drugs. The GPCR initiates a cascade of signals into the cell, prompting it to respond appropriately, as well as a secondary cascade in which a feedback signal leads to desensitization. A molecule called beta-arrestin binds to the GPCR and reduces or temporarily stops GPCR's sensitivity. Beta-arrestin, in addition to receptor desensitization, is involved in receptor endocytosis and activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and other …
The role of long-range forces in the cohesion of lipoproteins.

The various long-range forces which are effective between molecules in their electronic ground states are examined. Orders of magnitude are given for those forces which should occur in the interaction of lipide and protein chains. It is found that electrostatic forces should be responsible for bringing and holding together protein and lipide components, but London – Van der Waals dispersion forces are probably of paramount importance in maintaining the lipide chains together in micelles or double layers.Special attention is drawn to the dispersion forces and to the conditions under which these forces are locally additive; one can calculate accurate values of the dispersion energy of interaction between saturated hydrocarbon chains at short distances (a few angstroms apart) by adding all the bond–bond interactions. A general expression is given for the dispersion energy between two parallel and opposed chains built out of identical units, and numerical values are given for the case of closely packed hydroc...
Health and safety aspects of thin‐film photovoltaic cell manufacturing technologies

Production of thin-film photovoltaic cells entails extensive handling of toxic and flammable, or explosive materials. Large scale manufacture of these photovoltaic cells may present potential health and safety hazards to workers and the public. Hazards to occupational and public health related to the toxicity and explosiveness of several feedstock gases are evaluated and safety and control options are presented.
Diversity of peronosporomycete (oomycete) communities associated with the rhizosphere of different plant species.

Peronosporomycete (oomycete) communities inhabiting the rhizospheres of three plant species were characterized and compared to determine whether communities obtained by direct soil DNA extractions (soil communities) differ from those obtained using baiting techniques (bait communities). Using two sets of Peronosporomycete-specific primers, a portion of the 5′ region of the large subunit (28S) rRNA gene was amplified from DNA extracted either directly from rhizosphere soil or from hempseed baits floated for 48 h over rhizosphere soil. Amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and then subjected to phylogenetic and diversity analyses. Both soil and bait communities arising from DNA amplified with a Peronosporomycetidae-biased primer set (Oom1) were dominated by Pythium species. In contrast, communities arising from DNA amplified with a Saprolegniomycetidae-biased primer set (Sap2) were dominated by Aphanomyces species. Neighbor-joining analyses revealed the presence of additional taxa that could not be identified with known Peronosporomycete species represented in GenBank. Sequence diversity and mean sequence divergence ( $$\theta _{\pi }$$ ) within bait communities were lower than the diversity within soil communities. Furthermore, the composition of Peronosporomycete communities differed among the three fields sampled and between bait and soil communities based on F st and parsimony tests. The results of our study represent a significant advance in the study of Peronosporomycetes in terrestrial habitats. Our work has shown the utility of culture-independent approaches using 28S rRNA genes to assess the diversity of Peronosporomycete communities in association with plants. It also reveals the presence of potentially new species of Peronosporomycetes in soils and plant rhizospheres.
Decline in the rate of hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction: Impact of changing management strategies

Abstract This study examined the profile and management of acute myocardial infarction in patients hospitalized in the coronary care unit of Henry Ford Hospital to determine risk factors or treatments that best explained a decline in in-hospital mortality rates. During the 1980s and early 1990s, many therapeutic advances occurred in management of acute infarction. Overall and in-hospital mortality were observed also to decline, but little is known about the relation of newer treatments to clinical outcome. The study population consisted of 1798 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Of these, 982 consecutive patients were hospitalized in the coronary care unit of Henry Ford Hospital from January 1981 through December 1984 and compared with the 816 consecutive patients hospitalized from January 1990 through October 1992. Data on baseline demographics, initial clinical features, in-hospital management, and in-hospital outcome were compared for the two groups. Logistic regression was used to define independent predictors of the improved outcome of the two groups. Demographic features of the earlier group were similar to those of the later cohort, with the exception of a greater incidence of diabetes and hypertension and a lesser incidence of angina and prior heart failure. The occurrence of non-Q wave infarction increased from 27% in the earlier to 39% in the later group, whereas the magnitude of peak creatine kinase elevation in serum was higher in the later group. Medical management differed significantly, with increased use of aspirin, thrombolytics, heparin, warfarin, nitrates and β-blockers and decreased use of antiarrhythmic agents, digoxin, and vasopressors in the later group. Coronary revascularization was performed during hospitalization in 6.4% of the earlier group of patients and 31.6% of the later group. In-hospital mortality was 14.7% in the earlier group and 7.4% in the later group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the difference in mortality between the two groups was best accounted for by increased use of β-blockers, angioplasty, and thrombolytics, decreased incidence of cardiogenic shock and asystole, and decreased use of lidocaine. In conclusion, the presentation and in-hospital management of patients with acute myocardial infarction has changed from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. The improved hospital mortality rate may be associated with both the expanded use of effective therapies and a more favorable in-hospital course, although these are not mutually exclusive.
Cardiac GPCRs: GPCR signaling in healthy and failing hearts

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely implicated in human heart disease, making them an important target for cardiac drug therapy. The most commonly studied and clinically targeted cardiac GPCRs include the adrenergic, angiotensin, endothelin, and adenosine receptors. Treatment options focusing on the complex and integrated signaling pathways of these GPCRs are critical for the understanding and amelioration of heart disease. The focus of this review is to highlight the most commonly studied and clinically targeted cardiac GPCRs, placing emphasis on their common signaling components implicated in cardiac disease.
Reactive power compensation for voltage control at resistance welders

Resistance welders are a source of voltage fluctuations and flicker in industrial power distribution systems. The high-reactance welding transformer that limits the welding current creates a low-power-factor (pf) load. With hundreds of welders, factories may use synchronized welding cycles that lead to annoying flicker. Other facilities use random timing to prevent flicker, but suffer deep voltage sags due to simultaneous welding operations. Severe voltage variations reduce the power delivered to the welders, causing reduced heating and poor-quality welding joints. The paper examines the design and application of a mini-static var compensator (SVC) to improve the voltage quality on the welding circuits of industrial power distribution systems. The compact range of reactive-power demands for robotic welders suggest the use of thyristor-switched capacitors (TSCs). The compensation provides the necessary voltage control for consistent welds with the added benefit of reduced load currents throughout the industrial distribution system. The compensator control is coupled with the welder controls to mitigate the random reactive-power mismatches that are often seen with other SVC welding and arc-furnace applications.
Long-Term Satisfaction and Medication Dependence After Antireflux Surgery

Background Antireflux surgery remains an important treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to medical management. However, there is a paucity of data on long-term surgical outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine long-term patient satisfaction and medication dependence after antireflux surgery. Methods We identified all patients having antireflux surgery for GERD at our institution between 2000 and 2010. Medical records were reviewed and long-term outcomes were assessed using telephone surveys. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify significant predictors of patient satisfaction and medication use 5 years and 10 years after surgery. Results We surveyed 195 patients receiving antireflux surgery with a median follow-up of 6.3 years; 191 of 195 operations (98%) were performed laparoscopically. Five years after surgery, 82% of patients were satisfied with their operation and 83% of patients were not taking any antireflux medication. At 10 years postoperatively, these rates drop to 59% and 38%, respectively. Of patients taking medication who received formal evaluation of their symptoms, only 38.5% (15 of 39) had evidence of reflux. Age, sex, year of operation, surgeon specialty, body mass index, and presenting symptom were not associated with long-term satisfaction or medication use. Conclusions Antireflux surgery dramatically improves symptoms and provides excellent 5-year patient satisfaction and freedom from medication use. However, both of these outcomes decrease with follow-up out to 10 years.
Celestite replacements of evaporites in the Salina Group

Abstract Replacements of evaporites by celestite were discovered recently at three sites in northwestern Ohio. These replacements are more durable than the original evaporites and provide new paleoenvironmental data for the upper Silurian rocks of the region. The occurrences are situated along the western margin of the Ohio (Cayugan) Basin and appear in the Greenfield Dolomite and in undifferentiated Salina dolostones. The replacements include: lenticular and prismatic crystals of gypsum, nodules of anhydrite and laminar evaporites. The lenticular crystals contain inclusions of carbonate and anhydrite, and are believed to have altered to anhydrite prior to replacement. The prismatic crystals are exceptionally well-preserved, with euhedral, deeply embayed outlines and internally zoned growth bands containing large numbers of inclusions of dolostone and anhydrite. Optical data for the latter crystals indicate that they are oriented replacements of gypsum, and suggest that the original gypsum was unchanged prior to replacement. The nodular and laminar occurrences display features such as chicken-wire and enterolithic structures, and were comprised of anhydrite prior to replacement. Replacement postdates the dolomitization and cementation of the Salina sediments enclosing the evaporites, but occurred prior to deep burial. The rocks hosting the replacements, therefore, did not provide the strontium. The strontium may have been released from dolomitization of the underlying Lockport (Niagaran) beds or from dissolution of subaerially exposed Salina gypsum prior to the middle Devonian.
Menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive effects on triglyceride mobilization during exercise

We examined the effects of menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive (OC) use on triglyceride mobilization during 90 min of rest and 60 min of leg ergometry exercise at 45 and 65% peak O(2) uptake (Vo(2 peak)) in eight moderately physically active, eumenorrheic women (24.8 +/- 1.2 yr). Subjects were tested during the follicular phase (FP) and the luteal phase (LP) before OC use and during the inactive phase (IP) and high-dose phase (HP) after 4 complete mo of OC use. Glycerol rate of appearance (R(a)), a measure of triglyceride mobilization, was determined in a 3-h postabsorptive state using a primed constant infusion of [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H]glycerol. Before OC use (BOC), there were no significant differences between FP and LP in any of the variables studied. Dietary composition, exercise patterns, plasma glycerol concentrations, growth hormone concentrations, and exercise respiratory exchange ratio did not change with OC use. However, 4 mo of OC use significantly (P OC use > recent carbohydrate nutrition, menstrual cycle effects.
Chu spaces as a semantic bridge between linear logic and mathematics

The motivating role of linear logic is as a "logic behind logic". We propose a sibling role for it as a logic of transformational mathematics via the self-dual category of Chu spaces, a generalization of topological spaces. These create a bridge between linear logic and mathematics by soundly and fully completely interpreting linear logic while fully and concretely embedding a comprehensive range of concrete categories of mathematics. Our main goal is to treat each end of this bridge in expository detail. In addition, we introduce the dialectic lambda-calculus, and show that dinaturality semantics is not fully complete for the Chu interpretation of linear logic.
Persistence, adherence, and toxicity with oral CMF in older women with early-stage breast cancer (Adherence Companion Study 60104 for CALGB 49907)

ABSTRACT Background Cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (CMF) is often selected as adjuvant chemotherapy for older patients with early-stage breast cancer due to perceived superior tolerability. We sought to measure persistence with CMF, adherence to oral cyclophosphamide, and the association of these with toxic effects. Patients and methods CALGB 49907 was a randomized trial comparing standard chemotherapy (CMF or AC, provider/patient choice) with capecitabine in patients aged ≥65 with stage I–IIIB breast cancer. Those randomized to standard therapy and choosing CMF were prescribed oral cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 for 14 consecutive days in six 28-day cycles. Persistence was defined as being prescribed six cycles of at least one of the three CMF drugs. Adherence was the number of cyclophosphamide doses that women reported they had taken divided by the number prescribed. Persistence and adherence were based on case report forms and medication calendars. Results Of 317 randomized to standard chemotherapy, 133 received CMF. Median age was 73 (range 65–88). Seventy-one percent submitted at least one medication calendar; 65% persisted with CMF. Non-persistence was associated with node negativity (P = 0.019), febrile neutropenia (P = 0.002), and fatigue (P = 0.044). Average adherence was 97% during prescribed cycles. Conclusions Self-reported adherence to cyclophosphamide was high, but persistence was lower, which may be attributable to toxic effects.
Observations of plan-view sand ripple behavior and spectral wave climate on the inner shelf of San Pedro Bay, California

Abstract Concurrent video images of sand ripples and current meter measurements of directional wave spectra are analyzed to study the relations between waves and wave-generated sand ripples. The data were collected on the inner shelf off Huntington Beach, California, at 15 m water depth, where the sea floor is comprised of well-sorted very fine sands (D50=92 μm), during the winter of 2002. The wave climate, which was controlled by southerly swells (12–18 s period) and westerly wind waves (5–10 s period), included three wave types: (A) uni-modal, swells only; (B) bi-modal, swells dominant; and (C) bi-modal, wind-wave dominant. Each wave type has distinct relations with the plan-view shapes of ripples that are classified into five types: (1) sharp-crested, two-dimensional (2-D) ripples; (2) sharp-crested, brick-pattern, 3-D ripples; (3) bifurcated, 3-D ripples; (4) round-crested, shallow, 3-D ripples; and (5) flat bed. The ripple spacing is very small and varies between 4.5 and 7.5 cm. These ripples are anorbital as ripples in many field studies. Ripple orientation is only correlated with wave directions during strong storms (wave type C). In a poly-modal, multi-directional spectral wave environment, the use of the peak parameters (frequency, direction), a common practice when spectral wave measurements are unavailable, may lead to significant errors in boundary layer and sediment transport calculations.
Real-time depth warping for 3-D scene reconstruction

This paper explores a new depth-recovery technique targeted for two environments: visualization on non-regular screen surfaces, and real-time depth recovery in an unknown scene. The algorithm is based on the computation of pre-warped images that are projected into the scene and re-imaged by synchronized cameras. The real-time control of the pre-warp and the type of imagery projected into the scene allows for a novel solution that recovers scene geometry and can be used in both visualization (projection of imagery onto screen surfaces) and computer vision environments.
Biomechanical comparison of the Latarjet procedure with and without a coracoid bone block

The aim of this study was to biomechanically evaluate the Latarjet procedure, with and without a bone block, on glenohumeral range of motion, translation, and kinematics after creation of a bony Bankart lesion. Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested for range of motion, translation, and kinematics in 90° shoulder abduction in both the scapular and coronal planes with the following conditions: intact, Bankart lesion with 20 % glenoid bone loss, Latarjet procedure and soft tissue only conjoined tendon transfer. There was a significant increase in range of motion in both the scapular and coronal planes with both the Latarjet and conjoined tendon transfer compared to the intact state. The Latarjet procedure restored anterior and inferior translation in both planes. The conjoined tendon transfer restored anterior and inferior translation at lower translational loads, but not with higher loads. Both reconstructions shifted the humeral head apex posteriorly in external rotation. The increase in range of motion suggests that the Latarjet procedure does not initially over-constrain the joint. At higher loads, there was improved stability with the Latarjet procedure compared to the conjoint tendon transfer. Both Latarjet and conjoined tendon transfer procedures alter normal joint kinematics by shifting the humeral head apex posteriorly in external rotation.
Steering the Ship through Uncertain Waters: Empirical Analysis and the Future of Evangelical Higher Education

ABSTRACTLeaders of evangelical Christian colleges must navigate a challenging environment shaped by public concern about college costs and educational quality, federal inclinations toward increased regulation, and lingering fallout from the Great Recession. Proceeding from the premise that empirical analysis empowers institutional actors to lead well in uncertain times, this article examines four key areas—access, affordability, student outcomes, and financial sustainability—using publicly available data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Results for the evangelical segment and the wider private nondoctoral sector of American higher education are compared, and areas of relative strength and weakness are considered. To facilitate benchmarking by institutional research professionals, the article's appendix presents national longitudinal norms for both the evangelical segment and the private nondoctoral sector.
The 'Money Primary' and Political Inequality in Congressional Elections

In this study I examine three assumptions underlying the claim that campaign contributions skew political outcomes by advantaging those candidates more attuned to the interests of wealthy donors: that individual donations have a major effect on primary election outcomes; that donors are better informed than primary voters; and that donors have distinct expressed preferences in candidates. Analysis of ANES and U.S. House primary data indicates support for the influence of campaign donations and informational asymmetry, and mixed evidence that donors prefer different candidates than other voters.
Intensity of end-of-life care for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: Findings from a large national database.

BACKGROUND As the population ages, the prevalence of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) will increase, and many patients with MDS will require end-of-life (EOL) care. Little is known about the intensity of EOL care received by patients with these malignancies. METHODS Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database and standard EOL quality measures, we assessed the prevalence and predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the last 30 days of life, chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life, and hospice enrollment among MDS patients who were 65 years old or older and died between 2006 and 2011. RESULTS Of 6,955 patients, 28% were admitted to the ICU and 7% received chemotherapy near the EOL, while 49% enrolled in hospice. In multivariable models, patients dependent on red blood cell or platelet transfusions at the EOL were less likely to enroll in hospice (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.78). Nonwhite patients were less likely to enroll in hospice (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89) and more likely to be admitted to the ICU near the EOL (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38). Finally, the prevalence of hospice enrollment increased in later years (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The intensity of EOL care for patients with MDS varies but is potentially suboptimal with respect to the traditional measure of hospice use. The lower odds of enrollment for transfusion-dependent patients suggest that the current hospice model, which largely disallows transfusions, may not be meeting the palliative needs of this population. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
MP24-04 THE UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI PILUS USHER CONTROLS PROTEIN INTERACTIONS VIA DOMAIN MASKING AND IS FUNCTIONAL AS AN OLIGOMER

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, the microbiological confirmation of urinary tract infection (UTI) takes 2-3 days. Before the results are available, clinicians initiate treatment with antibiotics. These antibiotics are in many cases unnecessary, inefficient or cover a wider spectrum of microorganism than necessary and as results, the antibiotics resistance bacteria may be possible to produce. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) becomes a rapid tool of the identification of bacteria and yeast. Thus, we collected urine specimens and compared between the results of conventional confirmation and these of directly identification by MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS: Urine samples were gathered from patients with UTI symptoms processed by conventional culture between January and September 2015 in Kobe University Hospital. These specimens grow in culture and analyzed the conventional confirmation and MALDI-TOF MS identification by Vitek MS system (bioM erieux). According to the manufacture, a score 2.0 indicated species identification, a score between 1.7 to 2.0 indicated genus identification and a score of < 1.7 indicates no identification. RESULTS: We tested these specimens [gram positive rods (GPR): 3.48 %, gram positive cocci (GPC): 33.7 %, gram negative rods (GNR): 59.3 % and Candida species: 3.52 %] isolated by conventional confirmation. The bacteria isolated directly by MALDI-TOF MS ( 2.0) were 66.7 % of GPR, 24.1% of GPC, 70.6% of GNR and no Candida species, and the bacteria ( 1.7) were 66.7 % of GPR, 44.8 % of GPC, 88.2 % of GNR and none of Candida species from urine samples. The most relevant bacteria was Escherichia coli (34.9 %), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (8.14 %) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.14 %). CONCLUSIONS: MALDI-TOF MS showed high rate of accuracy about 90% for the identification of GNR, but not GPR, GPC and Yeast. This strategy could become a rapid (15 minutes per sample) and accurate diagnostic method of especially in GNR-causing UTI so far and further improvement is necessary for application to GPR, GPC and Yeast by for instance revised condition setting. This may accomplish a strong possibility to improve the adequacy of UTI treatment in terms of reducing the time of empiric antibiotic treatment or allowing for the earlier withdrawal of unnecessary antibiotics.
Further Developments in the Treatment of Fire- blistered Oil Paintings

The double portrait was painted in oil on very thin linen canvas, which in the course of time had become exceedingly brittle. There was the usual accumulation of grime and discolored varnish as well as a large cross-like tear. This puncture was probably the reason for its having been mounted to a rigid backing of 'Masonite' with a white-lead adhesive. The Masonite had been attached with the white-
TELOMERE LENGTH VARIANTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA RISK: IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL GLIOMA RISK LOCUS BY GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of glioma, has a median survival time of just 15 months. Both inherited and acquired genetic variation influence gliomagenesis. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered seven glioma risk loci, including two in genes involved in telomere structure and function (TERT and RTEL1). METHODS: To identify novel high-grade glioma risk loci, we performed SNP imputation and meta-analysis of genome-wide array data from The University of California, San Francisco Adult Glioma Study (AGS), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium (WTCCC) (1,013 cases and 6,595 controls). SNPs with P < 1.0x10-6 in the discovery meta-analysis underwent attempted replication in an additional 631 glioblastoma cases and 1141 controls from The Mayo Clinic and UCSF. To investigate potential functional mechanisms through which SNPs might promote gliomagenesis, we examined the relationship between mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and glioma risk loci using data from a recent GWAS of LTL (N = 37,684). RESULTS: One novel SNP association from the discovery phase meta-analysis met criteria for attempted replication. This SNP was significantly associated with high-grade glioma risk in the replication dataset (P = 3.4x10-3). The combined P-value for all 1644 cases and 7736 controls achieved genome-wide statistical significance (8.3x10-9). Glioma risk alleles in both our newly identified risk region and the known TERT risk locus were strongly associated with longer LTL (P < 5.0x10-8). In contrast, glioma risk alleles near RTEL1 were inconsistently associated with LTL and suggested the presence of distinct causal alleles underlying these two phenotypes. No other established glioma risk loci were associated with LTL. CONCLUSIONS: We identify a novel genome-wide significant association between a constitutive SNP and glioma risk. Because telomere maintenance is a universal requirement of oncogenic progression and telomere length displays substantial interindividual variability, telomere length is a promising epidemiologic risk factor for human cancers. We demonstrate that alleles in our novel locus and in TERT are associated with both longer mean LTL and with increased glioma risk. These results strongly implicate inherited variation near these two genes in facilitating gliomagenesis through a mechanism involving lengthened telomeres. SECONDARY CATEGORY: n/a.
A New Technique to Observe the Activity of Cambium Miners

One of the most difficult groups of forest insects to study consists of the leaf and cambium miners of the dipterous family Agromyzidae. Cambium miners feed in many hardwood species. Their activity causes streaks in the grain of the wood, and the common “pith fleck” can be observed in cross-sectional cuts. The feeding canal is often characterized by narrow, wavy, and colorless ridges on the xylem surface that become difficult to trace when hand peeling is attempted. Hand peeling of the bark from roots, boles, and branches is a time-consuming process and often results in the destruction of the canal and the larva. However, when living specimens are not desired, the observation of intact larval canals and larvae can be facilitated by an autoclave technique. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to trace the development of Phytobia in deciduous trees.
Investigation and Analysis of Food Poisoning in Guangzhou City Haizhu District from 2005 to 2008

OBJECTIVE Analysis of Guangzhou City Haizhu District from 2005 to 2008 cases of food poisoning. Search occurrence for the formulation of prevention and control of food poisoning and effective measures to provide a scientific basis. METHOD Descriptive analysis to Haizhu District from 2005 to 2008 cases of food poisoning by time of occurrence, pathogenicity factors, food poisoning, toxic places、 cause of poisoning. RESULTS A high incidence of food poisoning in the second quarter. Pathogenic factors mainly are microbial. Animal foods are the main food types of food poisoning. Canteens are the high incidence of food poisoning. Food poisoning mainly caused by pollution or deterioration of raw materials. CONCLUSION Food poisoning trend a year-on-year downward. But the situation is still grim. Occurrence for Haizhu District food poisoning to formulation of corresponding measures for prevention and control. To ensure the 2010 Asian games in food safety in Guangzhou.
Improving Patient Safety – One Standard at a Time:

Learning from the experiences of others is one of our most effective tools for improving patient safety. This column will inform readers about how various health care organizations have effectively...