cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reticulocyte lysate as a model system to study endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein degradation

Recent studies have revealed that rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) efficiently reconstitutes endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of mutant and misfolded membrane proteins. When supplemented with canine pancreas microsomal membranes, the RRL system faithfully carries out ER targeting, translocation, glycosylation, and membrane integration events and therefore provides a ready source of 35S-labeled protein with defined transmembrane topology. These substrates can be rapidly isolated in native ER membranes which, when incubated in RRL lacking exogenous hemin, are degraded in an ATP-dependent manner by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Because the newly translated protein is the only source of radiolabel, degradation can be followed to its end state by conversion into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptide fragments. A particularly useful aspect of this system is that both membrane-associated and cytosolic components are amenable to biochemical and pharmacological manipulation. Here we describe techniques for preparing translation- and degradation-competent RRL, affinity depletion, identification of cytosolic factors involved in degrading the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and reconstitution of ERAD by add-back of purified recombinant proteins. These techniques provide a powerful tool for dissecting components involved in ubiquitination, degradation, and in particular, extraction of transmembrane ERAD substrates.
Treatment of malignant disease in trachea and main-stem bronchi by carbon dioxide laser

The use of the carbon dioxide laser to remove intraluminal malignant lesions of the trachea and main-stem bronchi is described. Forty-three patients, 30 men and 13 women from 23 to 79 years of age, have received from one to three laser treatments to provide an improved airway with relief of major respiratory tract obstruction. There has been one intraoperative death and there have been three immediate postoperative deaths. Improvement in respiratory status has been accomplished in all surviving patients and has persisted for from 1 to 36 months. The carbon dioxide laser treatment does not cure cancer but does provide an improved airway with low risk so that other treatment can be used. A major advantage of this form of treatment is decreased bleeding and the ability to provide an improved airway. The disadvantages are the necessity for general anesthesia and expense of the equipment.
The Authoritarian Dynamic: One Right Way: Fleshing Out the Portrait

By my account, authoritarianism is a fundamental predisposition concerned with minimizing difference, and constraining the individual freedom that tends to surround and confront us with different people, beliefs, and behaviors. It should dispose authoritarians and libertarians to widely varying reactions to racial diversity, political dissent, and moral deviance. That being so, the responses of our authoritarian and libertarian subjects ought to be spontaneously and readily distinguishable along these lines as, with very minimal prompting and guidance from their interviewers, they answer rather broad questions regarding themselves; their lives; their hopes, fears, and pride; and their feelings about race, politics, and morality (see Table 7.1). That is to say, even structured to the least degree possible by my preconceived notions, the content of these (approximately) natural conversations should, if I am correct, reveal stark differences between the authoritarian and libertarian subjects in the manner in which they think and feel about racial diversity, political dissent, and moral deviance. In this chapter, then, I examine the actual content of the in-depth interview discussions, dealing in turn with each of these three dimensions of racial, political, and moral intolerance. In each domain, I will report upon the size and consistency of any differences manifested between the authoritarian and libertarian subjects in their propensity to subscribe to certain ideas or to express certain beliefs about the world.
Independent control of function and chromatic dispersion in diffractive optical devices with metasurfaces (Conference Presentation)

Diffractive optical devices have many applications in various fields of optics. A fundamental property of all diffractive devices is their negative chromatic dispersion: a diffractive grating always disperses light in the opposite order compared to a refractive prism made of a material with positive (normal) dispersion. Unlike refractive devices, chromatic dispersion in diffractive devices stems from geometrical features, and cannot be controlled via the intrinsic material dispersion. In addition to the always negative sign, the amplitude of diffractive chromatic dispersion is set only by the function of the device. For instance, the angular dispersion of a grating is always given by dθ/dλ=tan⁡(θ)/λ (where θ is the deflection angle and λ is wavelength), or the focal distance dispersion of a diffractive lens is given by df/dλ=-f/λ. Therefore, the chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices has always been set by their function (e.g. by the deflection angle for a grating or the focal distance for a lens), and could not be controlled separately. Here, we present our work on breaking this fundamental relation between the function and chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices using metasurfaces providing independent control over phase and group delays. We use a reflective dielectric metasurface to experimentally demonstrate gratings and lenses that have positive, zero, and extraordinary negative chromatic dispersion. Apart from its fundamental scientific value, this concept expands the applications of diffractive devices as it enables various types of chromatic dispersions. For instance, a special case would be a dispersionless lens operating over a wide bandwidth with the same focal distance.
Profiles of On-the-Job Accommodations Needed by Professional Employees Who Are Blind.

This article presents five case studies of professional employees who are blind and the postemployment accommodations they needed in four areas: worksite accessibility, performance of essential job...
A rare case of gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) with gastric Helicobacter pylori-negative mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma

A 47-year-old African-American man presented to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. His symptoms were aggravated by eating. He reported 32 kg unintentional weight loss over 2 months’ period. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the epigastric region. Abdominal CT scan showed mural wall thickening involving the gastric antrum and pylorus (figure 1). Subsequent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a large mass occupying the gastric antrum (figure 2). Initial biopsy from the gastric mass showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Figure 1 (A) Coronal section of the CT abdomen with intravenous and oral contrast showing wall thickening at the level of the gastric antrum. (B) Axial section of the CT abdomen with intravenous and oral contrast showing wall thickening at the level of the gastric antrum and pylorus. Figure 2 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showing a mass in the gastric antrum (A. B. C: different views). The patient underwent partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy and the gastric specimen was examined. There was a transmurally invasive adenocarcinoma that has a remarkable variety of cell types and growth patterns, including tubular, mucinous, …
Gender differences in sleep disorders in the US military

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare sleep disorders between male and female military personnel. Comorbid behavioral health disorders and chronic pain were also studied in relation to sleep disorders. Design We conducted a retrospective review of military personnel who underwent a sleep medicine evaluation and an in-laboratory attended polysomnography. Initial sleep questionnaires, demographics, polysomnographic variables, and comorbid disorders of interest were reviewed and compared for each sex. Setting All patients were referred to the Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center Sleep Disorders Center for evaluation of sleep disturbance. Participants Our cohort consisted of 209 military personnel with 51.7% men. The cohort was relatively young with a mean age of 34.3 years. Men had a significantly higher body mass index at 29.4 vs 27.3 in women. Results Insomnia was diagnosed in 72 women and 41 men (P Conclusions Gender-related differences in sleep disorders are present in active-duty personnel. Behavioral health disorders were frequent comorbid disorders, and women diagnosed with both insomnia and OSA manifested greater psychiatric comorbidity. The frequent association between sleep and behavioral health disorders in military personnel requires further study.
OR2 Recipient NK cell receptor repertoire comprising activating KIR2DS5 and licensed KIR3DL1 is associated with improved chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) free survival when donor misses HLA-BW4 ligand

Aim Alloimmune responses manifesting as chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) limit long-term survival of lung transplant. Natural killer (NK) cells expressing an inhibitory KIR (iKIR) recognizing self-HLA can be activated when confronted with allograft lacking a ligand for that iKIR. Here we investigated if allograft missing ligand for recipient iKIR that had a cognate HLA ligand would enhance CLAD-free survival. We also analyzed the role of recipient’s activating KIRs (aKIR) on CLAD-free survival. Methods Using luminex rSSO methods, KIR and HLA genes were typed for 263 lung transplant recipients and HLA genes were typed for all donors. CLAD was determined by date of FEV1 or FVC drop to KIR-HLA genotypes. Results Bx KIR genotype recipients (i.e., carrying more a KIR s) had higher median CLAD-free survival than those carrying AA genotypes (Fig. A). Recipients with all 5 B haplotype-associated a KIR s ( 2DS1, S2, S3, S5, 3DS1 ) had enhanced CLAD-free survival relative to those missing one or more of these a KIR s. Particularly, recipients carrying 2DS5 showed enhanced CLAD-free survivals than those missing 2DS5 (Fig. B). Further, CLAD-free survival was higher for recipients carrying KIR3DL1 + Bw4 when donors missing Bw4 ligand (Fig. C). Allografts missing relevant ligands for recipients carrying 2DL1 + C2, 2DL2/L3 + C1, and/or 3DL2 + A3/A11 pairs were not associated with differential survival. Recipients with 2DS5, 3DL1, and Bw4 receiving donors missing Bw4 ligand showed the longest CLAD-free survival (p = 0.01, 9.2 median survival years; Fig. D). Conclusions Recipient NK cells expressing aKIRs and/or licensed KIR3DL1 may respond and deplete donor-derived antigen presenting cells that do not express Bw4 ligand, and thus impair direct allorecognition pathways which in turn delay CLAD. Functional studies will be required to understand the mechanism of KIR-HLA interactions in protecting from CLAD.
Semantic Non-factualism in Kripke’s Wittgenstein

Kripke’s Wittgenstein is standardly understood as a non-factualist about meaning ascription. Non-factualism about meaning ascription is the idea that sentences like “Joe means addition by ‘plus’” are not used to state facts about the world. Byrne and Kusch have argued that Kripke’s Wittgenstein is not a non-factualist about meaning ascription. They are aware that their interpretation is non-standard, but cite arguments from Boghossian and Wright to support their view. Boghossian argues that non-factualism about meaning ascription is incompatible with a deflationary theory of truth. Wright argues that non-factualism about meaning ascription is incoherent. To support the standard interpretation, I’ll respond to each argument in turn. To the degree that my responses are successful, Byrne and Kusch have an unmotivated interpretation of Kripke’s Wittgenstein. Wilson provides a factualist interpretation that is not based on Boghossian and Wright’s arguments. Miller argues for a non-factualist interpretation against Wilson, but I’ll show that Miller’s interpretation faces a dilemma. Miller’s argument cannot be maintained if a coherent interpretation of the skeptical solution is to be provided. I’ll show how this dilemma can be avoided and provide an independent argument against Wilson so that a non-factualist interpretation of the skeptical solution can be maintained.
Fertility information needs and concerns post-treatment contribute to lowered quality of life among young adult female cancer survivors

Cancer treatment may lead to premature menopause and infertility. Young adult female cancer survivors (YAFCS) are often concerned about their fertility and future family-building options, but research is limited on how concerns may affect more general quality of life (QOL) domains. This study examined how fertility factors relate to QOL among YAFCS who received gonadotoxic therapy. A national sample of YAFCS completed an online, anonymous survey. The survey included investigator-designed questions about perceived fertility information needs (five items; Cronbach’s α = .83) and general QOL (four items; α = .89), the Reproductive Concerns after Cancer Scale (RCACS) and Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Analyses included Pearson’s correlation, t tests, and stepwise regression. Participants (N = 314) were an average of 30 years old (SD = 4.1) and 5 years (SD = 5.4) post-treatment; 31% reported being infertile and 19% had undergone fertility preservation (FP). Overall, QOL was relatively high (M = 7.3, SD = 1.9, range 0–10) and did not vary by fertility status (t[272] = .743, p = .46), prior FP (t[273] = .53, p = .55) or sociodemographic/clinical factors (p’s > .05) except socioeconomic indicators (p’s < .05).In separate models, greater unmet fertility information needs (β = − .19, p = .004) and, among fertile women, greater reproductive concerns (β = − .26, p = .001) related to lower QOL. Among fertile women without prior FP, greater decisional distress about future FP related to lower QOL (β = − .19, p = .03). These preliminary findings suggest that unaddressed fertility information needs, concerns, and decision distress may affect general QOL among post-treatment YAFCS who hope to have children in the future. Future work should identify ways to optimally incorporate fertility counseling and support resources into survivorship care programs, including referrals to reproductive specialists as appropriate.
An Elementary Guide to Reliability, 4th Ed.

(1991). An Elementary Guide to Reliability, 4th Ed. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 267-268.
Joint asymptotic normality of granulometric moments under multiple structuring elements

Abstract For a binary image composed of randomly sized disjoint grains, morphological granulometries produce a pattern spectrum containing textural information that can be used for image classification, image segmentation and model estimation. It has been shown that as the number of grains per image increases, any finite collection of granulometric moments based on the same structuring element are jointly asymptotically normal with a known analytic form for the moments. However, many applications require the use of multiple structuring elements, for instance horizontal and vertical linear generators, to draw out important textural characteristics. In this work, we prove the joint asymptotic normality of granulometric moments from multiple structuring elements. We also derive analytic expressions for the asymptotic mean vector and covariance matrix of the granulometric moments, including the previously unknown off-diagonal elements of the asymptotic covariance matrix corresponding to granulometric moments from distinct structuring elements.
Metastable interlayer electrons in twisted and stacked van der Waals materials (Conference Presentation)

Recently, careful stacking of 2D materials and heterostructures has shown that new interlayer electronics state can have lifetimes that are orders of magnitude longer than present in the monolayer. Using time-space resolved ultrafast microscopy on individual 2D crystal grains, we show how long-range interlayer electronic coupling can be selectively enhanced either by applying an E-field or by twisting the layer stacking orientation. Considering first twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), we discovered how stacking-angle tunable absorption resonances form a strongly-bound exciton state as a consequence of the symmetrized rehybridization of constrained interlayer 2p orbitals. Using two-photon photoluminescence and intraband-transient absorption microscopies, we have recently imaged the photoemission and exciton dynamics from single-grains of tBLG. After resonant excitation, our results suggest the formation of strongly-bound (450-550 meV), stable interlayer exciton states. Unlike stacked graphene semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has diffuse interlayer d-orbital overlap that restricts interlayer mobility and exciton transport. To enhance interlayer electronic coupling in TMDCs, we apply an interlayer directed E-field, inducing electron-hole dissociation. We show that stacked WSe2 TMD devices can have both IQE >50% and fast (<50 ps) picosecond electron escape times. Using a first-principle kinetic master equation, our methods analytically extracts both the E-field-dependent interlayer escape velocity and rate-limiting exciton dissociation time. Remarkably our photocurrent response function produces the same E-field-dependent electronic escape and dissociation rates for both the optical and PC addressed ultrafast measurements. As confirmation, the resulting ratio of the electronic rates accurately matches our overall WSe2 device IQE in the intensity limit of zero Auger recombination. Thus through time-space resolved microscopy, we now obtain a timeline selective to the interlayer electronic dynamics of TMDCs and tBLG van der Waals materials. We show how this novel scanning microscopy approach, combines ultrafast photocurrent and transient absorption to identify new long-lived and metastable interlayer electronic states in emerging twisted and stacked 2D materials and devices.
Oxygenases and Oxidases:Hypothesis

I thank Professors Sund and Ullrich for their kind invitation to join this celebration of Otto Warburg’s 100th birthday. It is now more than 50 years since he and Negelein established cytochrome a3 as the “oxygen transporting” or autoxidizable component of the respiratory chain (Warburg and Negelein 1928), laying foundations for the modern structure of bioenergetics (Keilin 1966). Twenty-five years later, a new mode of dioxygen utilization was discovered (Mason et al. 1955; Hayaishi et al. 1955) and the number and variety of known biological dioxygen activation reactions greatly increased. The chemical biology of dioxygen is now very diverse and involves intercession of many dioxygen binding and activating proteins (Keevil and Mason 1978; Mason 1981).
A Lightweight and Transparent Compensation Mechanism for Fog-Cloud Storage Framework

Fog-cloud storage is an emerging concept to challenge one significant limitation of the central cloud storage of the future; high latency. In order to promote the broad adoption of fog-cloud storage concept, it is crucial to have a practical compensation scheme for the storage service providers. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such mechanism has been introduced in the literature so far. This paper introduces a transparent and efficient compensation mechanism for the fogcloud storage service providers of the for-cloud storage system proposed by Kim et. al. The proposed system has three main advantages. First, its compensation mechanism for the network data storage service is transparent to users in a sense that any end-user device, which can access a cloud storage, can use the payment scheme without any modification on the enduser device, and does not need to know the existence of any fog storage provider. Second, only two different types of lightweighted cryptographic computations, hash computation and symmetric encryption, are used in the proposed system. Last, only small amount of messages need to be exchanged to implement our system. This paper also provides a rigorous analysis of the correctness of the proposed system.
Exploratory Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Days Based on Cancer Patients in China

Cancer (re)admission time interval, or Out-of-Hospital Days (OHD) between two consecutive hospital (re)admissions, is commonly considered as an indicator of health service quality. Despite its importance, the risk factors of OHD are largely unknown because of limited access to cancer patients’ data and the lack of relevant characteristics (e.g., geographic factors) in the data. To explore the association between patients’ conditions and readmission events, we analyze a sample of 22,231 admissions (OHD>30), consisting of demographic, medical, and financial factors, extracted from Electronic Health Records (EHR) of 635,261 cancer patients from 190 hospitals in China. Geographic factors are also included by applying text mining to the free-form address fields of patients’ homes and hospitals. Using hierarchical linear regression, we find that various factors significantly influence OHD: age, marital status, number of admissions, and whether the treating hospital is in the same province as the patient’s home address.
Development of quality measures for use of self-injectable biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: An integrated specialty pharmacy initiative

Purpose The development of a tool to measure medication safety, therapeutic efficacy, and other quality outcomes in patients receiving self-injectable biologic therapy for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at a health-system specialty pharmacy is described. Summary Through a collaborative initiative by pharmacists, gastro-enterologists, and representatives of a pharmacy benefit manager and a pharmaceutical company, a set of clinical and specialty pharmacy quality measures was developed. The clinical measures are intended for use in assessing patient safety, disease status, treatment efficacy, and healthcare resource utilization during 3 assessments (pre-treatment, on-treatment, and longitudinal). The specialty pharmacy measures can be used to assess medication adherence, medication persistence, specialty pharmacy accreditation, and patient satisfaction. The proposed quality measures provide a foundation for evaluating the quality of IBD care and improving patient outcomes within a health-system specialty pharmacy. Future efforts to validate and implement the tool in clinical practice are planned. Conclusion The proposed quality measures provide a foundation for future inquiry regarding the appropriateness and feasibility of integrating the measures into clinical care. Further work is needed to implement and validate these quality measures and determine their impact in optimizing health outcomes.
Automated molecular-image cytometry and analysis in modern oncology

Diagnostic methods for initial diagnosis and patient stratification for treatment are key to modern oncology, but many challenges remain. In developed countries, advances in early diagnosis and therapeutics have led to challenges in the sampling of sub-centimetre lesions, with repeat biopsies straining accuracy and throughput of pathological assessment. Conversely, low-income and middle-income countries face extremely limited pathology and imaging resources, large caseloads, convoluted and inefficient workflows, and a lack of specialists. Advances in material sciences, chemistry, engineering and artificial intelligence have led to the introduction of a new class of affordable image cytometers that enable automated cell phenotyping, with ongoing clinical testing indicating that these systems can alleviate existing bottlenecks and improve diagnostic efficiency. Ultimately, these diagnostic methods are likely to surpass current pathology approaches on the basis of the richness of molecular measurements and the fact that they require only scant cellular material, rather than tissue sections. As these methods can be miniaturized and are low-power, they can also be used in point-of-care settings. In this Review, we focus on new devices and approaches for the integrated analysis of scant cancer samples, particularly those obtained by fine-needle aspiration. Over the past five years, advances in materials science, chemistry, engineering and artificial intelligence have yielded a new class of affordable image cytometers for automated single-cell phenotyping of scant samples. In this Review, these technologies are introduced and their potential molecular-diagnostic roles in resource-limited oncology settings are discussed.
M&A Project Management & Governance: The M&A Playbook

M&A initiatives are typically highly complex: Internal capabilities might be supplemented by external expertise, for example, by insourcing consulting or investment banking services. Cross-border deals involve multi-country settings with the risk of culture clashes. Besides, the combination of two companies with different origins is per se an endeavour. Nevertheless, transactions are in the end also simply projects: The starting point of a dedicated M&A project within the Enbedded M&A Strategy phase is as soon as a specific target is chosen to be in detail investigated, typically triggering an indicative offer. The end point is the post-mortem report of the Integration Management. Each transaction has to be orchestrated by a fast, robust and high quality M&A Process Management. On a higher, tacit knowledge level, the M&A Process Management builds a bridge between the early stage diagnostics of M&A capabilities up to the institutionalized fostering of the in-house M&A knowledge after every transaction. As discussed in Chap. 3, transactions have foremost a significant impact on the acquirer’s financials, valuation and strategy. This triggers a significant C-level exposure. Project Governance, Compliance and an orchestrated Process Management with clear-cut milestones and board approvals are therefore mandatory. New vibrant ecosystems and business strategies revitalizing corporate portfolios will challenge the M&A department environment of the 20s. A canvas of likely necessary M&A capabilities and potential designs of the future M&A organization is therefore part of this chapter. Additionally, digital solutions and new technologies, like big data, machine-learning algorithms or AI will revolutionize the M&A market, capabilities and tools. The final subchapter tries to give an outlook on how these technologies might be applied to improve speed, quality, robustness and efficiency of M&A transactions in the 20s.
Transnational Feminism and the Policing of Muslim Women’s Bodies: Implications for Therapy

The various types of feminisms around the world have implications for the way oppression is defined and what can be done to resist it. This article explores common dilemmas within transnational fem...
Do Democratic Principles Constrain the Effectiveness of Elite Cues on Election Rules

The public’s perception of the fairness of an election rule is an important determinant of popular support for that rule. Thus, the public’s fairness principles might act as a constraint on party elite attempts to manipulate election rules for their own electoral benefit. However, if party elites are able to influence what the public considers fair, the effectiveness of this constraint would be limited. This paper posits two possible mechanisms by which this elite influence could function. First, elites could change the public’s perception of whether a given fairness principle applies to a given election rule. Second, elites could attempt to directly change which fairness principles people prioritize or endorse. This study tests both mechanisms using survey experiments, finding that elites are able to influence opinion on voting policy issues even when their messages use inapplicable principles. However, elites are unable to directly affect the democratic principles that citizens prioritize.
What is the role of stem cell therapy in the treatment of anal incontinence

Cell-based therapies for anal incontinence have been investigated for over a decade with preclinical and clinical studies reporting encouraging results (1-7). We read with great interest the new report of de la Portilla et al. (8). In this well-conducted triple blinded randomized controlled trial, the authors did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences in functional scores (Jorge-Wexner score being the primary outcome), manometric, or ultrasonographic parameters between patients injected (under ultrasound control) with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells or a placebo for an anal sphincter defect.
Formal verification of semi-algebraic sets and real analytic functions

Semi-algebraic sets and real analytic functions are fundamental concepts in Real Algebraic Geometry and Real Analysis, respectively. These concepts appear in the study of Differential Equations, where the real analytic solution to a differential equation is known to enter or exit a semi-algebraic set in a predictable way. Motivated to enhance the capability to reason about differential equations in the Prototype Verification System (PVS), a formalization of multivariate polynomials, semi-algebraic sets, and real analytic functions is developed. The way that a real analytic function behaves in a neighborhood around a point where the function meets the boundary of a semi-algebraic set is described and verified. It is further shown that if the function is assumed to be smooth, a slightly weaker assumption than real analytic, the behavior around the boundary of a semi-algebraic set can be very different.
Factors cultivating well-being of women religious in ministry and their resonance with research on the workforce

Using Thematic Analyses the experiences of thriving in ministry were explored across generations of Catholic women religious (N = 1116). Participants responded to open-ended questions regarding the...
Latent heat method to detect melting and freezing of metals at megabar pressures

The high-pressure melting curves of metals provide simple and useful tests for theories of melting, as well as important constraints for the modeling of planetary interiors. Here, we present an experimental technique that reveals the latent heat of fusion of a metal sample compressed inside a diamond anvil cell. The technique combines microsecond-timescale pulsed electrical heating with an internally heated diamond anvil cell. Further, we use the technique to measure the melting curve of platinum to the highest pressure measured to date. Melting temperature increases from $\ensuremath{\approx}3000$ K at 34 GPa to $\ensuremath{\approx}4500$ K at 107 GPa, thermodynamic conditions that are between the steep and shallow experimental melting curves reported previously. The melting curve is a linear function of compression over the 0--20 % range of compression studied here, allowing a good fit to the Kraut-Kennedy empirical model with fit parameter $C=6.0$.
A new role for visual experience in top-down cortical development.

In this issue of Neuron, Ibrahim et al. (2021) examine the rules by which top-down connections are made on visual cortical layer 1 interneurons, discovering activity-dependent cooperative interactions with visual input that are specific to neurogliaform cells and anterior cingulate cortex.
Improving the performance of solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) cells with spectral selected absorbers and small apertured radiation shields

Abstract An integrated analysis considering radiative energy transport among each component and carrier generation in the photovoltaic (PV) material is established for solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) devices. STPV has been estimated with previous thermodynamics analysis to provide up to ∼85% solar energy conversion efficiency (ECE) because of its capability to convert broadband solar radiation to narrowband thermal radiation that can be fully used with PV materials. However, in previous demonstrations, the ECE of STPVs is less than 10%, even with ∼200 solar radiation concentrations. Based on our analysis, the maximum ECE of STPV without any radiation heat loss control is nearly zero when the solar concentration ratio is 1 and is ∼18.78% when the solar concentration ratio is 1000. Maximum ECE of STPV with spectral selected absorber optimized for 1000 K level temperature, which has been proposed in recent STPV studies, can be ∼9.56% when the solar concentration is 1 and can be ∼31.72% when the solar concentration ratio is 1000. Maximum ECE of STPV with our proposed multi-layered radiation shield to prevent radiative heat loss from the STPV to the ambient can provide ECE up to ∼9.53% and ∼57.02%, when the solar concentration ratio is 1 and 1000, respectively. When we combine both the spectral selected absorber and our designed radiation shield, the ECE value of STPV can be up to ∼20.65% and ∼59.23% when the solar concentration ratio is 1 and 1000, respectively. It is also observed that a ∼1 µm level bandwidth of photonic crystal (PhC), a device that can control the emission bandwidth, is required for STPV to achieve high ECE under each solar concentration ratio with difference radiative heat loss control.
Nonlinear Behavior of Polyisobutylene Solutions

Experiments on various histories of simple shear were obtained with a polyisobutylene solution. A possible inadequacy of the BKZ theory is presented, together with a modified theory whose predictions are in agreement with the experimental data.
Glutamate overcomes the salt inhibition of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.

Abstract Even though Escherichia coli can grow in media containing up to 1 M NaCl, one-fifth that amount of NaCl will completely inhibit the in vitro activity of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. It has been established that the major intracellular ionic osmolytes are potassium and glutamate (Richey, B., Cayley, D. S., Mossing, M. C., Kolka, C., Anderson, C. F., Farrar, T. C., and Record, M. T., Jr. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7157-7164). We have found that holoenzyme catalyzes replication efficiently in vitro in up to 1 M potassium glutamate. Two salt effects on the replication of single-stranded DNA were observed. At low salt replicative activity was enhanced and at high salt there was anion-specific inhibition. We have found that DNA polymerase III holoenzyme tolerated 10-fold higher concentrations of glutamate than chloride. The ability of various anions to extend the useful range of salt concentrations followed the order: phosphate less than chloride less than N-Ac-glutamate less than acetate less than glycine less than aspartate less than glutamate. With the exception of phosphate, this order followed the Hofmeister series indicating that the anion-specific effects were due to anions interacting at the protein-water interface at weak anion binding sites. Glutamate did not reverse the inhibition by chloride. The low salt enhancement and high salt inhibition effects were additive for the two anions indicating that they competed for common anion binding sites. The major salt-sensitive step was holoenzyme binding to template rather than the subsequent elongation reaction.
El papel de las víctimas en los procedimientos ante la Corte Penal Internacional: sus derechos y las primeras decisiones de la Corte

Numero 5 • Ano 3 • 2006 ■ Para sorpresa de todos, incluso de los pronosticos mas optimistas, la Corte Penal Internacional (en adelante “la CPI” o “la Corte”) es hoy una realidad; y es que a menos de ocho anos de adoptado el Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional (en adelante “el Estatuto de Roma” o “el Estatuto”) ya ha comenzado sus primeras investigaciones y se enfrenta hoy ante el inicio de su primer caso. Ante esta situacion, se hace necesario abordar uno de los temas mas innovadores de este naciente sistema de justicia penal internacional: los derechos de las victimas en los procedimientos de la Corte. Para ello, este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo brindar al lector una vision general sobre el papel de las victimas y la interpretacion que de esta ha realizado la Corte en sus primeras decisiones. El reconocimiento de los derechos de las victimas representa uno de los mayores avances de la justicia penal internacional producto del establecimiento de la CPI, estos representan una novedad y un gran reto al cual se ha enfrentado ya la Corte en sus primeras actuaciones. Sin embargo, poco se ha escrito sobre el tema, aunque cada dia se reconoce mas su importancia en el discurso de los propios funcionarios de la CPI y por aquellos estudiosos del derecho penal internacional. Con la intencion de facilitar el entendimiento del papel de las victimas en el sistema de justicia de la CPI, propongo en un primer lugar detallar cuales son los derechos que se establecieron en el Estatuto y demas normas aplicables a los procedimientos de la Corte, asi como la interpretacion que de estos ha hecho la Corte en sus primeras decisiones, para en un segundo lugar, abordar la organizacion que ha adoptado la misma para dar cumplimiento al importante mandato que esta tiene frente a las victimas de aquellos crimenes considerados los mas graves contra la humanidad. EL PAPEL DE LAS VICTIMAS EN LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS ANTE LA CORTE PENAL INTERNACIONAL: SUS DERECHOS Y LAS PRIMERAS DECISIONES DE LA CORTE
Service Learning and the Core Curriculum: Two Models for Doing Theology as Service Learning in the Core

In principle, theology ought to play a decisive role in the mission and identity of Catholic colleges and universities, but theology’s role often comes under fire from students and other constituencies who consider theology an uncritical intrusion into the curriculum or a holdover from a bygone era. This essay reflects on the role of theology in the core curriculum by refl ecting on the merits of implementing two well-researched but distinct models of service learning (long-term local and short-term international). When executed properly, both proposed models help further the mission of Catholic colleges and universities by fostering student agency and critical engagement. Through service learning, students become agents of change and recovery in the broader community while the service-learning environment serves as a laboratory in which the truth claims of the tradition are tested. In a service-learning approach to theology, fear about the uncritical nature of theology are mollifi ed as students become empowered to carefully and creatively engage the tradition from both an historical perspective and from the perspective of a lived commitment.
Heritage Tourism and Nation-State Political Power: Interpretive Trails of the Gyalrong People, Sichuan, China

AbstractIn China, conservation of minority heritage has been closely related to tourism development. Ecomuseums have also become a new model which serves to satisfy two major tasks: minority heritage protection and tourism development. In this paper, I explore how trails are planned in Gyalrong people's villages under the mode of ecomuseum. Through interviews and field survey in several villages, including review of three major tourism plans and proposals from local officials, I compared trails that were constructed by local ethnic groups with trails that are currently planned predominantly by the government. Through this comparison, I found that there are conflicts and an unbalanced relationship between the ethnic groups and the government. Furthermore, I emphasize the ways in which the philosophy of the ecomuseum is displaced and modified in the context of Chinese society. In conclusion, I point out problems faced by local ethnic communities as they find their way to achieving sustainable development un...
A Satisfiability-Based Approach to Abstraction Refinement in Model Checking

Abstract We present an abstraction refinement algorithm for model checking of safety properties that relies exclusively on a SAT solver for checking the abstract model, testing abstract counterexamples on the concrete model, and refinement. Model checking of the abstractions is based on bounded model checking extended with checks for the existence of simple paths that help in deciding passing properties. All minimum-length spurious counterexamples are eliminated in one refinement step by a procedure that combines the analysis of the conflict dependency graph produced by the SAT solver while looking for concrete counterexamples with an effective abstraction minimization procedure.
Electron microscopical studies of frozendried yeast. II. The nature of basophile particles and vesicular nuclei in Saccharomyces.

Abstract Haploid and diploid vegetative nuclei of Saccharomyces were stained selectively for basophilia after post-fixation in vacuo with anhydrous, vapor reagents specifically effective for proteins and polypeptides and studied in conjunction with enzymatic and other controls. The nuclei cleave simply by elongation and medial constriction of hour-glass forms with no indications of a spindle apparatus or resolvable chromosomes with classical morphological attributes, or a breakdown of the nuclear boundary at any time until final cleavage. Instead, the nuclear contents are particulate, measuring about 50–80 A and seemingly dispersed at random in most sectioning planes, but frequently detectable as short rows streaming into the developing daughter nucleus. Association of these particles with faintly stainable submicroscopic cords of anastomotic form in sections is detectable; one or two peripheral clusters of similar particles, of hitherto undetermined function, occur in the dividing nucleus regardless of haploidy or diploidy. No organization of obviously light microscopically resolvable dimension occurs in the nucleus. Integrity of the particulate matter in the nucleus is destroyed or very greatly reduced by DNA-ase, but preserved after RNA-ase. The latter abolishes basophily of the dense deposits of ribosomes in the cytoplasm with the exception of a small resistant fraction mostly in the vicinity of the nucleus. These resistant particles are not seen in specimens subjected successively to both the nucleic acid depolymerases. The cytogenetical implications of these findings are discussed very briefly in view of Mendelian heredity established in yeast, and in terms of an evolution of cytogenetical mechanisms.
Stereochemical Nonrigidity of Organometallic Complexes

Compounds that undergo intramolecular rearrangements at rates that affect the NMR line shapes in generally accessible temperature ranges are described as stereochemically nonrigid. Analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as a function of temperature often allow the rates, as well as the mechanisms of interconversion of conformers or isomers, to be determined. Examples were selected to illustrate the importance of stereochemical nonrigidity in reactivity and the potential for affecting stereochemistry in the products of reactions. Keywords: fluxional; stereochemically nonrigid; dynamic NMR; stereodynamics; DNMR; EXSY; NMR; atropisomers; nonrigid stereochemistry; conformation interconversion
System CaO–MgO–SiO2

The main focus in this chapter is on the enstatite-diopside join, which includes petrologically most important compositions in the CMS system, and is, undoubtedly, the most thoroughly investigated binary join in the experimental petrology. The earlier investigations concentrated mainly on the subsolidus phase relations since the data of Davis and Boyd [155] suggested that the compositions of the coexisting orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene are primarily temperature dependent and thus suitable as a geothermometer. The first experimental data at 1 atm were reported by Atlas [91], Boyd and Shairer [118], Kushiro [287], Yang and Foster [469], and Yang [468]. Later studies at 1 atm were conducted to elucidate the stability of the second field of orthopyroxene found at high temperatures [99, 172, 253, 305]. First subsolidus data at high pressures were reported by Warner and Luth [439], Mori and Green [329], and Lindsley and Dixon [296]. A good summary of these studies was given by Carlson [132] and Carlson and Lindsley [134].
Temperamental risk factors for children’s unintentional injury: the role of impulsivity and inhibitory control

Previous research suggests both high temperamental impulsivity and low temperamental inhibitory control contribute to children's risk for unintentional injury, but attempts to distinguish the relative contributions of the two constructs are lacking. A multi-method approach was used to assess temperamental impulsivity and inhibitory control and identify links between temperament and unintentional injury history. Parent-report, self-report, and behavioral measures of temperament were collected from a sample of 57 six-year-olds. Parents reported children's injury history. The strongest predictor of injury was parent-reported effortful control. Implications for both temperament theory and injury prevention are discussed.
The effect of solid film lubricants on the stability of rolling element bearings

A technique has been developed for modeling solid films in rolling element bearings. For a given bearing geometry an effective viscosity can be calculated for a solid film as a function of the film shear modulus and ball-race friction coefficient. The calculated effective viscosity can subsequently be used as an input to a numerical model of cage motion and stability. Results from a sample calculation of effective viscosity and prediction of cage stability for a turbopump bearing are presented for films of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and polytetrafluoroethylene ()PTFE).
INHERITANCE OF FIRMNESS IN RAW CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) FRUIT

Inheritance of raw cucumber fruit texture (Magness-Taylor Fruit Pressure Tester firmness) was investigated over a 4-year period from 1971–1974. Results from 2 separate but related experiments suggested that firmness was quantitatively inherited with sufficient additive effects to permit gain from selection. In a selection study within 4 F2 populations derived from crosses between ‘firm’ (‘Chipper’ and ‘Gy3’) and ‘soft’ (‘Mincu’ and ‘Green F’) fruit type cultivars, variation among and within F3 and F4 families was significant but overall family means were not significantly higher than the high parent in any of the 4 crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates for fruit texture were 0.80 in the ‘Mincu’ × ‘Chipper’ population and 0.77 in the ‘Green F’ × ‘Chipper’, ‘Mincu’ × ‘Gy3’, and ‘Gy3’ × ‘Green F’ crosses. In a separate experiment, generation means analysis was used to assess the mode of gene action in 2 crosses: ‘Green F’ × ‘Chipper’, and ‘Gy3’ × ‘Green F’. Additive genetic effects accounted for 98.8% and 99.3% of the total genetic variation within each cross, respectively.
Real-time interactive music in Haskell

Euterpea and UISF are two recently released Haskell libraries on Hackage that facilitate the creation of interactive musical programs. We show an example of using these two libraries in combination with Haskell's support for parallelism to create a complex application that generates music in real time in response to user input from MIDI controllers.
Nonlinear dynamic behavior of heated conical and cylindrical shells

Abstract The present analysis is to study the nonlinear vibration, deflection response and dynamic stability of elastic thin conical shells and thin-walled cylinders subject to time-dependent heating. A nonlinear shallow shell theory has been adopted. Two kinds of temperature change with respect to time were considered. In one case, the temperature function is a ramp-type, and in the other case, the temperature change is sinusoidal. The shells are simply supported and completely restricted at both ends. The Hamilton principle has been used in a direct sense to establish the final nonlinear differential equation of motion which assumes the Mathieu type. The postbuckling amplitude-frequency relationship was constructed to study the characteristics of vibration and dynamic stability versus temperature rise.
Local opsonization for apoptosis

Classical opsonins are serum proteins that coat microorganisms and particles so as to enhance uptake by macrophages. A recent Nature paper has identified a macrophage-derived opsonin for apoptotic cells.