cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cryoablation for accessory pathways located near normal conduction tissues or within the coronary venous system in children and young adults

Background Cryoablation may offer advantages over radiofrequency (RF) ablation for certain arrhythmia substrates, such as septal accessory pathways (APs). Data for young patients, especially regarding recurrence risk, require expansion. Objectives The purpose of this study was to study institutional outcomes for cryoablation of APs located in potentially difficult septal regions for children and young adults. Methods Cryoablation was attempted in 35 young patients (mean age 15.6 years) with 37 APs that were either close to normal conduction tissues or inside the coronary venous system. Outcomes were compared with previously published institutional data for RF ablation at these same locations. Results Acute cryoablation success was achieved for 29 (78%) of 37 APs. Apart from permanent PR prolongation in one case and right bundle branch block in one other, there were no detrimental effects on normal conduction. At median follow-up of 207 days (range 2–695 days), AP conduction recurred for 13 (45%) of 29 ablated APs. Younger patient age and midseptal AP location correlated with higher likelihood of recurrence. Acute success rates for cryoablation were similar to RF ablation in our laboratory, but recurrence rates were significantly higher ( P Conclusion Cryoablation yields acute success rates comparable with RF ablation for difficult septal APs in young patients. The risk of AP recurrence appears higher after cryoablation, although safety benefits may provide suitable compensation for this deficiency. Methods for creating more effective cryoablation lesions need to be explored.
Data transmission through a 1014-channel two-dimensional array wavelength demultiplexer

We demonstrate a 1/spl times/1014 channel wavelength demultiplexer with 50 GHz pitch and a 594 nm total bandwidth. The hybrid AWG/grating produced a 26/spl times/39 array of wavelength-demultiplexed spots measured by an InGaAs camera and by a scanned output fiber used to sample the output. Insertion loss was <10 dB for all channels measured within the 1270 nm to 1700 nm operating range (700 total channels). BER measurements show a 0.1 dB power penalty at 10 GB/s.
Ultrafiltrability of Plasma Urate in Man.

Summary and Conclusions1. Sera of nongouty and gouty human subjects were subjected to ultrafiltration by 2 different procedures. The urate concentration of ultrafiltrates obtained by means of a Simms-Sanders apparatus did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding sera, expressed as serum water. Low values obtained by the second method employed were found to be factitious. 2. The available data appear to justify the assumption that the plasma urate in man is virtually wholly filtrable at the glomerulus and that some 90% of the filtered urate normally is reabsorbed in the tubules.
Bibliometrics Study on Authorship Trends in Periodontal Literature From 1995 to 2010

Background: Biomedical research has grown considerably in the last few decades, and the authorship characteristics of the dental literature as a whole and of its specialty fields has changed significantly. Unfortunately, the bibliometrics of the periodontal literature have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the bibliometrics of periodontal literature, assessing the geographic origin, study design, and topics investigated in periodontal research published from 1995 to 2010.Methods: Articles published in periodontal journals during 1995 to 2010 were retrieved through hand search. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. The following variables were extrapolated from each article: number of authors, study design, topic investigated, financial support, and geographic origin. The general linear model assessed the influence of independent variables on number of authors per article, and χ2 test assessed the statistical difference of the variables over years 1995 to 2010.R...
Issues in the Use of Benchmarking by Church Leaders

ABSTRACT With church attendance falling, church leaders are searching for methods to reverse that trend. Benchmarking the practices of successful churches offers one such avenue. This article points to issues of internal and external fit which should be considered before those benchmarked best practices are implemented by church leaders.
In-situ TEM Studies of Nanoscale Cu Interconnects Under Thermal Stress

Thermal fatigue during processing of microelectronic devices is a general reliability issue of concern in the microelectronic industry. In particular, as devices continue to be downscaled, the relaxation mechanisms operating under thermal stresses are expected to change. In this study, the microstructure of 1.8 micron and 180 nm wide Cu interconnects was identified through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging. In addition, In-situ TEM heating, performed in both type of specimens, is used to observe the differences in dislocation dynamics under thermal stress. In-situ TEM observations show delamination and inhibited dislocation motion in 180nm Cu lines, whereas in 1.8 micron Cu lines, grain boundaries seemed to act as dislocation sources. These different deformation mechanisms are expected to have an impact on the thermal fatigue behavior of Cu interconnects as the scale of devices is brought below 100 nm.
Is teaching a profession: How would we know?

Is teaching a profession? This is an unprofitable formulation of the question. The concept of a profession is an ideal type (Haller & Strike, 1986). An ideal type will consist of a set of characteristics that specifies what constitutes a pure case (Hoy & Miskel, 1987). Among the characteristics that are often supposed to define professions are the possession of an esoteric knowledge base, a long and substantial amount of training required for entrance, the existence of a professional association that can speak authoritatively for the occupation, a code of ethics, significant professional autonomy, and a strong orientation toward service and client welfare. Such characteristics will be fully exemplified only by a few paradigm cases. The usual paradigm cases of professions are fee-for-services occupations such as medicine and law. Most cases of professions will lack some of these characteristics or possess them in lesser degree than these paradigm cases. These will be “quasiprofessions.” Teaching will be a quasi-profession since it will have some characteristics of a profession, but will have them to a lesser extent than the paradigm cases of professions. What do we gain by trying to decide if teaching really qualifies as a profession? Why not focus instead on a description of the characteristics that the occupation does have or should have?
Rescaling Temperature and Entropy

Temperature and entropy traditionally are expressed in units of kelvin and joule/kelvin. These units obscure some important aspects of the natures of these thermodynamic quantities. Defining a rescaled temperature using the Boltzmann constant, T′ = kBT, expresses temperature in energy units, thereby emphasizing the close relationship between temperature and energy. When temperature is rescaled, entropy must also be rescaled, S′ = S/kB. Rescaled entropy is dimensionless. Rescaling reveals that the Boltzmann constant (and the gas constant) can be viewed as unit conversion factors between two energy units, kelvin and joule. The machinery of chemical thermodynamics remains intact upon rescaling, inasmuch as T and S appear together. Similar to entropy, however, heat capacities become dimensionless upon rescaling. Rescaling provides several insights into the nature of thermodynamic quantities: temperature is a measure of energy intensity; entropy is a measure of distribution; heat capacity states the number of ...
Review of "Constraints on structural descriptions: local transformations by Joshi, A.K. and Levy, L.S." SIAM J. on Computing 6.2:272-284 June 1977

In [4] it is shown that when a set of constituent structure trees is specified by context sensitive rules applied solely as "node admissibility conditions" (cf. [3]) the set of corresponding terminal strings is nonetheless a context free language. In the paper under review, this result is extended to a more general class of node admissibility conditions comprised of Boolean combinations of contexts that analyze trees both horizontally and vertically. Linguists and others interested in formal language theory should find this article relevant.
Chemical scavenging activity of gaseous suppressants by using laser-induced fluorescence measurements of hydroxyl

We study the suppressant effectiveness of five different gaseous agents: N2, CO2, SO2, CF3Cl, and CF3Br. Laser-induced fluorescence is used to determine quantitative hydroxyl concentration profiles in opposed CH4/N2-air diffusion flames with and without suppressants. Measurements are made by using a nitrogen-diluted counter-flow flame with 1% inhibitor added to the air stream. Visual extinction limits are also determined for each suppressant to determine the percent inhibitor in the air stream required for flame extinction. The suppression capabilities of all five agents are compared based on relating laser-induced fluorescence measurements of OH concentration to the visual extinction limits. An inverse correlation is found between the percent reduction in total integrated OH number density and the visual extinction limit. This correlation provides an effective protocol that can thus be used for studying and comparing different fire suppressants.
High-resolution profilometry for improved overlay measurements of CMP-processed layers

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) processes are widely used in the semiconductor industry to enable multilevel device processing and smaller device features with smaller stepper lens depth of focus. However, CMP planarization of the wafers can lead to failure modes in stepper alignment and overlay measurements that rely on some topography for contrast. It is also been speculated that the CMP process, with its rotating pads that are wetted with polishing slurry, has a spreading or smearing effect on the overlay targets. Both these effects can lead to inaccurate and imprecise overlay measurements. In this paper, we present the results of measuring the depth and asymmetry of overlay targets post-CMP using a High Resolution Profiler. We find clear evidence of smearing in post-CMP overlay targets and discuss its impact on stepper registration error.
An introduction to tensor products with applications to multiway data analysis

Abstract The concepts of tensor algebra and vector space geometry provide a unifying framework for multilinear data analysis which simplifies notation and leads to economy of thought. Avoiding too much abstraction too soon in defining tensor products makes these concepts accessible. Examples are given of the use of tensor algebra in the analysis of bilinear and trilinear models arising in fluorescence spectroscopy.
Using High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements to Lower Triglyceride Levels in 10- to 19-Year-Olds

Background. Omega-3 fatty acids supplements lower triglyceride (TG) levels in adults; little pediatric information is available. We evaluated their effect in hypertriglyceridemic adolescents. Methods. Twenty-five patients aged 10 to 19 years with TG levels 150 to 1000 mg/dL were randomized to 6 months double-blind trial of Lovaza (~3360 mg docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid per day) versus placebo. Results. Baseline mean TG levels were 227 mg/dL (standard deviation = 49). TG levels declined at 3 months in the Lovaza group by 54 ± 27 mg/dL (mean ± standard error; P = .02) and by 34 ± 26 mg/dL (P = .16) in the placebo group. The difference in TG lowering between groups was not significant (P = .52). There were no between-group differences in endothelial function, blood pressure, body mass index, C-reactive protein, or side effects. Conclusions. High-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplements are well tolerated in adolescents. However, declines in TG levels did not differ significantly from Placebo in thi...
The effects of qualitative and quantitative variation in the US on individual components of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned behavior in rats

The form of rats’ Pavlovian conditioned responses to visual and auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) paired with a variety of unconditioned stimuli (USs) was examined in three experiments using direct behavioral observation techniques. In Experiment 1, the form of conditioned behavior occurring most frequently during later portions of the CS-US interval depended only on which of several appetitive USs was used, but the form of behavior occurring most frequently during early portions of the CS-US interval depended only on the nature of the CS. US-dependent behaviors resembled the response to the US, and CS-dependent behaviors resembled the original orienting response (OR) to the CS. In Experiment 2, the use of larger magnitude appetitive USs resulted in higher frequencies of US-dependent behaviors, but lower frequencies of CS-dependent behaviors in the presence of auditory and visual CSs. In Experiment 3, US-dependent conditioned behavior to auditory and visual CSs paired with shock was more frequent when high-intensity shocks were used, but CS-dependent behavior was more frequent when low-intensity shocks were used. These results suggested that Pavlovian conditioned responding may involve two independent types of behavior—one appropriate to the US and another based on the original OR to the CS.
Multi-physics simulations of fuel cells using multi-component modeling

Multi-physics simulations based on multi-component multi-solver modeling approach were performed for high-temperature fuel cells. The developed approach was primarily aimed at the design of complex multi-component engineering systems. It extends the libraries of earlier designed multi-physics system with component classes, which makes it particularly suitable for modeling of fuel cell systems. The C++ based class hierarchy enables simple implementations of different physical models based on general 3D PDE (partial differential equations) solvers, or simplified engineering 1D or 2D models. Simulations of solid-oxide fuel cells were performed using a combined transport solver in multi-species environment. The components included the PEN complex (anode, cathode, electrolyte), air/fuel channels, interconnects, seals and ambient environments. Species concentrations, mass, momentum, energy fluxes, and electric potentials were solved for different components. Models for unsteady fluid dynamics of species, heat transport, electrochemistry and electric currents were combined within different components and interfaced for common variables at the inter-component boundaries. The results include steady and unsteady distributions of temperature, species concentrations, mass fluxes and electric potential inside co-flow and cross-flow fuel cells with different number of channels.
Molecular Analysis of the Essential and Nonessential Genetic Elements in the Genome of Peanut Chlorotic Streak Caulimovirus

The DNA genome of caulimoviruses contains a set of essential genes: I (movement gene), IV (major capsid protein gene), V (reverse transcriptase gene), and VI (gene coding for a post-transcriptional activator of the expression of other virus genes). In peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus (PCISV), three ORFs, A, B, and C, are located between genes I and IV. They are dissimilar to other caulimovirus ORFs. ORF VII of PCISV is a homolog of ORF VII of soybean chlorotic mottle caulimovirus (SoCMV), but is not similar to the nonconserved ORF VII in other caulimoviruses. The sequence complementary to a portion of tRNA(Met), thought to be essential for the priming of minus-strand DNA synthesis in caulimoviruses, is located within the coding sequence of ORF A. To explore the functional significance of ORFs VII, A, B, and C, various mutations were engineered into an infectious DNA clone of PCISV. ORFs VII and B are shown to be dispensable, while ORFs A and C are essential. ORF C is a possible functional equivalent of gene III in other caulimoviruses. Sequences within ORF A that are required for efficient priming of minus-strand synthesis are likely to extend beyond the 12-bp tRNA-binding site. Complete deletion of ORF VII was correlated with severe symptoms, notably with the necrosis of apical meristems. Significance of these observations for the understanding of replication and pathogenesis of plant pararetroviruses and for the improvement of caulimovirus-based expression vectors is discussed.
Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Electrolytes

Work on synthesis and mechanical characterization of nanoscale organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) was supported by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Our research on electrochemical characterization of NOHMs was supported by the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences program (Grant DE-FG02-07ER46455)). JN acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Sustainable Materials IGERT fellowship program at Cornell.
Pneumotoxicity and pulmonary clearance of different welding fumes after intratracheal instillation in the rat.

The objectives of this study were to compare different welding fumes in regard to their potential to elicit lung inflammation or injury and to examine possible mechanisms whereby welding fumes may damage the lungs. Fume was collected on filters from conventional spray [mild steel (MS-SPRAY) or stainless steel (SS-SPRAY) electrode wire] or pulsed current [mild steel (MS-PULSE) electrode wire] gas-shielded metal arc welding. Rats were given one of the three welding fume samples by intratracheal instillation (1.0 mg/100 g body wt). Other rats received a relatively inert dust (iron oxide), a pneumotoxic dust (crystalline silica), or a vehicle control (saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 1, 7, 14, and 35 days postinstillation, and indicators of pulmonary damage [cellular differential, albumin, as well as, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), lactate dehydrogenase, and β-n-acetyl glucosaminidase release] were assessed. One day postinstillation, some evidence of lung inflammation (more neutrophils) was observed for all particle groups, while increased BAL TNF-α and IL-1β were observed only in the SS-SPRAY and silica groups. By 14 days, lungs appeared normal among the MS-SPRAY, MS-PULSE, and iron oxide groups. At 14 and 35 days postinstillation, elevated pulmonary responses persisted for the animals exposed to silica and the SS-SPRAY welding fume. By 35 days, however, the SS-SPRAY group approached control levels, while the injury induced by silica increased. Using magnetometric estimates of welding fumes, we observed that MS-SPRAY fume was cleared from the lungs at a faster rate than the SS-SPRAY particles. We have demonstrated that the SS-SPRAY fume has more pneumotoxicity than MS fumes. This difference may reflect a greater retention of the SS-SPRAY particles in the lungs and different elemental composition of the fume. The SS-SPRAY fume also had enhanced release of TNF-α and IL-1β from lung cells soon after fume instillation. In contrast, we saw no influence of the power supply on particle size, composition, or toxicity.
Two different genes coding for processable and nonprocessable forms of a viral envelope protein can account for the apparent hormonal stimulation of protein processing in W7MG1 lymphoma cells.

In the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-infected mouse T-lymphoma cell line W7MG1, glucocorticoid hormone regulates two aspects of MMTV gene expression: hormone stimulates MMTV gene transcription and increases the ratio of mature envelope proteins to envelope precursor protein produced. To separate these two effects and determine the mechanism by which hormone regulates the conversion of the envelope precursor Pr74 to the mature cleaved products gp52 and gp33, we constructed expression vectors in which the envelope gene is constitutively transcribed. Surprisingly, the envelope precursor protein Pr74 encoded by two independently isolated, allelic envelope genes behaved differently. Pr74-P (encoded by the ENV/P gene) was processed efficiently to the mature products gp52 and gp33, independently of the level of expression, hormonal induction of cellular genes, or the presence of other MMTV proteins. In contrast, under the same conditions, Pr74-N (encoded by the ENV/N gene) was not processed further despite be...
Unexpectedly low genetic divergences among populations of the threatened bog turtle ( Glyptemys muhlenbergii )

We used mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons to assess range-wide population structure and historical patterns of differentiation among populations of the bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii). This species is one of North America’s smallest and most endangered pond turtles, and is currently found in three largely disjunct groups of populations: in the southern U.S., in the northeast, and in the Finger Lakes and Lake Ontario Plains region of western and central New York State. All the New York sites and most of the northeastern sites were glaciated during the Pleistocene. We surveyed 2793 bases pairs of mitochondrial DNA spanning three genes (cytb, nd4, and d-loop) in 41 individuals from 21 populations throughout most of the bog turtle’s distribution. We found surprisingly low levels of divergence among populations, even in southern populations that have been hypothesized as refugia during times of climate change. Our data suggest populations of bog turtle’s suffered a bottleneck, followed by a rapid post-Pleistocene expansion into northern segments of the species’ range. We discuss historical changes in habitat availability and climate that may have influenced the historical deployment of lineages in this species, and possible life history traits and habitat dynamics that might also contribute to the overall low genetic diversity across its range.
Supporting multiple information-seeking strategies in a single system framework

This paper reports on an experiment comparing the retrieval effectiveness of an interactive information retrieval (IIR) system which adapts to support different information seeking strategies, with that of a standard baseline IIR system. The experiment, with 32 subjects each searching on 8 different topics, indicates that using the integrated IIR system resulted in significantly better performance, including user satisfaction with search results, significantly more effective interaction, and significantly better usability than using the baseline system.
HMB‐45 staining of dysplastic melanocytic nevi in melanoma risk groups

To evaluate the hypothesis that reactivity of the intradermal component of melanocytic nevi to the monoclonal antibody HMB-45 correlates with melanoma risk, dysplastic compound melanocytic nevi were examined for expression of the HMB-45 epitope in three subject groups differing in epidemiological risk for melanoma. The study groups consisted of 10 subjects with dysplastic nevi and a personal history of melanoma, 25 subjects with dysplastic nevi and a history of melanoma in one or more first degree relatives, and 15 population control subjects with sporadic dysplastic nevi. For each case, sections from one lesion, immunohistochemically processed for HMB-45 binding, were evaluated by two pathologists without knowledge of the clinical data. Of all dysplastic nevi, 98% showed diffusely positive cytoplasmic staining of the junctional nevomelanocytes and 90% had such positive staining of those cells within the superficial dermis. Nevus cells within the deeper dermis did not stain positively in any case. Furthermore, the data showed no differences in frequency, pattern, or intensity of HMB-45 reactivity between the subject groups. These observations indicate that evaluation of dysplastic nevi with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45, an apparent marker of proliferative or otherwise stimulated melanocytes, has no discriminating value for identifying subjects at increased historical risk for melanoma. The data, however, support the concept that so-called dysplasia within nevi, as defined by histologic criteria, actually represents the active or proliferative phase of melanocytic nevi.
Retributive support for international punishment and torture

This article tests the hypothesis that ordinary people favor punishing badly behaved foreign actors to make them “pay” for their crimes rather than purely to protect national security interests. In...
A fully balanced pseudo-differential OTA with common-mode feedforward and inherent common-mode feedback detector

A pseudo-differential fully balanced fully symmetric CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) architecture with inherent common-mode detection is proposed. Through judicious arrangement, the common-mode feedback circuit can be economically implemented. The OTA achieves a third harmonic distortion of -43 dB for 900 mV/sub pp/ at 30 MHz. The OTA, fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process, is used to design a 100-MHz fourth-order linear phase filter. The measured filter's group delay ripple is 3% for frequencies up to 100 MHz, and the measured dynamic range is 45 dB for a total harmonic distortion of -46 dB. The filter consumes 42.9 mW per complex pole pair while operating from a /spl plusmn/1.65-V power supply.
An mRNA Surveillance Mechanism That Eliminates Transcripts Lacking Termination Codons

Translation is an important mechanism to monitor the quality of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), as exemplified by the translation-dependent recognition and degradation of transcripts harboring premature termination codons (PTCs) by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. We demonstrate in yeast that mRNAs lacking all termination codons are as labile as nonsense transcripts. Decay of "nonstop" transcripts in yeast requires translation but is mechanistically distinguished from NMD and the major mRNA turnover pathway that requires deadenylation, decapping, and 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic decay. These data suggest that nonstop decay is initiated when the ribosome reaches the 3' terminus of the message. We demonstrate multiple physiologic sources of nonstop transcripts and conservation of their accelerated decay in mammalian cells. This process regulates the stability and expression of mRNAs that fail to signal translational termination.
Pyrolyzed, conducting kapton polyimide: An electrically conducting material

Polyimide was pyrolyzed in an argon atmosphere at 900°C for 1h. The room temperature conductivity of the polyimide gradually increased from 15 to 100 S/cm with increased pyrolysis time. Further increase in the pyrolysis time did not increase the conductivity. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the polyimide changed from pure insulator to conductor; detailed XPS spectra of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen 1s bands showed no further elemental decomposition of the polyimide at 900°C. The high temperature treatment results in internal rearrangement to form a large, dense heterocyclic network. The film probably consists of tiny conductive particles dispersed in an amorphous carbon matrix. The polyimide is placed between two quartz plates during pyrolysis; the resulting film is flat, has uniform conductivity, is nonbrittle, has high chemical resistance, and shows better mechanical strength than films pyrolyzed in free-standing conditions.
Comments on "Sources of failures and yield improvement for VLSI and restructurable interconnects for RVLSI and WSI: Part I&#8212;Sources of failures and yield improvement for VLSI"

Redundancy of both logic circuits and interconnections is the core principle of both RVLSI (Restructurable or Fault-Tolerant VLSI) and WSI (Wafer Scale Integration). For varying complexity and sizes of circuits different factors of redundancy are required. Effective use of redundancy requires understanding of the failures and failure modes at different stages of the processing and lifetime of VLSI and WSI circuits. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, sources of failures for MOS devices are discussed. Manifestations of physical failures are described. Use of redundancy for the yield improvement of VLSI circuits is explored through the use of a mathematical model. It is shown that interconnection density and pattern complexities around each section determines the effectiveness of yield improvement. In Part II (to be published in a forthcoming issue), programmable interconnect technologies are described to facilitate restructuring of VLSI and WSI circuits, in this case as they apply to yield improvement through the use of redundancy.
Effects of antihistamines on 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced depletion of serotonin in rats

This study investigated the effects of chlorpheniramine (CPA, 10-25 mg/kg), diphenhydramine (DIPH, 20 mg/kg), tripelennamine (TRIP, 20 mg/kg), and pyrilamine (PYRI, 20 mg/kg) on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 20 mg/kg 3 2)-induced hyperthermia and depletion of indoles in rat brains, on the uptake of serotonin and dopamine into rat synaptosomes, on the binding affinity of CPA for biogenic amine transporters in the synaptosomes of rat brain, and on the scavenging hydroxyl free radicals activity. Rats were treated with two injections of MDMA, CPA, DIPH, TRIP, PYRI, and saline, alone or in combination of MDMA with one of the antihistamines, 6 h apart and sacrificed 5 days later. Rectal temperature was measured prior to and hourly following the drug injections for 13 h. As compared to saline controls, MDMA increased body temperature and decreased levels of indoles, measured by HPLC, in several brain regions of rats. CPA attenuated and DIPH had no effect on MDMA-induced hyperther- mia, yet both attenuated the depletion of indoles, whereas PYRI and TRIP potentiated these effects. CPA inhibited the binding of ( 3 H)paroxetine and ( 3 H)nisoxetine to the synaptosomes of cerebral cortex and of ( 3 H)win 35,428 to the synaptosomes of striatum. CPA, DIPH, TRIP, and PYRI inhibited ( 3 H)serotonin uptake. CPA, PYRI, and TRIP, but not DIPH, scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Possible mechanisms of the different effects of the antihistamines on MDMA-induced hyperthermia and depletion of serotonin are dis-
DISGUST, VISIBLE VENERATION, AND ROSA PARKS: African American Visions of a Democratic America

Melissa Victoria Harris-Lacewell , Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004, 336 pages, ISBN: 0-691-11405-6, Cloth, $37.95. Barbara Ransby , Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003, 496 pages, ISBN: 0-8078-2778-9, Cloth, $34.95, ISBN: 0-8078-5616-9, Paper, $19.95. Ange-Marie Hancock , The Politics of Disgust: The Public Identity of the Welfare Queen . New York: New York University Press, 2004, 210 pages, ISBN: 0-814-736-580, Cloth, $60.00, ISBN: 0-814-736-70X, Paper, $20.00.
Turán's theorem for k-graphs

Let T(n, k, b) (T for Turan) denote the smallest q such that there exists a k-graph with n vertices, q edges, and no independent set of size b. Improved lower bounds are found for the function T.
Oxygen enhances phosphine toxicity for postharvest pest control.

Phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer Liriomyza langei Frick pupae, grape mealybug [Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)] eggs, and Indianmeal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)] eggs and pupae. In 5-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C, mortalities of western flower thrips increased significantly from 79.5 to 97.7% when oxygen was increased from 20.9 to 40% and reached 99.3% under 80% O2. Survivorships of leafminer pupae decreased significantly from 71.2% under 20.9% O2 to 16.2% under 40% O2 and reached 1.1% under 80% O2 in 24-h fumigations with 500 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C. Complete control of leafminer pupae was achieved in 24-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C under 60% O2 or higher. Survivorships of grape mealybug eggs also decreased significantly in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 2 degrees C under 60% O2 compared with the fumigations under 20.9% O2. Indian meal moth egg survivorships decreased significantly from 17.4 to 0.5% in responses to an oxygen level increase from 20.9 to 40% in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and reached 0.2% in fumigations under 80% O2. When the oxygen level was reduced from 20.9 to 15 and 10% in fumigations, survivorships of Indianmeal moth eggs increased significantly from 17.4 to 32.9 and 39.9%, respectively. Increased O2 levels also resulted in significantly lower survival rates of Indianmeal moth pupae in response to 24-h fumigations with 500 and 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and a complete control was achieved in the 1,000 ppm phosphine fumigations under 60% O2. Oxygenated phosphine fumigations have marked potential to improve insecticidal efficacy. Advantages and limitations of oxygenated phosphine fumigation are discussed.
The road to success with a mentor.

Abstract Mentoring is a valuable career development tool used to build nursing leadership skills. Our present nursing leaders must consider it their responsibility to mentor the novice leader of the future, just as they may have been mentored. During the mentoring process, the mentor will use the roles of teacher, counselor, intervenor, and sponsor to develop the protege. The mentor will facilitate the development of independence, self-confidence, job satisfaction, upward mobility, decision-making skills, and problem-solving skills in the protege. During this process the mentor and protege will move through three developmental phases. These phases include the first phase of recognition and development, the second phase of emerging protege independence, and the final phase of letting go. If the “fit” is right, the protege will experience the many positive outcomes. If the “fit” is not quite right, then the movement through the phases will be incomplete and the protege may not develop independence. The protege and the mentor may also experience a number of other negative outcomes, such as feelings of being over pressured or let down.
Do Programming Languages Affect Productivity? A Case Study Using Data from Open Source Projects

Brooks and others long ago suggested that on average computer programmers write the same number of lines of code in a given amount of time regardless of the programming language used. We examine data collected from the CVS repositories of 9,999 open source projects hosted on SourceForge.net to test this assumption for 10 of the most popular programming languages in use in the open source community. We find that for 24 of the 45 pairwise comparisons, the programming language is a significant factor in determining the rate at which source code is written, even after accounting for variations between programmers and projects.
Impact of Social Anxiety in a “Therapeutic Community”‐Oriented Cocaine Treatment Clinic

The authors assessed social-evaluative anxiety in 50 cocaine abusers attending an outpatient therapeutic-community (TC)-oriented clinic. This group-based modality presumes that the ability of clients to self-disclose is key to recovery. Fully half of the clients tested, some of whom had been attending treatment for a number of months, showed an elevation of social withdrawal and distress. Newcomers with higher social anxiety scores were less likely to drop out of treatment over the first 3 months, and self-reported level of social anxiety decreased over this time interval. These findings suggest that social anxiety may be an important consideration in treatment for cocaine abuse and that the rigors of a modified TC with intense focus on group involvement may reduce social anxiety.
Male House Wrens provide more parental provisioning to nests with a brighter artificial egg

ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that male birds could use eggshell color as a signal of the quality of their offspring to decide how much parental care to provide. Previous studies have found support for this hypothesis in bird species that lay blue eggs, but it has not been as thoroughly tested in species that lay brown eggs, such as House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon). In this species, brighter eggs are associated with greater female investment. We tested whether males responded to this potential cue. We experimentally manipulated clutch brightness by randomly adding a white or brown plastic egg to nests during incubation and then compared the male provisioning rates between those two treatment groups. Male House Wrens whose nests had received a white egg provisioned their nestlings at significantly higher rates than males whose nests had received a brown egg. These results suggest that male House Wrens pay attention to female investment when deciding how much energy to spend on nestling provisioning. Thi...
Looking in the Mouth for Noninvasive Gene Expression-Based Methods to Detect Oral, Oropharyngeal, and Systemic Cancer

Noninvasive diagnosis, whether by sampling body fluids, body scans, or other technique, has the potential to simplify early cancer detection. A classic example is Pap smear screening, which has helped to reduce cervical cancer 75% over the last 50 years. No test is error-free; the real concern is sufficient accuracy combined with ease of use. This paper will discuss methods that measure gene expression or epigenetic markers in oral cells or saliva to diagnose oral and pharyngeal cancers, without requiring surgical biopsy. Evidence for lung and other distal cancer detection is also reviewed.
Brand interactivity and its effects on the outcomes of advergame play

This study develops the concept of brand interactivity based on the characteristics and definitions of interactivity and applies it to advergames. Brand interactivity is significant in advertising research and practice because this concept extends the perspective of interactivity from media to brands. The results of an experiment indicate that consumers have more positive attitudes toward a brand and stronger purchase intentions when playing advergames with brand interactivity rather than without brand interactivity. As this study shows, the role of brand interactivity in advergames provides insights for advertising scholars and practitioners seeking ways to improve consumers’ experience with brands through interactive media.
Evidence for involvement of dual-function T cells in rejection of MHC class I disparate skin grafts. Assessment of MHC class I alloantigens as in vivo helper determinants.

The present study further characterizes the cellular mechanisms involved in the in vivo rejection of MHC class I-disparate skin allografts. Previously, we demonstrated that class I-specific rejection responses could result from collaborations between distinct populations of lymphokine-secreting T helper (Th) and lymphokine-responsive T effector (Teff) cells. In the present study, we have assessed the possibility that class I-specific rejection responses could also result from a second cellular mechanism involving a single population of dual-function Th/Teff cells that would not have any further requirement for cell-cell collaboration. Our experimental strategy was to determine the ability of MHC class I-allospecific T cells, in response to class I allodeterminants expressed on skin grafts, to provide help in vivo for activation of helper-dependent Teff cells. We found that class I anti-Kbm1-allospecific T cells would reject bm1 skin allografts, but would not generate help for the activation of helper-dependent effector cells that were specific for third-party skin allografts (e.g., grafts expressing Kbm6, Qa1a, or H-Y allodeterminants). This failure of anti-Kbm1 T cells to provide help in response to bm1 skin allografts was not due to an inability of lymphokine-secreting anti-Kbm1 Th cells to recognize and respond in vivo to Kbm1 allodeterminants expressed on skin, since lymphokine-secreting anti-Kbm1 Th cells were specifically primed in animals engrafted with bm1 skin allografts. Nor was any evidence found that this failure was due to active suppression of anti-Kbm1 helper activity. Rather, we found that anti-Kbm1 T cells consumed nearly all of the helper factors they secreted. Taken together, these results are most consistent with the in vivo activity of dual-function Th/Teff cells that consume the lymphokines they secrete. Thus, this study demonstrates that MHC class I-disparate skin allografts can be rejected by two mechanisms, depending on the ability of the allospecific Teff cell to secrete helper lymphokines. MHC class I-disparate grafts can be rejected by (a) class I-allospecific Teff cells that are unable to produce lymphokine but are responsive to exogenous T cell help; and (b) class I-allospecific dual-function Th/Teff cells that are able to both produce and consume soluble lymphokine.
An efficient method for computing the forward kinematics of binary manipulators

Binary actuators have only two discrete states (denoted '0' and '1'), both of which are stable without feedback. As a result, manipulators built with binary actuators have a finite number of states. Compared to a manipulator built with continuous actuators, a binary manipulator provides good performance, and is also relatively inexpensive. However, the number of states of a binary manipulator grows exponentially with the number of actuators. While this makes the calculation of its inverse kinematics quite difficult, the discrete nature of a binary manipulator makes it possible to compute its forward kinematics more efficiently than for a continuously actuated manipulator. By pre-computing all possible configurations of each module of a binary manipulator (a finite and usually small number) it is possible to compute the forward kinematics from a set of joint parameters without using any transcendental functions.
Mary Steichen Calderone (1904–1998): Advocate for Sex Education

The article celebrates the life and career of U.S. sex education advocate Dr. Mary Steichen Calderone who died in 1998, and it mentions how Calderone served as the medical director of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. medical services firm from 1953 to 1964.
GABAergic Signaling within a Limbic-Hypothalamic Circuit Integrates Social and Anxiety-Like Behavior with Stress Reactivity

The posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH) stimulates autonomic stress responses. However, the role of the PH in behavioral correlates of psychiatric illness, such as social and anxiety-like behavior, is largely unexplored, as is the neurochemistry of PH connectivity with limbic and neuroendocrine systems. Thus, the current study tested the hypothesis that GABAergic signaling within the PH is a critical link between forebrain behavior-regulatory nuclei and the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, integrating social and anxiety-related behaviors with physiological stress reactivity. To address this hypothesis, GABAA receptor pharmacology was used to locally inhibit or disinhibit the PH immediately before behavioral measures of social and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Limbic connectivity of the PH was then established by simultaneous co-injection of anterograde and retrograde tracers. Further, the role of PH GABAergic signaling in neuroendocrine stress responses was tested via inhibition/disinhibition of the PH. These studies determined a prominent role for the PH in the expression of anxiety-related behaviors and social withdrawal. Histological analyses revealed divergent stress-activated limbic input to the PH, emanating predominantly from the prefrontal cortex, lateral septum, and amygdala. PH projections also targeted both parvicellular and magnocellular peptidergic neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamus. Further, GABAA receptor pharmacology determined an excitatory effect of the PH on neuroendocrine responses to stress. These data indicate that the PH represents an important stress-integrative center, regulating behavioral processes and connecting the limbic forebrain with neuroendocrine systems. Moreover, the PH appears to be uniquely situated to have a role in stress-related pathologies associated with limbic-hypothalamic dysfunction.
Practicing autonomy: Zapatismo and decolonial liberation

ABSTRACTThe Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas has contributed to the construction of indigenous autonomy in Mexico, a process that shares similar features to the struggles of social movements throughout Latin America. This article examines how autonomy became a central demand for the Zapatistas, the practices that they have instituted, and the challenges they face. The analysis draws on recent debates over the political impact of indigenous movements, including the struggle for new models of post-liberal citizenship, the limitations of neoliberal multiculturalism, and the adoption of decolonial forms of resistance. The paper argues that Zapatismo can be understood as an expression of decolonial liberation in which autonomy is constructed through the recreation of social ties in local, national, and international spaces. In doing so, Zapatismo represents a political and theoretical shift that calls for greater attention to the processes and practices that can sustain autonomy.
When the Eye Listens: A Meta-analysis of How Audio-visual Presentation Enhances the Appreciation of Music Performance

the visual component of music performance as experienced in a live concert is of central importance for the appreciation of music performance. However, up until now the influence of the visual component on the evaluation of music performance has remained unquantified in terms of effect size estimations. Based on a meta-analysis of 15 aggregated studies on audio-visual music perception (total N = 1,298), we calculated the average effect size of the visual component in music performance appreciation by subtracting ratings for the audio-only condition from those for the audio-visual condition. The outcome focus was on evaluation ratings such as liking, expressiveness, or overall quality of musical performances. For the first time, this study reveals an average medium effect size of 0.51 standard deviations — Cohen9s d ; 95% CI (0.42, 0.59) — for the visual component. Consequences for models of intermodal music perception and experimental planning are addressed.
Direct Determination of Oxygen in Rubber. Comparison between Isotopic and Schütze-Unterzaucher Methods

Abstract The values obtained by the isotope method for the direct determination of oxygen in rubber agree very nicely with the values obtained for the gain in weight on oxidation. The values obtained by the Schutze-Unterzaucher method, reported herein, are all low. This study indicates that the Schutze-Unterzaucher may give low oxygen values for compounds which form non-vaporizable carbon residues, such as rubber.
LEFT ATRIAL SHAPE PREDICTS RECURRENCE AFTER ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION

Current methods for prediction of recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation are limited. Recently, left atrial (LA) fibrosis and the single shape measure of sphericity have been shown to predict recurrence. We aim to show that quantitative shape assessment can predict AF recurrence after
Prostate cancer with metastases to the kidney: a rare manifestation of a common disease

A 66-year-old Caucasian man with a background of prostate cancer presented with a progressive history of nausea, reduced appetite, shortness of breath and a distended abdomen. Radiological imaging revealed a left-sided renal mass and gross ascites suggestive of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Subsequent histological examination and immunostaining of renal mass biopsy revealed features characteristic of metastatic moderately differentiated to a focally poorly differentiated, large duct type of prostatic adenocarcinoma.