cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nano-engineering of the mechanical properties of tobermorite 14 Å with graphene via molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract The tensile and shear properties of tobermorite 14 A-based structures reinforced with a single graphene sheet (GS) interfacing with either the surface water, octahedral calcium, or tetrahedral silicate layer were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The GS contributed to a significant increase in the XY-plane tensile (180%–360%) and shear (90%–225%) strengths, stiffness, and toughness while degrading the out-of-plane properties of the tobermorite structures. The water interface promoted molecular friction (intermolecular forces) and resulted in greater in-plane fracture tensile strength and toughness but a lower shear toughness than when the GS interfaced with the dry solid surfaces.
The growing role of epigenetics in childhood cancers.

Purpose of review Altered epigenetics is central to oncogenesis in many pediatric cancers. Aberrant epigenetic states are induced by mutations in histones or epigenetic regulatory genes, aberrant expression of genes regulating chromatin complexes, altered DNA methylation patterns, or dysregulated expression of noncoding RNAs. Developmental contexts of dysregulated epigenetic states are equally important for initiation and progression of many childhood cancers. As an improved understanding of disease-specific roles and molecular consequences of epigenetic alterations in oncogenesis is emerging, targeting these mechanisms of disease in childhood cancers is increasingly becoming important. Recent findings In addition to disease-causing epigenetic events, DNA methylation patterns and specific oncohistone mutations are being utilized for the diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) and solid tumors. These discoveries have improved the classification of poorly differentiated tumors and laid the foundation for future improved clinical management. On the therapeutic side, the first therapies targeting epigenetic alterations have recently entered clinical trials. Current clinical trials include pharmacological inhibition of histone and DNA modifiers in aggressive types of pediatric cancer. Summary Targeting novel epigenetic vulnerabilities, either by themselves, or coupled with targeting altered transcriptional states, developmental cell states or immunomodulation will result in innovative approaches for treating deadly pediatric cancers.
Matters of the Heart: Grief, Morbidity, and Mortality:

Spousal bereavement is associated with an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality. Several well-regarded multidisciplinary research teams have sought to understand the biopsychosocial processes underlying why widow(er)s are at elevated physical health risk. In this paper, we review research from multiple investigatory teams, including our own, showing that, on average, widow(er)s exhibit maladaptive patterns of autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune activity compared to matched comparisons. Widow(er)s also exhibit poorer health behaviors than they did before their spouse's death. There is considerable variation in post-loss psychological adjustment trajectories among widow(er)s, which likely corresponds to physical health risk trajectories. Yet, there is little biobehavioral research on patterns of change in physical health risk after the death of a spouse. We summarize recently published work demonstrating the utility of attachment theory to characterize and predict individual differences in physical health biomarkers; we highlight the need for a biopsychosocial approach to understand and characterize post-loss trajectory patterns. We conclude by discussing the possibility that this line of inquiry could help researchers, and ultimately providers, identify adjustment trajectories earlier and thus deliver appropriate interventions when they are most needed.
Wastewater discharge quality prediction using stratified sampling and wavelet de-noising ANFIS model

Abstract The monitoring of wastewater quality is vitally important for the stability of an ecosystem. Among many machine learning techniques proposed for predicting the quality of wastewater, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) can achieve the best accuracy. However, due to data size limitations, the uneven distribution of randomly sampled training data can cause out-of-range prediction errors in the ANFIS model. In this study, a general-purpose input parameter selection method is proposed, combined with an optimized wavelet de-noising ANFIS model, to predict salinity parameters in wastewater discharge samples from the Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, USA. A statistical, stratified sampling strategy is used to preprocess the wastewater quality dataset. Compared with existing artificial intelligence models, the experimental results prove that the proposed model has the best performance, in which the R2 testing value achieves 0.976, 0.975, 0.988, and 0.986 in predicting chloride, sulfate, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids, respectively.
Sensor Planning for Model-Based Acoustic Source Identification

In this paper we propose an online active sensor planning strategy for model-based acoustic source identification (SI) in non-convex domains utilizing the three-dimensional Helmholtz partial differential equation (PDE). After discretizing the PDE using the finite element method, we formulate the SI problem as a PDE-constrained optimization problem. To make the solution computationally tractable, we employ proper orthogonal decomposition to reduce the dimension of the pressure field. Given a set of initial measurements, we solve the SI and sensor planning problems in a feedback loop. Specifically, given a set of measurements, we first solve the SI problem to get an estimate of the source field. We then fit a set of nonlinear basis functions to the solution in order to reduce the number of unknowns required to describe the source field. We finally utilize the Fisher information matrix (FIM) along with the current source parameter estimates to select the next best measurement location. Specifically, we choose a sequence of waypoints that sequentially maximize the minimum eigenvalue of the FIM with respect to the unknown source parameters. We present numerical and experimental results that showcase our proposed method. This work presents the first active sensor planning method for PDE-based acoustic SI that is investigated in practice.
Activity-independent detection of mediation states in individuals with Parkinson’s disease using wearable sensors (P2.8-004)

Objective: We investigated whether wearable sensors can be used to provide objective measurements regarding the medication states of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) during their activities of daily living. Background: Motor fluctuations between akinesia (medication OFF) and mobile (medication ON) phases are one of the most prevalent complications of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), occurring in 50% of patients within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis and 80% of patients after 10 years. There is a need for a technology-based system that provides reliable and objective measurements of a patient’s duration medication OFF and ON phases that can be readily used by the clinician to make successful therapeutic adjustments. Design/Methods: 19 fluctuating PD subjects (age: 42–77, 14 males) were selected in this study. Two KinetiSense motion sensors were mounted on the most affected wrist and ankle to collect gyroscope signals. The participants performed seven daily living activities in their medication OFF and ON phases: resting, walking, drinking, dressing, hair brushing, unpacking groceries, and cutting food. A series of significant features were extracted from the motion signal. A medication OFF/ON classifier based on support vector machine with fuzzy labeling was trained using approximately 15% of four activities (ambulation, drinking, arm resting, and dressing) and tested on the remaining data. Results: The trained classifier was able to detect medication states with 90.5% classification accuracy, 94.2% sensitivity, and 85.4% specificity. The average accuracy for the activities in the training phase was 91.3%, and for the new activities it was 88.4%, indicating that the algorithm is activity-independent and performs equally-well for all the seven activities. Conclusions: Our algorithm would enable an easy-to-use sensor-based assessment system that is not task-based, which can provide accurate and timely information to address motor fluctuations. Use of such sensor data could considerably improve both the care delivery and quality of life for PD patients. Disclosure: Dr. Hssayeni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Burack has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jimenez Shahed has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with St. Jude Medical/Abbott, Medtronic, Teva, Bracket, Nuvelution, Sunovion,. Dr. Jimenez Shahed has received research support from Biotie/Accorda, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical/Abbott, Eli Lilly & Company, Wilsons Therapeutics. Dr. Ghoraani has nothing to disclose.
HIV Infection in Adults: Initial Management

The HIV epidemic is an important public health priority. Transmissions continue to occur despite effective therapies that make HIV preventable and treatable. Approximately one-half of people with HIV are not receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Starting ART early, followed by continuous lifetime treatment, most effectively achieves durable virologic suppression and restoration of immune function that can improve clinical outcomes and prevent transmission to partners who are seronegative. National treatment guidelines include ART options that can be offered immediately after diagnosis, even before the results of baseline HIV drug-resistance testing are available. Initial ART selection should be guided by co-occurring conditions, including viral hepatitis, medications, and other factors such as pregnancy. Identifying and addressing psychosocial barriers to care is a key element of ensuring long-term adherence to treatment. The initial physical examination typically reveals no clinical manifestations of HIV in the absence of advanced disease. A comprehensive laboratory evaluation, including HIV viral load and CD4 lymphocyte monitoring, is necessary to guide decision-making for treatment, opportunistic infection prophylaxis, and vaccinations. The initial management of people with HIV presents a unique opportunity for family physicians to improve patients' long-term health care and reduce HIV transmissions.
Investigation of keratinase digestion to improve steroid hormone extraction from diverse keratinous tissues

Abstract Monitoring the physiology of wild populations presents many technical challenges. Blood samples, long the gold standard of wildlife endocrinology studies, cannot always be obtained. The validation and use of non-plasma samples to obtain hormone data have greatly improved access to more integrated information about an organism’s physiological state. Keratinous tissues like skin, hair, nails, feathers, or baleen store steroid hormones in physiologically relevant concentrations, are stable across decades, and can be used to retrospectively infer physiological state at prior points in time. Most protocols for steroid extraction employ physical pulverization or cutting of the sample, followed by mixing with a solvent. Such methods do produce repeatable and useful data, but low hormone yield and detectability issues can complicate research on small or rare samples. We investigated the use of keratinase, an enzyme that breaks down keratin, to improve the extraction and yield of corticosterone from vertebrate keratin tissues. Corticosterone content of keratinase-digested extracts were compared to non-keratinase extracts for baleen from three species of whale (blue, Balaenoptera musculus; bowhead, Balaena mysticetus; southern right, SRW; Eubalaena australis), shed skin from two reptiles (tegu lizard, Salvator merianae; narrow-headed garter snake, Thamnophis rufipunctatus), hair from arctic ground squirrel (AGS; Urocitellus parryii), feathers from Purple Martins (PUMA; Progne subis), and spines from the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). We tested four starting masses (10, 25, 50, 100 mg) for each sample; digestion was most complete in the 10 and 25 mg samples. A corticosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was validated for all keratinase-digested extracts. In all sample types except shed skin from reptiles, keratinase digestion improved hormone yield, with PUMA feathers and blue whale baleen having the greatest increase in apparent corticosterone content (100% and 66% more hormone, respectively). The reptilian shed skin samples did not benefit from keratinase digestion, actually yielding less hormone than controls. With further optimization and refinement, keratinase digestion could greatly improve yield of steroid hormones from various wildlife epidermal tissue types, allowing more efficient use of samples and ultimately improving understanding of the endocrine physiology of wild populations.
Recent Advances in PRRS Virus Receptors and the Targeting of Receptor–Ligand for Control

Cellular receptors play a critical role in viral infection. At least seven cellular molecules have been identified as putative viral entry mediators for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Accumulating data indicate that among these candidates, CD163, a cysteine-rich scavenger receptor on macrophages, is the major receptor for PRRSV. This review discusses the recent advances and understanding of the entry of PRRSV into cells, viral pathogenesis in CD163 gene-edited swine, and CD163 as a potential target of receptor–ligand for the control of PRRS.
“Overtake and Surpass”: Soviet Algorithmic Thinking as a Reinvention of Western Theories during the Cold War

This chapter examines the role of Cold War exchanges in the human sciences that shaped Soviet research on programmed instruction during the 1960s and 1970s. Pioneered by psychologist Lev Landa, this field sought to describe human learning in terms of logical structures and offered the theoretical foundation for the development of special teaching computers. Landa’s research had distinct resemblances to the quantitative orientation in American behavioral sciences of that time. His approach also made use of the conception of bounded human rationality produced in the US by mathematically inclined fields of social science. Nonetheless, while drawing on Western approaches to programmed instruction and cybernetics, Landa also adapted those to Soviet political, social, and ideological contexts.
Zero Dynamics, Pendulum Models, and Angular Momentum in Feedback Control of Bipedal Locomotion.

Low-dimensional models are ubiquitous in the bipedal robotics literature. On the one hand, are the simplified pendulum models selected to capture the center of mass dynamics. On the other hand, is the passive low-dimensional model induced by virtual constraints. In the first case, the low-dimensional model is valued for its physical insight and analytical tractability. In the second case, the low-dimensional model is integral to a rigorous analysis of the stability of walking gaits in the full-dimensional model of the robot. This paper brings these two approaches together, clarifying their commonalities and differences. In the process of doing so, we argue that angular momentum about the contact point is a better indicator of robot state than linear velocity. Concretely, we show that an approximate (pendulum and zero dynamics) model parameterized by angular momentum is more accurate on a physical robot (e.g., legs with mass) than is a related approximate model parameterized in terms of linear velocity. We implement an associated angular-momentum-based controller on Cassie, a 3D robot, and demonstrate high agility and robustness in experiments.
Two Conceptions of Rights

Rights play an important role in moral, political, and legal debate, as illustrated by conceptions of them as constraints and trumps. But we can and do think of rights in two quite different ways, without always fully recognizing and attending to the difference. On one conception, rights are important inputs to debate that often, but not always, determine the outcome of that debate. These are contributory rights. They are presumptively decisive, but nonetheless defeasible, pro tanto reasons for the resolution of a practical question. Another conception represents rights as the outcome of debate about the entitlements of parties to the debate. These are resultant rights, which are verdictive and indefeasible. Both conceptions of rights have their uses. The important point is not to confuse them. Some adjudicative contexts employ the resultant conception of rights. However, many other contexts employ the contributory conception. First, moderate deontology presupposes a contributory conception of rights. Second, the existence of conflicts of rights presupposes the contributory conception, and this implies that shortlists of basic (e.g. human) rights involve contributory and defeasible rights. Third, the conception of individual rights ingredient in Equal Protection and Substantive Due Process analysis requires the contributory and defeasible conception of rights. Moreover, when existing contributory rights are inadequate to resolve normative conflicts, we may be led to recognize new contributory rights, as illustrated in the constitutional recognition of rights to association and privacy. Finally, the appeal to rights as a justification of adjudicative outcomes presupposes the contributory conception of rights, inasmuch as the resultant conception would render such appeals circular. In fact, we should view resultant rights as the proper weighing and outcome of potentially conflicting contributory rights.
Incidence of ovarian metastasis in neuroendocrine tumors of the cervix

Objectives: To report on the incidence of ovarian metastasis in patients with high grade neuroendocrine tumors of the cervix (NEC) who underwent surgical resection. Methods: This was a single institution retrospective chart review. The electronic medical record was searched for all patients with a diagnosis of NEC at The Ohio State University from January 2010 to March 2020. Patients without complete pathologic records were excluded. Results: From January 2010 to March 2020, 43 patients were identified with NEC. Of those patients, 16 had undergone surgical resection including hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy and oophorectomy, and lymph node dissection. Of the 16 patients, zero had evidence of metastatic disease to their ovaries. The median age of patients in our cohort was 35.5 years with a mean age of 40.5 (28-70y). 13 of the 16 patients were considered pre-menopausal at the time of their surgery (defined as age 50 or younger). Of the 16 patients who underwent surgical management, 2 had adjuvant chemotherapy alone, 7 had adjuvant chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy, 2 had adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and 3 had adjuvant radiation therapy. Of the 16 patients in the study, 13 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of their treatment. For those who had chemotherapy as part of their treatment plan, the most commonly used regimen was cisplatin with etoposide with a median of 3 cycles neoadjuvant and 3 cycles in the adjuvant setting. Based on the FIGO 2018 staging classifications, 6 patients had stage I disease (1 1A2, 2 IB1, 1 IB2, 2 IB3). 10 of the 16 patients had advanced stage disease defined as IIB through IVB (2 IIB, 1 IIIB, 3 IIIC1, 2 IIIC2, 2 IVB). Conclusions: The incidence of ovarian metastasis in patients with NEC has not been reported in the literature. Here we demonstrate in our limited series that ovarian metastasis in NEC of the cervix is rare. Current practice of ovarian retention in NEC is based on expert opinion and is not standard of care across the field of gynecologic oncology. Our data support that ovarian retention in NEC is safe. Previously published data from our institution demonstrate that 82% of patients with stage I disease had no evidence of disease at time of their last follow up with the use of a multimodality treatment approach (McCann 2013). In our cohort, radiation therapy is often employed in the treatment of NEC. Ovarian retention with transposition out of the radiated field may be a reasonable option for women who would benefit from preservation of ovarian function. Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents were cisplatin with etoposide, both with limited gonadotoxicity. Given the low incidence of ovarian metastasis in NEC, ovarian cryopreservation or oocyte harvesting is a reasonable option for patients who desire the ability to have offspring with the assistance of a surrogate in the future. Further studies with a multi-institutional collaboration to better define the incidence of NEC metastasis to the ovary is necessary.
Effect of scan time and injected dose on myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging

2017 Objectives New hardware and software developments have promised reduced scan time or injected dose while maintaining equivalent image quality in myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging (MPI). Our aim is to investigate the effects of reduced scan time and/or injected dose on image quality when using Siemens9 Flash-3D software that includes iterative reconstruction and resolution recovery. Methods An anthropomorphic torso phantom with cardiac insert having no defects and filled with Tc-99m water was imaged on a Siemens dual-headed Symbia T6 SPECT/CT scanner using LEHR collimators. The activity concentrations in the different phantom chambers were selected according to ASNC guidelines and were 5, 0.5 and 3uCi/cc for the myocardium, background, and liver, respectively. No activity was placed in the lungs or the blood pool. A CT scan was acquired for attenuation correction, followed by SPECT data acquired in gated mode (8 bins) using a non-circular orbit and parameters according to ASNC guidelines. Gated data were summed to generate 8 different scan times and reconstructed using FBP, OSEM Flash 3D with CT attenuation and scatter correction (OSEMAS), and OSEM Flash 3D without any corrections (OSEM). To evaluate the impact of dose reduction, the same data acquisition was repeated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Image quality was assessed by measuring mean counts and contrast of an annular ROI drawn on a central slice over the myocardium and an adjacent background region. Results Mean counts of OSEMAS and OSEM were higher than FBP and decreased as expected with scan time for all reconstructions. The mean ROI count of half scan time (4 bins) at full dose (0 hr) was equivalent to full time (8 bins) at half dose (6 hr) for all reconstructions emphasizing the equivalence between time and dose in SPECT imaging. Contrast using OSEM was on average 22% better than FBP for all scan times and injected doses. Conclusions OSEM with resolution recovery can reduce scan time and/or injected dose without impacting image quality in MPI
Job: Or, the Imagining of Justice

i AUTHOR'S NOTE. I am and am not a Jew. My case is (something like) H.D.'s, who was and was not a Christian. I am a Jew in the sense that every drop of blood in my veins is Jewish or so I presume, and every thought in my head, my habits of thinking, my moral impulses and burden of chronic guilt, my sense of humor if any, my confrontational and adversarial inclinations. They say a Jew is somebody who loves to argue, especially with God and other Jews. My laughter and tears are Jewish laughter and tears. What else could they be? My ancestors are Russian Jewish ancestors, the peasant mud is hardly shaken from my roots. In the 1880s when the great pogroms swept Russia and eastern Europe, it was me too they hated and wanted to kill. Me, an innocent girl in my ba bushka throwing grain to the chickens. In 1944 it would have been me, my long nose no longer in a book, wetting my pants in a cattle car, or among the thousands of soft slain bodies layered over each other in the great mouth of a trench at Babi Yar ? and I've fantastically escaped and can breathe air, enjoy freedom, by merest chance. Can't be anything else, though. Can't be a Buddhist like Allen Ginsberg (who anyway gets more and more rabbinical), or a Sufi like Doris Lessing. It would be a joke, silly to pretend. Could I despise the drops of blood in my body? To deny my Judaism would be, for me, like denying the gift of life. But I'm not a Jew, I can't be a Jew, because Judaism repels me as a woman.
Romantic Partners' Contribution to the Continuity of Male and Female Delinquent and Violent Behavior

Using data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study examined males' and females' criminality in young adulthood with models that considered the associations of both their own past delinquency and their current partners' criminality. Specific models considered the main effects of both previous adolescent delinquency and violence and current opposite sex romantic partners' criminality and violence, as well as the interaction of these with each other and by sex of primary participant. Main effects for adolescent delinquency and partners' criminality were significant; however, the results of the interactions by sex suggest different patterns of results for males and females. Models run separately by sex showed that having a prior delinquent history predicted adult criminality for males but not for females, while being in a relationship with a criminal partner increased the odds of criminal behavior in young adulthood for both males and females. A different pattern of results was found for violence in young adulthood. Having a prior violent history predicted adult violence for males and females. However, being in a relationship with a violent partner increased the odds of violent behavior for females only.
Vergil and Founding Violence

In the 1930s and 40s, there was an assumption that ancient Rome stood as an exemplum for Europe,2 though ever since the Founding Fathers framed our American constitution in partial imitation of Rome’s,3 there has been a competing assumption that Rome is an exemplum for the United States.4 What exactly this exemplum means was and is still contested. The Roman Republic has been exemplary for the American constitution, the Roman Empire for fascism,5 the
The Story of Pinocchio: Now I'm a Real Boy

Corporate responsibility' has become a matter of great concern after the Enron and WorldCom scandals rocked corporate culture. This Article suggests that corporate irresponsibility stems from the failure of corporations to address the concerns of non-shareholders and the failure of shareholders and regulatory watchdogs to look beneath the corporate surface. Competing schools of thought, such as neoclassical economics, progressive corporate theory, and outsider corporate theory, offer divergent analyses of the corporate responsibility dilemma. Regulatory responses to the crisis of corporate conscience remain untested. This Article suggests that our failure to foresee corporate irresponsibility partly comes from over on traditional theories of shareholder primacy. Change is unlikely to come from within the corporation, so regulators must look beyond the board of directors to ensure responsible management. This Article proposes criminal liability for corporate indifference to the health and well-being of foreseeable victims of corporate irresponsibility. Prove yourself brave, truthful, and unselfish, and someday you will be a
The Interstellar Medium in Active Galaxies

Simple estimates based on the observed ionizing luminosities of active galactic nuclei suggest that they should have profound influence on the interstellar media of their host galaxies. Surprisingly, they do not. The simple estimates fail because they do not adequately account for the complicated exchange of mass between the stellar population and the interstellar medium, and because they do not include any obscuration by dusty material close to the nucleus. Recent observational work has demonstrated the existence of obscuration close to the nucleus; recent theoretical work has clarified the physical properties of this material. Because the obscuration is not complete, the ionizing luminosity does generate extended emission line radiation from the host galaxy’s interstellar medium along certain preferred directions. Future work will use these extended emission line regions as diagnostics of interstellar conditions in the inner parts of active nuclei. In this regard, several speculations are presented about the dynamics of this gas and what role it may play in fuelling the central nucleus.
Can Sea Clutter and Indoor Radio Propagation be Modeled as Strange Attractors

Sea clutter is the backscattered returns from a patch of the sea surface illuminated by a radar pulse. The amplitude waveforms of sea clutter and indoor radio propagation are very complicated. Can the apparent randomness of these waveforms be attributed to be generated by low‐dimensional chaos? Based on the assumption that a chaotic attractor is characterized by a non‐integer fractal dimension and a positive Lyapunov exponent, Haykin et al (1992) concluded that sea clutter while Tannous et al (1991) concluded that indoor radio propagation data were chaotic. However, a numerically estimated non‐integral fractal dimension and a positive Lyapunov exponent may not be sufficient indication of chaos. Other researchers have also indirectly questioned the chaoticness of the sea clutter. We employ a more stringent criterion for low‐dimensional chaos developed by Gao and Zheng (Phys. Rev. E, 1994) to study a two minute duration sea clutter data provided by Haykin, and indoor radio propagation data measured at UCLA, and show that these data are not chaotic. We carry out a multifractal analysis and find that sea‐clutter data can be modeled as multiplicative multifractals with a lognormal envelope distribution, while the radio propagation data can be modeled as a weak multifractal in the sense of structure function technique.
Trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer: the importance of accurate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing.

Abstract Context.—Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an adverse prognostic parameter for patients with breast cancer. Patients with HER2-positive tumors are, however, likely to gain significant benefit from targeted therapy with trastuzumab. Four large-scale trials have assessed the efficacy and safety of adjuvant trastuzumab. In all 4 trials, disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly improved with adjuvant trastuzumab (36%–52% and 33%–41%, respectively), and improvements were observed in all patient subgroups. Objective.—To describe, in detail, the clinical benefits of using trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting, and to emphasize the importance this places on the pathologist to correctly identify all patients with HER2-positive tumors with a high degree of accuracy. Data Sources.—Published literature on both HER2 testing and the adjuvant use of trastuzumab. Conclusions.—Immunohistochemistry and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization are routinely used to...
Epidural blood patch for postdural puncture positional vertigo.

Study Design. Case report. Objective. To report an unusual case of refractory positional vertigo without headache that developed after the placement of an epidural catheter for postoperative pain and that was treated with an epidural blood patch. Summary of the Background Data. Although it is common practice to use epidural blood patch (EBP) to treat positional headache from postdural puncture (PDP), the literature is limited to one letter to the editor describing PDP positional vertigo treated with EBP. Methods. Description of a clinical case. Results. Here we present a case where the patient presented with the complaint of vertigo without headache and had a characteristic onset with upright position and marked relief when lying down. The patient received an EBP with complete resolution of her symptoms. Conclusions. This case illustrates patient can present with an isolated symptom such as dizziness without headache after PDP. The patient received an EBP with complete resolution of her symptom of postdural dizziness.
Management of pericarditis secondary to myocardial infarction.

Summary Pericarditis secondary to myocardial infarction occurs as an early, evanescent feature, with pain of pleuro-pericardial character as prominent symptom which often requires injection of analgesies. A late type of pericarditis is less frequently encountered as a complication of recent myocardial infarction. It is longer lasting, has a tendency to recur and is often associated with plenrisy and pneumonitis. Management of this complication requires primarily relief of chest and shoulder pain which are often severe, and missing only in rare instances. Corticosteroids have a dramatic effect, rapidly abolishing pain, fever and exudates. Hormonal therapy has the disadvantage that withdrawal of steroids may be followed by repeated rebounds. It is advisable to use steroids in severe, protracted cases, when pain cannot be controlled by other means or when there is rapidly spreading pneumonitis. Pericardial paracentesis is indicated when there is evidence of cardiac tamponade. Apart from this indication, aspiration of a small amount of pericardial fluid sometimes facilitates spontaneous absorption. Finally, hemorrhagic character of the aspiration fluid points to danger of continued anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy is not contraindicated in the presence of the early, focal type of pericarditis. When, however, diffuse pericarditis is present as part of the postmyocardial infarction syndrome, one must be aware of the danger of cardiac tamponade due to hemopericardium which develops in rare instances. Once the diagnosis of diffuse pericarditis has been made, continuation of anticoagulant therapy is inadvisable unless there are reliable safeguards for early recognition and treatment of cardiac tamponade. Relief of tamponade is accomplished by paracentesis or, better, by pericardiotomy.
MicroRNA-mediated conversion of human fibroblasts to neurons

Neurogenic transcription factors and evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways have been found to be instrumental in the formation of neurons. However, the instructive role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in neurogenesis remains unexplored. We recently discovered that miR-9* and miR-124 instruct compositional changes of SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin-remodelling complexes, a process important for neuronal differentiation and function. Nearing mitotic exit of neural progenitors, miR-9* and miR-124 repress the BAF53a subunit of the neural-progenitor (np)BAF chromatin-remodelling complex. After mitotic exit, BAF53a is replaced by BAF53b, and BAF45a by BAF45b and BAF45c, which are then incorporated into neuron-specific (n)BAF complexes essential for post-mitotic functions. Because miR-9/9* and miR-124 also control multiple genes regulating neuronal differentiation and function, we proposed that these miRNAs might contribute to neuronal fates. Here we show that expression of miR-9/9* and miR-124 (miR-9/9*-124) in human fibroblasts induces their conversion into neurons, a process facilitated by NEUROD2. Further addition of neurogenic transcription factors ASCL1 and MYT1L enhances the rate of conversion and the maturation of the converted neurons, whereas expression of these transcription factors alone without miR-9/9*-124 was ineffective. These studies indicate that the genetic circuitry involving miR-9/9*-124 can have an instructive role in neural fate determination.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF CHELAR SENSORY STRUCTURES IN THE HERMIT CRAB PA G URUS HIRSUTIUSCULUS (DECAPODA)

The hermit crab Pagurus hirsutiusculus uses its minor chela to examine gastropod shells that may be selected for habitation. Since tactile and chemical cues, especially calcium, are important for the recognition and selection of shells by this species, the minor chela was examined for the presence of mechano- and chemoreceptors. Chelar cuticular structures were examined with a scanning electron microscope, and electrophysiological methods were used to determine their sensory responses. Two structural types, simple setae and rows of teeth, function as mechanoreceptors. The simple setae also function as chemoreceptors, sensitive to calcium. A detailed description of the arrangement and external morphology of these bifunctional simple setae is provided and serves as background for further studies of their ultrastructural features. Other structures found on the chelar surface were pits and nonsensory tubercles. The function of the pits remains unknown. Behavioral adaptations for calcium detection in marine environments are discussed, as is the possible occurrence of calcium detection in other crustaceans.
Body size estimators in primate skeletal material

A series of twenty-three skeletal variables are tested for their utility as estimators of body size, measured as partial skeletal weight, over 286 Old World anthropoids. Several variables proved to be consistently accurate in this for the present sample: bizygomatic breadth, bicondylar femoral width, skull length, orbital width, basioninion, femoral circumference and vertebral area. The only reasonably acceptable mandibular measurement was mandibular breadth. Other variables that have been used as size estimators in previous studies proved to be less accurate.
Elastic properties of single-crystal Ni F 2

The elastic properties of Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ were studied at $65lTl300$ K using the ultrasonic pulse superposition method. At 300 K, the measured adiabatic elastic stiffness moduli, in units of ${10}^{11}$ dyn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, are ${C}_{11}=14.50$, ${C}_{12}=11.04$, ${C}_{13}=9.09$, ${C}_{33}=22.08$, ${C}_{44}=4.65$, and ${C}_{66}=9.94$. The measured moduli are compared with the theoretical values calculated from Pandey's model by using published Raman frequencies. Near 300 K, each $\frac{d{C}_{\mathrm{ij}}}{\mathrm{dT}}$ has a negative value. But $\frac{d{C}_{S}}{\mathrm{dT}}$, where ${C}_{S}=\frac{1}{2}({C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12})$, is positive between 300 K and the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}$. Other anomalous features are the following. There is a long precursor above ${T}_{N}$ in ${C}_{33}$ and ${C}_{44}$, ${C}_{33}$ exhibits critical exponents near ${T}_{N}$, whereas the values of ${C}_{11}$, ${C}_{66}$, ${C}_{S}$, etc. show sharp "cut-off" anomalies below ${T}_{N}$. These can be eliminated by a 4-kOe magnetic field along suitable directions. These properties of the elastic moduli are discussed in terms of a lattice instability or volume magnetostricitve coupling mechanism above ${T}_{N}$, linear magnetoelastic couplings, shear instability, and weak ferromagnetic domain effects, respectively. Possible existence of twin domains is proposed.
Formation of Coordinated RZn(macrocycle)+ Cations and Organozincate Anions from Reactions of Organozinc Compounds and Macrocycles

An RZnZ compound (R = alkyl) and a macrocycle react in benzene to form RZn(macrocycle)+ ions when the macrocycle is an effective coordinator for RZn+ and Z- can exist as the anion or become attached to an organometallic acceptor to form an organometalate anion. R2Zn and R3Al form RZn(macrocycle)+R4Al- with 14N4 (1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), 15N5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentamethyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane), 2,1,1-cryptand, or 2,2,1-cryptand but not with 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane, 2,2,2-cryptand, 15-crown-5, or 18-crown-6. RZnZ, R2Zn, and 14N4 form RZn(14N4)+R2ZnZ- when Z is Cl, Br, I, or 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy but not when Z is tert-butoxy. Various combinations of RZnZ with Z = Cl, Br, I, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy, or 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy and 14N4, 15N5, 2,1,1-cryptand, or 2,2,1-cryptand form RZn(macrocycle)+Z- solids; solids do not form when Z is methoxy or tert-butoxy nor when the macrocycle is 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, or 18-crown-6.
Using the Cohort Model in Accounting Education

This article documents a case study of a cohort-based MBA program with an accounting concentration at a university in the USA. This ethnographic study used interviews, observations, and document review to examine the students' experiences. Data were analyzed via grounded theory techniques. Results indicate that the cohort program provided students with knowledge about important socially learned dimensions of the accounting profession. The interpersonal and group-work skills needed in the accounting workplace are developed in a cohort program. However, the cohort model's cooperative agenda could not eliminate individualistic, competitive tendencies. Finally, students found that their cohort experiences prepared them to handle certain informal facets of the accounting workplace (for example, office politics, grapevines, and cliques).
Endocarditis caused by the micrococcus pharyngis siccus: Recovery after treatment with heparin and sulfapyridine

Summary A case of Micrococcus pharyngis siccus endocarditis is reported. This patient, who was acutely ill, and had meningeal involvement, multiple white-centered petechiae, occasional hematuria, and changing cardiac murmur, was treated with heparin and sulfapyridine, and recovered; she has remained well for one year. Four other previously reported cases are reviewed.
Predictable hotspots and foraging habitat of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific: Implications for conservation

The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) is a rare and endangered seabird that ranges widely over the northern North Pacific. Populations are slowly recovering but birds face several threats at sea, in particular the incidental capture of birds in long-line fisheries. Conservation efforts are hampered by a lack of information about the at-sea distribution of this species, especially knowledge of where it may predictably co-occur with long-line fishing effort. During 18 years of transiting the Aleutian Islands Unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge on a research vessel, we observed short-tailed albatross on 65 occasions. They were consistently observed near Ingenstrem Rocks (Buldir Pass) in the western Aleutians and near Seguam Pass in the central Aleutians. Based on the oceanographic characteristics of the locations where we saw most of the birds, we hypothesized that short-tailed albatross “hotspots” were located where tidal currents and steep bottom topography generate strong vertical mixing along the Aleutian Archipelago. As a test of this hypothesis, we analyzed a database containing 1432 opportunistic observations of 2463 short-tailed albatross at sea in the North Pacific. These data showed that short-tailed albatross were closely associated with shelf-edge habitats throughout the northern Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. In addition to Ingenstrem Rocks and Seguam Pass, important hotspots for short-tailed albatross in the Aleutians included Near Strait, Samalga Pass, and the shelf-edge south of Umnak/Unalaska islands. In the Bering Sea, hotspots were located along margins of Zhemchug, St. Matthews and Pervenets canyons. Because these short-tailed albatross hotspots are predictable, they are also protectable by regulation of threatening activities at local spatial scales.
Role of GATA Motifs in Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Gene Expression in Malignant Cells

Abstract Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the primary physiologic inhibitor of tissue factor-induced clotting. The TFPI gene contains three GATA motifs in the region flanking its transcription initiation sites. GATA motifs present in promoters of other genes bind GATA-2 transcription factor and thereby regulate their transcriptional expression. Both TFPI and GATA-2 transcription factor are synthesized by a variety of normal as well as malignant cells including hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and bladder carcinoma ECV304. Here, we studied whether the three GATA motifs flanking the transcription initiation sites regulate TFPI gene expression in HepG2 and ECV304 cells by binding to the GATA-2 transcription factor. Synthetic oligonucleotides containing GATA sequences from the TFPI regulatory region formed DNA–protein complexes with HepG2 and ECV304 nuclear extracts in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Using a 740-bp fragment (−496/+244) from TFPI regulatory region, the effect of base substitutions at each of the three GATA motifs was studied in a luciferase reporter gene system. TFPI promoter activity in HepG2 cells was increased 3-fold with mutation in one of the three GATA motifs and in ECV304 cells was essentially unchanged with mutations in all three GATA motifs. Thus, GATA motifs appear to serve a tissue-specific regulatory role in TFPI gene expression in malignant cells.
CONSTRAINTS OF SEED SIZE ON PLANT DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE

We examined the correlation between seed size (mass) and spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of plants, using both published data from northern England and 18 years of census data from permanent quadrats in the Chihuahuan Desert, Arizona, USA. In both systems, there were many small-seeded species and few large-seeded ones. Spatial patterns of distribution and abundance were constrained by seed size within triangle envelopes, i.e., small-seeded species had a greater range of abundance and a greater number of sites occupied than did large-seeded species. Temporal patterns of abundance and distribution from the Chihuahuan Desert site were similarly correlated with seed size, i.e., small-seeded species were, in general, more abundant and present in more years than were large-seeded species. These patterns probably result because small-seeded species produce more seeds, are more vagile, and persist longer in seed banks than do large-seeded species. The results are consistent with recent findings from seed bank studies, suggesting the generality of the correlation between seed size and plant abundance and distribution.
A KERNEL BASED APPROACH TO STRUCTURED NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION PART I: ALGORITHMS

Abstract We consider interconnected systems consisting of linear time-invariant systems and static nonlinear maps. Under the assumptions that the linear dynamics are known and the input to the nonlinear maps are measurable, it is shown that the identification problem can be reduced to a least squares problem. An identification algorithm utilizing a kernel-based dispersion function is proposed.
Reactors for nuclear electric propulsion

Propulsion is the key to space exploitation and power is the key to propulsion. This paper examines the role of nuclear fission reactors as the primary power source for high specific impulse electric propulsion systems for space missions of the 1980s and 1990s. Particular mission applications include transfer to and a reusable orbital transfer vehicle from low-Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit, outer planet exploration and reconnaissance missions, and as a versatile space tug supporting lunar resource development. Nuclear electric propulsion is examined as an indispensable component in space activities of the next two decades.
Differential risk of racial admixture for substance abuse: A longitudinal analysis

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e169–e251 e181 Results: The three success categories differed significantly on the five factors (p< .001). Two of the factors were significantly associated with success: Resources (p< .001) and Support for EBP (p= .01). In post-hoc analyses, the High Success category had significantly higher factor scores on Resources and Support for EBP compared with the Medium and the Low Success categories. The Medium Success category had a higher factor score on Support for EBP than the Low Success category. Conclusions: Success in achieving goals by Change Teams appears to be more likely in those sites where staff have higher levels of resources and exhibit greater support for EBP. Financial support: NIDA, SAMHSA, BJA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.506 Differential risk of racial admixture for substance abuse: A longitudinal analysis Rumi K. Price1,2, Sundari Balan1, C. van den Berk-Clark1, M.V. Shroff1 1 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States 2 VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO,