cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of Injury to Child Passengers in Sport Utility Vehicles

OBJECTIVE. The popularity of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) is growing, and they are increasingly being used as family vehicles. Because of the large size of SUVs, relative to passenger cars, parents may perceive that they are safer family vehicles. However, little is known about the safety of children in SUVs, compared with passenger cars. The objective of this study was to determine the relative risk of injury to children involved in crashes in SUVs, compared with those in passenger cars. DESIGN. From an on-going motor vehicle crash surveillance system, a probability sample of 3922 child occupants 0 to 15 years of age, representing 72396 children in crashes of either SUVs or passenger cars (model year 1998 or newer), from 3 large US regions, was identified between March 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003. Injuries were defined as concussions and other brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, facial fractures and lacerations, internal organ injuries, extremity fractures, and scalp lacerations. Logistic regression modeling was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) of injury for children in SUVs versus passenger cars, both unadjusted and adjusted for several potential confounders, including differences in child seating position, restraint use, vehicle weight, exposure of the child to a passenger airbag, and whether the vehicle rolled over. RESULTS. A total of 38.2% of children were in SUVs and 61.8% were in passenger cars. The average weight of SUVs was 1317 lb greater than the average weight of passenger cars. Among all children in the study, those restrained appropriately were less likely to be injured (OR: 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.45) and those in the front seat were more likely to be injured (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.33–3.21). In both vehicle types, children exposed to a passenger airbag were more likely to be injured than were those who were not (OR: 4.70; 95% CI: 2.36–9.37). Rollover crashes increased the risk of injury in both vehicle types (OR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.88–5.76) and occurred more than twice as frequently with SUVs (2.9%, compared with 1.2% with passenger cars). There was a trend for increasing vehicle weight being a protective factor with both vehicle types (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73–1.01). After adjustment for all of the aforementioned factors, the risk of injury was not significantly different for children in SUVs versus passenger cars (adjusted OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.88–2.57). Especially detrimental for children in SUVs was being unrestrained versus restrained in a rollover crash (OR: 24.99; 95% CI: 6.68–93.53). CONCLUSIONS. Despite the greater vehicle weight of SUVs, the risk of injury for children in SUVs is similar to that for children in passenger cars. The potential advantage offered by heavier SUVs seems to be offset by other factors, including an increased tendency to roll over. Age-appropriate child restraint and rear seat positioning are important, particularly for children in SUVs, given the very high risk of injury for children restrained inappropriately in rollover crashes.
Chloroplast sulfate transport in green algae--genes, proteins and effects.

This review summarizes evidence at the molecular genetic, protein and regulatory levels concerning the existence and function of a putative ABC-type chloroplast envelope-localized sulfate transporter in the model unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. From the four nuclear genes encoding this sulfate permease holocomplex, two are coding for chloroplast envelope-targeted transmembrane proteins (SulP and SulP2), a chloroplast stroma-targeted ATP-binding protein (Sabc) and a substrate (sulfate)-binding protein (Sbp) that is localized on the cytosolic side of the chloroplast envelope. The sulfate permease holocomplex is postulated to consist of a SulP–SulP2 chloroplast envelope transmembrane heterodimer, flanked by the Sabc and the Sbp proteins on the stroma side and the cytosolic side of the inner envelope, respectively. The mature SulP and SulP2 proteins contain seven transmembrane domains and one or two large hydrophilic loops, which are oriented toward the cytosol. The corresponding prokaryotic-origin genes (SulP and SulP2) probably migrated from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome during the evolution of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These genes, or any of its homologues, have not been retained in vascular plants, e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana, although they are encountered in the chloroplast genome of a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The function of the SulP protein was probed in antisense transformants of C. reinhardtii having lower expression levels of the SulP gene. Results showed that cellular sulfate uptake capacity was lowered as a consequence of attenuated SulP gene expression in the cell, directly affecting rates of de novo protein biosynthesis in the chloroplast. The antisense transformants exhibited phenotypes of sulfate-deprived cells, displaying slow rates of light-saturated oxygen evolution, low levels of Rubisco in the chloroplast and low steady-state levels of the Photosystem II D1 reaction center protein. The role of the chloroplast sulfate transport in the uptake and assimilation of sulfate in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is discussed along with its impact on the repair of Photosystem II from a frequently occurring photo-oxidative damage and H2-evolution related metabolism in this green alga.
Zum Mittelaltereinfluss in der modernen Dichtung: Ezra Pounds Chaucerbild

Verschiedene Wege bieten sich an, das komplexe Gesamtwerk von Ezra Pound, vor allem aber dessen “Cantos” dem Verstandnis naher zu bringen. Einer der vielleicht aufschlussreichsten Interpretationswege scheint mir eine Analyse der Poundschen Mittelalterschulung zu sein. Sicherlich sind Autoren wie Dante, Cavalcanti, die provenzalischen Dichter, der Autor des altenglischen Seefahrergedichtes fur eine derartige Analyse von grosster Bedeutung. Vergessen wird aber oft, dass Pound sich Zeit seines Lebens ausfuhrlich mit Chaucer beschaftigte, der ihn in seiner eigenen Auffassung von Dichtkunst und Ubersetzungskunst bestarkte. Der Sprachduktus vieler Cantos ist von Chaucers Sprache beeinflusst. Dabei stutzt sich Pound weniger auf die Chaucerischen Hauptwerke, sondern hauptsachlich auf dessen kurzere Dichtungen. Ein wesentlicher Canto, Canto 81, vor allem ist vollig von Chaucer gepragt. Eine Analyse des Chaucereinflusses auf Pound bestarkt, vor allem wenn die Analyse in Hinblick auf andere mittelalterliche Dichter wie Dante und Cavalcanti betrieben wird, den Eindruck, dass Pounds Dichtung formell und sprachlich, vor allem aber in ihrem Kompendiencharakter, mittelalterlich bestimmt ist.
A taxonomy of coexistence mechanisms for heterogeneous cognitive radio networks operating in TV white spaces

With the development of dynamic spectrum access technologies, such as cognitive radio, the secondary use of underutilized TV broadcast spectrum has come a step closer to reality. Recently, a number of wireless standards that incorporate CR technology have been finalized or are being developed to standardize systems that will coexist in the same TV white spaces. In these wireless standards, the widely studied problem of primary-secondary network coexistence has been addressed by the use of incumbent geolocation databases augmented with spectrum sensing techniques. However, the challenging problem of secondary-secondary coexistence?in particular, heterogeneous secondary coexistence- has garnered much less attention in the standards and related literature. The coexistence of heterogeneous secondary networks poses challenging problems due to a number of factors, including the disparity of PHY/MAC strategies of the coexisting systems. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms that have been proposed for heterogeneous coexistence, and propose a taxonomy of those mechanisms targeting TVWSs. Through this taxonomy, our aim is to offer a clear picture of the heterogeneous coexistence issues and related technical challenges, and shed light on the possible solution space.
The Lack of Evidence for PET or PET/CT Surveillance of Patients with Treated Lymphoma, Colorectal Cancer, and Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review

PET and PET/CT are widely used for surveillance of patients after cancer treatments. We conducted a systematic review to assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of PET and PET/CT used for surveillance in several cancers. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases from 1996 to March 2012 for English-language studies of PET or PET/CT used for surveillance of patients with lymphoma, colorectal cancer, or head and neck cancer. We included prospective or retrospective studies that reported test accuracy and comparative studies that assessed clinical impact. Results: Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria: 6 lymphoma (n = 767 patients), 2 colorectal cancer (n = 96), and 4 head and neck cancer (n = 194). All studies lacked a uniform definition of surveillance and scan protocols. Half the studies were retrospective, and a third were rated as low quality. The majority reported sensitivities and specificities in the range of 90%–100%, although several studies reported lower results. The only randomized controlled trial, a colorectal cancer study with 65 patients in the surveillance arm, reported earlier detection of recurrences with PET and suggested improved clinical outcomes. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the clinical impact of PET or PET/CT surveillance for these cancers. The lack of standard definitions for surveillance, heterogeneous scanning protocols, and inconsistencies in reporting test accuracy preclude making an informed judgment on the value of PET for this potential indication.
A landmark contribution to poultry science—Immunological function of the bursa of Fabricius

The article "The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production" by Bruce Glick, Timothy S. Chang, and R. George Jaap first demonstrated the role of the bursa in immune development. Birds, including chickens, possess a peculiar organ, the bursa of Fabricius. The organ was recognized for more than 300 yr before its function was described in 1956. Discovery of the bursa as an essential component of the immune response began by accident. Removal of the bursa, bursectomy, during the rapid growth period diminished the antibody response to Salmonella. A paper describing this exceptional finding was initially rejected by Science and ultimately published in Poultry Science. This revelation triggered sequential events leading to the understanding of the dichotomy of the immune response. Additional work in multiple laboratories over many years revealed fundamental immune mechanisms attributable to the bursa. Understanding those mechanisms advanced agricultural and biomedical science.
Associations between parental limits, school vending machine purchases, and soft drink consumption among Kentucky middle school students.

Abstract Objective To examine associations between parental limits on soft drinks and purchasing soft drinks from school vending machines and consuming soft drinks among middle school students. Design Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the middle school Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Setting Eight public middle schools in central Kentucky. Participants All sixth- through eighth-grade students in 7 schools and all eighth-grade students in 1 school (n = 4,049). Variables Measured Self-reported parental limits on soft drink intake, school vending machine soft drink purchases, soft drink consumption, and control variables. Analysis Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses. Results Compared to students with no parental limits on soft drink consumption, students with the strictest limits were less likely to purchase soft drinks from school vending machines and consume soft drinks; conversely, students with minor parental limitations were more likely to consume soft drinks. The odds of consuming soft drinks were nearly 4 times greater when students purchased soft drinks from school vending machines than when they did not. Conclusions and Implications Further research may enhance understanding of the influence of varying degrees of parental limitations. Efforts to reduce children's soft drink consumption may be augmented by policies limiting soft drink purchases in schools.
Confronting publication bias: A cohort design for meta‐analysis

In evaluating therapies, clinical investigators often need to rely on the published clinical trial literature which may be biased in favour of studies with positive or 'encouraging' results and this may lead to erroneous conclusions of therapeutic effectiveness. The problem of publication bias can be magnified when the evaluation is based on a pooled analysis of clinical trial results, since in this case even small differences between treatment groups may reach statistical significance. In this paper a model is developed for pooling the results of clinical trials which is free from publication bias. It is proposed that an international registry of all clinical trials be established with the objectives and endpoints of each trial clearly defined in the register. In this way for each therapeutic issue researchers can select a cohort of clinical trials independently from the trial results. The approach is illustrated using the International Cancer Research Data Bank (ICRDB) registry of cancer clinical trials to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. In this example, the conclusions based on a pooled analysis of registered trials have important differences from a more traditional review of the published trials. Implications of the results and problems in implementing the model are discussed.
Quality of attachment and home environments in children prenatally exposed to PCP and cocaine

Quality of attachment, disorganization in attachment, and the contribution of caregiver interactions in the home were investigated for infants prenatally exposed to PCP and cocaine and their caregivers. The drug-exposed infants were compared with infants of similar ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and living in the same geographical area of the city with non-substance-abusing mothers. The majority of drug-exposed infants were insecurely attached to their caregivers and did not differ in the percentage of security in the three caregiving environments in which the infants were growing up: biologic mother care, kinship care, or foster mother care. The majority of drug-exposed children were disorganized. Change in caregivers during the first year was not found to be related to the rate of insecurity in any of the caregiving environments. The majority of the non-drug-exposed comparison infants were securely attached, and only a small percentage were disorganized. The high incidence of insecurity in the drug-exposed group is discussed in relation to maternal and environmental circumstances that can alter the assumption of security in attachment for the majority of children and caregivers toward insecurity in attachment.
Optimal Reception In Depolarizing Clutter

Various aspects of the physics of partially polarized waves are discussed with applications to optical (lidar) reception problems. we focus on the issue of optimal intensity reception of partially polarized waves scattered off a fluctuating object (ensemble of scatterers) of known polarization properties (measured Mueller matrix). Expressions for total available intensity and "adjustable" (polarization-dependent) intensity are derived in a clear and novel manner via the coherency matrix approach. A general numerical technique is develop ed and illustrated for the optimization of "adjustable" intensity as a function of transmitted polarization. Closed form expressions are derived for two important subcases, and numerical illustrations for the general case are discussed in detail, including the use of relevant experimental data.
Rat Mast Cells

The correlation of histamine content and mast cell counts in various tissues by Riley and West (1953) implicated mast cells in the biology of histamine long after the effect of histamine on vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction were known. The histamine content, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content, and mast cell numbers were shown to vary in parallel from various regions of the skin in rats (West, 1959). Histamine releasers given to rats produced edema in characteristic skin locations corresponding to those containing mast cells and known to be rich in histamine (Benditt et al., 1955a; West, 1959). Research on rat mast cells was facilitated by the ability to obtain large numbers of pure cells from the peritoneal cavity for these studies (Padawer and Gordan, 1955). Only recently have readily available sources of purified populations of normal mast cells and basophils from other species been developed for this purpose. Rat peritoneal mast cells provided a key source of mast cells that allowed a number of important investigations to proceed before other sources of normal mast cells and basophils were developed.
A unified multiple-level cache for high performance storage systems

Multi-level cache hierarchies are widely used in high-performance storage systems to improve I/O performance. However, traditional cache management algorithms are not suited well for such cache organizations. Recently proposed multi-level cache replacement algorithms using aggressive exclusive caching work well with single or multiple-client, low-correlated workloads, but suffer serious performance degradation with multiple-client, high-correlated workloads. In this paper, we propose a new cache management algorithm that handles multi-level buffer caches by forming a unified cache (uCache) which uses both exclusive caching in L2 storage caches and cooperative client caching. We also propose a new local replacement algorithm, frequency based eviction-reference (FBER), based on our study of access patterns in exclusive caches. Our simulation results show that uCache increases the cumulative cache hit ratio dramatically. Compared to other popular cache algorithms, like LRU, the I/O response time is improved by up to 46% for low-correlated workloads and 53% for high-correlated workloads.
SPARC M7: A 20 nm 32-Core 64 MB L3 Cache Processor

The SPARC M7 processor offers up to 3 $\times$ the throughput performance of Oracle's previous SPARC processor generation for many enterprise workloads. It contains 32 highly optimized S4 cores that include a more efficient L2 cache scheme, support for VIS extensions, virtual address masking, and user-level synchronization instructions to provide substantial single thread performance over the predecessor design. A total of 256 threads per chip provide the throughput performance required by even the most demanding enterprise applications. Both throughput and single thread performance benefit from a large fully shared 64 MB on-chip L3 cache with very low latency. The 0.5 TB/s on-chip communications bandwidth requirements are served via a semi-custom on-chip network (OCN) in place of the traditional crossbar. Hardware database analytics accelerator units (DAX) achieve up to 10 $\times$ the performance for in-memory database queries, include decompression and messaging operations, and support pointer version checking for securing application data through application data integrity (ADI), as well as fine grained memory migration. The SerDes IO operate up to 18 Gbps, offering 1 TB/s total bandwidth for memory and multi-socket interfaces. New on-chip power management features include fast and accurate dynamic power meters, thermal sensors, and a fine-grain thermal, current, and chip power control engine to enable maximum performance/Watt. Special circuits like the voltage shift module (VSM) were developed to cope with the clock and voltage domain crossing issues, while the asymmetric frequency lock loop (AFLL) main clock generation circuit also provides Ldi/dt droop compensation leading to substantial power savings.
Hans Christian Ørsted: Reading Nature's Mind

Dan Christensen's biography of Hans Christian Orsted is a worthy monument to a figure who, next to Niels Bohr, can be counted as Denmark's most illustrious scientist. Orsted's 1820 discovery of the...
Aldrin Susceptibility as an Indicator of Geographic Variability in the Northern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, beetles from three sites in Iowa and one in South Dakota had LD50 values for the insecticide aldrin that differed, significantly, from 2.71 to 246.8 µg/g. The difference between geographic populations as seen in field-collected beetles paralleled that in larval and adult progeny reared in the laboratory.
Number of recent inpatient admissions as a risk factor for increased complications, length of stay, and cost in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for increased complication rate, hospital charges, and length of stay in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A better understanding of risk factors for perioperative complications in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion can aid with patient selection and postoperative monitoring. Previous studies have assessed the impact of factors such as body mass index, age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification on complication rate. METHODS Data were acquired from the institution's quality improvement data set. Preoperative demographic factors included sex, age, number of inpatient admissions in the prior year, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity score, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, number of levels fused, operative duration, and medications on admission. Complications recorded included pneumonia, myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolic event, hardware failure, readmission, or unplanned return to the operating room. Multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of increased complication rate, hospital charges, and length of stay. RESULTS A total of 462 patients were included. A history of more than 1 admission in the prior year was the only variable significantly associated with increased complication rate (odds ratio 10.56, P < 0.0001). History of more than 1 admission in the prior year (+1.92 d, P < 0.0001), operative duration more than 5 hours (+0.81 d, P = 0.008), and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification 3 or greater (+0.75 d, P = 0.01) were associated with increased length of stay, whereas history of more than 1 admission in the prior year (+$27,798, P < 0.0001), fusion of 4 or more levels (+$38,043, P < 0.0001), and operative duration more than 5 hours (+$40,298, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased total charges. CONCLUSION The number of inpatient admissions in the prior year was found to be a more powerful predictor of perioperative risk after lumbar fusion than metrics evaluated in prior studies, such as age, body mass index, and comorbidities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Robert Hooke's model of memory.

In 1682 the scientist and inventor Robert Hooke read a lecture to the Royal Society of London, in which he described a mechanistic model of human memory. Yet few psychologists today seem to have heard of Hooke’s memory model. The lecture addressed questions of encoding, memory capacity, repetition, retrieval, and forgetting—some of these in a surprisingly modern way. Hooke’s model shares several characteristics with the theory of Richard Semon, which came more than 200 years later, but it is more complete. Among the model’s interesting properties are that (1) it allows for attention and other top-down influences on encoding; (2) it uses resonance to implement parallel, cue-dependent retrieval; (3) it explains memory for recency; (4) it offers a single-system account of repetition priming; and (5) the power law of forgetting can be derived from the model’s assumptions in a straightforward way.
TU-FG-206-03: Imaging Informatics for the Medical Physicist

The field of imaging informatics is a subfield of biomedical informatics that combines medical physics with computer, clinical, and cognitive sciences. In this session jointly sponsored with the Society of Imaging Informatics in Medicine, we will provide an overview of the field starting with the highly applied role of information technology working with imaging modalities to research areas in computer vision, annotation markup, and semantic ontologies that can leverage machine encoded reasoning systems. We will highlight new technologies that are beneficial to medical physicists conducting research as well as translating research into clinical practice. Define the field of imaging informatics as it relates to medical physics Discuss DICOM interoperability standards and the certification for imaging informatics professional. Highlight research areas in imaging informatics
Organogels in Drug Delivery: A Special Emphasis on Pluronic Lecithin Organogels.

Organogels have emerged as an alternative carrier for small and macromolecules via transdermal, oral, rectal and ophthalmic routes. Pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO gels) are lecithin-based organogels widely used in compounding pharmacies as a vehicle for enhancing the transdermal permeability of many therapeutic drugs. However, the scientific and systematic evidence in support of how well PLO gels help in transdermal delivery is scanty. Recently, some clinical studies have reported nearly complete lack of bioavailability of certain topically administered drugs from PLO gels. The present review aims at summarizing gels and organogels, with a focus on the use of PLO gels in transdermal drug delivery. A special emphasis is placed on controversies looming over the use of PLO gels as a delivery platform for drugs via transdermal route. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Effect of single and combination of three triazine metabolites at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The sensitivity of early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to chronic exposure to single and combined environmental concentrations of the triazine metabolites terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy, terbuthylazine-desethyl and atrazine 2-hydroxy was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Their effects were assessed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione), mortality, growth, development and histology. Single metabolites (terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy—0.73 μg/L; terbuthylazine-desethyl—1.80 μg/L; atrazine 2-hydroxy—0.66 μg/L) and combinations were not associated with negative effects on hatching, behaviour, embryo viability, growth or early ontogeny. Carp exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl at 1.80 μg/L showed significantly lower total superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity compared with the control group. Liver histology revealed diffused steatosis associated with the presence of lipid inclusions in hepatic cells in groups exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl, atrazine 2-hydroxy and the tested combination of metabolites.
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS AND NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Abstract 1 Plasma prolactin (Prl) can serve as an indicator of hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) activity in humans. 2 All major classes of neuroleptic (NL) or antipsychotic (AP) drugs were studied in humans. Clinically efficaceous drugs consistently stimulate Prl while other psychotropic drugs do not. 3 The Prl response is graded according to dose (within a limited range) and correlates highly with clinical potency. 4 The Prl test should be useful in evaluating potentially efficaceous AD drugs in man. 5 Normal and schizophrenic subjects do not differ in their Prl responses suggesting that the TIDA system is not involved in schizophrenia.
Omaha And The Evolving Business Model Of Trauma Care

Trauma is the leading cause of death for those between the ages of one to forty-five in the United States. Trauma care has increased in complexity and has become a significant contributor to rising medical costs in the United States. The successful management of trauma care has been an enormous challenge to hospital executives. Two medical centers in Omaha, Nebraska recently abandoned a successful joint trauma care business model to operate independent trauma centers. This case can be used in a number of courses, including Accounting, Finance, and Health Care Management.
Becoming an Urban Science Teacher: Teacher Learning as the Collective Performance of Conceptions

This case study explores a teacher’s learning within the contexts of her science methods course and field placement in two elementary dual language classrooms. Elena was a neuroscience major in her second semester of a pre-service teacher education program that also includes a science methods seminar attended by in-service and pre-service teachers. In the seminar, Elena partnered with two dual language teachers from a local, public, elementary school, Ms. Aron, a second-grade teacher, and Mrs. Hernandez, a fifth-grade teacher. She spent one period a week over 10 weeks observing and teaching in each classroom, and one period a week planning with her partner teachers, for a total of 30 h of fieldwork. The dual language model called for all science instruction to be conducted in Spanish. The analysis focuses on two pedagogical interventions employed in the seminar and explores linkages to Elena’s classroom practices. Three questions frame this study: (a) In what way do changes in Elena’s practices expand her schema regarding children’s ideas about science? (b) What ideas do children bring about a unit topic and how does Elena use those ideas to shape instructional goals? (c) What are some of the linkages between Elena’s developing schema and practices, her identity, and her enactment of a science lesson? In exploring these questions, I show the ways Elena’s conceptions result from individual | collective activity, and thus draw on psychological and sociological frames to describe Elena’s journey of becoming an urban science teacher.
Neoplasms of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Malignant neoplasms of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) (Van Furth et al ., 1972) include acute and chronic monocytic leukemias, and various malignant histiocytoses. There is considerable confusion in the classification of these neoplasms, particularly in regard to the malignant histiocytoses and their separation from histiocytoses of varying aggressiveness (e.g., histiocytosis X). Furthermore, the diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasms has often been based on histopathologic criteria of varying precision, and only recently have such diagnoses been confirmed by cytochemical and ultrastructural examinations. Finally, our knowledge of MPS subpopulations is rudimentary and immunologic or functional techniques for recognizing normal or neoplastic MPS subpopulations are not generally available. It is not surprising, therefore, that the clinical and pathological features of only a few MPS neoplasms are well-defined (Groopman and Golde, 1981). In this chapter, malignant neoplasms are separated from those proliferations such as histiocytosis X in which malignant features have not been clearly established. In this regard/we have not accepted fatal illnesses associated with widespread dissemination as definitive evidence for malignancy.
Accessibility for Electronic Resources Librarians

ABSTRACTElectronic resources librarians mediate access to a variety of resources and content ranging from electronic journals and databases provided by publishers and vendors to locally produced web pages, documentation, and instructional videos. Providing accessible resources is essential to ensuring equal access and opportunity for students, faculty, and staff in higher education. This article explains accessibility and provides strategies for creating an accessibility initiative at your college or university.
Nine species from Madagascar are moved from Vernonia to Distephanus (Compositae, Vernonieae)

The genus Distephanus is native to Madagascar, the Mauritius, central and southern Africa, Yemen (Socotra Island), and China. The majority of the diversity is found in Madagascar. Here we provide new combinations for nine species of Vernonia that belong in Distephanus, all from Madagascar. All of the species were formerly placed in the large genus Vernonia, now greatly reduced.
Issues and Impediments to Theoretical Unification

This chapter considers a variety of issues regarding impediments to the theoretical unification of psychological science. Special attention is paid to the current emphasis on original research and bias against replication. Consideration is given to professional identity, personality factors, and the lack of incentives for working cooperatively towards theoretical unification. Arguments against the desirability of theoretical unification and the possibility of achieving it are examined. They include fears that theoretical unification will constitute an intellectual strait-jacket that will prohibit originality and jeopardize academic freedom. Reasons why some think that it is theoretically impossible to unify psychological science are examined. Long-standing philosophical schisms that have effectively divided psychologists are discussed. They include differences regarding the acceptability of procedural vs. validating evidence, the extent to which theories must and can be falsifiable, whether mind exists separate from brain, the role of reductionism vs. emergence, whether determinism is hard or soft, the role of nature vs. nurture, the relevance of animal research, and whether theories should follow a rule-based computer-centered model or a brain-based network-centered model. The relevance of introspection vs. extraspection, the role of final vs. efficient causes, the relevance of experimental vs. naturalistic observation, the role of ideographic vs. nomothetic research methods, and the use of dialectical vs. demonstrative reasoning are also considered. Some of these philosophical schisms are found to be false dichotomies where choice is more apparent than real. Other schisms are muted to where they should no longer support separate schools and camps.
Some Thoughts on Real Estate Pricing

In this article, the author examines two key aspects of commercial real estate pricing. First, the spread between interest rates and commercial real estate pricing represents the market’s consensus view on the future growth of real estate’s (unlevered) cash flow less the differential in their return premiums. Second, real estate pricing itself is examined. Real estate’s (unlevered) cash-flow yield should equal the real return requirement grossed up for inflationary effects plus the uncompensated portion of inflationary growth in future cash flows (i.e., the extent to which the expected growth of real estate’s cash flow lags the expected inflation rate). A change in interest rates resulting from a change in the expected inflation rate will not affect real estate pricing, provided the real estate markets are operating at or near equilibrium. A change in interest rates resulting from a change in the real-return requirement will directly affect real estate pricing—even when the real estate markets are operating at or near equilibrium.
Rhodium Complexes of 2,6-Bis(dialkylphosphinomethyl)pyridines: Improved C–H Activation, Expanded Reaction Scope, and Catalytic Direct Arylation

The reactivity of (PNP)Rh(Ph) (PNP = 2,6-bis(dialkylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) toward a variety of electrophiles (Ar–I, ArCH2Cl, O2, I2, B2pin2, and ArSO3H) was explored, and several new modes of oxidative reactivity were observed. Substituting tBu2P for iPr2P provided 100-fold rate enhancement toward C–H bond activation and addressed the previously reported challenge of N2 inhibition. Studying the stoichiometric reactivity of (PNP)Rh complexes toward C–H cleavage and oxidative functionalization led to (PNP)Rh-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodides with sp2 and sp3 C–H bonds.
ACUTE RUPTURE OF SINUS OF VALSALVA ANEURYSM: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF SHORTNESS OF BREATH

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare cardiac anomalies, often associated with coexisting cardiac lesions (VSD, aortic regurgitation). Acute rupture remains the most common and potentially most life-threatening complication. A 64-year-old female with no known history of heart disease presented with
Reversible renal glomerular dysfunction in guinea pigs exposed to glutaraldehyde-polymerized cell-free hemoglobin.

Abstract Chemically modified hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers are promising oxygen replacement therapeutics however their potential renal effects are not fully understood. Using a guinea pig exchange transfusion model, we examined the effects of glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin (HbG) on the permeability and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), which is comprised of podocytes, fenestrated endothelium, and the glomerular basement membrane. HbG induced marked proteinuria characterized in part by the loss of high molecular weight proteins, including albumin, immunoglobulin, and transferrin, at 4 and 12 h post-infusion that resolved by 72 h. This correlated with HbG-induced GFB alterations based on the reduced expression of specific markers of podocytes (podocin, nephrin, podocalyxin, and Wilms Tumor 1 protein) and endothelial cells (ETS-related gene and claudin-5). Lectin binding studies also demonstrated marked but reversible alterations to the GFB glycocalyx accompanied by increased intraglomerular HbG deposition and 4-HNE protein adduct expression indicative of oxidative damage. Together, these findings indicate that HbG induces reversible glomerular barrier dysfunction in conjunction with transient GFB changes providing new insight into the renal response to chemically modified Hb therapeutics.
WHAT CAN ONE LEARN ABOUT LYMPHOCYTES BY STUDYING H-2 MUTATIONS

Publisher Summary Serological methods are based on reactions of serum antibodies and serum antibodies produced by differentiated B cells. B lymphocytes are able to recognize the new antigens. As histogenetic methods are based on reactions of T cells, the H antigens are recognized by T lymphocytes. The reactions caused by the H-2 mutants are sometimes discounted as weak, negligible, or ephemeric. Skin grafts exchanged between an H-2 mutant and its parental congenic line are rejected within three weeks after transplantation, that is, within the time limit characteristic of a strong H antigen. All H-2 mutations are analyzed and detected by their capability to cause rejection on skin grafts. All are capable in stimulation reactions measured by other T-cell assays: mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML), and production of an allogeneic supernatant.
The role of community social capital for food security following an extreme weather event

Abstract The current climate change trajectory is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (EWE), which have the potential to influence community food security. This research explores the influence of social capital on U.S. rural community responses to an EWE, and its impact on community food security. After the 2011 EWE Tropical Storm Irene in VT, both bonding and bridging social capital influenced rural community responses to the EWE. Communities with high levels of social capital prior to the EWE led to effective action improving and stabilizing community food security immediately after the event. However, low levels of social capital prior to the EWE did not negatively affect community response when bridging social capital was engaged by a central community actor during and after the EWE. Our findings indicate that rural communities with high levels of bonding and/or bridging social capital facilitates a collective community response to short-term community food security during and after an EWE. The findings also show that a community's sense of place is different depending on the level of community social capital present prior to an EWE. We discovered a connection between a rural community's access to and effective use of physical capital to help mitigate community food insecurity, and that community's level of bonding and bridging social capital prior to the EWE. We suggest areas for future research to investigate how rural social capital can help build/maintain physical capital to increase rural resiliency and expand adaptation capacity. As such, we suggest that promoting the use and development of social capital can build resiliency and adaptation to future EWE by promoting the growth of community social capital, both bonding and bridging, within rural communities.
U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, petrography, and synthesis of the middle Neoproterozoic Visingsö Group, Southern Sweden

Abstract The middle Neoproterozoic Visingso Group, Southern Sweden, is a fossiliferous mixed carbonate-siliciclastic unit that provides an environmental and biological record of southeast (present day coordinates) Baltica. Extensive work on microfossil assemblages has allowed correlation with geochronologically constrained middle Neoproterozoic units elsewhere and a proposed depositional age between ∼780 and 730 Ma. The stratigraphic succession comprises three informal formations that record a shift in depositional environment from fluviomarine to a retrograding marine fan delta system. Petrographic and U-Pb LA-ICPMS detrital zircon (DZ) analyses are reported on six sandstone samples spanning the three formations. DZ ages range from 2840 to 919 Ma, with significant populations at 1870, 1800, 1320, and 1020 Ma. Each formation is characterized by a distinct age distribution. In the lower formation, ages are dominated by a peak at 1020 Ma, in the middle formation, however, ages are skewed toward 1800–1870 Ma. DZs from the upper formation display a more bell-curve shaped distribution, with dominant age peaks at 1550 and 1420 Ma. Provenance analysis indicates that the lower formation was likely sourced from the Feda-Sirdal magmatic belt in the distal Telemarkia lithotectonic unit to the west. DZ populations in the middle formation, combined with sedimentology, indicate tectonic activity and sourcing of the older Transscandinavian Igneous Belt east of the Sveconorwegian Front. DZs from the upper member show a predominance of Gothian and Hallandian magmatic rocks sourced from the west and, coupled with sedimentology, indicate tectonic quiescence. The maximum depositional age (919 ± 25 Ma, youngest single grain; 941 ± 12 Ma, average of five youngest grains) is more than 100 m.y. older than the purported age of the strata based on previous paleontological studies, and therefore necessitates that other dating methods be utilized to generate an age model for the Visingso Group.
Addressing constraints to private financing of urban (climate) infrastructure in developing countries

Urban infrastructure investment needs in the developing world are immense, particularly when the additional costs associated with lower carbon, more climate-resilient options are considered. These ...
DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS OF BURNING DROPLETS IN THE PRESENCE OF BACKLIGHT DIFFRACTION AND SOOT

Approaches for analyzing digital images of moving and burning fuel droplets, with the goal of accurately measuring droplet edge coordinates, are discussed. Strategies for locating droplet edges in the presence of obscuration from soot and also backlight diffraction at the droplet edge are described. An outlier detection method is employed to identify outliers in droplet edge coordinates, and the resulting data can have significantly smaller standard deviations in droplet diameters if outliers are rejected, especially for droplets that exhibit significant soot formation. The approaches described herein are applied to images from droplet combustion experiments performed on the International Space Station as well as to synthetic image sequences that were generated to enable the accuracy of the algorithms to be assessed.
Bin1 antibody lowers the expression of phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder responsible for memory loss leading to the inability to carry out the simplest tasks. AD is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. As yet there are no effective medications to treat this debilitating disease. In recent years, a human gene called bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) has emerged as one of the most important genes in affecting the incidence of sporadic AD. Bin1 can directly bind to Tau and mediates late onset AD risk by modulating Tau pathology. Recently our group found Bin1 antibody could exert drug-like properties in an animal model of ulcerative colitis. We hypothesized that the Bin1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) could be used in the treatment of AD by lowering the levels of Tau in cell culture and animal models. Cell culture studies confirmed that the Bin1 mAb (99D) could lower the levels of phosphorylated Tau (pTau). Multiple mechanisms aided by endosomal proteins and Fc gamma receptors are involved in the uptake of Bin1 mAb into cells. In Tau expressing cell culture, the Bin1 mAb induces the proteasome machinery leading to ubiquitination of molecules thereby preventing cell stress. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment of P301S mice expressing Tau with the Bin1 mAb survived longer than the untreated mice. Our data confirm that Bin1 mAb lowers the levels of pTau and could be a drug candidate in the treatment of AD.
The Goddess and the Great Rite: Hindu Tantra and the Complex Origins of Modern Wicca

This chapter examines the complex mix of influences that gave birth to Gerald Gardner’s modern Wicca tradition. While most of the scholarly attention so far has focused on the influence of Western literature and esoteric traditions on Gardner’s Wicca, this article explores a much less understood but perhaps equally important influence: namely, Hindu Tantra, which was directly known to Gardner through the writings of Aleister Crowley and his associate, Gerald Yorke. While the similarities are many, they are most obvious in Gardner’s view of the female body as an embodiment of divine power and in his description of the central Wiccan sexual ritual, the Great Rite. It proposes that Hindu Tantra is by no means the only or most important influence in Gardner’s early movement but should instead be understood as one of many elements that comprise the rich bricolage or hybrid synthesis that is modern Wicca.
Thick, syndetic, and piecewise syndetic subsets of Fraïssé structures

Abstract We define and undertake a systematic study of thick, syndetic, and piecewise syndetic subsets of a Fraisse structure. Each of these collections forms a family in the sense of Akin and Glasner [1] , and we define and study ultrafilters on each of these families, paying special attention to ultrafilters on the thick sets. In the process, we generalize many results of Bergelson, Hindman, and McCutcheon [4] . We also discuss some abstract questions about families implicit in the work of Akin and Glasner.