cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice Legislation in the American States: A Statutory Analysis of Emerging Legal Doctrine

Restorative justice is a relatively new approach to crime response, developing in the U.S. since the 1970s. Over the past three decades, these practices have been incorporated into legislation. Using content analysis of statutes in state criminal and juvenile codes, this study asks how restorative justice has been translated into law. The authors find that 32 states now have statutory support for the use of restorative justice, and that legislation ranges widely from general statements of support to structured use of restorative practices in at least some instances and for some offenders. Implications for practitioners, policy makers, and scholars are suggested.
Effects of mast cell modulation on early host response to implanted synthetic meshes

Mast cells (MCs) and their products (e.g., histamine, serotonin, heparin, prostaglandins, cytokines, etc.) play key roles in controlling local inflammation, wound healing, and foreign body reactions in vivo. Investigation of the role of MCs in mediating local tissue responses to synthetic hernia meshes has been very limited to date. We aimed to determine the effects of MCs/MC products in mice undergoing synthetic mesh implantation. Circular samples (5 mm) of heavyweight microporous polypropylene (Trelex®), midweight microporous polypropylene (ProLite™), lightweight macroporous polypropylene with poliglecaprone (Ultrapro™), and 3-dimensional macroporous polyester (Parietex™) meshes were implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 J mice with and without cromolyn (MC stabilizer/suppressant) treatment (50 mg/kg, daily IP). Two weeks post-implantation, all meshes were explanted and evaluated histologically using HE inter-fiber inflammation and fibrosis diminished as mesh porosity increased. MC accumulation was seen at the periphery of inflammatory reactions, and in association with mesh-induced fibrosis and neovascularization. Cromolyn treatment resulted in significantly decreased fibrotic responses to all four meshes and reduced inflammation induced by Trelex®, ProLite™, and Parietex™ meshes but not Ultrapro™. We demonstrated that MCs play important roles in mesh-induced host tissue reactions. Blocking MC degranulation decreased early inflammation and fibrosis induced by most synthetic meshes in this study. Further evaluation and understanding of the role of MCs in mesh-induced tissue reactions will provide new therapeutic approaches to enhance the biocompatibility of surgical meshes and ultimately improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hernia repair with synthetic biomaterials.
The Genotyping Potential of the Mycoplasma synoviae vlhA Gene

SUMMARY. Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) continues to cause significant losses to poultry producers, and studying the epizootiology of infection is an important component of MS control. The partial variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene is the only genomic target identified so far for MS sequence typing. The vlhA gene codes for two variable cell surface proteins, lipoprotein and hemagglutinin, and the proposed mechanism for the variation is gene conversion between a single expressed gene and an array of pseudogenes. The upstream portion of the vlhA gene is present in the genome in a single copy (not present in the pseudogenes), and it is the only part of the gene that can be used for targeted sequence typing. However, the 3′ end of the vlhA “single copy” as well as this region's discriminatory potential for genotyping purposes has not been established. The purpose of this study was to identify the exact limit and the genotyping potential of the vlhA single copy region. New PCR assays were developed to ...
Evaluation of Coturnix (Japanese Quail) as Pilot Animal for Poultry

Abstract RESEARCH work in poultry is often handicapped by limits in budget, time, and space. Some of these problems might be alleviated by using Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) as a pilot animal for the more expensive experiments on chickens or turkeys. The use of pilot animals in poultry research is not a new idea. Drosophila (fruit flies) and Tribolium (flour beetles) have been used in genetic studies (Bell et al., 1955; and Clayton and Robertson, 1957); Drosophila has also been used in controlled selection experiments with media deficient in important nutrients (Sang, 1959). Tenebrio, another flour beetle, has been used by some in nutrition studies for many years (Fraenkel, 1951). These insects differ from the fowl in many important features, none having a close physiological resemblance to fowl. In addition, certain types of study are not possible with insects. Bantam chickens have been advocated for pilot studies by some (Lucky…
Mass Spectrometry and its Applications in Life Sciences

Deciphering the biological and clinical significance of the proteins is investigated by mass spectrometry in a relatively new field, named proteomics. Mass spectrometry is, however, also used in chemistry for many years. In this Research Front we try to show the potential use of mass spectrometry in chemical, environmental and biomedical research and also to illustrate the applications of mass spectrometry in proteomics.
Cytoskeletal protein binding kinetics at planar phospholipid membranes

It has been hypothesized that nonspecific reversible binding of cytoskeletal proteins to lipids in cells may guide their binding to integral membrane anchor proteins. In a model system, we measured desorption rates k(off) (off-rates) of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins spectrin and protein 4.1 labeled with carboxyfluorescein (CF), at two different compositions of planar phospholipid membranes (supported on glass), using the total internal reflection/fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (TIR/FRAP) technique. The lipid membranes consisted of either pure phosphatidylcholine (PC) or a 3:1 mixture of PC with phosphatidylserine (PS). In general, the off-rates were not single exponentials and were fit to a combination of fast, slow, and irreversible fractions, reported both separately and as a weighted average. By a variation of TIR/FRAP, we also measured equilibrium affinities (the ratio of surface-bound to bulk protein concentration) and thereby calculated on-rates, k(on). The average off-rate of CF-4.1 from PC/PS (approximately 0.008/s) is much slower than that from pure PC (approximately 1.7/s). Despite the consequent increase in equilibrium affinity at PC/PS, the on-rate at PC/PS is also substantially decreased (by a factor of 40) relative to that at pure PC. The simultaneous presence of (unlabeled) spectrin tends to substantially decrease the on-rate (and the affinity) of CF-4.1 at both membrane types. Similar experiments for CF-spectrin alone showed much less sensitivity to membrane type and generally faster off-rates than those exhibited by CF-4.1. However, when mixed with (unlabeled) 4.1, both the on-rate and off-rate of CF-spectrin decreased drastically at PC/PS (but not PC), leading to a somewhat increased affinity. Clearly, changes in affinity often involve countervailing changes in both on-rates and off-rates. In many of these studies, the effect of varying ionic strength and bulk concentrations was examined; it appears that the binding is an electrostatic attraction and is far from saturation at the concentrations employed. These results and the techniques implemented carry general implications for understanding the functional role of nonspecific protein binding to cellular lipid membranes.
Performance Evaluation and Reliable Implementation of Data Transmission for Wireless Sensors on Rotating Mechanical Structures

Wireless sensors are increasingly adopted in mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering systems to acquire and wirelessly transmit sensed information to data receivers for structural health or ma...
Don't look down: emotional arousal elevates height perception.

In a series of experiments, it was found that emotional arousal can influence height perception. In Experiment 1, participants viewed either arousing or nonarousing images before estimating the height of a 2-story balcony and the size of a target on the ground below the balcony. People who viewed arousing images overestimated height and target size more than did those who viewed nonarousing images. However, in Experiment 2, estimates of horizontal distances were not influenced by emotional arousal. In Experiment 3, both valence and arousal cues were manipulated, and it was found that arousal, but not valence, moderated height perception. In Experiment 4, participants either up-regulated or downregulated their emotional experience while viewing emotionally arousing images, and a control group simply viewed the arousing images. Those participants who up-regulated their emotional experience overestimated height more than did the control or down-regulated participants. In sum, emotional arousal influences estimates of height, and this influence can be moderated by emotion regulation strategies.
Prediction of protein crystallization outcome using a hybrid method.

The great power of protein crystallography to reveal biological structure is often limited by the tremen26 dous effort required to produce suitable crystals. A hybrid crystal growth predictive model is presented 27 that combines both experimental and sequence-derived data from target proteins, including novel vari28 ables derived from physico-chemical characterization such as R30, the ratio between a protein’s DSF 29 intensity at 30 C and at Tm. This hybrid model is shown to be more powerful than sequence-based pre30 diction alone – and more likely to be useful for prioritizing and directing the efforts of structural genom31 ics and individual structural biology laboratories. 32
Arabic acid and its salts II. The effect of cations on the viscosity of arabic acid solutions

Curves illustrating the effect of cations on the viscosity of arabic acid solutions are shown and discussed. The relationship of these data to the stability of emulsions and suspensions is considered.
Optimal Estimation of Hydrographic Station Data and Derived Fields

Abstract Optimal estimation is applied to contouring and analysis of hydrographic sections. Measured fields, such as temperature and salinity, and derived fields, such as geostrophic velocity, are decomposed into large-scale and small-scale components. First, a heavily sampled basin-scale field is estimated and subtracted from the data. A small-scale field, barely resolved by the hydrography, is then found from the residuals. The power and utility of the technique are illustrated by means of examples, using a short section from the Straits of Florida and a transatlantic section along 24°N.
Match-Me: A web based Human leukocyte antigen matching environment

The fundamental source for Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type match for patients and donors is the bone marrow or cord blood transplants. Serving as identifiers, HLA are proteins (also called markers) found on most cells in the body and used by the immune system to recognize natural habitat of the cells. In other words, which cells belong to the body and can be accepted or which are foreign and may be rejected [1]. Therefore, a web-based virtual data integration system is proposed to facilitate and improve the HLA matching process for donors. More specifically, data from multiple sources will be integrated to provide likelihood match scores.
Applicability of Using the CAR-II Model in Design and Evaluation of Multioperator Workstations with Shared Controls

This study was done to show how a computerized workstation design program could be used to design and evaluate workstations having multiple operators with shared or common controls. To do this the Computerized Assessment of Reach program (CAR) was used to evaluate the cockpit of the OH-58A (Huey) helicopter. This same program was then used to demonstrate methods of cockpit redesign.
Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on apoptosis in acute heart transplantation rejection

Objective To study the effect of hepatocyte growth factor on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during acute heart transplantation rejection in rat.Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation model in rats was set up.Thirty-two heart transplantation SD rats were divided into two groups randomly:control group(normal saline 1 ml/kg per day),HGF group(HGF 50 μg/kg per day during the initial 15 days after transplantation).Histopathological rejection grade and apoptotic index were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,myocyte apoptosis reduce markedly(P0.05),the damage to the graft tissue was reduced,and allografted heart survival significantly prolonged in HGF-treated group (P0.05).Conclusion Exogenous HGF can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis apparently and suppress cardiac allograft rejection.It could prolong the survival time of transplanted hearts.
A Comparative Analysis of Vietnamese-speaking,Korean-speaking and English-speaking Chinese-learners in Acquiring Chinese Personal Words

By comparing the acquisition processes of Chinese personal words among Vietnamese-speaking,Korean-speaking and English-speaking Chinese-learners with both case studies and sampling tests,this paper reports on the differences in word-retrieving methods: Korean-speaking learners(especially at the elementary stage) tend to retrieve the personal words according to kinship; English-speaking learners at the higher stage retrieve them in the way of both replacing former morphemes and replacing latter morphemes; and Vietnamesespeaking learners at the higher stage are more likely to retrieve them in the way of replacing latter morphemes.Differing degrees of complexity in L1's kinship terminology system and morphology of L1's nouns cause such differences.
Tragedy of the Ecological Commons

The endangered future of ecological resources is a frequent topic in academic literature as well as the popular press. One origin for the stories of gloom and doom is Garrett Hardin’s 1968 article on ‘The tragedy of the commons’. In his gripping story, Hardin predicted that a group of herders, who grazed their animals in an open-access pasture (his metaphor for any ecological system), would destroy the pasture. This was due to Hardin’s presumption that the herders would pursue their own immediate, private interests by adding more and more animals and ignore any of the harm they imposed on others or themselves over time. To reverse this tragedy in the making, Hardin recommended that there should be ‘a coercive force’ outside the herders that imposed either government or private ownership on the ecological commons. Hardin’s article has had an immense influence on the study of ecology and is frequently cited by biologists for a major impact on their careers. Given the importance of Hardin’s work, let us first examine the theoretical assumptions underlying the ‘tragedy of the commons’.
Influence of Skin Effect on MOSFET Losses

As the Personal Computer makers push for DC-DC converters delivering 200 Amps at 1V within the next three years, the semiconductor manufacturers are pushing to optimize their MOSFET by improving both the silicon and the packages to provide switching devices suitable for these challenges. In this paper we will address the parasitic resistance attributed to the package alone and in isolation from the silicon on-resistance. We will show that in most of the traditional packages this resistance has a very strong frequency dependant component. This means that at a switching frequency of about a few Megahertz, this parasitic resistance will constitute a large percentage of the total device on-resistance. Based on this observation, we will concentrate on the synchronous buck converter and we will derive conduction loss equations that are frequency dependent and calculate actual losses and examine several effects that follow.
Low-frequency vibration sensors based on a cascaded gapped cantilever

This paper reports the development of low-cost high-performance vibration sensors based on a cascaded asymmetric-gapped cantilever for low-frequency sensing. The cascaded structure is implemented to reduce the spring constant for a high sensitivity and simultaneously avoid the undesirable shear bending. A prototype with a proof mass of 40 g and an overall size of 124 mm × 39 mm × 5.1 mm (l × w × t) has been successfully constructed. The sensor body was made of aluminum and two lead zirconate titanate sheets were implemented as the sensing element. Based on a coherence method, a noise equivalent acceleration close to the theoretical value has been achieved at 35 Hz (~3 ng/√Hz). Finally, the prototype has been successfully demonstrated for ballistocardiogaph monitoring for both sitting and lying positions.
Delta (9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol Contributes to the Development of Kaposi’s Sarcoma.

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a DNA tumor virus, appears to be necessary but not sufficient for the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). This is highlighted by the observation that most KSHV infections are asymptomatic, and more than 95% of persons who become infected never develop KS or other KSHV-related cancers. In addition to KSHV, a variety of factors, including HIV-1 Tat protein, may contribute to the pathogenesis of KS. These cofactors usually induce immunosuppression, enhance susceptibility to infection, modulate the viral life cycle, and/or stimulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis either individually or in combination. Delta (9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active component of marijuana, has been prescribed for medicinal use and has also been reported to induce immunosuppression. To date, contradictory observations have been made about its effects on viral infection/replication and on tumor cell growth. This prompted us to study the biological effect of Δ 9 -THC on KSHV, and obtain more evidence to assess the potential risks versus benefits of THC administration among KSHV-positive populations. We found an increased efficiency of KSHV infection (40% vs 15%) in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) in the presence of low concentrations of Δ 9 -THC (10–100 nM). THC enhanced endocytosis and cell-cell adhesion by 30–60%, which may account for this increase in infection efficiency. Using real-time DNA PCR technology, the number of copies of the KSHV latent gene, LANA-1, was quantitated and correlated with the viral load in endothelial cells. We found that Δ 9 -THC increased the viral load 20–100 fold in KSHV-infected endothelial cells as compared to treatment with the vehicle control. We then quantitated expression of the KSHV lytic switch gene ORF50 (RTA) by real-time RT-PCR, in the presence or absence of Δ 9 -THC. ORF50 expression was shown to be up-regulated by Δ 9 -THC, leading to increased KSHV loads. We also observed that comparable concentrations of Δ 9 -THC up-regulated vGPCR expression, thereby fostering endothelial transformation and inducing significantly more colony-formation (1.5 fold) in soft agar. Our results indicate that Δ 9 -THC may enhance KSHV infection, transmission, replication, and viral-mediated endothelial transformation. Thus, THC administration may put individuals at greater risk for the development and growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
M-Grid: a distributed framework for multidimensional indexing and querying of location based data

The widespread use of mobile devices and the real time availability of user-location information is facilitating the development of new personalized, location-based applications and services (LBSs). Such applications require multi-attribute query processing, scalability for supporting millions of users, real-time querying capability and analyzing large volumes of data. Cloud computing aided a new generation of distributed databases commonly known as key-value stores. Key-value stores were designed to extract values from very large volumes of data while being highly available, fault-tolerant and scalable, hence providing much needed infrastructure to support LBSs. However, complex queries over multidimensional data cannot be processed efficiently as they do not provide means to access multiple attributes. In this paper, we present M-Grid, a unifying indexing and a data distribution framework which enables key-value stores to support multidimensional queries. We organize a set of nodes in a modified P-Grid overlay network which provides efficient data distribution, fault-tolerance and query processing over multidimensional data. To index, we use Hilbert Space Filling Curve based linearization technique which preserves the data locality to efficiently manage multidimensional data in a key-value store. We propose algorithms to dynamically process range and k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries on linearized values. This removes the overhead of maintaining a separate index table. Our approach is completely independent from the underlying storage layer and can be implemented on any cloud infrastructure. Our experiments on Amazon EC2 show that M-Grid achieves a performance improvement of three orders of magnitude in comparison to MapReduce and four times to that of MD-HBase scheme.
Abstract 5131: Establishment of uterine carcinosarcoma primary cell lines for chemosensitivity testing and evaluation of targeted therapy

To establish primary cell lines from uterine carcinosarcoma (CS) patient samples and to evaluate combination treatment with standard chemotherapy with or without the addition of an anti-IGF1R antibody. CS tumor tissue was obtained under IRB approval at the time of primary surgery. We reported the establishment of patient-derived xenografts elsewhere. Tissue pieces were minced extensively and digested by collagenase treatment. The single cell solution was then seeded in F-media containing EGF, insulin, hydrocortisone, adenine, cholera toxin and the Rock inhibitor Y-27632. A previously established carcinosarcoma cell line CS99 (Schulten et al, 2008) was used for comparison. To verify origin, Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiles of the primary cell lines CS13, CS18, CS19, CS21 and CS22 were compared with the patient9s tumor samples. Drug sensitivity to Taxol, cisplatin and carboplatin was determined individually or in combination using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) proliferation assay. The effect of IMC-A12 (anti-IGF1R antibody, Eli Lily / Imclone) alone or with chemotherapy was also determined with the SRB assay. Total and promoter-specific IGF2 mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. All STR profiles of the primary cell lines matched their patient sample counterparts. IGF2 mRNA expression levels of the cell lines were similar to the patient samples, and over 10,000-fold higher than in CS99. IGF2 promoter-specific primers showed that the IGF2 mRNA transcripts of the primary cell lines were initiated at the oncofetal IGF2 promoters P3 and P4. For Taxol, the IC50 (inhibitory concentration of 50%) ranged from 4.7 nM for CS21 to 9.8 nM for CS22. For cisplatin, the IC50 ranged from 1.0 μM for CS99 to 4.8 μM for CS19. For carboplatin, CS99 cells had the lowest IC50 of 12.5 μM while CS19 had the highest IC50 of 58.1 μM. In the presence of 10 μg/ml IMC-A12, the primary cell lines CS19, CS21 and CS22 showed significant sensitization to Taxol (∼50% decrease in IC50), to carboplatin (∼65% decrease in IC50), and to combination Taxol/carboplatin treatment (∼50% decrease in IC50). We conclude that establishing primary cell lines of this rare cancer is a promising approach for testing sensitivity to current and novel chemotherapies and combination treatment strategies. We also found that high oncofetal promoter-driven IGF2 mRNA expression was observed in all CS samples tested and that IGF1R blockade sensitized the primary cell lines to standard chemotherapy. Citation Format: Jurriaan Brouwer-Visser, Eirwen Scott, Shijun Mi, Maria J. Cossio, Tiffany Hebert, Gloria S. Huang. Establishment of uterine carcinosarcoma primary cell lines for chemosensitivity testing and evaluation of targeted therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5131. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5131
Algebras over Fields

This chapter is a brief introduction into the structure of algebras, mostly finite dimensional, over any field k. The main contents are the Wedderburn theorems for a finite dimensional algebras A over an algebraically closed field k. If A has no nilpotent ideals ≠ 0, then A is a finite product of total matrix algebras over k. In this case, the set d (A) of degrees of the total matrix algebras is a complete set of invariants of A. Thus, 13.7 two finite dimensional semiprime algebras A and B over k are isomorphic if and only if d (A) = d (B).
The Use of Darbepoetin to Stimulate Erythropoiesis in the Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs

Background Darbepoetin alfa (darbepoetin) is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent used for the treatment of anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs, but reports describing response are lacking. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of darbepoetin in dogs with anemia secondary to CKD, dosing protocols, and adverse events. Animals Thirty-three client-owned dogs with naturally occurring CKD, including 26 with comorbidities. Methods Multi-institutional retrospective study. Results The median starting dosage and highest dosage of darbepoetin administered were 0.5 and 0.8 μg/kg SC once weekly, respectively. Response to treatment was defined as achieving a packed cell volume (PCV) ≥30% or an increase in PCV ≥10%. Twenty-eight of 33 dogs (85%) achieved a PCV ≥30% and 22 of 33 (67%) dogs achieved an increase in PCV ≥10%. Median time to achieve a PCV ≥30% was 29 days. A higher starting dosage was associated with achieving an increase in PCV ≥10% (P = .01). No dog sustained a response at a dosing interval >q21d. Potential adverse events included increased blood pressure requiring treatment (n = 12), seizures (n = 5), vomiting (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 3), and possible pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) (n = 2). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Darbepoetin, when combined with treatment of comorbidities, is an effective treatment for anemia secondary to CKD in dogs. A dosing interval >q21d was ineffective at maintaining a response to treatment. PRCA was a possible adverse event in 2 of 33 dogs (6%).
The Paradox of American Exceptionalism

American exceptionalism is based on the belief that America is a uniquely exceptional country with its enduring values of competitiveness, individualism, freedom, and liberty. The paradox is that what binds Americans together (as exceptionalists) are the very values that pull us apart (individualism). Yet, the United States, compared with most developed countries, ranks poorly on many indicators, including poverty, firearms per capita, obesity rates, infant mortality, inequality, incarceration rate, military spending, and so forth. I conjecture that our exceptionalism creates such an obsession with individualism that we lose sight of the overall collectivity. The Bill of Rights (including amendments) is presented to highlight how individualism has historical roots. Finally, I show how the current political polarization in the United States affects Americans’ understanding of climate change.
A reconstructed melanoma data set for evaluating differential treatment benefit according to biomarker subgroups

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Measuring differential treatment benefit across marker specific subgroups: the choice of outcome scale" (Satagopan and Iasonos, 2015) [1]. These data were digitally reconstructed from figures published in Larkin et al. (2015) [2]. This article describes the steps to digitally reconstruct patient-level data on time-to-event outcome and treatment and biomarker groups using published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The reconstructed data set and the corresponding computer programs are made publicly available to enable further statistical methodology research.
IOT-oriented control of aggregate thermostatically-controlled loads

Today, the leading companies in the energy management industry offer reward plans to motivate their customers to participate in demand response (DR) programs. One of the existing DR plans pursued by companies such as Honeywell and Nest is to adjust the household air conditioning system settings through internet-connected smart thermostats in response to power grid requirements. Due to the existence of the internet-based communications infrastructure and the growing popularity of smart thermostats, this strategy creates a low-cost well-rounded solution to establish a systematic demand-side energy management practice in a near future. Motivated by such opportunities, this paper introduces a novel feedback control algorithm, so-called Clock-Like-Controller (CLC), to adjust the individual setpoints of the TCL units to achieve a desirable aggregate response. This research contributes to the literature through two novel insights. First, unlike most of the previous TCL control methods which adjust the setpoint temperatures continuously, the proposed control scheme adjusts the thermostat setpoints in discrete intervals, e.g., 1 °C, to facilitate implementation through the currently available infrastructure. Second, the developed control algorithm accesses the individual loads in a systematic way with no randomness involved. This approach maximizes equal participation of all customers in the DR practice. Since the devised control strategy focuses on the internet-connected thermostats, we refer to it as an IoT-oriented method. Numerical simulations are carried out and presented to validate and demonstrate the performance of the proposed CLC algorithm.
Holding People Responsible for Ethical Violations: The Surprising Benefits of Accusing Others

Individuals who accuse others of unethical behavior can derive significant benefits. Compared to individuals who do not make accusations, accusers engender greater trust and are perceived to have h...
Case Study: Intimate Partner Violence in Peru

Intimate partner violence represents a major public health problem in Peru. Statistics indicate that over 45% of Peruvian women experience physical, sexual, and emotional abuse with rates as high as 69% in rural areas. Family values play an important role in the decision for women to remain in abusive relationships based on the collectivistic nature of Peruvian culture where the needs of the family take precedence over the needs of the individual. Economic and educational factors further influence the decision to remain with an abusive partner, as high rates of illiteracy are common for women in rural communities and contribute to indigenous women living in poverty. Taking into consideration these social determinants of health, nurses must engage in critical reflection to analyze personal values as they seek to improve future care, especially in situations where the nurse’s values conflict with the values of the patient or family.
Pharmacological and Binding Evidence for Opioid Receptors on Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood Cells

Current evidence indicates that opioid peptides, whose roles in the nervous system are well established, affect immunoactive cells (Smith and Blalock 1981; for review see Blalock 1989). The significance of this phenomenon is highlighted by the discovery that it applies to invertebrates as well as vertebrates (Leung and Stefano 1987; Stefano 1982, 1989). A search for stereoselective mechanisms mediating these neuropeptide activities has been under way for some time. Its results, though still incomplete, seem to indicate that in both groups of animals the complexity of ligand-receptor binding is greater than anticipated. The existing evidence for these parallels presented in this chapter, and in that by Jankovic and Maric, is based on pharmacological data as well as binding studies.
Current Aura Without Headache

This review evaluates and explains our current understanding of a rare subtype of migraine, typical aura without headache, also known as migraine aura without headache or acephalgic migraine. Typical aura without headache is a known entity within the spectrum of migraine. Its pathophysiology is suggested to be similar to classic migraines, with cortical spreading depression leading to aura formation but without an associated headache. No clinical trials have been performed to evaluate treatment options, but case reports suggest that most patients will respond to the traditional treatments for migraine with aura. Bilateral greater occipital nerve blocks may be helpful in aborting migraine with prolonged aura. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown efficacy in aborting attacks of migraine with aura but has not been specifically tested in isolated aura. Typical aura without headache occurs exclusively in 4% patients with migraine, and may take place at some point in 38% of patients with migraine with aura. Typical aura without headache commonly presents with visual aura without headache, brainstem aura without headache, and can also develop later in life, known as late-onset migraine accompaniment.
Venture Philanthropy and Practice Variations: The Interplay of Institutional Logics and Organizational Identities:

While institutional logics and organizational identity become effective theoretical lenses to analyze hybrid organizations, the literature often focuses on tensions between multiple logics or multi...
Men's and Women's Marriage and Cohabitation Earnings Gaps in Comparative Perspective

In the United States, marriage has been found to provide a “pay-off” for men’s earnings, but there is a scarcity of comparative research to put these findings in context. For women, even less is kn...
Do electronic health record prompts increase take-home naloxone administration for emergency department patients after an opioid overdose?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Distribution of take-home naloxone (THN) to emergency department (ED) patients who have survived an opioid overdose (OD) could reduce future opioid mortality, but is not commonly performed. We examined whether electronic health record (EHR) prompts provided to ED physicians when discharging a patient after an OD could improve THN distribution. DESIGN Interrupted time-series analysis to compare the percentage of OD patients who received THN during the 11 months before and after implementation of an EHR prompt on 18 June 2017. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 3492 adult patients with diagnoses of OD discharged from nine EDs in a single health system in Western Pennsylvania from July 2016 to April 2018. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR The EHR prompt was triggered by the presence of specific terms in the nurse's initial assessment note. The EHR displayed a pop-up window during the ED physician discharge process asking the physician to consider prescribing or providing naloxone to the patient. The comparator was 'no EHR prompt'. MEASUREMENTS Measurements were based on standard criteria from ICD diagnostic codes and chief complaint keywords. FINDINGS In July 2016, 16.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.0, 18.5] of OD patients received THN, which decreased every month through June 2017 by 1.2% (P < 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.8,1.7). For each month post-EHR prompt there was an increase of 2.8% of OD patients receiving THN (P < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.0, 3.5). No increases occurred in the ED with the highest pre-EHR prompt THN distribution. Rates of THN distribution varied by patient age and race prior to, but not after, implementation of EHR prompts. CONCLUSIONS Electronic health record prompts are associated with increased take-home naloxone distribution for emergency department patients discharged after opioid overdoses.
Investigation of the $sup 208$Pb(p,p') reaction at E = 54 MeV

Collective excitations of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ were investigated by inelastic proton scattering at 54 MeV. The spectra covered the entire bound-state region for scattering angles between 11 and 58\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and scattered particles were detected in a broad-range spectrograph with energy resolution \ensuremath{\approx} 35-40 keV full width at half maximum. The experimental angular distributions were compared to those predicted by distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations, utilizing a collective-model form factor. The location of the low-spin members of a sequence (${2}^{+}$-${8}^{+}$) of positive-parity states was confirmed. Likely candidates for $Jg8$ states were found, as well as several collective fragments of ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${4}^{+}$ strengths. No appreciable fragmentation of the ${2}^{+}$ strength was found. Energy-weighted sum-rule strengths were estimated for all multipoles studied and were compared with the measured values.
Ode to Alda

Iceland, with a small population of approximately 340,000, is a mostly uninhabited island complete with waterfalls, geysers, fjords, black-sand beaches, volcanos, sheep, and horses. The original Vi...
Reproductive management of poultry

Abstract Based on data from the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization, about 120 million metric tons of poultry meat were produced globally in 2016. In addition, about 82 million metric tons of eggs were produced. One of the bases for this production is the reproductive efficiency of today's poultry. This, in turn, is due to their inherent reproductive physiology, intensive genetic selection and advances in husbandry/management. The system of reproduction in males in largely similar to that in mammals except that there is no descent of testes. In females, there are marked differences with there being a single ovary and oviduct; the latter being the name of the differentiated entire Mullerian duct. Moreover, females produce eggs with a yolky oocyte surrounded by albumen, membranes and shell. Among the most successful reproductive management techniques are optimizing photoperiod, light intensity and nutrition. Widespread employment of these has allowed maximizing production. Laying hens can be re-cycled toward the end egg production. Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems.
Engineering Approaches for Addressing Opioid Use Disorder in the Community

Many communities in the United States are struggling to deal with the negative consequences of illicit opioid use. Effectively addressing this epidemic requires the coordination and support of community stakeholders in a change process with common goals and objectives, continuous engagement with individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) through their treatment and recovery journeys, application of systems engineering principles to drive process change and sustain it, and use of a formal evaluation process to support a learning community that continuously adapts. This review presents strategies to improve OUD treatment and recovery with a focus on engineering approaches grounded in systems thinking.
Space, gender, knowledge. Feminist readings: edited by Linda McDowell and Joanne P. Sharp, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1997, 468 pp., $73,95, ISBN 978-0-3407-0019-8

Space, Gender, Knowledge is one of the classical companions to feminist geographies that combines works from a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches as well as a diverse range of emp...
The Simplest Iron μ-oxo Species. The Molecular Structure of {[Fe(porphine)]2O}

We have prepared a new μ-oxo iron(III) porphyrin complex based on the simplest possible porphyrin ligand, porphine. Our structure determination for {[Fe(porphine)]2O}shows that it has a decidedly d...
Evolution of Alchemical Free Energy Methods in Drug Discovery.

The goal of the present manuscript is to succinctly trace the key technological steps in the evolution of alchemical free energy methods (AFEMs) from a purely theoretical construct to a method that...
Three‐dimensional and 3‐Tesla MRI morphometry of knee meniscus in normal and pathologic state

Introduction To conduct a morphometric analysis of intact and torn menisci using isotropic meniscus plane three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions on 3-Tesla MRI and compare 2D versus 3D MRI for meniscus tear characterization. Materials and methods One hundred thirty three normal menisci from 92 patients (39 male, 53 female), and 38 arthroscopy-proven torn menisci from 36 patients (23 male, 13 female) were evaluated using 3D isotropic multi-planar MRI reconstructions and 2D MRI. Two observers measured the tibial plateau height and area, meniscal height, axial plane cross-sectional areas, and extrusion of intact menisci. Two observers also measured the meniscal tear length, tear area, and residual area of pathological menisci on 2D and 3D MRI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were obtained. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and the informed consent was waived. Results Medial meniscus (MM) and lateral meniscus (LM) areas were 503.6 ± 85.1 mm2 and 396.6 ± 72.0 mm2 for Observer 1, and 515.8 ± 82.1 mm2 and 408.0 ± 68.3 mm2 for Observer 2 (ICC:0.86, 0.87). In torn menisci, average tear length, area, and residual area were 36.3 ± 13.6 mm, 182.6 ± 139.3 mm2 , and 235.4 ± 140.3 mm2 , respectively for Observer 1, and 38.9 ± 14.7 mm, 181.2 ± 135.6 mm2 , 238.2 ± 140.5 mm2 for Observer 2. In the MM and LM, bucket-handle and complex tears were largest in areas, respectively. ICCs were excellent (0.91-1.0) on 3D MRI and moderate-good (0.57-0.81) on 2D MRI. Conclusion Meniscus morphometry on 3D MRI shows moderate to excellent inter-observer reliability and meniscus tear extent is more reliably defined on 3D MRI than 2D MRI. Residual meniscus-area calculation can be performed on 3D MRI.
Fast principal components analysis reveals convergent evolution of ADH1B gene in Europe and East Asia

Searching for genetic variants with unusual differentiation between subpopulations is an established approach for identifying signals of natural selection. However, existing methods generally require discrete subpopulations. We introduce a method that infers selection using principal components (PCs) by identifying variants whose differentiation along top PCs is significantly greater than the null distribution of genetic drift. To enable the application of this method to large data sets, we developed the FastPCA software, which employs recent advances in random matrix theory to accurately approximate top PCs while reducing time and memory cost from quadratic to linear in the number of individuals, a computational improvement of many orders of magnitude. We apply FastPCA to a cohort of 54,734 European Americans, identifying 5 distinct subpopulations spanning the top 4 PCs. Using the PC-based test for natural selection, we replicate previously known selected loci and identify three new genome-wide significant signals of selection, including selection in Europeans at the ADH1B gene. The coding variant rs1229984*T has previously been associated to a decreased risk of alcoholism and shown to be under selection in East Asians; we show that it is a rare example of independent evolution on two continents. We also detect new selection signals at IGFBP3 and IGH, which have also previously been associated to human disease.
Understanding Burnout: Work and Family Issues

Burnout is a hot topic in today’s workplace, given its high costs for both employees and organizations. What causes this problem, and what can be done about it? Conventional wisdom says that burnout is primarily a problem of individuals. But research argues otherwise. Burnout is not a problem of people but of the social environment in which they work. The structure and functioning of the workplace shape how people interact with one another and how they carry out their jobs. When that workplace does not recognize the human side of work, and there are major mismatches between the nature of the job and the nature of people, then there will be a greater risk of burnout. This framework of person-environment fit can also provide new insights into the relationship between the workplace and the home, thus yielding a better understanding of burnout and family issues.
The protective role of SOD1 overexpression in central mediation of bradycardia following chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder that is associated with many cardiovascular complications. Similar to OSA, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) (a model for OSA) leads to oxidative stress and impairs baroreflex control of the heart rate (HR) in rodents. The baroreflex arc includes the aortic depressor nerve (ADN), vagal efferent, and central neurons. In this study, we used mice as a model to examine the effects of CIH on baroreflex sensitivity, aortic baroreceptor afferents, and central and vagal efferent components of the baroreflex circuitry. Furthermore, we tested whether human Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) overexpression in transgenic mice offers protection against CIH-induced deficit of the baroreflex arc. Wild-type C57BL/6J and SOD1 mice were exposed to room air (RA) or CIH and were then anesthetized, ventilated, and catheterized for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR. Compared with wild-type RA control, CIH impaired baroreflex sensitivity but increased maximum baroreceptor gain and bradycardic response to vagal efferent stimulation. Additionally, CIH reduced the bradycardic response to ADN stimulation, indicating a diminished central regulation of bradycardia. Interestingly, SOD1 overexpression prevented CIH-induced attenuation of HR responses to ADN stimulation and preserved HR responses to vagal efferent stimulation in transgenic mice. We suggest that CIH decreased central mediation of the baroreflex and SOD1 overexpression may prevent the CIH-induced central deficit.
Do I Know You? The Role of Culture in Racial Essentialism and Facial Recognition Memory

We examine relations between racial essentialism—the belief that racial categories are natural and homogeneous due to shared underlying properties—and the Own-Race Bias (ORB)—the tendency to recognize racial ingroup faces better than racial outgroup faces. We assessed essentialist beliefs and Facial Recognition Memory (FRM) for Black, White, and Asian targets in White American (WA) and Asian/Asian American (A/AA) participants. Because essentialism leads to increased perception of group homogeneity, we predicted a positive association between ORB and racial outgroup essentialism. Group differences emerged on both measures: WA participants essentialized racial outgroups more than their ingroup and recognized White faces more accurately than Black or Asian faces, whereas A/AA participants essentialized their ingroup more than racial outgroups and did not demonstrate the ORB. The overall association between racial essentialism and ORB was not observed within groups; suggesting that cultural differences might underlie group differences in relations between FRM and essentialism.