cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relationship Between Divergent Drinking and Perceptions of Friendship Quality Between Students

The use of psychoactive drugs appears to have a clear influence on both friendship formation and friendship quality. Differences in the frequency of substance use are particularly likely to influence each friend’s perceptions of their relationship with the other. However, the impact of divergent substance use patterns within a friendship dyad on overall friendship quality remains an underexplored area. Self-reported alcohol use and perceptions of friendship quality data were collected from 2,154 students (mean age = 19.3) in 1,077 friendship dyads. Analyses of variance were conducted to determine (a) if friends who have similar alcohol use patterns perceive greater friendship quality than friends with dissimilar use patterns, and (b) how dissimilarities in drinking behaviors between friends affect individuals’ perceptions of friendship quality. Individuals in dyads comprised of friends with similar drinking patterns were found to experience higher quality relationships than those in friendships with dissi...
The Zeta Functional Determinants on Manifolds with Boundary

Abstract In this paper we derive some geometric formulas for the quotient of the zeta functional determinants for certain elliptic boundary value problems on Riemannian 3 and 4-manifolds with smooth boundary.
The incorporation of [14C]formate into ehrlich ascites tumor lipids

The time course of incorporation of [14C]formate into the lipids of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was investigated. By paper-chormatographic analysis and hydrolysis studies it was shown that phosphatidylserine, and to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine were the most active phosphatides. However, a ninhydrin-negative, phosphorus-free lipid conatined most of the radioactivity after 3 h incubation. This lipid releases fatty acids and ninhydrin-positive, water-soluble labeled compounds only after prolonged hydrolysis. These lipids moreover have paper-chromatographic properties which differentiate them from all the known common neutral lipids and phosphatides. They are tentatively identified as fatty acid amines of amino acids or peptides. The data in these experiments indicate that the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine and the direct methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to lecithin are not major metabolic pathways in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
Light and dark soils at the Apollo 16 landing site

Lunar soils are discussed within the framework of a three-group classification scheme. Group I comprises North Ray Crater soils, group II contains light soils, and group III is made up of dark soils. It is suggested that group I soils originated from the light friable unit, one of the three units inside North Ray Crater. Group II soils were probably derived from the light matrix breccia unit; group II soils are mixtures of materials from all three units. It is concluded that soils with group III properties have been at the surface continuously for long periods. Group II soils show a record of solar wind exposure in the distant past (i.e., they have large (Ar-40/Ar-36)T ratios). Thus the regolith at the Apollo 16 site, which was observed to have marked layers of dark against light soils, contains sizeable 'pockets' or horizons at depth which are the sources of the group II soils.
Determination of electric parameters of cell membranes by a dielectrophoresis method.

Marszalek, P., J. J. Zielinsky, and M. Fikus (1989. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 22:289–298) have described a novel design for measuring the complete dielectrophoretic spectrum of a single cell. From the analysis of the dielectrophoretic spectrum, the membrane conductivity, sigma membr, and the membrane dielectric permittivity, epsilon membr, of the cell may be determined according to the theory of dielectrophoresis described by Sauer, F. A. (1985. Interactions between Electromagnetic Field and Cells. A. Chiabrera, C. Nicolini, and H.P. Schwan, editors. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York. 181–202). At Fo, the net force experienced by a single shell sphere in a nonuniform periodic field is zero, and the sphere ceases to move in the field. In other words, at Fo, the effective polarizability, chi eff, of the sphere (the polarizability of sphere minus the polarizability of the medium) is equal to zero. For biological cells in high conductivity medium, e.g., the isotonic saline, sigma membr falls below 2 x 10(-6) S m-1, where Fo becomes insensitive to sigma membr, and the method becomes impractical. In a low conductivity medium, 0.3 M sucrose, sigma membr of cells is generally higher and the method may be applied. Assuming a membrane thickness of 9 nm, epsilon membr of Neurospora crassa slime cells was determined to be in the range of 8.3–9.4 epsilon o, and of myeloma Tib9 to be 9.4 epsilon o, epsilon o being the dielectric permittivity of the free space. The values for the slime cells were compared with values obtained by the dielectric spectroscopy method which measures average values for cells in suspension.
Manganese Porphyrins Catalyze Selective C-H Bond Halogenations

We report a manganese porphyrin mediated aliphatic C−H bond chlorination using sodium hypochlorite as the chlorine source. In the presence of catalytic amounts of phase transfer catalyst and manganese porphyrin Mn(TPP)Cl 1, reaction of sodium hypochlorite with different unactivated alkanes afforded alkyl chlorides as the major products with only trace amounts of oxygenation products. Substrates with strong C−H bonds, such as neopentane (BDE =∼100 kcal/mol) can be also chlorinated with moderate yield. Chlorination of a diagnostic substrate, norcarane, afforded rearranged products indicating a long-lived carbon radical intermediate. Moreover, regioselective chlorination was achieved by using a hindered catalyst, Mn(TMP)Cl, 2. Chlorination of trans-decalin with 2 provided 95% selectivity for methylene-chlorinated products as well as a preference for the C2 position. This novel chlorination system was also applied to complex substrates. With 5α-cholestane as the substrate, we observed chlorination only at the...
A Neural Infrastructure for Rhythmic Motor Patterns

It is possible to work out the neural circuity of many invertebrate central pattern generators (CPGs) thereby providing a basis for linking cellular processes to actual behaviors. This review summarizes the infrastructure of the two CPGs in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion in terms of circuitry, ionic conductances and chemical modulation by amines and peptides. Analysis of the circuit using modeling techniques including the use of electronic neurons closes the chapter.
A method for fully automated quantitative analysis of arterial flow using flow-sensitized MR images

While the recent developments in the velocity-sensitive MR imaging offer great potential for non-invasive assessment of blood flow in major blood vessels, the clinical applications of this technique have been hampered by tedious, human-assisted data processing techniques. In this paper, we describe a robust system for automated extraction of quantitative as well as qualitative flow information from velocity-sensitive, phase contrast MR images. The algorithm accomplishes reliable segmentation of blood vessels using multiresolution analysis based on wavelet transform, and employs a multivariate scoring criterion to minimize the impact of imaging artifacts such as partial volume averaging and flow turbulence, which normally cause incomplete or inaccurate detection of vascular boundaries.
Current strategies for preventing or ameliorating postoperative ileus: A multimodal approach

Purpose. Internal and external factors that contribute to postoperative ileus (POI), the efficacy and safety of various nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions that have been evaluated for the prevention or amelioration of POI, and the current multimodal approach used in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are described. Summary. Catecholamine and cytokine release associated with the stress response to surgery and the use of certain antiemetic medications, opioid analgesics, and inhaled anesthetics are among the factors that contribute to POI. Early ambulation does not affect the duration of POI, although it has other benefits for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Clinical experience supports the use of laparoscopy instead of laparotomy if possible, removal of nasogastric tubes shortly after surgery, restriction of intravenous fluids, and initiation of clear oral liquids and ambulation on the first postoperative day. The recommended therapeutic approach for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery involves thoracic epidural analgesia using a local anesthetic with or without an epidural opioid analgesic, and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for their opioid-sparing effect if systemic opioid analgesics are used. Buprenorphine may be preferred if a systemic opioid analgesic is used, because it has little effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Metoclopramide, erythromycin, beta blockers, laxatives, neostigmine, naloxone, and gum chewing are not useful for treating POI. Conclusion. Most pharmacologic interventions that have been tried in an effort to prevent or ameliorate POI are ineffective or cause intolerable adverse effects. Research is needed to identify and develop new drug therapies for POI.
Knee Flexion Angle Is More Important Than Guidewire Type in Preventing Posterior Femoral Cortex Blowout: A Cadaveric Study

Purpose This study compared femoral intraosseous "tunnel" length and distance from the posterior femoral cortex (PFC) when straight and flexible guidewires were drilled through an accessory anteromedial portal at 90° and 120° knee flexion. We had 2 study hypotheses: (1) 120° knee flexion would create longer femoral intraosseous tunnels than 90° knee flexion regardless of guidewire type and (2) 120° knee flexion would display a more consistent PFC blowout safety margin than 90° knee flexion regardless of guidewire type. Methods Straight and flexible guidewires were drilled at 90° and 120° flexion in 8 cadaveric knees. Guidewire intraosseous length and distance from the PFC were measured at both knee flexion angles. Two-way analysis of variance (guidewire type, knee flexion angle) and a Fisher exact test were used to compare group differences. Results Guidewire exit points at 120° knee flexion were located farther from the PFC than at 90° knee flexion regardless of whether flexible guidewires (19.0 ± 5.3 mm v 12.6 ± 3.3 mm) or straight guidewires (12.9 ± 4.5 mm v 5.0 ± 3.3 mm) were used ( P P = .038). Intraosseous guidewire length was greater at 120° knee flexion regardless of whether straight or flexible guidewires were used ( P = .04). Conclusions Flexible guidewires and a 120° knee flexion angle both decrease the likelihood of PFC blowout. A 120° knee flexion angle is more important to femoral tunnel length than guidewire type. Use of 120° knee flexion even when drilling flexible guidewires increases the safety margin needed to prevent PFC blowout. Clinical Relevance When knee flexion is limited, curved guides and flexible guidewires can help reduce PFC blowout risk and achieve longer tunnels.
Multinuclear NMR study of the solution structure and reactivity of tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium and its iodine ate complex.

The extreme steric bulk of tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl derivatives (1-X) provides interesting structural and dynamic behavior for study. Dynamic NMR studies on 1-SePh and 1-I showed restricted rotation around the C−Si bonds of each trimethylsilyl groups. An extensive multinuclear NMR study of natural abundance and 6Li and 13C enriched 1-Li revealed three species in THF-containing solvents, a dimer 1T, and two monomers, the contact ion pair 1C, and solvent separated ion pair 1S. Observed barriers for interconversion of 1-Li aggregates were unusually high (ΔG⧧ ca. 9 kcal/mol for exchange of 1S and 1C, ΔG⧧41 = 16.4 kcal/mol for exchange of 1T with 1C and 1S), allowing for study of reactivity of each aggregate individually. We can show that 1S is at least 50 times as reactive as 1C and at least 5 × 1010 times as reactive as 1T toward MeI. The large difference in reactivity allowed further study on the mechanism of the lithium−iodine exchange of 1-I with 1-Li and characterization of the intermediate iodine ate ...
Toxicological and chemical aspects of sarin terrorism in Japan in 1994 and 1995

Nerve gas is a chemical weapon and was previously thought to be used solely on the battlefield. This assumption was shattered when Aum Shinrikyo, a new Buddhist sect, sprayed sarin onto a totally innocent civilian population on the night of June 27, 1994, in the quiet town of Matsumoto City in Japan. The sarin terrorist attack in Matsumoto City was a prelude to another attack on an even larger scale that shocked the entire world: the Tokyo subway terrorism with sarin by the same sect, 8 months after the Matsumoto incident on March 20, 1995. For a few months after the Matsumoto City case, no one knew who sprayed the sarin or for what purpose. Even after the Tokyo subway sarin attack and the arrest of many cult members, the detailed information as to how the sarin was detected and made were unknown to the public for many years. Part of the reason was the secretive nature of the Japanese police authority. However, after the passage of 10 or more years detailed information about Aum Shinrikyo's chemical terro...
Civility and Diversity.

W hcen the National Association of Scholars p roposed "Should Educa t ion ivilize? as the topic for this symposium, I cou ldn ' t he lp c o m p a r i n g it to the coy theor iz ing and hyper-earnest cri t ique that domina te the conversations at the English Institute, the Amer ican Studies Association, and the rest. Such a b lunt and basic quest ion is a pleasure to address. It goes against the cus tomary training of s tudents and the professionalization of faculty, particularly in the humanit ies . In depa r tmen t s o f l i terature and in various studies programs, the terms are m o r e than i g n o r e d t h e y ' r e suspect. Civilized has a colonialist ring, and so when it appears at all it is writ ten in sneerquotes and u t te red with sarcasm. Education, too, is a rarity, at least a m o n g humani t i es professors who long ago cut themselves o f f f r o m f reshman composi t ion and sophom o r e surveys, no t to say the K-12 universe. Ment ion education at an MLA panel and it will fast be translated into discipline and power, or social just ice, or theory and critical thinking. Those knowing conversions may have been exposed for years as hollow i r reverence, but g radua te s tudents and assistant professors still pick them up as mores o f the profession. This is how e x p e r i e n c e d educators act, they assume, by disdaining the old ideals of educat ion . The dismissal of civilized values is now a mat te r of professional et iquette . So it is a rel ief to f ind a venue in which one can pose such quest ions wi thout violating protocol. And it is mighty tempt ing to p roceed with an out l ine o f educa t ion that ignores the degradat ions of the academy. Why bo the r with the warped historicism of cultural studies, the sophomor ic epis temology of critical theory, the politics-is-everything cynicism of adversarial critics, and the liberal guilt o f admissions offices? Why no t jus t a f f i rm e rud i t ion , aes the t ic exper ience , religious traditions, the historical sense, scientific m e t h o d , h igh culture, and o the r e lements o f an en l igh t ened educat ion? Because things are too bad to ignore. Progressives and identi ty politicians control h igher educa t ion and will as far into the fu ture as one can see. Insulated on campus and t enu red beyond accountability, they have no incent ive to change, and s u r r o u n d e d by captive s tudents and l ike-minded colleagues, they have no reason to. They swept into depa r tmen t s and adminis t ra t ions in the 1970s and 1980s in a wave of Leftist enthusiasms and nihilistic theory, thinking to ex tend the activism and expe r imen ta t i on o f the 1960s into classroom
Sequence similarity (‘Homology’) searching for molecular biologists

Major types of sequence similarity searching (often, and incorrectly, called ‘homology’ searching) are reviewed and examples of each are presented. The features and limitations of each type of program, and individual implementations of each type are discussed. Two pairs of sequences are used as examples to show how implementations of each type differ in their results and their presentation. Both local and global alignment programs are examined, and the programs reviewed run on many different types of computer architectures, from laboratory computers such as the IBM PC, minicomputers such as the VAX, to large mainframe computers such as DEC-10/20 series.
Nutrition Services for Children with Special Needs in Child Care Programs

Abstract Children with special needs are increasingly being served in community-based settings. Guidelines for out-of-home child care programs published by the American Public Health Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that child care facilities integrate children with disabilities and children without disabilities. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutrition services provided to children with special needs in child care programs and the continuing education needs of child care personnel related to providing these services. Pretested questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 500 licensed day care homes and child care centers in a southeastern state. Two hundred forty-four programs (49%) serving 21,027 children completed questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Thirty-eight percent of programs reported serving children with special needs. A total of 403 children with special needs (an average of 4.3 children/program) were served. Programs reported serving children with special needs with food allergies/intolerances (55% of children served), growth problems (21%), feeding problems (8%), seizure disorders (7%), metabolic problems (3%), and a variety of other conditions including cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, asthma, and extreme medical fragility requiring tube feeding. Thirty-three percent of programs responding reported making special nutritional provisions for children with special needs. Of 289 children for whom special provisions were made, menu changes were provided for 57%, recipe changes for 12%, texture changes for 9%, assistance with feeding for 9%, food provided by parents was served for 6%, special eating devices provided for 4%, and eating area modified for wheelchair access for 4%. Forty-eight percent of programs responding reported that they measured height and weight of children, and 96% reported that they monitored children's eating. Continuing education needs identified included planning menus with more variety (48% reported moderate or high continuing education need), planning food and nutrition activities for the curriculum (44%), modifying recipes to decrease fat, sugar, and salt (44%), and planning menus that appeal to children (43%). The American Dietetic Association recommends that child care programs obtain consultation and guidance from a registered dietitian (RD) on a regular basis. Forty-five percent of child care programs in this study reported receiving consultation from a dietitian or nutritionist. The variety of nutritional needs of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses served by child care programs included in this study support the need for regular consultation and guidance by the RD.
Possible solution of the Coriolis attenuation problem

The most consistently useful simple model for the study of odd deformed nuclei, the particle-rotor model (strong-coupling limit of the core-particle coupling model) has nevertheless been beset by a long-standing problem: It is necessary in many cases to introduce an {ital ad hoc} parameter that reduces the size of the Coriolis interaction coupling the collective and single-particle motions. Of the numerous suggestions put forward for the origin of this supplementary interaction, none of those actually tested by calculations has been accepted as the solution of the problem. In this paper we seek a solution for the difficulty within the framework of a general formalism that starts from the spherical shell model and is capable of treating an arbitrary linear combination of multipole and pairing forces. With the restriction of the interaction to the familiar sum of a quadrupole multipole force and a monopole pairing force, we have previously studied a semimicroscopic version of the formalism whose framework is nevertheless more comprehensive than any previously applied to the problem. We obtained solutions for low-lying bands of several strongly deformed odd rare-earth nuclei and found good agreement with experiment, except for an exaggerated staggering of levels for K=(1)/(2) bands, which can bemore » understood as a manifestation of the Coriolis attenuation problem. We argue that within the formalism utilized, the only way to improve the physics is to add interactions to the model Hamiltonian. We verify that by adding a magnetic dipole interaction of essentially fixed strength, we can fit the K=(1)/(2) bands without destroying the agreement with other bands. In addition we show that our solution also fits {sup 163}Er, a classic test case of Coriolis attenuation that we had not previously studied. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Channel heat transfer in He I ― steady state orientation dependence

Experimental investigations of liquid helium heat transfer from a channel configuration are reported. Four model test sections are constructed each consisting of a rectangular cross section channel 127 mm in length and 12.7 mm wide with a narrow gap of dimension 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mm respectively. The channels are open at both ends to permit natural circulation of the helium coolant. Variables within the experiment include bath temperature and channel orientation. Values for the peak heat flux are compared to available correlations. An empirical fit to the angular dependence of the peak heat flux is suggested.
Transient heat transfer during cryogenic chilldown

Cryogenic fluids have found many practical applications in today’s world, from cooling superconducting magnets to fueling launch vehicles. In many of these applications the cryogenic fluid is initially introduced into piping systems that are in excess of 150 degrees Kelvin higher than the fluid. This leads to voracious evaporation of the fluid and significant pressure fluctuations, which is accompanied by thermal contraction of system components. This process is known as chilldown, and although it was first investigated more than 4 decades ago, very little data are available on the momentum and energy transport during this transient process. Consequently, the development of predictive models for the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient has been hampered. In order to address this deficiency, an experimental facility has been constructed that enables the flow structure to be observed while temperatures and pressures at various locations are measured. This study focuses on the inverse numerical procedure used to extract the transient heat transfer coefficient information from the data collected; this information is then used to evaluate the performance of various correlations for heat transfer coefficient in the flow boiling regime. The method developed utilizes flow structure information and temperature measurements, in conjunction with numerical computations for the temperature field within the tube wall, to calculate the heat transfer coefficient. This approach allows the transition point between the film boiling regime and the nucleate boiling regime to be determined, and it also elucidates the variation of the heat transfer coefficient along the circumference of a horizontal tube, with the heat transfer on upper portion being significantly smaller than that at the bottom.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Objective Achievement Testing in French: Recognition Versus Recall Tests

Author's summary.— An investigation of the correlation of comparable recall and recognition tests in French grammar. Selection and construction of tests, administration, scoring, tabulation, and correlation of results. Concluding that both types test approximately the same knowledge, regardless of “passive” or “active” form.)
A multi-institutional study on the safety and efficacy of specimen morcellation after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinical stage T1 or T2 renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Specimen morcellation during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is controversial. We seek to evaluate the safety and efficacy...
A metadata initiative for global information discovery

Abstract The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society’s information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the infrastructure design. A particular focus of GILS is the requirement to provide the means for people to discover sources of data and information. Information discovery in the GILS vision is designed to be decentralized yet coherent, and globally comprehensive yet useful for detailed data. This article introduces basic concepts and design issues, with emphasis on the techniques by which GILS supports interoperability. It explains the practical implications of GILS for the common roles of organizations involved in handling information, from content provider through system engineer and intermediary to searcher. The article provides examples of GILS initiatives in various types of communities: bibliographic, geographic, environmental, and government.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Larynx Treated by Surgery and Adjuvant Denosumab: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Giant cell tumor of the larynx (GCTL) is a rare entity; only 34 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of GCTL in a 46 year-old male presenting clinical, radiographic, histological and therapeutic features. Previously reported cases are also reviewed.
Hyaluronidase activity in cultured chick embryo skin fibroblasts.

Summary Primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from ten day old embryonic chick skin contain hyaluronidase activity, both associated with the cells and secreted into the medium. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 3.7, and is most active against hyaluronate as a substrate. The oligosaccharide products of fibroblast hyaluronidase action are similar in size to those of testicular hyaluronidase, ruling out significant degradation by exogtycosidases.
Solving third order linear differential equations in terms of second order equations

This paper presents a simplified version of a method by Michael Singer for reducing a third order linear ode to a second order linear ode whenever possible. An implementation is available as well.
Optimal capital structure, bargaining, and the supplier market structure

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between firm leverage and supplier market structure. We find that firm leverage decreases with the degree of competition between suppliers. Specifically, leverage decreases with the elasticity of substitution between suppliers. Leverage also decreases with the number of suppliers when the elasticity of substitution is high, and increases with the number of suppliers when the elasticity is low. We also provide empirical evidence that is consistent with the model predictions.
Segregation of RD-114 and FeLV-related sequences in crosses between domestic cat and leopard cat

TYPE C viruses of the RD-114 (ref. 1) group have been isolated, either spontaneously or after chemical induction, from cell cultures of the domestic cat (Felis catus)2–4. Nucleic acid sequences related to the RD-114 genome are in the DNA of all domestic cats5–8. Thus these viral genomes are transmitted vertically from parent to offspring as integral components of cat cellular DNA. Although the family Felidae consists of closely related animals, only four Felis species have been found to contain RD-114-related sequences. These include the domestic cat, the European wildcat (F. sylvestris), the sand cat (F. margarita), and the jungle cat (F. chaus); other members of the Felidae lack nucleic acid sequences related to RD-114 (ref. 9). The observation that RD-114 is partially related to the endogenous baboon type C viruses10–12 and that sequences related to RD-114 are found in the cellular DNA of all Old World monkeys led to the postulate that this group of viruses originated from an endogenous primate type C virus13 transmitted horizontally to the germ line of ancestors of certain Felis species during the Pliocene or early Pleistocene somewhere in the region of the Mediterranean basin9.
Acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: A costly business and a strategy to reduce costs (the "Time-Zero" plan).

Managed health care systems and other insurers in the United States are scrutinizing cost-containment measures for acute stroke care. Stroke remains a costly inpatient neurologic disease. Diagnostic technology for stroke has become extremely sophisticated, and the clinician must choose from a broad range of expensive tests. Conflict may arise as stroke patients and caregivers expect a full range of diagnostic tests, whereas primary care physicians strive for the most efficient diagnostic battery and cost containment. The neurologic specialist may find himself or herself caught in the middle of this conflict, frustrated by the apparent failure of the system to satisfy the expectations of providing the highest quality of patient care within cost-containment needs. The "Time-Zero" proposal is a plan to capture both high-quality stroke care and cost containment because common sense must prevail in these times of medical economic uncertainty. Physicians and stroke diagnostic providers must modify their behavior and maintain a flexible approach regarding availability of diagnostic services, whereas insurers must be willing to maintain quality standards to achieve rapid stroke diagnosis and treatment. There is a common ground where patients, physicians, and insurers can 'meet to tackle this challenge. The cost-containment "bottom line" will not mysteriously disappear; thus, we must have a rational plan for stroke diagnosis and treatment that lessens patient, physician, and insurer dissatisfaction.
TEMPERATURE AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES INDUCED IN THE UNANAESTHETIZED CAT BY THE CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION OF RX72601, A NEW ANTICHOLINESTERASE

1 The central effects produced by a new anticholinesterase RX72601 injected into the cerebral ventricles or perfused within circumscribed forebrain structures have been investigated in the unanesthetized cat. 2 When injected into the cerebral ventricles in doses of 1-10 mug, RX72601 produced a dose-related hyperthermia together with behavioural and autonomic responses. 3 Experiments designed to localize the site or sites of these actions demonstrated that hyperthermia could be produced from several diencephalic sites but that the other effects were not normally produced from these same sites.
Photoluminescence as a probe of the adsorption of gaseous boranes onto the surface of cadmium selenide crystals

Gas-phase adsorption of several boranes (BF 3 , MeBBr 2 , Me 2 BBr, and Et 3 B) onto the surface of etched, single-crystal n-CdSe quenches the band gap photoluminescence (PL) relative to its intensity in vacuum (pressure ∼10 -5 Torr). The PL quenching is consistent with the Lewis acidic nature of the boranes and is dependent on substituents: PL quenching follows the order BF 3 >MeBBr 2 >Me 2 BBr>Et 3 B. The magnitude of the PL quenching can be fit to a dead-layer model, permitting an estimate of the adduct-induced expansion of the depletion width in the semiconductor resulting from exposure to these Lewis acids; dead-layer expansions as large as ∼600 A have been measured
INHIBITION OF LYSINOALANINE FORMATION IN FOOD PROTEINS

Lysinoalanine (LAL), an amino acid derivative which exhibits nephrotoxic properties when fed to rats, is currently of considerable interest to the food industry. LAL has been shown to be present in a number of alkaline and/or heat treated food products. Rate studies were carried out to measure the formation of LAL in the presence and absence of mercaptoamino acids such as cysteine and glutathione. Addition of the mercapto amino acids to casein and soy protein during alkaline processing nearly eliminated the formation of LAL.
Plasmonic-Enhanced Pulsed-Laser Welding of Metal Nanowire Networks for Transparent Conducting Layers

Pulsed laser irradiation coupled into a metal nanowire network through plasmonic absorption leads to localized welding of junction points. This approach enables direct integration of transparent metal films with organic photovoltaic and light emitting devices.
Catabolism of neuropeptides by a brain proline endopeptidase.

Summary The substrate specificity of a rat brain proline endopeptidase has been examined with a variety of peptides having as few as 3 and as many as 30 amino acids. Each peptide is selectively cleaved on the carboxyl side of proline. The products of the reaction were separated by thin layer electrophoresis and identified by their amino acid compositions. Proteins such as reduced and alkylated serum albumin and denatured myoglobin were not substrates for the enzyme. The time course for hydrolysis of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and human angiotensin II demonstrated that both peptides were selectively and quantitatively cleaved at the expected site.
Particle Tracking Analysis of Recharge Areas on Long Island, New York

Protection of ground-water resources from the effects of anthropogenic contamination requires definition of the source of water flowing in developed aquifers. Aquifer recharge areas for the confined Magothy and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, are estimated by using a three-dimensional model of the Long Island ground-water flow system and a particle-tracking algorithm. Aquifer recharge areas under predevelopment conditions are consistent with an understanding of the ground-water flow system operation. A budget comparison indicated that the recharge occurring in each area as calculated by particle tracking was within one percent of the flow entering that aquifer, according to the water budget computed from the flow model. Aquifer recharge areas for two stressed conditions, one at the present time and the other an estimate for the year 2020, are more difficult to define because of numerous pumped wells. Maximum and minimuitn recharge areas for each aquifer are presented for both present conditions and the year 2020 to bracket the actual aquifer recharge areas. These results also are consistent with the water budgets computed from the flow model. Results indicate that development causes large-scale changes in flow patterns and the size and shape of aquifer recharge areas. The accuracy of defining recharge areas is limited by the model's representation of local-scale characteristics of the flow system and the wells.
Increased Vascular Resistance and Not Salt Retention Characterizes Cyclosporine A–Induced Hypertension: Report in an Anuric Patient

Cyclosporine A (CsA) use is associated with hypertension in most solid-organ transplant recipients. The mechanisms of CsA-induced hypertension have not been fully elucidated and are still controversial. We present a case of CsA-induced hypertension who was anuric and receiving hemodialysis, and in whom noninvasive cardiothoracic bioimpedence revealed elevated systemic vascular resistance without evidence of fluid-volume overload. We briefly discuss the possible mechanisms of CsA-induced hypertension in light of this information.
A semiotic perspective for AAC

This paper introduces semiotics to the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Semiotics includes the study of all types of communicative acts (signs) from language and other complex forms of human communication to animal communication and natural events in our environment. Its object of study overlaps that of AAC: communication. This paper presents semiotics as a methodological and/or theoretical framework that can be useful for AAC researchers and/or professionals to validate AAC terminology, identify sign characteristics, operationalize sign variables, expand sign taxonomies, and understand sign transmission processes (e.g., production and interpretation).
Free Radical–Induced Contractile Protein Dysfunction in Endotoxin-Induced Sepsis

Recent studies have indicated that sepsis is associated with enhanced generation of several free-radical species (nitric oxide [NO], superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) in skeletal muscle. It is also known that this enhanced free-radical generation results in reductions in skeletal muscle force-generating capacity, but the precise mechanism(s) by which free radicals exert this effect in sepsis has not been determined. We postulated that free radicals might react directly with the contractile proteins in this condition, altering contractile protein force-generating capacity. To test this theory, we compared the force generation of single Triton-skinned diaphragmatic fibers (Triton skinning exposes the contractile apparatus, permitting direct assessment of contractile protein function) from the following groups of rats: (1) control animals; (2) endotoxin-treated animal; (3) animals given endotoxin plus polyethylene glycol– superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), a superoxide scavenger; (4) animals given endotoxin plus N...
Understanding Consumer Responses to Product Risk Information

Abstract Two experiments examine how message framing moderates consumer responses to product risk information. The findings suggest that contrary to an influential theory, consumers exposed to loss-framed messages exhibit a general aversion to product risk involving both short-term adverse effects and more permanent harm. In contrast, consumers exposed to gain-framed messages differentiate among different types of product risk. They essentially ignore temporary product risks but give considerable decisional weight to risks of permanent harm. This article discusses the implications of these findings for those who design and regulate promotional messages that contain product risk disclosures.
Source apportionment of carbon during gasification of coal–biomass blends using stable carbon isotope analysis

Abstract Stable carbon isotope analysis, a unique analytical technique, has been utilized for distinguishing and quantifying the individual contributions of coal and biomass feedstocks in the generation of carbon containing gases during the gasification of their blends. For this purpose, corn stover (CS) and switchgrass (SG) were individually blended up to 30% by weight with two different Montana coals, namely, DECS-38 sub-bituminous coal (SB) and DECS-25 lignite coal (LG) and gasified at atmospheric pressure with varying O 2 /steam ratios. Gasifying at a constant O 2 /steam ratio while increasing percentage of biomass in the feedstock resulted in an increase of δ 13 C (‰) values for the carbon containing product gases. An increase in the concentration of oxygen in the feed stream at a constant biomass percentage leads to the depletion of 13 CO and enrichment of 13 CO 2 in the blends with corn stover while an enrichment of both 13 CO and 13 CO 2 was observed in blends with switchgrass. Based on isotope mass balance considerations, the contribution of corn stover was in the range of 1% – 40% for CO generation and 6% – 69% for CO 2 generation. Switchgrass, on the other hand, contributed up to 53% for CO generation and only 46% for CO 2 generation.
A spectral analysis program for the processing of neuro-electric data

The Spectral Analysis Program is designed to perform the following kinds of spectral analysis, using the Cooley-Tukey Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm: cross correlation, cross power spectrum, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, and double Fourier transform (the process of transforming two real functions simultaneously). These operations are performed on two blocks of core that can be filled through time-sequential sampling of an external analog signal or from previously sampled data that have been stored on DECtape. Through the use of nine Teletype commands, the user can manipulate input and output and select a particular type of spectral analysis. Output may be displayed on a 30D scope stored on DECtape or turned into hard copy by a Calcomp plotter used for processing neuroelectric data at the Stanley Cobb Laboratories for Psychiatric Research.
Towards an Alternative Educational Technology

This article attempts to outline an alternative form of educational technology based on an analysis of criticism levelled at the subject, both from within and without. It is the contention of this article that the future of educational technology rests on a genuine expansion of its concern rather than a refinement or modification of its existing content.
Artificial neural network modeling of stress single photon emission computed tomography imaging for detecting extensive coronary artery disease comparison of patients with and without diabetes

Abstract Background: Artificial neural network modeling of stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging has been shown to be useful in the detection of extensive coronary artery disease (CAD). We tested the hypothesis that ANN modeling can be used to detect extensive CAD in patients with and without diabetes. Methods: 109 patients (38 diabetic patients) with both stress SPECT and coronary angiography were studied. One model was trained for each vessel. The stress images were reduced to 25 points by pixel averaging of the polar map. The model output was 1 for vessel stenosis greater than 60% and 0 otherwise. Results: For patients with diabetes, model sensitivities were 96% (24/25) for Left Anterior Descending (LAD) vs. 68% for visual interpretation (p=0.01); 63% (10/16) for Left Circumflex (LCX) vs. 50% for visual interpretation (p=0.50); 100% (16/16) for the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) vs. 88% for visual interpretation (p=0.24). For patients without diabetes, model sensitivities were 89% (31/35) for LAD vs. 57% for visual interpretation (p=0.004); 77% (10/13) for LCX vs. 62% for visual interpretation (p=0.43); 91% (29/32) for the RCA vs. 72% for visual interpretation (p=0.06). In patients with and without diabetes, two- and three-vessel CAD was correctly predicted in 30/46 patients (65%) by modeling vs. 16/46 patients (35%) by visual interpretation (p=0.004). Comparing the patients with diabetes to the patients without diabetes, no significant difference existed in the detection of single-vessel and multi-vessel disease for both the model results and for visual interpretation. Conclusions: Artificial neural network modeling of stress SPECT imaging can be used to detect extensive CAD in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients. These models, given their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting extensive CAD, have great promise as an aid in correctly identifying high-risk CAD patients.
Antibodies to Photoproducts of Deoxyribonucleic Acids Irradiated with Ultraviolet Light

A rabbit immunized with complexes of methylated bovine serum albumin and ultraviolet-irradiated DNA from calf thymus produced antibodies directed toward the photoproducts in the DNA. Serologic activity appeared after irradiation of DNA at 270 mmicro and decreased upon irradiation at 235 mmicro. The antigenic determinants of the ultraviolet-treated DNA appear to be photoproducts associated primarily with thymine, as measured by direct dependence of serologic activity on the adenine-thymine content of the DNA, and by inhibition of the Serlolgic reaction by the irradiated di-,tri-,and tetra-(thymidine-5'-phosphate nucleotides.
The clinical diagnosis of acute severe mitral insufficiency.

Abstract The clinical and hemodynamic data of 8 patients with acute severe mitral insufficiency are presented. The natural history, physical signs, electrocardiogram, X-ray films and findings at cardiac catheterization present a characteristic picture which is distinct from the chronic form of the disease. The murmur is loud, apical and holosystolic with a late systolic decrease. It frequently radiates towards the base, mimicking aortic stenosis, and it is accompanied by an atrial sound and a third heart sound. Physical findings of pulmonary hypertension are present. Left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation are conspicuous by their absence. The basic pathology lies in the suspensory apparatus of the valve rather than in the leaflets. Four patients had ruptured chordae tendineae. If careful attention is paid to all of the clinical features, an accurate diagnosis can usually be made on clinical grounds alone.
Resonantly Enhanced Terahertz Transmission Through Aperiodic Arrays of Subwavelength Apertures

We demonstrate that specific classes of aperiodic arrays of subwavelength apertures, designed using a general numerical approach, exhibit sharp, well-defined transmission resonances. The resonance frequencies directly correspond to the associated aperture array structure factor.
Neuromonitoring in minimally invasive spine surgery

Major advances have been made in the implant technology, navigation, and imaging used in minimally invasive spine surgery. In addition, improvements in neuromonitoring protocols have improved the safety of these less invasive interventions, which are often characterized by limited direct visualization of the vital neurovascular elements. This review discusses the current practice of neuromonitoring as it relates to two commonly performed minimally invasive spine surgical procedures: the transpsoas lateral access approach and the percutaneous pedicle screw placement.
Nanoindentation of Silver Nanowires

The hardness and elastic modulus of a silver nanowire was measured using a nanoindenter. It was found that the silver nanowire has comparable hardness and elastic modulus to bulk silver. An array of nanoscale indents was successfully made on the wire by directly indenting the wire. The shape and size of the indents are controllable. The nanoindentation approach permits the direct machining of nanowires without the complications of conventional lithography.
Emotional strain in caregiving among African American grandmothers raising their grandchildren

African Americans are disproportionately represented in the number of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Using Role Strain Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, this study examines how older grandmothers fare relative to their younger counterparts. Eighty-five custodial African American grandmothers, aged 33-88 years old, completed demographic questionnaires and scales of Role Demand, Emotional Strain, Caregiving Strain Index, and Level of Care. Results showed older grandmothers experienced less emotional and caregiving strain relative to younger grandmothers. Furthermore, married grandmothers experienced less caregiving strain, and their age did not insulate them from the strain associated with the level of care. Implications are discussed.
Beyond Fe-only hydrogenases: N-functionalized 2-aza-1,3-dithiolates Fe2[(SCH2)2NR](CO)x (x = 5, 6)

Primary amines undergo chloromethylation with CH2O/SOCl2 to give RN(CH2Cl)2, which in turn react with Li2[Fe2S2(CO)6] to give Fe2[(SCH2)2NR](CO)6; in the case of R = CH2CHCH2 and CH2CH2SMe, Me3NO-induced decarbonylation afforded pentacarbonyl derivatives wherein the pendant functionality is coordinated to Fe.