cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed-radix approach to incremental DFT refinement

Incremental refinement algorithms can quickly produce approximate results and may then improve the quality of those results in subsequent stages of computation. They offer promise for the development of real-time systems whose performance degrades gracefully under diminishing hard deadlines. We present a new class of incremental refinement algorithms which employ mixed-radix signal representations for the calculation of successive approximations to the DFT. This class includes algorithms with a wide range of cost/quality tradeoff characteristics. This work generalized a previously reported class of algorithms which employ binary signal representations only. The mixed-radix formulation allows solutions of a given level of quality to be achieved using significantly fewer arithmetic operations in many instances. Under certain restrictions, these algorithms can also be implemented with no computational overhead using fixed-point binary hardware.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detect-to-warn scenarios for defense against airborne contaminants

Detect-to-warn defense strategies against airborne contamination are based on providing warning to personnel to take temporary protective actions. The effectiveness of such detect-to-warn active strategies is measured by the reduction in contaminant exposure compared to passive exposure. Effectiveness depends on several factors, including the contaminant release and transport properties, the warning sensor performance and the protective actions taken. In this paper we analyze effectiveness for several specific scenarios where certain reasonable protective actions are assumed and sensor performance is varied. One type of scenario analyzed is the protection of outdoor personnel against an upwind instantaneous point release. Meteorological conditions such as wind speed, turbulence level and heat flux, which result in high exposure levels are assumed. Personnel are warned to temporarily use filter masks based on a warning signal from a sensor placed between them and the release point. Another type of scenario is the protection of personnel inside of a building using active ventilation control. The building air handling properties, such as air exchange and recirculation, degree of leakage and filtration and zone volume, are representative of modern office buildings. Different sensor locations and ventilation control strategies are chosen to defend against outside and inside instantaneous point releases. In each scenario, we evaluate the dependence of effectiveness on sensor sensitivity threshold and response time. In addition, we describe desired values of other sensor attributes, such as false positive sensing rate, size, power consumption, maintenance frequency and procurement cost, to support realistic deployment and operations.
P03-21 - Sensory gating of auditory evoked potentials in schizophrenia: effects of gating-out and gating-in paradigms in relation to psychopathology

Deficit of sensory gating in schizophrenia patients was explored in gating-out and gating-in paradigms. A pair of identical clicks was presented in gating-out paradigm. In two gating-in paradigms a second click in a pair was either higher or lower frequency. Sensory gating, an attenuation of evoked responses to the second stimuli in a pair, was measured as a S2/S1 ratio of P50, N100 and P200 evoked potentials, recorded from Cz lead. The data from 34 schizophrenic subjects (averaged age = 46, s.d.10.5; 10 females) and 38 controls (averaged age 41, s.d.13; 22 females), were analyzed. Sensory gating was averaged across four identical EEG sessions. P50 gating was independent from the gating of N100 and P200 components in both groups. Schizophrenics had less gating in all three evoked responses in gating-in paradigms and deficit in N100 gating only in gating-out paradigm. A stepwise regression analysis of gating and PANSS scores has shown that P50 gating in both gating-in paradigms was related to Emotional component, P50 gating in gating-out paradigm was related to Negative component, and N100 gating in gating-out paradigm was related to General Psychopathology Score and Cognitive and Hostility components. A factor analysis has shown that less gating-in (attenuation instead of augmentation) in all three evoked responses in schizophrenic subjects was positively related to all three Total PANSS scores, when the second click in a pair was higher frequency. The results have shown the importance of both gating-in and gating-out paradigms in study of sensory gating in schizophrenia.
Myocardin-dependent Activation of the CArG Box-rich Smooth Muscle γ-Actin Gene: PREFERENTIAL UTILIZATION OF A SINGLE CArG ELEMENT THROUGH FUNCTIONAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE NKX3.1 HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN*

Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that binds a 10-bp element known as the CArG box, located in the proximal regulatory region of hundreds of target genes. SRF activates target genes in a cell- and context-dependent manner by assembling unique combinations of cofactors over CArG elements. One particularly strong SRF cofactor, myocardin (MYOCD), acts as a component of a molecular switch for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation by activating cytoskeletal and contractile genes harboring SRF-binding CArG elements. Here we report that the human ACTG2 promoter, containing four conserved CArG elements, displays SMC-specific basal activity and is highly induced in the presence of MYOCD. Stable transfection of a non-SMC cell type with Myocd elicits elevations in endogenous Actg2 mRNA. Gel shift and luciferase assays reveal a strong bias for MYOCD-dependent transactivation through CArG2 of the human ACTG2 promoter. Substitution of CArG2 with other CArGs, including a consensus CArG element, fails to reconstitute full MYOCD-dependent ACTG2 promoter stimulation. Mutation of an adjacent binding site for NKX3.1 reduces MYOCD-dependent transactivation of the ACTG2 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and luciferase assays show a physical and functional association between MYOCD and NKX3.1; no such functional relationship is evident with the related NKX2.5 transcription factor despite its interaction with MYOCD. These results demonstrate the ability of MYOCD to discriminate among several juxtaposed CArG elements, presumably through its novel partnership with NKX3.1, to optimally transactivate the human ACTG2 promoter.
Five-year lung cancer survival: which advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer patients attain long-term survival?

BACKGROUND: The core strategy of American College of Chest Physicians lung cancer guidelines is identification of the earliest symptoms of lung cancer and the immediate initiation of diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of screening, most symptomatic lung cancer is discovered at advanced stages, with the goal of long-term survival entirely dependent on effective treatment of stage III and IV lung cancer. METHODS: In a retrospective review, all patients diagnosed with stage IIIA, IIIB, and IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between the years 1986 and 2001 at City of Hope National Medical Center who survived 5 years or longer were analyzed to identify parameters that might predict long-term survival. RESULTS: Of 846 patients presenting with stage III or IV disease, 56 (6.6%) survived 5 years or longer. Sixteen patients died of primary tumor progression beyond 5 years. Two 5-year survivors died of second tobacco-caused neoplasms, and 16 died from medical conditions potentially related to prior treatment. A substantial majority of survivors were from specific pathologic subsets including: 1) resectable N2 disease (n ¼ 17, 30.4%), 2) multiple lung tumors (n ¼ 7, 12.5%), 3) T3N0 (n ¼ 5, 8.1%), and 4) single site distant metastasis (n ¼ 8, 14.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite aggressive multimodality therapy, 5-year survival in patients with advanced stage NSCLC was very poor and limited to small pathological subsets. Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who did not belong to 1 of these subsets had a small chance of long-term survival. Cancer 2010;116:1518–25. V C 2010 American Cancer Society.
Development of a quantitative video-based visualization method to characterize the flow behavior of food particulates in a model continuous aseptic sterilizer

The objectives of this study were to develop a quantitative visualization tool for evaluating flow behavior of particles in a compartmented aseptic system or other flow systems. The three dimensional movement of polystyrene balls as influenced by ball diameter (0. 95 and 1.90 cm), fluid flow rate (10, 20 and 30 L/min) and conveyor disk design (2 configurations) was recorded in a model heating apparatus and analyzed using motion analysis software. Ball speed and net-to-gross-displacement ratio (NGDR) values were calculated for ball movement in the x;y and x;z planes. As carrier liquid flow rate increased, there was an associated increase in both the mean and standard deviation speed and NGDR values. In general, larger ball sizes yielded lower speed and NGDR values (i.e., less movement). A concave (bowl-like) conveyor disk design as opposed to a 90° flat-edge disk design yielded greater speed and NGDR values when carrier velocity was greater than 20 L/min. Speed and NGDR values having higher standard deviations were interpreted as having more compartmental mixing. Furthermore, speed and NGDR mean and standard deviations were highly correlated. The results of this study demonstrated the potential utility of the flow visualization method for quantitating the flow behavior of particles through tubes. Furthermore, this method should be of value to food process engineers in developing continuous aseptic processes for particulate-containing foods.
Conference on the Present Tentative Program of the Commission on Continental and Oceanic Structure of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

The Commission welcomes this opportunity to discuss with the American Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics a tentative program in international geoscience. Our principal desire is to help keep the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics alive—not merely in cold storage—until its whole membership can again unite in the support of world-science for post-war problems. We also feel that our endeavors, at this time, may be of interest to other international scientific unions, which, for several reasons, have entirely ceased to function or even to maintain contacts between their personnel in the allied countries. The International Commission on Continental and Oceanic Structure was appointed, as most of you will recall, at the Edinburgh Assembly (1936) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics with the instructions that it seek to stimulate and facilitate the accumulation and correlation of factual information: First, as to the nature of the crustal structures characteristic of continental and oceanic areas; and second, as to the nature of the terrestrial processes responsible for the recurrence of certain crustal structures and patterns over the entire Earth's surface.
An essential role for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in alcoholic liver injury: regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatic steatosis in mice

The importance of chemokines in alcoholic liver injury has been implicated. The role of the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), elevated in patients with alcoholic liver disease is not yet understood. Here, we evaluated the pathophysiological significance of MCP-1 and its receptor, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), in alcoholic liver injury. The Leiber-DeCarli diet containing alcohol or isocaloric control diets were fed to wild-type (WT) and MCP-1-deficient knockout (KO) mice for 6 weeks. In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to study the role of MCP-1 in alcoholic liver injury. MCP-1 was increased in Kupffer cells (KCs) as well as hepatocytes of alcohol-fed mice. Alcohol feeding increased serum alanine aminotransferase in WT and CCR2KO, but not MCP-1KO, mice. Alcohol-induced liver steatosis and triglyceride were attenuated in alcohol-fed MCP-1KO, but high in CCR2KO mice, compared to WT, whereas serum endotoxin was high in alcohol-fed WT and MCP-1KO mice. Expression of liver proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, KC/IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and cluster of differentiation 68 was induced in alcohol-fed WT, but inhibited in MCP-1KO, mice independent of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cell activation in KCs. Oxidative stress, but not cytochrome P450 2E1, was prevented in chronic alcohol-fed MCP-1KO mice, compared to WT. Increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ was accompanied by nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and induction of fatty acid metabolism genes acyl coenzyme A oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in livers of alcohol-fed MCP-1KO mice, compared to WT controls. In vitro assays uncovered an inhibitory effect of recombinant MCP-1 on PPARα messenger RNA and peroxisome proliferator response element binding in hepatocytes independent of CCR2. Conclusion: Deficiency of MCP-1 protects mice against alcoholic liver injury, independent of CCR2, by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, linking chemokines to hepatic lipid metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2011)
Impromptu Presentations: Boosting Student Learning and Engagement Through Spontaneous Collaboration

This article describes impromptu presentations, a new pedagogical approach for college classrooms that produces full engagement and rapid information processing by students. The technique offers an additional tool to the growing literature on active and collaborative learning. Given a short timeframe, students are required to investigate, analyze, or solve problems assigned by the instructor. This brief critical thinking phase is followed by group presentations in which the students must support their arguments and teach others about relevant course concepts. The traditional idea of learning by teaching serves as the foundational principle behind this approach. Various ways of employing impromptu presentations in the classroom are also described. Finally, the merits of the impromptu presentation approach are highlighted by drawing on the active learning, peer teaching, and levels of learning literature streams.
A General Purpose Textile Plant Energy Consumption Model

Computer models for various textile processes have been developed for use on personal computers. These models use regression techniques and enthalpy balances to predict energy consumption from user supplied process parameters. The models have been verified through extensive use in plant energy studies and have successfully identified energy saving measures and produced accurate energy cost per unit pro duction information and departmental energy projections. A summary of the modeling and verification techniques is presented here.
RTPS Telemetry - Simulator Link at Naval Air Warfare Center

Abstract : Over the last 3 years the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD), Patuxent River, MD, has been in the process of developing a link between its secure Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) and Real Time Processing System (RTPS) facilities. The MFS hosts a wide variety of high fidelity fixed and rotary wing aircraft simulation models. The RTPS is used as a telemetry ground station for conduct of Navy flight testing at Patuxent River, MD.
Computer simulation and experimental validation of isoelectric focusing in ampholine-free systems

An abbreviated version of a mathematical model of the steady state in isoelectric focusing is presented. Details of the mathematical transformations leading to a model suitable for computer implementation and numerical solution are given in the Appendix. The model describes the structure of concentration, pH, conductivity and potential gradients arising from the focusing of electrochemically defined ampholytes. Some of the results of computer simulations of two and three component systems are of particular interest to the experimentalist and are presented together with experimental validation of this model.
The polarographic determination of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine.

Abstract A new polarographic method for the determination of 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine has been presented. The calibration curves for 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, dl -thyroxine, 3,5-diiodotyrosine, and iodate ion have been compared. An equimolar mixture of 0.1 N ammonium chloride and 0.1 N ammonium hydroxide served well as the supporting electrolyte.
The computation of simplicial approximations of implicitly defined p-dimensional manifolds

Abstract A method is presented for the computation of a simplicial approximation covering a subset M 0 of a p -dimensional manifold M in R n defined implicitly as the solution set of a nonlinear system F ( x ) = 0 of n − p equations in n unknowns, n > p ≥ 2. The subset M 0 is either the intersection of M with some polyhedral domain in R n and is assumed to be bounded and nonempty, or it is an entire manifold component which has no boundary, such as a sphere. The method represents a generalization of a simplicial approximation process for the case p = 2 developed earlier by the author and W. Rheinboldt.
Range-finding toxicity data: list 8.

Abstract Acute toxicity and irritation data are tabulated for about 140 synthetic organic compounds, most of them tested before regular production, in a continuing program to predict potential acute hazards to health of accidental human contact with chemicals which may become commercial products.
Practical limitations to the influence of through-thickness normal stress on sheet metal formability

Abstract According to a recent (original) model, when hardening properties and the ratio of through-thickness normal stress to the first principal stress (γ≡σ3/σ1) are held constant, sheet metal formability can be increased dramatically through the introduction of a compressive through-thickness normal stress, σ3. In practice, however, both the hardening properties and γ evolve with the progression of deformation. To manage most efficiently the evolution of the hardening properties and γ, the original model is cast into a more compact form and presented as a proposed alternative form (proposed model). When the evolution of the hardening properties and γ is considered, the proposed model is shown to be in very good agreement with observed data; the influence of through-thickness normal stress on sheet metal formability is quite small for all practical purposes. Because the structure of the original model is similar to that of the proposed model, the original model is also validated. Ultimately, it is verified that although the theory of the original and proposed model may be acceptable, the implications of such theories are less profound than those first proposed when practical limitations are considered. This work serves as a useful basis for: (1) further understanding the limitations of the influence of compressive through-thickness normal stress on sheet metal formability and (2) exploring opportunities for improving sheet metal formability.
Cooking Bolshevik: Anastas Mikoian and the Making of the Book about Delicious and Healthy Food

Both one of the most iconic cookbooks of all time and one of the strangest, the "Kniga o vkusnoi i zdorovoi pishche" became the culinary bible of the Soviet household during the mid-twentieth century. The logical culmination of a decade of Soviet culinary evolution under the leadership of Anastas Mikoian, the original "Book about Delicious and Healthy Food" is a microcosm of Stalinist civilization that exemplifies the contradictory trends making up Soviet politics and culture in the late 1930s. Drawing on previously unexamined documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Anastas Mikoian's personal papers retained in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, as well as published primary sources, this article seeks to contextualize the complex tale of the cookbook's origins in a broader narrative of the construction of the Soviet Union's official food culture under Mikoian's leadership during the 1930s.
Effects of 77 chemicals on reproduction in male and female coturnix quail

Abstract Seventy-one chemicals were administered as single oral doses at about 50% of the estimated LD 50 to adult male Coturnix quail ( Coturnix coturnix ). None reduced the fertility of eggs produced by female mates by more than 50%. Of six additional chemicals similarly administered to female quail at 24 to 56% of the estimated LD 50 , only one, P,P -bis(1-aziridinyl)- N -phenylphosphinic amide, reduced expected egg fertility by more than 50%.
Nonspecific effects in psychoeducational intervention research.

Randomized clinical trials support the efficacy of a wide range of psycho-educational interventions. However, the mechanisms through which these interventions improve outcomes are not always clear. At times, the theoretically specified factors within interventions have been shown to have specific effects on patient outcomes. But it has also been argued that other factors not identified in the intervention theory (e.g. “non-specific” factors such as patient expectations and therapeutic patient-clinician alliances) have powerful “non-specific” effects that account for most, if not all, of the observed efficacy of psycho-educational interventions. This paper describes important concepts in this debate and discusses key issues in distinguishing between specific and non-specific effects of psycho-educational nursing interventions. Four examples are used to illustrate potential methods of identifying and controlling for non-specific effects in clinical intervention trials.
Regulated Human Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Mouse Brain

Erythropoietin (Epo) is known for its role in erythropoiesis and acts by binding to its receptor (EpoR) on the surface of erythroid progenitors. EpoR activity follows the site of hematopoiesis from the embryonic yolk sac to the fetal liver and then the adult spleen and bone marrow. Expression of EpoR has also been observed in selected cells of non-hematopoietic origin, such as the embryonic mouse brain during mid-gestation, at levels comparable to adult bone marrow. EpoR transcripts in brain decrease during development falling by birth to less than 1–3% of the level in hematopoietic tissue. We have now recapitulated this pattern of expression using a human EpoR transgene consisting of an 80-kb human EpoR genomic fragment. The highest level of expression was observed in the embryonic yolk sac and fetal liver, analogous to the endogenous gene, in addition to expression in adult spleen and bone marrow. Although activity of this transgene in brain is initially lower than the endogenous gene, it does exhibit the down-regulation observed for the endogenous gene in adult brain. The expression pattern of hybrid transgenes of an hEpoR promoter fused to β-galactosidase in 9.5-day embryos suggested that the hEpoR promoter region between −1778 and −150 bp 5′ of the transcription start site is necessary to direct EpoR expression in the neural tube. EpoR expression in the neural tube may be the origin of the EpoR transcripts detected in brain during development. These data demonstrate that both the mouse and human EpoR genes contain regulatory elements to direct significant levels of expression in a developmentally controlled manner in brain and suggest that in addition to its function during erythropoiesis, EpoR may play a role in the development of selected non-hematopoietic tissue.
The Early Stages of Taxol Biosynthesis: An Interim Report on the Synthesis and Identification of Early Pathway Metabolites

Covering: 1966 to 2012 The biosynthesis of the anti-cancer drug taxol (paclitaxel) has required the collaborative efforts of several research groups to tackle the synthesis and labeling of putative biosynthetic intermediates, in concert with the identification, cloning and functional expression of the biosynthetic genes responsible for the construction of this complex natural product. Based on a combination of precursor labeling and incorporation experiments, and metabolite isolation from Taxus spp., a picture of the complex matrix of pathway oxygenation reactions following formation of the first committed intermediate, taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene, is beginning to emerge. An overview of the current state of knowledge on the early-stages of taxol biosynthesis is presented.
Transport of L-proline and its regulation in Leishmania tropica promastigotes.

SYNOPSIS Leishmania tropica promastigotes transport L-proline through an active uptake system that has saturation kinetics, temperature dependence, a requirement for metabolic energy and transport against a concentration gradient. In experiments lasting 10 min, less than 10% of the proline transported is incorporated into macromolecules. The remainder is largely unaltered proline with an intracellular concentration nearly 60 times that in the reaction mixture. The uptake system has a relatively broad specificity; it is competitively inhibited by D-proline as well as by alanine, methionine, valine, azetidine-2–carboxylate, thioproline, 3,4–dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and α-aminoisobutyric acid. Pre-established intracellular proline pools exchange with external proline as well as compounds that compete with it for uptake. Evidence is presented that feedback inhibition and transinhibition may regulate proline uptake in this organism.
Marital Counseling: An Integrated Brief Therapy Approach

Advantages ofandpotentialpitfalls in integrated approaches to marital counseling are addressed. The authors present a sequential approach to marital counseling in which they integrate various approaches without jeopardizing internal consistency antd uniformity in treatment.
A question of size: the eukaryotic proteome and the problems in defining it

We discuss the problems in defining the extent of the proteomes for completely sequenced eukaryotic organisms (i.e. the total number of protein-coding sequences), focusing on yeast, worm, fly and human. (i) Six years after completion of its genome sequence, the true size of the yeast proteome is still not defined. New small genes are still being discovered, and a large number of existing annotations are being called into question, with these questionable ORFs (qORFs) comprising up to one-fifth of the 'current' proteome. We discuss these in the context of an ideal genome-annotation strategy that considers the proteome as a rigorously defined subset of all possible coding sequences ('the orfome'). (ii) Despite the greater apparent complexity of the fly (more cells, more complex physiology, longer lifespan), the nematode worm appears to have more genes. To explain this, we compare the annotated proteomes of worm and fly, relating to both genome-annotation and genome evolution issues. (iii) The unexpectedly small size of the gene complement estimated for the complete human genome provoked much public debate about the nature of biological complexity. However, in the first instance, for the human genome, the relationship between gene number and proteome size is far from simple. We survey the current estimates for the numbers of human genes and, from this, we estimate a range for the size of the human proteome. The determination of this is substantially hampered by the unknown extent of the cohort of pseudogenes ('dead' genes), in combination with the prevalence of alternative splicing. (Further information relating to yeast is available at http://genecensus.org/yeast/orfome)
Effect of Some Formulation Adjuncts on the Stability of Benzoyl Peroxide

The stability of benzoyl peroxide in polyethylene glycol ointment base and some liquid vehicles (acetone, ethanol, propylene glycol, and their mixtures) was studied. Some solutions also contained an additional ingredient (acetanilide, benzoic acid, chlorhydroxyquinoline, and hydroxyquinoline) as a possible stabilizer. Benzoyl peroxide decomposed very fast (first-order K value 0.028 day-1 at 24 degrees) in polyethylene glycol ointment base. At 50 degrees, the potency of benzoyl peroxide in polyethylene glycol ointment base decreased to less than 1% in 5 days. Decomposition in solutions is complex. Considering acetone as a standard vehicle, ethanol improved the stability of benzoyl peroxide and propylene glycol had an adverse effect on the stability. Of the stabilizers studied, only chlorhydroxyquinoline improved the stability.
Combination of Compositional Verification and Model Checking for Safety Assessment of Complex Engineered Systems

This paper presents a novel safety specification and verification approach based on the compositional reasoning and model checking algorithms. The behavioral specification of each component and subsystem is modeled to describe the overall structure of the design. Then, these specifications are analyzed to determine the least number of component redundancies that are required to tolerate and prevent catastrophic system failure. The framework utilizes Labelled Transition Systems (LTS) formalism to model the behavior of components and subsystems. Furthermore, compositional analysis is used to reason about the components’ constraints (or assumptions) on their environments and the properties (or guarantees) of their output. This identification of local safety properties of components and subsystems leads to satisfaction of the desired safety requirements for the global system. A model of quad-redundant Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) is constructed and, in an iterative approach, its safety properties are analyzed. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach for verifying the safety issues associated with complex systems in the early stages of the design process.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Phenotyping the untouchables: environmental enhancement of behavioral and physiological activation in seizure-prone El mice

The onset and frequency of spontaneous and tail suspension-induced seizures in El mice appear to be influenced strongly by developmental and experiential factors over the first 3 months of life. To assess the impact of social factors on behavioral characteristics of El mice prior to the age of seizure susceptibility, locomotor activity and exploratory measures of arousal were recorded in 40-day-old El and control DDY mice exposed to group and isolation housing conditions. Once mice reached maturity, physiological reactivity to a tail suspension stressor was evaluated. The locomotor activity measure revealed circadian entrainment in both strains, nocturnal hyperactivity in El mice, and a locomotor activity-attenuating effect of group housing in El mice. In the two-compartment model of exploration, latency to enter, transitions to and from, and rearing in a brightly lit compartment were 50% higher in El relative to DDY mice, again suggesting a hyperactive phenotype. Finally, an acute 2-minute tail suspension stressor applied to 75-day-old mice implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters revealed a reactive tachycardia in El, but not DDY, mice. No seizures were observed during any of the experimental manipulations. Taken together, these results suggest that spontaneously occurring deviations in behavioral and cardiovascular measures of arousal characterize preseizure El mice and that motor features of hyperarousal can be exaggerated by the environmental manipulation of isolation housing.
Climate Advisory Committee appointed

The National Climate Program Act of 1978 established a committee to advise the Secretary of Commerce and the Congress on the conduct of the National Climate Program, created under the Act. The National Climate Program is a multiagency effort administered through a program office in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Its purpose is to help the United States understand and respond to both natural and man-induced climate processes and their implications.
Deoxythymidine kinase metabolism in equine herpesvirus type 3 infected horse embryo dermal fibroblasts

Abstract Noninfected and equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV-3) infected horse embryo dermal fibroblasts (KyED cells) were examined for deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) activity. The activity of extracts from EHV-3-infected KyED cells was approximately seven-fold greater than that of sham-infected cells. Antibody elicited against disrupted EHV-3 infected KyED cells neutralized the EHV-3-induced enzyme activity but not the dTKs present in extracts from uninfected cells. EHV-3 induction of dTK was confirmed by the demonstration of the inability of the virus strain to replicate in the presence of arabinosylthymine (AraT) in cells which themselves were resistant to the drug. In addition, the induced dTK in EHV-3 infected cells was resistant to feedback inhibition by dTTP, but was sensitive to AraT when tested in vitro. This contrasts with the AraT-resistant, dTTP-sensitive enzyme activity observed in extracts of uninfected cells. Electrophoretic analysis of cell extracts in polyacrylamide gels indicated that the EHV-3-induced enzyme comigrates with the host cell cytosol enzyme. These results indicate that infection of cells with EHV-3 results in the induction of a new dTK activity which appears to meet R. A. Jensen's ( Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 30 , 409–425, 1976) criteria for an evolutionary primitive enzyme.
Distribution of Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Primary Blast Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from explosive-related blast overpressure is a topic at the forefront of neurotrauma research. Compromise of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and other cerebral blood vessel dysfunction is commonly reported in both experimental and clinical studies on blast injury. This study used a rifle primer-driven shock tube to investigate cerebrovascular injury in rats exposed to low-impulse, pure primary blast at three levels of overpressure (145, 232, and 323 kPa) and with three survival times (acute, 24, and 48 h). BBB disruption was quantified immunohistochemically by measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation with image analysis techniques. Pure primary blast generated small lesions scattered throughout the brain. The number and size of lesions increased with peak overpressure level, but no significant difference was seen between survival times. Despite laterally directed blast exposure, equal numbers of lesions were found in each hemisphere of the brain. These observations suggest that cerebrovascular injury due to primary blast is distinct from that associated with conventional TBI.
New committee formed to oversee Antarctic research vessels

Antarctic Support Associates (ASA), as primary contractor to the National Science Foundation supporting the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), has established an Antarctic Research Vessel Oversight Committee (ARVOC). The committee maintains a Web site, at http://enterprise.asa.org, to disseminate information about the Antarctic Research Vessels, ship scheduling, equipment acquisitions or needs, ARVOC agenda items or announcements, and other relevant information.
Induction of trichocyst discharge in Paramecium bursaria.

SYNOPSIS. A method is described for obtaining trichocyst discharge in Paramecium using an extract of geranium leaves. The extract is easily prepared, gives readily reproducible results, and is only slightly toxic to the cells. Using this method, large quantities of trichocysts can be obtained for a variety of analyses. Preliminary evidence suggests that the component of the extract active in causing trichocyst discharge is geranium tannic acid.
Negative Regulation of LRP6 Function by Casein Kinase I ϵ Phosphorylation

Wnt signaling acts in part through the low density lipoprotein receptor-related transmembrane proteins LRP5 and LRP6 to regulate embryonic development and stem cell proliferation. Up-regulated signaling is associated with many forms of cancer. Casein kinase I ϵ (CKIϵ) is a known component of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. We find that CKIϵ binds to LRP5 and LRP6 in vitro and in vivo and identify three CKIϵ-specific phosphorylation sites in LRP6. Two of the identified phosphorylation sites, Ser1420 and Ser1430, influence Wnt signaling in vivo, since LRP6 with mutation of these sites is a more potent activator of both β-catenin accumulation and Lef-1 reporter activity. Whereas Wnt3a regulates CKIϵ kinase activity, LRP6 does not, placing CKIϵ upstream of LRP6. Mutation of LRP6 Ser1420 and Ser1430 to alanine strengthens its interaction with axin, suggesting a mechanism by which CKIϵ may negatively regulate Wnt signaling. The role of CKIϵ is therefore more complex than was previously appreciated. Generation of active CKIϵ may induce a negative feedback loop by phosphorylation of sites on LRP5/6 that modulate axin binding and hence β-catenin degradation.
Application of atomic force microscopy to lithography characterization and control

The characterization and control of high aspect ratio features have typically presented challenges to conventional in-line metrology. For example, the extent to which a top- down CD SEM is capable of detecting scumming in deep trenches and vias varies as a function of feature aspect ratio and typically must be first verified by independent means before one can rely upon it to control the lithographic process. By necessity, this verification has been done destructively upon a limited of samples. The present work uses in-line work uses in-line Atomic Force Microscopy to characterize the lithography of high aspect ratio vias. Operating a Dektak SXM320 in its DT mode, we have scanned vias in excess of 1.5 microns deep with nominal top dimensions of 300 nm, and we have nondestructively explored and characterized the lithography process window for a variety of process layer representing a range of aspect ratios from 3:1 to 5:1. Analysis of the scan traces by various algorithms will be discussed particular in the context of process control and the tool's ability to gauge the relative openness of the feature. We will also present our experiences with tip requirements and durability.
Time-tested methods for effective time management: Regardless of what you think time is, these techniques will make your personal and professional life more productive

What is time? For most, it is something elusive of which there is never enough. Other people think it is something that flies. And yet others think it is money!
Resonant enhancement of dielectronic recombination from a continuum of finite bandwidth

Dielectronic recombination of Ba from a continuum of finite bandwidth in microwave fields of 4, 8, and 12 GHz exhibits a resonant enhancement when the microwave frequency matches a $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=1,$ 2, or 3 transition in the intermediate autoionizing $n\mathcal{l}$ Rydberg states. The origin of the enhancement is resonant Stark mixing of high- and low-l states of different n. Surprisingly, there is little difference between linear and circular polarization of the microwave field, which is attributed to the fact that more than two n levels are coupled in both cases. The dependence of the widths of the resonances on the microwave field is related to how many n states are coupled, and the threshold field for the appearance of the resonances is due to the requirement that low-l states with nonzero quantum defects be mixed with the hydrogenic high-l states. Finally, recombination has been observed from energies in excess of the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ${6p}_{1/2}$ limit.
A computer-oriented system for music printing.

The term "music printing" encompasses several production processes. First an engraver (or other craftsman) produces an original image of the eventual printed page, which is replicated several times; the printed impressions are made from the replicas. No simple generic term describes the production of the original image; rather, the method of production usually lends its name to the process. The terms set and setting, for example, generally imply the use of metal type. Although there have been some attempts to use typesetting for music, these terms will be adopted here to describe the production of the original image regardless of the method of production. Music setting, then, is to be understood as the process of placing music symbols in their required places. Music printing will refer to the entire sequence of processes which produce a finished piece of printed music. The research described here is primarily concerned with music setting, a handicraft art form which, except for developments in style, has remained relatively unchanged over a period of nearly four hundred years. Although computers have been used in a variety of ways in the printing industry, music printing is one interesting application which has remained quite intractable. To put the task of computer-aided music printing in some reasonable perspective, it is necessary to consider some of the history and detail of traditional music printing. In medieval times all music setting was done manually by monks on parchment or fine quality paper. Usually illuminated, these were truly works of art. The evolution of music notation is traced briefly by Read [1]* who reveals an important effect of the advent of music printing on music notation: just as type faces became standardized after the advent of book printing, so music
Abstract 1914: Cross-talk between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages leads to tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis

Interactions between neoplastic and stromal cells leads to crosstalk that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Since Fos-related antigen-1 (Fra-1) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) are involved in tumor cell angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and are frequently deregulated in cancer cells, they represent attractive targets to regulate these effects. Here, we demonstrate that up-regulation of Fra-1 by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represents a malignant switch in breast carcinoma triggered by the deregulation of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway which, in turn, increases the release of pro-angiogenesis factors MMP9, VEGF and TGF-β. Co-culture of 4T1 breast cancer cells with TAMs leads to up-regulation of Fra-1, IL-6 and Stat3 in TAMs. Furthermore, knockdown of Fra-1 in TAMs causes downregulation of IL-6, Stat3 and decreases the release of MMP9, VEGF and TGF-β. Together, these effects suppress the malignant characteristics of 4T1 breast tumor cells such as invasiveness, angiogenesis and metastasis. This study delineates novel mechanisms involved in the transcriptional deregulation of Fra-1 that lead to the activation of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway in TAMs. Such events play a key role in promoting breast cancer cell invasion, growth and metastasis and our findings will determine if AP-1 family transcription factors such as Fra-1 are responsible for the overexpression of IL-6 in TAMs. Importantly, blocking of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway will interrupt the crosstalk between TAMs and breast tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and thereby change the biological function of TAMs, resulting in the suppression of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1914.
Apollo 12 thermal radiation properties

The spectral and total thermal radiation properties as a function of bulk density are presented for lunar fines from the Apollo 12 mission. The total emittance is presented as a function of temperature from 90 to 400°K and the solar reflectance (albedo) for near normal incidence.
Dynamics of Nonclassical Light from a Single Solid-State Quantum Emitter

We measure the dynamics of a nonclassical optical field using two-time second-order correlations in conjunction with pulsed excitation. The technique quantifies single-photon purity and coherence during the excitation-decay cycle of an emitter, illustrated here using a quantum dot. We observe that for certain pump wavelengths, photons detected early in the cycle have reduced single-photon purity and coherence compared to those detected later. A model indicates that the single-photon purity dynamics are due to exciton recapture after initial emission and within the same pulse cycle.
Cultural competence in the undergraduate nursing curriculum

More demands are being put on nursing faculty to incorporate content related to cultural competence in the undergraduate curriculum. Adding more content into an already full curriculum and becoming proficient at teaching cultural competence throughout the curriculum are challenging to nursing faculty. In addition, identifying personal bias to ensure that students are prepared to deliver culturally sensitive care requires a certain amount of self-awareness of personal prejudice. The purpose of this article is to present the implementation of the newly developed Blueprint for Integration of Cultural Competence in the Curriculum (BICCC) into an undergraduate nursing curriculum as a framework for teaching cultural competence in an undergraduate nursing curriculum. This will include defining culture and cultural competence as they relate to teaching, presenting educational standards of cultural competence in accrediting agencies, presenting level objectives for learning cultural competent information, describing a curriculum incorporating cultural competence in an undergraduate nursing program, and providing examples of implementation of cultural competence teaching strategies for nursing faculty.
Analysis of dynamic restitution of ECG parameters in the rabbit langendorff heart exposed to drugs that lengthen or abbreviate QT

Dynamic restitution has been used to characterize ECG parameters but not for cardiac electrograms recorded from Langendorff preparations. This study was designed to determine if expressions of dynamic restitution detect effects of drugs that either prolong or abbreviate QT in the rabbit Langendorff preparation. Dynamic restitution was characterized as hysteresis of beat-to-beat QT-TQ relationships, an expression known to predict arrhythmogenic liability in vivo. Rabbit hearts perfused according to the methods of Langendorff were exposed to vehicle or to escalating concentrations of dofetilide (that prolongs QT) and pinacidil (that shortens QT). RR, QT, QTc(F, B), TQ and QT/TQ were measured from bipolar transventricular electrograms during baseline and exposure to drugs. Plots of each parameter versus concentration, or versus time for vehicle, were made. Opposite changes were produced by dofetilide and pinacidil ; QT, QTcF and QTcB lengthened significantly for dofetilide and shortened significantly for pinacidil. The QT/TQ ratio lengthens for dofetilide and shortens for pinacidil. Thus effects on expressions of dynamic restitution in the in vitro Langendorff preparation mimic effects observed in vivo.