cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of an intervention to improve resident-fellow teaching interactions on the wards

Subspecialty fellows can serve as a tremendous educational resource to residents; however, there are multiple barriers to an effective resident-fellow teaching interaction in the setting of inpatient consultation. We designed and evaluated a resident-directed intervention to enhance communication and teaching during consultation on the general medicine wards. Five medical teams were randomized to receive the intervention over a 3 month period (3 control, 2 intervention teams). The intervention was evaluated with pre and post-intervention surveys. Fifty-nine of 112 interns completed the pre-intervention survey, and 58 completed the post-intervention survey (53 % response rate). At baseline, 83 % of the interns noted that they had in-person interactions with fellows less than 50 % of the time. 81 % responded that they received teaching from fellows in less than 50 % of consultations. Following the intervention, the percentage of interns who had an in-person interaction with fellows greater than 50 % of the time increased in the intervention group (9 % control versus 30 % intervention, p = 0.05). Additionally, interns in the intervention group reported receiving teaching in more than 50 % of their interactions more frequently (19 % control versus 42 % intervention, p = 0.05). There were no differences in other measures of teaching and communication. We demonstrate that a time-efficient intervention increased perceptions of in-person communication and the number of teaching interactions between interns and fellows. Further studies are warranted to determine whether such an approach can impact resident learning and improve patient care.
The Cultural Revolution on Trial: Mao and the Gang of Four

The trial of Cultural Revolution leaders, including Mao's widow and her Gang of Four, was the signal event in China's post-Mao transition. In its wake, Chinese socialism emerged from the rubble of the Cultural Revolution to create the China that we know today. This spectacular show trial was a curious example of transitional justice, marking a break from the trauma of the past, a shift to the present era of reform, and a blueprint for building a better future. In this groundbreaking reconstruction of the most famous trial in Chinese history, Alex Cook shows how the event laid the cornerstone for a new model of socialist justice; at the same time, a comparison of official political and legal sources with works of popular literature reveals the conflicted cultural dimensions of this justice. The result, Cook argues, saved Chinese socialism as ruling ideology, but at the cost of its revolutionary soul.
Post-hepatectomy hyperbilirubinemia: The point of no return.

Abstract Background Post-hepatectomy hyperbilirubinemia is associated with liver insufficiency and failure. The highest survivable peak total bilirubin (ptbili) is not defined. This study aimed to identify the postop ptbili beyond which survival is improbable or impossible. Methods An institutional database of major hepatectomies (≥3 segments, no biliary resections), 2000–2012 was reviewed. Data were analyzed to find ptbili in the first 45 postop days. Factors associated with 90-day mortality (90 DM) and those predictive of ptbili were determined. Results 603 pts were analyzed with 90DM of 4.5%. 90 DM for a ptbili ≥ 18 (n = 15) was 86.6%, but only 2.5% for a ptbili 65 (HR14.24, CI 2.9–70.5; p = 0.001), preop chemotherapy (HR4.77, CI 1.3–18.2; p = 0.02) and postop FFP (HR12.5, CI 2.6–56.2; p = 0.001). Conclusion Postop ptbili ≥ 18 after major hepatectomy has an 86.6% risk of 90DM; there are no survivors for tbili ≥ 30. These values may guide postop counseling for prognosis. Future studies may evaluate tbili ≥ 18 as an indication for hepatic replacement therapy.
Atypical chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with cystoid macular edema: Therapeutic response to medical and laser therapy.

Abstract Purpose To describe an atypical case of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods A 58-year-old man with longstanding, bilateral visual impairment was self-referred for a second opinion. Results Findings by direct ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) were suggestive of atypical, chronic CSCR. Treatment with oral anti-mineralocorticoids resulted in moderate improvement, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) had minimal effect. Conclusion Chronic CSCR may lack cardinal features of CSCR. Once retinal degenerative changes ensue, current treatments may not be effective in improving anatomical and visual outcomes in patients with chronic CSCR.
ReDroid: Prioritizing Data Flows and Sinks for App Security Transformation

Security transformation is to transfer applications to meet security guarantees. How to prioritize Android apps and find suitable transformation options is a challenging problem. Typical real-world apps have a large number of sensitive flows and sinks. Thus, security analysts need to prioritize these flows and data sinks according to their risks, i.e., flow ranking and sink ranking. We present an efficient graph-algorithm based risk metric for prioritizing risky flows and sinks in Android grayware apps. Our risk prioritization produces orderings that are consistent with published security reports. We demonstrate a new automatic app transformation framework that utilizes the above prioritization technique to improve app security. The framework provides more rewriting options than the state-of-art solutions by supporting flow-and sink-based security checks. Our prototype ReDroid is designed for security analysts who manage organizational app repositories and customize third-party apps to satisfy organization imposed security requirements. Our framework enables application transformation for both benchmark apps and real-world grayware to strengthen their security guarantees.
Microbial fuel cells in saline and hypersaline environments: Advancements, challenges and future perspectives.

Abstract This review is aimed to report the possibility to utilize microbial fuel cells for the treatment of saline and hypersaline solutions. An introduction to the issues related with the biological treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewater is reported, discussing the limitation that characterizes classical aerobic and anaerobic digestions. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, and the possibility to be applied in the presence of high salinity, is discussed before reviewing the most recent advancements in the development of MFCs operating in saline and hypersaline conditions, with their different and interesting applications. Specifically, the research performed in the last 5 years will be the main focus of this review. Finally, the future perspectives for this technology, together with the most urgent research needs, are presented.
Making the Most of Radio Tracking—A Summary of Wolf Studies in Northeastern Minnesota

Abstract In a continuing study of wolves (Canis lupus) and their major prey, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus vivginianus), in northeastern Minnesota (U.S.A.), radio tracking has been the primary technique used since 1968. Some 182 wolves and 106 deer have been captured in one study area, and most of them radio tracked. All individuals captured for radio tagging were also blood-sampled so that their nutritional and physiological state could be determined. Basic information has been gathered about the socioecology of both species and about interactions of the two. Seasonal movements, home range and territory sizes, migrations, and dispersal of individual wolves and deer have been studied, and histories have been accumulated for as long as 4 years for a deer, 7 years for an individual wolf, and 11 years for a pack. Composite data over the study period has been accumulated for over 16 contiguous wolf packs. Studying large numbers of both predators and prey over a long enough period, however, has also made it possible to gather data on population parameters of these species. Thus productivity, density, population trend, survivability, mortality, and predation rates have also been measured, and details of the interaction between wolves and deer have been described from the standpoint of both species. With the identities and locations of individuals and social units known, a wealth of supplementary information could also be gathered. Individual wolf packs were tracked and their scent-marking described. Packs of known compositions were induced to howl under various circumstances, and their responses analyzed. Carcases of study animals were given thorough autopsies, so that causes of death could be ascertained. The spatial distribution of wolf-killed deer were plotted in relation to deer-concentration areas and to wolf-pack territories, and a relationship was discovered between deer and wolf socioecology. This attempt at combining radio tracking of both predator and prey, of blood-sampling study animals, and of supplementing the radio tracking studies as much as possible, produced a matrix of information about the entire predator-prey system that far exceeds the value of merely recording a series of radio locations for its constituent animals.
Rising Trends of Prescription Opioid Sales in Contemporary Brazil, 2009-2015.

Objectives. To present and discuss recent patterns of prescription opioid sales throughout Brazil.Methods. We graphed linear trends of opioid prescriptions sold from registered pharmacies across Brazil from 2009 to 2015. We then calculated the change in rate of prescriptions sold per 1000 persons in 2015 compared with 2009.Results. Opioid sales increased across Brazil from 1 601 043 prescriptions in 2009 to 9 045 945 prescriptions in 2015, corresponding to a 465% increase in 6 years. The largest absolute increase was for codeine products (rate ratio (RR) = 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.29, 5.31), accounting for more than 98% of prescriptions in both years. Oxycodone had the largest relative increase (RR = 11.39; 95% CI = 11.19, 11.59), and fentanyl products had the smallest absolute and relative increase (RR = 2.91; 95% CI = 2.78, 3.03).Conclusions. Given rapid increases in opioid sales across Brazil, it is critical to introduce effective prescribing and monitoring methods that allow patients to ...
Efficacy and authority of the message sender during emergency evacuations: a mixed methods study

To understand why coastal residents do not always evacuate before storms, a pair of studies analyzed evacuation decision-making among residents of Long Beach, NY and surrounding municipalities on L...
Structural Constraints in School Desegregation

The main objective of this chapter is to explore the definition of the desegregation situation from the participants’ point of view and to explore the historical and structural forces that shape them.
Understanding household population through ceramic assemblage formation: Ceramic ethnoarchaeology among the Gamo of Southwestern Ethiopia.

The goal of this paper is to identify the relationship between ceramic assemblages and household population. This ethnoarchaeological study among the Gamo of southwestern Ethiopia focuses on three villages and the relationship between household population and the ceramic life cycle and vessel uselife. The life cycle analysis in combination with vessel function reveals that household population could be interpreted from vessel frequency and volume. The non-pottery-producing village of Etello displays more correlations between household population and ceramic assemblages than do the two pottery-producing villages of Zuza and Guyla. Furthermore, vessel function plays a principal role in the association between uselife and household population.
Synthesis and Release of Contraceptive Steroids from Bioerodible Poly(Ortho Ester)S

Because of possible adverse effects or a desire to terminate therapy, implanted bioerodible drug delivery systems should be easily removable at any time. For this reason, solid devices that maintain their mechanical integrity throughout the major portion of their delivery regime are particularly attractive. A further desirable feature is drug release that is close to zero order.
Biosurveillance and Dentistry.

Events of public health concern continue to present a challenge for the general population. A key element to address appropriate health responses is the establishment of modern public health surveillance mechanisms. In this chapter we explore possible scenarios/use cases where dentists can use electronic dental record technology to increase the accuracy, coverage, and timeliness of existing public health surveillance efforts. We identify organizational, technical, and regulatory elements that influence the adoption of such approaches and possible benefits when integrated to the public health system at large.
Possible Origin of Three Nucleon Interactions

We discuss some aspects of three nucleon interactions (3NI) in nuclei. As is well known, a non-relativistic model with local NN interactions (2NI) alone cannot simultaneously fit two nucleon and nuclear matter properties. A phenomenologival 3NI which resolves this problem was suggested by Carlson et al.[1]. We then consider two potentials which have the same S-wave phase shift but differ with the respect to their short range interactions, and consequently in their resulting three body ground state energy. Finally, the three nucleon energy can be attributed to a combination of short range correlations and approximate chiral symmetry restoration in nuclear matter.
Bridging the Oncology Practice Gap

A practice gap is defined as the education, knowledge, and skills of a generalist advanced practice provider—who completed his or her advanced education in specific foci such as family, adult, geri...
Exit Interviews: Laboratory Assessment Incorporating Written and Oral Communication.

The teaching lab is an important component of training and developing undergraduate chemistry students. The lab provides a complex teaching environment where faculty address a number of student-centered goals, including the development of technical proficiency, demonstrations of theoretical concepts, promotion of teamwork, and modeling of data analysis and scientific communication. A low-stakes assessment for encouraging student preparation, self-reflection, and synthesis of material, called the exit interview, provides students with guided written and oral exercises on performed laboratory tasks and planned postlab data analysis by combining a written lab wrapper with an oral interview. This approach provides opportunities for students to practice oral communication on a performed task, which, in turn, builds lab confidence. Recommendations for incorporating exit interviews into other chemistry courses, including larger laboratory sections, are included.
In vivo characterization of the deformation of the human optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography and digital volume correlation.

Abstract We developed a method to measure the 3-dimensional (3D) strain field in the optic nerve head (ONH) in vivo between two intraocular pressures (IOP). Radial optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were taken of the ONH of 5 eyes from 5 glaucoma patients before and after IOP-lowering surgery and from 5 eyes from 3 glaucoma suspect patients before and after raising IOP by wearing tight-fitting swimming goggles. Scans taken at higher and lower IOP were compared using a custom digital volume correlation (DVC) algorithm to calculate strains in the anterior lamina cribrosa (ALC), retina, and choroid. Changes in anterior lamina depth (ALD) relative to Bruch’s membrane were also analyzed. Average displacement error was estimated to be subpixel and strain errors were smaller than 0.37%. Suturelysis decreased IOP by 9–20 mmHg and decreased compressive anterior-posterior strain E zz in the ALC by 0.76% ( p = 0.002 , n = 5 ). Goggle-wearing increased IOP by 3–4 mmHg and produced compressive E zz in the ALC ( - 0.32 % , p = 0.001 , n = 5 ). Greater IOP decrease was associated with greater ALD change ( p = 0.047 , n = 10 ) and greater strains in the ALC ( E zz : p = 0.002 , n = 10 ). A deepening of ALD was associated with lower IOP and greater ALC strains ( p ⩽ 0.045 , n = 10 ). A DVC-based method to measure strains from OCT images caused by IOP changes as small as 2.3 mmHg provides preliminary evidence that ALD is shallower and ALC strains are less compressive at higher IOP and that ALD change is associated with ALC strains. Statement of Significance Glaucoma causes vision loss through progressive damage of the retinal ganglion axons at the lamina cribrosa, a connective tissue structure in the optic nerve head that supports the axons as they pass through the eye wall. It is hypothesized that strains caused by intraocular pressure (IOP) may initiate this damage, but few studies have measured the strain response to pressure of the optic nerve head in patients. We present a method to measure the 3D displacement and strain field in the optic nerve head caused by IOP alteration in glaucoma patients using clinically available images. We used this method to measure strain within the optic nerve head from IOP changes caused by glaucoma surgery and wearing tight-fitting swimming goggles.
Intermediate and Long-Term Consequences

From the preceding analyses, it is clear that a large number of human casualties would occur in the immediate period after multiple nuclear explosions; that the radioactive fallout would inevitably deposit at the surface at high levels of activity across large scales of landscape; and that the inputs into the atmosphere of particulates and other emissions from secondary fires would result over the subsequent weeks and months in extraordinary changes in weather and insolation. From this basis, we can now look forward in time to the repercussions of these phenomena on human life.
Editorial Commentary: Graft Choice for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Will There Ever Be a Correct Answer? Probably Not

Graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been a great controversy in the sports medicine literature for the last 25 years. It has been well studied in the orthopaedic literature, with numerous randomized control trials and large database studies. There remain advantages and disadvantages to each autograft choice, primarily bone-patellar tendon-bone, quadrupled hamstring, as well as allograft. More recently, quadriceps autograft has also been studied as a suitable alternative. Most studies show nearly equivalent functional outcomes for autograft anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring autografts in athletes younger than the age of 25 years, whereas allograft may be preferred for older athletes.
Electrically Programmable Phased-Array Antenna using Phase-Change Materials

We present an electrically tunable metasurface as an optical phased array antenna by employing a deep learning approach to intelligently design hybrid phase-change/plasmonic materials-based meta-atoms spatially adding 0 and π phase-shift while minimizing reflectance variation.
Novel gene-specific translation mechanism of dysregulated, chronic inflammation reveals promising, multifaceted COVID-19 therapeutics

Hyperinflammation and lymphopenia provoked by SARS-CoV-2-activated macrophages contribute to the high mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Thus, defining host pathways aberrantly activated in patient macrophages is critical for developing effective therapeutics. We discovered that G9a, a histone methyltransferase that is overexpressed in COVID-19 patients with high viral load, activates translation of specific genes that induce hyperinflammation and impairment of T cell function or lymphopenia. This noncanonical, pro-translation activity of G9a contrasts with its canonical epigenetic function. In endotoxin-tolerant (ET) macrophages that mimic conditions which render patients with pre-existing chronic inflammatory diseases vulnerable to severe symptoms, our chemoproteomic approach with a biotinylated inhibitor of G9a identified multiple G9a-associated translation regulatory pathways that were upregulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, quantitative translatome analysis of ET macrophages treated progressively with the G9a inhibitor profiled G9a-translated proteins that unite the networks associated with viral replication and the SARS-CoV-2-induced host response in severe patients. Accordingly, inhibition of G9a-associated pathways produced multifaceted, systematic effects, namely, restoration of T cell function, mitigation of hyperinflammation, and suppression of viral replication. Importantly, as a host-directed mechanism, this G9a-targeted, combined therapeutics is refractory to emerging antiviral-resistant mutants of SARS-CoV-2, or any virus, that hijacks host responses.
Correcting Sight and Accounting at Lca-Vision Inc

This case provides students with an opportunity to decide how to respond to an SEC inquiry and how to communicate adverse news. It does so in the context of accounting for separately priced extended warranties. LCA-Vision (LCA), a leading provider of LASIK vision-correction services, accounted for separately priced extended warranties incorrectly. Under US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), LCA was required to defer revenues associated with extended warranties. Instead, LCA recognized 93% of these revenues immediately, and deferred the 7% in accordance with the proportion of customers needing follow-up treatment. During the routine review process, the SEC posted a comment letter questioning this accounting treatment, which subsequently led to a restatement and shareholder litigation. Therefore, the case is an opportunity to examine how managers interact with regulatory bodies, communicate with investors, account for separately priced extended warranties, and correct erroneous filings via issuing a restatement. It is suitable for an audience of accounting students, or as an elective for general business students who have some exposure to accounting. Excerpt UVA-C-2413 Rev. Nov. 30, 2018 Correcting Sight and Accounting at LCA-Vision Inc. It is 10:35 p.m. on March 13, 2007, and an excited Jonathan Harper puts down the phone. He just spoke with his boss, Levi, and has been given his first assignment as a new consultant. His firm advises on matters of securities regulations. The client, LCA-Vision Inc. (LCA), has just run into problems with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Harper did not get all the details, but, apparently, LCA's description of its accounting led the SEC to believe that its accounting for separately priced warranties is not in compliance with US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). LCA wants to know whether it is in compliance, and, if not, how it should account for these warranties and communicate with the SEC and investors. Harper can hardly believe his luck. In his very first assignment, he will get an opportunity to advise a client on how to deal with the nation's top securities regulator. Levi had arranged a meeting with him in the morning to share details. But Harper was too excited to sleep, so he decided to see what he could find out about LCA and its accounting policies relating to extended warranties prior to the meeting. Harper races online and finds that LCA is listed on NASDAQ (under the ticker LCAV), and is one of the leading providers of laser vision-correction services in the United States. He learns that LCA owns and operates 60 LasikPlus vision centers in the United States, and operates some in Canada through a joint venture. Since 1995, the company has performed more than 740,000 laser vision-correction procedures throughout the United States and Canada. Further, its stock price took off from 2003 through 2006, but is now starting to stall (Exhibit 1). . . .
Foundational Interpretations (1880–1970)

Sociologists like Durkheim, Mauss, van Gennep, Douglas and others tried to create overarching rules to explain human social behavior in a scientific way. Durkheim said the body (including hair) functions as a group symbol and helps bring order to human existence. Van Gennep emphasized hair often figures into his three-stage rites of passage, with the hair ritual being the action that moves the participant from one stage to the next. Douglas noted that social control is reflected in control of the body, and hair is pre-eminently a boundary marker for gender and belonging. Finally, Mauss added that cut hair simulates forms of sacrifice and gives magico-religious power to hair rites. Hair from a religious leader maintains religious power because blood and hair were potent sacred substances that possessed totemic power. The interconnection of psychology, religion and hair practices originated with Freud and Jung, but the interplay of the unconscious and culture is far more complex. Symbols change as culture and religion evolve.
BandPass: A Bluetooth-Enabled Remote Monitoring Device for Sarcopenia

As the United States population ages, managing pathologies that largely affect older adults, including sarcopenia (i.e., loss of muscle mass and strength) represents a significant and growing clinical challenge. In addition to increased rates of sarcopenia with age, its incidence and impact increase after acute illness, increasing the risk of functional decline, institutionalization, or death. Resistance-based exercises promote muscle regeneration and strength and are an advised therapy for such patients. Yet, such therapeutic exercises are normally conducted either under direct clinical oversight or unsupervised by patients at home, where compliance rates are low. The presented device, BandPass, aims to create an integrated force data detection and acquisition system for monitoring and transmitting at-home exercise force data to patients and clinicians. A potentiometer-based sensor was integrated to a resistance exercise band through the use of custom designed electronics, which incorporated Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for wireless transmission to a mobile ‘app’. A protocol for calibrating the device was developed using a range of loads and validated in static benchtop and dynamic testing. Data from a pilot study with 7 older adults was also collected and analyzed to test the device. BandPass is 94% accurate with a coefficient of variation (CoV) of 4.9% and sensitivity of 150g. The pilot study recorded 147 exercises, allowing for analysis on patients’ exercise performances. BandPass was successfully able to measure force continuously over time during exercises, measure longitudinal compliance with exercises, and quantify force continuously over time. A mobile health (mHealth) force-sensing system allows for the remote monitoring of prescribed in-home resistance exercise band programs for at-risk older adults, bridging the gap between clinicians and patients.
Correction: COVID-19 and the academy: opinions and experiences of university-based scientists in the U.S

The original paper lacked a clear statement on ethical approval and informed consent. The following statements have now been added to the paper to provide additional clarity for the reader: Ethical approval The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committees at Arizona State University (Study #00011868) and at the University of Illinois at Chicago (Protocol #2020-0470). Informed consent All individuals invited to participate in the study were provided a statement of informed consent. The informed consent language clearly explained their rights as a research subject/participant. By entering the survey individuals affirmed their consent. © The Author(s) 2021
A Review of “Handbook for Dental Identification”

This book represents the first American-authored text on the rapidly emerging forensic specialty of forensic dentistry, The primary author is Dr. Lester Luntz, a man eminently qualified in the field, one regarded by his professional peers as a pioneer of forensic dentistry, and a gentleman dedicated to the advancement of forensic dentistry in this country.
Extracellular Ubiquitin Modulates Cardiac Fibroblast Phenotype and Function

Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) increases extracellular levels of ubiquitin (UB), and extracellular UB inhibits β-AR-stimulated apoptosis. In the heart, exogenous UB affects β-AR-stimul...
Social Cognition as a Predictor of Social Competence in Children and Adolescents after Epilepsy Surgery (P2.245)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the predictive value of pre-surgical social cognitive measures of affect recognition and theory of mind on postsurgical social competence in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. BACKGROUND: Medically refractory epilepsies are often treated with surgery after appropriate neuropsychological evaluation. Though social cognition is a burgeoning field, research regarding the link between social cognition and competence and the effect of epilepsy surgery on these measures in pediatric patient populations has been scarce. METHODS: Data from twenty-four epilepsy surgery patients were used in a multiple linear regression model to analyze the effect of baseline theory of mind on postsurgical social competence. Another multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effect of baseline affect recognition on postsurgical social competence using data from twenty-seven epilepsy surgery patients. Covariates in both of the models included left versus right hemisphere surgery, gender, and baseline social competence. Relationships among side of surgery, age of seizure onset, and gender and the baseline values of theory of mind, affect recognition, and social competence. Linear regression was used for all the models, except the model for the dichotomous theory of mind variable, for which logistic regression was used. RESULTS: A lower baseline theory of mind was found to be a statistically significant predictor of lower postsurgical social competence (p=0.0349), while baseline affect recognition was found to be marginally predictive of higher social competence (p=0.067). This effect was seen in right hemisphere surgery patients only. However, no statistically significant relationships were found between age of onset, side of surgery, and gender and baseline variables of affect recognition, theory of mind, and social competence. CONCLUSIONS: While studies have focused on seizure data as a predictor of behavioral outcomes, our data suggests the value of pre-surgical neuropsychological data in evaluating post-surgical behavior. Disclosure: Dr. Khullar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Horn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Greiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mangano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Byars has nothing to disclose.
Gandhi's Nightmare: Bhopal and the Need for a Mindful Jurisprudence

For decades, activists and academics have been lamenting the disparate impact of global environmental decay on populations less endowed with legal resources. However, the implicit biases of legal theory itself remain unchallenged even when global resource disparities are addressed. Little attention has been given in transnational jurisprudence to how the thought sub structures of modern legal theory contain dispositions that advantage privileged interests and hamper transnational environmental justice efforts.How can transnational jurisprudence change to become more mindful of the environmental impacts disproportionately experienced by the disempowered, and what conception of global society shall the law embody such that it earns the voluntary submission of the people? We explore these questions with a speculation on how Gandhi’s thought applies to transnational environmental jurisprudence. Gandhi’s thought contains four components that contain the necessary ingredients to evaluate the dominant frames that debilitate global environmental justice efforts. First, Gandhi presented his own construction of the individual’s relationship to the physical and social environments. Second, Gandhi’s thought defines the relationships between societies in a way that is free of Western assumptions of global governance. Third, his thought contains a critique of industrialization and presents a powerful alternative. Fourth, his thought contains a reconstruction of the purpose and function of law and legal systems for a world in which “progress” includes social equality and environmental protection. Comprehensively, Gandhi’s thought reinvigorates a decayed relationship between global environmental justice and transnational environmental jurisprudence by simultaneously redefining the human-environment relationship, legal theory, and dominant Western assumptions of the relationships between nations.We directly apply Gandhi’s thought to the case law that resulted from the Bhopal chemical disaster, which is widely considered the worst industrial disaster in world history. Applying Gandhi’s thought to the Bhopal cases is useful for two reasons. First, the Bhopal cases contain several core legal doctrines that appear regularly in transnational cases. Second, there is a profound power imbalance between the civilians and the corporation that highlights the case’s relevance to global environmental justice. Through our analysis of the legal principles and the parties’ arguments in this case law, we illustrate our conception of a mindful jurisprudence of the transnational environment.
The Bright Side and the Dark Side of Political Sophistication: Issue Voting and Race in the 2008 Presidential Election

Issue voting has remained near the top of the field's agenda for decades, and most studies have found that voters who score higher on various measures of political sophistication are also more likely to cast votes that reflect their positions on issues. But there is also recent evidence that political sophistication also strengthens the relationship between racial attitudes and opinion on domestic policy issues. In this paper, I analyze the relationship between political sophistication (measured as political knowledge), issue preferences, racial attitudes, and voter choice among whites in the 2008 American National Election Study. Political sophistication does amplify the relationship between issues and voter choice, but it also strengthens the relationship between explicit prejudice and issue preferences. Implicit prejudice, on the other hand, seems to have direct effects on voter choice, independent of knowledge and issue preferences.
Cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices (KABP) of disadvantaged women in the South Bronx.

Abstract Background. This study assessed cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices (KABP) among 1,280 African American and Hispanic women. Methods. A written self‐report KABP survey was administered. Results. Most women reported using breast self‐examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography, but only 66% had had Pap tests in the preceding year. Group comparisons revealed significant differences for cancer and disease beliefs between the Black and the Hispanic women. Less knowledge about screening significantly predicted underutilization of Pap testing (OR = 2.71, CI 2.02, 3.63), BSE (OR = 1.63, CI 1.63, 2.13), and CBE (OR = 1.66, CI 1.27, 2.18). Conclusions. KABP surveys were important in developing cancer interventions.
Experience with Approximations in the Trust-Region Parallel Direct Search Algorithm

Recent years have seen growth in the number of algorithms designed to solve challenging simulation-based nonlinear optimization problems. One such algorithm is the Trust-Region Parallel Direct Search (TRPDS) method developed by Hough and Meza. In this paper, we take advantage of the theoretical properties of TRPDS to make use of approximation models in order to reduce the computational cost of simulation-based optimization. We describe the extension, which we call m TRPDS, and present the results of a case study for two earth penetrator design problems. In the case study, we conduct computational experiments with an array of approximations within the m TRPDS algorithm and compare the numerical results to the original TRPDS algorithm and a trust-region method implemented using the speculative gradient approach described by Byrd, Schnabel, and Shultz. The results suggest new ways to improve the algorithm.
Characterization of Fas receptor peptides with calmodulin and its derivatives (969.2)

The Fas receptor (FasR)-mediated apoptotic pathway has been known to be regulated by Ca2+ fluctuations in the cell, specifically through Calmodulin (CaM). CaM contains four EF-hand motifs, and upon Ca2+ binding, a conformational change is elicited, allowing FasR binding. Here we sought out to perform a characterization using synthetic Fas peptides and recombinant CaM and Troponin C chimera proteins (1TnC, 2TnC, 3TnC, and 4TnC) in which the EF-hands have been interchanged (i.e. 1TnC contains the first EF-hand motif of TnC and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th EF-hands of CaM). Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we determined that a peptide with sequence TLSQVKGFVRKNGVNE binds weakly to CaM (Kd =1.8 x 10-5 M) whereas a longer peptide (KYITTIAGVMTLSQVKGFVRKNGV) binds moderately to CaM (Kd = 2.6 x 10-6 M). The replacement of the 1st or 2nd EF-hands did not significantly alter the peptide binding affinity in comparison to CaM, being driven by both positive entropy and negative enthalpy changes, whereas the replacement...
Control of a series-input, parallel-output cell balancing system for electric vehicle battery packs

Cell balancing circuits are required in battery packs to equalize the state-of-charge (SOC) of series-connected cells. This paper presents a control strategy for a modular cell balancing architecture based on low-voltage bypass dc-dc converters that perform real-time active cell balancing using a shared low-voltage (LV) bus. Each bypass converter includes an autonomous controller, which employs a faster loop with a standard PI compensator to regulate the LV bus voltage and a slower loop with droop control to regulate SOC of each cell. The control strategy results in balanced LV load current sharing among bypass converters. Design and stability analysis details are provided for the cell balancing system and bypass converters. The control approach is verified by experimental results for a three series-connected Li-ion NMC battery cell system with three digitally controlled dual-active bridge bypass converters.
Endogenous Technical Progress and Spillovers in a Vertically-Linked Model of Economic Geography

Technology has generated vast economic surpluses, but has also driven extreme and growing economic inequality due to the self-reinforcing nature of technical progress and technology diffusion. Economists have recently renewed their interest in the important role of geography in the creation and diffusion of technology – and hence in economic development and inequality. This paper contributes to this effort by introducing a simple endogenous growth process in which labor productivity increases with industry size and spillovers between regions are possible into a core-periphery vertically-linked model(1996). Rather than isolating their effect, this paper studies the implications of adding endogenous growth and spillovers to the existing vertical linkages of the Puga and Venables (1996) model. Multiple equilibria may obtain when endogenous growth with spillovers is added. While endogenous technical progress is generally an agglomeration forced and spillovers are a dispersion force, the strength of these forces is mediated by trade costs. Finally, the dispersion forces associated with increasing spillovers and relatively low, falling trade costs mostly operate independently, but there are critical values of trade costs at which the two are strong ‘dispersion complements’ such that a marginal increase in spillover scope significantly reduces the economic inequality between the two regions. The existence of such tipping points suggests that some countries attempting to increase technology spillovers into its economy may enjoy few development benefits while others may reap substantial gains.
Organized intracerebral hematoma with acute hemorrhage: CT patterns and pathologic correlations

Five cases of pathologically proven organized intracerebral hematoma with recent hemorrhage are reported. The hemorrhages were spontaneous, were located in deep structures of the brain, and presented without a clinical history of hypertension or trauma. No underlying causes of the hematomas were identified histologically. Various computed tomographic (CT) patterns of recurrent hemorrhage in an organized hematoma were observed. A hyperdense, well demarcated mass with minimal contrast enhancement but no surrounding edema was observed when rehemorrhage was confined within a late-organizing hematoma. A “target” sign of a ring-enhancing mass was observed when the new hemorrhage developed within an early-organizing hematoma. When a new hemorrhage occurred outside a solid-enhancing organized hematoma, the CT appearance suggested a possible tumoral hemorrhage. Close clinical and CT follow-up is desirable for initial management of a suspicious rehemorrhaging organized hematoma situated in the deep-seated or superficial sensitive structures if the symptomatology has stabilized or improved. Tissue diagnosis and surgical evacuation are indicated when the clinical course fluctuates or progresses and CT demonstrates an interval increase of lesion.
The effect of nuclear transfer on the uptake and retention of uracil-14C and phenylalanine-14C by Amoeba proteus after irradiation with ultraviolet light

Abstract Irradiation of prelabeled Amoeba proteus cells with ultraviolet light increased the retention of phenylalanine- 14 C but decreased the retention of uracil- 14 C. These effects were photoreversible. Cells obtained by nuclear transfer, with either the nucleus or the cytoplasm irradiated, showed that retention of phenylalanine- 14 C was directly related to cytoplasmic injury, whereas retention and uptake of uracil- 14 C were controlled principally by the nucleus. A nonirradiated nucleus or cytoplasm mitigated the UV-injury of an irradiated cytoplasm or nucleus.
Simplified calculation method for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems

This paper describes the development of a simplified calculation method for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems. The simplified design tool is able to account for key differences between UFAD and traditional mixing overhead (OH) systems. These include: (1) difference between design day cooling load profiles, (2) impact of a thermally stratified environment for UFAD versus well-mixed for OH, and (3) impact of heat transfer (temperature gain) in underfloor air supply plenums. The new design tool allows the use of a familiar load calculation procedure for OH mixing systems as input to the UFAD design tool. Based on 87 EnergyPlus simulations, four regression models have been developed to transform the OH cooling load into the UFAD cooling load, and then to split this total load between the supply plenum, zone (room), and return plenum. The regression models mainly depend on floor level, and position (interior or perimeter) and orientation of the zone under analysis. Although considered in the analysis, supply air temperature, window-to-wall ratio, internal heat gain, plenum configuration, climate, presence of the carpet and structure type do not strongly influence the developed models. The results show that, generally, UFAD has a peak cooling load 19% higher than an overhead cooling load and 22% and 37% of the total zone UFAD cooling load goes to the supply plenum in the perimeter and interior, respectively.
The use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for the certification of standard reference materials

Abstract Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) has been used extensively at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards as an accurate method to determine trace element concentrations in natural materials. Thermal ionization mass spectrometry is a single element technique capable of high accuracy and precision, and has been used for “definitive” measurements of trace elements in sera with 95% confidence limits less than 0.25%. Spark source mass spectrometry is a complementary multielement, high-sensitivity technique that has been used to determine up to 20 elements in a sample, with typical accuracies of 2%–5%. Together with appropriate chemical separations, such as anion and cation exchange, chelate resins, electrodeposition, and chemical extraction, IDMS has been applied to elemental concentration measurements ranging over eight orders of magnitude, from decigrams/gram to picograms/gram. Many of these applications have been used for the certification of a broad spectrum of biological and environmental Standard Reference Materials, including lead in Trace Elements in Water (SRM 1643), 15 elements in Coal Fly Ash (SRM 1633a), uranium in Bovine Liver (SRM 1577a), and mercury in water (SRM 1642).
Immunological response in the primate oviduct to a defined recombinant sperm immunogen

Assessment of immune responses in the oviduct is of importance in understanding reproductive tract responses to infections, vaccination against reproductive tract pathogens, or contraceptive immunogens. This review discusses a technique that permits repeated sampling of oviductal fluid from the same monkey at intervals spanning up to several years, and the analysis of antigen-specific immunoglobulins in the fluid. This technique is important to immunocontraceptive development because previous studies in primates have lacked information on oviductal immune responses and contraceptive efficacy may not correlate well with serum antibody titers. Thus, a reliable method of sampling oviductal fluid before and after immunization with a defined antigen is required to determine the quantity and type of local immune responses necessary to achieve contraceptive effects. Implantation of access ports proved useful for repeatedly aspirating oviductal fluid in vivo from cynomolgus monkeys that was free from artifactual contaminants and with no observable changes in the behavior or health of the animals. Subsequent assays of relative and absolute concentrations of antibodies in oviductal fluid and serum demonstrated the presence of IgA and IgG specific for the recombinant sperm immunogen SP-10 in fluid collected from the periovulatory oviduct of primates after intramuscular inoculations. The antibodies evoked by the recombinant sperm vaccinogen recognized the endogenous antigen target on both human and macaque sperm, lending support for the possibility of developing a contraceptive immunogen that prevents fertilization.
Crystal structure of yeast Sis1 peptide-binding fragment and Hsp70 Ssa1 C-terminal complex

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 40 facilitates the critical role of Hsp70 in a number of cellular processes such as protein folding, assembly, degradation and translocation in vivo. Hsp40 and Hsp70 stay in close contact to achieve these diverse functions. The conserved C-terminal EEVD motif in Hsp70 has been shown to regulate Hsp40–Hsp70 interaction by an unknown mechanism. Here, we provide a structural basis for this regulation by determining the crystal structure of yeast Hsp40 Sis1 peptide-binding fragment complexed with the Hsp70 Ssa1 C-terminal. The Ssa1 extreme C-terminal eight residues, G634PTVEEVD641, form a β-strand with the domain I of Sis1 peptide-binding fragment. Surprisingly, the Ssa1 C-terminal binds Sis1 at the site where Sis1 interacts with the non-native polypeptides. The negatively charged residues within the EEVD motif in Ssa1 C-terminal form extensive charge–charge interactions with the positively charged residues in Sis1. The structure-based mutagenesis data support the structural observations.