cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Arabidopsis homologue of bacterial RecA that complements an E. coli recA deletion is targeted to plant mitochondria

Homologous recombination results in the exchange and rearrangement of DNA, and thus generates genetic variation in living organisms. RecA is known to function in all bacteria as the central enzyme catalyzing strand transfer and has functional homologues in eukaryotes. Most of our knowledge of homologous recombination in eukaryotes is limited to processes in the nucleus. The mitochondrial genomes of higher plants contain repeated sequences that are known to undergo frequent rearrangements and recombination events. However, very little is known about the proteins involved or the biochemical mechanisms of DNA recombination in plant mitochondria. We provide here the first report of an Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of Escherichia coli RecA that is targeted to mitochondria. The mtrecA gene has a putative mitochondrial presequence identified from the A. thaliana genome database. This nuclear gene encodes a predicted product that shows highest sequence homology to chloroplast RecA and RecA proteins from proteobacteria. When fused to the GFP coding sequence, the predicted presequence was able to target the fusion protein to isolated mitochondria but not to chloroplasts. The mitochondrion-specific localization of the mtrecA gene product was confirmed by Western analysis using polyclonal antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide from a unique region of the mature mtRecA. The Arabidopsis mtrecA gene partially complemented a recA deletion in E. coli, enhancing survival after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. These results suggest a possible role for mtrecA in homologous recombination and/or repair in Arabidopsis mitochondria.
NUVABAT: Northeastern university virtual ankle and balance trainer

The ability to control the ankle muscles and produce adequate range of motion in the ankle joints are key components of gait and balance function. Patients who suffer from neurological impairments, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, frequently lose gait and balance function due in part to loss of ankle control. Described in this paper is a unique two degree of freedom (DOF) mechatronic device with a virtual reality interface that has been developed to meet the needs of such patients for ankle and balance rehabilitation. The Northeastern University Virtual Ankle and Balance Trainer (NUVABAT) rehabilitation system has five components: i) a patient-actuated device; ii) control software; iii) a practitioner graphical interface; iv) virtual reality software; and v) training software. The system can be used for measurement of ankle kinematics and balance function as well as for retraining motor control of the ankle, and can be used in either a sitting or standing position to accommodate early and late phases of rehabilitation training. We report here the details of the various design features and initial testing of the device.
Subcube fault-tolerance in hypercubes

Abstract We consider the problem of determining the minimum number of faulty processors, K ( n , m ), and of faulty links, λ( n , m ), in an n -dimensional hypercube computer so that every m -dimensional subcube is faulty. Best known lower bounds for K ( n , m ) and λ( n , m ) are proved, several new recursive inequalities and new upper bounds are established, their asymptotic behavior for fixed m and for fixed n − m is analyzed, and their exact values are determined for small n and m . Most of the methods employed show how to construct sets of faults attaining the bounds. An extensive survey of related work is also included, showing connections to resource allocation, k -independent sets, and exhaustive testing.
Dynamic Emergency Response Management for Large Scale Decision Making in Extreme Hazardous Events

This chapter begins by discussing the nature of large groups and ­subgroups of crisis experts who are involved in the decision-making process ­during a disaster. This is followed by an examination of how to best support these efforts. Subsequently, we describe design problems inherent in emergency decision ­support systems, the genesis of such issues, and how to overcome them. In ­particular, this chapter describes the impact of the threat rigidity syndrome and information ­overload and how to mitigate their effects. We describe current research efforts to promote effective decision making. Characteristics of High Reliability Organisations (HROs) enable their effective response by utilising a set of practices to manage low probability/high consequence events, focusing on the best feasible solutions using the concept of “muddling through” (Weick and Sutcliffe 2001, 2007; Lindbolm 1959). Finally, we provide concluding observations in which we reiterate some of the most critical tactics needed to promote effective decision making by large groups responding to and recovering from a disaster or catastrophic event.
Seismic Behavior of Structural Subassemblages

The behavior of both structural steel and reinforced concrete specimens subjected to quasi-static cyclic loadings simulating severe seismic effects are examined. A large number of experimentally determined hysteretic loops for different structural arrangements based on the work mainly done at the University of California, Berkeley, serve as illustrations. The important distinction among the material, the member and the subassemblage ductilities is emphasized. The significance of the different character of the hysteretic behavior on the overall seismic structural performance is discussed by relating it to the widely-used response spectrum approach for seismic analysis. The relationship of the latter approach to the conventional code design procedures is also given.
Percolation, tie-molecules, and microstructural origins of charge transport in semicrystalline conjugated polymers (Presentation Recording)

Semiconducting polymers play an important role in a wide range of optical and electronic material applications. Polymer thin films that result in the highest performance typically have a complex semicrystalline morphology, indicating that considerable device improvement can be achieved through optimization of microstructural properties. However, the connection between molecular ordering and device performance is difficult to predict due to the current need for a mathematical theory of the physics that dictates charge transport in semiconducting polymers. It is experimentally suggested that efficient transport in such films occurs via connected networks of crystallites. We present an analytical and computational description of semicrystalline conjugated polymer materials that captures the impact of polymer conformation on charge transport in heterogeneous thin films. We first develop an analytical theory for the statistical behavior of a polymer emanating from a crystallite and predict the average distance to the first kink in the chain that traps a charge. We use this analysis to define the conditions for percolation and the consequent efficient transport through a semicrystalline material. We then establish a charge transport model using Monte Carlo simulations that predicts the multi-scale charge transport and crystallite connections. We approximate the thin film as a two-dimensional grid of crystallites embedded in amorphous polymer. The chain conformations in the amorphous region are determined by the wormlike chain model, and the crystallites are assigned fixed mobilities. We use this model to identify limits of charge transport at various time scales for varying fraction of crystallinity.
The Nonlinearity of a Quantum Gravity Derivation

Recently we have described the diffusion equations associated with a 4D metric with non-constant metric coefficients corresponding to curvature (possibly singular) of spacetime. We also have discussed how with utilization of certain nonlinear transformations, simple forms result that can be analytically continued to the complex plane corresponding to quantum mechanics. In this letter we revisit the derived results, and build on our previous observation that the 5D equations of diffusion -like PDEs which we analytically continue and thereby recast as quantum mechanical can be simplified to directly 4D diffusion -like PDE equations which are amenable to the similar 3D+1 analytical continuation of regular 'low energy' Schroedinger quantum mechanics as formulated by Green's functions. We conclude by summarizing our current results and how they relate to our previous derivations and results.
Determination of Acquisition Time and Wheel Control for Spacecraft Using a Momentum Transfer Technique

The momentum wheel spin-up in spacecraft with partially-filled liquid propellant tanks undergoing a reorientation maneuver results in undesired nutation around the final spin axis. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the spacecraft nutation to several design parameters, including momentum wheel spin-up rate, fuel viscosity, and tank location. The goal of the study is to aid in spacecraft design that presents acceptable trade-off between residual angular velocity and acceptable acquisition time. The methods employed include optimization of propellant tank placement to minimize post-maneuver spacecraft nutation while achieving fast acquisition times. The control is achieved through appropriate momentum wheel spin-up strategy that avoids excessive excitation of the system for a given spacecraft configuration. Results from numerical simulations are compared to selected results obtained with an analytical method and show excellent agreement.
TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH ORGANO-CHALCOGEN LIGANDS. I. SYNTHESIS OF DITHIOCROCONATE DIANION

Abstract A new sulfur containing oxocarbon derivative, the dipotassium salt of 1,2-dimercapto-3,4,5-cyclopentenetrione (potassium dithiocroconate) has been synthesized by reaction of dimethyl croconate with alcoholic potassium hydrogen sulfide. Solutions containing the dianion of this salt react to form intensely colored complexes of varying hues with several transition metal ions. Spectral and esr measurements on Ni(II) and Cu(II) indicate complexes with 2:1 ligand/metal ratio having dithiolene properties are formed in solution. Visible-uv and infrared studies suggest dithiocroconate dianion has less resonance stabilization than croconate dianion.
Etiological survey of acute gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus

Objective To investigate the main pathogens of acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Tianjin. Methods Stool and well water samples were collected to detect viruses by real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Viruses detection included rotavirus(A, B, C group), Norovirus(GⅠ, GⅡ), sapovirus, adenoviruses and astrovirus. The enteropathogenic becteria were detected in feces at the same time. Sequence analysis was conducted on the positive samples. Results A total of 33 feces specimens were collected from acute gastroenteritis cases. Norovirus GⅠ was present in 15.2 %, GⅡ in 36.4 %, both GⅠ and GⅡwere present in 9.1%. The sequences of the viruses detected from the stool samples of the patients belonged to the norovirus G Ⅰand GⅡ.One strain of GⅠ belonged to GⅠ/14. Among four strains of GⅡ,two belonged to GⅡ/8, one belonged to GⅡ/6, one belonged to GⅡ/2. No rotavirus(A, B, C group), sapovirus, adenoviruses, astrovirus and enteropathogenic becteria were detected. Three well water samples were acute gastroenteritis viruses-negtive. Conclusion This gastroenteritis outbreak was caused by norovirus GⅠ and GⅡ.
Surveillance on schistosomiasis of boat fishermen along Yangtze River in Nantong City from 2006 to 2010

OBJECTIVE To discover the imported infection sources of schistosomiasis as early as possible. METHODS Boat fishermen were screened with DDIA and the positive ones were tested by the hatching method or Kato-Katz technique. RESULTS From 2006 to 2010, 2 951 boat fishermen along the Yangtze River in Nantong City were tested with DDIA for schistosomiasis and 17 positive cases were found, while 1 case was positive in the feces examination. The person was confirmed as acute schistosomiasis by both clinical laboratory and epidemiology survey, and the patient was cured after the treatment in hospital. CONCLUSION The surveillance on schistosomiasis of boat fishermen along the Yangtze River could consolidate the achievement of schistosomiasis control in transmission interrupted area.
A SIMPLE VIEWING GEOMETRY

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a simple viewing geometry. Sometimes, it is handy to be able to set up a simple viewing geometry; for example, packages without matrix libraries, quick preview hacks, and simple ray tracers all can benefit from a simple viewing construction. This chapter describes one such simple viewing geometry. The input is a viewpoint E , a gaze direction and distance G , an up vector U , and viewing half-angles θ; and φ. The output is a screen midpoint M and two vectors, H and V , which are used to sweep the screen. The chapter illustrates the setup for this viewing geometry. If the origin is assumed in the lower left, then any point S on the screen may be specified by ( sx , sy ), both numbers between 0 and 1.
Commentary to "Robotic versus open pediatric ureteral reimplantation: Costs and complications from a nationwide sample journal of pediatric urology".

Kurtz et al. [1] present a cautionary report comparing outcomes and costs associated with robot-assisted ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) after examining data contained within the Premier administrative database. The authors’ analysis demonstrates that RALUR is associated with a higher rate of complications and higher direct costs, compared to open ureteral reimplantation (OUR). Any study entirely predicated on a selfreported database with a geographic propensitydthe Premier database consists heavily of southern US small and mid-size hospitalsdcontains inherent bias, and they are manifest in this study. Still, in offering significant, though mostly intuitive, information related to cost and complications, this study reconfirms that RALUR is still a novel therapeutic modality, only recently being implemented at most institutions. As Kurtz et al. [1] report, 51% of the entire RALUR cohort analyzed for this study was accrued in the penultimate and final year of the study (2012e2013). And since the overall number of RALUR patients is very small (only 2.5% of the entire study population underwent RALUR), a comprehensive analysis is precluded. For example, although any new highly technical surgical procedure is associated with a steep learning curve, the small RALUR cohort precludes a power analysis of annual data trends to determine if increasing experience improves outcomes. The present analysis also cannot quantify the potential gains that are known to favor RALUR such as reduced
FINFET technology featuring high mobility SiGe channel for 10nm and beyond

SiGe for channel material has been explored as a major technology element after the introduction of FINFET into CMOS technology [1–4]. Research on long channel FETs and discrete short channel FETs demonstrated benefits in mobility [1–4] and reliability [2]. Given the disruption that SiGe FIN brings, every aspect associated with SiGe FIN needs to be carefully studied towards technology insertion. In this paper, we report the latest SiGe-based FINFET CMOS technology development. CMOS FINFETs with Si-FIN nFET and SiGe-FIN pFET is demonstrated as a viable technology solution for both server and mobile applications at 10nm node and beyond.
Visual Attention's Influence on Consumers’ Willingness-to-Pay for Processed Food Products

The primary objective of our study was to investigate the impact of extrinsic cues (specifically production method, origin, and nutrient content claim labels) on consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for processed foods (apple juice and salad mix). Data were collected using an experimental auction in combination with eye-tracking analysis. Tobit models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants were willing to pay a premium for local or domestically produced apple juice. Organic production methods positively impacted participants’ WTP for both products. Additionally, results suggest that consumer visual attention increases for important product attributes that positively or negatively impact their WTP bids. Supply chain members (producers, processors, and retailers) can promote important product attributes using labels and in-store promotions to give consumers additional information and influence their food selection preferences. In turn, these promotions may help supply chain members acquire additional customers and encourage healthy consumption patterns. [EconLit citations: D120, M310]
Thiamin biofortification of crops

Thiamin is essential for human health. While plants are the ultimate source of thiamin in most human diets, staple foods like white rice have low thiamin content. Therefore, populations whose diets are mainly based on low-thiamin staple crops suffer from thiamin deficiency. Biofortification of rice grain by engineering the thiamin biosynthesis pathway has recently been attempted, with up to 5-fold increase in thiamin content in unpolished seeds. However, polished seeds that retain only the starchy endosperm had similar thiamin content than that of non-engineered plants. Various factors such as limited supply of precursors, limited activity of thiamin biosynthetic enzymes, dependence on maternal tissues to supply thiamin, or lack of thiamin stabilizing proteins may have hindered thiamin increase in the endosperm.
Basic Architecture of Soil Nesting Wasps and Bees

This chapter deals with the traces produced by extant wasps and bees, particularly those whose trace fossils are common in paleosols. A brief glimpse of solitary Hymenoptera, its behavior and traces is provided to later focus mostly on wasp cocoons and bee cells. A series involving stages of increasing behavioral and architectural complexity is summarized in a table and utilized to describe behavior and traces of wasps and bees. Macro and micromorphology of wasp cocoons is revised and illustrated. Subaerial nests, particularly mud nests, are briefly described. Types of bee nests, cells, and cell clusters, particularly in soils are reviewed. Different parts of nests and cells, such as mounds, chimneys, principal and lateral tunnels, unicellular and multicellular nests, sessile, radial, bilateral cells, lining and building materials, spiral closures, and cocoons are described and illustrated. A blueprint-style plate concentrates all the significant traces produced by wasps and bees. Color plates on producers and their traces are provided. Different digging and building behaviors are explained.
Communities of Computing: Computer Science and Society in the ACM

“Communities of Computing” is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. “Defining the Discipline” examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. “Broadening the Profession” looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues-and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world. Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. “Expanding Research Frontiers” profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext. Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGs, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.
Marijuana use and inpatient outcomes among hospitalized patients: analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample database

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between marijuana use and health outcomes among hospitalized patients, including those hospitalized with a diagnosis of cancer. A total of 387,608 current marijuana users were identified based on ICD-9 codes for marijuana use among hospitalized patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database between 2007 and 2011. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between marijuana use and heart failure, cardiac disease, stroke, and in-hospital mortality. All models were adjusted for age, gender, race, residential income, insurance, residential region, pain, and number of comorbidities. Among hospitalized patients, marijuana use was associated with a 60% increased odds of stroke (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.44–1.77) compared with non-users, but significantly reduced odds of heart failure (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82), cardiac disease (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91), or in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.38–0.44). Among cancer patients, odds of in-hospital mortality was significantly reduced among marijuana users compared with non-users (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.35–0.55). Hospitalized marijuana users were more likely to experience a stroke compared with non-users, but less likely to experience in-hospital mortality. Prospective studies will be needed to better characterize the health effects of marijuana use, especially among older, sicker, and/or hospitalized patients. In the meantime, conversations regarding marijuana use/misuse may be warranted in the clinical setting in order for patients and healthcare providers to adequately weigh the anticipated benefits of marijuana use with potentially significant health risks.
Patterned Films in Micro-devices

In this chapter attention is directed to patterned thin-film structures, where the film material exists as individual lines of various cross-section geometries. Contrary to the case of continuous films in Chap. 3, the deformation field in the line structure is dominated by the edge effect. In addition, the film segment may be entirely surrounded by one or more different materials so a severely confined condition is in place. The most representative example is the metal interconnects in modern integrated circuits. The interconnect structure is composed of several layers of Cu or Al lines embedded within the dielectric material (traditionally silica glass based, SiOx) on top of the Si substrates. They serve as the connection between the functional elements (transistors) and between the transistors and the outside packaging structure. A schematic illustrating a two-level interconnect structure is shown in Fig. 4.1 (see also Fig. 1.4).
PDZ domain-dependent regulation of NHE3 protein by both internal Class II and C-terminal Class i PDZ-binding motifs

NHE3 directly binds Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family scaffolding proteins that are required for many aspects of NHE3 regulation. The NHERFs bind both to an internal region (amino acids 586-660) of the NHE3 C terminus and to the NHE3 C-terminal four amino acids. The internal NHERF-binding region contains both putative Class I (-592SAV-) and Class II (-595CLDM-) PDZ-binding motifs (PBMs). Point mutagenesis showed that only the Class II motif contributes to NHERF binding. In this study, the roles in regulation of NHE3 activity of these two PBMs were investigated, revealing the following findings. 1) Interaction occurred between these binding sites because mutation of either removed nearly all NHERF binding. 2) Mutations in either significantly reduced basal NHE3 activity. Total and percent plasma membrane (PM) NHE3 protein expression was reduced in the C-terminal but not in the internal PBD mutation. 3) cGMP- and Ca2+-mediated inhibition of NHE3 was impaired in both the internal and the C-terminal PBM mutations. 4) There was a significant reduction in half-life of the PM pool of NHE3 in only the internal PBM mutation but no change in total NHE3 half-life in either. 5) There were some differences in NHE3-associating proteins in the two PBM mutations. In conclusion, NHE3 binds to NHERF proteins via both an internal Class II PBM and C-terminal Class I PBM, which interact. The former determines NHE3 stability in the PM, and the latter determines total expression and percent PM expression.
How supernovae launch galactic winds

We use idealized three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of global galactic discs to study the launching of galactic winds by supernovae (SNe). The simulations resolve the cooling radii of the majority of supernova remnants (SNRs) and thus self-consistently capture how SNe drive galactic winds. We find that SNe launch highly supersonic winds with properties that agree reasonably well with expectations from analytic models. The energy loading ($\eta_E = \dot{E}_{\rm wind} / \dot{E}_{\rm SN}$) of the winds in our simulations are well converged with spatial resolution while the wind mass loading ($\eta_M = \dot{M}_{\rm wind} / \dot{M}_\star$) decreases with resolution at the resolutions we achieve. We present a simple analytic model based on the concept that SNRs with cooling radii greater than the local scale height breakout of the disc and power the wind. This model successfully explains the dependence (or lack thereof) of $\eta_E$ (and by extension $\eta_M$) on the gas surface density, star formation efficiency, disc radius, and the clustering of SNe. The winds in the majority of our simulations are weaker than expected in reality, likely due to the fact that we seed SNe preferentially at density peaks. Clustering SNe in time and space substantially increases the wind power.
Identification of Indole Diterpenes in Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri, Plants Tremorgenic to Livestock

Ipomoea asarifolia has been associated with a tremorgenic syndrome in livestock in Brazil and was recently reported to contain tremorgenic indole diterpenes. Ipomoea muelleri has been reported to cause a similar tremorgenic syndrome in livestock in Australia. Ipomoea asarifolia and I. muelleri were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectometry (HPLC–HRMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) for indole diterpene composition. The high-resolution mass spectrometric data in combination with MS/MS fragmentation mass spectral data provided valuable information for indole diterpene characterization. The previous report of indole diterpenes in I. asarifolia was confirmed and expanded; and the presence of indole diterpenes in I. muelleri is reported for the first time. Two new indole diterpenes were isolated and their structures determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and given the names 11-hydroxy-12,13-epoxyterpendole K and 6...
Passive smoking as an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes that synergizes with prepregnancy obesity in urban Chinese women

There are high-priority public health and legislative efforts around the world to reduce smoking and to reduce the spaces where smoking is allowable. These efforts are aimed at minimizing not only the adverse health effects of active smoking but also the adverse health effects of passive cigarette smoke exposure. While many cultures and societies make protection of a pregnant woman and her about-to-be-born-newborn a priority, the importance of protecting them from passive smoking that is prevalent in many modern societies has not been reported. The article by Leng et al, "Passive smoking increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus independently and synergistically with prepregnancy obesity in Tianjin, China," newly published in Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews, provides evidence that passive smoke inhalation during pregnancy makes gestational diabetes more likely, bringing with it negative health consequences for the mother and her baby. This study will hopefully add support to public health officials' efforts to curb cigarette use, especially in public domains.
Further Explorations of a Minimal Polychronous Memory

The study of temporal spiking dynamics in biologically inspired neural networks (polychronous groups discovered by Izhikevich(2)) exhibits complex dynamics that makes it difficult to study. A minimal model of polychronous groups in neural networks was proposed by Maier and Miller (7) who discovered that a very minimal neural network model, without the synaptic weights was sufficient to produce PCGs. In this paper we expand on their study and propose ways to condition the network to produce sets of PCGs that are more unique; hence theoretically more descriptive of an input signal.
Exploiting source redundancy to improve the rate of polar codes

We consider a joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) problem where the source encoder leaves residual redundancy in the source. We first model the redundancy in the source encoder output as the output of a side information channel at the channel decoder, and show that this improves random error exponent. Then, we consider the use of polar codes in this framework when the source redundancy is modeled using a sequence of t-erasure correcting block codes. For this model, the rate of polar codes can be improved by unfreezing some of originally frozen bits and that the improvement in rate depends on the distribution of frozen bits within a codeword. We present a proof for the convergence of that distribution, as well as the convergence of the maximum rate improvement. The significant performance improvement and improved rate provide strong evidences that polar code is a good candidate to exploit the benefit of source redundancy in the JSCD scheme.
The Role of Oncogene Activation in Tumor Progression

Normal cells become tumorigenic after multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. This process alters complex signaling networks within these cells as well as interactions between these cells and the extracellular matrix. Proto-oncogene products tightly regulate these signaling networks. In this chapter, the signaling pathways through growth factor receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met are discussed. Expression and activation of these receptors are frequently altered in human cancers by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Activation of these growth factor receptors triggers a cascade of signaling events that contribute to malignant transformation. Many of the signaling intermediates are themselves proto-oncogenes that can be activated by growth factor receptor-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Three of these proto-oncogene products, Ras, Src, and Myc are discussed in relationship to their contributions to malignant transformation.
Class meeting frequency, start times, and academic performance

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the start time and meeting frequency of college courses and the academic performance of students. Using administrative data from a large public university, we account for both student and instructor fixed effects. Consistent with a large literature, we find a positive time of day effect. That is, students earn higher grades in classes that start later. However, contrary to previous literature, we find students earn higher grades in classes with fewer meeting times when not accounting for instructor fixed effects. This effect is entirely explained by instructor sorting on course schedules. Instructors that assign higher grades, either due to quality of instruction or grade leniency, are more likely to meet twice a week rather than three times a week. Including instructor fixed effects, we find no difference in two-day a week classes and three-day a week classes. However, grades are lower in classes that meet just once a week.
25 – Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with different aspects related to Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It has become an accepted therapeutic modality for a wide variety of diseases and is increasingly utilized for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Preparation for HSCT involves delivery of high dose chemotherapy with or without radiation to ablate normal hematopoiesis and provide sufficient immunosuppression to allow donor cell engraftment. Hematopoietic growth factor support offers the potential to maximize the dose response effort of high dose therapy. The most common form of stem cell transplantation to treat leukemia is allergenic, using a human leukocyte antigen. Solid tumors are treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with concomitant use of hematopoietic growth factors. This chapter also reviews the sources and indications for allogenic and autologous HSCT, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Post stem cell transplantation, patients do not require any chemotherapy with the exception of certain patients with lymphoma.
Whose Public, Whose Authority? Reflections on the moral force of violence

In this Afterword I argue that public authority in South Asia is produced in a dynamic interplay between ever-more segmented publics and the ubiquity of highly performative violence. Drawing on Indian examples, I suggest that the success of vernacular publics in producing a sense of cultural intimacy within language communities in turn has prompted a new segmentation of publics. This has occurred along lines of caste and community, defined by social experience and symbols, rather than language as such. The concomitant routinization of violence in public life—whether as physical destruction of public property, attacks on other communities, or as symbolic elevations of victims of violence to the status of martyrs—indicate that today valorization and experiences of violence, however incommensurable, have emerged as a universal medium, or general equivalent, in public and political life in India.
The Victim Is the Perpetrator

T he sexual and abuse-related aspects of violence are most honestly and vividly revealed by murderers and rapists who are cognitively disabled. Altemus was a forty-year-old man who sweetly greeted any visitor or staff person at the door of his secure residential facility. His kindness lasted beyond an initial greeting; he would gladly provide a tour for any visitor. Over time, his politeness could wear on the frequent visitor or employee of the facility because it felt ingenuine. He had the bearing of an inelegant politician, clumsily trying too hard at social graces. He had too wide a smile, too diplomatic a stance.
The Human Possession and Transfer of Information

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how to deal with the information onslaught in the modern times. Humans require strategies to cope with more information than they can handle. Intelligence is needed for dealing with excess and for dealing with scarcity. One strategy for dealing with this excess is to add more to what is already there. This is done by various scientific enterprises: by medicine, demography, space research, and the like. A second strategy is to turn toward the information itself, right in its process of expansion, and to attempt to classify, control, and make readily available what is there. This is done by information theory, by some forms of cognitive psychology, by computer programming, and the like. The identity of a piece of information must be positioned not only against the material, the sounds and shapes, in which it is embodied, but also against the activities of those for whom it is information.
David Schmidtz, "The Elements of Justice"

The Elements of Justice by David Schmidtz is reviewed. What Schmidtz offers are the pieces, the elements, that comprise the neighborhood of justice. There are separate analyses, explorations, and investigations which may or may not add up to a unified theory. That may seem unsatisfying, but Schmidtz very attractively makes a virtue of it. The root idea is that a theory is a map of some terrain. Some maps are better than others, and even for the same terrain, the best map for one persons purposes may not be so useful for another's. The book is filled with surprising claims, fresh analyses, new perspectives and interesting arguments.
Terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber with continuously tunable air spacer layer

We present a comprehensive investigation of a continuously tunable metamaterial perfect absorber operating at terahertz frequencies. In particular, we investigate a three-layer absorber structure consisting of a layer of split ring resonators and a metallic ground plane, with a central layer consisting of a mechanically tunable air-spaced layer. The absorber was characterized using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in reflection (at normal incidence) as a function of spacer thickness from 0 to 1000 μm. Our experimental measurements reveal the detailed evolution of the absorption bands as a function of spacing, in excellent agreement with analysis using interference theory and simulation. Our Fabry-Perot-like structure provides an avenue for achieving massive tunability in metamaterial absorber devices.
Mixing of Tee Diffusers in Shallow Water with Crossflow: A New Look

AbstractThis paper analyzes the mixing of a tee diffuser discharging in shallow water with currents. Experiments are conducted for tee diffusers with different designs discharging in a crossflow. M...
The Hybrid Coplanar Transmission Line Design and Simulation for an Ultra Small Solid State Drive with Massive Storage Capacity Used in Mobile Device

This paper analyzes the electrical design alternative for the challenges of the system in package (SIP). Due to the physical limitation of the size to meet the industrial requirements, the substrate of SiP is limited with layer count and limited space between signal traces. The transmission need to use the unconnected power nets as its reference planes and make it function as ground planes for transmission line signal integrity to reduce the layer count. This idea is realized by using electrical power nets being coupled to ground filling between traces in the routing layer and having connections between ground fillings along the transmission line routing direction as a closed ground return path. Since these connected ground fillings along the traces looks like coplanar transmission line, we call these type of transmission line as hybrid coplanar transmission line. The signal propagation on the hybrid coplanar transmission line is simulated and correlated with electrical measurements in the lab. By using the hybrid coplanar transmission line, we can reduce the layer count for reducing the substrate thickness and maintain the signal integrity performance for the high-speed signal propagating performance in high-density Solid State Drive (SSD) that is manufactured by Intel.
Local times for continuous paths of arbitrary regularity.

We study a continuous pathwise local time of order p for continuous functions with finite p-th variation along a sequence of time partitions, for even integers p >= 2. With this notion, we establish a Tanaka-type change of variable formula, as well as Tanaka-Meyer formulae. We also derive some identities involving this high-order pathwise local time, each of which generalizes a corresponding identity from semimartingale theory. We then use collision local times between multiple functions of arbitrary regularity, to study the dynamics of ranked continuous functions of arbitrary regularity. We present also another definition of pathwise local time which is more natural for fractional Brownian Motions, and give a connection with the previous notion of local time.
Interferon γ Downregulates Stem Cell Factor and Erythropoietin Receptors But Not Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors in Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Cells

Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) has been shown to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and to produce apoptosis of erythroid cells, whereas stem cell factor (SCF), erythropoietin (EP), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have distinct roles in enhancing erythroid cell production and preventing apoptosis. The mechanism by which IFNgamma exerts an inhibitory effect on the positive roles of these growth factors is unknown. Although some inhibitory cytokines including IFNgamma have been shown to downregulate growth factor receptors, the effect of IFNgamma on SCF, EP, and IGF-I receptors of human erythroid progenitor cells has not been defined. We obtained highly purified day-5 or day-6 erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from human blood in sufficient quantity and purity for radiolabeled cytokine binding studies and analysis of mRNA. When day-5 ECFCs were incubated with increasing concentrations of recombinant human (rh) IFNgamma for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, specific binding of 125I-rhSCF to SCF receptors was significantly decreased by 25% to 40% in a dose-dependent fashion, with the maximum effect at 2,500 to 5,000 U/mL of IFNgamma. The decrease was apparent by 12 hours of incubation and was only slightly lower by 24 hours. The numbers of SCF and EP receptors, but not of IGF-I receptors, per ECFC, calculated by Scatchard analysis, were significantly decreased by 30% and 23% to 25%, respectively, after incubation with 2,500 U/mL rhIFNgamma for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, whereas the binding affinities were not affected. This decrease in SCF receptors was confirmed by flow cytometry using an anti-c-kit mouse monoclonal antibody. Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNAs for the SCF and EP receptors, but not for the IGF-I receptors, were decreased by 50% to 60% after 3 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C with 2,500 U/mL of rhIFNgamma. This persisted for 24 hours without alteration of the stability of the SCF and EP receptor mRNAs. These observations suggest that one means by which IFNgamma inhibits erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation and produces apoptosis may be through the reduction of the number of target receptors for SCF and EP and that this occurs through transcriptional inhibition of the corresponding mRNAs.
A Sub 1μW Switched Source + Capacitor Architecture Free of Top/Bottom Plate Parasitic Switching Loss Achieving Peak Efficiency of 80.66% at a Regulated 1.8V Output in 180nm

This paper presents a 25nW$-2.4 \mu \mathrm{W}$ switched-capacitor based energy harvester. The proposed harvester avoids charging and discharging of top and bottom plate parasitic capacitors by switching both the terminals of energy source as opposed to switching just one terminal. As a result, the energy lost in switching the top and bottom plate parasitic capacitors is zero joules, which helps to achieve highly efficient switched capacitor architecture for harvesting sub 1$\mu$W energy. The proposed harvester achieves and efficiency of 80% while delivering 1$\mu$W output and achieves a peak efficiency of 80.66% at $2.4\mu\mathrm{W}$ output. It occupies an area of 1.95mm2 in 180nm CMOS.
3D Keypoint Repeatability for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot SLAM

For robots with different types of sensors, loop closure in a multi-robot SLAM scenario requires keypoints that can be matched between sensor measurement point clouds with different properties such as point density and noise. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of several 3D keypoint detectors (Harris3D, ISS, KPQ, KPQ-SI, and NARF) for repeatability between scans from different sensors towards building a heterogeneous multi-robot SLAM system. We find that KPQ-SI and NARF have the best relative repeatability, with KPQ-SI finding more keypoints overall and a higher number of repeatable keypoints, at the cost of significantly worse computational performance. In scans of the same area from different poses, both detectors find enough keypoints for point cloud registration and loop closure. For heterogenous multirobot SLAM applications with computational or bandwidth restrictions, the NARF detector consistently finds repeatable keypoints while also allowing for real-time performance.
Case 3: Hypotonia in the Infant: When the Source Is Unknown.

1. Endya L. Frye, MD*,† 2. Angela Hartsell, MD, MPH*,† 3. Suresh Nagappan, MD, MSPH*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC 2. †Pediatric Teaching Program, Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC A previously healthy 2-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department with 3 days of decreased oral intake and 5 days of constipation. Before this illness, he had been drinking 28 to 32 oz of formula and having 1 to 2 soft stools daily. His mother reports that when the baby is offered a bottle he cries and does not want to eat. He has had constipation for which she gave him a glycerin suppository, resulting in passage of stool. Review of systems is negative for fever, congestion, cough, vomiting, or diarrhea. He has had no sick contacts. His medical history is significant for his being an appropriate-for–gestational age infant born via cesarean delivery at 38 4/7 weeks. He passed stool in the first 24 hours of life. Family history is noncontributory. On initial examination his weight is 5.7 kg, length is 62 cm, and head circumference is 42 cm. Vital signs include a temperature of 98°F (36.7°C) (rectal), a heart rate of 142 beats/min, a respiratory rate of 42 breaths/min, pulse oxygen saturation of 100%, and blood pressure of 83/50 mm Hg. He is slightly fussy but easily consolable. His head is normocephalic and his anterior fontanelle is soft, open, and flat. His heart has a regular rate and rhythm, and his lungs are clear. On neurologic examination he has a weak suck and central hypotonia, but 2+ reflexes throughout. The remainder of his examination findings are normal. The infant’s mother feels that the baby’s tone has been unchanged since birth and is primarily worried about his poor feeding. A comprehensive metabolic panel, complete …
Social Sustainability in Workplace: An Investigation of the Buyer-Supplier Relationship through Power and Psychologically Defensive Workplace Behavior

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the power of buyers and subsequent workplace behavior of suppliers in the global textile and apparel (T&A) supply chain. Two power bases, reward (RP) and coercive (CP), were investigated. Three major types of psychologically defensive workplace behavior (PDWB) i.e. perfectionistic (PF), arrogant-vindictive (AV), and narcissistic (NP) behavior were also discussed. An online survey was used to collect the data from the T&A companies in Bangladesh. The results showed that the perceived buyers’ RP and CP are associated with the respondents’ PF. The perceived buyers’ RP and CP are associated with the respondents’ AV. The perceived buyers’ RP is associated with the respondents’ NP, however, CP from the buyer is not associated with the respondents’ NP. The findings of this study shed lights into corporate social responsibility issues beyond the usual measurement of the codes of conduct and compliance issues.