cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of translocation of black bears involved in human–bear conflicts in South‐central Colorado

From 1995 to 1997, black bears (Ursus americanus) involved in conflicts with humans in southeastern Colorado, USA, were radiocollared, translocated, and monitored by the Colorado Division of Wildlife to evaluate translocation as a management tool for problem black bears. Specific objectives were to 1) determine postrelease movement patterns of relocated black bears, and 2) estimate cumulative incidence and survival functions. Subadults did not move as far after translocation as adults and less frequently oriented toward the capture site (29% of subad vs. 51% of ad). No subadults returned to the vicinity of capture, whereas 33% of adults did. We used a cause-specific hazards model with a constant age effect across the cause-specific hazards to estimate annual survival rate for translocated adult bears (0.50, 95% credible interval CI = 0.36–0.65) and for subadult bears (0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.48). The annual probability of dying due to repeat conflict behavior was slightly lower (0.22 [95% CI = 0.13–0.33] and 0.32 [95% CI = 0.19–0.47]) for adults and subadults, respectively, compared with nonconflict mortalities (0.28 [95% CI = 0.17–0.40] and 0.40 [95% CI = 0.25–0.56]). Based on bears that were not involved in known repeat human–bear conflicts, translocation success was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.49–0.78) and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.42–0.73) for adults and subadults, respectively. Translocation of problem bears had mixed success relative to repeat nuisance activity in Colorado, but should remain a viable management option. Managers should make decisions on the appropriateness of translocation based on the characteristics of the bear, identification of an adequate release site, potential effect of the translocation on the release-site bear population, and other available options. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels: Potential Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

Purpose Plasma levels of lysophospholipids were evaluated as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), where a highly reliable and minimally invasive blood test is lacking. Patients and Methods Patients with CRC (n 133) and control subjects (n 125) were recruited through the Cleveland Clinic. Preoperative plasma samples were analyzed for lysophospholipid levels using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in a blinded fashion. Participants were randomly divided in a 2:1 ratio into a “training set” (TS) and a “validation set” (VS). Logistic regression models were used in the TS to identify markers that best discriminated between CRC and controls. A cutoff point for the final discriminating model was developed using the receiver operating characteristic curve to achieve 95% specificity. All analyses were then independently validated in the VS. Results Plasma levels of several lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), including 18:1- and 18:2-LPC, were significantly decreased in CRC patients compared with controls (P .001). A model based on total saturated LPC and the difference between the proportional amounts of 18:2-LPC and 18:1-LPC in the unsaturated LPC fraction was derived from the TS. This model achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 93%, respectively, in the VS. Overall, 118 (94%) of 125 control subjects and 113 (85%) of 133 CRC cases were correctly identified, including eight (89%) of nine CRC cases with stage T1 disease.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES FOR PROPULSION SYSTEMS

A key issue in conceptual design and analysis of proposed propulsion systems is the role of the combustion mode in determining the overall e‐ciency of the system. Of particular recent interest are detonations and the e‐ciency of detonation-based propulsion systems as compared to more conventional systems based on low-speed ∞ames. Our goal is to understand, based on thermodynamics, the merits of detonative combustion relative to de∞agrative combustion characteristic of conventional ramjet and turbojet engines. After reviewing detonation thermodynamics, we analyze the merits of detonations for steady ∞ow systems and highlight the importance of the irreversible portion of the entropy rise in steady ∞ow analysis. The conventional analysis of steady combustion waves is reformulated to obtain solutions at a flxed stagnation enthalpy. The implications of this analysis are that detonations are less desirable than de∞agrations for a steady air-breathing combustion system since they entail a greater entropy rise at a given ∞ight condition. This leads us to consider the situation for unsteady, i.e., intermittent or pulsed, combustion systems which use various modes of operation. For unsteady detonation waves, we consider a notional cyclic process for a closed system (the Fickett-Jacobs cycle) in order to circumvent the di‐culties associated with analyzing a system with time-dependent and spatially inhomogeneous states. We use the thermodynamic principles for closed systems to compute the maximum amount of mechanical work produced by a cycle using an unsteady detonation process. This ideal mechanical work is used to compute a thermal e‐ciency for detonations. Although this e‐ciency cannot be precisely translated into propulsive e‐ciency, the results are useful in comparing detonations with other combustion modes. We flnd that the e‐ciency of cycles based on detonation and constant-volume combustion are very similar and superior to a constant-pressure combustion (Brayton) cycle when compared on the basis of pressure at the start of the combustion process.
Comparison of Piano Key and Rectangular Labyrinth Weir Hydraulics

AbstractThe piano key or PK weir represents a relatively new hydraulic structure in both research and practice. There is currently a limited understanding regarding the influence of the large number of PK weir geometric parameters on hydraulic performance. A specific PK weir design configuration, suggested to be highly efficient, has been presented in the literature. By using laboratory-scale physical models, the hydraulic efficiency of the recommended PK weir design was compared with that of a geometrically comparable rectangular labyrinth weir, with and without sloping floors (consistent with the PK weir geometry) installed in the inlet and outlet keys or cycles. In general, the test data showed that the PK weir was more efficient than the geometrically comparable rectangular labyrinth weir, a fact likely attributable to a reduction in entrance losses associated with the PK weir inlet key geometry.
Uncertainty aversion: a discussion of critical issues in health economics

Models deviating from classical expected utility are extensively studied in the modern decision literature, with a close interplay between mostly economists and psychologists. Risk and uncertainty attitudes are no longer modeled solely on the basis of sensitivity towards outcomes (utility), as they were in the classical model; a new dimension has been added: sensitivity towards chance and uncertainty, which is modeled on the basis of non-additive probabilities. Decisions are derived in a rank-dependent manner. An extensive study of this new dimension of risk attitude was started during the last decade, when the theoretical foundations by Quiggin [1] and Schmeidler [2] were combined with the empirical realism of prospect theory [3] leading to cumulative prospect theory [4].
An overview of the Intel Pentium processor

The Intel Pentium processor is the next generation high-performance processor, fully compatible with the i386/i486 CPUs. It is a Superscalar implementation of the x86 instruction set. The Pentium processor has 2-5*higher performance than the i486 CPU at the same frequency. Techniques used to achieve this level of performance are described. Attention is given to data integrity and functional redundancy, new compiler technology, and validation. >
Programming through pictorial transformations

Research into visualization and animation of programs has typically been approached from the viewpoint of how to automate, at least partially, the instrumentation of programs already written in conventional textual languages. PT (pictorial transformations) takes the approach that if instead of beginning with an existing program, one begins by first describing visual data representations and then visually manipulating them to develop program algorithms, then their animation is almost a side-effect of the development process. This approach simplifies the development of animated programs. The authors motivate the use of PT by way of an example application. >
Search for Stop Pair Production at the LHC using the CMS Detector

A search for pair production of top squark events in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV is performed in a sample with a single isolated electron or muon, jets, large missing transverse energy and large transverse mass. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment. No significant excess in data is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. In the context of supersymmetric models with pair production of top squarks decaying to either a top quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) or a bottom quark and a chargino that subsequently decays to a W boson and the LSP, the results probe top squarks with masses up to about 650 GeV for LSP masses up to about 250 GeV.
Surface Micromachined MEMS Accelerometers on Flexible Polyimide Substrate

Capacitive accelerometers were designed, fabricated and characterized on Si and flexible polyimide substrates with sensitivities ranging between 8.9-23 fF/g and 2.5-9.2 fF/g for z-axis and lateral axes, respectively. UV-LIGA process in conjunction with Ni electroplating was utilized to form the proof mass. Measured sensitivities on the flexible accelerometers were higher than the predictions of the simulations, ranging between 22-27 fF/g in the z axis and 12-18 fF/g in the lateral axes, respectively.
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor therapy for hematologic malignancies

Introduction: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression. Certain CDKs (e.g., CDK7, CDK9) also control cellular transcription. Consequently, CDKs represent attractive targets for anticancer drug development, as their aberrant expression is common in diverse malignancies, and CDK inhibition can trigger apoptosis. CDK inhibition may be particularly successful in hematologic malignancies, which are more sensitive to inhibition of cell cycling and apoptosis induction. Areas covered: A number of CDK inhibitors, ranging from pan-CDK inhibitors such as flavopiridol (alvocidib) to highly selective inhibitors of specific CDKs (e.g., CDK4/6), such as PD0332991, that are currently in various phases of development, are profiled in this review. Flavopiridol induces cell cycle arrest, and globally represses transcription via CDK9 inhibition. The latter may represent its major mechanism of action via down-regulation of multiple short-lived proteins. In early phase trials, flavopiridol has shown enco...
An investigation into distributed constraint-directed factory scheduling

An approach is presented to focus searches in a distributed system in individual agent search spaces so as to optimize decisions in the global space. The chosen domain is distributed-factory scheduling. Distributed decision-making in factory environments is important because factories are inherently distributed and because they need to effectively respond to change. The approach relies on a set of texture measures that quantify several characteristics of the space being searched. These texture measures play four important roles in a distributed search: (1) they focus the attention of an agent to globally critical decision points in its local search space, (2) they provide guidance in making a particular decision at a decision point, (3) they are good predictive measures of the impact of local decisions on system goals, and (4) they are used to model beliefs and intentions of other agents. The development of the texture measures is the result of extensive experimentation in a single-agent setting. The implementation of a distributed testbed is described. Experiments involving multiple agents are currently being performed. >
Alcohol expectancies and evaluations of aggression in alcohol-related intimate-partner verbal and physical aggression.

Objective:Alcohol aggression expectancies have been found to be associated with increases in aggressive behavior. However, research has not consistently examined evaluations of such behavior. This is unfortunate as both expectancies and evaluations may play a role in whether such behavior will occur. Given this, the current study cross-sectionally examined the associations between alcohol aggression expectancies, evaluations of alcohol-related aggression, indicators of excessive drinking, and alcohol-related verbal and physical aggression.Method:The sample consisted of 280 married and cohabiting couples. These couples reported on excessive drinking indicators, alcohol expectancies and evaluations, and alcohol-related verbal and physical aggression during the past year.Results:Findings showed that verbal aggression was positively associated with indicators of excessive drinking among females and with alcohol aggression expectancies for females who evaluated such aggression positively. For males, aggression...
N-(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aryloxytrifluoromethylsulfoximines [ArO−SO(CF3)NTf] and N-Aryltriflimides Ar−N(Tf)2 by Thermal and Photolytic Dediazoniation of [ArN2][BF4] in [BMIM][Tf2N] Ionic Liquid: Exploiting the Ambident Nucleophilic Character of a “Nonnucleophilic” Anion

Arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts undergo metathesis on immobilization in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)amide [BMIM][Tf2N]. The “noncoordinating”, “nonnucleophilic” [Tf2N] anion acts as an ambident nucleophile toward the aryl cations, formed via thermal dediazoniation, to give predominantly the oxy anion quenching products [ArO−SO(CF3)NTf], with minimal formation of ArN(Tf)2, irrespective of the nature of the substituent(s) on the ArN2+. Strong preference for the formation of oxygen trapping products did not change under photolytic conditions, where dediazoniation occurs at room temperature. A minimal amount of the Schiemann product ArF is also formed in both thermal and photolytic dediazoniation, depending on the substituent(s). Progress of dediazoniation in the IL (both thermal and photolytic) and the evolution of the products were directly monitored by 1H and 19F NMR. According to DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations, PhN(Tf)2 is more stable than PhO−SO(CF3)NTf ...
A fundamental study on the [(μ-Cl)3Mg2(THF)6]+ dimer electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries

The long sought solvated [MgCl]+ species in the Mg-dimer electrolytes was characterized by soft mass spectrometry. The presented study provides an insightful understanding on the electrolyte chemistry of rechargeable Mg batteries.
Model organisms lead the way to protein palmitoyltransferases

The acylation of proteins with palmitate and related fatty acids has been known for over 30 years, but the molecular machinery that carries out palmitoylation has only recently emerged from studies in the model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila. Two classes of protein acyltransferases (PATs) have been proposed. In yeast, members of a family of integral membrane proteins harboring a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) containing a conserved DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) motif are PATs for cytoplasmic signaling molecules. The DHHC-CRD protein Erf2p, together with an associated subunit Erf4p, palmitoylates yeast Ras proteins, and Akr1p catalyzes the palmitoylation of the yeast casein kinase Yck2p. The existence of a second class of PATs that modify secreted signaling proteins has been suggested from work in Drosophila. Rasp is required in vivo for the production of functional Hedgehog and shares sequence identity with membrane-bound O-acyltransferases, which suggests that it catalyzes the palmitoylation of Hedgehog. With the identification of PATs in model genetic organisms, the field is now poised to uncover their mammalian counterparts and to understand the enzymology of protein palmitoylation.
Connecting Physical Education to Out-of-school Physical Activity through Sport Education

One of the goals of physical education, according to The Society of Health and Physical Educators, is for children to establish “patterns of regular participation in meaningful physical activity.” However, participation alone in physical education classes is not enough for students to reach daily recommended levels of physical activity. This article provides a descriptive account of an attempt to connect what students experience in physical education to their outside-of-school participation in physical activity through the sport pedagogical education model. A class of 50 fifth-grade students participated in the 20-session soccer Sport Education Police Athletic Leagues program (Sport Ed PAL). A physical education teacher, community volunteers and police officers facilitated the delivery of the program in the high juvenile crime area. The Sport Ed PAL program weekly sessions included: (1) a session conducted during physical education class in school, and (2) a session conducted after school at the local par...
Evolving many-objective water management to exploit exascale computing

This study contributes one of the largest parallel scalability experiments ever attempted within the water resources literature to date, encompassing 2000 years of computational time. A severely challenging multiobjective benchmark problem focusing on urban water portfolio planning under uncertainty in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is used to demonstrate that a multimaster variant of the Borg multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) can be used efficiently on more than 524,288 compute cores. The scalability of the multimaster Borg MOEA enables users to compress up to 20 years of computational work into 20 min of actual wall-clock time. Beyond these temporal efficiency gains, metric-based statistical assessments of solution quality show that the multimaster Borg MOEA dramatically enhances the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm's autoadaptive search features. Theoretical algorithmic analysis shows that the multimaster Borg MOEA could maintain high levels of parallel scalability on future exascale computing platforms (i.e., millions of compute cores). These results mark a fundamental expansion of the scope, computational demands, and difficulties that can be addressed in multiobjective water resources applications.
Krüppel-like factor 2 regulated gene expression in mouse embryonic yolk sac erythroid cells.

Abstract KLF2 is a Kruppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor required for blood vessel, lung, T-cell and erythroid development. KLF2−/− mice die by embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), due to hemorrhaging and heart failure. In KLF2−/− embryos, β-like globin gene expression is reduced, and E10.5 erythroid cells exhibit abnormal morphology. In this study, other genes regulated by KLF2 were identified by comparing E9.5 KLF2−/− and wild-type (WT) yolk sac erythroid precursor cells, using laser capture microdissection and microarray assays. One hundred and ninety-six genes exhibited significant differences in expression between KLF2−/− and WT; eighty-nine of these are downregulated in KLF2−/−. Genes involved in cell migration, differentiation and development are over-represented in the KLF2-regulated gene list. The SOX2 gene, encoding a pluripotency factor, is regulated by KLF2 in both ES and embryonic erythroid cells. Previous work had identified genes with erythroid-enriched expression in the yolk sac. The erythroid-enriched genes reelin, adenylate cyclase 7, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 2 alpha, and CD24a antigen are downregulated in KLF2−/− compared to WT and are therefore candidates for controlling primitive erythropoiesis. Each of these genes contains a putative KLF2 binding site(s) in its promoter and/or an intron. Reelin has an established role in neuronal development. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that KLF2 directly transactivates the reelin promoter in erythroid cells, validating this approach to identify KLF2 target genes.
Acetazolamide is an effective adjunct for urinary alkalization in patients with uric acid and cystine stone formation recalcitrant to potassium citrate.

Objectives Acetazolamide has been proposed as a treatment adjunct for patients with cystine and uric acid stone formation recalcitrant to standard alkalization therapy. We evaluated the effect of acetazolamide in urinary alkalization in patients with uric acid and cystine stone formation recalcitrant to potassium citrate alone. Methods An institutional review board-approved, retrospective chart review identified 12 patients at 2 sites who had been prescribed acetazolamide as a treatment adjunct to potassium citrate for uric acid or cystine stones from 1997 to 2007. We evaluated the urine studies, metabolic evaluations, surgical interventions, and stone recurrence or growth. Results The mean follow-up was 46.1 months (range 11-86). Ten patients (83%) were categorized as compliant. Of the 2 patients excluded from the study, 1 was noncompliant with the medication, and the other was lost to follow-up. Of the 10 patients who were compliant with the treatment, 5 (50%) developed adverse effects from the medication requiring discontinuation. Of the remaining 5 patients (50%) who tolerated the medication and remained compliant, 3 (60%) were stone free at a mean follow-up of 42 months. Two patients continued to form stones, including one who developed calcification of an existing uric acid stone. Both patients required surgical intervention. The mean urinary pH before treatment was 5.9 (range 5-7) and after treatment was 7.2 (range 6.5-8.5; P = .001). Conclusions Acetazolamide was effective in increasing the urinary pH in patients with uric acid and cystine stone formation who were already taking potassium citrate. Caution must be taken when prescribing acetazolamide, because it could be poorly tolerated and can induce calcium phosphate stone formation.
A model for training and evaluation of myringotomy and tube placement skills.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Simulation is emerging as a mandatory component of surgical training and a means of demonstrating surgical competency. We designed a cost-effective, low-fidelity model to further acquisition of technical skills related to myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion (M&T). The purpose of the study was to examine the skills trainer as a method of assessment to evaluate competency, timeliness, and procedure confidence in junior residents. Study Design: Prospective, randomized. Methods: A simplistic M&T skills box was developed. General surgery interns (n = 20) with no prior procedure training were randomized to receive either didactic instruction or skills training using the model. One hour of lecture or technical skills training was provided to each group. A blinded examiner evaluated the subjects in both groups before and after training. Performance was measured using a global rating scale, task-specific checklist, and time-to-completion. Pre- and postsession questionnaires assessed procedure confidence. Results: Analysis revealed a trend toward improvement in global rating scores between groups. There was a statistically significant difference in time improvement between groups (P = .0211). The skills lab group felt they could perform the procedure faster and with improved abilities, as compared to the didactic group (P = .0069 and 0.0007, respectively). Conclusions: Junior surgical residents performed an M&T procedure using a novel, low-cost model. This study demonstrated the skills lab's positive effect on training as measured by global rating scale, time-to-completion, and overall resident confidence. We anticipate its application to be valuable not only in training residents but also in assessing competency.
Revisiting the Determinants of Democracy

In this paper we revisit the central finding in Comparative politics that the greater the per-capita income of a country, the more likely it is to be democratic. We argue that the existing empirical literature fails to treat seriously the fact that income and democracy are jointly determined in a political-economic equilibrium. Based on our previous research we argue that whether or not a country is democratic and whether or not it is prosperous depends on its underlying institutions. We first show that once you control for country-specific variation in institutions using fixed effects income per-capita never plays a role in determining democracy. This finding is robust to different estimation techniques, covariates, and sample. We then try to directly control for institutions by using historical data from former European colonies. This restriction is motivated by the fact that we have exogenous sources of institutional variation for this sub-set of countries. We show that when we use these variables to control for the historical creation of institutions (age of country, population density in 1500, and a measure of institutions at the date of independence) they have statistically indistinguishable effects rom the results with fixed effect. The main conclusion is that we find no evidence that income causes democracy. Rather, different countries move onto different development paths as the results of critical junctures and historical circumstances (such as European colonialism). Different paths are supported by different sets of institutions and the nexus of institutions that promotes prosperity simultaneously tends to lead to democracy.
Utilizing CIWA-Ar to assess use of benzodiazepines in patients vulnerable to alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

To determine whether use of the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA-Ar) would better guide treatment for the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS), we prospectively studied 16 patients identified as alcohol dependent or with a positive blood alcohol level on admission. All patients were administered the CIWA-Ar. If it was > or = 10, the patient was randomized to a benzodiazepine. If the CIWA-Ar was or = 10 and entered a benzodiazepine treatment program. The mean CIWA-Ar score was 18 +/- 10. The remaining nine patients had an initial CIWA-Ar < 10, with a mean score of 3.8 +/- 2.4. We safely withheld detoxification regimens in 9 of 16 patients based on CIWA-Ar scores. The CIWA-Ar may obviate over-utilization of benzodiazepines in patients with AWS.
CFD Analysis of the F/A-18E Super Hornet during Aircraft- Carrier Landing High-Lift Aerodynamic Conditions

The goal of the current study was to determine if computational fluid dynamics is capable of accurately predicting the forces and moments on the F/A-18E Super Hornet at the high-lift aerodynamic conditions usually encountered during carrier landing. Past F/A18E computational studies have mainly focused on wind-tunnel scale calculations with the results being compared to existing wind-tunnel data. The calculations for this study were conducted at full scale and the results were compared to F/A-18E sim data where possible. The computational geometry included all of the flaps, control surfaces, shrouds and gaps usually present on the actual aircraft. During this study, static calculations were completed at various F/A-18E conditions along the path of an untrimmed longitudinal stick doublet maneuver. These calculations represent small, medium and large trailing-edge flap deflections. The results were compared to F/A-18E sim data. In addition, several static calculations were conducted for the F/A-18E trimmed with two different sets of control laws at three different longitudinal stick positions. Once again, these results were compared to F/A-18E sim data. Finally, a study was conducted to determine the effect of the trailing-edge flap deflection, aileron deflection and angle of attack on the F/A-18E forces and moments. A wide range of trailing-edge flap deflections was considered. Overall, the comparisons between the computational results and the sim data were favorable. However, the correlations for the pitching moment indicate that there is room for improvement. Traditionally, accurately predicting the pitching moment on the F/A-18E has been very challenging.
Reflections of Digital Construction of University Archives

This paper introduces the definition of archives digitization,analyzes the necessity of digital construction of university archives and its present situation,and puts forward some suggestions to the prospective archives digitization.
Subjective Report of Side Effects of Prescribed and Nonprescribed Psychostimulant Use in Young Adults

ABSTRACTBackground: Side effects of prescribed and nonprescribed psychostimulant use are understudied. Objectives: The study examined side effects of prescribed and nonprescribed psychostimulant use in a college sample with attention to possible gender differences. Methods: 2716 undergraduates (1448 male) between the ages of 17 and 57 years (M = 19.43 years, SD = 1.7 years) completed an online survey that included questions about the subjective side effects of prescribed and nonprescribed psychostimulant use. Results: Results suggested that prescribed users more frequently reported side effects, compared to nonprescribed users. For prescribed users, females more frequently reported appetite, somatic, and anxiety-related side effects compared to males. For nonprescribed users, while females reported more somatic and anxiety-related side effects, males more frequently reported loss of sex drive and sweating as side effects. Conclusions/Importance: These findings suggest prescribed users of psychostimulants ...
Structuring an Enterprise Risk Assessment Protocol: Traditional Practice and New Methods

In a world that has become increasingly complex, enterprise risk management (ERM) has emerged as a practice for identifying reasonably foreseeable hazards that pose risks to an organization, both its physical and human assets. Due to the breadth and depth of factors that can impact an organization's risk portfolio, it is incumbent that the underlying risk assessment process that supports ERM embodies a holistic and systematic approach. This is easier said than done, however, as much of the effort in self-acclaimed ERM programs remain entrenched in compartmentalized parts of the organization or ignore threats that are “outside of the box” of the operating environment to which management is accustomed. This environment therefore creates opportunities for key risks to go unnoticed. The authors propose a comprehensive, yet flexible framework for overcoming this challenge, an approach that can be utilized by both the public and private sector. A sample application is provided, using a free, web-based tool developed as part of the initiative.
Aging in Classical Philosophy

Anton argues that, for the Classical philosophers, the quality and meaning of old age supervenes on the wisdom and moral character of the individual. Any apparent disagreements between these philosophers can be traced back to differences in metaphysical, epistemological, and moral doctrines. For instance, Plato suggests that old age is freedom from youthful earthly desires that only distract humans from truth, knowledge, and the good life. While Aristotle’s view is ostensibly negative, his moral psychology allows that the virtuous elder has much to enjoy. Given the self-perpetuating nature of virtue, one who acquires it prior to old age should endure hardships gracefully and enjoy contemplation immensely as an elder. Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch all agree that the types of activities appropriate to old age are superior to alternative actions.
Characterization of blue light irradiation effects on pathogenic and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli.

Blue light irradiation (BLI) is an FDA-approved method for treating certain types of infections, like acne, and is becoming increasingly attractive as an antimicrobial strategy as the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" rises. However, no study has delineated the effectiveness of BLI throughout different bacterial growth phases, especially in more BLI-tolerant organisms such as Escherichia coli. While the vast majority of E. coli strains are nonpathogenic, several E. coli pathotypes exist that cause infection within and outside the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we compared the response of E. coli strains from five phylogenetic groups to BLI with a 455 nm wavelength (BLI455 ), using colony-forming unit and ATP measurement assays. Our results revealed that BLI455 is not bactericidal, but can retard E. coli growth in a manner that is dependent on culture age and strain background. This observation is critical, given that bacteria on and within mammalian hosts are found in different phases of growth.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Trajectories and the Role of Familial Factors.

Prior empirical research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and young adulthood often focuses on exposure to violence in the family-of-origin using retrospective and cross-sectional data. Yet individuals’ families matter beyond simply the presence or absence of abuse, and these effects may vary across time. To address these issues, the present study employed five waves of longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) to investigate the trajectory of IPV from adolescence to young adulthood (N = 950 respondents, 4,750 person-periods) with a specific focus on how familial factors continue to matter across the life course. Results indicated that family-of-origin violence and parent-child relationship quality were independent predictors of IPV. The effect of parent-child relationship quality on IPV also became greater as individuals aged. These results have implications for policies targeted at reducing IPV.
Nonsynoptic Wind-induced Transient Effects on Linear Bridge Aerodynamics

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the nonsynoptic wind-induced effects on linear bridge aerodynamics. More specifically, the transient nature of the downburst events and its effects on the aerod...
Considering Interest and Action: Analyzing Types of Questions Explored by Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships.

Researcher-practitioner partnerships have gained increasing prominence within education in recent years, yet scholarship on partnerships and tools to guide partnerships’ work remain in their infancy. Drawing on our own work in a partnership as well as analysis of abstracts for the 41 partnerships funded by the Institute of Education Sciences and the Spencer Foundation, we analyze the prevalence of four types of research questions—data quality, information gathering, evaluation, and design questions—within partnerships and reflect on the constraints and affordances of each question type for partnerships. We argue that explicitly considering the extent to which possible questions are of high interest and are actionable for both researchers and practitioners may increase the likelihood that the needs of both parties will be met and that partnerships can truly serve as a tool for meaningful improvement in education.
Social hair pulling in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Alopecia is common among captive populations of nonhuman primates. There are many potential causes of alopecia, including physiological conditions such as hormonal imbalance and infection, features of the captive environment such as housing type, ground substrate, and group density, as well as behavioral abnormalities such as self-plucking. A potential behavioral cause of alopecia in group-housed primates is social hair pulling, where one animal pulls hair from a conspecific. While social hair pulling has been conflated with overgrooming in some of the alopecia literature, other authors have categorized it as a form of aggression rather than a form of excessive grooming. In this study, we examined social hair pulling, grooming, and aggression within seven groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (N = 319). We took weekly 30-min behavioral observations on each group for one year to assess the patterns of hair pulling and grooming, which monkeys were receiving and initiating these behaviors, as well as aggression and other behaviors indicating dominance. We also assessed the amount of alopecia on each individual monthly. While grooming tended to be directed "up" the hierarchy (i.e., monkeys were more likely to groom animals of a higher rank than lower rank), most hair pulling was directed "down" the hierarchy. Further, hair pulling seldom co-occurred with aggressive behaviors, suggesting that it was not a form of aggression. Hair pulling also usually resulted in ingestion of the pulled hair. Hair pulling was correlated with alopecia; monkeys who were frequent recipients of hair pulling scored higher on monthly alopecia ratings than those who were less often observed having hair pulled. Our results suggest that social hair pulling is a behavior distinct from either grooming or aggressive behavior, and that it may contribute to alopecia in socially housed macaques.
High power millimeter wave heating in MTX

The Microwave Tokamak eXperiment at LLNL was designed to explore the physics of microwave interactions in plasmas using high power millimeter wave sources. We have used 140 GHz power from two sources, a gyrotron capable of ∼ 1MW pulsed, 400 kW CW, and a free electron laser with 100-400 MW pulses of ∼ 10 ns for experiments, with results that we will describe here. Our interests center on non-linear absorption phenomena (FEL) and on heating, transport, and MHD control (FEL and gyrotron) in tokamak plasmas. In the first phase of the FEL experiments we were theoretically in the linear absorption regime, and our plasma transmission experiments gave results consistent with linear theory (with refraction included).
Jewish Childhood in the Roman World

This is the first full treatment of Jewish childhood in the Roman world. It follows minors into the spaces where they lived, learned, played, slept, and died and examines the actions and interaction of children with other children, with close-kin adults, and with strangers, both inside and outside the home. A wide range of sources are used, from the rabbinic rules to the surviving painted representations of children from synagogues, and due attention is paid to broader theoretical issues and approaches. Hagith Sivan concludes with four beautifully reconstructed 'autobiographies' of specific children, from a boy living and dying in a desert cave during the Bar-Kokhba revolt to an Alexandrian girl forced to leave her home and wander through the Mediterranean in search of a respite from persecution. The book tackles the major questions of the relationship between Jewish childhood and Jewish identity which remain important to this day.
Expression of the PLP Gene and a PLP-LacZ Transgene in Oligodendrocytes

Myelination is essential for normal nervous system development, and a wide variety of environmental and genetic factors lead to dysmyelination, which is a serious neurobiological problem (Raine, 1984). Central nervous system (CNS) myelin is a differentiation of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane, which is produced during a relatively narrow time period in the early postnatal rodent brain. This differentiation program can be studied extensively in primary culture since cultured oligodendrocyte progenitors can differentiate and express myelin genes, even in the absence of neurons or astrocytes (Dubois-Dalcq et al., 1986: Campagnoni and Macklin, 1988).
A 5’ Splice Site is Essential for REV and REX Regulation of HIV Envelope Protein mRNA Expression

The organization of the HIV genome is much more complex than that of most other retroviruses (for a review see (1)). This is due to the presence of several regulatory genes in addition to the structural genes gag, pol and env. This complexity is reflected by the large number of different subgenomic mRNAs found in HIV infected cells (2). A proper balance between these mRNAs has to be achieved to ensure appropriate expression of the different viral proteins.
Anxiety Sensitivity is Associated with Lower Enjoyment and an Anxiogenic Response to Physical Activity in Smokers

The subjective affective response to, and enjoyment of, physical activity are strong predictors of engagement in physical activity. Anxiety sensitivity, the fear of bodily sensations, is a cognitive factor that may inhibit the pleasurable affective experience of physical activity, possibly contributing to low levels of physical activity. The current study evaluated anxiety sensitivity in relation to PA enjoyment and affective experience before and after exercise in smokers. Participants were low-active treatment-seeking smokers (n = 201) enrolled in a smoking cessation intervention. At baseline, participants completed self-report assessments of anxiety sensitivity, cigarette dependence, and physical activity enjoyment. State affect was also reported before and after a submaximal exercise test to index pre-exercise activity affect and affective response to exercise. Anxiety sensitivity was significantly negatively correlated with physical activity enjoyment, specifically lower enjoyable physical feelings of physical activity. Anxiety sensitivity was significantly correlated with lower state mood and higher state anxiety prior to the submaximal exercise test, and higher anxiety immediately after the exercise test. Additionally, anxiety sensitivity predicted increased anxiety, but not lower mood, in response to the submaximal exercise test. This is the first study to document an association of anxiety sensitivity with affective determinants of physical activity behavior in smokers. Anxiety sensitivity was associated with lower physical activity enjoyment, higher negative affect prior to and after exercise testing, and an anxiogenic response to exercise. Future work is needed to understand how the current findings generalize beyond smokers.
1268. Transmissibility of Candida auris by Type of Inpatient Healthcare Facility

Background Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast causing outbreaks in healthcare settings. Stopping the spread of C. auris requires rapid identification of healthcare facilities at risk of higher transmission to help targeted implementation of infection control measures. We used data collected during public health investigations to quantify transmissibility of C. auris by type of healthcare facility.
A Whirlwind Tour of Particle Physics

Herman Wouk’s A Hole in Texas (2004) begins with an author’s note: “At rough guess, 99.9999% of all Americans don’t know what the hell a Higgs boson is” [1]. The percentage may be comparable today, but thanks to the well-advertised discovery of the particle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012, a large percentage of the general public will have at least heard of it. Unfortunately, hearing about a scientific discovery doesn’t necessarily make it less scary. Quite the contrary, in some cases. Various subatomic particles have made guest appearances in popular culture for decades. For example, in the 1964 episode of The Outer Limits “Production and Decay of Strange Particles” the introductory narration invokes the “strange world of subatomic particles”, including “anti-matter composed of inside-out material, shadow-matter [neutrinos] which can penetrate 10 miles of lead shielding. Hidden deep in the heart of strange new elements are secrets beyond human understanding. New powers, new dimensions” [2]. In this chapter we will embark on a whirlwind tour of both the basics of particle physics and the enormous, complex machines used to test its predictions, including the possibility of “new dimensions”. The interested reader is encouraged to consult the works referenced in this chapter if a deeper dive into the physics is desired.
Geschmackssache: Widersprüche ästhetischer Wertung

Den Zeichen der Kunst und Literatur kommt asthetischer Mehrwert zu. Dennoch bleiben sie an Marktbedingungen und an eine Zeichentheorie gebunden, die nach Ferdinand de Saussure alle Merkmale der Okonomie erkennen lasst – Zirkulation, Arbitraritat und Vieldeutigkeit –, wie sie etwa in der Funktion des Geldes angelegt sind. So sehr Literaturtheorien versuchen, der Sprache einen „Nullwert“ zuzuschreiben (Roland Barthes), bestatigt sich durch die Erklarungen von Theoretikern lediglich die Strukturanalogie von Literatur und Okonomie. Auf asthetischem Gebiet wird diese Analogie vor allem im Zeitalter der Sprachrevolution deutlich, in dem Autoren wie Hofmannsthal die Eignung von Sprache als erkenntnistheoretisches Werkzeug infrage stellten. Wahrend Hofmannsthal zum Vorbild der Konservativen Revolution wurde, sah etwa Herrmann Broch gerade in den neuesten zeitgenossischen (und auch in den eigenen) Werken einen Umgang mit Sprache, der einen Weg zur Metaphysik ebnen wurde. Andere wiederum, wie die Dadaisten, erkannten in der Selbstreferenzialitat der Zeichen eine Gelegenheit zum asthetischen Spiel, zur Selbsterkundung und zur Kritik. In Kap. 8 werden am Beispiel literarischer und kunstlerischer Arbeiten Verbindungen zwischen Okonomie und Asthetik erortert. „Kritik“ erweist sich dabei als radikale, gewissermasen letzte Form der Wertung.
The effects of plan payment rates on the market for Medicare Advantage Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans

Objective To determine the effect of higher potential benchmark payment rates on the market for Medicare Advantage (MA) Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNPs). Data sources/study setting Publicly available county-level data from 2009 to 2015 regarding the number of D-SNPs operating within the county, the enrollment in and five-star quality of score of these plans, and the benchmark amounts used to determine capitated plan payments. Study design This study exploits the introduction of quality bonus payments to the MA program in 2012, and exogenous geographic variation in the potential size of these bonuses to estimate the effect of benchmark payment increases on the availability, quality, and take-up of D-SNPs. We use a difference-in-difference estimation approach to compare changes in the market for D-SNPs in counties eligible for a double bonus to those that are not. Principal findings The doubling of bonuses was associated with a relative 29 percent increase in the number of D-SNPs offered (P = 0.021) and 0.1-star increase in the average quality of available D-SNPs (P = 0.034). No relative increase in overall D-SNP enrollment was detected. Conclusions These findings indicate that larger benchmark payment amounts may influence insurers' decisions of whether to participate in the D-SNP market but not dual-eligibles' decision of whether to enroll in these plans. Future research is needed to inform discussions about whether D-SNPs are a viable mechanism for integrating benefits for dual eligibles and the degree to which Medicare policies should support their continued growth.
Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on the Morphology of Somatic Motoneurons Following the Death of Neighboring Motoneurons

Background. Motoneuron loss is a severe medical problem that can result in loss of motor control and eventually death. We have previously demonstrated that partial motoneuron loss can result in den...