cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NetceRNA: An algorithm for construction of phenotype-specific regulation networks via competing endogenous RNAs

By using the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) concept, we implemented a web-based application TraceRNA. TraceRNA allows us to interactively construct a regulation network for a specific phenotype by using a disease-specific transcriptome data. In this work, we further extend the TraceRNA with a novel algorithm implementation where we examined the microRNA expression derived from same disease type. The proposed algorithm, NetceRNA, finds an optimized network representation under a certain phenotype context by iteratively perturbing the network and measuring the network configuration change with respect to the original ceRNA network. The resulting algorithm outputs an improved network together with a ranked list of genes and miRNAs which are characteristic of the specific phenotype. To illustrate the utility of NetceRNA, gene expression and microRNA expression data of breast cancer study from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used.
Design Process Error-Proofing: Lessons From and Challenges for NASA

This report describes the state of design observed at NASA and collaborative research between NASA and Stanford University into improving design practices. Just as there are many types of missions and projects, there are many types of design practices and reviews at NASA. Through exploration of the NASA life-cycle across the organization and deeper case studies of specific missions, the goal of this work is to identify best practices and lessons learned from NASA’s review experience, benchmark against industry techniques, and develop methodologies to improve the process. By introducing design process error-proofing methods based on FMEA and QFD into the NASA framework, more robust corrective actions and solutions can better detect and prevent design errors. This paper demonstrates the methods through retroactive exploration and implementation on the Mars Climate Orbiter.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Effect of ATP and other nucleotides on the bleomycin-induced degradation of vaccinia virus DNA

Abstract ATP significantly enhances degradation of purified viral DNA and DNA in vaccinia cores in the presence of the antineoplastic agent, bleomycin. Thymine has been identified as one of the products of this reaction. Enhancement by ATP of bleomycin-induced degradation of viral DNA requires magnesium chloride and 2-mercaptoethanol; the reaction is dependent on the concentration of bleomycin with maximal degradation occurring at an optimal temperature of 37°. Greatest enhancement is attained when ATP and MgCl 2 are present in equimolar concentrations. Increasing the concentration of MgCl 2 inhibits degradation in the presence or absence of ATP. Synthetic ATP analogs, α,β-methylene-ATP and β,γ-methylene-ATP, or the nucleotides ADP, GTP, CTP, UTP, dGTP, dCTP and TTP partially substitute for ATP. ATP can not be replaced by AMP, pyrophosphate, 3′,5′-cyclic AMP or EDTA. We suggest that ATP and other nucleotides may be important for bleomycin-induced degradation of DNA observed in intact cells and propose that ATP may play a significant role in the antitumor and antiviral activities of bleomycin.
Treatment of Pneumothoraces Utilizing Small Caliber Chest Tubes

Pneumothorax is a common problem in both hospitalized and emergency room patients. Eight-four pneumothoraces in 79 patients were treated using a No. 9 French catheter. In 76 cases, the catheter was attached to a flutter valve, and in eight cases, suction was applied. The No. 9 French catheter provided definitive treatment in 73 (87 percent) of the pneumothoraces. Causes of catheter failure included kinking, malposition, inadvertent removal by patient, occlusion of the tube or valve by pleural fluid, and large air leak. No complication attributable to tube placement occurred. When the flutter valve was employed, the patient was able to ambulate allowing for potential outpatient therapy The tube was found to be easy to use, safe, and efficacious in the treatment of pneumothoraces.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of tissue pH using a novel pH-sensitive contrast agent, GdDOTA-4AmP.

The pH of bodily fluids affects the organism in many ways, especially through its effects on cellular and plasma proteins. Maintenance of acid-base homeostasis is therefore critical, and occurs at several levels. The most immediate and local response to an acid or alkali load is through chemical processes, including intracellular and extracellular buffers. However buffering capacity is typically limited, and must be backed up by physiologic responses to the acid-base imbalance. These physiologic processes can be at the cellular level, such as feed-back changes in metabolism, and at the systemic level, involving adaptive changes to the excretion of volatile acids by the lungs and fixed acids by the kidneys (1). Pathologically altered renal physiology can manifest with perturbations in systemic and renal pH. Hereditary defects and acquired deficiencies in renal tubular ion transport systems can result in systemic metabolic acidosis or alkalosis (1,2). Novel gene therapies have shown promise for the treatment of some of these diseases, but there are still problems with heterogeneous gene delivery to and loss of the corrective gene from the target tissue over time (1,2). Methodologies to image the spatial distribution of renal pH would have considerable biomedical and clinical relevance in such cases, by enabling the non-invasive assessment of disease extent, progression, and response to therapy. Recently, a pH-sensitive gadolinium-based contrast agent, GdDOTA-4AmP5 , was introduced (1). We have employed a dual contrast agent method to image tissue pH in vivo by MRI using GdDOTA-4AmP5 .
The processing of hierarchical stimuli: effects of retinal locus, locational uncertainty, and stimulus identity.

Three experiments examined the effects of changes in retinal locus and locational uncertainty in the processing of hierarchical stimuli. In Experiment 1, stimuli were presented randomly in the left, center, or right portions of a display. Central presentation decreased reaction times for identifying small letters presented within a hierarchical stimulus pattern (i.e., local letters) but not for a single small letter presented alone. In Experiment 2, all stimuli were presented centrally, thus eliminating the locational uncertainty that existed in Experiment 1. The elimination of locational uncertainty resulted in faster reaction times (as compared with the central data of Experiment 1) for identifying small letters, whether or not they appeared in a hierarchical pattern. In Experiment 3, eye movements were monitored and eliminated as a possible source of these effects. The results are discussed in terms of possible effects of an attentional “spotlight” on hierarchical stimulus processing. It was also found that the identity of the target letter (i.e., whether it was an H or an S) had a large effect on performance. Finally, in contrast to earlier findings (Hoffman, 1980; Martin, 1979), the response-time advantage at a given level and the amount of Stroop-type interference produced at the other level did not always covary, suggesting that these two effects may reflect the operation of separate mechanisms.
What Predicts Trends in the White House Mail? The Macro Causes of Mass Political Letter Writing to the Chief Executive

There is voluminous survey evidence identifying which, when, and how individuals contact elected officials, but there is less evidence by way of external validation. The goal in this exploratory article is to investigate and extend the empirical trends in letter writing to the chief executive to validate the causes of political letter writing. Using a longitudinal series of heretofore unutilized data spanning 1953 to 1984 collected at individual presidential archives from President Eisenhower to President Reagan, the author tests competing theories about the causes of political letter writing during the modern presidential era. The findings reveal that exogenous events have the strongest effect, followed by presidential mobilization through speeches. Public approval has mixed effects but is strongest when those individuals most likely to participate approve of the president. These findings can help inform us about trends in participation and the evolving role of the public presidency.
Have MMPI MF scale correlates changed in the past 30 years

This study was designed to investigate whether behavioral correlates of the MMPI Masculinity-Femininity (MF) scale are similar to or different from those established in the 1950s, given the many social and cultural changes that have taken place since then. There were 306 participants in the study, 102 target subjects (51 males, 51 females) and 204 same-sex friends. The former were administered the first 399 items of the MMPI, the Interpersonal Adjective Scale (IAS), and other questionnaires. The friends described each subject on the IAS. Low MF females were rated by themselves and their peers as tender and emotional, whereas high MF females considered themselves exploitative and self-confident and were rated as bold and unsympathetic by their peers. Low MF males described themselves as domineering and impersonal and were described by their peers as well-mannered. High MFs saw themselves as undemanding and shy and were perceived as emotional by their peers. It appears that the behavioral correlates established a generation ago are still valid today, at least for college students.
Continuities and Discontinuities in Children and Scholarship

This article introduces a collection of essays on continuity and discontinuity in cognitive development. In his lead essay, J. Kagan (2008) argues that limitations in past research (e.g., on number concepts, physical solidarity, and object permanence) render conclusions about continuity premature. Commentaries respectively (1) argue that longitudinal contexts are essential for interpreting developmental data, (2) illustrate the value of converging measures, (3) identify qualitative change via dynamical systems theory, (4) redirect the focus from states to process, and (5) review epistemological premises of alternative research traditions. Following an overview of the essays, this introductory article discusses how the search for developmental structures, continuity, and process differs between mechanistic-contextualist and organismic-contextualist metatheoretical frameworks, and closes by highlighting continuities in Kagan’s scholarship over the past half century.
Use of exclusive-OR gates for boolean minimisation

An algorithm for the minimisation of logic functions using XOR (exclusive-OR) gates in addition to AND, OR and INVERT gates is presented. It applies to functions with inherent symmetries, and the saving of hardware compared with that achieved by other minimisation methods is typically 40-60%. The algorithm could be included in the minimisation part of an automated-logic design program, or used as a logic designer's tool, either in the form of an on-call program or in the form of two templates for quick manual application.
Kinetics of Ca2+ Dissociation-Induced Structural Transitions of Cardiac Thin Filament

Ca2+ induces structural transitions within the cardiac thin filament. The structural kinetics at the troponin-actin interface was investigated by Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to understand the molecular basis underlying thin filament regulation. The kinetics of the Ca2+-induced conformational changes at the cTnC N-domain, the cTnC-cTnI and the cTnI-actin interfaces were studied. The structural transition of the cTnC N-domain was examined by monitoring FRET between a donor (AEDANS) attached to one cysteine and an acceptor (DDPM) attached the other cysteine mutant of cTnC(13C/51C). The cTnC-cTnI interactions were investigated by monitoring the distance changes from cTnC(89C) to cTnI(151C) and cTnI(167C). Both cTnI(151C) and cTnC(167C) were labeled with AEDANS as FRET donor and cTnC(89C) was labeled with DDPM as the FRET acceptor. These two labeled cTnI mutants were also used to monitor Ca2+-induced distance changes from cTnI residues 151 and 167 to the cysteine residue 374 of actin labeled with DABM as the FRET acceptor. Results from FRET Ca2+ titrations and stopped-flow kinetic measurements demonstrated that different structural transitions have different Ca2+ sensitivities and different Ca2+ dissociation-induced kinetics. Structural transitions involving the regulatory region and the mobile domain of cTnI occurred at fast kinetic rates, while the structural transitions involving transversal movement of the cTnI inhibitory region occurred at slow kinetic rates. Our results suggest a two-step deactivation of the thin filament upon Ca2+ dissociation. The first step may involve rapid binding of the mobile domain of cTnI to actin, which was kinetically coupled with the conformational change of cTnC N-domain and dissociation of the regulatory region of cTnI from the cTnC hydrophobic pocket. The second step involved the inhibitory region of cTnI switching its interacting from cTnC to actin. The latter processes may participate in regulating crossbridge kinetics.
Alphabet instruction has significant impact on alphabet learning

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Piasta, S. B., & Wagner, R. K. (2010). Developing early literacy skills: A meta-analysis of alphabet learning and instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 45, 8–18. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: This study was supported by a Pre-doctoral Interdisciplinary Research Training Grant from the Institute of Education Sciences; the original authors of this research report no conflicts of interest.
Evaluating the success of an emergency response medical information system

Abstract Objective STATPack™ is an information system used to aid in the diagnosis of pathogens in hospitals and state public health laboratories. STATPack™ is used as a communication and telemedicine diagnosis tool during emergencies. This paper explores the success of this emergency response medical information system (ERMIS) using a well-known framework of information systems success developed by DeLone and McLean. Method Using an online survey, the entire population of STATPack™ users evaluated the success of the information system by considering system quality, information quality, system use, intention to use, user satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact. Results The results indicate that the overall quality of this ERMIS (i.e., system quality, information quality, and service quality) has a positive impact on both user satisfaction and intention to use the system. However, given the nature of ERMIS, overall quality does not necessarily predict use of the system. Moreover, the user's satisfaction with the information system positively affected the intention to use the system. User satisfaction, intention to use, and system use had a positive influence on the system's impact on the individual. Finally, the organizational impacts of the system were positively influenced by use of the system and the system's individual impact on the user. Conclusions The results of the study demonstrate how to evaluate the success of an ERMIS as well as introduce potential changes in how one applies the DeLone and McLean success model in an emergency response medical information system context.
Gender Expectations and On-Line Evaluations of Teaching: Evidence from RateMyProfessors.com.

Using publicly available data from RateMyProfessors.com, we explore whether an instructor's gender influences how students rate that instructor. Although RateMyProfessors.com may not accurately reflect quality teaching, it provides a unique window into how students construct their classroom experiences. Multiple regression analyses of 500 professors from five public universities in the state of Florida fail to reveal significant gender differences in ratings of ‘overall quality’. Using more complex models, we test the hypothesis that female instructors are rated more positively when they display traditionally female traits, namely teaching in a traditionally female field and offering courses that are perceived as easier. Contrary to our expectations, our analyses fail to reveal the use of a gendered yardstick in quantitative evaluations of college instructors. Instead, perceptions of ease appear to be the great equalizer within this on-line context.
Dynamic Waveband Switching in WDM Mesh Networks Based on a Generic Auxiliary Graph Model

Waveband switching (WBS) is a promising technique to reduce the switching and transmission costs in the optical domain of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network. This paper considers the problem of provisioning dynamic traffic using WBS in a WDM mesh network. The network of interest is a homogeneous WBS network, where each node has the functionality of WBS. The problem is called the dynamic WBS problem, which involves searching waveband-routes or wavelength-routes for the dynamically arriving traffic requests. The objective is to minimize the total switching and transmission costs in the optical domain. To solve the dynamic WBS problem, an auxiliary graph model capturing the network state is proposed. Based on the auxiliary graph, two heuristic on-line WBS algorithms with different waveband grouping policies are proposed, namely the wavelength-first WBS algorithm based on the auxiliary graph (WFAUG) and the waveband-first WBS algorithm based on the auxiliary graph (BFAUG). Simulation results indicate that WBS is an attractive technique which reduces the overall switching and transmission costs by up to 30% in the network. The results also show that the WFAUG algorithm outperforms the BFAUG algorithm in terms of port savings and cost savings.
Peripheral Visual Processing.

An attempt was made to examine the development of the ability to identify stimuli presented to peripheral vision in several different tasks. Five- and 8-year-old children and college adults saw, for 20 msec, either a single figure at 1°, 2°, 4°, or 6° of visual angle from the fovea (singleform condition) or an off-foveal figure with an additional figure at the fovea (double-form condition). In the double-form conditions, the subjects were required to identify either the peripheral figure only (double-form presentation) or both figures (double-form report). The main effects of Age, Distance, and Form Condition were significant. Accuracy improved with increasing age and with decreasing distance. The Form Condition effect reflected lower accuracy in the two double-form conditions than in the single-form condition. Interestingly, there was no difference between the two double-form conditions, suggesting that the mere presence of a foveal stimulus, with instructions to ignore it, produces as much decrement in peripheral performance as when subjects are told to fully process and report the foveal stimulus. Also, there was no interaction between Form Condition and Distance, suggesting that the label “tunnel vision” may be misleading, since the presence of the foveal stimulus seems to have an equal effect on all peripheral locations and does not really “restrict” the size of the effective visual field.
Major themes in parent-provider relationships: A comparison of life-threatening and chronic illness experiences

The nature and quality of parent-professional relationships in two contrasting illness situations was explored in this study. Results are based on a secondary analysis of 32 families in which a child had diabetes and 20families in which a child had life-threatening illness. Data analysis revealed three patterns of decision making across parents in the two illness situations: dependent, independent, and collaborative. These patterns varied in terms of the nature and amount of reliance on health care professionals. In addition, parental expectations of providers, placement of trust, and information exchange also varied and served to further define group differences.
Hydrogen Generation Using a Borohydride-Based Semi-continuous Milli-scale Reactor: Effects of Physicochemical Parameters on Hydrogen Yield

It is well-known that hydrogen for portable applications can be generated by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride stabilized in an alkali medium over suitable catalysts. This paper describes hydrogen generation by hydrolysis of solid sodium borohydride (NaBH4) powder in a milli-scale semi-continuous reactor. Acidified (hydrochloric acid) water is used as an accelerator for hydrogen generation. The effects of liquid−solid interfacial contact area, NaBH4 loading, liquid flow rate, and temperature on the hydrogen yield in the milli-scale reactor have been studied. The results indicate that up to 80% of the theoretical hydrogen can be produced from 2 mg (0.053 mM) of NaBH4 using a 6 N HCl solution at a flow rate of 1 μL/min. The hydrolysis of NaBH4 produces byproducts, such as NaBO2 and NaCl. Acidified water increases the porosity of the interfacial reaction zone consisting of byproducts. This improves liquid delivery to unreacted NaBH4 and results in greater hydrogen generation over longer durations.
The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: A river dis-continuum?

We used several techniques to analyze 10–11 collections from each of 13 stations along a mountain stream gradient to examine the hypothesis that there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) uniform downstream gradient in benthic distribution. Random skewer techniques suggested that there was a significant downstream gradient of individuals per species, but only a weak gradient in species per station, and no gradient in functional guild composition. Ordination and clustering of either taxonomic or functional guild data suggested the existence of four longitudinally-defined groups of stations. Rarefaction curves also implied longitudinal groupings, with differences among groups implying species replacement than changes in organism numbers. Two species replacement indexes confirmed that suggestion. In summary, the distribution of the benthos in the creek may best be characterized as a punctuated gradient where gradual downstream changes in community composition are punctuated by sudden shifts to new community types. This punctuated gradient appears caused by changes in stream physical and chemical characteristics; the rapid nature of the changes hampers the interpretation of longitudinal analyses. Techniques such as random skewers and cluster analysis of rarefied samples will prove helpful in discerning pattern in stream benthos.
Fallback Based k-Hop Backtracking Trustworthy Rerouting Mechanism

When some links or nodes on the path break down, a rerouting path should be found in trustworthy network. In this paper, a fallback based k-hop backtracking trustworthy QoS (Quality of Service) rerouting mechanism is proposed. First,the network model and user trust evaluation model are constructed. Then the description of users requirements, the calculation methods of users satisfaction and the criterion of path judgments are presented. Considering users QoS requirements, trustworthy requirements and decrease of the algorithm cost, fallback is used for backtracking rerouting at the previous node of the failure node (or link) in the proposed mechanism. It reuses original links of the path as much as possible to reduce the time of rerouting. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is both feasible and effective. In contrast to existing mechanisms, both the rerouting success rate and user satisfaction degree are increased and the rerouting time is reduced under uses requirements.
Maturing Out of Narcotic Addiction in New York City

(1973). Maturing Out of Narcotic Addiction in New York City. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 921-938.
Additional vacua for four-dimensional supergravities

Abstract Ungauged extended supergravities are found to admit electrovac backgrounds with (AdS) 2 × S 2 geometry and residual N = 2 supersymmetry. Gauged supergravities admit magnetovac solutions with (AdS) 2 × H 2 geometry and residual n = 1 supersymmetry. All these vacua are expected to be stable. The Killing spinors dependence on S 2 coordinates is discussed.
Elastase effect on the extracellular matrix of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

Abstract The effect of elastase on the extracellular matrix of neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cell cultures was monitored both chemically and ultrastructurally. Porcine pancreatic elastase was shown to decrease the elastin content in these cultures. Although chemically no distinction could be made between the elastin remaining in the culture matrix after elastase when compared to that in the nontreated cultures, the elastin was dramatically altered morphologically. The elastin assumed a “mottled” appearance after elastase treatment similar to that seen in vivo in emphysema models. A highly sensitive immunogold staining technique was used to detect elastin at the earliest stages of accumulation. Pulse experiments demonstrated an increase in protein synthesis by the cells 20 hr after elastase exposure. The culture system described here provides a model for probing in vivo elastase effects on elastin-containing tissues.
Diet and Acculturation Among Hispanic/Latino Older Adults in the United States: A Review of Literature and Recommendations

Among U.S. and foreign-born Hispanic/Latino older adults living in the United States, associations of dietary acculturation and health outcomes have yielded no consistent findings. The purpose of this review was to present current knowledge and research disparities on acculturation, dietary intake, and health outcomes among the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Fifteen peer-reviewed studies that measured dietary acculturation among Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Dominican older adults living in the United States were identified and examined. This literature review divulged contradictory associations between dietary acculturation and dietary intake, along with nutritional and general health outcomes. Conclusive evidence has yet to be attained due to use of cross-sectional study designs and numerous acculturation measures as well as unique cultural and dietary patterns across diverse Hispanic/Latino populations. Further research is needed to ascertain dietary acculturation among U.S. and foreign-born Hispanic/Latino older adults in the United States and should strive to develop instruments that consider the social, economic, and political environments that influence the dietary acculturation process. Furthermore, longitudinal study designs and qualitative methodologies are warranted.
A mass spectrometry approach for the study of deglycosylated proteins

Abstract Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, after enzymatic or chemical deglycosylation, requires preparatory steps to remove salts and buffers. In this work, the glycosylated protein fetuin and a lectin protein isolated from the serum of Alligator mississippiensis were used to evaluate methods for desalting samples after an enzymatic or chemical deglycosylation. Precipitation and dialysis were used to prepare the deglycosylated samples for MS analysis. Both the precipitation and dialysis methods were suitable for sample preparation prior to analysis by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS.
Towards a Model of Impulse Transmissions for an Urban System

Signal flowgraphs are used for developing short-run impulse-transmission models for urban systems characterized by mutual causation, feedback, and lag structures. The method is flexible in the definition of transmission functions, and a number of techniques, such as transfer functions, differential equations, difference equations and their z-transforms, and linear operators based on two-sector multiplier models, are discussed. The matrix equivalent of the signal flowgraph representation is presented as an input—output matrix, and Mason's rule is used for generating a sensitivity matrix for the system.
Commanding Legality: The Juridification of Immigration Policymaking in France

The emergence of constitutional review in France has attracted substantial attention from scholars of public law. Yet little has been written about the political implications of the expansion of rights-based review on the part of France’s highest administrative jurisdiction, the Conseil d’Etat. The argument is made in this article that repeat litigation by French lawyers defending the cause of immigrants is an important site for observing the symbolic power of legal forms. The analysis focuses on cases challenging immigration-related administrative regulations and shows how the process of repeatedly adjudicating these issues has focused attention away from litigants and their claims at the same time that it has reinforced the centrality of the Conseil d’Etat and its formalist jurisprudence in administrative governance. This detailed examination of the practical operation of France’s highest administrative jurisdiction leads to the surprising conclusion that this distinctly nonadversarial form of adjudication has contributed over the long term to institutionalizing a juridification of immigration-related administrative policy making.
Metabasalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: new insights into hydrothermal systems in slow-spreading crust

An extensive suite of hydrothermally altered rocks were recovered byAlvin and dredging along the MARK [Mid-Atlantic Ridge, south of the Kane Fracture Zone (23–24°N)] where detachment faulting has provided a window into the crustal component of hydrothermal systems. Rocks of basaltic composition are altered to two assemblages with these characteristics: (i) type I: albitic plagioclase (An02–10)+mixed-layer smectite/chlorite or chlorite±actinolite±quartz±sphene, 20% of the clinopyroxene is altered, and Cu and Zn are leached. The geochemical signature of these alteration types reflects the relative proportion and composition of secondary minerals, and the degree of alteration of primary phases, and does not show simple predictive relationships. Element mobilities indicate that both alteration types formed at low water/rock ratios. The MARK assemblages are typical of the greenschist and transition to the amphibolite facies, and represent two distinct, albeit overlapping, temperature regimes: type I-180 to 300°C and type II-250 to 450°C. By analogy with DSDP/ODP Hole 504B and many ophiolites, the MARK metabasalts were altered within the downwelling limb of a hydrothermal cell and type I and II samples formed in the upper and lower portions of the sheeted like complex, respectively. Episodic magmatic and hydrothermal events at slow-spreading ridges suggest that these observed mineral assemblages represent the cumulative effects of more than one hydrothermal event. Groundmass and vein assemblages in the MARK metabasalts indicate either that alteration conditions did not change during successive hydrothermal events or that these assemblages record only the highest temperature event. Lack of retrograde reactions or overprinting of lower temperature assemblages (e.g., zeolites) suggests that there is a continuum in alteration conditions while crustal segments remain in the ridge axis environment. The type II samples may be representative of thereaction zone where compositions of hydrothermal fluids actively venting at the seafloor today become fixed. This prediction necessitates interaction between hydrothermal fluids and intersertal glass and/or mafic phases, in addition to plagioclase, in order to produce the observed range in vented fluid pH.
PS1-43: ICD9 to ICD10 Migration and Impact to Reporting.

Background/Aims The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a classification system developed and maintained by the World Health Organization. The 10th revision of ICD (ICD-10) was created in 1994. The U.S. is the only industrialized nation still using ICD-9. On January 16, 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services released the Final HIPAA Administrative Mandate to Adopt ICD-10. The compliance date for implementation of the ICD-10 Coding System is October 1, 2013. Complying with new federal regulations to implement ICD-10 by October 1, 2013 will have an enormous impact on the people, processes, and technology throughout KP and other Health Care Organizations. ICD-9 is running out f codes. Hundreds of new diagnosis codes are submitted annually. ICD-10 will allow not only for more codes, but also for greater specificity and thus better epidemiological tracking. How will this change impact data? Where do analysts find the new codes and what process should they follow to get ready for this conversion. What Clarity tables and columns will carry the new codes and how should the mapping be done? This presentation will provide tools for the programmers and guide them to make this conversion less painful.
Robust tracking of position and velocity with Kalman snakes

A new Kalman-filter based active contour model is proposed for tracking of nonrigid objects in combined spatio-velocity space. The model employs measurements of gradient-based image potential and of optical-flow along the contour as system measurements. In order to improve robustness to image clutter and to occlusions an optical-flow based detection mechanism is proposed. The method detects and rejects spurious measurements which are not consistent with previous estimation of image motion.
Childhood family structure and adult psychological well‐being of black Americans

This study investigates the long‐term effects of childhood family structure on self‐esteem (self‐confidence and self‐deprecation), personal efficacy, and life satisfaction in black adults, using da...
Problem-Drinking Patterns among American Merchant Seamen

Despite an unfortunately small sample size, a readily understandable questionnaire was administered with relative ease to available American merchant seamen who met the necessary study criteria of sobriety and treatment. The findings suggest that problem-drinking patterns of active merchant seamen seem to be induced by their work environment rather than being indicative of a predisposition to periodic or episodic alcoholism. Possible reasons why relatively few seamen seek or remain in treatment programs designed to help them with their drinking problems are presented.
Effect of part-time practice on patient outcomes

BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians are spending fewer hours in direct patient care, yet it is not known whether reduced hours are associated with differences in patient outcomes.
Responses to water depth and clipping of twenty-three plant species in an Indian monsoonal wetland

Abstract Responses of species to disturbances give insights into how species might respond to future wetland changes. In this study, species of monsoonal wetlands belonging to various functional types (graminoid and non-graminoid emergents, submersed aquatic, floating-leaved aquatic) varied in their growth responses to water depth and harvesting. We tested the effects of water depth (moist soil and flooded) and clipping (unclipped and clipped) on the biomass and longevity of twenty-three dominant plant species of monsoonal wetlands in the Keoladeo National Park, India in a controlled experiment. With respect to total biomass and survival, six species responded positively to flooding and twelve species responded negatively to clipping. Responses to flooding and clipping, however, sometimes interacted. Individualistic responses of species to water levels and clipping regimes were apparent; species within a functional group did not always respond similarly. Therefore, detailed information on the individualistic responses of species may be needed to predict the vegetation composition of post-disturbance wetlands. In particular, as demands for fresh water increase around the world, studies of life history constraints and responses to hydrological changes will aid wetland managers in developing strategies to conserve biodiversity.
Effect of Preform Thickness and Volume Fraction on Injection Pressure and Mechanical Properties of Resin Transfer Molded Composites

An experimental study is performed to characterize the effect of the thickness of random preforms on injection pressure and mechanical properties of resin transfer molded (RTM) parts. Center-gated, disk-shaped parts are molded using two different chopped-strand glass fiber preforms. Both preforms have random microstructure but different planar densities (i.e., different uncompressed layer thicknesses). Tensile strength, short-beam shear strength, and elastic modulus are measured for parts molded with each preform type at three different fiber volume fractions of 6.84, 15.55, and 24.83%. Although mechanical properties are found to increase linearly with volume fraction, significant difference is not observed between disks containing thick and thin mats at equivalent fiber volume fraction. However at the same fiber content, parts molded with thin mats require significantly lower injection pressures compared to parts containing thick mats. To characterize this phenomenon, a pressure-matching method to determine planar permeability is presented. Permeability values for each preform would provide a quantitative description of the required injection pressure due to changes in preform thickness, with lower permeabilities resulting in higher injection pressure. Transient pressure data is collected at a fixed radial location within the mold cavity during filling for both preforms at three different volume fractions. Permeability is obtained by fitting the theoretical pressure equation derived from Darcy's law to the transient pressure data. Permeability values are found to be as much as 227% higher for thin mats compared with thick mats at the same fiber content. The results demonstrate that equivalent mechanical properties can be obtained at lower injection pressures by using thinner random mats.
Qigong as a Mindfulness Practice for Counseling Students A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study explores the effects of qigong, an ancient Chinese mindfulness practice involving movement, on master's-level counseling students. Students responded in writing both after an initial experience of qigong and after practicing the movements for 15 weeks during a mindfulness-based course in self-care. Themes of physical, emotional, and mental changes were present in both sets of responses. Additional themes of familiarity with the practice as well as group consciousness and interdependence emerged in the final experience of qigong. The results of this study indicate qigong is a contemplative practice that could have positive outcomes for counseling students. Because of its accessible nature, immediate results, and ability to foster connectedness, qigong is currently underutilized as a form of teaching mindfulness.
Finding errors automatically in semantically tagged dialogues

We describe a novel method for detecting errors in task-based human-computer (HC) dialogues by automatically deriving them from semantic tags. We examined 27 HC dialogues from the DARPA Communicator air travel domain, comparing user inputs to system responses to look for slot value discrepancies, both automatically and manually. For the automatic method, we labeled the dialogues with semantic tags corresponding to "slots" that would be filled in "frames" in the course of the travel task. We then applied an automatic algorithm to detect errors in the dialogues. The same dialogues were also manually tagged (by a different annotator) to label errors directly. An analysis of the results of the two tagging methods indicates that it may be possible to detect errors automatically in this way, but our method needs further work to reduce the number of false errors detected. Finally, we present a discussion of the differing results from the two tagging methods.
Fatty acid transport and metabolism in HepG2 cells

The mechanism(s) of fatty acid uptake by liver cells is not fully understood. We applied new approaches to address long-standing controversies of fatty acid uptake and to distinguish diffusion and ...
Maternal Thyroid Autoantibodies during the Third Trimester and Hearing Deficits in Children: An Epidemiologic Assessment

Elevated maternal thyroid autoantibodies during pregnancy are linked to infertility, miscarriage, and neurodevelopmental deficits such as in cognitive function. It has not been established whether autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase are associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The authors tested stored third-trimester maternal serum specimens of 1,736 children for thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOaAb) by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The children participated at the Baltimore, Maryland, site of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, which enrolled pregnant women in 1959-1965. An audiology examination was administered to the children at 8 years of age and was used to identify cases of SNHL. Compared with 4.3% of the other children, 22.7% of the children whose mothers had elevated TPOaAb (> or =62.5 IU/ml) had SNHL. The difference was significant after controlling for maternal race, age, and hypothyroidism (exact prevalence odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.4, 23.3). When a lower cutoff of TPOaAb > or =31.25 IU/ml was used, there continued to be an association with SNHL (exact prevalence odds ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 15.6). The direction and magnitude of the association were similar when an alternative case definition of SNHL was used. These data suggest that antenatal exposure to maternal TPOaAb during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with impaired auditory development.
A model of foreshock occurrence

SUMMARY We have constructed a model for the occurrence of foreshocks and foreshock sequences. The foreshocks as well as the main shock are assumed to occur because of the abrupt coalescence of pre-existing cracks. Coalescence occurs if the stress intensity factors at the crack tips exceed a certain critical value. In the sub-critical state each crack undergoes accelerated extension quasi-statically due to stress corrosion, until it reaches the critical state, at which point growth becomes catastrophic. The rate of foreshock occurrence increases as the time of the main shock approaches and is described by a power law function of time. The exponent in the power law is independent of the distributions of crack sizes, spacings and fracture strengths. This universality implies that foreshock patterns should be useful identifiers for the prediction of the occurrence times of large earthquakes. However, we find that there is considerable diversity in the patterns of energy release. Nevertheless, there is some hope that the magnitudes of large earthquakes can be predicted from the magnitudes of the events in the foreshock sequences if one has a priori information describing the distributions of barrier strengths and geometries.
Modeling, Control, and Experimental Validation of a Transient Hydrostatic Dynamometer

Due to its superior power-to-weight ratio, a hydrostatic dynamometer is an ideal candidate for transient engine or powertrain testing. It can load or motor the engine to follow any desired speed and acceleration profiles for real-world applications. Given its high bandwidth, the hydrostatic dynamometer can be further used to emulate the dynamics of hybrid powertrains and, therefore, investigate the interactions between the engine and the hybrid power source in real time. This will greatly expedite the research of various hybrid powertrain architectures and control methodologies, without actually building the complete physical system. This paper presents the design, modeling, tracking control, and experimental investigation of a transient hydrostatic dynamometer. A ninth-order physics-based dynamic model for the dynamometer is formulated and then identified and validated with experimental data. To control the dynamometer to emulate the real-world engine speed/torque profiles, two different nonlinear control strategies are investigated and implemented. First, a nonlinear model-based inversion plus PID control is designed to achieve precise tracking. Then, a state feedback control via feedback linearization is designed and implemented. Experimental results demonstrate precise tracking performance with less than 5% tracking error for both transient and steady-state operations.
Crossover or Mutation

Abstract Genetic algorithms rely on two genetic operators - crossover and mutation. Although there exists a large body of conventional wisdom concerning the roles of crossover and mutation, these roles have not been captured in a theoretical fashion. For example, it has never been theoretically shown that mutation is in some sense “less powerful” than crossover or vice versa. This paper provides some answers to these questions by theoretically demonstrating that there are some important characteristics of each operator that are not captured by the other.
The Use of Personal Value Estimations to Select Images for Preservation in Public Library Digital Community Collections

A considerable amount of information, particularly in image form, is shared on the web through social networking sites. If any of this content is worthy of preservation, who decides what is to be preserved and based on what criteria. This paper explores the potential for public libraries to assume this role of community digital repositories through the creation of digital collections. Thirty public library users and thirty librarians were solicited from the Indianapolis metropolitan area to evaluate five images selected from Flickr in terms of their value to public library digital collections and their worthiness of long-term preservation. Using a seven-point Likert scale, participants assigned a value to each image in terms of its importance to self, family and society. Participants were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their valuations. Public library users and librarians had similar value estimations of the images in the study. This is perhaps the most significant finding of the study, given the importance of collaboration and forming partnerships for building and sustaining community collections and archives.
Nutrition and Metabolic Support in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Where Do We Go From Here?

The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has grown rapidly over the past decade because of improvement in cytoreductive regimens used before transplantation, immunosuppressive agents to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and the supportive care needed to bring patients through the rigors of prolonged pancytopenia. Many of these interventions used in HSCT lead to gastrointestinal symptoms including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Nutrition and metabolic support often are needed for these patients when these symptoms are coupled with weight loss or hypercatabolism. In this issue of NCP, Dr Todd Mattox provides us with a superb review of the literature with information that we all need to know when caring for this challenging group of patients.' With an emphasis on the provision of parenteral nutrition (PN) in HSCT, Dr Mattox provides us with a thorough discussion of when and how to institute nutrition support and what nutrients to provide to maintain nitrogen, energy, and micronutrient balance. He also points out several of the controversial issues that surround nutrition support in HSCT. Pivotal questions that remain unanswered are who is the most appropriate candidate for PN and when should it be started? Recent literature suggests that patients who are given PN immediately after bone marrow transplant (BMT) are able to maintain their weight better than patients who receive IV fluids; however, this is at the expense of a greater incident of clinical infection and bacteremia.'