cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Crystal Structure of Dynein Intermediate Chain-Light Chain Roadblock Complex Gives New Insights into Dynein Assembly

The roadblock/LC7 dynein light chain is a ubiquitous component of all dyneins and is essential for many diverse processes including proper axonal transport and dendrite growth. In addition, LC7 functions in non-dynein transcriptional activation of the transforming growth factor-β complex. Crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster LC7 in the apo form and in complex with a segment of the disordered N-terminal domain of dynein intermediate chain (IC) provide the first definitive identification of the IC sequence recognized by LC7. The site, confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry studies, overlaps the IC sequence considered in the literature to be an IC self-association domain. The IC peptide binds as two amphipathic helices that lie along an extensive hydrophobic cleft on LC7 and ends with a polar side-chain interaction network that includes conserved residues from both proteins. The LC7 recognition sequence on IC and its interface with LC7 are well conserved and are, thus, likely representative of all IC·LC7 structures. Interestingly, the position of bound IC in the IC·LC7 complex mimics a helix that is integrated into the primary structure in distantly related LC7 homologs. The IC·LC7 structure further shows that the naturally occurring roblZ deletion mutation contains the majority of the IC binding site and suggests that promotion of IC binding by phosphorylation of LC7 is an indirect effect.
The Macromolecular Crystallography Facility at the Advanced Light Source

Synchrotron radiation offers several advantages over the use of rotating anode sources for biological crystallography, which allow for the collection of higher-resolution data, substantially more rapid data collection, phasing by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) techniques, and time-resolved experiments using polychromatic radiation (Laue diffraction). The use of synchrotron radiation is often necessary to record useful data from crystals which diffract weakly or have very large unit cells. The high brightness and stability characteristics of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, along with the low emittance and long straight sections to accommodate insertion devices present in third generation synchrotrons like the ALS, lead to several advantages in the field of macromolecular crystallography. We are presently constructing macromolecular Crystallography Facility at the ALS which is optimized for user-friendliness and high-throughput data collection, with advanced capabilities for MAD and Laue experiments. The x rays will be directed to three branchlines. A well-equipped support lab will be available for biochemistry, crystal mounting, and sample storage, as well as computer hardware and software available, along with staff support, allowing for the complete processing of data on site.
The effects of runway roughness on the dynamic response of airplanes

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show the application of the perturbation technique in the study of the random response of a multidegree-of-freedom nonlinear system simulating an airplane moving with constant velocity along a runway whose profile is represented by a stationary random process. Using the pertinent characteristics of a supersonic civil transport being designed in the U.S.A., numerical results are produced for the response of a simplified idealization of the airplane.
Sewage sludge and ammonium concentrations in the New York Bight apex

Abstract Water column ammonium concentrations were determined at several stations at or near the sewage sludge dump site in the New York Bight apex on 30 and 31 July, (1973) and also at several stations located on a perimeter surrounding the dump area. Parachute drogues were used to track the movement of water over a 31-hour period. Within the dump site, ammonium concentrations were patchy and usually increased from surface to bottom with concentrations in the ranges of less than 1 μM and 1–9 μM, respectively. However, at one station that had recently received sludge input, the surface ammonium concentration was over 500 μM and the bottom concentration was about 200 μM. All except two background stations showed no significant vertical variation in ammonium. The observations suggest that sludge dumping increases ammonium content of the water column, but that high levels probably do not persist for long periods.
Comparative effects on RNA polymerase of the whole gar histone and its peptides containing clusters of basic amino acids

Abstract Although the GAR histone itself inhibited the in vitro RNA polymerase system, clusters of basic amino acids isolated from thermolysin digest of calf thymus GAR histone slightly inhibited or stimulated M . leutus and nucleolar RNA polymerase systems. These data indicate that the inhibition of RNA polymerase systems in vitro by the GAR histone is not simply due to a neutralization of the negative charges of the DNA by the positive charges of the histone but may be related to precipitation of rigid, hydrophobic DNA-histone complexes from solution.
Damping, motional narrowing, and chaos in rotational nuclei

We have studied the unresolved {gamma}-ray spectrum of three ytterbium nuclei produced in heavy-ion fusion reactions and measured the two damping widths, {gamma}{sub {mu}}, the spreading (compound-damping) width, and {gamma}{sub rot}, the rotational damping width, together with P{sub nar}, the probability that the population enters and leaves a given state via the same component of the wave function. Our results for {gamma}{sub {mu}} and {gamma}{sub rot} are in good agreement with theoretical expectations, as well as with those of other groups using different methods. Our results for P{sub nar} lead to a new method for quantitative evaluation of the full order-to-chaos transition in these Yb nuclei. Finally, we provide the first evidence for the motional narrowing of {gamma}{sub rot} in nuclei. The basic physics occurring in this region is level mixing, which our simulation technique reproduces surprisingly well.
A few more words about James Tenney: dissonant counterpoint and statistical feedback

This paper discusses a compositional algorithm, important in many of the works of James Tenney, which models a melodic principle known as dissonant counterpoint. The technique synthesizes two apparently disparate musical ideas – dissonant counterpoint and statistical feedback – and has a broad range of applications to music which employs non-deterministic (i.e. randomized) methods. First, we describe the historical context of Tenney's interest in dissonant counterpoint, noting its connection to composer/theorist Charles Ames’ ideas of statistical feedback in computer-aided composition. Next, we describe the algorithm in both intuitive and mathematical terms, and analyse its behaviour and limiting cases via numerical simulations and rigorous proof. Finally, we describe specific examples and generalizations used in Tenney's music, and provide simple computer code for further experimentation.
Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

The study of erythropoiesis aims to understand how red cells are formed from earlier hematopoietic and erythroid progenitors. Specifically, the rate of red cell formation is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin (Epo), whose synthesis is triggered by tissue hypoxia. A threat to adequate tissue oxygenation results in a rapid increase in Epo, driving an increase in erythropoietic rate, a process known as the erythropoietic stress response. The resulting increase in the number of circulating red cells improves tissue oxygen delivery. An efficient erythropoietic stress response is therefore critical to the survival and recovery from physiological and pathological conditions such as high altitude, anemia, hemorrhage, chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. The mouse is a key model for the study of erythropoiesis and its stress response. Mouse definitive (adult-type) erythropoiesis takes place in the fetal liver between embryonic days 12.5 and 15.5, in the neonatal spleen, and in adult spleen and bone marrow. Classical methods of identifying erythroid progenitors in tissue rely on the ability of these cells to give rise to red cell colonies when plated in Epo-containing semi-solid media. Their erythroid precursor progeny are identified based on morphological criteria. Neither of these classical methods allow access to large numbers of differentiation-stage-specific erythroid cells for molecular study. Here we present a flow-cytometric method of identifying and studying differentiation-stage-specific erythroid progenitors and precursors, directly in the context of freshly isolated mouse tissue. The assay relies on the cell-surface markers CD71, Ter119, and on the flow-cytometric 'forward-scatter' parameter, which is a function of cell size. The CD71/Ter119 assay can be used to study erythroid progenitors during their response to erythropoietic stress in vivo, for example, in anemic mice or mice housed in low oxygen conditions. It may also be used to study erythroid progenitors directly in the tissues of genetically modified adult mice or embryos, in order to assess the specific role of the modified molecular pathway in erythropoiesis.
Capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection: Determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate in simulated stream water

SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been quantitatively determined by capillary zone electrophoresis using a fused silica capillary and a 5 mM dihydroxybenzoic acid / sodium hydroxide buffer in 5% methanol solution at a pH of 8.1. The ion was detected by indirect UV absorption at 250 nm. Detection range was from 0.8 to 50 mg SDS/L. This rapid method requiring only small sample volumes was developed in support of an aquatic toxicology study in a simulated stream water and is applicable to waters containing common inorganic ions.
Born to Retire: The Foreshortened Life Course

Retirement is no longer a concern solely for the second half of life. Rather, the idea that we will someday retire is increasingly present to all adults and it is even urged on adolescents. The earliest reaches of adulthood are being colonized by frequent reminders that it takes individual effort to achieve retirement. The changing nature of pensions, the identification of retirement saving with financial markets, the politics of Social Security, the aging baby boom generation, and the interests of a powerful industry and of government are daily compelling people's attention to retirement as a lifelong goal. With retirement as adulthood's great project of deferred gratification, the result could be greater personal readiness to retire but also some ironic outcomes, such as a stronger retirement norm, reluctance to spend on children, and outsized expectations for later life.
VLA Observations of GRB Error Boxes

Very Large Array (VLA) radio observations of precisely-located GRB error boxes have been performed to search for fading and quiescent emission associated with γ-ray bursts. These observations were made as quickly as 23 hours and as late as 13 years after the time of the burst. Our measurements presented here have found GRB error boxes to be empty of sources to the 80 µJy level (λ = 3.6 cm) at 9 months, to 1 mJy (20 cm) at 9 days, and probably to 5 mJy (20 cm) at 23 hours after the bursts.
An impedance measuring and lowering device which does not enlarge micropipette tips

Abstract This report describes a simple circuit which allows rapid measuring and lowering of the impedances of glass micropipettes, without enlarging the pipette tips. Currents of 10–100 nA are used for testing pipette impedances; larger currents, up to 10 μA, are used for impedance lowering. The device imparts no damage to pipettes, and may be constructed for less than $10.
Preparative argentation column chromatography for separation of sterols from orange vesicles

Abstract Gradient elution, argentation column chromatography was found useful for separating desmethyl sterols present in Valencia orange juice sac lipids. The sterols, as acetates, from fractions off argentation column chromatographic columns can be further resolved and analyzed by conventional thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. In addition to the seven sterols previously reported in citrus, ten additional sterols comprising 3.2% of the total sterols have been isolated from citrus from the first time. These have been characterized as three saturated, three mono-unsaturated and four di-unsaturated desmethyl sterols.
Verbal Ability, Quantitative Ability, and the Rod-and-Frame Test:

RFT and SAT Quantitative scores correlated –.39, and RFT-SAT Verbal scores, –.30 for a sample of 81 college women. The direction of the difference between these 2 coefficients was consistent with p...
MEASURES OF VOLTAGE INSTABILITY AND VOLTAGE COLLAPSE, PART II: COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS

Based on the boundary theorems developed in [1], a method of voltage stability analysis referred to as the Eigen-Structure Analysis method, is developed that does not require the complicated nonlinear programming calculations for evaluation of the closest boundary condition corresponding to a given power network operating point with voltage controlled and PQ buses. An algorithm for determining the stability margin and its sensitivity to bus voltages and bus injections is proposed which is capable of handling large scale power systems by utilizing the sparse matrix techniques for saving computation time and memory space. The Eigen-Structure Analysis method is applied to a number of test system models. The simulation results confirm the theory and show that the proposed stability margin decreases monotonically to zero when the system approaches voltage collapse. Simulation results for 30-bus New England Test System are included in this paper.
Correlation between fluorescence intermittency and spectral diffusion in single semiconductor quantum dots

We find a correlation between the dynamics of fluorescence intermittency and spectral diffusion in the spectroscopy of single CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (QD). A statistical analysis of the data suggests two populations of blinking events: blinking followed by large spectral diffusion shifts and blinking with small or no spectral shifts. Although unexpected from earlier studies, the correlation between blinking and spectral shifting is consistent with a model of QD ionization as the mechanism for the blinking event, followed by a redistribution of local electric fields that results in spectral shifting.
A new approach to Ge lasers with low pump power

We present direct bandgap photoluminescence from carrier confinement in Ge/SiGe quantum wells in a microdisk resonator. Based on simulation and experimental results, the Ge/SiGe quantum well structure has great potential to serve as a low pump power Ge laser.
Quantum gravitational dust collapse does not result in a black hole

Abstract Quantum gravity suggests that the paradox recently put forward by Almheiri et al. (AMPS) can be resolved if matter does not undergo continuous collapse to a singularity but condenses on the apparent horizon. One can then expect a quasi-static object to form even after the gravitational field has overcome any degeneracy pressure of the matter fields. We consider dust collapse. If the collapse terminates on the apparent horizon, the Misner–Sharp mass function of the dust ball is predicted and we construct static solutions with no tangential pressure that would represent such a compact object. The collapse wave functions indicate that there will be processes by which energy extraction from the center occurs. These leave behind a negative point mass at the center which contributes to the total energy of the system but has no effect on the energy density of the dust ball. The solutions describe a compact object whose boundary lies outside its Schwarzschild radius and which is hardly distinguishable from a neutron star.
Redefining the Status of Opera: London and Leipzig, 1800-1848

Between about 1750 and 1800, concerts of any significance usually included several numbers from opera, within strictly patterned "miscellaneous" programs. Around 1800, when the political condition of European society was particularly unstable, idealists began to challenge this old order of musical life, calling for a new, "higher" order of programming and musical taste. Distinct musical worlds evolved from this movement. Some concerts focused almost entirely on opera, or on excerpts from old operas, and others abandoned opera altogether. Chamber music and orchestral concerts tended to draw exclusively from repertories comprised of works from the classical era.
On the economics of private money

Abstract The application of laissez-faire to the monetary system is a key ingredient of important proposals for monetary reform, both new and old, that seek to discipline government creation of money through competition. This paper provides an overview of issues to be encountered in the construction of theoretical models of private monetary economies, including consideration of market imperfections that have been hypothesized to arise in these systems. Further, some descriptive history of the less regulated monetary systems of 19th century New York is undertaken, with an emphasis on discussing the nature of market generated banking and monetary institutions in light of these critiques.
Synthesis and structures of a new series of silver-vanadate hybrid solids and their optical and photocatalytic properties.

Three new silver-vanadate hybrid solids, [Ag(bpy)]4V4O12·2H2O (I), [Ag(dpa)]4V4O12·4H2O (II), and Ag4(pzc)2V2O6 (III) (bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine, dpa = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethane, pzc = pyrazinecarboxylate), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction (I, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 11.375(2) A, b = 14.281(4) A, c = 13.598(3) A, β = 91.46(1)°; II, P21/c, Z = 8, a = 13.5748(3) A, b = 15.3372(4) A, c = 14.1854(3) A, β = 114.1410(9)°; III, P1, Z = 2, a = 3.580(1) A, b = 11.839(4) A, c = 19.321(7) A, α = 89.110(7)°, β = 87.719(9)°, γ = 86.243(8)°), thermogravimetric analysis, and UV−vis diffuse reflectance. The structures of I and II are constructed from neutral {Ag4V4O12}n layers of clusters that are pillared via the coordination of organic ligands (bpy for I and dpa for II) to the Ag sites in each layer. Conversely, the structure of III is composed of a three-dimensional {Ag2(pzc)+}n coordination network with channels containing {VO3−}n chains. The lattice water molec...
Sir Kenelm Digby and His Alchemical Circle in 1650s Paris: Newly Discovered Manuscripts

AbstractA significant cache of hitherto unidentified manuscripts of Sir Kenelm Digby (1603–1665) has been discovered in the Bibliotheque Nationale et Universitaire de Strasbourg. These manuscripts comprise over 5000 pages of material. The documents relate almost entirely to metallic transmutation. About half of the material consists of alchemical treatises (most of them unpublished) by earlier authors — many relate to the transmuter Noel Picard, known as Dubois, executed in 1637 — and show Digby's careful comparison of variant readings in order to obtain the best text. The other half contains transcripts from the otherwise lost notebooks of Joseph Du Chesne, Samuel Cottereau Duclos (including several letters from Johann Rudolf Glauber), and others, as well as reports of experiments and processes carried out by a range of informants and by Digby himself. Significantly, these manuscripts bear witness to an important alchemical circle — of which Digby was a part — active in Paris during the 1650s and 1660s. ...
The Material Properties of Bone-Particle Impregnated PMMA

The elastic Young's modulus and shear modulus of bone-particle impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been measured experimentally at room temperature as a function of bone particle concentration. It was found that the moduli increased with increasing bone particle content. This increase was less than the stiffness increase predicted by higher-order composite theory [1, 2] under the assumption of perfect bonding between particles and matrix. It was concluded that a bond existed but that it was not a perfect bond.
Observing the state of non-linear dynamic systems†

In this paper observers which approximately reconstruct state variables of classes of nonlinear systems are presented. The question of convergence of the reconstruction error is examined for special cases. Simulation results of the performance of some non-linear observers are also included.
A Dialogue between the Immune System and Brain, Spoken in the Language of Serotonin

Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been linked to both immune system activation and alterations in serotonin (5-HT) signaling. In the CNS, the contributions of 5-HT modulate a broad range of targets, most notably, hypothalamic, limbic and cortical circuits linked to the control of mood and mood disorders. In the periphery, many are aware of the production and actions of 5-HT in the gut but are unaware that the molecule and its receptors are also present in the immune system where evidence suggests they contribute to the both innate and adaptive responses. In addition, there is clear evidence that the immune system communicates to the brain via both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and that CNS 5-HT neurons are a direct or indirect target for these actions. Following a brief primer on the immune system, we describe our current understanding of the synthesis, release, and actions of 5-HT in modulating immune function, including the expression of 5-HT biosynthetic enzymes, receptors, and transporters that are typically studied with respect to the roles in the CNS. We then orient our presentation to recent findings that pro-inflammatory cytokines can modulate CNS 5-HT signaling, leading to a conceptualization that among the many roles of 5-HT in the body is an integrated physiological and behavioral response to inflammatory events and pathogens. From this perspective, altered 5-HT/immune conversations are likely to contribute to risk for neurobehavioral disorders historically linked to compromised 5-HT function or ameliorated by 5-HT targeted medications, including depression and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism. Our review raises the question as to whether genetic variation impacting 5-HT signaling genes may contribute to maladaptive behavior as much through perturbed immune system modulation as through altered brain mechanisms. Conversely, targeting the immune system for therapeutic development may provide an important opportunity to treat mental illness.
Trachoma in a rural Haitian community

We selected 43 patients, aged 15 days to 57 yesrs, for intensive study after screening 975 people for clinical evidence of trachoma in rural Haiti. Trachoma was present in Haiti with low endemicity and was followed by relatively mild sequelae. Laboratory studies confirmed the disease through demonstration of conjunctival inclusion bodies by immunofluoresence and serotyping of antibody in sera or eye secretions, or both. Of 23 patients (age 1 to 36 years) with active trachoma, all had serum antibody to chlamydia (range 1:10 to 1:640), nine had eye secretion antibody (range 1:10 to 1:1280), and one was inclusion positive. The remaining 20 patients (age 15 days to 57 years) had the following diagnosis: atypical follicles (eight), conjunctivitis with or without mucopurulent discharge (ten) innactive pannus only (one), and severe anemia (one). Only 16 of the 20 were tested for serum antibody and all were positive (1:10 to 1:5,120), 11 of 20 had eye secretion antibody (1:10 to less than or equal to 1:640), and one was inclusion positive. Serotyping attempted on 22 patients yielded 16 patients with antibodies specific for type A, one patient with type B, and five who were not typed.
WE‐A‐BRB‐01: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: (1) Clinical and Biological Findings

Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) has emerged over the past decade as a safe, efficient, and effective method for eradicating discreet extracranial tumor foci. While the most thoroughly studied indication to date is in the management of early stage lungcancer,SBRT can also be used in the treatment of a variety of other primary cancers as well as certain metastatic malignancies. In this portion of the educational session, SBRT will be defined from an operational perspective, and the clinical rationale for the applicaton of SBRT in the most common indications will be reviewed. Example cases will be shown. Additionally, key published clinical outcomes data (tumor control and toxicity rates) will be presented, with interpretations offered regarding the radiobiological implications. Educational Objectives: 1. To present the operational definition of SBRT. 2. To present the clinical rationale for the application of SBRT in the most commonly used indications. 3. To review reported clinical outcomes data for SBRT, with discussion of the practical radiobiological ramifications.
Electro-optic spatial light modulator characterization using Mueller matrix imaging

A series of electro-optic spatial light modulators have been measured with the Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter (MMIP). The MMIP is a dual rotating-retarder polarimeter which illuminates a sample with calibrated polarized states and analytes the existing polarized state over a spatially resolved image of the sample. Images of the retardance magnitude and retardance fast axis orientation reveal the relative electric field strengths in a device with lead- lanthanum-zirconate-titanate modulating material. By measuring Mueller matrix images of the device at several different applied voltages, a quadratic electro-optic coefficient of 2 X 10-16 (m/V)2 was determined in the modulator active regions.
Superchannels for observing meteorological parameters

The AIRS instrument has a large number (2378) of potential channels. For use for observing meteorological parameters, several methods have been proposed and/or used. These include selecting a subset of channels, using eigenvectors, and using "super channels", which are averages of channels which view similar atmospheric features. The channels are selected using a constraint on the wavelength range to be covered, then selecting all the channels that have similar transmittances to be combined in one "super channel". Super channels have a number of features that make them attractive. They use all the information to reduce the noise and are efficient to use since both rapid transmittance models and equivalent Planck functions can be generated. This means that it requires the same effort to calculate the radiance for one super channel as for a single AIRS channel. Super channels and Planck function have been calculated for AIRS instrument and a rapid transmittance model is being used to generate coefficients to allow a rapid calculation of the corresponding transmittances. Results using the super channels compared to measures of the truth from forecast models and radiosondes will be shown.
Pharmacokinetics of triamterene and its metabolite in man

The pharmacokinetic profiles of triamterene and hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester, the major metabolite of triamterene, were studied in six normal male volunteers using a newly developed specific HPLC analytical method. Following a 100 mg oral dose of triamterene, the plasma concentration time course of the sulfate conjugate parallels that of triamterene in all subjects, but concentrations of the metabolite were more than 10 times higher than unchanged triamterene concentrations at identical sampling times. Interestingly, the renal clearance of the sulfate conjugate was less than that of triamterene. These characteristic features of triamterene disposition were fitted to a compartment model incorporating a first-pass metabolic process. Unbound fractions of triamterene and metabolite in plasma were 0.39 and 0.10 (mean of 6 subjects), respectively. The low unbound fraction of the metabolite in plasma most probably accounts for the low renal clearance of the sulfate conjugate as compared with triamterene.
An economic perspective on addiction and matching

Economic models of addiction are choice-based. These models push the choice paradigm too far by modeling addiction as rational, normative behavior. Heyman's target article provides a sensible alternative to this economic approach by emphasizing that addiction is characterized by ambivalence and a perceived loss of self control. However, matching may not be a satisfactory platform on which to build this alternative model. Matching experiments do not provide evidence of ambivalence or perceived loss of self control.
Drosophila Duplication Hotspots Are Associated with Late-Replicating Regions of the Genome

Duplications play a significant role in both extremes of the phenotypic spectrum of newly arising mutations: they can have severe deleterious effects (e.g. duplications underlie a variety of diseases) but can also be highly advantageous. The phenotypic potential of newly arisen duplications has stimulated wide interest in both the mutational and selective processes shaping these variants in the genome. Here we take advantage of the Drosophila simulans–Drosophila melanogaster genetic system to further our understanding of both processes. Regarding mutational processes, the study of two closely related species allows investigation of the potential existence of shared duplication hotspots, and the similarities and differences between the two genomes can be used to dissect its underlying causes. Regarding selection, the difference in the effective population size between the two species can be leveraged to ask questions about the strength of selection acting on different classes of duplications. In this study, we conducted a survey of duplication polymorphisms in 14 different lines of D. simulans using tiling microarrays and combined it with an analogous survey for the D. melanogaster genome. By integrating the two datasets, we identified duplication hotspots conserved between the two species. However, unlike the duplication hotspots identified in mammalian genomes, Drosophila duplication hotspots are not associated with sequences of high sequence identity capable of mediating non-allelic homologous recombination. Instead, Drosophila duplication hotspots are associated with late-replicating regions of the genome, suggesting a link between DNA replication and duplication rates. We also found evidence supporting a higher effectiveness of selection on duplications in D. simulans than in D. melanogaster. This is also true for duplications segregating at high frequency, where we find evidence in D. simulans that a sizeable fraction of these mutations is being driven to fixation by positive selection.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature†

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a growing worldwide health burden.1,2 Specifically, many developing countries have seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of IBD since 1990.2–7 This rise may partially be accounted for by the implementation of improved diagnostic methods and heightened awareness of IBD.1,3 Furthermore, improved access to a cleaner environment and the resulting decreased incidence of common childhood infections may be contributing as well by altering one's susceptibility to certain diseases with an autoimmune component, such as IBD.8,9 Importantly, this suggests a possible protective benefit of microbial infection during childhood. Helicobacter pylori has coexisted with the human race for over 50,000 years.10,11 It is an infection acquired early in childhood, and if not eliminated by antimicrobial therapy, is carried throughout life, producing symptoms in only a minority.12,13 Recent epidemiological data suggests a possible protective benefit of H. pylori colonization against the development of certain diseases with an autoimmune component, such as asthma.14,15 Furthermore, there is emerging laboratory evidence illustrating H. pylori's role in the regulation of the immune system. Specifically, H. pylori has been associated with increased gastric mucosal expression of Foxp3 (a T-regulatory cell marker) and has shown the ability to skew the host immunologic tone away from inflammatory Th1/Th17 responses (Fig. 1).16–21 Finally, IBD is more prevalent in areas with lower rates of H. pylori colonization, such as in the United States.22 In fact, there is a steady rise in the incidence of IBD in H. pylori endemic regions that corresponds to the beginning of anti-H. pylori therapy for peptic ulcer disease.2 Figure 1 A proposed model of H. pylori's effect on host immune regulation. H. pylori, through its interaction with dendritic cells (DC), is able to upregulate regulatory T-cells. This upregulation leads to decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. [Color ... To further investigate the possible association between H. pylori infection and IBD, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relative risk of H. pylori infection in patients with and without IBD. Given the epidemiological and laboratory data previously cited, we hypothesized an inverse relationship between H. pylori infection and IBD.
Existence and Functions of Two Enzymes with β‐Ketoadipate: Succinyl‐CoA Transferase Activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens

This work shows that Pseudomonas fluorescens can synthesize two different inducible enzymes which possess β-ketoadipate: succinyl-CoA transferase activity. Transferase I is operative in the activation of free β-ketoadipic acid and is specifically induced in cells grown either with this acid, or with an aromatic precursor (benzoate) oxidized through the β-ketoadipate pathway. Transferase II is specifically induced in cells grown with saturated dicarboxylic acids of chain length C6 through C10, and its physiological function is that of an adipate: succinyl-CoA transferase; its ability to activate β-ketoadipic acid reflects non-specificity with regard to the CoA acceptor.
Effect of semen extenders on sperm parameters of ram semen during liquid storage at 4 °C

The objectives of this study were to compare the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and objective sperm motility during liquid storage of ram sperm stored in egg yolk, skim milk or soy bean extract based extenders. Five adult rams (2 Dorset Horn and 3 Dorset Horn crossbred) ranging from 24 to 36 months of age, were used in the study. Semen from each ram was divided into 3 aliquots. Aliquots were diluted with either egg yolk, skimmed milk or soybean extract based extenders (10 × 107 sperm per ml), and stored at 4 °C. The DFI and MMP were assessed with the aid of flow cytometry and sperm motility parameters evaluated using the computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) system on days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 of storage. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to perform a repeated measures analysis of covariance, to test for the effects of days of storage (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8), extenders (egg yolk, milk or soy based), and the interactions on the DFI, MMP and the sperm motility parameters. The DFI and MMP performed significantly different between extenders (P < 0.01), and DFI and MMP were significantly different between days of the storage (P < 0.0001). A significant extender × day of storage interaction was recorded for DFI and MMP (P < 0.05). The computer assisted sperm motility parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different between the extenders, except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF). The sperm motility parameters were also significantly different regarding the days of storage (P < 0.05). A significant extender × day of storage interaction was also recorded for all sperm motility parameters (P < 0.05). Generally, the egg yolk and soy based extenders gave better protection to the sperm, compared to the milk based extender during liquid storage. The soy based extender appeared to be an appropriate substitute for semen extenders prepared from animal sources, especially as there exists a concern regarding microbial contamination of products (milk and egg yolk), from animal origin.
Remnance of Form: Interactive Narratives through Unexpected Behaviors of a Shadow

Remnance of Form is an interactive installation that explores the dynamic tension between an object and its shadow. By fusing light, projection, and motion technologies, the shadow can now detach itself from its former role. This creates a new narrative that challenges our perception of reality, what's real and what's not. Through several playful vignettes, the shadow interacts with viewers' presence, body posture, and their manipulation of the light source creating the shadow.
Subtype-selective Noncompetitive or Competitive Inhibition of Human α1-Adrenergic Receptors by ρ-TIA

The 19-amino acid conopeptide (rho-TIA) was shown previously to antagonize noncompetitively alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Because this is the first peptide ligand for these receptors, we compared its interactions with the three recombinant human alpha(1)-AR subtypes (alpha(1A), alpha(1B), and alpha(1D)). Radioligand binding assays showed that rho-TIA was 10-fold selective for human alpha(1B)-over alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-ARs. As observed with hamster alpha(1B)-ARs, rho-TIA decreased the number of binding sites (B(max)) for human alpha(1B)-ARs without changing affinity (K(D)), and this inhibition was unaffected by the length of incubation but was reversed by washing. However, rho-TIA had opposite effects at human alpha(1A)-ARs and alpha(1D)-ARs, decreasing K(D) without changing B(max), suggesting it acts competitively at these subtypes. rho-TIA reduced maximal NE-stimulated [(3)H]inositol phosphate formation in HEK293 cells expressing human alpha(1B)-ARs but competitively inhibited responses in cells expressing alpha(1A)- or alpha(1D)-ARs. Truncation mutants showed that the amino-terminal domains of alpha(1B)- or alpha(1D)-ARs are not involved in interaction with rho-TIA. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of rho-TIA showed F18A had an increased selectivity for alpha(1B)-ARs, and F18N also increased subtype selectivity. I8A had a slightly reduced potency at alpha(1B)-ARs and was found to be a competitive, rather than noncompetitive, inhibitor in both radioligand and functional assays. Thus rho-TIA noncompetitively inhibits alpha(1B)-ARs but competitively inhibits the other two subtypes, and this selectivity can be increased by mutation. These differential interactions do not involve the receptor amino termini and are not because of the charged nature of the peptide, and isoleucine 8 is critical for its noncompetitive inhibition at alpha(1B)-ARs.
A New Angle on the U.S. Military’s Emphasis on Developing Cross-Cultural Competence: Connecting In-Ranks’ Cultural Diversity to Cross-Cultural Competence

This article forwards a novel approach regarding the U.S. military’s growing focus on building cross-cultural competence. This piece argues that a link exists between the armed forces’ internal cultural diversity issues and the military’s objective to heighten its ability to work effectively in foreign cultures. Cross-cultural competence means the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral repertoire and skill sets that military members require to accomplish all given tasks and missions involving cultural diversity. Despite the military’s noteworthy historic progress in the area of building a diverse and cohesive force, it possesses some ongoing cultural diversity problems. The article examines three concerns within the ranks of the U.S. military: signs of religious intolerance, some ongoing resistance toward women service members, and antihomosexual attitudes and conduct. This piece explores these concerns and also argues that ameliorating these cultural diversity issues will contribute to building cross-cultu...
SU‐DD‐A3‐06: The Impact of Probe Angle and Tissue Elastic Module in Ultrasound‐Guided Prostate IMRT

Purpose: An integrated ultrasound and CT‐Sim system can be used to assist the daily setup of prostate IMRT patient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of probe angle and the tissue elastic module on the displacement of prostate during ultrasound localization using Finite Element Method(FEM).Method and Materials: An ultrasound localization system (Resonant Medical System, Montreal, Canada) integrated with a CT‐Sim was used to obtain a full set of 3‐D ultrasound (US)‐CT images. The patients' anatomical structures, such bone, bladder, and prostate, were contoured on the CTimages by radiation oncologists. The ultrasound probe was positioned at 1cm inferior to bladder superior boundary. A 3D finite element model was generated for each of the patient. The corresponding displacement of prostate during ultrasound localization was calculated by FEM software (Ansys). Results: Under normal tissue elastic module (body (E=15kPa), bone (E=10GPa), bladder wall (E=300kPa), prostate (E=100kPa), and probe (E=3GPa)), when the angle of ultrasound probe increased from 10 to 60 degree to vertical plane with 2cm compression of ultrasound probe, the total displacement of prostate was 0.46∼0.6mm (0.43∼0.54mm inferior, 0.15∼0.25mm posterior). When the elastic module of bladder wall changed from 50kPa to 1MPa with the probe angle of 45 degree, the total displacement of prostate was increased from 0.26mm to 0.76mm (0.23 to 0.68mm inferior, 0.1 to 0.32mm posterior). There was almost no left and right displacement during compression. Conclusion: For the displacement of prostate, there was no significant dependent on the probe angle and limited dependent on the tissue elastic module. With proper controlled compression, the total prostate displacement can be limited within 2mm. This displacement can be corrected by FEM calculation.
Venous pistol shot sounds

Abstract Systolic venous pulsations in two patients with tricuspid insufficiency were accompanied by a single loud sound heard in the neck and in the groin. In one of the patients, the sound in the groin was followed by a short rumbling murmur. Pressure tracings revealed that the sounds occurred at the moment of rapid rise in pressure in the underlying vein. In the groin the sound lagged behind the onset of rise in femoral arterial pressure; hence, the sound arose in the vein and not in the artery. Venous sounds may be produced by a rapid rise of venous pressure due to either atrial or ventricular systole. Systolic sounds occurring in tricuspid insufficiency may be termed “venous pistol shot sounds” and should be differentiated from the more frequently encountered pistol shot sounds of arterial origin.
Revascularization of the periodontium after tooth grafting in monkeys.

In replanted and homo transplanted teeth a vascular network developed in the blood clot between the two parts of the torn periodontium, which allowed the grafted ligament to regain its vascularity. When dentoalveolar ankylosis developed, the periodontal vasculature was split into a number of vascular clusters. In homotransplants, a definite cellular immunologic response by the host was absent. An acrylic radicular obturator was used.
Associations between changes in normal personality traits and borderline personality disorder symptoms over 16 years

There has been significant movement toward conceptualizing borderline personality disorder (BPD) with normal personality traits. However, 1 critical assumption underlying this transition, that longitudinal trajectories of BPD symptoms and normal traits track together, has not been tested. We evaluated the prospective longitudinal associations of changes in Five-Factor Model traits and BPD symptoms over the course of 16 years using parallel process latent growth curve models in 362 patients with BPD (n = 290) or other PDs (n = 72). Moderate to strong cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were observed between BPD symptoms and Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. This study is the first to demonstrate a longitudinal link between changes in BPD symptoms and changes in traits over an extended interval in a clinical sample. These findings imply that changes in BPD symptoms occur in concert with changes in normal traits, and support the proposed transition to conceptualizing BPD, at least in part, with trait dimensions.
Opioid receptor mediation of the hypothermic response to caffeine.

Abstract Caffeine and other methylxanthines induce a dose-dependent reduction in core body temperature in mice. These experiments investigated the effects of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator antagonists on caffeine-induced hypothermia. Pretreatment with the α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist, atipamezole; the β-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol; the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol; or the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil had no intrinsic effects on core body temperature nor did they interact significantly with the hypothermic effects of caffeine. The α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin and the 5-HT receptor antagonist, metergoline significantly enhanced the hypothermic effects of caffeine, probably involving a combined effect with their intrinsic hypothermic actions. Pretreatment with the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone (3 mg/kg i.p.), had no intrinsic effect on core body temperature but attenuated the hypothermic effect of caffeine reflected in a parallel shift to the right in the caffeine dose-effect curve. The naloxone-induced attenuation of the hypothermic effects of caffeine was also seen to be dose-dependent. The results reveal that opiate receptors (but not adrenoceptors, 5-HT, dopamine or benzodiazepine receptors) may play a role in modulating the hypothermic action of caffeine and possibly other methylxanthines.
Discrepancies between Viscosity Data for Simple Gases.

Dilute gas viscosity coefficient data evaluated for simple gases above room temperature, discussing correctness and experimental discrepancies
Modified lattice‐statics approach to dislocation calculations. II. Application

The atomic structure of a 〈110〉 screw dislocation core in aluminum is calculated by the modified lattice‐statics method developed in the preceding paper. The method includes anharmonic as well as harmonic forces and permits relaxation of the atoms in all three dimensions. All forces used in the present calculations were derived from a first‐principles interatomic pair potential obtained via pseudopotential theory. Several significant differences from the ordinary lattice statics results are noted, including the displacement field, Peierl’s energy barrier, and the equilibrium core‐center location.
Bromide and fluoride toxicities in the chick.

Abstract THE relationship of minerals to toxic levels of fluoride has been studied largely with the rat. Lawrenz and Mitchell (1941) and Weddle and Muhler (1954) demonstrated that an increase in calcium content of the diet at a constant phosphorus level produced a depression in total retention of fluoride in growing rats. With chicks, Bixler and Muhler (1960) found that an increase in dietary fat enhanced fluoride retention. Borgotti (1947) reported that daily administration of 140 mg. of sodium bromide per kg. body weight subcutaneously had no effect on body weight gain of chicks; however, arrested testes development was noted with no modification of the secondary sex characteristics. In this report, some effects of dietary fat, calcium, and bromide on fluoride toxicity in chicks are represented. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Four experiments were conducted using New Hampshire × Delaware chicks for an experimental period of four weeks. Two to four lots of 10…
Factors and Networks that Underpin Early Hematopoiesis

Multiple trajectories have recently been described through which hematopoietic progenitor cells travel prior to becoming lineage-committed effectors. A wide spectrum of transcription factors has recently been identified that modulate developmental progression along such trajectories. Here we describe how distinct families of transcription factors act and are linked together to orchestrate early hematopoiesis.