cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulfide Mineral Precipitation from Hydrothermal Fluids

Sulfide minerals precipitate from hydrothermal solution where their constituent metals and sulfide are more stable residing in the solid than in aqueous solution. An understanding of how and why sulfide minerals precipitate means understanding what chemical species hold metals and sulfide in solution, and what fundamental chemical and physical processes may liberate those reactants to precipitate in solids–processes such as pH increase, chemical reduction, dilution or cooling. In the natural setting, the fundamental chemical and physical drivers of sulfide precipitation are a response to a wide range of processes. For example, pH increases where acidic hydrothermal fluids react with feldspars or carbonates in wall rocks, or where a hydrothermal fluid boils out CO2 to the gas phase. The pH also increases where a brine is diluted by fresh water while maintaining equilibrium with a silicate wall-rock assemblage. Cooling follows from isoenthalpic boiling, which is caused by pressure drop as a fluid ascends in a hydrothermal system. Cooling also results from dilution by cold water or from heat conduction into cold wall rocks. Chemical reduction occurs where an oxidized fluid reacts with carbon or methane or ferrous iron. In this chapter, we explore the fundamental chemical and physical processes that drive sulfide mineral dissolution and precipitation as well as a limited set of more complex processes that control the fundamental drivers. The basic goal is to understand the chemistry of the simplest processes so as to improve our ability to deduce what actually happens in the natural world. Our basic approach is to run thermodynamic calculations of whole-system models of the processes causing sulfide precipitation and dissolution—models that take into account simultaneous equilibria involving assemblages of minerals at chemical equilibrium among themselves and with hundreds of aqueous species. We then interpret the models in terms of fundamental effects of pH …
Physicochemical studies on the minicircular DNA in Escherichia coli 15.

Abstract The properties of the minute circular plasmid DNA that occurs in Escherichia coli 15 have been studied. Its weight average length is 0.670 μ, corresponding to a molecular weight of 1.47·10 6 . Dimers and higher integral multimeric forms are found in plasmid DNA preparations from Escherichia coli 15 wild type. These species amount to about 5% by number of the total plasmid molecules. Renaturation kinetics measurements show that all of the approx. 15 plasmids in a bacterium contain the same base sequences. Two presumed replicating species, the σ form and the θ form, of the minicircular DNA are observed in electron micrographs of cell lysates.
Planar Richtmyer-Meshkov Instabilities and Transition

A numerical study of the evolution of the multimode planar Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability in a light-heavy (Air-SF6, Atwood number A = 0.67) configuration involving a Mach number Ma = 1.5 shock is carried out. Our results demonstrate that the initial material interface morphology controls the evolution RM characteristics, and provide a significant basis to develop metrics for transition to turbulence. Depending on the initial rms slope of the interface, RM evolves into linear or nonlinear regimes, with distinctly different flow features and growth rates, turbulence statistics and material mixing rates. We have called this the bipolar behavior of the RM instability. We demonstrate an important practical consequence of our results: reshock effects on mixing and transition can be emulated at first shock if the initial rms slope is high enough.
Gas sensing based on surface oxidation/reduction of platinum-titania thin films I. Sensing film activation and characterization

Abstract Thin Pt TiO 2−x sensing films are characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to investigate the mechanism of resistance decreases measured in situ on exposure to hydrogen and propylene. The Pt TiO 2−x films are prepared by oxidizing 65 A Pt 65 A Ti films in 10−6 mbar O2 at 800 to 900 K. The gas sensitivity of the films arises with activation that consists of a reduction step at 750 K followed by a final oxidation treatment at 900 K. Changes in the film stoichiometry during each of the pretreatment and activation steps can be clearly detected with XPS. The onset of gas sensitivity is attributed to oxidation of the titanium metal and the formation of a discontinuous film structure which is revealed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of activated Pt TiO 2−x sensing films. Resistance decreases in the 1 to 10% range are observed for these films following hydrogen or propylene exposure in the 10−6 to 10−2 mbar range at T ≤ 700 K. Larger resistance decreases are observed with increasing reducing gas pressure. The resistance decreases are caused by surface reduction at T ≤ 700 K with increasing involvement of the sub-surface and bulk oxygen with increasing temperature. UPS measurements indicate that resistance decreases due to reducing gas exposure at film temperatures ≤ 700 K can be correlated with decreases in the surface oxygen concentration too small to be observed by XPS.
The relationship between social network characteristics and breast cancer screening practices among employed women.

This study examined the relationship between social network characteristics and breast cancer screening practices among employed women. We hypothesized that larger social networks, higher levels of support from networks, and stronger social influences to undergo screening would be positively associated with regular utilization of mammograms and clinical breast examinations. Data were collected from women aged 52 and over who were employed in 27 worksites (N=1,045). Social network characteristics, breast cancer screening practices, and sociodemographic factors were assessed in a self-administered survey. Bivariate analyses revealed that social influences were significantly associated with regular screening; social support was only marginally associated with regular screening; and social network size was not at all associated. In multivariate analyses, only the perception that screening is normative among one’s peers was predictive of regular screening. Provider recommendation was the single most potent predictor of regular screening. These findings provide support for the importance of social norms in motivating women to adhere to screening guidelines. In addition, they underscore the potent impact of provider recommendations on women’s screening practices.
Comparison of the weights of suprarenals of dogs in oestrus, pregnancy and lactation

Comparisons have been made of the weights of the suprarenals of 525 mature female dogs in dioestrus, oestrus, pregnancy and lactation. Tables and graphs show that there was a slight increase in the size of the suprarenals during oestrus. There was hypertrophy of both the cortex and the medulla in the oestrous dogs. Only slight increase was shown in the weights of the glands of pregnant animals when the net body weight was considered and no increase when the total body weight was used in the study. There was no hypertrophy of the glands of lactating animals. There was only a slight variation in the seasonal occurrence of oestrus. From 34 to 37% of the total numbers of mature females examined in the seasons were found to be in oestrus. From 13 to 16% of the total numbers were found to be pregnant.
Effects of Calibration Factors and Intensity Dependent Non-linearity on Functional Photoacoustic Microscopy

Functional photoacoustic microscopy is a valuable tool in quantifying hemoglobin oxygenation within single vessels. In several functional studies with this tool, quantitative sO2 measurements were taken both in vitro and in vivo. Although in vitro measurements of sO 2 showed high agreement with expected values from premade samples, in practice, in vivo measurements were less accurate. The reported values of 70%-100% sO 2 in the arteries present large deviations from the expected range of 95-100%. Several factors, such as fluence wavelength dependence, optical wavelength range, and transducer central frequency have been suggested and investigated in order to understand these discrepancies. Despite additional knowledge of systematic errors arising from such factors, measuring the absolute value of sO 2 in vivo remains a challenge. All previous studies assumed linear dependence of the photoacoustic signal on absorption and used the linear least squares model. However, several factors, such as wavelength calibration errors, photodiode-wavelength dependence, and intensity dependent non-linearity, all of which may have a significant effect on the final calculation, have not been investigated. Here we evaluate both in vitro and in vivo the effects on sO 2 measurements of photodiode wavelength dependence, laser wavelength accuracy, and intensity dependent absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. We show that these factors may contribute significantly to the deviations in sO 2 calculations in vivo.
An Empirical Examination of the Statutory Characteristics and Effects of Highway and Transportation Commissions on DOT Capital Management Capacity

A majority of the states have created, by statute, some type of external body (such as a board or commissions) to oversee their departments of transportation (DOTs). The focus of this research is on two types of commissions: highway-only commissions and multimodal transportation commissions. We review the authorizing statutes that establish these boards and commissions to identify their statutorily defined membership characteristics and roles. We then empirically estimate the possible contribution of commissions'statutory characteristics to a measure of DOT capital and infrastructure management capacity taken from the Government Performance Project. The findings suggest that commissions are designed to promote the general interest in the efficient allocation of transportation resources. They also suggest that large commissions may improve management capacity by fostering more open discussion. There were no significant differences between highway-only and multimodal transportation commissions.
Erb's palsy and fetal bruising after external cephalic version: Case report

An unusual fetal complication, Erb's palsy and fetal bruising, after successful external cephalic version is reported. Importance of fetal weight estimation prior to the attempts to perform a version is stressed.
Infantile handling and adult visual stimulus-seeking behavior in mice.

Western Warhington Univmsiiy Sttmmary.-Experimental mice were handled daily from birth to weaning, whereas, the control animals were not disturbed. At adulthood the animals were tested on two consecutive trials for visual stimulus-seeking behavior in a Greekcross maze with black, white, striped, and squared arms. Two measures were taken, frequency of entrance into each compartment, and a 10-sec. time sampling of each animal's location during each 180-sec. trial. A significant effect for compartment for both the handled and nonhandled groups was noted for frequency of entrance and a significant preference for the visually complex comparunents for the handled animals over controls. Early handling probably results in significant stimulus-seeking behavior for visually complex environments. Fiske and Maddi ( 1961) have theorized that one of the effects of infantile experience would be to raise the level of activation in adult animals so that they will seek greater stimulation within the environment. DeNelsky and Denenberg ( 1967) have tested this theory and report that as the degree of visual stimulus variation and illumination levels increased, both the activity and time scores of handled rats increased, while the scores for the nonhandled control animals were depressed. The present experiment was designed as a repetition of the DeNelsky and Denenberg experiments and to test the hypothesis that handling mice in infancy affects their adult stimulus-seeking behavior in an environment of various visual complexities. METHOD The 20 male mice were randomly selected from eight litters of the Swiss Webster strain (ms musculis). Pregnant female mice were housed individually before parturition. Wood chip shavings covered the removable tray floors, and were not changed during the preweaning period. Temperature of 25 f 1°C and lighting from 10 P.M. to 10 A.M. were maintained. During early handling eight metal cans, measuring 17 cm in height and 16 cm in diameter, were used. The cans were filled with 3 cm of wood shavings and the temperature within the cans was 23 -L 1°C. For adult testing the apparatus was a Greek-cross mate constructed from plywood with 33 un long, 25 cm wide and 48 cm high arms (Thompson & Lippman, 1972). The floor was painted gray with a line drawn at the entrance of each arm. The walls of one arm were painted flat black and the opposite arm walls flat white. One arm was painted with 45' angle alternating 2.5-cm black and white stripes and the opposite arm was painted with 2.5-cm square black and white checks. The re
Enhancing process control education with the Control Station training simulator

A process control training simulator can enhance learning by integrating the theoretical abstraction of textbooks with the tactile nature of the lab and plant. The primary objective of a training simulator is education. It can motivate, help with visualization, and provide hands-on practice and experience. This article explores the use and benefits of the Control Station training simulator for process control education. Examples presented illustrate how the standard curriculum can be enhanced with a series of hands-on exercises and study projects. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 7: 203–212, 1999
Factors influencing the flocculation of colloidal particles by a model anionic polyelectrolyte

The flocculation of charged colloidal particles by oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is investigated, using as a model system, positively charged latex microspheres and negatively charged single-stranded DNA of varying chain length from 3-mers up through 1400-mers. For DNA molecules with chain lengths of eight or more monomers there is a single polymer mass (0.1 μg ml−1) which neutralizes the particle surface charge and destabilizes the particle suspension in the presence of 0.005 M NaCl at a particle concentration of 1.47 × 1010 particles per ml. The coagulation kinetics at this optimum polymer dose are diffusion-limited, even for the largest polymer tested. Hence, the electrostatic “patch” model for the flocculation of negatively charged particles by cationic polymers proposed by Gregory (Gregory, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 42 (1973) 448; 55 (1976) 35) does not apply to our system. The mechanism responsible for polymer flocculation in a given system appears to depend upon the relative spacing of charged groups on the polymer backbone and particle surface, the size and inherent flexibility of the polymer in question, and the nature of the initial polymer-particle interaction.
Mean arterial blood pressure while awaiting kidney transplantation is associated with the risk of primary nonfunction.

Background Primary nonfunction (PNF) is a devastating outcome after kidney transplantation and is more common with kidneys from donors without a heartbeat or expanded criteria donors, or both. We investigated recipient-based risk factors for PNF independent of organ donor source. Methods We used a case-control study design and matched for the source of organ and year of transplantation; for each recipient with PNF, two recipients without PNF (controls) were randomly selected. We identified 20 PNF cases and 40 controls from our pool of 993 kidney transplant recipients who all received their transplants at our center between 2003 and 2008. The association between PNF and immune risk factors and blood pressure (BP) levels during the 3 months before transplantation was analyzed. Results Among the factors analyzed, the mean systolic BP (P=0.003, Wilcoxon test), diastolic BP (P=0.02), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P=0.006) during the 3 months before transplantation were significantly lower in the PNF cases compared with the controls without PNF. In a multivariable model, only MAP remained as a significant risk factor for PNF and each 10 mm Hg decrease in MAP was associated with a 43% increased odds for PNF (P=0.01). The odds ratio for PNF in those with MAP less than or equal to 80 mm Hg was 4.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.41-13.2, P=0.008), compared with the group with MAP more than 100 mm Hg. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that the average MAP less than or equal to 80 mm Hg during the 3 months before kidney transplantation is a risk factor for PNF.
A history of adjunctive glucocorticoid treatment for pediatric sepsis: moving beyond steroid pulp fiction toward evidence-based medicine.

OBJECTIVES To review the history of clinical use of corticosteroids with particular reference to adjunctive therapy for severe pediatric sepsis and, in this context, to provide an overview of what is known, what is not known, and what research questions are particularly relevant at this time. DATA SOURCE Literature review using PubMed, cross-referenced article citations, and the Internet. CONCLUSIONS The history of corticosteroid use in clinical medicine has been colorful, noisy, and always controversial. Therapeutic corticosteroid indications that initially seemed rational have frequently been refuted on closer, rigorous clinical trial inspection. Although it may be prudent to provide stress-dose steroids to children with septic shock who are clinically at risk for adrenal insufficiency (chronic or recent steroid use, purpura fulminans, etomidate or ketoconazole administration, hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal disease), the safety and efficacy of stress-dose steroids as general adjunctive therapy for pediatric septic shock have not been established. Glucocorticoid administration does add potential risk to critically ill children. In particular, although adjunctive corticosteroids may hasten resolution of unstable hemodynamics in septic shock, this may occur at the metabolic cost of hyperglycemia. Clinical practice that fosters innovative therapy (off-label use) over research probably represents bad medical and social policy. Accordingly, pediatric critical care researchers have a responsibility to generate pediatric-specific evidence-based medicine for adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for severe sepsis in children.
Airborne laser fluorosensor survey of the Columbia and Snake rivers: simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll, dissolved organics and optical attenuation

Abstract An airborne laser fluorosensor has been used to make concurrent, near-continuous (microscale) profiles of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the beam attenuation coefficient along the Columbia and Snake rivers. Cross-reference between profiles is used to expose anomalies and explain ambiguities encountered in their interpretation. The unique potential for remote sensing of DOC concentrations is based on a strong correlation with the fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Similarly, the reciprocal of the remotely sensed water Raman emission is shown to be a reliable predictor of the beam attenuation coefficient. Profiles of a 734 km segment of the lower Snake and Columbia rivers obtained during peak discharge revealed a number of interesting features. In particular, the chlorophyll-a fluorescence data suggested the existence of subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima in the reservoirs formed by the eight dams of the Columbia-Snake Inland Waterway, and the absence of variability in ...
Characterizing the Effect of Domain Distance in Design-by-Analogy

Design-by-analogy is a powerful tool to generate novel ideas. The present work explores the use of distant-domain analogies. Analogies from distant domains have a greater potential to lead to innovative solutions. This study hypothesizes that distant domain analogies lead to more abstraction resulting in more creative designs. This was evaluated with a between-subjects experiment where 17 engineering students were presented a predetermined set of analogues then asked to solve a design problem. The analogues contained two sets of analogies: one from the problem domain and one from a domain of varying distance. It was observed that although designers deemed analogies from more distant domains as ‘less useful’ and solutions generated using more distant domains ‘less effective’ and ‘less practical’, an analysis of participant’s solutions found distant domains to be at least as useful as close domains. These trends warrant future experimentation with an increased sample size.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Effect of Exchangeable Cation on X-ray Diffraction Patterns and Thermal Behavior of a Montmorillonite Clay

A stratum of bentonite in the North Park (?) formation near Granby, Colorado, is composed largely of a dioctahedral Ca-rnontmorillonite whose formula is calculated to be $$\left( {A{l_{2.84}}F{e_{0.50}}M{g_{0.72}}M{n_{0.04}}} \right)\left( {\mathop {A{l_{0.40}}S{i_{7.60}}}\limits^{\mathop \uparrow \limits^{{X_{0.86}}} } } \right){O_{20}}{\left( {OH} \right)_4}.$$ Na+, K+, Li+, H+, NH4+, Ca++, and Mg++ modifications were stored at 52 percent relative humidity and at 105° C-110° C. Results of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal, and thermal balance analysis depend upon the exchangeable cation and prior treatment. As with many montmorillonoids, d(001) = 22.7−30.1 A under room conditions; ao = 5.20 A and b0= 9.00 A. The (001 ) interference indicates that the unit cell typically includes two packets, or possibly more, which may be derived geometrically from each other by a glide of 1.73 A along (110) and 180° rotation. Weight loss above 190° C-3670 C exceeds that indicated by the Hofmann structure but conforms reasonably with loss indicated by a structure after that proposed by Edelman. Inverted Si-O tetrahedra are presumed to equal the number of univalent cations It is suggested that the exchangeable cations form hydroxides during thermal analysis by reaction with (OH)− at the apex of inverted Si-0 tetrahedra. The resulting H2O and NH4OH are lost during thermal analysis, thus explaining excessive weight loss. Ca (OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 so produced release one mole of H2O during thermal analysis. KOH, NaOH, and LiOH are not decomposed below 1,000° C. Thermal products vary with exchangeable cation and crystallinity increases with prior drying. The Li+ and Ca++ modifications produce beta-quartz and alpha-cristobalite with spinel and glass, whereas the other modifications produce only spinel and glass.
The Pharmacological Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has only recently been possible with the discovery of the HIV life cycle and antiretroviral agents. Reverse transcriptase, a unique enzyme carried by retroviruses, allows viral RNA to be copied to DNA. The elucidation of the life cycle in 1984 and the discovery of zidovudine's effectiveness against HIV in 1985 has offered options for people with HIV infection. Zidovudine (Retrovir; Burroughs Wellcome; Research Triangle, NC), originally known as azidothymidine, is indicated in adult patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV infection with CD4 cell counts less than 500. Doses of 200 mg every 4 hours for 1 month, then 100 mg every 4 hours are recommended. Zidovudine is also indicated for use in children older than 3 months with advance symptomatic HIV disease. A dose of 180 mg/M2 every 6 hours of zidovudine is recommended. Even at low doses, zidovudine is not without toxicity. Acute symptoms of headache or nausea may affect up to 50% of patients ...
Spontaneous inhibitors of factor VIII: Kinetics of inactivation of human and porcine factor VIII

Autoantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII)(spontaneous inhibitors) often inactivate FVIII in a complex fashion (type II inhibitors) as compared with alloantibodies (hemophilic inhibitors), which usually demonstrate second-order reaction kinetics (type I inhibitors). The infusion of porcine FVIII in patients with spontaneous inhibitors may give rise to anti-porcine FVIII antibodies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these were type I or type II inhibitors. Plasma from 8 patients with spontaneous inhibitors and 6 patients with hemophilia with inhibitors were studied. Equal volumes of patient plasma and either pooled normal human plasma or porcine FVIII (Hyate-C) were incubated at 37 degrees C for 90 minutes. Aliquots were removed immediately after mixing and at 30-minute intervals and assayed for FVIII by using a two-stage method. The values for residual FVIII were log-transformed and plotted against the time of incubation, and the resultant curves were analyzed for goodness of fit (coefficient of determination, r2) by using linear and exponential equations. The values were examined by paired t tests; P values were two-tailed. Values are expressed as mean +/- SD. The titers of spontaneous inhibitors against human FVIII ranged from 2.6 to 416 Bethesda Units (BU), and those against porcine FVIII ranged from 0.7 to 47 BU. Samples were diluted so that the FVIII levels in the mixtures before incubation were similar: human, 0.44 U/ml; porcine, 0.47 U/ml; P = not significant. Four of the 8 patients with spontaneous inhibitors inactivated human FVIII in a fashion consistent with complex kinetics; their r2 values with the linear equation were less than 0.90. All r2 values improved when the exponential equation was used (linear, 0.90 +/- 0.08; exponential, 0.92 +/- 0.06; P = .007). In contrast, r2 values with porcine FVIII were the same (0.94) with either the linear or the exponential equation (P = not significant). r2 for the 6 hemophilic inhibitors showed no significant difference between the linear and exponential equations; the values were 0.99 with human FVIII and 0.95 with porcine FVIII. In non-hemophilic patients, antibodies developing to porcine FVIII have kinetics of inhibition that are second order (type I), even though antibodies to human FVIII in these same patients may have complex (type II) kinetics.
The Past, Present, and Future of Electronically-Steerable Phased Arrays in Defense Applications

This paper will present a study of past issues associated with electronically-steerable phased array antenna systems and methods employed to overcome these issues. It will discuss the current state-of-the-art in these type systems and the benefits to defense applications that have resulted as these technologies have matured. It will conclude with a discussion of barriers and problems that still exist - inhibiting a full integration of phased array technologies in military communication systems, fire control and illumination radar systems, and missile seeker systems. The many benefits and high performance of these systems have caught the eye of many possible users and it is important to quickly deliver to the soldier these advanced technologies. Thus quick, solid technology maturation and problem solving is a must. An example of the barriers that will be explored in depth include the use of MEMS as a low-loss phasing network solution, strap-down guidance issues, radome problems, fabrication and integration issues and heat dissipation techniques. Possible solutions to the barriers discussed will be presented and explored and future directions in phased array technology development will be proposed.
Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in early adolescents

The high degree of comorbidity among mental disorders has generated interest in identifying transdiagnostic processes associated with multiple types of psychopathology. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema conceptualized rumination as one such transdiagnostic process associated with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, binge eating, and self-injurious behavior. The degree to which rumination accounts for the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, however, has never been tested. We used a sample of early adolescents (N = 1,065) assessed at 3 time points spanning 7 months to examine (a) the reciprocal prospective associations between rumination and aggressive behavior in adolescents, (b) whether rumination explained the longitudinal associations of aggressive behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms, and (c) gender differences in these associations. Rumination predicted increases over time in aggressive behavior, and aggression was associated with increases in rumination over time only for boys. Rumination fully mediated the longitudinal association of aggression with subsequent anxiety symptoms and of both depression and anxiety symptoms with subsequent aggression in boys but not girls. Rumination did not explain the association between aggression and subsequent depressive symptoms for either boys or girls. These findings provide novel evidence for the role of rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing and externalizing symptoms among males during early adolescence. Interventions aimed at reducing rumination may have beneficial influences on multiple forms of psychopathology and on the development of comorbidity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
Analysis of fiber debonding and sliding experiments in brittle matrix composites

Abstract The use of a recent analysis of fiber debonding and sliding in brittle matrix composites to interpret the results of fiber pulling and pushing experiments is examined. The stress-displacement relations are expressed in normalized forms that are convenient for curve fitting to experimental measurements and the analysis is extended to provide stress-displacement relations for cyclic loading in addition to monotonic loading. The ranges of some of the important elastic parameters and their influence on the stress-displacement relations are examined. Differences between single and multiple fiber pulling and between pushing and pulling experiments are assessed.
v-Src and EJ Ras alleviate repression of c-Jun by a cell-specific inhibitor.

THE AP-1 family of transcription factors, which includes the proto-oncogene products c-Jun and c-Fos1, controls the stimulation of cellular genes by growth factors and the expression of oncogenes, including src and ras2–8. Transcriptional activation by c-Jun is regulated by a cell-type-specific inhibitor that represses the activity of a transcriptional activation domain (Al) of c-Jun by operating through the adjacent negative regulatory region (δ) (refs 9–11). Here we show that cotransfection of the src or ras oncogene enhances the transcriptional activity of a GAL4: c-Jun hybrid that includes the δ-A1 region of c-Jun, suggesting that the DNA binding and dimerization domain of c-Jun is not required for stimulation by Src or Ras. Moreover, induction of c-Jun activity by Src and Ras occurs in cell lines containing the c-Jun inhibitor but not in a cell line lacking it. The region in c-Jun essential for the stimulatory action of these oncogenes maps to domain Al. These findings suggest the existence of signal-transduction pathways that result in an increase in transcriptional activity of c-Jun and AP-1 by disrupting the c-Jun:inhibitor interaction.
Surgical Treatment of Right Ventricular Aneurysm: An Uncommon Procedure

Most ventricular aneurysms result from transmural myocardial infarction and are located in the left ventricle. Right ventricular aneurysms are unusual, and their origin at times is obscure. A patient with two discrete right ventricular aneurysms is reported. The literature on operative excision of right ventricular aneurysms is reviewed, and the various etiological factors are discussed.
Physiological Demands of Concrete Slab Placing and Finishing Work

Construction craft work is physically demanding. As a result, many craft workers become excessively fatigued, which may lead to decreased productivity and motivation, inattentiveness, poor judgment, poor quality work, job dissatisfaction, accidents, and injuries. This paper investigates the feasibility of measuring \Iin situ\N physical demands of concrete slab placing and finishing work and how this physical demand may be used to characterize both work intensity and whether the demands are physically fatiguing to the workers. Physiological measures of energy expenditure, including oxygen consumption and heart rate data, were collected for an eight-member concrete slab placing and finishing crew performing actual construction work. The results reveal that most of the crew members who were performing manual work experienced heavy physical demands and more potential for physical fatigue compared with those operating construction machinery and equipment. These workers routinely exceed one or more published guidelines for acceptable levels of energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and heart rate. The methods described in this paper have wide application in identifying excessively demanding construction tasks so the work can be modified and productivity improved.
Third Order Rotatable Designs in Three Factors: Analysis'

Recent work [10] has provided a method of constructing third order rotatable designs in three factors. This paper presents nine particular designs, given previously without explanation [11], together with background material, the formulae needed in order to analyze the results from such designs and a worked example.
Spin-polarized hydrogen: A weakly interacting boson gas

These lectures on a gas of spin-polarized hydrogen discuss the developments in this field up to the latest results. First, hydrogen is treated as a stable non-recombining gas and many fundamental properties such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), the two-dimensional Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to superfluidity, and interactions with helium are discussed. In the second section the experimental production and handling of spin-polarized hydrogen is treated. This includes theoretical and experimental discussions of two- and three-body recombination as well as relaxation, both in the normal and condensate phase. These processes have so far prevented the experimental observation of degenerate quantum effects, as they either limit the density or the temperatures of samples. In the final section several experimental ideas for BEC, currently under development, are discussed. These include the magnetostatic trap, the microwave trap, compression of hydrogen as bubbles in helium, compression with magnetic field gradients, and the use of the Lyman-α laser source in the study of atomic hydrogen.
Increase of nonlocal spin signal at high dc bias due to a redistribution of the injection current

The spin signals in nonlocal spin valves with 1.3 nm ${\text{AlO}}_{x}$ layers as spin-injection and spin-detection interfaces have been measured as a function of the dc bias current through the injector. Increases of the spin signals have been observed in both polarities of the injection current, with magnitudes up to 81%. This is attributed to a redistribution of the injection current due to a nonlinear resistivity at a higher bias. The baseline of the spin signal varies as a function of the bias current as well, and it is consistent with the interpretation of current redistribution. A temperature dependence of the spin signals has been conducted to demonstrate that the 81% increase of spin signal cannot be accounted for by the Joule heating of the device.
Retarded Cross-linking in ZnO-low-density Polyethylene Nanocomposites

ZnO nanoparticles were mixed with branched low-density polyethylene and were found to increase the resistance of the polymer to thermal degradation without changing other thermal properties. Submicron-size ZnO particles were mixed with low-density polyethylene for comparison, and it was found that the increased thermal stability of the nanocomposite was due to the surface properties of nanoparticles smaller than approximately 100 nm in diameter.
Drug Interactions Should Be Evaluated in Patients

Drug development involves learning and confirming in healthy volunteers and ultimately in patients. This approach should apply to drug–drug interactions because requirements to extrapolate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings from healthy volunteers to patients are not uniformly met, and the designs of interaction studies often have little relevance to actual clinical use. Guidance to health-care professionals on a safe and effective dose for individual patients should include information from drug–drug interaction studies in the intended patients. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010) 88 5, 585–587. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.213
Leveraging Cloud Computing in Geodatabase Management

In this work, we leverage Cloud computing technologies in scaling out data management in geographical databases. In particular, we tackle the issue of data indexing in parallel. First, spatial data is partitioned and indexed in a Hadoop MapReduce cluster. Two main partitioning strategies are evaluated: a) A linear-complexity method based on Zorder values, and b) An iterative algorithm based on X-means clustering. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are weighted in with relation to query performance. Second, interactive queries are processed from a local site using the index data structures built in the Cloud. We perform an experimental study on a real dataset of 110 million spatial objects representing property parcels in the United States. Our results support Cloud computing as an effective technology to cope up with huge datasets and, in particular, MapReduce parallel programming model in easing parallel processing implementations.
Reconstitution and characterization of the human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase using recombinant p47-phox, p67-phox and plasma membrane.

Human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) activity can be reconstituted in a cell-free system consisting of plasma membrane, cytosol and an anionic amphiphile [e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or arachidonate]. Herein, we report reconstitution of oxidase activity using isolated neutrophil plasma membrane together with purified recombinant p47-phox and p67-phox which had been produced using a baculovirus expression system. Activity required an anionic amphiphile (SDS or arachidonate) and was potentiated by diacylglycerol and GTP gamma S. Serial washes of the plasma membrane failed to affect its ability to reconstitute activity, indicating that a dissociable membrane component was not present. The Km for NADPH, 43 microM, was the same as that determined using cytosol in place of recombinant factors. The EC50 values for p47-phox and p67-phox under optimal activation conditions were 220 nM and 80 nM, respectively, indicating a relatively high affinity of these components in an activation complex. Since neither cytosolic component contains a nucleotide binding consensus sequence, these data indicate that the NADPH binding component of the oxidase resides in the plasma membrane.
Antibiosis to the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) in wild species of Nicotiana

Four wild species of Nicotiana were examined in field experiments for antibiosis toward larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). The species examined were N. excelsior Black, N. gossei Domin., N. plumbaginifolia Viviani, and N. stocktonii Brandegee. Feeding, growth, and mortality rates were used as physiological indicators of plant defense compounds in a four day bioassay procedure. The magnitude of the resistance in Nicotiana stocktonii was consistently greater by all criteria measured. The mechanisms of resistance appeared to be different among the species tested. In addition, inferences on the mode of action of the resistance factors in the species and the best candidate for a breeding program are discussed. Resume Resistance d'especes sauvages de Nicotania aux chenilles de Manduca sexta La resistance aux chenilles de M. sexta a ete examinee chez quatre especes sauvages: Nicotani excelsior Black, N. gossei Domin, N. plumbaginifolia Viviani, et N. stocktonii Brandagee. L'alimentation, la croissance et la mortalite pendant quatre jours d'experience ont servi d'indices physiologiques de l'action des substances chimiques de la plante. Pour tous les criteres utilises, la resistance de N. stockonii etait significativement superieure. Les mechanismes de la resistance se sont reveles differents pour les quatre especes examinees. La discussion concerne l'influence du mode d'action des facteurs de resistance et l'espece presentant le plus de potentialites pour la selection.
Learning an Additional Language through Dialogic Inquiry.

It has been increasingly recognised that classroom discourse plays an important social role as a semiotic mediator of knowledge construction with respect to curriculum content. The assumption is that through active verbal engagement with a topic of interest, students are enabled to master the modes of language use associated with schooling – the various genres and registers specific to the different school subjects. In this conceptual position paper, we examine how appropriate these assumptions are in the case of school-aged English as additional language (EAL) learners who are learning English as the language of instruction. In the first part, we will make the case for the importance of dialogue in learning, both first and second languages and the need for an inquiry orientation to the curriculum in order to promote dialogic interaction. In the second part, drawing on examples from our research, we will present three instantiations of dialogic inquiry involving EAL learners in elementary and intermediate...
DTPA soil extractable and plant heavy metal concentrations with soil-added Cd treatments

Seed of six plant species native to a heavy metal contaminated urban site in northwestern Indiana was collected and grown in soil from the urban site and similar soil collected from a relatively uncontaminated rural site. The rural soil was amended with CdCl2. Plant tissue and soils were analyzed for Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu.
Optimal Transparency in a Dealer Market with an Application to Foreign Exchange

Abstract This paper addresses a fundamental trade-off in the design of multiple-dealer markets. Namely, though greater transparency can accelerate revelation of information in price, it can also impede dealer risk management. If dealers could choose the transparency regime ex ante, which regime would they choose? We show that dealers prefer incomplete transparency (meaning marketwide order flow is observed with noise). Slower price adjustment provides time for nondealers to trade, thereby sharing risk otherwise borne by dealers. At some point, however, further reduction in transparency impedes risk sharing: too noisy a public signal provides nondealers too little information to induce them to trade.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: F31, G15.
Hydrogen storage in dinuclear Pt(II) metallacycles

Abstract Hydrogen gas physisorption in two distinct dinuclear Pt(II) metallacycles was investigated with 2 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hydrogen adsorption isotherm data and 2 H NMR spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen storage occurs via condensation within the cavities of one of the macrocycles and at the interstitial sites in the other. In addition, this study further supports the notion that heat of adsorption and pore size play critical roles in hydrogen storage.
Retrospective study: the presence of Malassezia in feline skin biopsies. A clinicopathological study.

AbstractMalassezia spp. dermatitis, a rare disorder in cats, has previously been associated with immune suppression and internal malignancies. This study evaluates the presence and importance of Malassezia spp. in feline biopsy specimens submitted for histopathological examination. Five hundred and fifty haematoxylin and eosin-stained skin biopsy specimens received for histopathological examination between January 1999 and November 2000 were reviewed. Fifteen (2.7%) submissions contained Malassezia organisms in the stratum corneum of the epidermis or follicular infundibulum. Eleven of 15 cats presented with an acute onset of multifocal to generalized skin lesions. All 11 cats were euthanized or died within 2 months of the onset of clinical signs. Seven cats had dermatopathological changes and clinical signs supportive of paraneoplastic alopecia, and three cats had an interface dermatitis suggestive of erythema multiforme or thymoma-associated dermatosis. Histopathological changes were nonspecific in one cat that was euthanized 2 weeks following onset of severe pruritus and alopecia. In three cats, Malassezia spp. were found in localized sites (two chin, one footpads) and appeared inconsequential to their overall health status. One cat had Malassezia spp. in association with cutaneous demodicosis. These findings suggest that Malassezia yeast in dermatopathological specimens from multifocal or generalized lesions should prompt a thorough clinical work-up for internal neoplasia.
Molecular Conductance of Dendritic Wires

Steady-state rates of electron transfer through molecular bridges are used to calculate the conductance through molecular wires. The study focuses on the topology of the molecular bridge and the implications for the conductance through particular structures. Here we demonstrate an enhanced steady-state flux of electrons through dendritic wires. A calculation of the steady-state rates illustrates that branched topologies, and in particular dendritic structures, can show larger conductance than the linear chain counterparts. The position and the topology of the side branches are shown to be crucial in determining these transport properties.
Adult Hornworm Populations and Degree of Infestation on Tobacco in Relation to Community-Wide Grower Use of Blacklight Traps

In field experiments conducted in Dillon, Horry, and Marion Counties, South Carolina, from 1964 to 1966, community-wide grower use of blacklight traps was evaluated for effectiveness in controlling the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Johannson). Hornworm populations, as measured by field-infestation counts on field tobacco and sucker growth, were approximately the same for the light trap and the outside nontreated areas for all 3 years for the experiment. Dissected females, taken from traps, had deposited at least 50% of their eggs prior to capture, compared with laboratory-reared females. The average number of female moths captured per trap in the 2 areas was approximately the same. In a communitywide light trap program (3 traps per square mile in a 100-square-mile area), the black-light trap did not control the tobacco homworm under South Carolina conditions.