cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case report of squamous cell cancer arising in perineal epidermal inclusion cyst, presenting as rapidly enlarging and cavitating lesion

Abstract Introduction Cutaneous squamous cell cancer (cSCC) is a common condition, with straight forward and well-known heuristics regarding diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. cSCC arising in an epidermal inclusion cyst is rare, but not unheard of. In contrast, the authors’ are unaware of any prior reports of cSCC arising in an epidermal inclusion cyst within an atypical cavernous and cavitating lesion in the perineum. Presentation of case A 48-year-old male presented with a cavitating and rapidly growing cutaneous perineal lesion. Preliminary diagnostic procedures (biopsy) showed benign pathology and imaging showed no involvement of perineal organs such as prostate or rectum. Discordance between initial diagnostics and clinical features prompted multi-specialty consultation, including dermatological pathology. Repeat biopsy yielded in situ, possibly invasive squamous cell cancer, arising in the background of an epidermal inclusion cyst. Wide excision with advancement flap reconstruction was employed, with temporary diverting colostomy to avoid perineal sepsis. Discussion Location and appearance of this lesion provided a diagnostic and treatment challenge requiring multi-specialty involvement for diagnosis and successful treatment. Specialists from urology, general surgery, dermatology, general and dermatological pathology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, colorectal surgery and medical and radiation oncology were involved in diagnosis, treatment plan and execution. None of the specialists involved had seen this singular presentation before, and this created an ownership and management challenge. Conclusion The cavitating, atypical appearance of lesion complicated diagnosis. Location required pre-treatment coordination and deliberation between dermatology, urology, general surgery, and plastic surgery. Malignant degeneration of inclusion cysts, although rare, has to be kept in mind, especially when presenting with rapid growth, and persistence in ruling out malignant diagnosis is fundamental.
Ten years of collaboration in Honduras

In 2010, I was the last-minute replacement of Dr Clifford Wheeless to visit Hospital General San Felipe in Honduras ([figure 1][1]). Dr Fredric Price had arrived 2 days before. By the time I came to the operating room on Monday, Dr Price was already performing a radical abdominal hysterectomy for a
Stereo-vision-based Collision Avoidance Simulation

Because of safety concerns with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's), an effective collision avoidance algorithm is highly desirable on such vehicles. In this research, a stereo-vision distance-measurement-based UAV collision avoidance system for autonomous high-speed UAV's is proposed. We simulate the algorithm using a test bed consists of an OpenGL (Open Graphic Library) simulator of cockpit video and OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library)-based image processing. The testing and results shows that the proposed algorithm works satisfactorily in both controlled and uncontrolled scenarios.
A chemotherapy privileging process for advanced practice providers at an academic medical center.

PurposeNurse practitioners, physician assistants, and pharmacists are advanced practice providers who are highly trained and qualified healthcare professionals that can help support traditional demands on oncologists' increased time in direct patient care. The purpose of this study was to detail and assess the creation of a privileging process for this group of medical professionals within an academic medical center. Obtaining the designation of limited oncology practice provider (LOPP) gives the right to modify chemotherapy orders and to order supportive care medications.MethodsAn interdisciplinary team developed a comprehensive training process inclusive of required educational domains, knowledge goals, and educational activities to become an LOPP. In 2018, five years after the implementation of the privileging process, a survey was distributed to assess perceptions of the training process and integration of LOPPs within oncology practice.ResultsMost oncologists noted that working with LOPPs is benefici...
Noninfectious Inflammatory Disorders of the Vulva

A myriad of diseases that affect the skin can involve the perigenital regions, including the vulvar skin and mucosa. Some of these processes may mimic neoplastic lesions, while others may increase the risk of developing neoplasia or may indicate a risk for subsequent disease/malignancy. Many processes carry substantial morbidity and will affect the patient’s quality of life. Familiarity with the histologic spectrum of inflammatory processes involving the vulva will allow for appropriate treatment and further triage/screening of patients. This chapter provides a framework by which to recognize many of these inflammatory dermatoses, discusses the clinical presentations, associated conditions, histopathologic findings and differential diagnoses, and suggests practical ways in which to handle biopsies provided with minimal clinical information.
Hypoxemia, Bradycardia, and Multiple Laryngoscopy Attempts during Anesthetic Induction in Infants: A Single-center, Retrospective Study.

Editor’s PerspectiveWhat We Already Know about This TopicSuccessful tracheal intubation of an infant may be a challenging skill to acquire due to differing anatomy and physiology compared to older children and adultsMultiple intubation attempts may be associated with increased complicationsWhat This
Remarks on Rényi versions of conditional entropy and mutual information

We examine the analogue of Arimoto’s definition of conditional Renyi entropy and Renyi mutual information for abstract alphabets. Despite being dependent on the reference measure, these notions have useful properties similar to those known in the discrete setting. Moreover, we explore relationships between the families of mutual informations defined by Sibson, Csiszar, and Lapidoth-Pfister. In particular, we show that various notions of Renyi capacity and center coincide, extending results of Csiszar and Nakiboglu.
Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Human Liver Microsomes and S9 Fractions

Human liver microsomes (HLM) and human liver S9 fractions (HLS9) are commonly used to study drug metabolism in vitro. However, a quantitative comparison of HLM and HLS9 proteomes is lacking, resulting in the arbitrary selection of one hepatic preparation over another and in difficulties with data interpretation. In this study, we applied a label-free global absolute quantitative proteomics method to the analysis of HLS9 and the corresponding HLM prepared from 102 individual human livers. A total of 3137 proteins were absolutely quantified, and 3087 of those were determined in both HLM and HLS9. Protein concentrations were highly correlated between the two hepatic preparations (R = 0.87, P < 0.0001). We reported the concentrations of 98 drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and 51 transporters, and demonstrated significant differences between their abundances in HLM and HLS9. We also revealed the protein-protein correlations among these DMEs and transporters and the sex effect on the HLM and HLS9 proteomes. Additionally, HLM and HLS9 displayed distinct expression patterns for protein markers of cytosol and various cellular organelles. Moreover, we evaluated the interindividual variability of three housekeeping proteins, and identified five proteins with low variation across individuals that have the potential to serve as new internal controls for western blot experiments. In summary, these results will lead to better understanding of data obtained from HLM and HLS9 and assist in in vitro-in vivo extrapolations. Knowing the differences between HLM and HLS9 also allows us to make better-informed decisions when choosing between these two hepatic preparations for in vitro drug metabolism studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This investigation revealed significant differences in protein concentrations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters between human liver microsomes and S9 fractions. We also determined the protein-protein correlations among the drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and the sex effect on the proteomes of these two hepatic preparations. The results will help interpret data obtained from these two preparations and allow us to make more informed decisions when choosing between human liver microsomes and S9 fractions for in vitro drug metabolism studies.
A deletion in the N-terminal polymerizing domain of laminin β2 is a new mouse model of chronic nephrotic syndrome

The importance of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in glomerular filtration is underscored by the manifestations of Alport and Pierson syndromes, caused by defects in type IV collagen α3α4α5 and the laminin β2 chain, respectively. Lamb2 null mice, which model the most severe form of Pierson syndrome, exhibit proteinuria prior to podocyte foot process effacement and are therefore useful for studying GBM permselectivity. We hypothesize that some LAMB2 missense mutations that cause mild forms of Pierson syndrome induce GBM destabilization with delayed effects on podocytes. While generating a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated analogue of a human LAMB2 missense mutation in mice, we identified a 44-amino acid deletion (LAMB2-Del44) within the laminin N-terminal domain, a domain mediating laminin polymerization. Laminin heterotrimers containing LAMB2-Del44 exhibited a 90% reduction in polymerization in vitro that was partially rescued by type IV collagen and nidogen. Del44 mice showed albuminuria at 1.8-6.0 g/g creatinine (ACR) at one to two months, plateauing at an average 200 g/g ACR at 3.7 months, when GBM thickening and hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome were first observed. Despite the massive albuminuria, some Del44 mice survived for up to 15 months. Blood urea nitrogen was modestly elevated at seven-nine months. Eight to nine-month-old Del44 mice exhibited glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Similar to Lamb2−/− mice, proteinuria preceded foot process effacement. Foot processes were widened but not effaced at one-two months despite the high ACRs. At three months some individual foot processes were still observed amid widespread effacement. Thus, our chronic model of nephrotic syndrome may prove useful to study filtration mechanisms, long-term proteinuria with preserved kidney function, and to test therapeutics.
From self-defense to violent protest

It is an orthodoxy of modern political thought that violence is morally incompatible with politics, with the important exception of the permissible violence carried out by the state. The ‘commonsen...
The Impact of WIC on Birth Outcomes: New Evidence from South Carolina Births

This study provides new evidence on the impact of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) on a variety of infant health outcomes by using the most recent South Carolina Vital Statistics data (2004-2012). To account for non-random WIC participation, the study relies on a maternal-fixed effects estimation, due to the availability of unique maternally link data. The results indicate that WIC participation substantially decreases the probability of low birth weight, prematurity, and the probability of being admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Additionally, addressing gestational bias and accounting for the length of gestation, WIC participation reduces the probability of delivering a low weight infant and a small for gestation (SGA) infant by 5% among black mothers.
Parameter Design of Positive-Feedback Islanding Detection Scheme of Inverter-Based AC Distribution System

Islanding detection schemes based on positive feedback (PFB) have been widely welcomed in anti-islanding protection. However, the reasonable parameter design of PFB control gain is essential, otherwise it will bring stability concerns to the grid-connected distributed generation (DG) system. This paper provides a design method for the available range of PFB gain that guarantees the system stability. From the stability aspect, the reason of the grid-connected system instability and the essence of PFB method are revealed. In addition, the upper and lower limit of PFB gain are obtained based on the eigenvalue analysis. To study the impact of system parameters on the critical limits of PFB gain, sensitivity analysis is carried out. Simulations are performed to verify the analysis results.
Tangled Representations of Self and Others in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Social neuroscience has made great progress in describing the brain regions involved in both mentalizing about others and self-referential processing. This research has revealed that these processes a partially dissociable, yet largely overlapping, system of brain regions centering on the medial prefrontal cortex. To what degree are the representations of others dissociable from that of the self? In this chapter, I describe the entanglement of these processes and describe some potential paths forward to better understand the relationship between representations of self and others in the brain.
New insights in mite immunotherapy - sublingual tablets.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sublingual tablet immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective for allergies induced by exposure to grass, ragweed, specific trees (Japanese Cedar; birch homologous tree mix), and house dust mites (HDM). This review provides both an overview of the evidence-based clinical studies that address the use of the HDM SLIT-tablet for the treatment of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and its appropriate use in carefully selected asthmatic patients and provides the clinician with practical management considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Solid evidence-based clinical studies have shown that the HDM SLIT-tablet is both well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and has demonstrated a meaningful improvement in exacerbations, need for rescue medication, quality of life, and asthma control. SUMMARY The HDM SLIT-tablet provides the allergy specialist with a well-tolerated treatment that has established superior safety to subcutaneous injection therapy, which can be administered easily as a sublingual dissolvable tablet, and which provides the opportunity to address one of the more difficult aspects in the management of an inducer of perennial allergic disease - that of persistent airway inflammation and allergic asthma.
Sampled-Data Mixed Monotonicity

This chapter applies the discrete-time mixed-monotonicity method from the previous chapter to the sampled-data version of a continuous-time system, thus overcoming the conservativeness of the continuous-time mixed-monotonicity approach. The main difficulty arising from this approach is that the boundedness assumption on the Jacobian matrices of the discrete-time system (corresponding to the sampled-data system) is converted into a boundedness assumption on the sensitivity matrices of the continuous-time system (the partial derivative of the state trajectories with respect to the initial conditions). Since these sensitivity matrices are partial derivatives of the continuous-time trajectories whose closed-form expression is usually unknown, the satisfaction of this assumption requires significant effort. We thus provide three methods to compute bounds on the sensitivity matrix: using interval analysis on the dynamics of the sensitivity matrix; approximating this bound through a sampling-based approach; and a hybrid version of the previous two methods resulting in a sound over-approximation with a tunable tradeoff between its conservativeness and computational complexity.
Injecting Text and Cross-lingual Supervision in Few-shot Learning from Self-Supervised Models.

Self-supervised model pre-training has recently garnered significant interest, but relatively few efforts have explored using additional resources in fine-tuning these models. We demonstrate how universal phoneset acoustic models can leverage cross-lingual supervision to improve transfer of pretrained self-supervised representations to new languages. We also show how target-language text can be used to enable and improve fine-tuning with the lattice-free maximum mutual information (LF-MMI) objective. In three low-resource languages these techniques greatly improved few-shot learning performance.
Comprehensive Safety Monitoring of 12-Month Daily 7000-IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children and Young Adults.

Background There is uncertainty whether long-term daily dosing with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation (vitD3) above the 4000-IU/d dietary reference intake upper tolerable limit in children and adults is safe. As part of a randomized placebo-controlled trial, we determined if supplementation with 7000-IU/d vitD3 for 12 months in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Infected subjects was safe and/or associated with metabolic outcomes. Material and methods A total of 58 HIV-infected subjects-aged 9-24.9 years and stratified by mode of HIV acquisition (perinatal or behavioral)-were recruited, randomized to 7000-IU/d vitD3 or placebo, and followed at 3, 6, and 12 months with physical examinations, blood and urine sampling for measures of 25(OH)D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), metabolic status, safety measures, and HIV immune status. Safety was defined by a low incidence ( 160 ng/mL-and no changes in hematologic, liver, renal, metabolic, lipid, or inflammatory status. Results Randomization groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, vitamin D status, or HIV disease status at baseline. Over the 12 months, serum 25(OH)D increased with supplementation. No subject experienced a serious adverse safety event; none had 25(OH)D >80 ng/mL at any time. There were no clinically significant changes in hematologic, liver, renal, metabolic, lipid, or inflammatory status. Conclusions Safety of daily 7000-IU vitD3 supplementation in children and young adults with HIV was comprehensively monitored over 12 months. High-dose daily vitD3 supplementation was efficacious in improving vitamin D status, and there were no safety events.
FCC MERGER REVIEW AS AN INNOVATIVE CONTROL OVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET IN THE AGE OF DEREGULATION

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the FCC in controlling media concentration in terms of the nature and pattern of the FCC’s telecommunications regulation rather than its specific policy objectives themselves. Historically, FCC regulation has been proactive and social in promoting access. While the FCC directly intervened in the market to achieve its goals in the past, currently it takes an indirect approach in consideration of the changed telecommunications market environment. Two previous approvals for the merger of the satellite radio services, XM and Sirius, and Comcast’s purchase of NBC Universal well demonstrate the FCC’s role that is proactive in its character but indirect in its method.
Authorization management for role-based collaboration

Information sharing among collaborating organizations usually occurs in broad, highly dynamic network-based environments, and formally accessing the resources in a secure manner poses a difficult challenge. The mechanisms must be provided to protect the resources from adversaries. The proposed delegation framework addresses the issue of how to advocate selective information sharing among collaborating organizations. We introduce a systematic approach to manage delegated privileges with the specification of delegation and revocation policies using a set of rules. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by providing a proof-of-concept implementation. We also briefly discuss several issues from our experiment including future directions.
Newly reported chronic conditions and onset of functional dependency.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between newly reported chronic conditions and subsequent functional dependency in older adults. Design: Three-year cohort study. Setting: United States. Participants: A national sample of Americans age 65 and older (N=4,968) who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Measurements: Self-reports of new physician diagnoses between baseline and 12 months and functional dependency onset at 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up. Functional dependency is defined as needing help with or being unable to perform one or more activities of daily living or residence in a long-term care facility. Results: After 12 months of follow-up, 29.8% of participants reported one or more newly diagnosed conditions, increasing to 48.7% at 24 months and 61.3% at 36 months. Number of newly reported conditions was associated with greater probability of functional dependency; this association was strongest at 12 months. The odds of becoming functionally dependent were nearly twice as great in participants who reported one new chronic condition (odds ratio (OR)=1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3–2.8), more than four times as great in those who reported two new chronic conditions (OR=4.3, 95%=CI 2.7–6.9), and 13 times as great in those who reported three or more new chronic conditions (OR=13.0, 95%=CI 6.5–26.3) as in those who reported no new chronic conditions. Newly reported dementia, stroke, psychological disorders, low body mass index, and obesity were significantly and consistently related to functional dependency throughout all 3 years of observation (OR=2.1–14.1). Conclusion: Findings from this study demonstrate the strong relationship between newly diagnosed chronic conditions and functional dependency and highlight the potential benefit of prevention in older adults.
The Jamaican food stamps programme

Abstract The Jamaican food stamps programme has proved to be administratively viable and much better targeted than the general food subsidy programme that it replaces. It is therefore of interest to those concerned with designing targeted nutrition or poverty interventions. This article gives a brief summary of the programme's context, administration and performance. The main ingredients of its success have been a sensible use of existing institutions, efficient use of the commercial distribution chain and an innovative mix of an appropriate self-targeting for half the programme and a simple means test for the other half.
Myxoma Virus: Propagation, Purification, Quantification, and Storage

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Poxviridae family and prototype for the genus Leporipoxvirus. It is pathogenic only for European rabbits, in which it causes the lethal disease myxomatosis, and two North American species, in which it causes a less severe disease. MYXV replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Although not infectious in humans, its genome encodes proteins that can interfere with or modulate host defense mechanisms; it is able to productively infect a number of human cancer cell lines, but not normal human cells, and has also been shown to increase survival time in mouse models of human glioma. These characteristics suggest that MYXV could be a viable therapeutic agent, e.g., in anti-inflammatory or anti-immune therapy, or as an oncolytic agent. MYXV is also an excellent model for poxvirus biology, pathogenesis, and host tropism studies. It is easily propagated in a number of cell lines, including adherent cells and suspension cultures, and minimal purification is required to provide a stock for in vivo and in vitro studies.
Effects of Cold-Forming on Light-Gage Steel Members

Cold-forming causes significant changes in the mechanical properties of certain light-gage steel members. The average yield strength in a cold-formed section may be as much as 70% larger than that of the original, as-rolled sheet steel. These changes in properties are not distributed uniformly in the cross sections, being considerably larger in the corners than in the flats of light-gage members. However, the quantitative information obtained in this investigation permits more rational and economical design of many such members. Both the tensile and compressive properties of corners, flats, and full sections were determined in an extensive experimental investigation. A method is devised for determining the stress-strain characteristics of full sections from simple tensile coupon tests. These stress-strain properties are related analytically to the inelastic buckling of compact cold-formed columns, using a generalized form of Shanley's tangent modulus equation.
Effects of multimodal feedback on the performance of older adults with normal and impaired vision

The augmentation of computer technologies with multimodal interfaces has great potential for improving interaction with these technologies via the use of different sensory feedback. This may be of particular importance for individuals from divergent user populations, who have varying interaction needs and abilities. This study examines the effects of a multimodal interface, utilizing auditory, haptic, and visual feedback, on the performance of elderly users with varying levels of visual abilities. Older adults who possess normal vision (n=29) and those who have been diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n=30), with different levels of visual acuity, were involved in the study. Participants were asked to complete a series of 'drag-and-drop' tasks under varying forms of feedback. User performance was assessed with the measure of final target highlight time. The findings suggest that the addition of other feedback modalities, to the traditionally used visual feedback form, can enhance the performance of users, particularly those with visual impairments.
Evaluating state willingness to pursue space weapons

Many studies exist which evaluate the domain of space from a political perspective in order to advocate for a certain position regarding what states ought to do or not do in space. Few studies exist which address how states actually behave with regard to outer space. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, the present study evaluates the determinants of state space behavior. The results identify a blend of the realist pursuit of power and liberal normative restrains acting on state space behavior.
Sputniks cubanos. De cómo la URSS ocupó la imaginación de una generación

Resumen: A pesar de la cierta marginalidad de la ciencia ficcion en Cuba, esta no estuvo exenta de la influencia cultural que sufrio la isla al sovietizarse. De la URSS y el entorno comunista llegaron cientos de obras del genero, al mismo tiempo que la produccion local se reducia a cero en los anos setenta. Los autores cubanos tomaron partido, unos defendieron los nuevos estilos e ideas venidos del Este; otros decidieron seguir su camino, algunas veces, a contracorriente. Abstract: Despite the somewhat marginalization of science fiction in Cuba, the genre could not avoid the cultural influence that the island experienced when it adopted Soviet cannons. From the USSR and the Communist allies came hundreds of genre publications in the seventies, while local production was reduced to zero. Most Cuban writers took sides, some defended the new styles and ideas that came from the East; others decided not to, and even created sometimes a counter discourse.
Green shanks and adult mortality in chickens

A mutation of recent origin in Cornell randombred Leghorn chickens causes the shanks to be colored green due to melanin-like deposition in the dermis, in contrast to normal yellow. Some pigment is often present in the mandibles and the mature feathers display an ashen cast. This mutant is determined by an allele, idc, on the sex chromosome. Excessive adult mortality with a high incidence of tumors, mainly hemangiomas, is associated with this gene--at least extending over a two-generation observation interval. Pullets receiving this mutant allele (idc) from their sire die at 2 to 3 times the rate of sisters, with yellow shanks, that carry the Id allele.
The thymus AIDS connection: Thymosin in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals at risk for AIDS

The thymus gland, which plays a key role in the maturation and functioning of the lymphoid system, is implicated in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The observation that the thymic hormone, thymosin α1, is elevated in individuals at risk for AIDS (as opposed to being depressed in other immunodeficient states) has provided the first direct evidence that the thymus is malfunctioning early in the course of this deadly disease. These observations have been valuable in screening for the syndrome with a rapid radioimmunoassay and in the initiation of the first clinical trials with thymosin in high risk homosexuals and hemophiliacs. If the progressive immune paralysis in AIDS is due to a dying thymus, the early identification of asymptomatic carriers of AIDS or individuals with modest AIDS-related dysfunction may lead to therapy with thymosin or other thymomimetic agents that can restore immune function and prevent the onset of frank AIDS.
MHMR: mobility‐based hybrid multicast routing protocol in mobile ad hoc wireless networks

The field of mobile ad hoc networking has enjoyed dramatic increase in popularity over the last few years. However, owing to the fact that such networks have dynamic, sometimes rapidly changing, random, multihop topologies, the development of efficient and applicable multicast routing protocols presents many issues and challenges. In this paper we propose a Mobility-based Hybrid Multicast Routing (MHMR) protocol suitable for mobile ad hoc networks. The main features that our proposed protocol introduces are the following: (i) mobility-based clustering and group-based hierarchical structure, in order to effectively support stability and scalability; (ii) group-based (limited) mesh structure and forwarding tree concepts, in order to support the robustness of the mesh topologies, which provides ‘limited’ redundancy and the efficiency of tree forwarding simultaneously; and (iii) combination of proactive and reactive concepts that provide low route acquisition delay and low overhead. The use of dynamic mobility-based clustering as the underlying structure is motivated by the observation that in mobile ad hoc networks communications are often among teams that tend to coordinate their movements, and as a result we can dynamically and adaptively partition the network into several groups, each with its own mobility characteristics and behaviors. In our protocol we support the creation of a limited mesh structure based on the clusterheads of the various created clusters, and not among all the members that participate in the multicast session and route, thereby reducing significantly the complexity of the created mesh topology. The performance evaluation of the proposed protocol is achieved via modeling and simulation. The corresponding results demonstrate the proposed multicast protocol's efficiency in terms of packet delivery ratio, scalability, control overhead, end-to-end delay as a function of mobility, packet transmission rate, and multicast group size. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoluchowski Equation in Cumulant Approximation

Binding energies of many biological complexes are on the order of thermal energy and can become less than that, if a complex is subjected to a dissociative force. In such cases of extended spatial transition regions from one state to another the dynamics of complex decomposition cannot be described correctly by two-variable rate equations, and it is necessary to apply more rigorous approaches. In this work, we use the Smoluchowski equation for the distribution function to study the dynamics of the ligand moving in different profiles of the potential energy. We transform this equation into two different cumulant representations. In the first one the dynamics is represented by an infinite hierarchy of coupled equations for cumulants, while in the second one it is given as an exponential operator acting on cumulants at the initial moment of time. The method coupled equations for cumulants are applied to three different potentials: a fourth-degree polynomial, a Morse potential, and a step potential. Truncatio...
FISH SILAGE IN AQUACULTURE DIETS

Fish silage was made from ground, whole Pacific whiting by using 2% sulfuric acid and 0.75% propionic acid by weight as the acidulent. After 3, 6, and 20 days, silage was removed, neutralized with calcium hydroxide, and drum-dried. Two additional silage products were made from un-neutralized 20-day silage and silage neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Vacuum-dried Pacific whiting meal was used in the control diet. Dry pelleted diets were made using the Abernathy diet formulation S8-1, modified by replacing the fish meal with either drum-dried silage or vacuum-dried Pacific whiting meal. After 12 weeks, no significant differences were observed in growth or feed conversion between rainbow trout fed either the control diet or diets containing 3- or 6-day-old silage. Growth and feed conversion were significantly affected by feeding diets containing silage that had been allowed to hydrolyze for 20 days. No differences in growth were observed between groups of trout fed diets containing 20-day unneutralized silage, or silage neutralized with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Acidification of the control diet significantly affected growth and feed conversion. Neutralization of the acidified control diet with calcium hydroxide restored growth and feed conversion.
(Never) Mind the gap!: Gender equity in social studies research on technology in the twenty‐first century

Purpose – Focusing on gender as an aspect of diversity, the purpose of this paper is to review social studies research on technology, and suggest a new direction, with gender redefined from a gap to be eliminated to a difference to be explored.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a literature review of research on gender, technology, and social studies from 1987 to 2007.Findings – Previously, men had more access and used more types of technology than women, but a shift to web‐based computing eliminates some gender gaps. Women dominate online communication. Although “male” technology culture interferes with girls' self‐efficacy in schools and potential computer careers, the new Web 2.0 “participatory culture” holds promise because it relies on collaboration and networking, two well documented female strengths.Research limitations/implications – The gap notion of gender is questionable because: technology culture has been constructed as male; and social studies education, where women greatly out numb...
Patterns of marital interaction associated with marital dissatisfaction and depression.

Abstract This research compared couples reporting high and low levels of marital interactions in which one spouse responds ineffectually to the rights-infringing behavior of the mate. The results of planned comparisons indicated that high frequencies of such interactions were associated with reports of marital dissatisfaction and depression in husbands and marital dissatisfaction in wives. When both spouses described their mates as transgressive and themselves as ineffectual responders to transgression, the dysfunction reported by both spouses was pronouced. Examination of partial correlation, coefficients indicated that each spouse's role in the inteaction pattern contributed to its dysfunctional nature.
Not too close for comfort

Breve discussion sur la tendance qu'ont les quasars a s'aligner avec des galaxies plus proches. Cet alignement preferentiel est traite dans le contexte du modele cosmologique standard
Role of nucleation in the redox reactions of TTF-TCNQ single crystal electrodes in contact with aqueous KBr solutions

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry experiments have been performed on electrodes prepared from needles of tetrathiafulvalene–tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF–TCNQ) single crystals in contact with aqueous 1 M KBr. The data indicate that nucleation and growth mechanisms control the surface redox reactions of the TCNQ acceptor and the TTF donor lattice sites. Experiments with partially immersed electrodes with different faces exposed to the solution suggest that the origin of the nucleation phenomena is inherent in the structure of the TTF–TCNQ crystal. Two transients were seen in the chronoamperometric responses: one with t max in the order of 5–10 ms and one with t max in the order of 100–200 ms. For the longer transients, a 3-dimensional, instantaneous nucleation model with diffusion-controlled growth of the surface phase gave better fits to the data than two-dimensional models or models based on kinetically controlled growth. The cyclic voltammetric parameters for the TCNQ 0/1− couple were indicative of a unusual quasi-reversible phenomenon in which cooperative interactions in partially reduced or oxidized surface phases decrease the thermodynamic driving force for the phase transformation.
Distinctive Responsiveness to Stromal Signaling Accompanies Histologic Grade Programming of Cancer Cells

Abstract Whether stromal components facilitate growth, invasion, and dissemination of cancer cells or suppress neoplastic lesions from further malignant progression is a continuing conundrum in tumor biology. Conceptualizing a dynamic picture of tumorigenesis is complicated by inter-individual heterogeneity. In the post genomic era, unraveling such complexity remains a challenge for the cancer biologist. Towards establishing a functional association between cellular crosstalk and differential cancer aggressiveness, we identified a signature of malignant breast epithelial response to stromal signaling. Proximity to fibroblasts resulted in gene transcript alterations of >2-fold for 107 probes, collectively designated as Fibroblast Triggered Gene Expression in Tumor (FTExT). The hazard ratio predicted by the FTExT classifier for distant relapse in patients with intermediate and high grade breast tumors was significant compared to routine clinical variables (dataset 1, n = 258, HR--2.11, 95% CI 1.17-3.80, p-value 0.01; dataset 2, n = 171, HR--3.07, 95% CI 1.21-7.83, p-value 0.01). Biofunctions represented by FTExT included inflammatory signaling, free radical scavenging, cell death, and cell proliferation. Unlike genes of the 'proliferation cluster', which are overexpressed in aggressive primary tumors, FTExT genes were uniquely repressed in such cases. As proof of concept for our correlative findings, which link stromal-epithelial crosstalk and tumor behavior, we show a distinctive differential in stromal impact on prognosis-defining functional endpoints of cell cycle progression, and resistance to therapy-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in low vs. high grade cancer cells. Our experimental data thus reveal aspects of 'paracrine cooperativity' that are exclusively contingent upon the histopathologically defined grade of interacting tumor epithelium, and demonstrate that epithelial responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment is a deterministic factor underlying clinical outcome. In this light, early attenuation of epithelial-stromal crosstalk could improve the management of cases prone to be clinically challenging.
Early diagenesis in sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific, II. Pore water metal results

Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu were measured in pore waters extracted from pelagic sediments at two sites in the eastern equatorial Pacific and at two locations in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The results from these four sites suggest that the pore water profiles of these metals are controlled by processes involving the major oxidants (O2, NO3−, Mn and Fe oxides). Dissolved copper concentrations in the top 2 cm of sediment are 10 times the bottom water value. This shallow regeneration is an important factor in the oceanic budget of copper. Manganese, nickel and iron concentrations near the interface are indistinguishable from bottom water values. At depth in the sediment, Mn oxides are reduced and manganese diffuses upwards to be reoxidized and trapped within the sediment column. The highest nickel concentrations in the Mn reduction zone are 40 times that of bottom water. This nickel gradient drives a flux into the Mn oxidation zone which is large enough to influence the nickel concentration of the bulk sediment. Dissolved Mn concentrations range from 10 nmol/kg in the oxygenated zone to 100 μmol/kg in the reduction zone.
The 3H(3He, γ)6Li capture reaction and the structure of 6Li

Abstract The capture reaction 3 H( 3 He,γ) 6 Li has been studied for 3 He bombarding energies from 9 to 26 MeV. Transitions to the ground and first four excited states in 6 Li are observed. The 90° differential cross section for the ground state transition decreases smoothly from 9 to 26 MeV. The 90° differential cross section for the first excited state transition shows a broad maximum centered at E 3 He = 20.6 ± 0.4 MeV, indicating a possible resonance in 6 Li at E x = 26.2 ± 0.2 MeV. The excitation function for the transition to the third excited state also shows a broad maximum centered at E x = 26.6 ± 0.4 MeV. The excitation functions for the transitions to the second ( T = 1, 0 + ) and fourth ( T = 1, 2 + ) excited states have also been measured. The former does not show any resonance structure, while the latter shows a broad maximum indicating a possible resonance in 6 Li at E x = 26.7 ± 0.4 MeV. These results are compared with theoretical predictions.
Semi-autonomous digitization of real-world environments

In recent years, the computational power and graphics capabilities of our computers and gaming consoles has advanced to the point that we can render photo-realistic realworld environments in real-time. This capability has been utilized to make immersive games, serious games, and simulations. While computers and consoles are affordable for the consumer, the technology used to scan environments can be too expensive or time-consuming for most developers. In this paper, we seek to find a viable low-cost alternative to these expensive technologies by analyzing the efficacy of cheap hardware (Kinect and personal cameras), computer vision algorithms (KinectFusion and structure-from-motion), and post-processing tools (MeshLab) in the context of a popular free game engine, Unity. Our results demonstrate workflows that are viable for the needs of many developers.
Research Advances: Paper Batteries, Phototriggered Microcapsules, and Oil-Free Plastic Production

Summaries are provided of recent research advances in paper batteries, phototriggered microcapsules, and oil-free plastic production.
Another breadth-first approach to CS I using python

In an effort to serve the needs of both majors and non-majors, the Computer Science Department at Centre College has restructured the CS I course so that it uses the language Python, devotes more attention to the Internet and the World Wide Web, addresses ethical and societal issues, and introduces students to programmable robots and an SQL database. This diverse course has been attractive to the students while still maintaining a strong emphasis on programming.
The Convergence of Planning and Execution: Improvisation in New Product Development:

The field of marketing strategy often makes the important assumption that marketing strategy should occur by first composing a plan on the basis of a careful review of environmental and firm inform...
2202 – Stop And Don’t Smell The Shoe Polish. The Use Of Inhalants Among Adolescents

Introduction Inhalant abuse among U.S. adolescents is a common occurrence. Unlike the illegal drugs, inhalants are readily available in an average household in many forms. According to the National Inhalant Prevention Coalition, between 100–125 deaths are attributed to inhalant abuse annually. We will describe a case of a Kenyan immigrant who developed acute psychotic episode following inhalation. Case report A 17 year old Kenyan immigrant was brought to the ED after inhaling shoe polish. She has a history of PTSD from being raped while on the street in Kenya. She was later adopted and brought to the USA. Her psychotic symptoms resolved after she was treated with olanzapine 5mg. Discussion Medical complications include, but are not limited to the following central nervous system, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, hematologic, and dermatologic. In addition to medical complications, there are psychiatric complications as well. Adolescents abusing inhalants may often present with hallucinations, emotional disturbances, inappropriate affect, manic symptoms, or suicidal ideation. Inhalant use has also been associated with conduct disorder in adolescents, as well as major depressive disorder and substance abuse disorder later in life. Conclusion The use of inhalants to achieve a “high” continues to be a dangerous occurrence within the adolescent population. The consequences of inhalant abuse go beyond the immediate medical complications or social effects. An adolescent's mental health may be severely impaired, with psychiatric effects extending well into adulthood. Physicians and parents should be aware of the possibility of psychosis cause by inhalant abuse.
Energetic analysis of the rhodopsin–G-protein complex links the α5 helix to GDP release

We present a model of interaction of Gi protein with the activated receptor (R*) rhodopsin, which pinpoints energetic contributions to activation and reconciles the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs crystal structure with new and previously published experimental data. In silico analysis demonstrated energetic changes when the Gα C-terminal helix (α5) interacts with the R* cytoplasmic pocket, thus leading to displacement of the helical domain and GDP release. The model features a less dramatic domain opening compared with the crystal structure. The α5 helix undergoes a 63° rotation, accompanied by a 5.7-A translation, that reorganizes interfaces between α5 and α1 helices and between α5 and β6-α5. Changes in the β6-α5 loop displace αG. All of these movements lead to opening of the GDP-binding pocket. The model creates a roadmap for experimental studies of receptor-mediated G-protein activation.
Lamivudine in combination with zidovudine, stavudine, or didanosine in patients with HIV-1 infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: To study the antiviral activity of lamivudine (3TC) plus zidovudine (ZDV), didanosine (ddl), or stavudine (d4T). Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, partially double-blinded multicenter study. Setting: Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Units. Patients: Treatment-naive HIV-infected adults with 200-600 x 10 6 CD4 T lymphocytes/l. Interventions: Patients were openly randomized to a d4T or a ddl limb, then randomized in a blinded manner to receive: d4T (80 mg/day), d4T plus 3TC (300 mg/day), or ZDV (600 mg/day) plus 3TC, with matching placebos; or ddl (400 mg/day), ddl plus 3TC (300 mg/day), or ZDV (600 mg/day) plus 3TC, with matching placebos. After 24 weeks 3TC was added for patients assigned to the monotherapy arms. Main outcome measure: The reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA level at weeks 24 and 48. Results: Two hundred ninety-nine patients were enrolled. After 24 weeks the mean reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA copies/ml from baseline was 0.49 log 10 (d4T monotherapy) versus 1.03 log 10 (d4T plus 3TC; P = 0.001), and 0.68 log 10 (ddl monotherapy) versus 0.82 log 10 (ddl plus 3TC; P > 0.22). After 48 weeks the mean reduction was 1.08 log 10 (D4T plus 3TC) versus 1.01 log 10 (ZDV plus 3TC) in the d4T limb (P = 0.66), and 0.94 log 10 (ddl plus 3TC) versus 0.88 log 10 (ZDV plus 3TC; P = 0.70) in the ddl limb. Conclusions: 3TC added significantly to the virologic effects of d4T, but not ddl, in treatment-naive patients. 3TC plus d4T produced virologic changes comparable to those of 3TC plus ZDV. These results support the use of 3TC with either ZDV or d4T as a component of initial combination antiretroviral therapy.