cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mammals of Kenya's protected areas from 1888 to 2013

Kenya is a world leader in conservation and host to one of the most diverse array of mammals on the planet. As a focus of scientific attention, it is important to be able to assess not only the current state of Kenya's mammal communities, but also how they have changed over anthropogenic timescales. Comprehensive lists of mammal species from known areas are essential for this goal, and these also provide comparative baselines for assessing changes in mammalian diversity in the future and in the fossil record. Though there is considerable literature available for mammals inhabiting Kenyan protected areas (National Parks and Reserves), species compilation projects vary greatly in scope, completeness, agreement, and accuracy. We combine the information in these databases for Kenya and supplement them with the most up-to-date knowledge available up to November 2013. Comprehensive historical species lists were compiled from specimen lists collected during 1888–1950 in ecosystems that today correspond to 13 dif...
The Absence of LPA2 Attenuates Tumor Formation in an Experimental Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer

Background & Aims Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for colon cancer (CC). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a naturally produced phospholipid, mediates multiple effects that are vital to disease process, including inflammation and cancer. The expression of LPA receptor 2 (LPA 2 ) is up-regulated in several types of cancer, including ovarian and colon cancer, but the importance of LPA and LPA 2 in the development and progression of CC is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether LPA and LPA 2 regulate the progression of CC in vivo. Methods We examined the potential role of LPA in CC progression by administering LPA to mice heterozygous for the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) allele. We determined the loss of LPA 2 function in tumorigenesis in the colon by treating mice with genetic deletion of LPA 2 (LPA 2 −/− ) with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. Results We found that LPA increased tumor incidence in Apc min/+ mice. LPA 2 −/− mice showed reduced mucosal damage and fewer tumors than wild-type (WT) mice. Reduced epithelial cell proliferation and decreases in β-catenin, Kruppel-like factor 5, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression were observed in LPA 2 −/− mice. Unlike WT mice, induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor was significantly attenuated in LPA 2 −/− mice with reduced infiltration by macrophages. Conclusions These results show that LPA is capable of promoting tumorigenesis in the colon. The absence of LPA 2 attenuates several effects that contribute to cancer progression in vivo, and, hence, the current study identifies LPA 2 as an important modulator of CC.
Radish as a Model System for the Study of Engineered Gene Escape Rates Via Crop-Weed Mating

: Engineered genes in transgenic crops may escape into the ambient environment via crop-weed hybridization However, natural crop-weed muting rates (gene flow) are largely unknown We measured mating between wild and cultivated radishes in an experiment that simulated natural stands around seed multiplication plots. We used a genetic marker to identify, crop-weed muting events. Although weeds at the cultivar plot margin (1 m distance) received much more gene flow than distant plants, detectable gene flow occurred at our most distant site (1000 m). For insect-pollinated outcrossing crops like radish, strategies other than distance must be employed to ensure complete isolation. Resumen: Los genes fabricados en los cultivos transgenicos pueden escapar al medio ambiente a traves de la hibridizacio entre 10s cultivos y las mulezas. Sin embargo, casi sedesconocen las tasas de fertilizacion natural (flujo de genes) entre los cultivos y las malezas. Medimos la fertilizacion entre rabanos silvestres y cultivados en un experimento que simulaba los plantios que naturalmente rodean los parcelas de multiplicacion de semillas. Usamos un marcador genetico para identificar la incidencia de fertilizacion entre malezas y cultivos. Aunque las malezas que estaban en los mar genes del cultivo (a 1 m de distancia) recibieron un flujo genetico mucho mayor que las plantas mas lejanus, bubo flujo genetico detectable en nuestro sitio mas distante (1000 m). Para los cultivos polinizados por insectos en cultivos con caractersticas como las del rabano, bay que usar estrategias distintas a la de la distancia para asegurar un aislamiento completo.
How predictive of dementia are peripheral inflammatory markers in the elderly

Dementia is a huge public health concern today owing to the exponentially increasing number of older adults it affects each year, and there has been a large number of investigators looking at potential biomarkers of dementia. Peripheral inflammatory markers have emerged as one potential class of markers that may be useful in predicting those individuals at a greater risk of developing dementia, or in expounding the underlying mechanisms or pathways of this complex disease. Although some evidence has been promising, indicating that peripheral inflammatory markers are indeed crucial in brain changes that occur in both normal aging and in dementia, results have been mixed on their usefulness for predicting dementia or cognitive decline in older adults. Here, the authors present a review of existing studies investigating inflammatory markers as potential biomarkers of dementia, highlighting some strengths and limitations of the current research and discuss the future directions for this field.
Cross-correlation analysis of epileptiform propagation using wavelets

We have analyzed cortical and subcortical field recordings from spatially distinct neural circuits in order to support the hypothesis that spatially distinct brain locations display correlated ictal activity during epileptic seizures. Field recordings have been obtained from cortex (CTX), anterior thalamic nuclei (AN), posterior thalamus (PT) and hippocampus (HPC) during pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizures in anesthetized animals. We use Wavelet Transform Cross-Correlation (WTCC) method in order to quantify the common activity between two recordings at particular bands of interest. In contrary to Fourier Transform Coherence (FTC), we show that WTCC provides a more reliable estimate or band-specific common activity or cross-coherence between two epileptic sources. Although most of the signal power is located at higher frequencies (15-30 Hz), results from WTCC reveal significant mean cross-correlation estimates (/spl sim/0.7-0.8) at primarily the lower regions of the spectrum (0-10 Hz). The behavior observed in the brain recordings analyzed in this paper lets us differentiate between local and global behavior, where the global behavior is assumed to be due to a pacemaker function which is a quasi-periodic train of impulse functions that differentially excites various areas of the brain.
Ruthenium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of vinylarenes.

The transition metal-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated vinylarenes with a rhodium complex of DPEphos is reported. The reaction of electron−neutral or electron-rich vinylarenes with a variety of secondary amines in the presence of catalyst forms the products from anti-Markovnikov hydroamination in high yields. Reactions of morpholine, N-phenylpiperazine, N-Boc-piperazine, piperidine, 2,5-dimethylmorpholine, and perhydroisoquinoline reacted with styrene to form the amine product in 51−71% yield. Reactions of a variety of vinylarenes with morpholine generated amine as the major product. Reactions of morpholine with electron-poor vinylarenes gave lower amine:enamine ratios than reactions of electron-rich vinylarenes at the same concentration of vinylarene, but conditions were developed with lower concentrations of electron-poor vinylarene to maintain formation of the amine as the major product. Reactions of dimethylamine with vinylarenes were fast and formed amine as the major product. ...
Measurements on collisionally excited soft-x-ray lasers

We observed, for the first time to our knowledge, soft-x-ray 3p–3s lasing in neonlike zinc and arsenic in the wavelength interval 212–267 A, with gain coefficients ranging from 2.0 to 5.4 cm−1. Also, spectral lines were observed in neonlike gallium at the wavelengths predicted for lasing. A single-beam, driving laser (λ = 1.05 μm) at pulse energies of up to 500 J, with rise times of ~0.6 ns and pulse durations of 1–2 ns, was used with slab targets. Time-integrated diagnostics were used. We discuss the refractive bending of the lasing beams, the importance of the rise time of the driving laser pulse, and the interferometric measurement of the electron density gradients and density distributions of the lasant plasma.
A clinical dilemma: Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with a background of primary breast cancer

It is common practice to forego the prescribing of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for patients with a history of breast cancer. The consequences of estrogen deprivation particularly cardiovascular morbidity and osteoporosis are reviewed in the context of the potential risks of ERT in patients with prior breast cancer. The published data regarding breast cancer risks with oral contraceptive use and ERT in healthy women is reviewed. The rationale for a clinical trial of ERT in breast cancer patients, the proposed appropriate patient group and positive end points for assessing benefit of ERT in the population are presented. Lack of reliable clinical data makes ERT in breast cancer patients an unresolved clinical dilemma.
Surface Roughness Control of 3C-SiC Films during the Epitaxial Growth Process

The surface roughness of epitaxially grown 3C-SiC films is a key factor affecting the fabrication and performance of SiC-based nanoelectromechanical systems. This paper presents the results of a study on adjusting key deposition process parameters to control surface roughness of 3C-SiC films during film growth. For 3C-SiC films grown using a conventional three-step, carbonization-based, atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition process, the surface roughness depends on the precursor gas flow rates during both the carbonization and film growth steps. By optimizing the carbonization and the film growth steps with respect to surface roughness, an average surface roughness of 1.5 nm for a 50 nm thick 3C-SiC film was achieved.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Body Mass Index in Military Veterans: The Richmond Experience

ABSTRACT Military veterans suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often have comorbid conditions including obesity. They may become disabled either from these comorbid conditions or from PTSD (or from both). Service-connected disability (SCD) is a concept employed by both the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs to identify and compensate military veterans with such disabilities. SCD could serve as a measure of the functional impact of PTSD and comorbid obesity and other medical conditions. We reviewed the database of the recently constituted PTSD program at Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia. Variables assessed included 1) age, 2) decade of life, 3) height, 4) weight, 5) sex, 6) race, 7) employment status, 8) presence or absence of comorbid psychiatric conditions, 9) presence or absence of comorbid medical conditions, and 10) degree of disability. From the height and weight measurements, we calculated body mass index (BMI). We ...
Inductive Switching with a 1-kA (Saturation) Normally on SiC JFET Switch Module

Silicon-carbide junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) are maturing in performance, reliability, and manufacturability, especially with voltage ratings ranging from 600-1800 V. The vertical channel JFET (VJFET) with extremely low specific on-resistance (< 0.25 Omega-mm2) is now available. In this paper, new results are reported on a two-switch module packaged in a commercially available plastic half-bridge power module. The switches can handle steady currents up to 500 A, with at least 1 kA available before drain-current saturation occurs. Switching results with a diode-clamped inductive load are reported to investigate voltage sharing between the two series devices when switched simultaneously. The normally on characteristics of these JFET switches are ideal for current sources like charging of inductive loads.
A re-investigation of the behavioural effects of intracerebral injection in marmosets of cytopathic cerebrospinal fluid from patients with schizophrenia or neurological disease

In experiments designed to investigate transmission, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with schizophrenia or neurological disease (Huntington's disease) which had been found to induce a cytopathic effect (CPE) in human embryonic fibroblast cell culture was injected intracerebrally into common marmosets. Behavioural observations were made on the animals during a period of 2 1/2 years prior to injection and for 2 1/2 years after injection. In an earlier study (Baker et al. 1983 b) we found that animals injected with CPE + ve CSF became progressively more inactive when compared with those injected with non-cytopathic (CPE -ve) CSF from control patients. In the present study we were unable to replicate this finding. No difference in behaviour emerged between animals injected with control CSF and animals injected with CSF from schizophrenics or patients with neurological disease, nor between animals injected with CPE + ve CSF and animals injected with CPE -ve CSF. The numbers of offspring produced and surviving did not differ between the groups. We conclude that the original findings were due to factors unconnected with the nature of the injected material.
Stretching the Adjudicative Paradigm: Another Look at Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State

In Judicial Policy Making and the Modem State, Malcolm Feeley and Edward Rubin challenge the conventional wisdom regarding the judicial role. They contend that policymaking is a major-and legitimate-part of the judiciary's work. Rather than focusing on the individual judge working in isolation, they view the judiciary as inherently a multimember institution. Their thesis is that the need for coordination among judges imposes constraints on the judiciary in profound ways, which should curb fears of an imperial judiciary. In the course of this argument, they provide sharp critiques of conventional views of how federalism and separation of powers limit the authority of federal judges. Indeed, based partly on theory and partly on their study of prison reform litigation, they go so far as to suggest that federalism and separation of powers are obsolete notions.
The Political Universe of Lyndon B. Johnson and His Advisors: Diagnostic and Strategic Propensities in Their Operational Codes

This study uses the Verbs in Context System (VICS) to analyze and compare the operational codes of President Lyndon Johnson and his advisors during the Vietnam conflict. The initial focus is on changes in Johnson's general operational code as revealed in public statements during the period leading to the decisions to bomb North Vietnam and to intervene with ground forces in South Vietnam. Johnson's public operational codes for the domestic, foreign, and Vietnam domains are then compared, and his public operational code for the Vietnam conflict is contrasted with the private operational code of his Vietnam advisors (as expressed in private memoranda). Period effects, domain effects, and other differences are revealed between the views of Johnson and those of his advisors.
Abstract 19636: Cardioprotective Role of Ceruloplasmin in Heart Failure via Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase Activity

Elevated levels of the acute phase reactant ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the neutrophil heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) predict adverse clinical outcomes in the setting of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure (HF), yet whether the contribution of elevated Cp to HF is beneficial or detrimental is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that elevated Cp is cardioprotective via its ability to inhibit MPO in the following studies. Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADx) was performed on wild type (WT) and Cp+/- mice. Four weeks after LADx, Cp+/- mice demonstrated greater impairment of cardiac structure and function, including increased myocardial fibrosis compared to WT (p<0.05). 24-hour urine MPO activity was increased after LADx, and is further increased in Cp+/- mice compared to WT with corresponding reduction in 24-hour urine Cp activity, thus suggesting the MPO inhibitory effects of Cp. In a series of in vitro assays examining MPO inhibitory capacity (MIC), addition of exogenous Cp (200 ug/...
Emerging Technologies for Environmental Remediation: Integrating Data and Judgment.

Emerging technologies present significant challenges to researchers, decision-makers, industry professionals, and other stakeholder groups due to the lack of quantitative risk, benefit, and cost data associated with their use. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can support early decisions for emerging technologies when data is too sparse or uncertain for traditional risk assessment. It does this by integrating expert judgment with available quantitative and qualitative inputs across multiple criteria to provide relative technology scores. Here, an MCDA framework provides preliminary insights on the suitability of emerging technologies for environmental remediation by comparing nanotechnology and synthetic biology to conventional remediation methods. Subject matter experts provided judgments regarding the importance of criteria used in the evaluations and scored the technologies with respect to those criteria. The results indicate that synthetic biology may be preferred over nanotechnology and convent...
"Just Go in Looking Good": The Resilience, Resistance, and Kinship-Building of Trans* College Students.

This article explores the strategies transgender college students use to navigate gender-dichotomous collegiate environments. Using a critical collaborative ethnographic methodology (Bhattacharya, 2008), this 18-month ethnographic study alongside 9 transgender students elucidated how gender operates as a discourse to regulate the collegiate life as well as the various spaces through which the participants traversed. Study data also highlight the pervasive intersections of participants’ various social identities as well as speak to the importance of developing kinship networks among transgender students as a strategy to remain resilient and successful in college.
CMR Features of ARVC/D

Abstract This chapter will summarize the most important CMR features of ARVC/D. Diagnostic accuracy of CMR in the diagnosis of ARVC/D has been evaluated in numerous studies and is an integral part of the 2010 Modified Task Force ARVC/D criteria. CMR can identify not only the advanced disease but also subtle early changes of ARVC/D with a high diagnostic accuracy; CMR also has incremental value in risk stratifying asymptomatic ARVC/D-associated desmosomal mutation carriers. Typical CMR findings in ARVC/D include RV dilatation and global RV systolic dysfunction, wall motion abnormalities, trabecular disarray, fatty infiltration of the RV (and in some cases - the LV) myocardium demonstrated by T1 signal, thinned and remodeled RV myocardium due to fibrofatty replacement, aneurysms of the RV and RVOT, and delayed hyperenhancement of the involved myocardium on gadolinium-enhanced sequences. This review will help the readers to recognize patterns of the CMR abnormalities consistent with ARVC/D.
Relation of Unconditioned and Conditioned Reflex: Effect of Prolongation of the work Period from the usual One Hour to a Period of Ten to Twenty Hours

(1940). Relation of Unconditioned and Conditioned Reflex: Effect of Prolongation of the work Period from the usual One Hour to a Period of Ten to Twenty Hours. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 377-385.
Detection of a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) in South Texas

Thai tick typhus rickettsia (strain TT-118), a spotted fever group rickettsia of indeterminant pathogenicity, was isolated from a mixed pool of larval Ixodes and Rhipicephalus ticks collected from Thailand in 1962. Here we report the surprising finding of a spotted fever group rickettsia with closest sequence homology to the Thai tick typhus rickettsia in Amblyomma cajennense (F.) ticks from south Texas. Sequence analysis was performed on segments of 3 genes that differentiate rickettsial species; all 3 genes sequenced, the 17-kDa, glta, and rompA, when compared with those of other rickettsiae, showed the highest degree of similarity to the Thai tick typhus rickettsia with 99.5, 99.5, and 100% homology, respectively. This is the 1st finding of a rickettsial species in A. cajennense ticks in Texas and the United States. If this rickettsia is pathogenic, exposure to infected A. cajennense ticks may pose a previously unrecognized health risk to people who have been fed upon by these ticks.
PREPARATION OF NANOMETER SIZED ZrO_2(Y_2O_3) POWDER BY CO-PRECIPITATION WITH SURFACTANT PROTECTANT

The co-deposition with Tween-80 was used to prepare the nanometer-sized powder ZrO2 stablized by Y2O3. The characterization of powders was studied by DTA-TG, XRD and TEM. The results show that the nanometer-sized powder ZrO2(Y2O3) has unaggolomerated high activity. The mean particle size of powders was about 3-9 nm and a specific surface area about 128.5-134.5 M2g-1 Cubic ZrO2 (Y2O3) can be obtained by sintering 1250 ℃ for 8 h, and the repeatability of the sintering is very well.
The potential of plants as a system for the development and production of human biologics

The growing promise of plant-made biologics is highlighted by the success story of ZMapp™ as a potentially life-saving drug during the Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016. Current plant expression platforms offer features beyond the traditional advantages of low cost, high scalability, increased safety, and eukaryotic protein modification. Novel transient expression vectors have been developed that allow the production of vaccines and therapeutics at unprecedented speed to control potential pandemics or bioterrorism attacks. Plant-host engineering provides a method for producing proteins with unique and uniform mammalian post-translational modifications, providing opportunities to develop biologics with increased efficacy relative to their mammalian cell-produced counterparts. Recent demonstrations that plant-made proteins can function as biocontrol agents of foodborne pathogens further exemplify the potential utility of plant-based protein production. However, resolving the technical and regulatory challenges of commercial-scale production, garnering acceptance from large pharmaceutical companies, and obtaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for several major classes of biologics are essential steps to fulfilling the untapped potential of this technology.
Total Wrist Arthroplasty for Posttraumatic Arthritis with Radius Deformity.

Newer implant designs and expanding experience have led to a gradual increase in the use of total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) for the treatment of posttraumatic arthritis. New challenges, however, may be encountered with this application, including bony deformities, previous or existing hardware, osteonecrosis, soft tissue injuries, and severe joint stiffness. Because the goals—to relieve pain and provide a functional range of motion—are the same as for more common TWA indications, these technical challenges, along with often higher patient expectations, are important considerations. This article presents possible solutions to these unique surgical challenges, including important preoperative planning to mitigate risks, and the expected outcomes in these patients.
The Athlete with Asthma and Allergies

The mechanisms and treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis are outlined. The goal of the physician treating athletes with asthma and allergies should be to allow maximum participation in sports; blanket excuses from physical education for asthmatics should be avoided. It may be beneficial for competitive athletes to have the physician and coach or trainer design a regimen that minimizes symptoms and maximizes attainment of athletic potential.
Improving patient-centered communication while using an electronic health record: Report from a curriculum evaluation.

IntroductionResearchers and clinicians are concerned about the impact of electronic health record use and patient-centered communication. Training about patient-centered clinical communication skil...
Measures of Values and Moral Personality

Interest in measuring moral reasoning and behavior has a long history in psychology, but an increasing number of contemporary research programs focus on conceptualizing and measuring individual differences in moral tendencies. We review six measures of moral personality, emphasizing a well-validated measure (the Schwartz Value Survey), a new measure that expands the scope of moral domains being assessed (Haidt’s Moral Foundations Questionnaire), and a new measure of moral personality that may benefit from greater psychometric evaluation (Peterson and Seligman’s Values in Action Questionnaire). Increased interest in the moral personality broadens personality psychology beyond the study of ‘normal’ personality traits such as the Big Five, while research into moral personality promises to complement other approaches to studying morality. As Hill and Roberts (2010) have noted, a more integrative approach to personality can provide researchers with solid empirical and research bases to answer important questions about morality.
L p Transforms on Compact Groups

It is an honor and a privilege to address this conference, honoring Marshall H. Stone on the occasion of his retirement from the University of Chicago. I offer my sincere thanks to the program committee for the opportunity of doing so.
Raising the Minimum Effective Dose of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants: Adverse Drug Events

This review focuses on the dose-response of serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants for efficacy and for adverse drug events (ADEs). Dose-response is identified by placebo-controlled, double-blind, fixed-dose clinical trials comparing various doses for efficacy and for ADEs. Reports from the great majority of clinical trials have consistently found that the minimum SRI effective dose is usually optimal for efficacy in the treatment of depression disorders, even though most American medical practitioners raise the dose when early antidepressant treatment results are negative or partial. To better understand this issue, the medical literature was comprehensively reviewed to ascertain the degree to which SRI medications resulted in a flat dose response for efficacy and then to identify specific ADEs that are dose-dependent. Strong evidence from fixed-dose trial data for the efficacy of nonascendant, minimum effective doses of SRIs was found for the treatment of both major depression and anxiety disorders. Particularly important was the finding that most SRI ADEs have an ascending dose-response curve. These ADEs include sexual dysfunction, hypertension, cardiac conduction risks, hyperglycemia, decreased bone density, sweating, withdrawal symptoms, and agitation. Thus, routinely raising the SRI dose above the minimum effective dose for efficacy can be counter-productive.
Computational STAT4 Rsnp Analysis, Transcriptional Factor Binding Sites and Disease

Purpose : The DIO2 gene transcribes the deiodinase type 2 enzyme that changes the thyroid prohormone, thyroxine (T4), to the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) hormone. T3 plays a vital part in the regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. DIO2 single - nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were computationally examined with respect to changes in punitive transc riptional factor binding sites (TFBS) and these changes were discussed in relation to human disease. Methods : The JASPAR CORE and ConSite databases were instrumental in identifying the TFBS. The Vector NTI Advance 11.5 computer program was employed in loc ating all the TFBS in the DIO2 gene from 2.4 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site to 508 bp past the 3’UTR. The JASPAR CORE database was also involved in computing each nucleotide occurrence (%) within the TFBS. Results : Regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) i n the promoter region novel SNP ( - 2035bp), 5’UTR (rs12885300), intron one (rs225010, 225011 and rs225012), exon two [rs225014 (Thr92Ala)] and 3’ UTR (rs6574549, rs225015 and rs225017) of the DIO2 gene are in linkage disequilibrium. These rSNP alleles were found to alter the DNA landscape for potential transcriptional factors (TFs) to attach resulting in changes in TFBS. Conclusion : The alleles of each rSNP were found to generate unique TFBS resulting in potential Short Research Article
Center Stage: Performing a Needs Assessment of Campus Research Centers and Institutes

ABSTRACTOutreach to research centers and institutes is often overlooked in academic libraries. This article discusses a needs assessment conducted by the Liaison Services Department at the University of Houston Libraries that reviewed library services to centers and institutes at the University of Houston's main campus. The assessment was conducted for two purposes: to build collaborations with centers and to determine how the libraries might create new services and/or market existing services to meet the centers and institutes' growing research needs.
MirrorDroid: A framework to detect sensitive information leakage in Android by duplicate program execution

Android applications can leak user's private information and now a days is a major concern. This paper presents MirrorDroid, a novel dynamic analysis based test framework to detect the leakage of private data by Android applications. Our method modifies the Dalvik Virtual Machine to follow execution of the target application with a parallel (mirror) version, which only differs in the sensitive input data. If all other inputs are kept equal, a variance between program output and its parallel version corresponds to an event of sensitive data disclosure. MirrorDroid was evaluated on an Android malware data set and 50 popular applications from the official Android Application Store. The result shows that the proposed system can detect leakage of sensitive data effectively and efficiently.
Commentary: Raptor—Evolution of the Term

COMENTARIO: RAPAZ - EVOLUCION DEL TERMINO El termino rapaz, utilizado hoy en dia ampliamente a traves de diversas disciplinas mas alla de la ciencia y la naturaleza, tiene origenes que convergen hasta el Proto-Indo-Europeo (PIE), una lengua hipotetica anterior a la mayoria de las lenguas del mundo. Se piensa que la raiz PIE postulada para h1rep representaba la accion de “agarrar” o “desplumar”. La raiz PIE se convirtio en Latin Clasico (75 AEC–3 EC) en la raiz verbal rap- y produjo la base de numerosas palabras, incluyendo rapaz. El camino lexico para rapaz en el ingles moderno siguio al menos tres rutas independientes y ha deambulado a traves del latin, ingles medio, aleman y frances antes de establecerse en nuestro actual lexico del ingles moderno. Rapaz ha tomado significados mas alla de su raiz original, incluyendo “robar, saquear, llevarse, incautar, forzar y violar”. Todas ellas han contribuido a la estigmatizacion de la naturaleza de estos depredadores. La amplitud de significados puede ser atribui...
XOR inhibition with febuxostat accelerates pulmonary endothelial barrier recovery and improves survival in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine sepsis

Sepsis is a leading cause of death among patients in the intensive care unit, resulting from multi-organ failure. Activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzyme, is known to be elevated in nonsurvivors of sepsis compared to survivors. We have previously demonstrated that XOR is critical for ventilator-induced lung injury. Using febuxostat, a novel nonpurine inhibitor of XOR, we sought to determine the role of XOR inhibition in a murine model of sepsis-induced lung injury and mortality. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to intravenous (IV) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for various time points, and lungs were harvested for analyses. Subsets of mice were treated with febuxostat, pre or post LPS exposure, or vehicle. Separate groups of mice were followed up for mortality after LPS exposure. After 24 hr of IV LPS, mice exhibited an increase in XOR activity in lung tissue and a significant increase in pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption. Pretreatment of animals with febuxostat before exposure to LPS, or treatment 4 h after LPS, resulted in complete abrogation of XOR activity. Inhibition of XOR with febuxostat did not prevent LPS-induced pulmonary vascular permeability at 24 h, however, it accelerated recovery of the pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity in response to LPS exposure. Furthermore, treatment with febuxostat resulted in significant reduction in mortality. Inhibition of XOR with febuxostat accelerates recovery of the pulmonary endothelial barrier and prevents LPS-induced mortality, whether given before or after exposure to LPS.
Thyroid Status in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Abstract Epidemiologic data show that predialysis and dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a substantially higher prevalence of hypothyroidism compared to their non-CKD counterparts. Various thyroid functional test alterations are also commonly observed in CKD due to the impaired metabolism, degradation, and excretion of thyroid hormone and its metabolites. While the mechanistic link and directionality of associations between thyroid and kidney disease have not been fully elucidated, existing data suggest that the relationship may be bidirectional. At this time, a growing body of evidence shows that thyroid functional derangements such as hypothyroidism and low circulating triiodothyronine levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death in dialysis patients. While levothyroxine is among the most commonly prescribed medications in predialysis and dialysis-dependent CKD patients based on United States Renal Data System data, there has been limited study of the impact of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on outcomes in this context. In this chapter, we will review the epidemiology of hypothyroidism and various thyroid functional test alterations commonly observed in CKD; potential mechanisms linking thyroid and kidney disease; and the prognostic implications of hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone alterations, and exogenous thyroid hormone replacement in the CKD population.
Model-based feedforward and cascade control of hydraulic McKibben muscles

Abstract McKibben artificial muscle actuators are predominantly pneumatically powered. Recently, hydraulic operation has gained interest due to its higher rigidity and efficiency. While there has been extensive control system development for pneumatic artificial muscles, little has been conducted hydraulically. This paper investigates three different controllers developed for a loaded robotic arm actuated with oil-hydraulic McKibben muscles. The goal was to achieve good angular position tracking over a range of frequencies up to 1 Hz. The first scheme, serving as the baseline, is a proportional-integral controller. The second architecture adds a nonlinear model-based feedforward term to the baseline controller; the feedforward includes the expected flowrate demands based on the actuator kinematics as well as the valve flow gain. The last scheme adds an inner pressure feedback loop to the second architecture. All controllers were evaluated with frequency and step response experiments. The results show that a simple proportional-integral controller has significant phase lag and attenuation at the higher frequencies tested; including the feedforward term almost completely eliminates these. The cascaded loop improves rise and settling times.
Family structure and child development in Chile: A longitudinal analysis of household transitions involving fathers and grandparents.

BACKGROUND Adults support child development economically, socially, and emotionally. Household transitions may disrupt these support structures, impacting child development. OBJECTIVE We document the large portion of children in Chile that experience biological-father and grandparent household transitions, and test if these transitions are associated with child vocabulary and behavior and if income could be a mechanism behind our findings. METHODS We apply first-differences and lagged-dependent-variable analyses to a large, nationally representative, longitudinal survey of over 5,000 Chilean children. RESULTS We find that children whose mothers separated from their parents' homes within the two years between two survey rounds have worse age-normalized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores than children in households without such transitions. Changes in income per capita do not explain these associations. When fathers enter households between the two survey rounds there is a gain in income per capita but no association between father entrance and child's vocabulary score. Similarly, there is no significant association between fathers separating from the household and child vocabulary, though father departure is associated with lower income per capita. We find no association between household transitions and Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that Chilean grandparents promote language development when coresiding with their grandchildren and that Chilean fathers are an important source of household income. CONTRIBUTION Our study examines fathers and grandparents simultaneously. We are able to take the directionality (i.e., movement in or out of the home) of biological father transitions into account.
Tornado Warnings at Night: Who Gets the Message?

AbstractNocturnal tornadoes are a public health threat, over twice as likely to have fatalities as tornadoes during the day. While tornado warning receipt is an important factor in models of indivi...
DEVELOPMENT OF TACTICAL GEOGRAPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The geographic patterns of warfare have changed greatly in the past 200 years. The development of the technology of warfare and the influence of technology on tactics in the 19 th century resulted in a more extensive geography of tactical warfare. Pre-Napoleonic armies were largely constrained by relatively short- range weapons and limited command control to be tactically linear. This began to change at about the time of the Napoleonic Wars. By the end of the 19 th century, increases in army size, weapons range, rate of fire, and accuracy led to both a lengthening and thickening of linear tactical forms and also an increasing use of terrain features and field entrenchments.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OPIOID PEPTIDES FROM BRAIN AND PITUITARY

Abstract 1 Fragments of the pituitary peptide, s-lipotropin, exert opioid effects in in vitro assays. 2 Most of the opioid activity in pituitary gland is associated with an endorphin of similar size and distribution to the largest active opioid fragment from s-lipotropin. 3 An endorphin with similar characteristics is present in brain, as well as a smaller trypsin-sensitive endorphin. 4 The use of trypsin in classifying endorphins and in revealing potential endorphin precursors is discussed.
Sharing Economy Perspectives in the Tourism Accommodation Sector

Tourism stakeholders of both the demand and supply side have found themselves involved in a furious debate about the present and future shape of the new provocative and hybrid economic activity of the sharing economy, and its counterpart in the tourism sector, where sharing economy has managed to bypass the established distribution channels and disrupt the traditional structure of the tourism business. This work attempts to: elaborate on the types and presence of the sharing economy in the tourism accommodation sector, and the disruptive innovation nature of it; analyse developments with regards to the sharing economy framework in the Greek tourism industry; and elaborate on the potential impacts of shared economy in tourism, while also discussing potential future implications of this trends.
Effect of Process Induced Residual Stress on Interlaminar Fracture Toughness on Hybrid Composites

Delaminations are of great concern to any fiber reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) structure. In order to develop the most efficient structure, designers may incorporate hybrid composites to either mitigate the weaknesses in one material or take advantage #of the strengths of another. When these hybrid structures are used at service temperatures outside of the cure temperature, residual stresses can develop at the dissimilar interfaces. These residual stresses impact the initial stress state at the crack tip of any flaw in the structure and govern whether microcracks, or other defects, grow into large scale delaminations. Recent experiments have shown that for certain hybrid layups which are used to determine the strain energy release rate, G, there may be significant temperature dependence on the apparent toughness. While Nairn and Yokozeki believe that this effect may solely be attributed to the release of stored strain energy in the specimen as the crack grows, others point to a change in the inherent mode mixity of the test, like in the classic interface crack between two elastic layers solution given by Suo and Hutchinson. When a crack is formed at the interface of two dissimilar materials, while the external loading, in the case of a double cantilever beam (DCB), is pure mode I, the stress field at the crack tip produces a mixed-mode failure. Perhaps a change in apparent toughness with temperature can be the result of an increase in mode mixity. This study serves to investigate whether the residual stress formed at the bimaterial interface produces a noticeable shift in the strain energy release rate-mode mixing curve.
Inpatient burden of juvenile dermatomyositis among children in the United States

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune disease that causes significant morbidity and quality of life impairment. Little is known about the inpatient burden of JDM in the US. Our goal was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hospitalization with juvenile dermatomyositis and assess inpatient burden of JDM. Data on 14,401,668 pediatric hospitalizations from the 2002–2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was analyzed. ICD-9-CM coding was used to identify hospitalizations with a diagnosis of JDM. There were 909 and 495 weighted admissions with a primary or secondary diagnosis of JDM, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models with stepwise selection, female sex (logistic regression; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) (2.22 [2.05–2.42]), non-winter season (fall: 1.18[1.06–1.33]; spring (1.13 [1.01–1.27]; summer (1.53 [1.37–1.71]), non-Medicaid administered government insurance coverage (2.59 [2.26–2.97]), and multiple chronic conditions (2–5: 1.41[1.30–1.54]; 6+: 1.24[1.00–1.52]) were all associated with higher rates of hospitalization for JDM. The weighted total length of stay (LOS) and inflation-adjusted cost of care for patients with a primary inpatient diagnosis of JDM was 19,159 days and $49,339,995 with geometric means [95% CI] of 2.50 [2.27–2.76] days and $7350 [$6228–$8674], respectively. Costs of hospitalization in primary JDM and length of stay and cost in secondary JDM were significantly higher compared to those without JDM. Notably, race/ethnicity was associated with increased LOS (log-linear regression; adjusted beta [95% confidence interval]) (Hispanic: 0.28 [0.14–0.41]; other non-white: 0.59 [0.31–0.86]) and cost of care (Hispanic: 0.30 [0.05–0.55]). JDM contributes to both increased length of hospitalization and inpatient cost of care. Non-Medicaid government insurance was associated with higher rates of hospitalization for JDM while Hispanic and other non-white racial/ethnic groups demonstrated increased LOS and cost of care.
Preliminary Validation of the SCM in a Sample of Early Adolescent Public School Children

The school climate measure (SCM) has demonstrated robust psychometrics in regionally diverse samples of high school–aged adolescents, but remains untested among early adolescents. Confirmatory fact...
The U-net and its impact to medical imaging (Conference Presentation)

The U-net has become the predominant choice when facing any medical image segmentation task. This is due to its high performance in many different medical domains. In this talk, I will introduce the U-net, and I will present three projects from DeepMind Health Research that use the U-net to address different challenges. The first project, a collaboration with University College London Hospital, deals with the challenging task of the precise segmentation of radiosensitive head and neck anatomy in CT scans, an essential input for radiotherapy planning. The second project, together with Moorfields Eye Hospital, developed a system that analyses 3D OCT (optical coherence tomography) eye scans to provide referral decisions for patients. The performance was on par with world experts with over 20 years experience. Finally, I will focus on the third project, which deals with the segmentation of ambiguous images. This is of particular relevance in medical imaging where ambiguities can often not be resolved from the image context alone. We propose a combination of a U-net with a conditional variational autoencoder that is capable of efficiently producing an unlimited number of plausible segmentation map hypotheses for a given ambiguous image. We show that each hypothesis provides a globally consistent segmentation, and that the probabilities of these hypotheses are well calibrated.
Technology Assessment to Improve Operations Counts at Non-Towered Airports:

Accurate airport operations counts are important for determining appropriate funding allocations for airport development and improvement. Fewer than 270 of the 2,950 non-primary airports in the Uni...
Cross-Cultural Care for PTSD

Have post-traumatic stress reactions and their related disorders already been adequately addressed? Have we gone through the worst of disastrous Third World wars, refugee hoards, hostage taking, drunk-driving victims, rape victims, and other victims of violence? I think not—and for several reasons.
Hacia una interpretación de los 1260 días de Apocalipsis

Este estudio discute los desafios exegeticos que enfrenta la interpretacion historicista del periodo de los 1260 dias (Ap 11:3 y 12:6), 42 meses (Ap 11:2 y 13:5) o “tiempo, tiempos y medio tiempo” (Ap 12:14). El autor efectua una exegesis de los textos que mencionan el periodo y esboza su teologia. Esto le permite concluir que la posicion historicista de los 1260 dias es en esencia exegeticamente defendible, al mismo tiempo que sugiere areas de estudio adicional en este terreno.
Neuronal stem cells

Abstract Experiments performed in recent years have shown that adult cells can be dedifferentiated to produce precursor cells for essentially any class of neuron. In cultured neurons from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal patients, researchers can compare differences. Also drugs can be tested for their ability to prevent Aβ plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in cultured neurons from AD patients. There is now evidence that dopaminergic neuronal precursors can replace dead or injured dopaminergic cells in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Also GABAergic neuronal precursors have been shown to replace dying GABAergic neurons in mouse models of schizophrenia and autism. These transplants employ trophic factor–receptor interactions to reach the appropriate destination.