cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urartian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Altintepe

“Hieroglyphic inscriptions” of various types are common at Urartian sites, but even without a systematic collection and study of them as a whole it is evident that the great majority are at best only pictographic in nature. The relatively small number of such texts, their brevity, the isolated occurrence of many of the signs and the lack of repetition from site to site make it unlikely that they represent any phonetically based writing system. Indeed, the claim of some authors that there existed a local, specifically Urartian hieroglyphic script has yet to be demonstrated.The hieroglyphic inscriptions from Altintepe, on the other hand, clearly belong to a different category. The length and consistency of the texts strongly suggest the employment of a regular script, while the close correspondence of the signs to those of the Hittite Hieroglyphic syllabary has led a number of scholars to contend that these are purely Hittite documents. The following study will show, however, not only that the language of the inscriptions is in fact Urartian, but also that they present some rather important new evidence for the reading of Hieroglyphic Hittite itself.
Magnetic resonance imaging of surgically confirmed anterior cruciate ligament graft disruption.

Objective To evaluate previously described primary and secondary MRI signs of disruption to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts in surgically proven cases.
Geographic variation in outcomes from severe traumatic brain injury.

Background Recent reports have documented a wide range of outcomes after treatment of severe traumatic brain injury at trauma centers throughout the world. Methods In an effort to test the contribution of geography to treatment outcome, we compared case series published from 1975 to 2009. Trauma centers were divided into those from the United States, other developed countries, and the developing world. We pooled data on mortality rates using meta-analytic techniques, and corrected for temporal trends and other covariates using meta-regression. Results Our search yielded 231 case series, totaling more than 121,000 cases. There was a decrease in mortality over time in all three geographic locales. The small advantage the United States had versus other high and moderate income countries tended to decrease over time, whereas low income countries reported significantly greater mortality, and their rates decreased more slowly over time. Conclusions Low income countries have the highest mortality rates in treating patients with severe closed traumatic brain injury. The lower intensity of treatment appears to be the largest contributor to the discrepancy, and other possible causes are discussed.
Subacute reactions to intrathecal amipaque (metrizamide), conray and dimer X: a structural and ultrastructural study.

Adult New Zealand rabbits were injected intrathecally with 200 or 300 mgI/ml of metrizamide, meglumine iocarmate or meglumine iothalamate. They were placed in the Trendelenburg position for 20 min and allowed to survive for 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Sacrifice was by intraarterial perfusion of aldehydes under anesthesia followed by preparation of brain and major venous sinuses for light and electron microscopy. Major findings were subpial edema and inflammatory reaction of superficial brain, leptomeninges, subarachnoid space and arachnoid granulations. They were most severe after iothalamate and milder after metrizamide. The severity decreased with time. It is of significance that severe reactions occurred after 300 mg I/ml concentration of metrizamide.
Lithotripsy plus ursodiol is superior to ursodiol alone for cholesterol gallstones.

Abstract The safety and efficacy of gallbladder extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy combined with 600 mg/day ursodiol were examined in 85 patients with radiolucent gallstones, 15 with lightly calcified gallstones, and 12 with radiolucent stones pretreated for ≥2 months with 600 mg/day ursodiol. Results were compared with those of a well-matched lithotripsy-eligible group of 32 subjects treated with ursodiol alone (no lithotripsy). Pretreatment with ursodiol significantly improved while gallstone calcification interfered with fragmentation. Small gallstone size and number also aided fragmentation. Biliary lithotripsy plus ursodiol increased efficacy twofold compared with ursodiol therapy alone (47% vs. 22% of subjects gallstone free; P P P
FIR prefiltering improves Prony's method

Prony's method, a technique for determining the parameters of sinusoidal signals, is known to be very sensitive to measurement errors in the observed signal samples. The authors present two prefiltering methods that improve the performance of Prony's method. The simple prefiltering operation reduces the effects of noise in the data without violating the fundamental property of Prony's method. In the first method, the prefilter is synthesized using prior knowledge regarding the approximate regions in the frequency domain where the signals are known to lie. In the second method, no prior knowledge is necessary. The prefilter is iteratively computed from the data samples themselves. Simulation results are given. Connections to other linear prediction methods are also indicated. >
Psychometric Analysis of a Scale to Assess Norms of Reciprocity of Social Support in Community-Based and Congregation-Based Groups

Reciprocity, a core component of social capital, is rarely theorized or measured leaving the relationship between reciprocity and health ambiguous. Historically, reciprocity measures have not been ...
Upstream treatment of acute coronary syndrome in the ED

Rapid risk stratification, selection of downstream management options, and institution of initial pharmacotherapy are essential to ensure that patients admitted to the emergency department with acute coronary syndromes receive optimal care. A broad range of antiplatelet and antithrombotic medications is available that permits tailoring of initial pharmacotherapy to each patient's risk status. In the urgent setting, thienopyridines (clopidogrel and prasugrel) carry limitations including response variability and increased risk for bleeding in patients requiring subsequent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor inhibitors, although they are highly effective in preventing ischemic events, must be used with care to reduce bleeding risk. Bivalirudin, a relatively new direct thrombin inhibitor, represents another upstream option but is costly and does not have approval for this indication. Simplified institutional management paradigms can streamline the process of selecting appropriate pharmacotherapy and aid in care delivery that will optimize patient outcomes.
Psychiatric manifestations of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: neurobiological underpinnings and differential diagnostic implications

Objective Anti- N -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is a recently discovered disorder with prominent psychiatric manifestations that is often misdiagnosed. The objective of this review is to raise awareness of the disorder among psychiatrists and to expand upon the diagnostic considerations that arise in the context of the neurobiology and symptomatology of this disorder. We also aim to examine the similarities in terms of symptoms and underlying neurobiology between anti-NMDA-R encephalitis and schizophrenia-spectrum illnesses. Methods The information presented will reflect a review of the literature of the symptomatology and pathophysiology of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis and the role of the NMDA-R in both anti-NMDA-R encephalitis and schizophrenia-spectrum illnesses. Results The studies reviewed highlight the role of the NMDA-R in both anti-NMDA-R encephalitis and schizophrenia in terms of symptom presentation and neurobiology. Studies have also begun to identify involvement of NMDA-R antibodies in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Conclusions There is an increasing need for psychiatrists to become aware of the disorder and consider it in their differential diagnosis, as they are often the first to be consulted on patients with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis. The similarities identified between anti-NMDA-R encephalitis and schizophrenia-spectrum illnesses also raise questions about a common underlying pathophysiology particularly in regard to the NMDA-R.
Cancer’s Fuel Choice: New Flavors for a Picky Eater

Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of ample oxygen, a process termed aerobic glycolysis, in 1924 (Warburg et al., 1924). Since then we have significantly advanced our understanding of cancers' fuel choice to meet their demands for energy and for the production of biosynthetic precursors. In this review, we will discuss the preferred nutrients of cancer cells and how they are utilized to satisfy their bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. In addition, we will describe how cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as oncogene mutations, nutrient and oxygen availability, and other microenvironmental factors influence fuel choice.
Beyond Superconvergence of Collocation Methods for Volterra Integral Equations of the First Kind

We discuss superconvergence aspects of collocation methods for Volterra integral equations of the first kind. If piecewise polynomials of degree ≤ p are used, then convergence of order p + 2 is best possible. We show here that one may perform some postprocessing on the collocation solution to obtain convergence of order p + 3. This possibility arises because of the oscillating error in the collocation solution. The relevance of superconvergence techniques to a third order Runge-Kutta method is also discussed.
Free Vibration Analysis Using Substructuring

The method of substructuring is developed and applied to the solution of free vibration problems for large structural systems. Modifications to the substructure stiffness and mass matrices permit the substructure mode shapes to more accurately conform to the complete system mode shapes. These modifications account for the elastic and inertial effects of the surrounding structure on each substructure. Computational algorithms are described which determine the substructure mode shapes associated with the lowest natural frequencies. These algorithms are based on an iterative scheme with an automatic starting method. The synthesis method for the determination of the system mode shapes from the substructure mode shapes is demonstrated. An example problem is solved and the solution compared to that obtained by a conventional method.
The Planes of Power

This essay examines various ways of describing the online game of Everquest, responding to and summarizing game studies scholarship that views Everquest as a fictive text, a computer game, and an online community. Each of these three distinct frameworks would seem to lead to different legal regulatory modalities, as the legal system approaches fiction, games, and communities in markedly different ways. In combining elements of fiction, game, and community in an integrated framework, Everquest challenges a prospective legal regulator to weigh policy considerations in determining how best to respond to an object and social practice that entails the interplay of various authorial, strategic, and community elements. Ultimately, the question of formulating an optimal regime of legal regulation for virtual worlds like Norrath must be seen as a potentially new question to be addressed by the political process, not a question that can be simply dealt with by the application of existing legal doctrines.
Effects of the Hydroxyl Group on Phenyl Based Ligand/ERRγ Protein Binding

Bisphenol-A (4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropane, BPA, or BPA-A) and its derivatives, when exposed to humans, may affect functions of multiple organs by specific binding to the human estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ). We carried out atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of three ligand compounds including BPA-A, 4-α-cumylphenol (BPA-C), and 2,2-diphenylpropane (BPA-D) binding to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of a human ERRγ to study the structures and energies associated with the binding. We used the implicit Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method to estimate the free energies of binding for the phenyl based compound/ERRγ systems. The addition of hydroxyl groups to the aromatic ring had only a minor effect on binding structures and a significant effect on ligand/protein binding energy in an aqueous solution. Free binding energies of BPA-D to the ERRγ were found to be considerably less than those of BPA-A and BPA-C to the ERRγ. These results are well correlated with those from experiments where no binding affinities were determined in the BPA-D/ERRγ complex. No conformational change was observed for the helix 12 (H-12) of ERRγ upon binding of these compounds preserving an active transcriptional conformation state.
The gp135 of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus affords greater sensitivity than the p28 in immunodiffusion serology

The 135,000 mw glycoprotein (gp135) and the 28,000 mw internal protein (p28) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are major viral constituents in precipitin lines formed between crude antigen preparations and sera from infected goats. In testing 307 goat and sheep sera, 118 samples were positive in a gp135 assay and only 82 were positive in a p28 assay. However, some goat sera were found which reacted only with the p28 and therefore testing for antibody against both proteins may be necessary to identify a maximum number of virus infected goats by immunodiffusion.
“Because She Knew That I Did Not Have a Social” Ad Hoc Guidance Strategies for Latino Undocumented Students

Understanding the challenges of Latino undocumented students in high school is crucial to improving their success rates in college. Based on interviews with 60 Latino undocumented youths, I explore...
Gastroenterology and Nutrition: Healthy Eating in Adolescence and Nutritional Supplements; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Inflammatory Bowel Disease

This chapter covers healthy eating and dietary guidelines in adolescence, performance-enhancing drugs and dietary supplements, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Crosslink Density Changes in Retrieved, Highly Cross-Linked UHMWPE Tibial Bearings Indicate Chain Scission Corresponding to in Vivo Oxidation

Irradiated, thermally stabilized, highly cross-linked UHMWPE bearings have demonstrated superior wear performance and improved in vitro oxidation resistance compared with terminally gamma-sterilized bearings, yet retrieval analysis reveals unanticipated in vivo oxidation in these materials. There has been little evidence to date that oxidation in these materials is leading to degradation of mechanical properties, but since oxidation has previously been shown to cause chain scission in other materials, there is the potential for oxidation to cause decreased molecular weight and crosslink density. The aim of this study was to determine whether measured in vivo oxidation in highly cross-linked tibial bearings corresponds with a decreasing crosslink density. Retrieval analysis for three tibial bearing materials reveals that crosslink density is decreasing following in vivo duration, and that the change in crosslink density is strongly correlated with oxidation. The results suggest that oxidation in highly cross-linked materials is causing chain scissions that may impact the material properties. If the correlation between oxidation and duration continues, then as longer duration, more oxidized devices are retrieved there is a potential for measurable mechanical property changes.
A theory of regime change on the Texas Coastal Plain

The adaptive cycle, a seminal component of resilience theory, is a powerful model that archaeologists use to understand the persistence and transformation of prehistoric societies. In this paper, we argue that resilience theory will have a more enduring explanatory role in archaeology if scholars can build on the initial insights of the adaptive cycle model and create more contextualized hypotheses of social-ecological change. By contextualized hypotheses we mean testable hypotheses that specify: (1) the form of the connections among people and ecological elements and how those connections change; and (2) the resilience-vulnerability tradeoffs associated with changes in the networks and institutions that link social and ecological processes. To develop such a contextualized hypothesis, we combine our knowledge of the prehistory of the Texas Coastal Plain (TCP), mathematical modeling, and the concept of panarchy to study why human societies successfully cope with the interrelated forces of globalization, population growth, and climate change, and, sometimes, fail to cope with these interrelated forces. Our hypothesis is that, in response to population growth, hunter-gatherers on the TCP created increasingly dense social networks that allowed individuals to maintain residual access to important sources of food. While this was a good strategy for individuals to maintain a reliable supply of food in a variable environment, increasingly elaborate social networks created a panarchy of reachable forager-resource systems. The panarchy of forager-resource systems on the TCP created a hidden fragility: The potential for the failure of resources in one system to cascade from system-to-system across the entire TCP. We propose that this occurred around 700 years BP, causing a 6000 year old ritual and mortuary complex to reorganize.
Algorithmic Irreducibility in a Cellular Automata Universe.

We discuss how to compute the halting probability Omega in the limit in a cellular automata world.
The Natural Rights of Virtue

The intellectual and ethical subject matter of Piers Plowman, as depicted through an expansive array of allegorical figures, makes it a text ideally suited for philosophical inquiry. Indeed, the personifications of the mind emphasize the individual’s responsibility in choosing the best course of action. Focusing upon the poem’s second vision, this chapter examines the King’s judgment of Mede, the representation of financial remuneration, and how his ruling prioritizes natural rights, not statutes, as the means to overcome social inequities. Natural rights are those liberties guaranteed to every person in order to lead a productive and dignified life. Ockham is the first to develop a systematic theory, as it pertains to political rights. Investigating this theory reveals that the allegorical teaming of Reason and Conscience mirrors his notion of right reason. Through right reason, the King can delineate virtue from vice and determine those circumstances where these rights can operate independently of the law or customs of the community. The challenge before the King is to know when to put them into praxis. By joining the company of Reason and Conscience, he displays a heartfelt commitment to privilege moral goodness before legislated mandate.
Modeling the Piriform Cortex

The primary olfactory cortex, or piriform cortex, has been the focus of considerable modeling research. These models range from early work focused on electroen-cephalographic (EEG) data to more recent work constructing networks from com-partmental biophysical simulations of individual neurons. Ultimately, effective models of the cortex must link different levels of analysis; they must account for the function of the region in a behavioral context, without violating the constraints of physiological and anatomical data. Section 2 provides an overview of the experimental data available for constraining models of the piriform cortex. Models of the piriform cortex have addressed both physiological data and functional hypotheses, and will here be evaluated from both perspectives. In Section 3, this review focuses on the use of models to simulate specific physiological data—particularly EEG and field potential data demonstrating oscillatory dynamics. In Section 4, this review focuses on the use of models to evaluate specific functional hypotheses. The chapter concludes in Section 5 with a discussion of important issues to be addressed in further modeling research.
Student Loans, Marginal Costs, and Markups: Estimates From the PLUS Program

We estimate the degree of private colleges’ market power. For identification, we exploit a 2011 tightening of credit standards in the PLUS loan program, in response to which enrollment, tuition, and expenditures all fell at colleges that relied heavily on PLUS loans. We exploit this demand shock to estimate marginal costs and compute markups of tuition over that cost. We find that marginal costs are at most half of tuition charges per student, implying that colleges have substantial market power in setting their prices. We further document that market power is greater (markups are higher) at for-profit schools, at schools in less-densely populated states, and at schools in states with fewer public schools. Our large estimated markups have implications for the incidence of financial aid (the Bennett Hypothesis), and contrast prior studies that estimate small markups in higher education.
Molecule of the Month: Relating Organic Chemistry Principles to Drug Action

A molecule of the month extra credit assignment was introduced to a didactic introductory pharmacology and medicinal chemistry course for first-year pharmacy students. The structure of a clinically approved drug molecule was presented to students each month of the course after the first month. Students would answer questions pertaining to the name of the drug, its mechanism of action, specific aspects of its chemistry, and the indication(s) it is used in. Mean and median course scores were compared between classes of students who undertook molecule of the month questions and classes that did not. Extra credit earned from molecule of the month questions could not be applied to failing scores. Students overwhelmingly participated (85–96%) in answering molecule of the month questions. Students who had the molecule of the month questions available performed significantly better than those that did not. The number of students receiving a final course score >91% increased more than 3-fold, and no students attai...
Correction to: Patient Adherence to Dysphagia Recommendations: A Systematic Review.

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistakes. The second sentence in the section “Results”, under the heading “Study Design” was incorrect. It should read as: Two studies [24, 29] used a prospective cohort study design with a JAMA rating of 2. Four studies [17, 25, 27, 34] completed retrospective studies earning a JAMA score of 3. Four studies [26, 28, 30, 33] earned a JAMA quality rating score of 4 and used the following designs: case series [26, 28, 33], and pilot study [30]. In Table 1, “Study Population (n)” and “Design (JAMA quality rating)” values were incorrect for Shinn et al. (2013) [24]. The correct information is given here. HNC (n = 109) Prospective Cohort (2).
Ruderal Ecologies: Rethinking Nature, Migration, and the Urban Landscape in Berlin

Engaging with a series of human–plant encounters in Berlin, this article explores possibilities for rethinking the heterogeneity of urban life in the ruins of European nationalism and capitalism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and revisiting Berlin’s postwar history of botanical research, I develop the concept of the ruderal and expand it for an anthropological inquiry of urban life. The term ruderal was originally used by Berlin ecologists after the Second World War to refer to ecologies that spontaneously inhabit disturbed environments: the spaces alongside train tracks or roads, wastelands, or rubble. Exploring Berlin as a ruderal city, I direct attention to the often unnoticed, cosmopolitan, and unruly ways of remaking the urban fabric at a time of increased nationalism and ecological destruction. Tracing human–plant socialities in encounters between scientists and rubble plants, in public culture, and among immigrants and their makeshift urban gardens, the lens of the ruderal directs ethnographic analysis toward the city’s unintended ecologies as these are produced in the context of nation-making, war, xenophobia, migration, environmental change, and contemporary austerity policies. Attending to ruderal worlds, I argue, requires telling stories that do not easily add up but that combine environmental perspectives with the study of migration, race, and social inequality—in the interest of mapping out possibilities for change. This framework thus expands a recent anthropological focus on ruins, infrastructure, and urban landscapes by highlighting questions of social justice that are at stake in emerging urban ecologies and an era of inhospitable environments.
Application of a variance‐based sensitivity analysis method to the Biomass Scenario Learning Model

Variance‐based sensitivity analysis can provide a comprehensive understanding of the input factors that drive model behavior, complementing more traditional system dynamics methods with quantitative metrics. This paper presents the methodology of a variance‐based sensitivity analysis of the Biomass Scenario Learning Model, a published STELLA model of interactions among investment, production, and learning in an emerging competitive industry. We document the methodology requirements, interpretations, and constraints, and compute estimated sensitivity indices and their uncertainties. We show that application of variance‐based sensitivity analysis to the model allows us to test for non‐additivity, identify influential and interactive variables, and confirm model formulation. To enable use of this type of sensitivity analysis in other system dynamics models, we provide this study's R code, annotated to facilitate adaptation to other studies. A related paper describes application of these techniques to the much larger Biomass Scenario Model.
When patients seem overly optimistic.

When a patient seems to have unrealistic hopes in the face of a grave prognosis, it is the clinician's responsibility to identify barriers to his or her understanding, assess reasons for continued hopefulness, evaluate the risks and benefits of more frank discussions, offer information about prognosis, and obtain a surrogate decision maker if time is short.
The Clastogenicity of Morphine Sulfate in vivo

An opioid analgesic, morphine, and an opioid peptide, β-endorphin, have been shown to induce chromosome damage, as indicated by an increased frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes, following acute administration to mice. The genotoxic response is opioid receptor-mediated and is abolished in adrenalectomized animals. Further, plasma from morphine-treated animals also induces micronuclei formation in naive lymphocytes in vitro; this response is blocked by inclusion the steroid antagonist RU 486 in the incubation mixture. In addition to the steroid-mediated production of chromosome damage, morphine acts directly on lymphocytes to enhance the clastogenicity of acutely administered cyclophosphamide in manner consistent with depressed DNA repair capacity.
Infant Distress During Immunization: A Multimethod Assessment

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively describe infant procedural distress and pain across assessment modalities, and to compare similarities and differences across measures. A multimethod assessment of distress was conducted to investigate infants (N = 37) undergoing routine immunizations. Measures of infant distress included Parent report, nurse report, infant heart rate, and an observational measure of infant distress. Parents rated their infant's distress and pain significantly higher than did nurses. Observational and physiological ratings of infant distress were found to vary significantly by phase, and there were no correlations between adult ratings of pain and distress and physiological ratings. Findings suggest that infant procedural distress can be assessed in a number of manners. The discordance between these measures emphasizes the need for multimethod assessment of pediatric procedural distress in both research and clinical settings. Given the differences between parent and nurse ratings, clinicians should be aware that different assessment methods might lead to different conclusions about infant procedural distress.
Evaluating rice for salinity using pot-culture provides a systematic tolerance assessment at the seedling stage.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple food crops consumed globally. However, rice production is severely affected by high salinity levels, particularly at the seedling stage. A good solution would be the development of an efficient screening methodology to identify genotypes possessing genes for salt tolerance. A new salinity tolerance screening technique using rice seedlings in pot-culture was tested. This method controls soil heterogeneity by using pure sand as a growth medium and minimizes unexpected extreme weather conditions with a movable shelter. Seventy-four rice genotypes were screened at three salinity treatments including high salt stress (electrical conductivity (EC) 12 dSm− 1), moderate salt stress (EC 6 dSm− 1), and control (no salt stress), imposed 1 week after emergence. Several shoot and root morpho-physiological traits were measured at 37 days after sowing. A wide range of variability was observed among genotypes for measured traits with root traits being identified as the best descriptors for tolerance to salt stress conditions. Salt stress response indices (SSRI) were used to classify the 74 rice genotypes; 7 genotypes (9.46%) were identified as salt sensitive, 27 (36.48%) each as low and moderately salt tolerant, and 13 (17.57%) as highly salt tolerant. Genotypes FED 473 and IR85427 were identified as the most salt tolerant and salt sensitive, respectively. These results were further confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) for accuracy and reliability. Although tolerant genotypes still need to be confirmed in field studies and tolerance mechanisms identified at the molecular level, information gained from this study could help rice breeders and other scientists to accelerate breeding by selecting appropriate donor parents, progenies and potential genotypes at early growth stages necessary for salinity tolerance research.
Number of skin biopsies needed per malignancy: Comparing the use of skin biopsies among dermatologists and nondermatologist clinicians.

Background There are too few board-certified dermatologists to treat all patients with skin disease. Primary care physicians often serve at the frontline of skin cancer screening. Objective To compare biopsy use among dermatologist physicians, dermatology advanced practice professionals (APPs), primary care physicians (PCPs), and other nondermatology clinicians. Methods Pathology reports, requisition forms, and clinical notes of skin biopsies submitted to our institution during the study period were reviewed. Skin biopsies for inflammatory conditions, cosmetic or functional purposes, and re-excisions were excluded. The number needed to biopsy (NNB) was calculated as the number of biopsied lesions divided by histologically proven skin cancers. Results The NNB by clinician type was 2.82 for dermatology physicians, 4.69 for APPs, 4.55 for nondermatology PCPs, and 6.55 for other nondermatology clinicians (P Limitations The NNB represents a measure of use but gives no insight into the number of malignant lesions that go unbiopsied and, therefore, undiagnosed. The prevalence of skin cancer varies among dermatology and nondermatology practices. The results are not generalizable to all practice settings. Conclusions Dermatology physicians had the lowest NNB of all clinician groups. PCPs performed similarly to dermatology APPs.
Advancing Lithium Niobate Based Thin Film Devices for 5G Front-Ends

A brief review of the motivations and development effort for LN thin film devices is offered before recent advances on LN thin film devices are reported. LN devices for a sub-6 GHz band and X-band have designed and fabricated. As a result of the design and implementation effort, the most advanced LN resonator is reported at 1. 7 GHz with a kt2 of 14%, a high Q of 3112, a FoM of 435, and a spurious-free response, greatly surpassing the state of art at this frequency range. An acoustic prototype filter at 10 GHz is also demonstrated with an insertion loss of 3.8 dB, out of band rejection of 20 dB, and an FBW of 0.8%.
Service-Connected Disability and the Veteran Mortality Disadvantage

Research consistently reports a veteran mortality disadvantage relative to nonveterans, but has not considered the contribution of service-connected disability to this differential. We use data fro...
Senior Leadership Teams in Higher Education: What We Know and What We Need to Know

Senior leadership teams are the key decision-makers invested with authority who work collectively to achieve organizational goals. While there is a rich literature on this topic across many disciplines, there is a dearth of research on this topic in higher education. In this article we argue for the need for research on senior leadership teams given their centrality in facilitating the changes needed in higher education. We summarize the key literature from other sectors in order to provide a foundation for a higher education research agenda on this topic. We also review the limited number of such studies that have been conducted in higher education, and we end with implications for practice and a proposed research agenda.
Effect of an electric field on the stability of binary dielectric fluid mixtures.

We consider the phase stability of binary fluid mixtures with constituents of contrasting dielectric properties in the presence of a static applied electric field, E0. The dielectric fluid is modeled using a recently developed field-theoretic representation for the equilibrium behavior of a system of polarizable molecular species [J. M. Martin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 145, 154104 (2016)]. The dielectric displacement of the fluid, D, is obtained from a direct E0 derivative of the fluid’s free energy, illuminating coupled structural and electrostatic fluctuations that manifest in the dielectric properties of the fluid. Linearizing D with respect to E0 yields an explicit, molecularly based expression for the dielectric constant of the fluid mixture, ϵ, through the relation D = ϵE0. In the linear response regime, the composition dependence of ϵ completely specifies the applied field-dependent contribution to the fluid’s miscibility, which we enumerate as a contribution χE to a Flory interaction parameter. Using a Gaussian approximation to the field theory, we obtain an expression for χE that relates structural and electrostatic contrast between dissimilar molecules to miscibility in the presence of an applied field. Specifically, contrast between wavevector-dependent, single-molecule correlation functions, Λ^A/B(k), emerges as a necessary ingredient for electric field-induced mixing, corresponding to χE < 0. The character of χE is considered in three classes of binary systems: a binary simple fluid, a homopolymer blend, and a homopolymer solution. Within each system, the form for Λ^A/B accounts for molecular architecture effects, such as chain connectivity. Our findings elucidate the conditions for which one should expect electric field induced mixing or demixing for each class of mixture.
Extracting Family History of Patients From Clinical Narratives: Exploring an End-to-End Solution With Deep Learning Models.

Background: Patients’ family history (FH) is a critical risk factor associated with numerous diseases. However, FH information is not well captured in the structured database but often documented in clinical narratives. Natural language processing (NLP) is the key technology to extract patients’ FH from clinical narratives. In 2019, the National NLP Clinical Challenge (n2c2) organized shared tasks to solicit NLP methods for FH information extraction. Objective: This study presents our end-to-end FH extraction system developed during the 2019 n2c2 open shared task as well as the new transformer-based models that we developed after the challenge. We seek to develop a machine learning–based solution for FH information extraction without task-specific rules created by hand. Methods: We developed deep learning–based systems for FH concept extraction and relation identification. We explored deep learning models including long short-term memory-conditional random fields and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) as well as developed ensemble models using a majority voting strategy. To further optimize performance, we systematically compared 3 different strategies to use BERT output representations for relation identification. Results: Our system was among the top-ranked systems (3 out of 21) in the challenge. Our best system achieved micro-averaged F1 scores of 0.7944 and 0.6544 for concept extraction and relation identification, respectively. After challenge, we further explored new transformer-based models and improved the performances of both subtasks to 0.8249 and 0.6775, respectively. For relation identification, our system achieved a performance comparable to the best system (0.6810) reported in the challenge. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing deep learning methods to extract FH information from clinical narratives.
Incentives and Performance with Optimal Money Management Contracts

I characterize the dynamics of incentives in an optimal contract with investment delegation, moral hazard, and uncertainty about the agent's productivity. The principal increases the agent's incentives after good performance in order to delegate more capital to an agent with higher perceived productivity, thus implementing a convex pay-for-performance scheme. Moreover, the principal commits to reduce the agent's future incentives in order to mitigate ex-ante investment distortions. Methodologically, I provide a duality-based strategy to overcome technical challenges common to continuous-time contracting models with state variables. I also derive a sufficient condition to verify the validity of the first-order approach.
Conflicts of Interest of Pediatric Journal Authors

Abstract The Physician Payments Sunshine Act requires disclosure of payments made by drug and medical device manufacturers to physicians or teaching hospitals. Academic literature extensively documents gender disparities in the medical profession with regard to salary, promotion, and government funded research. This investigation sought to quantify potential conflicts of interest (CoIs) in pediatric medical journals, specifically examining sex differences. To identify potential CoIs, we examined manuscripts published prior to 2019 in six pediatric journals (JAMA Pediatrics, Pediatrics, The Journal of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal). We collected physician demographics and specialty from the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System National Provider Identifier Registry and compensation data from both ProPublica’s Dollars for Docs (PDD) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments (CMSOP). Data was collected on 2,747 authors from 929 manuscripts. Of the 1,088 authors based in the United States with medical degrees (40.5% female), 510 (46.9%) had entries in PDD and CMSOP. Overall, 11,791 payments to these physician-authors totaled $9,586,089.97. Males were 19.6% more likely to receive payments (RR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.05, 1.37], p = 0.008). The mean amount received by males was $23,250.71 while that received by females was $10,970.78 (mean difference = 12,279.92, 95% CI = (2036.31, 22,523.54), p = 0.019). A comprehensive understanding of these CoIs can inform the disclosure policies of journals to promote transparency of authors.
Space Flight Qualification Program for the AMS-02 Commercial Cryocoolers

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) experiment is a state-of-the-art particle physics detector containing a large superfluid helium-cooled superconducting magnet. Highly sensitive detector plates inside the magnet measure a particle’s speed, momentum, charge, and path. The AMS-02 experiment will study the properties and origin of cosmic particles and nuclei including antimatter and dark matter. AMS-02 will be installed on the International Space Station on Utilization Flight-4. The experiment will be run for at least three years.
Petrological Systematics of Submarine Basalt Glasses from the Puna Ridge, Hawai'i: Implications for Rift Zone Plumbing and Magmatic Processes

We report systematic chemical variations in volcanic glasses collected along the submarine East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano (Puna Ridge), Hawaii during a comprehensive mapping and sampling effort. Electron microprobe major and minor element data for 193 volcanic glass samples, and S, Cl, and F concentrations in 80 samples from 56 glass cores, 22 dredges, and two Shinkai 6500 submersible dives along the axis and south flank of the Puna Ridge are discussed. All Puna Ridge samples are tholeiitic basalts and most of the lavas contain olivine, augite ± plagioclase, but some contain only olivine and are modal picrites. The main suite of lavas define a fractionation trend similar to subaerial Kilauea lavas, with Al 2 O 3 concentrations peaking at 6.3 wt% MgO. Several dredges collected on the south flank of the Puna Ridge and at the deep, distal end of the Puna Ridge axis are enriched in Al 2 O 3 relative to other axial lavas at simi-lar Mg/(Mg+Fe). These liquids are also high in chlorine relative to most other Puna Ridge samples and we attribute their unique compositions to suppression of plagioclase crystallization either at higher pressure or in the presence of higher water concentrations. The high Cl concentrations are probably due to assimilation of altered oceanic crustal wall rocks into the fractionating magma chamber at the base of the rift zone. Six samples collected from a 70 km 2 flood basalt flow in the moat on the southern margin of the Puna Ridge are alkalic with 0.95 wt% K 2 O. These lavas are aphyric, very fresh, and have distinctly higher K/Ti ratios than Puna Ridge lavas at similar Mg/(Mg+Fe) precluding a common mantle source for the two populations.
Forced Two-Phase Cooling of the TPC Superconducting Solenoid

This paper describes the cryogenic tests of the TPC 2-meter-diameter superconducting solenoid on a 200 W refrigerator with gas-bearing turbines. The solenoid is cooled with two phase helium in forced flow around the superconducting winding. The two-phase helium was circulated using either the J-T circuit flow or a bellows type liquid helium pump. The particular problems associated with running a variable load on a gas-bearing turbine refrigerator are discussed.
Institutional Drivers of Assimilation of Information Security Policies and Procedures in U.S. Firms: Test of an Empirical Model

Information security-related policies are important for organizations to safeguard against threats and plan for adverse events. However, adoption of policies (devised to insure security, privacy and acceptable use in organization, as well as to outline audit processes, disaster recovery and business continuance planning) are equally important for organizations to insure legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders. This paper presents findings from a study that examines the degree to which institutional pressures effect the assimilation of security-related policies and procedures, i.e. The level of adoption. We examine the forces that influence assimilation of policies. Consistent with prior research, we measure mimetic, normative, and coercive forces, as perceived by managers in our sample organizations, and the current level of security-related policy assimilation. We find that the strength and significance of all three forces are confirmed.
A flexible tool for visualizing assembly code

Reading an assembly program can often be a tedious and slow process, and one can easily lose patience while looking for important features such as nested loops or function calls. In this paper the authors describe a tool in which this process is automated. Furthermore, we designed our tool in such a way that it can work for any assembly language. The tool actually consists of two programs that can be run independently - one program performs a basic parse of the assembly code to detect all the control-flow features. The other program takes this control-flow information and presents it in a Java GUI Frame. Although it is in the prototype stage and we are only using it in class for the first time, we have found our tool saves much human effort and is computationally efficient in discovering the structure of assembly code.
Over-expression of F5H in COMT-deficient Arabidopsis leads to enrichment of an unusual lignin and disruption of pollen wall formation

The presence of the phenylpropanoid polymer lignin in plant cell walls impedes breakdown of polysaccharides to the fermentable sugars that are used in biofuel production. Genetically modified plants with altered lignin properties hold great promise to improve biomass degradability. Here, we describe the generation of a new type of lignin enriched in 5-hydroxy-guaiacyl units by over-expressing ferulate 5-hydroxylase in a line of Arabidopsis lacking caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. The lignin modification strategy had a profound impact on plant growth and development and cell-wall properties, and resulted in male sterility due to complete disruption of formation of the pollen wall. The modified plants showed significantly improved cell-wall enzymatic saccharification efficiency without a reduction in post-harvest biomass yield despite the alterations in the overall growth morphology. This study demonstrated the plasticity of lignin polymerization in terms of incorporation of unusual monomers that chemically resemble conventional monomers, and also revealed the link between the biosynthetic pathways of lignin and the pollen wall-forming sporopollenin.