cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure patient uncertainty: The “Uncertainty Scale”:

Research suggests that patient uncertainty related to experiencing symptoms may drive decisions to seek care. The only validated measure of patient uncertainty assesses uncertainty related to defined illness. In prior work, we engaged patients to describe uncertainty related to symptoms and used findings to develop the 'U-Scale' scale. In this work, we present results from preliminary scale reliability and validity testing. Psychometric testing demonstrated content validity, high internal consistency, and evidence for concurrent validity. Next steps include administration in diverse populations for continued refinement and validation, and exploration of the potential contribution of uncertainty to healthcare utilization.
Management Strategies for Industrial Laboratories with Knowledge Memory

We present a simplified abstraction of an industrial laboratory consisting of a two-stage network, Research (R) and Development (D). Ideas and prototypes are incubated in the R stage, the projects departing this stage are assessed, and, if favorable, the project proceeds to the D stage. Revenue is generated from the sale of products/solutions that are outputs of the D stage, and the sale and licensing of patents that are generated at both stages. In our discrete time model, in each time period the managers of the industrial laboratory are given a constant amount of money to invest in the two stages. The investments determine the capacities of the stages based on linear unit costs. A novel feature of the model is "knowledge stocks" for the stages, which represent the accumulated know-how from practicing research and development activities; higher knowledge stock implies lower cost. The memory in knowledge stocks makes current investment decisions have long term impact on costs and profits. Three strategies for profit maximization are investigated. In myopic profit maximization we show the existence of multiple equilibria and the phenomenon of state entrapment in suboptimal regimes, which are absent in the other strategies. Numerical results illustrate the main features of the model.
Care of the Postop Craniectomy/Craniotomy Patient

Postoperative care of patients after having undergone craniotomy or craniectomy is common in the surgical ICU. It is vital for a modern surgical intensivist to have an understanding of indications for craniotomies and craniectomies, to have basic understanding of how the procedures are performed, and what to expect postop. This includes knowing indications for antibiotic use, drain care, seizure prophylaxis, and anticoagulation. Also, it is important to develop good neurological exam skills and have an understanding of the tiered approach to treating elevated intracranial pressures. Finally a basic understanding of common complications will undoubtedly aid in caring for these complex patients.
Trajectory Calculations of Electron Stimulated Desorption of Positive and Negative Ions

An important issue in ESDIAD (electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution) of positive and negative ions from surfaces concerns the influence of final-state effects on the trajectories of desorbed ions. It is believed that the initial repulsive forces propelling ESD ions from surfaces often originate from 2 hole repulsive states which act along the original chemical bond direction[l]. However, final state effects, including image field effects, reneutralization, and coadsorbed impurity ions can influence the measured ion desorption angles by distorting the ion trajectories and thus the angular distributions. Several recent papers have described classical trajectory calculations in which the image force [2,3] and reneutralization [4] were included.
Multiligament Repair With Suture Augmentation in a Knee Dislocation With Medial-Sided Injury

Abstract Knee dislocations often result in a severe multiligament injured knee (MLIK) with complex instability. Multiligament reconstruction can successfully restore knee stability and is commonly recommended, although surgical morbidity is induced by graft harvesting and tunnel drilling, and convergence of multiple tunnels can complicate the surgery. Therefore, as an alternative, primary repair of knee ligaments is currently reconsidered. The main advantages of primary repair consist of tissue preservation and decrease of surgical morbidity, which might improve knee functionality. Techniques in which avulsed ligaments are reapproximated to their anatomic origin have resulted in good clinical outcomes in selected patients over the past decade. More recently, repaired ligaments have been augmented with suture tape, to protect them from excessive stretch, which can improve healing and allows early rehabilitation. The surgical technique of primary repair in the multiligament injured knee has not yet been described. The purpose of this Technical Note is to explain suture augmented primary repair in KDIII-M injury, including the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and medial collateral ligament.
Investigation of the abnormal nasal aerodynamics and trigeminal functions among empty nose syndrome patients.

BACKGROUND Abnormal nasal aerodynamics or trigeminal functions have been frequently implicated in the symptomology of empty nose syndrome (ENS), yet with limited evidence. METHODS Individual computed tomography (CT)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to 27 ENS patients to simulate their nasal aerodynamics and compared with 42 healthy controls. Patients' symptoms were confirmed with Empty Nose Syndrome 6-item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was measured with menthol lateralization detection thresholds (LDTs). RESULTS ENS patients had significantly lower (∼25.7%) nasal resistance and higher (∼2.8 times) cross-sectional areas compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.001). Despite inferior turbinate reductions, CFD analysis demonstrated that ENS patients had increased airflow concentrated in the middle meatus region (66.5% ± 18.3%) compared to healthy controls (49.9% ± 15.1%, p < 0.0001). Significantly less airflow (25.8% ± 17.6%) and lower peak wall shear stress (WSS) (0.58 ± 0.24 Pa) were found in the inferior meatus (vs healthy: 36.5% ± 15.9%; 1.18 ± 0.81 Pa, both p < 0.05), with the latter significantly correlated with the symptom scores of ENS6Q (r = -0.398, p = 0.003). Item-wise, complaints of "suffocation" and "nose feels too open" were also found to be significantly correlated with peak WSS around the inferior turbinate (r = -0.295, p = 0.031; and r = -0.388, p = 0.004, respectively). These correlations were all negative, indicating that less air-mucosal stimulations resulted in worse symptom scores. ENS patients (n = 12) also had impaired menthol LDT when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This is the first CFD examination of nasal aerodynamics in a large cohort of ENS patients. The results indicated that a combination of loss of neural sensitivity and poorer inferior air-mucosal stimulation may potentially lead to ENS symptomology.
UNIVERSITY STARTUP INTENSITY AND FACULTY QUALITY

Using a theoretical model of university technology transfer and licensing survey data from 1991 to 2013, we show that greater faculty quality and venture capital availability is positively associated with licenses to startups. We employ a two‐stage game of licensing terms (royalty rate and fixed fee) and development efforts to show that under reasonable conditions, licensing to a startup rather than an established firm will be more attractive to a technology transfer office (TTO) because the inventor's ownership share in a startup firm will increase total development efforts by the inventor and licensee. TTOs will be more likely to target startup licensees when the marginal effect of the faculty inventor's additional development effort on the probability of success is large relative to that of the venture capitalist or established firm. Empirical evidence supports the results of the model; using Associated University Technology Data licensing survey data and employing panel and cross‐sectional analyses, we show that an increase in the quality of engineering faculty has roughly twice the positive impact on startup licenses than on established firm licenses. Startup licensing is also strongly impacted by venture capital availability within institutions over time. (JEL L24, L26, D86)
Resilience Only Gets You So Far: Volunteer Incivility and Burnout

Although multiple factors have been found to induce burnout in volunteers, studies examining relationships among volunteer coworkers as a potential stressor are sorely lacking. Through the lens of ...
Base Substitution Mutations

Base substitution mutations are mutations that change 1 bp in the DNA for another. The consequence of this change depends on whether or not the codon has been changed so that it now codes for a different amino acid, or if it has been changed to a stop codon. Base substitutions occur spontaneously and can be induced by a number of DNA damaging agents.
The My Emotions Questionnaire: A self-report of mothers' emotional responses to infant crying.

The purpose of this article was to examine the psychometrics of the My Emotions Questionnaire, a self-report designed to assess mothers' emotional reactions when their infants cry. Participants were 240 first-time mothers. When infants were 6 months and 1 year old, mothers completed the new questionnaire and measures assessing beliefs and behavioral responses to infant crying, and interview-based measures of mothers' emotional reactions and causal attributions about crying were administered. Maternal sensitivity and negative behaviors were observed when infants were 6 months and 1 and 2 years old. Mothers reported on their discipline practices when children were 2 years old. Five emotion factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 6-month data: Amusement, Anxiety, Frustration, Sympathy, and Protective. The five-factor structure was supported via a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 1-year data. All scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 1 year. Amusement, Frustration, and Protectiveness demonstrated the best convergent validity with cry cognitions and predictive validity to parenting measures, followed by Anxiety, although effects tended to be small to moderate. Evidence for the validity of Sympathy was less compelling. The potential utility of the questionnaire for basic and applied research is discussed.
1927 Fertility Preserving Laparoscopic Excision of Deep Rectal Infiltrating Endometriosis. Success with a Multidisciplinary Team

Video Objective The objective of this video is to demonstrate the multidisciplinary approach for surgical excision of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum. Setting 31 y/o G0P0 presented with pelvic pain & dyspareunia and pre-menstrual severe constipation. Interventions The patient underwent laparoscopic excision of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum, and excision of pararectal deep endometriotic nodule. Followed by low anterior resection of rectum and intracorporeal anastomosis. Conclusion Minimally invasive surgical management of deep infiltrating endometriosis nodules of the rectum is feasible with excellent fertility and surgical outcomes.
The Rise of a New Type of Surveillance for Which the Law Wasn't Ready

This article discusses the rising use of facial recognition technology in society and in law enforcement, and its legal implications. Section I describes the technology and how it works. While the potential uses for this technology are too numerous to list, this section goes on to describe the most widespread and troubling current uses, as well as some of the planned uses that illustrate the scope that the technology has the potential to achieve, and why that could be a problem. Section II discusses some of the more prevalent legal concerns that accompany the rise of this technology, such as privacy violations, chilling of free speech, and stalking. Section III analyzes the existing state of the law, and suggests some channels that may offer protection from the concerns raised in section II, while noting that these channels were not designed with facial recognition technology in mind so the protections offered may be weakened or, depending on the leanings of a court of law, nonexistent. The article closes by suggesting additional statutory protections that could be enacted to more completely address the issue, either piecemeal or as part of a larger regulatory scheme.
A Humanized Lym-1 CAR with Novel DAP10/DAP12 Signaling Domains Demonstrates Reduced Tonic Signaling and Increased Antitumor Activity in B-Cell Lymphoma Models.

Purpose: The murine Lym-1 monoclonal antibody targets a discontinuous epitope (Lym-1 epitope) on several subtypes of HLA-DR, which is upregulated in a majority of human B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Unlike CD19, the Lym-1 epitope does not downregulate upon crosslinking, which may provide an advantage as a target for CAR T cell therapy. Lym-1 CAR T cells with a conventional 4-1BB and CD3z (BB3z) signaling domain exhibited impaired ex vivo expansion. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome this effect. Experimental Design: A functional humanized Lym-1 antibody (huLym-1-B) was identified and its scFv form was used for CAR design. To overcome observed impaired expansion in vitro, a huLym-1-B CAR using DAP10 and DAP12 (DAP) signaling domains was evaluated for ex vivo expansion and in vivo function. Results: Impaired expansion in huLym-1-B-BB3z CAR T cells was shown to be due to ligand-dependent suboptimal CAR signaling caused by interaction of the CAR binding domain and the surface of human T cells. Using the novel DAP signaling domain construct, the effects of suboptimal CAR signaling were overcome to produce huLym-1-B CAR T cells with improved expansion ex vivo and function in vivo. In addition, the Lym-1 epitope does not significantly downregulate in response to huLym-1-B-DAP CAR T cells both ex vivo and in vivo. Conclusions: DAP intracellular domains can serve as signaling motifs for CAR, and this new construct enables non-impaired production of huLym-1-B CAR T cells with potent invivo anti-tumor efficacy.
Neurocognitive Outcomes in a Cisternal Blood Injection Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

ABSTRACT Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in neurocognitive dysfunction and anxiety in humans and in animal models. Neurobehavioral tests such as the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests are validated in several models of SAH but have not been tested in the murine cisternal blood injection SAH model. Methods Adult C57BL/6 mice (n=16) were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n=8) received sham surgery. Group 2 (n=8) underwent SAH with 60 µL of autologous blood injected into the cisterna magna. Mice were then tested using the Modified Garcia Score on post-operative day 2 (POD2), EPM on POD5 & POD16, and MWM on POD6-16.Brain tissues harvested on POD16 were stained with Fluoro-Jade C to identify neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cortex and Iba-1 immunofluorescence staining for microglial activation in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the hippocampus. Results SAH mice showed increased escape latency on POD10. Swim distance was significantly increased on POD9-10 and swim speed was significantly decreased on POD6&POD10 in SAH mice. SAH mice exhibited a trend for lowered proportion of covered arm entries in EPM on POD16. Modified Garcia Score was not significantly different between the groups on POD2. The area of microglial activation in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the hippocampus was mildly increased but not significantly different at day 16 after SAH. Similarly, no significant differences were noted in the number of Fluoro-Jade C (+) cells in cortex or hippocampus. Conclusions Cisternal single blood injection in mice produces mild neurocognitive deficits most pronounced in spatial learning and most evident 10 days after SAH.
A Wide-Band, Wide-Swing Current Driver for Electrical Impedance Tomography Applications

A current driver for electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is presented. The current driver is based on a differential input current-conveyor architecture with a wide-swing cascode output stage and a fast-settling servo loop for setting the DC output voltage. The circuit was designed and fabricated as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in a standard CMOS 0.18-μm technology, uses a 3.3 V single supply voltage, and consumes 13 mW power. It operates from 10 kHz to 40 MHz, providing up to 2.7 mA pp current with an output voltage compliance of 1.6 V pp , while providing a low frequency output impedance of 315 kΩ and a total harmonic distortion below 1%. These performance specifications make the proposed current driver suitable for high frequency, high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) EIT applications, like detecting cancerous lesions in the prostate tissue.
Beyond Silencing: Virtue, Subjective Construal, and Reasoning Practically

In the contemporary philosophical literature, ideal virtue is often accused of setting a standard more appropriate for saints or gods than for human beings. In this paper, I undermine divinity-infu...
A History of Development of Medical Missions and Catholic Evangelization in Sub-Saharan Africa From the Early Twentieth Century to the Present: Tracing Some Representative Founders and Orders in the Context of the Twentieth Century Church:

Although the care of the sick has been a charism of Catholic community since the beginning, and hospitals as we know them have developed since the fourth century, religious orders began to develop ...
The Role of Kdm6a in Malignant Hematopoiesis

Abstract Our preliminary studies identified recurrent, somatic mutations in Kdm6a in a mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Putative inactivating mutations of Kdm6a (primarily small deletions) occurred in approximately 50% of mouse APL samples, making these the most common acquired progression events in this model. We found somatic mutations of KDM6A in 4 of 200 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. However, in a cohort of 42 patients with APL, we identified no somatic alterations in KDM6A . To better understand the role of Kdm6a in malignant hematopoiesis, we intercrossed our Kdm6a conditional knockout (KO) x Vav1 - Cre mice with a “knock-in” mouse model of APL (Ctsg-PML-RARA mice). To determine whether Kdm6a inactivation cooperates with PML - RARA, we performed a tumor watch that included all genotypes of Kdm6a conditional KO female and male triple cross mice. After 18 months of observation, we found that the latency of APL was significantly decreased in all three cohorts of Kdm6a conditional KO x Vav1 - Cre x Ctsg-PML-RARA mice (Figure 1). This finding was most pronounced in female homozygous Kdm6a KO triple cross mice, which had a median survival of 161 days versus 365 days in the control cohort (P 2, P Download : Download high-res image (86KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Obstetric rectal laceration in the absence of an anal sphincter injury.

Rectal laceration in the absence of concurrent anal sphincter injury at the time of parturition is not a frequently reported finding. This rarely encountered injury is also referred to as a buttonhole injury. It is a disruption of the vaginal and rectal tissue with resultant disruption of the anal epithelium in the setting of an intact external anal sphincter. A 30-year-old gravida 1 para 0 at 39 weeks presented for induction of labour due to chronic hypertension. During her labour course, she developed with superimposed preeclampsia with severe features and magnesium sulfate was initiated. She underwent a spontaneous vaginal delivery of an infant weighing 3840 g. Following delivery, stool was visualised in the vagina. A rectal examination revealed a rectovaginal defect separate from the second-degree perineal laceration, which extended proximally to the cervix. The anal sphincter was noted to be intact with good tone. Both defects were repaired, and she had an uncomplicated recovery.
Navassa: Property, Sovereignty, and the Law of the Territories

The United States acquired its first overseas territory—the island of Navassa, near Haiti—by conceptualizing it as a kind of property to be owned, rather than a piece of sovereign territory to be governed. The story of Navassa shows how competing conceptions of property and sovereignty are an important and underappreciated part of the law of the territories—a story that continued fifty years later in the Insular Cases, which described Puerto Rico as “belonging to” but not “part of” the United States. Contemporary scholars are drawn to the sovereignty framework and the public-law tools that come along with it: arguments about rights and citizenship geared to show that the territories should be recognized as “part of” the United States. But it would be a mistake to abandon the language and tools of property and private law, which can also play a role in dismantling the colonial structure—so long as it is clear that the entitlement ultimately lies with the people of the territories. Conceptualizing sovereignty as property of the colonized can facilitate concrete solutions like negotiated economic settlements, litigation against colonial powers, and the possibility of auctions for sovereign control.
The Use of Hybridomas in Enzyme Genetics

The genome of every individual contains a large number of “structural” genes which determine the amino acid sequences of polypeptide chains of enzymes. Mutations at such loci involve some change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA and will often result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide, and hence in the structure and properties of the enzyme. During the last two decades a considerable effort has gone into studying the nature of such enzyme variants and their distribution among individual members of various human and animal populations. Much of this work has relied on the use of relatively simple physicochemical techniques for the discrimination of variants, chief among which has been electrophoresis. From this work, two important generalizations have emerged.
Dynamic Load Balancing for Parallel CFD on NT Networks

Since the price of personal computers reduces quickly and the computation power of PCs increases rapidly, parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) that was usually performed on workstations and supercomputers can now be performed on networked PCs. Many companies start to replace networked workstations by networked PCs. Since there is a large amount of idle CPU power in networked PCs, it is very attractive to use networked PCs for parallel CFD. Two approaches are commonly used for parallel computation on networked PCs. One is to run PCs with Linux operating system. The other is to run PCs with Windows NT operating system. This chapter presents development of a dynamic load balancing technique on NT operating systems. Previously developed technique of periodically measuring the computation and communication loads on distributed UNIX systems is extended to NT. Differences between the two systems are taken into account in the implementation and the experiences gained are summarized. Preliminary results indicate the applicability of the method in NT environments.
The Fiction of Instants

The claim that the mathematical durationless instants do exist in a physical sense appeared always as both paradoxical and inevitable. Paradoxical, because it is difficult to find the concept of entity lasting for zero-time intelligible; inevitable, since both experience and logic suggested that it really exists. For all empirically available temporal intervals were, in the classical period at least, divisible into smaller and smaller sub-intervals unless they were durationless instants. Furthermore, the very denial of instants, as proposed by various theories of chronon, surreptitiously postulated their existence. But an attentive analysis of perceptual and, more generally, phenomenal continua shows that they consist neither of instants nor of contiguous atomic segments; their structure clearly transcends the disjunction “instants versus chronons”. They exhibit a type of continuity which is different from mathematical continuity and which, as Poincare’s paradox shows, is extremely difficult to be conceptualized. There is a considerable circumstantial evidence that time on the microphysical level has a similar structure. This would make possible to deny the reality of instants without accepting the self-contradictory “atomization” of time.
A set of endoplasmic reticulum proteins possessing properties of molecular chaperones includes Ca(2+)-binding proteins and members of the thioredoxin superfamily.

Abstract The major proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are thought to function in Ca2+ sequestration or as "molecular chaperones" in the folding and assembly of membrane or secreted proteins. Based on the ability of many chaperones to bind selectively to unfolded proteins and to dissociate from them upon ATP hydrolysis, we developed an affinity chromatography method to isolate proteins with these characteristics from pancreatic or liver ER. Seven ER proteins bound selectively to denatured protein columns and were specifically eluted by ATP (10(-6) M) but not by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. These proteins were identified with antibodies and microsequencing as the ER chaperone BiP (grp78), grp94, calreticulin, a novel 46-kDa protein that binds azido-ATP, as well as three members of the thioredoxin superfamily: protein-disulfide isomerase, ERp72, and a previously reported 50-kDa protein (p50). This set of seven proteins bound to and was eluted with ATP from a variety of denatured proteins, including histone, gelatin, alpha fetoprotein, thyroglobulin, lysozyme, casein, and IgG. The release of grp94, protein-disulfide isomerase, ERp72, calreticulin, and p50 was stimulated by Ca2+ in the presence of ATP. These proteins thus appear to function as Ca(2+)-dependent chaperones, which may account for the Ca2+ and ATP requirement for protein folding in the ER.
Dendritic Cells and Stat3 Are Essential for CD137-Induced CD8 T Cell Activation-Induced Cell Death

Agonistic anti-CD137 mAbs either positively or negatively regulate T cell function. When administered at the beginning of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infection anti-CD137 induced immunosuppression and T cell deletion, and in the case of influenza infection led to increased mortality. In contrast, 72 h delay in anti-CD137 treatment led to an enhanced virus-specific CD8 T cell response and rapid viral clearance. Virus-specific CD8 T cells in anti-CD137-injected mice rapidly upregulate Fas expression, and although necessary, was insufficient to induce CD8 T cell deletion. Strikingly, CD137 signaling in T cells was found to be insufficient to induce suppression or deletion. Rather, immunosuppression and T cell deletion was only observed if CD137 signals were provided to T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In vitro CD137 crosslinking in DCs led to phosphorylation of Stat3, and importantly, anti-CD137 treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infected Stat3 conditional knock-out mice induced neither immune suppression or T cell deletion. Taken together, these data suggest that CD137 signaling in DCs can regulate CD8 T cell survival through a Stat3 and Fas-mediated pathway.
Total System Energy Minimization for Wireless Image Transmission

In this paper, we focus on the total-system-energy minimization of a wireless image transmission system including both digital and analog components. Traditionally, digital power consumption has been ignored in system design, since transmit power has been the most significant component. However, as we move to an era of pico-cell environments and as more complex signal processing algorithms are being used at higher data rates, the digital power consumption of these systems becomes an issue. We present an energy-optimized image transmission system for indoor wireless applications which exploits the variabilities in the image data and the wireless multipath channel by employing dynamic algorithm transformations and joint source-channel coding. The variability in the image data is characterized by the rate-distortion curve, and the variability in the channel characteristics is characterized by the path-loss and impulse response of the channel. The system hardware configuration space is characterized by the error-correction capability of the channel encoder/decoder, number of powered-up fingers in the RAKE receiver, and transmit power of the power amplifier. An optimization algorithm is utilized to obtain energy-optimal configurations subject to end-to-end performance constraints. The proposed design is tested over QCIF images, IMT-2000 channels and 0.18μm, 2.5 V CMOS technology parameters. Simulation results over various images, various distances, two different channels, and two different rates show that the average energy savings in utilizing a total-system-energy minimization over a fixed system (designed for the worst image, the worst channel and the maximum distance) are 53.6% and 67.3%, respectively, for short-range (under 20 m) and long-range (over 20 m) systems.
Social capital and rural community self-development: Understanding community satisfaction and its impact on entrepreneurial climate and community outcomes

Rural communities need to move beyond their market remoteness and limitations by engaging in innovation and entrepreneurship that will enhance rural economic growth and strength. Self-development efforts provide opportunities for remote regions to increase their entrepreneurship activities, strengthen the rural economy, and enhance social interaction. The critical attribute of self-development is revitalization‘ of the community, which affects not only the rural community but also its socioeconomic climate (Sutton, 2010). This study investigated the relationship between community self-development and local residents‘ perceived satisfaction and the resulting impacts on community entrepreneurial climate and community outcomes. This study was framed by social capital theory, which emphasizes the importance of social relations in enhancing self-development activities. A mixed methods design, using both online and mail surveys, was employed to collect the data. Preliminary analysis of research data included descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), internal reliability assessment of research variables using Cronbach‘s alpha coefficients, and correlation analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for each construct and measurement model testing was performed using Mplus statistical software. Structural model testing was conducted through steps: evaluation of the structural model and alternative model approach. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation was applied to estimate and test the causal structure of
Self-Contamination for Detection of Pilot Contamination Attack in Multiple Antenna Systems

In a time-division duplex (TDD) multiple antenna system, the channel state information (CSI) can be acquired using reverse training. A pilot contamination attack occurs when during the training phase, an adversary also sends identical training (pilot) signal as that of the legitimate receiver. This contaminates the channel estimation phase and can alter the legitimate beamformer/precoder design, facilitating eavesdropping. In this letter, we propose superimposing a random sequence on the training sequence at the legitimate receiver, allowing use of source enumeration methods to detect pilot contamination attack. The proposed method is analyzed and its detection performance is illustrated via simulations.
Growth hormone acutely stimulates forearm muscle protein synthesis in normal humans

The short-term effects of growth hormone (GH) on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in normal humans are unknown. We studied seven postabsorptive healthy men (age 18-23 yr) who received GH (0.014 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) via intrabrachial artery infusion for 6 h. The effects of GH on forearm amino acid and glucose balances and on forearm amino acid kinetics [( 3H]Phe and [14C]Leu) were determined after 3 and 6 h of the GH infusion. Forearm deep vein GH rose to 35 +/- 6 ng/ml in response to GH, whereas systemic levels of GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were unchanged. Forearm glucose uptake did not change during the study. After 6 h, GH suppressed forearm net release (3 vs. 6 h) of Phe (P less than 0.05), Leu (P less than 0.01), total branched-chain amino acids (P less than 0.025), and essential neutral amino acids (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). The effect on the net balance of Phe and Leu was due to an increase in the tissue uptake for Phe (71%, P less than 0.05) and Leu (37%, P less than 0.005) in the absence of any significant change in release of Phe or Leu from tissue. In the absence of any change in systemic GH, IGF-I, or insulin, these findings suggest that locally infused GH stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis. These findings have important physiological implications for both the role of daily GH pulses and the mechanisms through which GH can promote protein anabolism.
8-Iodo­quinolinium triiodide tetra­hydro­furan solvate

The title compound, C9H7IN+·I3−·C4H8O, was synthesized from 8-amino­quinoline using the Sandmeyer reaction. The 8-iodo­quinolinium cation is essentially planar and the triiodide ion is almost linear. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and inter­molecular I⋯I [3.7100 (5) A] and I⋯H inter­actions, between the cation, anion and solvent mol­ecules result in the formation of sheets oriented parallel to the (\overline{1}03) plane. Between the sheets, 8-iodo­quinolinium and triiodide ions are stacked alternately, with I⋯C distances in the range ∼3.8–4.0 A.
Progression risk for MGUS and SMM

Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are at continuous risk of progression. Each year, 1% progress, usually to active multiple myeloma (MM). 1 Such patients must be monitored for life. Asymptomatic smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) has an even greater risk of progression to MM. Recently reported strategies improve our ability to estimate the risk of MM in these patients.
Effects of ascites on outcomes of colorectal surgery in congestive heart failure patients.

Abstract Background There are limited data regarding the effects of ascites on outcome of patients undergoing colorectal resection. We sought to identify complications related to ascites. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to evaluate congestive heart failure (CHF) patients who had ascites before colorectal resection between 2005 and 2012. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify affected outcomes. Results We sampled a total of 2,178 patients who suffered CHF and underwent colorectal resection, of which 195 (9%) had preoperative ascites. The mortality rate of patients who had preoperative ascites was 46.2% compared to 25.7% for patients without ascites (adjusted odd ratio [AOR], 3.38; P P P P = .9). Conclusions The presence of ascites in CHF patients is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. There is no correlation between ascites and surgical site infection but wound disruption increases in the presence of ascites.
Identification of two novel transmembrane γ-carboxyglutamic acid proteins expressed broadly in fetal and adult tissues

The proline-rich gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) proteins (PRGPs) 1 and 2 are the founding members of a family of vitamin K-dependent single-pass integral membrane proteins characterized by an extracellular amino terminal domain of approximately 45 amino acids that is rich in Gla. The intracellular carboxyl terminal region of these two proteins contains one or two copies of the sequence PPXY, a motif present in a variety of proteins involved in such diverse cellular functions as signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and protein turnover. In this report, we describe the cloning of the cDNAs for two additional human transmembrane Gla proteins (TMG) of 20-24 kDa named TMG3 and TMG4. These two proteins possess extracellular Gla domains with 13 or 9 potential Gla residues, respectively, followed by membrane-spanning hydrophobic regions and cytoplasmic carboxyl terminal regions that contain PPXY motifs. This emerging family of integral membrane Gla proteins includes proline-rich Gla protein (PRGP) 1, PRGP2, TMG3, and TMG4, all of which are characterized by broad and variable distribution in both fetal and adult tissues. Members of this family can be grouped into two subclasses on the basis of their gene organization and amino acid sequence. These observations suggest novel physiological functions for vitamin K beyond its known role in the biosynthesis of proteins involved in blood coagulation and bone development. The identification and characterization of these proteins may allow a more complete understanding of the teratogenic consequences of exposure in utero to vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin-based anticoagulants.
A theory of membrane permeability: II. Diffusion in the presence of water-flow

The author's earlier treatment of diffusion through a membrane is extended to include the case in which there is a mass motion of water through the membrane. Water flows through the membrane in the direction from lower to higher concentrations of the solute. This water carries a part of the solute by convection. Thus in this general case there is a transport of solute through the membrane both in the direction from higher to lower concentration, and in the opposite direction. If the latter effect prevails, the net result is a flow of solute from lower to higher concentrations. Mathematically this corresponds to negative values of the permeability. The effect of hydrostatic pressure is considered also.
Effects of Fetal Treatment with Methylazoxymethanol acetate at Various Gestational Dates on the Neurochemistry of the Adult Neocortex of the Rat

: The effects of gestational date (13, 14, 15, and 17 days) of administration of methylazoxymethanol acetate (20 mg/kg) on the cortical synaptic chemistry and morphology of the rat has been examined in adult offspring. Treatment at 13 days of gestation (DG) resulted in cortical hypoplasia that affected primarily the deep layers whereas treatment at 14 and 15 days gestation caused a severe hypoplasia of cortical neurons above layer V and a 66 to 77% reduction in cortical mass. The 17-DG treatment caused only a 20% reduction in cortical weight with effects apparent only in the superficial layers. At no treatment date did the specific activity of glutamate decarboxylase differ significantly from control. In contrast, presynaptic markers for noradrenergic (tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine) and for serotonergic (serotonin) terminals were increased in concentration in direct proportion to the degree of cortical hypoplasia. The specific activity of choline acetyltransferase was significantly increased at all treatment dates but total activity per cortical slab was significantly reduced on treatment days 13–15.
177 CONTROLLED, RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL OF HIGH-DOSE VERSUS LOW-DOSE BOVINE SURFACTANT VERY PREMATURE INFANTS

Objective: Comparing high-dose (initial dose 100 mg/kg b.w., HD) with low-dose (initial dose 50 mg/kg b.w.) bovine surfactant given during hour 1 after birth. Patients and methods: Inclusion criteria: GA 24 - 29 weeks, b.w. 500-1500 g, need for intubation and ventilation, absence of congenital malformations and bacterial infections. Retreatment (max. cumulative dose 200 mg/kg b.w.) was permitted if the FiO2 was >0.4. Endpoinf. HD surfactant treatment improves oxygenation (paO2/FiO2) 2 h post treatment compared with LD treatment (sequential analysis, type I and II error 5 % each). Secondary end-points: air leaks, BPD (FiO2 >0.3 or mechanical ventilation at 28 days), IVH (grade II - IV), PDA, ROP (> grade III) and NEC. 41 infants (GA 27.3 weeks, b.w. 991 g) were randomized to HD treatment, 46 infants (GA 27.2 weeks, b.w. 959 g) to LD treatment. Results: Oxygenation was improved significantly in HD compared to LD treatment (paO2/FiO2 181 ± 119.7 versus 228.4 ± 112.3). Further outcome: HD versus LD infants: air leaks 15/33 %, BPD 24/39 %, IVH 24/35 %, PDA 32/37 %, ROP 10/13 %, NEC 0/2 %, death 15/13 %. Conclusion: HD versus LD bovine surfactant treatment in very premature infants significantly improved oxygenation. A tendency towards decreased incidence of pulmonary air-leaks was observed.
Social constructivism and the Believing Game: a mathematics teacher’s practice and its implications

The study reported here is the third in a series of research articles (Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Morrone, A. S.,in Educational Studies in Mathematics 65:235–254, 2007; Morrone, A. S., Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Caulfield, R. in Educational Studies in Mathematics 56:19–38, 2004) about the teaching practices of the same university professor and the mathematics course, Problem Solving, she taught for preservice elementary teachers. The preservice teachers in Problem Solving reported that they were motivated and that Sheila made learning goals salient. For the present study, additional data were collected and analyzed within a qualitative methodology and emergent conceptual framework, not within a motivation goal theory framework as in the two previous studies. This paper explores how Sheila’s “trying to believe,” rather than a focus on “doubting” (Elbow, P., Embracing contraries, Oxford University Press, New York, 1986), played out in her practice and the implications it had for both classroom conversations about mathematics and her own mathematical thinking.
Frailty, core muscle size, and mortality in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objectives Determining operative risk in patients undergoing aortic surgery is a difficult process, as multiple variables converge to affect overall mortality. Patient frailty is certainly a contributing factor, but is difficult to measure, with surgeons often relying on subjective or intuitive influences. We sought to use core muscle size as an objective measure of frailty, and determine its utility as a predictor of survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Methods Four hundred seventy-nine patients underwent elective open AAA repair between 2000 and 2008. Two hundred sixty-two patients (54.7%) had preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans available for analysis. Cross-sectional areas of the psoas muscles at the level of the L4 vertebra were measured. The covariate-adjusted effect of psoas area on postoperative mortality was assessed using Cox regression. Results Of the 262 patients, there were 55 deaths and the mean length of follow-up was 2.3 years. Cox regression revealed a significant association between psoas area and postoperative mortality (P = .003). The effect of psoas area was found to decrease significantly as follow-up time increased (P = .008). Among all covariates included in the Cox models (including predictors of mortality such as American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] score), the psoas area was the most significant. Conclusion Core muscle size, an objective measure of frailty, correlates strongly with mortality after elective AAA repair. A better understanding of the role of frailty and core muscle size may aid in risk stratification and impact timing of surgical repair, especially in more complex aortic operations.
Successful infection with larval echinostomes surgically implanted into the body cavity of the normal snail host

Abstract Inoculation of larval trematode stages into their snail hosts resulted in normal migration, development, and multiplication of larvae in a large proportion of snails surviving the surgical procedure. Both miracidia and rediae of Echinostoma audyi developed in its normal host Lymnaea rubiginosa . In the same snail, development of cercariae from an inoculum of rediae of Echinoparyphium dunni occurred. Similarly, developed of Echinostoma malayanum from a miracidial inoculum occurred in its host, Indoplanorbis exustus . Each species cross-implanted into the “wrong” or abnormal snail host failed to establish itself despite a number of attempts. The conclusion reached is that resistance to larval trematode development in the incorrect snail host is a physiological rejection within snail tissues distinct from the factors responsible for failure of miracidia to attach to or penetrate the body wall of the nonadapted host. The latter defensive mechanism is so highly efficient in these echinostomes that few if any miracidia can penetrate the snail outer surface. In spite of this lack of direct contact between snail tissues and the nonadapted parasite, rejection of implanted larvae of these parasites is nonetheless well developed.
Structure, dynamics and electronic properties of liquid and glassy GeSe2

Abstract Recently we have used ab initio molecular dynamics to develop models of liquid and glassy GeSe 2 . These models are consistent with a wide variety of experiments on these phases. We identify features which give rise to the first diffraction peak in both the liquid and glass. In our calculations we observe transient electronic defects originating in certain local structural rearrangements. We speculate on the relevance of these features to photo-structural phenomena.
Relation between depressive symptoms and treadmill exercise capacity in the Heart and Soul Study

To examine the association between depressive symptoms and exercise capacity, we performed a cross-sectional study of 944 outpatients with stable coronary artery disease and found that the presence of depressive symptoms was independently associated with poor exercise capacity (<5 MET tasks achieved; adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.7, p = 0.01). Depressive symptoms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of poor exercise capacity.
Rapid wireless transmission of head CT images to a personal digital assistant for remote consultation.

Rationale and objectives We describe a simple technique for transmission of a complete set of cranial computed tomography (CT) images to a commercially available wireless personal digital assistant (PDA) for remote teleradiology consultation. Materials and methods A complete set of images from the head CT of a trauma patient with subdural hematoma (19 images) was captured from a picture archiving and communication system and transmitted wirelessly as an e-mail attachment after being compressed. The images were retrieved, decompressed, and reviewed using commercially available software and a PDA with cellular phone capability. Results A complete head CT was transmitted to a remote radiologist’s wireless PDA for consultation. The entire procedure (including image capture, transmission, and review) took approximately 11.5 minutes. Conclusion Using the technique described in this article the wireless PDA may function as a robust medium for facilitating care of brain trauma patients by allowing rapid access to trauma radiologists or neurosurgeons.