cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic smoothing and attractors for the generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation on R 3

Abstract We study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation defined on R 3 . We first provide a sufficient condition to verify the asymptotic compactness of an evolution equation defined in an unbounded domain, which involves the Littlewood–Paley projection operators. We then prove the existence of an attractor for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation in the phase space H 1 ( R 3 ) by showing the solutions are point dissipative and asymptotic compact. Finally, we establish the regularity of the attractor and show that the attractor is bounded in H 2 ( R 3 ) .
Far-infrared absorption in H2 and H2-He mixtures

Collision-induced absorption in the translation-rotation band of H2 and H2-He mixtures has been measured from 20 to 900 kaysers at 77.4, 195, and 292 K. To establish the accuracy of the results, various sources of error are investigated. The zeroth and first spectral moments are evaluated from experiment and theory for H2 at the various temperatures. To obtain theoretical moments consistent with the experimental values, the quantum pair-distribution function must be used. The major portion of the experimental moments can be accounted for by quadrupole-induced dipoles in H2 pairs. The remaining portion is attributable to an anisotropic overlap interaction, although its magnitude depends on the value of the molecular parameters required to calculate the quadrupole contribution.
Dermatomyositis as a presenting symptom of ovarian cancer.

Abstract Background: Among gynecologic malignancies, the coexistence of ovarian cancer and dermatomyositis is most frequent. Case: A 75-year-old woman presented with dermatomyositis, and a search for underlying malignancy found an otherwise asymptomatic ovarian carcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastases. After resection and chemotherapy, the muscle weakness and skin lesions relating to dermatomyositis began to improve. Conclusion: Dermatomyositis can be the only presenting symptom of ovarian cancer, so an evaluation for suspected underlying malignancy should be done.
OR rule fusion of conditionally dependent correlation filter based classifiers for improved biometric verification

In practical biometric verification applications, we expect to observe a large variability of biometric data and single classifiers may not be very accurate. In such cases, fusion of multiple classifiers may improve accuracy. Statistical dependence of classifiers has recently been shown to improve accuracy over statistically independent classifiers. In this paper, we focus on the verification application and theoretically analyze the OR fusion rule to find the favorable and unfavorable conditional dependence between classifiers. Favorably dependent correlation filter based classifiers for the OR rule are designed on the fingerprint NIST 24 plastic distortion and rotation datasets. For the plastic distortion dataset, unconstrained optimal tradeoff (UOTF) correlation filters were used because of their distortion tolerance and discrimination capability; and for the rotation dataset, optimal trade-off circular harmonic function (OTCHF) filters were used because of their tolerance to geometric rotation. On the plastic distortion dataset, three favorably dependent classifiers were designed on different distortions of the finger, each with an EER of 15.7%, 14.3%, and 9.8% respectively. The OR fusion of these three classifiers has an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 1.8% while the best single UOTF based classifier has an EER of 2.8%. On the rotation dataset, five OTCHF filter based classifiers were designed for tolerance to different rotation angle ranges of a finger with an average individual EER of 38.8%. The OR rule fusion has an EER of 14.6%; whereas the best single OTCHF filter has an EER of 27.7%. It is also shown that the best fusion rule is the OR rule for these classifiers that were designed to be favorable for the OR rule.
The accuracy and trends of smoking history documentation in electronic medical records in a large managed care organization.

The accuracy of smoking history documentation in the electronic medical records was examined at a large managed care organization among 36,494 male members who self-reported smoking history in mailed surveys. The sensitivity of electronic smoking history documentation for ever-smoking status was 0.19 in years 2003–2005 (using ICD-9/CPT code only), 0.80 in 2006–2008 and 0.84 in 2009–2010 (combination of ICD-9/CPT codes and risk factor module used after 2006). The positive predictive value was 0.96, 0.90, and 0.95 in these periods, respectively. Among self-reported ever-smokers, increased healthcare utilization and smoking intensity/duration were associated with higher likelihood of having electronic smoking history documentation, while Asian race and Spanish language preference were associated with lower likelihood. These data suggest that enhanced efforts may be needed to screen for and document smoking among racial/ethnic minorities.
Effect of siltation on stream fish communities

The effect of siltation on stream fish in northeast Missouri was evaluated using community structural measurements and a functional approach that emphasized feeding and reproductive guilds. As the percentage of fine substrate increased, the distinction among riffle, run, and pool communities decreased, primarily because the number of individuals of typical riffle species decreased. Within the riffle communities the abundance of fish of two feeding guilds — benthic insectivores and herbivores — was reduced as the percent of fine substrate increased. The abundance of fish in other feeding guilds was not affected. The only reproductive guild to be similarly affected was the simple and lithophilous, whose members require a clean gravel substrate for spawning. Species within each guild affected by siltation had significantly similar trends in abundance. The guild analysis indicated that species with similar ecological requirements had a common response to habitat degradation by siltation.
Representations of the symmetric group are reducible over simply transitive subgroups

If the characteristic of F is zero, this problem has been solved by Saxl [16]. An important feature of Saxl’s result is that a groupG as in the problem above is either 2-transitive or fixes a point, i.e. is contained in some Σn−1. The caseG ≤ Σn−1 can then be settled using the branching rule and induction. On the other hand, an explicit list of k-transitive groups (for k ≥ 2) is available, which can be used to complete the proof in characteristic zero, see [16] for more details. From now on we assume that p > 0. In this case the problem is important for determining maximal subgroups of finite classical groups [1],[13]. However, the situation is nowmore complicated. For example, to determine the pairs (G,D) as above withG = An one needs the Mullineux conjecture [7], [2]. IfG is intransitive then, up to a conjugation, it is contained in a standard Young subgroup of the form Σn−k ×Σk. The irreducible restrictions from Σn toΣn−1 have been described in [14], see also [11], [6]. In [11] it is also
Improving compliance and pre-compliance emissions measurement throughput and accuracy using digital IF receiver architectures

All-digital receiver intermediate frequency (IF) architectures contribute to higher-efficiency EMC test facility operations by offering improved measurement accuracy, reduced overall measurement time, and reduced dependence on operator experience level.
Dynamic Message Sign Deployment and Diversion Behavior of Travelers on Central Florida Toll Roads

Advanced traveler information systems are particularly helpful in supporting route diversion decisions. The effect of information on diversion behavior on nontolled roads is well documented in the literature. Revealed and stated preference studies traditionally have been conducted to analyze route diversion behavior. However, the effect of real-time traffic information on the behavior of toll road users is unexplored. This study examines the behavior of toll road users in Orlando, Florida. Orlando is serviced by a toll road network where dynamic message signs (DMSs) provide real-time travel time information to travelers. The response of toll road users to information was expected to differ from that of non-toll users. To capture the effects of information, specifically the DMS, a survey was conducted in two phases: predeployment (with only one DMS installed) and postdeployment (after 29 DMSs were installed). A detailed behavioral data set with rigorous modeling was used to investigate the relationship between information and travel decisions in the context of toll road trips. The surveys revealed that higher travel time savings due to diversion, 511 use, and toll payment by cash were associated with a greater propensity to divert in postdeployment. Travelers who experienced abnormal travel times or who reported that DMS helped them during congestion were more likely to divert. The study further showed that toll road users might have more inertia and avoid leaving the toll road than non-toll road users. Implications of the results are discussed.
Crystal Structure of the Hypoxanthine−Guanine−Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase from the Protozoan Parasite Tritrichomonas foetus†,‡

The crystal structure of the hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGXPRTase) from Tritrichomonas foetus has been determined and refined against X-ray data to 1.9 A resolution. T. foetus HGXPRTase crystallizes as an asymmetric dimer, with GMP bound to only one of the two molecules that form the asymmetric unit. Each molecule of HGXPRTase is formed by two lobes joined by a short "hinge" region, and the GMP binds in a cavity between the two lobes. A comparison of the two molecules in the asymmetric unit shows that the hinge region is flexible and that ligand binding affects the relative positions of the two lobes. The binding of GMP brings the two lobes closer together, rotating one lobe by about 5 degrees relative to the other. T. foetus appears to depend on HGXPRTase for its supply of GMP, making this enzyme a target for antiparasite drug design. A comparison of the structures of T. foetus HGXPRTase and human HGPRTase reveals that, while these enzymes retain a similar polypeptide fold, there are substantial differences between the active sites of these two homologs. These differences suggest that it will be possible to find compounds that selectively inhibit the parasite enzyme.
Spared nerve injury : an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain

Peripheral neuropathic pain is produced by multiple etiological factors that initiate a number of diverse mechanisms operating at different sites and at different times and expressed both within, and across different disease states. Unraveling the mechanisms involved requires laboratory animal models that replicate as far as possible, the different pathophysiological changes present in patients. It is unlikely that a single animal model will include the full range of neuropathic pain mechanisms. A feature of several animal models of peripheral neuropathic pain is partial denervation. In the most frequently used models a mixture of intact and injured fibers is created by loose ligation of either the whole (Bennett GJ, Xie YK. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988;33:87-107) or a tight ligation of a part (Seltzer Z, Dubner R, Shir Y. A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury. Pain 1990;43:205-218) of a large peripheral nerve, or a tight ligation of an entire spinal segmental nerve (Kim SH, Chung JM. An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat. Pain 1992;50:355-363). We have developed a variant of partial denervation, the spared nerve injury model. This involves a lesion of two of the three terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves) leaving the remaining sural nerve intact. The spared nerve injury model differs from the Chung spinal segmental nerve, the Bennett chronic constriction injury and the Seltzer partial sciatic nerve injury models in that the co-mingling of distal intact axons with degenerating axons is restricted, and it permits behavioral testing of the non-injured skin territories adjacent to the denervated areas. The spared nerve injury model results in early ( 6 months), robust (all animals are responders) behavioral modifications. The mechanical (von Frey and pinprick) sensitivity and thermal (hot and cold) responsiveness is increased in the ipsilateral sural and to a lesser extent saphenous territories, without any change in heat thermal thresholds. Crush injury of the tibial and common peroneal nerves produce similar early changes, which return, however to baseline at 7-9 weeks. The spared nerve injury model may provide, therefore, an additional resource for unraveling the mechanisms responsible for the production of neuropathic pain.
Transient Reductions in Serum Cholesterol After Renal Transplantation

Abstract Declines in serum cholesterol have been reported in patients with altered immune system activity. However, the frequency and clinical significance of transient reductions in serum cholesterol after renal transplantation are unknown. In the present retrospective study, we examined the frequency and clinical setting of reduced serum cholesterol (≤4.40 mmol/L [170 mg/dL]) in patients who each had 28 ± 7 (total, 1,110) cholesterol determinations during the first year posttransplant. Reduced cholesterol was found on at least one occasion in 26 of 40 (65%) patients. Ninety-two percent (119/129) of the reduced cholesterol values occurred in one of three clinical settings: (1) within 10 days after transplantation, (2) within 6 weeks before or after the onset of acute rejection, or (3) within 6 weeks before or after the onset of a cytomegalovirus infection (CMV). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the relationship between reductions in cholesterol associated with acute rejection was independent of CMV and the type of immunosuppression (one half of the patients were treated with cyclosporine [CSA]). The fact that serum albumin was reduced during CMV, but not during acute rejection, suggested that reduced cholesterol associated with rejection was relatively specific, and was not caused by a generalized leak of plasma proteins or by poor nutrition. Thus, during the first year posttransplant, reductions in serum cholesterol are most often associated with acute rejection episodes and/or CMV. The fact that the transient reductions in serum cholesterol occurred several weeks before and after the onset of clinical signs and symptoms suggests that a reduction in cholesterol could prove to be a useful marker of subclinical alterations in immune system activity after renal transplantation.
Jefferson Lab. FEL user facility

Jefferson Lab's IR Demo FEL Facility includes an associated 600 m 2 user facility containing six separate laboratory areas. In the summer of 1999 we began delivery of beam int two of these labs as part of our commissioning of the FEL optical transport and laser safety systems. The high average power capability in the mid-IR, along with an ultrafast high PRF temporal structure makes this laser a unique source for both applied and basic research. While commissioning, we conducted several test, primarily of laser-materials interactions that take advantage of the unique characteristics of this FEL. An overview of the FEL facility and its current performance, along with a synopsis of current and future experiments, will be presented.
Uniform piecewise polynomial approximation with variable joints

Abstract A procedure based on functional iteration is proposed for solving the problem of uniform piecewise polynomial approximation of a function, and a proof for its convergence is given. This method compares favorably with Lawson's algorithm, especially in cases in which the given function is not of smooth form.
Pollution effects on fisheries — potential management activities

Management of ocean pollution must be based on the best available scientific information, with adequate consideration of economic, social, and political realities. Unfortunately, the best available scientific information about pollution effects on fisheries is often fragmentary, and often conjectural; therefore a primary concern of management should be a critical review and assessment of available factual information about effects of pollutants on fish and shellfish stocks. A major problem in any such review and assessment is the separation of pollutant effects from the effects of all the other environmental factors that influence survival and well-being of marine animals. Data from long-term monitoring of resource abundance, and from monitoring of all determinant environmental variables, will be required for analyses that lead to resolution of the problem. Information must also be acquired about fluxes of contaminants through resource-related ecosystems, and about contaminant effects on resource species as demonstrated in field and laboratory experiments. Other possible management activities include: (1) encouragement of continued efforts to document clearly the localized and general effects of pollution on living resources; (2) continued pressure to identify and use reliable biological indicators of environmental degradation (indicators of choice at present are: unusually high levels of genetic and other anomalies in the earliest life history stages; presence of pollution-associated disease signs, particularly fin erosion and ulcers, in fish; and biochemical/physiological changes); and (3) major efforts to reduce inputs of pollutants clearly demonstrated to be harmful to living resources, from point sources as well as ocean dumping. Such pollution management activities, based on continuous efforts in stock assessment, environmental assessment, and experimental studies, can help to insure that rational decisions will be made about uses and abuses of coastal/estuarine waters.
Modulation of DNA adduct formation by successive exposures of DNA to small and bulky chemical carcinogens.

The effect of a carcinogen-DNA adduct on the formation of a second adduct upon subsequent exposure to a second carcinogen was studied using (i) a modified Maxam-Gilbert chemical sequencing reaction and (ii) a DNA synthesis termination analysis. A DNA fragment of known sequence was reacted with micromolar concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), (+)-r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF), or aflatoxin B 1 -8,9-epoxide (AFB 1 epoxide) singly or in successive double reactions. N-Acetoxy-AAF adducts were sensitive to the Maxam-Gilbert sequencing reaction for guanine ; these adducts significantly blocked the formation of BPDE-guanine adducts. Treatment of DNA with BPDE, however, did not inhibit subsequent formation of N-acetoxy-AAF adducts. DNA synthesis termination analysis suggested that methylation of guanine altered subsequent arylation of guanine by N-acetoxy-AAF and AFB 1 epoxide, and that combined treatment inhibited replication, an effect not seen after MNU treatment alone. Possible mechanisms for the modulation of carcinogen binding are discussed. It is concluded that not only is DNA damage by genotoxic carcinogens dependent upon both the chemical nature of the carcinogens and the nearest neighbors to target guanine bases, but that the effect of subsequent exposures to carcinogens is not always additive.
Reduction in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and pineal and serum melatonin levels in rats after their exposure to red light at night

Abstract Pineal gland N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and pineal and serum levels of melatonin declined linearly in albino rats exposed to different irradiances (low, 170 μW/cm2; moderate, 420 μW/cm2; high, 1040 μW/cm2) red light during the middle of the night. High intensity red light (1040 μW/cm2) was as effective as white light (670 μW/cm2) in suppressing pineal NAT activity and pineal and serum melatonin levels. The lowered melatonin levels and the reduction in NAT activity following exposure to red light suggest that red light cannot be regarded as ‘safe’ light when studying circadian melatonin production in the albino rat, at least at the intensities used in this experiment.
BetaCore, a designed water soluble four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet protein

BetaCore is a designed ∼50-residue protein in which two BPTI-derived core modules, CM I and CM II, are connected by a 22-atom cross-link. At low temperature and pH 3, homo- and heteronuclear NMR data report a dominant folded (′f') conformation with well-dispersed chemical shifts, i, i+1 periodicity, numerous long-range NOEs, and slowed amide hydrogen isotope exchange patterns that is a four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with nonsymmetrical and specific association of CM I and CM II. BetaCore 'f' conformations undergo reversible, global, moderately cooperative, non-two-state thermal transitions to an equilibrium ensemble of unfolded 'u' conformations. There is a significant energy barrier between 'f' and 'u' conformations. This is the first designed four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet that folds in water.
The Mouse Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (scid) Mutation Is Closely Linked to the B-Cell-Specific Developmental Genes VpreB and λ5

Abstract The mouse severe combined immune deficiency (scid) phenotype is due to a recessive, autosomal mutation which results in failed development of lymphocytes. An important step during normal lymphocyte development is the germline rearrangement of DNA segments to assemble functional immunoglobulin or T cell receptor genes. scid lymphocytes fail to rearrange these genes properly, resulting in the absence of mature B and T lymphocytes. This mutation was originally mapped to chromosome 16 by linkage to the immunoglobulin λ light chain genes ( Igl-1 ) and the coat color mutation mahoganoid . We have typed 288 progeny from backcrosses between MOLF/Ei or CAST/Ei and C.B-17- scid for the scid phenotype and nine other loci mapped to the centromeric region of MMU16. We have established a refined map of this region which places the scid gene between Prm-2 and Igl-1 . In addition, no recombinations were found between scid and three other loci, VpreB, λ5 , and D16Mit31 , providing markers useful for isolating the scid gene by positional cloning.
False aneurysms of the left ventricle following myocardial infarction.

Abstract In 2 cases myocardial infarction was complicated by the occurrence of a left ventricular false aneurysm. In the first case the aneurysm involved the anterolateral portion of the left ventricle; in the second the infarct was in the ventricular septum, and the resulting false aneurysm in the epicardium was basal in situation and extended posterior to each atrium. Whereas a true aneurysm of the left ventricle following myocardial infarction represents a bulging of a weakened left ventricular wall, a false aneurysm occurs as a result of rupture of the left ventricular wall. In contrast to a true aneurysm of the left ventricle, a false aneurysm has a wall consisting of fibrous tissue and is sharply demarcated from the cavity of the left ventricle. The rarity of false left ventricular aneurysms is related to the usual occurrence of fatal hemopericardium following rupture of the left ventricular wall.
Esophageal cancer and dysphagia in the HIV-positive patient.

Over the past 30 years, improvements in management and heightened awareness have contributed to increased survival among HIV-positive patients and the conversion of the disease from an acute, fulminant illness into a chronic condition [1, 2]. Mortality from end-stage AIDS or from HIV-related illnesses has precipitously decreased. In fact, recent data suggest that the 6-month cumulative mortality from a serious, non-AIDS event is more than twice the mortality for an AIDS event in HIV-positive patients [3]. This suggests the need for vigilance on the part of clinicians for serious events unrelated to a coexisting diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Dysphagia, a common complaint among HIV-positive patients with a variety of HIV-related causes, illustrates this point [4, 5]. Most frequently, dysphagia in these patients is related to infectious esophagitis; however, other causes such as strictures, medication-induced injuries, and cancer must be considered [2, 4, 6]. HIV-positive patients are at increased risk for a variety of malignancies including lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and cervical cancer. A relationship to esophageal cancer has also emerged, though it does not reach statistical significance in all studies [7–11]. The patient presented in this report had typical symptoms of AIDS-related dysphagia, but his workup revealed esophageal adenocarcinoma, a non-AIDS defining cause for these symptoms and a relatively common cause in the general population. Case Report
Tillage and winter wheat residue management effects on water infiltration and storage

In traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping regions of the southern Great Plains, production constraints exist because of extreme variability in precipitation during planting periods. Intensive tillage aggravates dry early fall conditions to further hamper wheat emergence and growth. From 1983 through 1991, we determined the effects of three tillage and residue management practices on soil water storage in Bethany (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Paleustoll) and Renfrow (fine, mixed, thermic Udertic Paleustoll) silt loams on a 2% slope near El Reno, OK. We measured soil management cumulative effects on soil bulk density and water infiltration during and after the 1990-1991 growing season. Every season, no-till soil consistently had higher volumetric water content in the 0- to 1.2-m depth, except in late fall or early spring when root-zone recharge took place for both soils. The gain was corroborated by increased water-holding capacity and decreased bulk density of no-till soils. Seasonal variability of field infiltration was more evident in plowed soil than in no-till soil. Such temporal dependence would affect surface distribution and flow of precipitation to explain differences in runoff, soil erosion, and environmental impacts of tillage systems between October and June. Water infiltration into no-till soil was significantly higher than into plowed soil at similar water contents. Under ponding, recharge occurred through macropores, directly wetting depths of 0.4 to 0.6 m of no-till soil, in contrast to a layered pattern in plowed soil. The phenomenon has many implications on profile recharge rate and solute transport in the field. Therefore, elimination of inversion tillage enhanced precipitation storage, thereby alleviating detrimental effects of climate variability in annual winter wheat cultivation.
Synthetic strategy: Without a trace

A strong acid catalyst and a small change to one reactant have transformed a 37-year-old 'curiosity' into a useful chemical reaction that has great potential in organic synthesis.
Ultraviolet-induced flashover of a plastic insulator using a pulsed excimer laser

Ultraviolet-induced flashover has been observed over stressed, angled, acrylic insulators illuminated by a short (60 ns) pulse of excimer laser light at 249 nm. Flashover has been observed at ultraviolet fluences of 5–65 mJ/cm2 for electric field stresses approximately 10–30% of static breakdown stress. Insulators at positive angle (conventional configuration) exhibit a reduced tolerance to ultraviolet light versus insulators at negative angle (unconventional configuration) by approximately a factor of 2, while the presence of impurities at the triple point reduces the tolerance to ultraviolet even further. Flashover is related to the fluence, rather than the power density, for short pulses, and the production of photoelectrons is a likely mechanism for the initiation of flashover.
Non-myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma

In multiple myeloma (MM), allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) carries a lower relapse risk than autologous transplantation but a greater transplant-related mortality. Nonmyeloablative conditioning for allogeneic transplantation (NST) reduces transplant-related toxicity. Results are encouraging when used during first remission in low-risk patients, but less-so in relapsed or refractory disease. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 20 previously treated MM patients who underwent NST from matched-related or matched-unrelated donors from 2000–2006. Median age was 52.7 years (37.2–68.0). Twenty-five percent had advanced or high-risk disease. Eleven still had active disease prior to NST. Conditioning was total body irradiation 200 cGy on a single fraction on day −5, followed by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 1.5 mg/kg/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day on days −4 to −2. All received immunosuppression, most commonly with oral mycofenylate mofetil and cyclosporine beginning on day −5. At day 100, 50% had achieved complete remission. Transplant-related mortality was 25%. Median overall survival (OS) was 21.2 months (0.6–90+) and progression-free survival (PFS) 6.6 months (0.6–90+). Both OS and PFS were 24% at 3 years. OS was significantly greater for patients with age <52 years (median 27 months vs. 7.9 months, P = 0.031), and there was a trend toward greater OS for those with β2 microglobulin <2.5 mg/l (median 27 months vs. 7.7 months, P = 0.08). Donor characteristics and Ig type had no significant effect on survival. These data suggest a benefit of NST in relapsed/refractory MM. Randomized trials must be performed to confirm and further qualify this benefit. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nutrition of the Golden Hamster.

ConclusionsA synthetic ration containing the 6 crystalline members of the B group which will support growth and reproduction in the rat was found wholly inadequate for the hamster. The addition of para-aminobenzoic acid and inositol increased the survival time of the hamster. A definite need for biotin was shown, the animals growing excellently and reproducing when it was included in the ration along with the 8 members of the B group including inositol and para-aminobenzoic acid. On the complete sjrnthetic diet including biotin, inositol, and para-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin C and nicotinic acid are not required by the hamster.
‘That Old‐time Religion’: Aimee Semple McPherson and perceptions of Pentecostalism, 1918–26

The story is told of Aimee Semple McPherson, a star female evangelist in the USA in the 1920s. Theologically and in her own understanding of doctrine she resisted denominational or classical Pentecostalism and asserted her own view, stemming from Azusa Street, that the message of Spirit baptism belonged to the church at large.
Looking a gift horse in the mouth as a defense against increasing intimacy

Abstract The authors hypothesize that people who fear dependence evidence a particular defensive bias by perceiving benefits received to have been less voluntarily given, which justifies not depending upon their partner. In Study 1, both members of married couples completed daily diaries regarding benefits they gave and received and the extent to which each was given involuntarily versus voluntarily. Avoidant attachment measured before marriage predicted perceiving one’s spouse to have given benefits less voluntarily, controlling for that spouse’s reports of how voluntarily benefits had been given. In Study 2, participants identified three specific benefits received from a friend. Days later, participants were primed with avoidant feelings or not before reporting the extent to which the benefits identified earlier had been given voluntarily. Participants primed to feel avoidant perceived their friend to have given them benefits less voluntarily than did the remaining participants.
Selection of an adequate protein-carbohydrate ratio by the domestic chick.

Abstract Male broiler chicks, given access to high protein and high carbohydrate diet fractions, demonstrated an ability to select a protein-carbohydrate ratio sufficient to maintain growth at near control levels. The level of protein selected was below that present in either control diet and declined with age. It is hypothesized that a feedback loop involving learning controls the selection mechanism although the specific cues involved were not isolated in this study.
Disappearing through the skylight: culture and technology in the twentieth century

BACONIAN EMPIRISM, COMPUTER ART, AND THE NEW SCIENCE OF CHAOS. AT THE HEART OF HARDISON'S INQUIRY US THE NOTION OF "HOLISTIC COMMUNICATIONS" - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "MESSAGE" AND "STATIC" IN MODERN CULTURE - WHICH WILL BE MADE TANGIBLE IN THE TEXT ITSELF THROUGH THE USE OF BLACK AND WHITE (AND POSSIBLY COLOUR) ILLUSTRATIONS. SAYS SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE: "IF ANYONE QUALIFIES FOR THAT MUCH-ABUSED DESCRIPTION - RENAISSANCE MAN - OB HARDISON DOES ...NO AREA IS TOO DIFFICULT FOR HIM." THE PROOF WILL BE READILY FOUND IN DISAPPEARING THROUGH THE SKYLIGHT, A BOOK READERS WILL COMPARE TO GODEL, EACHER, BACH, GEORGE JOHNSON'S MACHINERY OF THE MIND, OR JAMES GLEICH'S CHAOS.
Identification of metagenes and their Interactions through Large-scale Analysis of Arabidopsis Gene Expression Data

Many plant genes have been identified through whole genome and deep transcriptome sequencing and other methods; yet our knowledge on the function of many of these genes remains limited. The integration and analysis of large gene-expression datasets gives researchers the ability to formalize hypotheses concerning the functionality and interaction between different groups of correlated genes. We applied the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to the AtGenExpress dataset which consists of 783 microarray samples (29 separate experimental series) conducted on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified 15 metagenes, which are groups of genes with correlated expression. Functional roles of these metagenes are established by observing the enriched gene ontology (GO) categories using gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). Activity levels of these metagenes in various experimental conditions are also analyzed to associate metagenes with stimuli/conditions. A metagene correlation network, constructed based on the results of NMF analysis, revealed many new interactions between the metagenes. Comparison of these metagenes with an earlier large-scale clustering analysis indicates many statistically significant overlaps. This study identifies a network of correlated metagenes composed of Arabidopsis genes acting in a highly correlated fashion across a broad spectrum of experimental stimuli, which may shed some light on the function of many of the un-annotated genes.
Defining mechanisms that regulate RNA polymerase II transcription in vivo

In the eukaryotic genome, the thousands of genes that encode messenger RNA are transcribed by a molecular machine called RNA polymerase II. Analysing the distribution and status of RNA polymerase II across a genome has provided crucial insights into the long-standing mysteries of transcription and its regulation. These studies identify points in the transcription cycle where RNA polymerase II accumulates after encountering a rate-limiting step. When coupled with genome-wide mapping of transcription factors, these approaches identify key regulatory steps and factors and, importantly, provide an understanding of the mechanistic generalities, as well as the rich diversities, of gene regulation.
Colloidal quantum dots

Abstract The applications and physical properties of colloidal quantum dots are briefly reviewed and contrasted with those of Stransky–Krastanov grown quantum dots. To cite this article: P. Guyot-Sionnest, C. R. Physique 9 (2008).
Thyroid hormone and the gut

The gastrointestinal tract interacts actively with the thyroid hormones, T4 and T3. Both T4 and T3 are absorbed well but incompletely from the gut, and many factors affect this absorption. The mechanism of absorption is unknown. It is decreased in most malabsorption conditions, but is increased in the postgastrojejunotomy syndrome. It may involve conjugation to the glucuronide forms (T4G and T3G) in the mucosal cell with subsequent deconjugation prior to appearance in the portal vein blood. Absorption appears to be reduced in the presence of excess T4, and increased in hypothyroidism. The liver takes up a large fraction of the T4 and T3 from its circulation and returns a portion of the portal hormone back to the gut via the bile. There is also direct T4 and T3 secretion into the gut from the mesenteric circulation. Recent studies suggest that the gut plays a major role as a reservoir for the thyroid hormones, especially for T3, and that it may also play a role in the regulation of hormone activity.
Statistical analysis and optimization of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using homodyne lock-in detection

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is used widely in biological research, but the accuracy and precision of lifetime measurements are limited. Photon noise is an inherent error source that cannot be eliminated. In this paper, we present a general approach to compute the probability density of the estimated lifetime for frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using homodyne lock-in detection. The analysis for commonly used excitation methods, including sinusoidal modulation, square-wave modulation, and a periodically pulsed light source, are given and compared to the results of Monte Carlo simulations. The optimum parameters of the excitation waveforms to minimize the variance of the estimated lifetimes are also derived and compared to previously published results.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: The protective effects of ApoE2 and E3

G. William Rebecka, Mark Kindyb and Mary Jo LaDuc,∗ Alzheimer Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Department of Biochemistry, and Stroke Program of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute; and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, and Alzheimer’s Disease Core Center, Northuestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
Evolving multiple discretizations with adaptive intervals for a Pittsburgh rule-based learning classifier system

One of the ways to solve classification problems with real-value attributes using a Learning Classifier System is the use of a discretization algorithm, which enables traditional discrete knowledge representations to solve these problems. A good discretization should balance losing the minimum of information and having a reasonable number of cut points. Choosing a single discretization that achieves this balance across several domains is not easy. This paper proposes a knowledge representation that uses several discretization (both uniform and non-uniform ones) at the same time, choosing the correct method for each problem and attribute through the iterations. Also, the intervals proposed by each discretization can split and merge among them along the evolutionary process, reducing the search space where possible and expanding it where necessary. The knowledge representation is tested across several domains which represent a broad range of possibilities.
A tunable hybrid memory allocator

Dynamic memory management can make up to 60% of total program execution time. Object oriented languages such as C++ can use 20 times more memory than procedural languages like C. Bad memory management causes severe waste of memory, several times that actually needed, in programs. It can also cause degradation in performance. Many widely used allocators waste memory and/or CPU time. Since computer memory is an expensive and limited resource its efficient utilization is necessary. There cannot exist a memory allocator that will deliver best performance and least memory consumption for all programs and therefore easily tunable allocators are required. General purpose allocators that come with operating systems give less than optimal performance or memory consumption. An allocator with a few tunable parameters can be tailored to a program's needs for optimal performance and memory consumption. Our tunable hybrid allocator design shows 11-54% better performance and nearly equal memory consumption when compared to the well known Doug Lea allocator in seven benchmark programs.
k-Anonymization in the Presence of Publisher Preferences

Privacy constraints are typically enforced on shared data that contain sensitive personal attributes. However, owing to its adverse effect on the utility of the data, information loss must be minimized while sanitizing the data. Existing methods for this purpose modify the data only to the extent necessary to satisfy the privacy constraints, thereby asserting that the information loss has been minimized. However, given the subjective nature of information loss, it is often difficult to justify such an assertion. In this paper, we propose an interactive procedure to generate a data generalization scheme that optimally meets the preferences of the data publisher. A data publisher guides the sanitization process by specifying aspirations in terms of desired achievement levels in the objectives. A reference direction based methodology is used to investigate neighborhood solutions if the generated scheme is not acceptable. This approach draws its power from the constructive input received from the publisher about the suitability of a solution before finding a new one.
An integrated motion analysis system guided by feedback information

The issues of using errorful data in motion estimation and of using feedback to improve feature extraction and matching in incremental analysis are addressed. Initial noisy correspondence data are continously refined by removing those parts that do not fit the estimated 3-D motion parameters. The extraction of a tracked region is guided by its expected properties obtained from the corresponding objects in the previous frames. The surfaces of objects are reconstructed from a sparse depth map. >
Evaluation of learning algorithms for optimal policy representation in sensor-network based human health monitoring systems

The paper suggests the methods for learning compact representation of the optimal decision policies in a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework for sensor-network based human health monitoring systems. The learning of a small decision policy is key to deploying the model in small sensor nodes with limited memory. The decision process enables distributed sensor nodes to adapt their sampling rates in response to changing event criticality and the availability of resources (energy) at each node. The globally optimal policy is first calculated offline using an MDP and deployed onto each node. However, the space complexity of the representation is exponential in the number of the sensor nodes and discretization grain of the problem. In this paper, we compare the capability of the compact representation of the optimal decision policy by using different base supervised learners. The results show that unpruned decision trees and high confidence pruned decision trees provide the lowest error rate while the required node number of the decision tree is enough small to be stored in the sensors. Ensembles of lower-confidence trees are capable of perfect representation with only an order of magnitude increase in classifier size compared to individual pruned trees.
Efficient Congestion-Oriented Custom Network-on-Chip Topology Synthesis

We propose a new custom Network-on-Chip (NoC) topology synthesis methodology consisting of floor planning, routers assignment, and routing paths calculation steps. The proposed heuristic methodology integrates fast algorithms based on the B*-tree representation for floor planning, on bipartite matching for the routers assignment step, and on multi commodity flow for congestion minimization for the routing paths calculation step. Hence, it is able to explore a large portion of the solution space efficiently. Network performance is estimated using an integrated cycle-accurate simulator. Experimental results demonstrate that custom irregular NoC topologies can achieve latencies comparable to those achieved by 2-layer 3D regular mesh topologies. The multi commodity flow based routing paths calculation is proven to be effective in improving the average latency at high packet injection rates.
OOPC: an adaptive power control scheme for packet radio networks

The near/far phenomenon in direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems that do not employ any power control strategy degrades their throughput performance. A redeeming feature of this problem though, is that under heavy traffic conditions it can in fact improve the maximum achievable throughput of the network. This paper develops a simple adaptive uplink power control scheme exploiting this insight for spread spectrum packet radio networks that is shown to improve throughput performance. This scheme, referred to as 'on-off power control' (OOPC), utilizes packet collision information to determine the power control operation in a distributed fashion. Additionally, an evaluation of the OOPC performance when "centralized load sensing" is used is also presented. The impact of channel fading is included in the performance analysis by modeling packet transmission to be Nakagami faded.
AML treatment in older adults.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that affects people of all ages but becomes more common with increasing age. The median age at diagnosis is 67 years, and nearly 1/3 of patients are ≥75 years old at diagnosis [1]. However, successful treatment of AML in older patients (typically defined as >60 years in those with AML) presents a significant challenge due to poor tolerance of the standard chemotherapy and adverse biological features of the leukemic cells compared to younger patients. Older patients are more likely to have adverse cytogenetic features, antecedent hematologic disorders that predispose to chemotherapy resistance, and a higher expression of multidrug resistance genes. Furthermore, their increased frequency of comorbidities and decreased performance status at the time of diagnosis leads to poorer tolerance to therapy compared to younger patients. Combined, these features lead to a 5-year leukemia free survival of only 8.5% older adults (age 65-74) compared to 39% in those under age 65 [2].
Effects of Labeling and Teacher Certification Type on Recall and Conflict Resolution.

ABSTRACT. Understanding how labels and prior training affect teachers of students with a disability is a step toward creating effective educational environments. Two goals of the present study were to examine how teacher training (special education vs. general education training) and labeling of students (either as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or not) affected teachers’ memory attributes of a hypothetical student, and to identify whether teacher training and label type influenced how they would respond in a student-initiated conflict. The results suggest that the presence or absence of a label affected general education teachers, with these teachers recalling a greater proportion of hindering behaviors when no label was provided. However, independent of labeling condition, general education teachers tended to endorse a mediation approach when compared to special education teachers. Findings of this study inform educators’ present knowledge about disability training in regard to certific...