cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Interfacial Constraints on the Morphology of Asymmetric Crystalline-Amorphous Diblock Copolymer Films

Through control of the temperature, T, and film thickness, h, the relative influence of forces associated with crystallization, long-range van der Waals forces, and block-copolymer ordering were manipulated to control the structure of films of asymmetric polyethylene-b-poly(styrene-r-ethylene-r-butene) (E-b-SEB) diblock copolymers. The bulk equilibrium structure of this copolymer consists of spheres of the crystallizable E block embedded in the amorphous SEB matrix. In thin films, the E component resides at the free surface and the SEB block resides in contact with the substrate. Within the temperature range T > Tm, where Tm is the melting temperature, yet below the order−disorder transition (ODT) temperature, TODT, all films of thickness h > 12 nm were ordered throughout. The thickness of the brush layer L0, in contact with the substrate, of these films was 12 nm; this thickness is about one-half of the intersphere spacing of the bulk copolymer. Films equal to or thinner than 12 nm dewet, forming droplet...
Acculturation, discrimination and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrants in New York City.

Immigrant mental health issues, especially depression in relation to discrimination and acculturation, are reported to be serious problems in the United States. The current study examines the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Korean immigrants in New York City (NYC) and its relation to self-reported discrimination and acculturation. A sample of 304 Korean immigrants residing in NYC completed a survey utilizing the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Korean version, Discrimination Scale, and Acculturation Stress Scale. Results indicated that 13.2% of the sample population demonstrated some symptoms of depression and that variable such as living alone, marital status, education, years in US and income impact high depression scores. Results also indicate that higher self-reported exposure to discrimination and lower self-reported language proficiency were related to higher depressive symptoms. In a regression analysis, discrimination and English language proficiency were significant predictors of depression, but acculturation stress was not significantly related to depression.
Perspective: By the Numbers: The Fallacy of Formula

The purpose of this and future columns about collection development is to be judiciously critical and mildly constructive.
The reactions of dinitrogen tetroxide with lithium carbonate with a series of magnesium compounds, and with aluminium chloride

Abstract The reactions of liquid dinitrogen tetroxide with lithium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydrodixe, hydrated magnesium chloride, magnesium perchlorate and anhydrous aluminium chloride have been carried out. New methods for the preparation of anhydrous lithium nitrate and magnesium nitrate have been indicated. Evidence has been obtained for the formation of dinitrogen tetroxide adducts of magnesium nitrate and aluminium nitrate.
Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase domains mediate localization, oligomerization, novel catalytic activity, and autoinhibition.

Human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) is a member of a novel class of multidomain protein kinases that regulate cell size and shape in a variety of organisms. However, little is currently known about the general properties of DMPK including domain function, substrate specificity, and potential mechanisms of regulation. Two forms of the kinase are expressed in muscle, DMPK-1 and DMPK-2. We demonstrate that the larger DMPK-1 form (the primary translation product) is proteolytically cleaved near the carboxy terminus to generate the smaller DMPK-2 form. We further demonstrate that the coiled-coil domain is required for DMPK oligomerization; coiled-coil mediated oligomerization also correlated with enhanced catalytic activity. DMPK was found to exhibit a novel catalytic activity similar to, but distinct from, related protein kinases such as protein kinase C and A, and the Rho kinases. We observed that recombinant DMPK-1 exhibits low activity, whereas the activity of carboxy-terminally truncated DMPK i...
Thrombo-embolism in acute and in healed myocardial infarction. II. Systemic and pulmonary arterial occlusion.

This is a study of the location and incidence of intracardiac thrombi in acute and in healed myocardial infarction. In myocardial infarction intracardiac thrombi occur predominantly in the left ventricle. Anterior myocardial infarcts are more commonly associated with mural thrombi than posterior myocardial infarcts. Large myocardial infarcts and congestive failure are factors which predispose to the formation of left ventricular mural thrombi in myocardial infarction.
Effect on College Choice Satisfaction of Matching Students and Colleges

The purpose of this study was to test the currently held theory of homogeneous matching of a student to a college and its effect on college choice satisfaction. Measures of scholastic potential, personality, and interest, and subcultural orientation on 7,257 freshmen enrolled in 28 colleges were related to their expressions of satisfaction with their choice of college. The contention that students most similar or dissimilar to students at their chosen school would be most satisfied or dissatisfied was not supported. The relationship between satisfaction and matching is minimal and quite complex and casts serious doubt on this form of placing students in college.
Thiol and aspartyl proteolytic activities in secretory vesicles of bovine pituitary.

Abstract Thiol and aspartyl proteolytic activities in isolated secretory vesicles of neural (NL) and intermediate (IL) lobes of bovine pituitary were characterized with heterologous enkephalin and tachykinin precursor substrates, 35 S-(Met)-preproenkephalin and 35 S-(Met)-β-preprotachykinin. IL and NL secretory vesicles contained thiol-dependent proteolytic activity that cleaved the enkephalin precursor with a pH optimum of 4.5; this activity resembled a novel ‘prohormone thiol protease’ previously purified and characterized from adrenal medulla chromaffin granules (1). IL and NL vesicles also demonstrated aspartyl proteolytic activity with acidic pH optimum, as shown by pepstatin A inhibition of tachykinin and enkephalin precursor cleaving activity. This activity may be related to a previously characterized chromaffin granule aspartyl protease (CGAP) related to cathepsin D (2), as indicated by the presence of immunoreactive CGAP in NL secretory vesicles by anti-CGAP immunoblots. These results show that pituitary secretory vesicles, like chromaffin granules, may contain similar thiol-dependent and aspartyl proteolytic activities.
Regulating overabundant ungulate populations: An example for elk in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

In many areas of the world, populations of native ungulates have become so abundant that they are believed to be harming vegetation and disrupting ecosystem function. Methods for controlling overabundance populations include culling animals from the population and controlling fertility using contraceptives. However, understanding the feasibility these alternatives requires insight into their long-term effects on populations. We constructed a simulation model to evaluate options for regulating elk populations in and around Rocky Mountain National Park and used the model to compare different treatment options. Methods were evaulated with respect to the time required to reduce the population to a target level, the number of animals treated and/or culled and the risk of extinction. We contrasted culling with lifetime-effect contraceptives and yearlong contraceptives. Lifetime contraceptives required treating the fewest animals to maintain the population at desired targets. However, this approach also causes the greatest population variability and potential risk of extinction. Yearlong contraceptives required treatment of dramatically more animals but had essentially no extinction risk whereas culling produced intermediate levels of both extinction risk and number of animals treated. These results characterize the risks and benefits of alternative control strategies for overabundant wildlife. They emerge from a modeling approach that can be broadly useful in helping managers in choose between alternatives for regulating overabundant wildlife.
Group assertive training for severely disturbed patients

Abstract An assertive training procedure is described for use with groups of severely disturbed adult patients. Five experimental subjects, who had received several group sessions of assertive training, were pre-tested, trained, and post-tested on role-playing proficiency in three difficult situations. Five control subjects, who had also received several group sessions of assertive training, were pre-tested and post-tested but not trained in role playing these three situations. Dependent variables consisted of compliance content, and latency of response plus disruptive pause time. When post-tested, the experimental subjects responded less compliantly, and more quickly with less disruption. The control subjects showed no significant change. Four of the five experimental subjects were re-tested at a 10-month follow-up, and all had maintained their gains.
Electrical Collection and Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Power

The electrical systems needed for offshore wind farms to collect power from wind turbines--and transmit it to shore--will be a significant cost element of these systems. This paper describes the development of a simplified model of the cost and performance of such systems.
Long-Term Outcomes in Younger Men Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy

Purpose: We reviewed the long-term outcomes in men undergoing permanent prostate brachytherapy with a focus on those presenting before age 60 years.Materials and Methods: Between 1992 and 2005 a total of 2,119 patients with clinical stage T1–T2, N0, M0 prostate cancer treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy were included in this study. Treatment regimens consisted of permanent prostate brachytherapy with or without hormone therapy, permanent prostate brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy, or all 3 modalities. Biochemical recurrence was defined using the Phoenix definition. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine if age and/or other clinicopathological features were associated with disease progression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate rates of freedom from progression with the log rank test to compare patients younger than 60 vs 60 years or older.Results: Median followup was 56.1 months. In the study population 237 patients were younger than 60 years at diagnosis (11%). ...
Early response in psychotherapy: Further evidence for the importance of common factors rather than “placebo effects”

Evidence is presented demonstrating that placebo control groups benefit more from psychotherapy than no-treatment control groups but less than patients who receive theory-driven treatments. Through a brief review of the results of comparative outcome studies, studies which compare patient outcomes for those seen by trainees or paraprofessionals versus professional therapists and those which show an early response of a sizable portion of patients, a case is made for the powerful effects of common factors in psychotherapy. The early response phenomenon has proposed another challenge to the unique effects of specific psychotherapies and to the wisdom of emphasizing the causative effects of specific techniques in the treatment of specific disorders.
A human cardiopulmonary system model applied to the analysis of the Valsalva maneuver

Previous models combining the human cardiovascular and pulmonary systems have not addressed their strong dynamic interaction. They are primarily cardiovascular or pulmonary in their orientation and do not permit a full exploration of how the combined cardiopulmonary system responds to large amplitude forcing (e.g., by the Valsalva maneuver). To address this issue, we developed a new model that represents the important components of the cardiopulmonary system and their coupled interaction. Included in the model are descriptions of atrial and ventricular mechanics, hemodynamics of the systemic and pulmonic circulations, baroreflex control of arterial pressure, airway and lung mechanics, and gas transport at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Parameters of this combined model were adjusted to fit nominal data, yielding accurate and realistic pressure, volume, and flow waveforms. With the same set of parameters, the nominal model predicted the hemodynamic responses to the markedly increased intrathoracic (pleural) pressures during the Valsalva maneuver. In summary, this model accurately represents the cardiopulmonary system and can explain how the heart, lung, and autonomic tone interact during the Valsalva maneuver. It is likely that with further refinement it could describe various physiological states and help investigators to better understand the biophysics of cardiopulmonary disease.
The Pore Structure of the Closed RyR1 Channel

Using single particle electron cryomicroscopy, several helices in the membrane-spanning region of RyR1, including an inner transmembrane helix, a short pore helix, and a helix parallel to the membrane on the cytoplasmic side, have been clearly resolved. Our model places a highly conserved glycine (G4934) at the hinge position of the bent inner helix and two rings of negative charges at the luminal and cytoplasmic mouths of the pore. The kinked inner helix closely resembles the inner helix of the open MthK channel, suggesting that kinking alone does not open RyR1, as proposed for K+ channels.
Pituitary carcinoma: a review of the literature.

Pituitary carcinomas, defined as distant metastases of a pituitary neoplasm, are rare; fewer than 140 reports exist in the English literature. The initial presenting pituitary tumor is usually a secreting, invasive macroadenoma, with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)– and prolactin (PRL)–secreting tumors being the most common. The latency period between the diagnosis of a pituitary tumor and the diagnosis of a pituitary carcinoma is 9.5 years for ACTHproducing lesions and 4.7 years for PRL-secreting tumors. Survival after documentation of metastatic disease is poor; 66% of patients die within 1 year. Treatment options include additional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, all of which are associated with poor results. Future studies will focus on identifying those invasive pituitary tumors most likely to metastasize and treating them aggressively before they progress to pituitary carcinomas.
Race, Power, and Equity in a Multiethnic Urban Elementary School with a Dual-Language “Strand” Program

Dual-language education is often lauded for providing high-caliber bilingual instruction in an integrated classroom. This is complicated, however, when a dual-language program does not include all members of a school community. This article examines a “strand” dual-language program that attracts middle-class white students to a predominantly black and Latino community; yet, only some Latino students and almost no black students are included in the dual-language program. Although rarely directly discussing race, teachers and parents simultaneously commend the program for bringing diversity and enrichment to the campus, and accuse it of exacerbating inequities in the educational experiences of different children at the school. Taking a critical race perspective, and in particular using the principle of “interest convergence” and the frames of “color-blind racism” (Eduardo Bonilla-Silva 2006), this article works to uncover the forces underlying these tensions. [two-way immersion, dual-language education, African Americans, critical race theory]
Optimization of Subcell Interconnection for Multijunction Solar Cells Using Switching Power Converters

A multijunction solar cell can extract higher solar energy compared to a single junction cell by splitting the solar spectrum. Although extensive research on solar cell efficiency enhancement is in place, limited research materials are available to identify the optimum interconnection of multijunction solar subcells using power electronic circuits. Multijunction solar cells could be grouped into two main categories: vertical multijunction (VMJ) solar cells and lateral multijunction (LMJ) solar cells. In this paper, a detailed study to identify the optimum interconnection method for various multijunction solar cells has been conducted. The authors believe that the conducted research in this area is very limited, and an effective power electronic circuit could substantially improve the efficiency and utilization of a photovoltaic (PV) power system constructed from multijunction solar cells. A multiple input dc-to-dc boost converter has been used to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed interconnection technique. In order to ensure maximum power point (MPP) operation, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been applied needing only one MPP control for multiple solar modules resulting in cost and complexity reduction. The PSO algorithm has the potential to track the global maxima of the system even under complex illumination situations. A complete functional system with the implementation of the proposed algorithm has been presented in this paper with relevant experimental results.
Anthropometric predictors of body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing in Guatemalan adults.

Background: Most predictive equations currently used to assess percentage body fat (%BF) were derived from persons in industrialized Western societies. Objective: We developed equations to predict %BF from anthropometric measurements in rural and urban Guatemalan adults. Design: Body density was measured in 123 women and 114 men by using hydrostatic weighing and simultaneous measurement of residual lung volume. Anthropometric measures included weight (in kg), height (in cm), 4 skinfold thicknesses [(STs) in mm], and 6 circumferences (in cm). Sex-specific multiple linear regression models were developed with %BF as the dependent variable and age, residence (rural or urban), and all anthropometric measures as independent variables (the "full" model). A "simplified" model was developed by using age, residence, weight, height, and arm, abdominal, and calf circumferences as independent variables. Results: The preferred full models were %BF = -80.261 -(weight X 0.623) + (height X 0.214) + (tricipital ST X 0.379) + (abdominal ST X 0.202) + (abdominal circumference X 0.940) + (thigh circumference X 0.316); root mean square error (RMSE) = 3.0; and pure error (PE) = 3.4 for men and %BF = -15.471 + (tricipital ST X 0.332) + (subscapular ST X 0.154) + (abdominal ST X 0.119) + (hip circumference X 0.356); RMSE = 2.4; and PE = 2.9 for women. The preferred simplified models were %BF = -48.472 - (weight X 0.257) + (abdominal circumference X 0.989); RMSE = 3.8; and PE = 3.7 for men and %BF = 19.420 + (weight X 0.385) - (height X 0.215) + (abdominal circumference X 0.265); RMSE = 3.5; and PE = 3.5 for women. Conclusion: These equations performed better in this developing-country population than did previously published equations.
Computer Simulation of Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Aggregates

A simulation procedure for grain growth has been developed which accounts for local structure and topology. The simulated microstructures show excellent agreement with those found in isotropic polycrystalline metals and ceramics. The grain size distribution, topological distribution, and the topology-grain relations are all in excellent agreement with experiment. Similarly, the kinetics found also reproduce the experimental results. It is suggested that the growth exponent, n < 1/2, is inherent to the grain growth process and is not due to impurities, preferred orientation, etc. as had been previously thought.
Evidence based medicine as a strategy for quality improvement

Evidence based medicine is a strategy to transfer knowledge about disease specific care among patients and healthcare providers. Additionally, evidence based medicine is an opportunity to increase the quality and efficiency of the healthcare system thereby improving the health status of the population. Data for this research was drawn from the 2005 HIMSS Analytics Database which surveyed over 4,000 US hospitals. The study found that healthcare organisations are developing an information technology infrastructure necessary to enhance the quality of healthcare by making the latest research available for improved clinical practice. For example, 99% of integrated delivery systems operate healthcare data centres. These organisations have an average of 1,584 PCs with over 75% of these PCs having internet access. The study has managerial implications on the use of evidence based medicine to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. It has policy implications supporting collaboration across the healthcare industry through evidence based practice.
An improved resonant DC link invertor for induction motor drives

The authors present a bidirectional initial current control concept which solves the voltage overshoot problem in the resonant link and establishes reliable zero-voltage crossing for smooth inverter operation. The resonant circuit is analyzed to establish the criteria for initial current selection. A circuit is proposed to establish the bidirectional initial current. The improved inverter permits successful operation at 50 kHz resonant frequency and can potentially operate up to 100 kHz. The control of the inverter, which involves prediction of the inverter input current, is formulated. A complete inverter-fed induction motor speed control system is simulated using PC-SIMNON. The simulation study at both 50 kHz and 25 kHz resonant frequency indicates the superiority of the inverter at higher resonant frequency. >
A Piecewise-Linear Moment-Matching Approach to Parameterized Model-Order Reduction for Highly Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents a parameterized reduction technique for highly nonlinear systems. In our approach, we first approximate the nonlinear system with a convex combination of parameterized linear models created by linearizing the nonlinear system at points along training trajectories. Each of these linear models is then projected using a moment-matching scheme into a low-order subspace, resulting in a parameterized reduced-order nonlinear system. Several options for selecting the linear models and constructing the projection matrix are presented and analyzed. In addition, we propose a training scheme which automatically selects parameter-space training points by approximating parameter sensitivities. Results and comparisons are presented for three examples which contain distributed strong nonlinearities: a diode transmission line, a microelectromechanical switch, and a pulse-narrowing nonlinear transmission line. In most cases, we are able to accurately capture the parameter dependence over the parameter ranges of plusmn50% from the nominal values and to achieve an average simulation speedup of about 10x.
Crypto-Book: an architecture for privacy preserving online identities

Through cross-site authentication schemes such as OAuth and OpenID, users increasingly rely on popular social networking sites for their digital identities--but use of these identities brings privacy and tracking risks. We propose Crypto-Book, an extension to existing digital identity infrastructures that offers privacy-preserving, digital identities through the use of public key cryptography and ring signatures. Crypto-Book builds a privacy-preserving cryptographic layer atop existing social network identities, via third-party key servers that convert social network identities into public/private key-pairs on demand. Using linkable ring signatures, these key-pairs along with the public keys of other identities create unique pseudonyms untraceable back to the owner yet can resist anonymous abuse.Our proof-of-concept implementation of Crypto-Book creates public/private key pairs for Facebook users, and includes a private key pickup protocol based on E-mail. We present Black Box, a case study application that uses Crypto-Book for accountable anonymous whistle-blowing. Black Box allows users to sign files deniably using ring signatures, using a list of arbitrary Facebook users -- who need not consent or even be aware of this use -- as an explicit anonymity set.
Alteration of thyroid function by ACTH and cortisone.

RECENT observations have indicated that both ACTH and cortisone produce an alteration in the function of the normal thyroid gland. Hill, Reis, Forsham and Thorn (1) have noted a decrease in the radioiodine accumulation gradient, a depression of the basal metabolic rate and a decrease in the serum protein-bound iodine concentration during ACTH therapy. Hardy, Riegel and Erisman (2) also noted a decrease in the level of the serum protein-bound iodine. Money et al. (3) observed a decrease in thyroid weight and thyroidal radioiodine accumulation in rats. Wolfson et al. (4) have confirmed the results reported by Hill, Reiss, Forsham and Thorn and used the term “corticogenic hypothyroidism” to designate these changes. In an attempt to evaluate further the changes in thyroid function during ACTH or cortisone therapy, we have determined the 48-hour radioiodine excretion, the basal metabolic rate, and the levels of total and free serum cholesterol, before, during and after ACTH and cortisone administration.
Identification of Aspartic and Isoaspartic Acid Residues in Amyloid β Peptides, Including Aβ1―42, Using Electron―Ion Reactions

Amyloid β peptides are the major components of the vascular and plaque amyloid filaments in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although it is still unclear what initiates the disease, isomerization of aspartic acid residues in Aβ peptides is directly related to the pathology of AD. The detection of isomerization products is analytically challenging, due to their similar chemical properties and identical molecular mass. Different methods have been applied to differentiate and quantify the isomers, including immunology, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Typically, those methods require comparative analysis with the standard peptides and involve many sample preparation steps. To understand the role of Aβ isomerization in AD progression, a fast, simple, accurate, and reproducible method is necessary. In this work, electron capture dissociation (ECD) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) was applied to detect isomerization in Aβ peptides. ECD generated diagnostic f...
String-oriented databases

Relational databases and Datalog view each attribute as indivisible. This view, though useful in several applications, does not provide a suitable database paradigm for use in genetic, multimedia or scientific databases. Data in these applications are unstructured; querying on sub-strings of attribute values is often necessary. Moreover due to imprecision and incompleteness in the data, approximate reasoning also becomes indispensable. Our aim is to view strings as database objects that can be compared, divided, subsumed, interpreted and approximated. Allowing such operations on strings enriches the semantics and increases the expressive power of database languages. We develop an extension to the relational algebra, augmenting it with the concept of a string expression with a rich structure of string variables, mapping functions, interpreted string operations and approximate evaluations. We study properties of such expressions and show that many of the well-known properties of relational algebra hold in the extension. We also discuss an extension to Datalog(String) and an implementation of a prototype system called S-log. S-log integrates pattern matching in Datalog framework. We contend that string oriented database systems would be useful in applications that require efficient sub-structure analysis, such as aligning DNA strings using motifs, retrieving and synthesizing iconic images based on content.
Corneal perforation by an astigmatic keratotomy performed with an optical coherence tomography-guided femtosecond laser

We present a case of corneal perforation secondary to an intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy performed with an optical coherence tomography–guided femtosecond laser. The keratotomy was concomitant with cataract surgery and resulted in a flat anterior chamber prior to the start of lens extraction. Interrupted nylon sutures were placed to seal the keratotomy prior to phacoemulsification. Escape of cavitation bubbles into the anterior chamber or the liquid interface can alert the surgeon to the possibility of unintended perforation of the endothelium or the epithelium, respectively. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
RESULTS OF 265 CONSECUTIVE PROXIMAL HYPOSPADIAS REPAIRS USING THE THIERSCH-DUPLAY PRINCIPLE

ABSTRACTPurpose: We review the evolution of the concept of tubularization of the urethral plate and our results in the repair of proximal hypospadias.Materials and Methods: A total of 281 children born with proximal hypospadias underwent Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with or without a midline incision of the urethral plate between 1989 and 1998. Followup data were available in 265 children.Results: Excellent functional and cosmetic results were achieved in 88.7% of the patients. The use of either a dartos or tunica vaginalis flap to waterproof the urethral suture line resulted in a decrease in the fistula rate from 17% to 1.8%.Conclusions: The principles of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty represent the basic foundation for surgical techniques that use the urethral plate to construct a urethral tube. The use of this principle in the repair of proximal hypospadias compares favorably with other methods.
Mechanisms of Maidan: The Structure of Contingency in the Making of the Orange Revolution

*† This study evaluates the validity and causal weight of competing causal mechanisms that purport to explain a single set of choices (and critical turning point) within a contentious episode: the decision to participate in the Orange Revolution protests in Ukraine in November 2004. These protests were characterized by extraordinarily high levels of participation, despite freezing temperatures and the threat of violence. Using evidence from public-opinion surveys and eyewitness accounts, the study shows how causal processes unfolded and accumulated and at several levels (structural, conjunctural, endogenous). Overall, participation represented more a short-term fluctuation than a general shift in societal values and behaviors, was fueled more by a long train of abuses than by suddenly imposed grievances, and was aided by a robust form of electoral campaigning. Events functioned as occasions for crafting together a diverse coalition of participants motivated by a variety of concerns— national, economic, and civic. On Sunday November 21, 2004 (election day in Ukraine), as the expected reports of massive electoral fraud began to trickle in, the campaign of Viktor Yushchenko issued a call for supporters to begin a protest campaign the following day on Kyiv’s Independence Square (known simply as “the Square,” or in Ukrainian—Maidan). The organizers expected that no more than 60,000 to 70,000 people would turn out, sowing doubts among them as to whether their strategy would succeed. After all, the Yushchenko campaign had never managed to gather more than 70,000 at any previous rally, and the winter temperatures, the fact that Monday was a working day, the government’s control of the media, and the risks involved in openly defying a government that had not shied away from using violence against protestors in the past, were hardly conducive to optimism. Taras Stetskiv—one of the coordinators of Yushchenko’s campaign—later recalled the scene at Maidan in the morning hours of November 22: When my colleagues and I came to Maidan, there were only about 500 people. At 10 AM, there were about three or four thousand. We even had a bit of rain. We thought people would not come out to the streets. At 11 AM . . . people from headquarters were calling us up and asking [how many had arrived], and I said “It’s about 30,000 people.” And they said: “It’s a catastrophe. With this amount, we won’t be able to achieve anything.” (quoted in Orange Revolution 2007) To the relief of the Yushchenko campaign, around noon people began pouring into the square. The size of the crowd increased to 80,000 and then swelled to 200,000. To the surprise of the organizers themselves (and the Kuchma regime), Kyivans had turned out in unexpectedly large numbers, skipping work to register their protest. Over the ensuing days, as people from all over Ukraine converged on the square, the number of protestors in the center of Kyiv climbed to
Watching What We Think: The Dismantling of the Mainstream Media Monopoly

Seeking to explain the relative rise of perceived "conservative news" and the deterioration of the perceived "liberal media," we presume that ours is a simple economic case of what happens when monopolistic power is lost. Polarization is exuberated, though there is increased democratic participation on the positive side.
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in children listed for heart transplant: Analysis from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group.

1. Kataoka M, Inami T, Hayashida K, et al. Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:756-62. 2. Inami T, Kataoka M, Shimura N, et al. Pressure-wire-guided percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty: a breakthrough in the catheter-interventional therapy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:1297-306. 3. Kreutzer J, Landzberg MJ, Preminger TJ, et al. Isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses in the adult. Circulation 1996;93:1417-23. 4. Rothman A, Levy DJ, Sklansky MS, et al. Balloon angioplasty and stenting of multiple intralobar pulmonary arterial stenoses in adult patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;58:252-60.
Implementation of an Integrative Holistic Healthcare Model for People Living with Parkinson’s Disease

Purpose Research demonstrates that people with Parkinson's disease (PD) benefit greatly from multidisciplinary medical care. Delaware does not have a Movement Disorder Center or a movement disorder specialist. To address this issue, the University of Delaware Nurse Managed Health Center (NMHC) developed a novel PD Telehealth Clinic serving individuals with PD and their caregivers throughout Delaware. Design and methods The PD clinic is based on a collaborative framework that uses synchronous videoconferencing telehealth technology to bring together out-of-state clinicians and scientists with expertise in PD to help deliver specialized care to PD patients and their caregivers. The team includes a movement disorder specialist, psychologists, nurse practitioners, researchers, physical and speech therapists, exercise physiologists, nutritionists, and graduate students. The PD Clinic delivery model seamlessly blends telehealth provider and onsite provider interactions, enabling the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of PD. Results In the first 6 months of the Parkinson's clinic opening, the nurse practitioners along with the movement disorder specialist evaluated 36 PD patients. Several patients have received recommendations to change their medication regimen by the movement disorder specialist. About 20 patients were referred to physical therapy, 7 to speech therapy, 9 to mental health services, 1 to occupational therapy, and 12 to local support groups. The location of the NMHC-PD clinic has reduced travel time and distance by as much as 1.5 hr or 80 miles, each way, and wait time for a new patient appointment is less than 3 months. Implications The NMHC - PD Telehealth Clinic provides access to specialized multidisciplinary and advanced care and was successfully implemented. This model can be replicated in other nurse managed health centers across the United States.
Disabling Incarceration: Connecting Disability to Divergent Confinements in the USA

This article suggests the merits of conceptualizing incarceration as including institutionalization in a wide variety of enclosed settings, including prisons, jails, institutions for the intellectu...
On the physiology of the thyroids

It seemed possible that many of the symptoms following thyroidectomy, namely, decreased metabolism, accumulation of mucoid in the subcutaneous connective tissues, colloidal changes in the kidneys and liver, hyaline degeneration in the arterial walls, decreased development of bones, delayed ossification of epiphysial cartilages and synchondroses, disturbances in temperature, and decline in muscular tone might result from decreased or incomplete protein oxidation. Conversely, this hypothesis would imply that the thyroids exert an influence over some intracellular oxidative processes.To throw light on this hypothesis the power of tissues taken from normal animals to oxidize indol was compared with that of tissues taken from thyroidectomized dogs. The dogs were bled from the carotids, the organs removed under the usual precautions, hashed, divided into convenient quantities and exposed to seven times their weight of 0.005 per cent, indol solution. Toluol was added to prevent bacterial action. The mixtures wer...
CAMPELLO, Eliane T. A. O Künstlerroman de autoria feminina: a poética da artista em Atwood, Tyler, Piñon e Valenzuela.

CAMPELLO, Eliane T. A. O Kunstlerroman de autoria feminina: a poetica da artista em Atwood, Tyler, Pinon e Valenzuela.
Rhinomanometry for preoperative and postoperative assessment of nasal obstruction.

In this retrospective study we used active, anterior mask rhinomanometric methods to measure nasal resistance before and after surgery for nasal obstruction. The study group comprised 60 patients w...
Effects of Velocity-Based Packing Criteria on Models of Alloy Solidification with Free Floating Solid

In many solidification processes, particularly in the presence of grain refiner, solid grains initially form as free floating particles suspended within the liquid metal. As these grains continue to grow in number and size, their interactions cause them to form a permeable rigid solid structure. The majority of these models for equiaxed solidification assume that the transition from a slurry of particles to a rigid solid structure occurs at a fixed, uniform solid fraction. This approach does not include the influence of the local velocity field on the likelihood of packing. The present study investigates the effects of three different methods of including the solid particle velocity into packing rules and applies them to simulations of static castings. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed in relation to the more common constant packing fraction model.
Characterization and comparison between lithium iron p hosphate and lithium-polymers batteries

Abstract Electrochemical storage systems are increasingly employed in stationary and automotive applications. The lithium-ion technology nowadays shows the best features and future development prospects. Nevertheless, lithium-ion chemistries are a lot and there is the need to know in deep their behaviour in relation to the final applications. Among the most used Lithium technologies, the CNR-ITAE has selected two different Lithium technologies: Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LiFePO4) and Lithium-Polymers to be tested and compared. Indeed, several electrical vehicles developers and electrical network operators are choosing these specific chemistries for their safety, relatively low cost and flexibility in creating customized battery pack. This paper reports the results of several tests carried out in order to investigate the features of each battery technology for stationary and automotive applications. In particular, the capacity reduction (Peukert effect) and the cell efficiency were analysed. Furthermore, tests showed the different relax time effect and the dynamic behaviour of cells subjected to different load profiles compliant with IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) tests procedures. A final analysis was carried out comparing the main performance indicators (Capacity, Amperometric and Energetic Efficiency, working temperatures, etc.).
Predictors of Participation in Mammography Screening among Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic Women.

Introduction: Many factors influence women’s decisions to participate in guideline recommended screening mammography. We evaluated the influence of women’s socioeconomic characteristics, healthcare access, and cultural and psychological healthcare preferences on timely mammography screening participation. Materials and methods: A random digit dial survey of United States non-Hispanic Black, non- Hispanic White, and Hispanic women ages 40-75, from January-August 2009 determined self- reported time of most recent mammogram. Screening rates were assessed based on receipt of a screening mammogram within the prior 12 months, the interval recommended at the time by the American Cancer Society. Results: Thirty-nine percent of women reported not having a mammogram within the last 12 months. The odds of not having had a screening mammography was higher for non-Hispanic White women than for non-Hispanic Black (OR=2.16, 95% CI=0.26, 0.82, p=0.009) or Hispanic (OR=4.17, 95% CI=0.12, 0.48, p=0.01) women. Lack of health insurance (OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.54, 6.73, p=0.002) and lack of usual source of medical care (OR=3.37, 95% CI=1.43, 7.94, p=0.01) were associated with not being screened as were lower self-efficacy to obtain screening (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.26, 4.73, p=0.01) and greater levels of religiosity and spirituality (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.00, 2.00, p=0.05). Neither perceived risk nor present temporal orientation was significant. Discussion: Odds of not having a mammogram increased if women were uninsured, without medical care, non-Hispanic white, older in age, not confident in their ability to obtain screening, or held passive or external religious/spiritual values. Results are encouraging given racial disparities in healthcare participation and suggest that efforts to increase screening among minority women may be working.
Comparison of Revision Rates of Non-modular Constrained Versus Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study.

BackgroundAttaining stability during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential for a successful outcome. Although traditional constrained total knee prostheses have generally been used in conjunct...
An Expectation Maximization algorithm for fitting the generalized odds-rate model to interval censored data.

The generalized odds-rate model is a class of semiparametric regression models, which includes the proportional hazards and proportional odds models as special cases. There are few works on estimation of the generalized odds-rate model with interval censored data because of the challenges in maximizing the complex likelihood function. In this paper, we propose a gamma-Poisson data augmentation approach to develop an Expectation Maximization algorithm, which can be used to fit the generalized odds-rate model to interval censored data. The proposed Expectation Maximization algorithm is easy to implement and is computationally efficient. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comprehensive simulation studies and illustrated through applications to datasets from breast cancer and hemophilia studies. In order to make the proposed method easy to use in practice, an R package ‘ICGOR’ was developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical Clearance: Fact or Fiction in the Hospital Emergency Room

Prior medical clearance is an important variable in the psychiatric assessment of the emergency room patient. An analysis of documentation of prior physical examinations on a consecutive series of 137 patients seen in a general hospital emergency room and referred for psychiatric consultation revealed wide variance in physical examinations. The authors discuss the implications of incomplete physical examinations for psychiatry and offer proposals for standardization of this important aspect of patient evaluation.
Test-retest reliability of jump execution variables using mechanography: a comparison of jump protocols

ABSTRACTMechanography during the vertical jump may enhance screening and determining mechanistic causes underlying physical performance changes. Utility of jump mechanography for evaluation is limited by scant test-retest reliability data on force-time variables. This study examined the test-retest reliability of eight jump execution variables assessed from mechanography. Thirty-two women (mean±SD: age 20.8 ± 1.3 yr) and 16 men (age 22.1 ± 1.9 yr) attended a familiarization session and two testing sessions, all one week apart. Participants performed two variations of the squat jump with squat depth self-selected and controlled using a goniometer to 80o knee flexion. Test-retest reliability was quantified as the systematic error (using effect size between jumps), random error (using coefficients of variation), and test-retest correlations (using intra-class correlation coefficients). Overall, jump execution variables demonstrated acceptable reliability, evidenced by small systematic errors (mean±95%CI: 0.2...
Modeling browse impacts on sapling and tree recruitment across forests in the northern United States

Understanding the patterns of tree recruitment is essential to quantifying the future health and productivity of forest ecosystems. Using national forest inventory information, we incorporated browse impact measurements into models of sapling (2.5–12.7 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) and overstory tree (≥12.7 cm DBH) ingrowth across the northern United States. Ingrowth was modeled with standard and zero-inflated techniques using discrete Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Zero-inflated models using stand attributes and browse impacts provided the best fit statistics for modeling the occurrence and frequency of ingrowth over a 5-year time period. Results indicate that stands with very high browse impact would contain 50.0% fewer ingrowth saplings compared with stands with no browse impact. Greater browse impacts similarly yielded a negative effect on overstory tree ingrowth, but to a lesser degree than saplings. Despite the stochastic nature of ingrowth observations, incorporating browse impacts may be essential in determining accurate levels of ingrowth in forests where herbivory constrains forest regeneration objectives.
AP-4 mediates export of ATG9A from the trans-Golgi network to promote autophagosome formation.

AP-4 is a member of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complex family involved in protein sorting in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Interest in AP-4 has recently risen with the discovery that mutations in any of its four subunits cause a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with intellectual disability. The critical sorting events mediated by AP-4 and the pathogenesis of AP-4 deficiency, however, remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification of ATG9A, the only multispanning membrane component of the core autophagy machinery, as a specific AP-4 cargo. AP-4 promotes signal-mediated export of ATG9A from the trans-Golgi network to the peripheral cytoplasm, contributing to lipidation of the autophagy protein LC3B and maturation of preautophagosomal structures. These findings implicate AP-4 as a regulator of autophagy and altered autophagy as a possible defect in AP-4–deficient HSP.