cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Regions Promote U11 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Particle Binding to a Retroviral Splicing Inhibitor Element (Negative Regulator of Splicing)

The Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) negative regulator of splicing (NRS) is an RNA element that represses splicing and promotes polyadenylation of viral RNA. The NRS acts as a pseudo 5′ splice site (ss), and serine-arginine (SR) proteins, U1snRNP, and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are implicated in its function. The NRS also efficiently binds U11 snRNP of the U12-dependent splicing pathway, which is interesting, because U11 binds only poorly to authentic substrates that lack a U12-type 3′ splice site. It is of considerable interest to understand how the low abundance U11 snRNP binds the NRS so well. Here we show that U11 can bind the NRS as a mono-snRNP in vitro and that a G-rich element located downstream of the U11 site is required for efficient binding. Mutational analyses indicated that two of four G tracts in this region were important for optimal U11 binding and that the G-rich region did not function indirectly by promoting U1 snRNP binding to an overlapping site. Surprisingly, inactivation of U2 snRNP also decreased U11 binding to the NRS. The NRS harbors a branch point-like/pyrimidine tract sequence (BP/Py) just upstream of the U1/U11 site that is characteristic of 3′ splice sites. Deletion of this region decreased U2 and U11 binding, and deletion of the G-rich region also reduced U2 binding. The G element, but not the BP/Py sequence, was also required for U11 binding to the NRS in vivo as assessed by minor class splicing from the NRS to a minor class 3′ss from the P120 gene. These results indicate that efficient U11 binding to the isolated NRS involves at least two elements in addition to the U11 consensus sequence and may have implications for U11 binding to authentic splicing substrates.
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract The goal of the study was to compare cardiovascular heart disease risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and matched control subjects. Women with PCOS have risk factors, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance, that suggest a male coronary heart disease risk-factor profile. A total of 206 women with PCOS were recruited by using records from a large reproductive endocrinology practice. A clinical diagnosis of PCOS was made if there was a history of chronic anovulation in association with either clinical evidence of androgen excess (hirsutism) or if total testosterone level was >2 nm/L or the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio was greater than 2. The overall response rate for cases was 76%. A control population was obtained by using a combination of area voters’ registration tapes and directories of households. A control subject was matched to each case subject by age±5 years, race, and neighborhood. The response rate for recruitment of the first or second eligible control subject was 83.6%. The average age at initial interview was 35.9±7.4 years for case and 37.2±7.8 years for control subjects. Women with PCOS had significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with control women. These included increases in body mass index, insulin, and triglyceride levels ( P 2 levels ( P P 2 , LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were still significant between case and control subjects. These risk factors were especially elevated in PCOS women in the early premenopausal years compared with control women, indicating that women with PCOS should be monitored for early detection and considered for appropriate clinical interventions.
Multi-view modeling and analysis of embedded real-time software with meta-modeling and model transformation

We present an end-to-end tool-chain for model-based design and analysis of component-based embedded real-time software, with Avionics Mission Computing as an application domain. The tool-chain covers the entire system development life-cycle including modeling, analysis, code generation, and runtime instrumentation. Emphasis is placed on integration of tools developed by multiple institutions via standardized interface format definitions in XML. All aspects of an embedded real-time system are captured in domain-specific models, including software components and architecture, timing and resource constraints, processes and threads, execution platforms, etc. Configuration code generation allows automated building of the application executable. Instrumentation of the application running on a target platform is used to collect run-time statistics that are fedback into the models. Analysis tools perform various static analyses based on the models, including system-level dependency analysis, execution-rate assignment to component ports, real-time and schedulability analysis, and automated allocation of components to processors. By capturing all relevant information explicitly in models at the design level, and performing analysis that provides insight into non-functional aspects of the system, we can raise the level of abstraction for the designer, and facilitate rapid system prototyping.
Property (τ) and countable Borel equivalence relations

We prove Borel superrigidity results for suitably chosen actions of groups of the form SL2(ℤ[1/p1, … , 1/pt]), where {p1, …, pt} is a finite nonempty set of primes, and present a number of applications to the theory of countable Borel equivalence relations. In particular, for each prime q, we prove that the orbit equivalence relations arising from the natural actions of SL2(ℤ[1/q]) on the projective lines ℚp ∪ {∞}, p ≠ q, over the various p-adic fields are pairwise incomparable with respect to Borel reducibility.
Application of Continuous Seismic Reflection Methods to Hydrologic Studies

Oil and gas exploration and engineering studies in water-covered areas routinely use continuous seismic profiling techniques to obtain subsurface geologic information. Such profiling also can be used effectively in hydrologic studies to define the geologic framework of aquifer systems, to locate hydrologic boundaries, and in some places, to interpret the lithologic character of aquifers and confining beds. High-resolution continuous seismic profiling, through the use of nonexplosive sound sources, can be used to produce continuous records that require little data processing before hydrogeologic interpretation. High-resolution tuned transducer, minisparker, Uniboom, and small airgun systems operating from small boats in shallow water are capable of transmitting energy that can penetrate up to a hundred meters of earth materials. The resulting analog records of the reflected seismic signal closely resemble geologic sections. Surveys on the Housatonic River in Connecticut and Massachusetts, and on the Connecticut River, in water from 1 to 10 meters deep, have defined the bedrock surface beneath 60 meters of stratified drift. Seismic-reflection profiling also was used to determine the extent and thickness of recent lake-bottom deposits in two Connecticut lakes. Surveys along 90 kilometers of river channels in the Sarasota-port Charlotte, Florida, area defined in detail the stratigrapahy and continuity of the shallow aquifers.
Sensor-based intrusion detection for intra-domain distance-vector routing

Detection of routing-based attacks is difficult because malicious routing behavior can be identified only in specific network locations. In addition, the configuration of the signatures used by intrusion detection sensors is a time-consuming and error-prone task because it has to take into account both the network topology and the characteristics of the particular routing protocol in use. We describe an intrusion detection technique that uses information about both the network topology and the positioning of sensors to determine what can be considered malicious in a particular place of the network. The technique relies on an algorithm that automatically generates the appropriate sensor signatures. This paper presents a description of the approach, applies it to an intra-domain distance-vector protocol and reports the results of its evaluation.
Proving Sustainability: The International Development Monitoring Initative

Nearly a billion people in the world lack access to safe drinking water, two billion have inadequate sanitation facilities, three billion use biomass for their daily energy needs and nearly half the world's population live in rural isolation, lacking access to the most basic human services. Combined, these limitations are a leading cause of the perpetuating cycle of poverty and political insecurity. Meanwhile, the majority of international development agencies are responsible for self-reporting project outcomes. At best, expert spot-checks are conducted in the field occasionally. These results tend to show individual project success, while meta-surveys indicate on-going challenges in the sector. This disconnect may be addressed through independent data monitoring technologies that provide objective data on system performance and use and can be used to demonstrate success and identify project weaknesses. By demonstrating which technologies and programs are truly successful, these successes can be targeted for scaling, through savings realized by eliminating unsuccessful approaches. This will benefit developing communities by providing proven and accountable programs. The Sustainable Water, Energy and Environmental Technologies Laboratory, the SWEETLab, at Portland State University is working with partners to demonstrate this concept across several applications and countries. The SWEETSense technology can provide objective, qualitative and continuous operational data on the usage and performance of programs across a range of sectors and communities. The data is then directly integrated into SWEETData, an internet database presenting summary statistics on performance and usage of the monitored technologies to front-end users. The SWEETLab is currently demonstrating this concept in water, sanitation, household energy and rural infrastructure programs with diverse partners including Mercy Corps, the Lemelson Foundation, Bridges to Prosperity, Manna Energy Limited and Vestergaard Frandsen, in several countries including Indonesia, Haiti, Guatemala and Rwanda. Remote monitoring systems are an innovative method to ensure the success of appropriate technology projects. Rather than infrequent engagement, remote monitoring systems ensure that community partnerships are maintained through continuous monitoring. This approach seeks to raise the quality and accountability of these projects internationally.
The Kinetoplast and Kinetoplast DNA

In previous chapters I have referred to the remarkable changes in morphology and especially in physiology exhibited in the life cycles of the African trypanosomes (see Diagram V), causative agents of sleeping sickness in humans and of various diseases of cattle and other domestic animals. Especially striking is the switch in metabolism from the glycerophosphate oxidase system of the bloodstream form to the cytochrome-mediated respiration of the insect form (procyclic), accompanied by loss of infectivity. These changes seem to be mediated by changes in the single mitochondrion. This mitochondrion is unique in having a special region, always immediately adjacent to the basal body of the flagellum, that contains “the most unusual DNA in nature” (as P. Borst has aptly termed it). There is so much DNA that it can be seen by light microscopy after staining with Feulgen or Giemsa stain. Indeed, this was the first extranuclear DNA ever noted, long before DNA had been demonstrated in mitochondria and long before anyone suspected that the kinetoplast is actually a part of the mitochondrion of trypanosomes.
The Videodisk: Technology, Applications, and Some Implications for Archives

As a medium of information storage and retrieval, the video or optical disk affords certain advantages such as high-density storage capabilities, image stability, and speed of recall. This article reviews current videodisk technology and discusses some of its strengths, advantages, and problems as well as its potential as a medium of recording, storage, and retrieval for archival materials, both textual and pictorial. Also considered are the experimental and exploratory uses of the videodisk for archival purposes as conducted in pilot programs by the Public Archives of Canada and by the Library of Congress. Although the videodisk is relatively new and as yet has not been adopted as a permanent storage medium on a large scale, its technical potential is such that its use in archives should not be overlooked.
The Effect of Gateway Course Completion on Freshman College Student Retention

This study measured the rate of retention to the second semester among first-time, full-time freshman college students who attempted a gateway course within their declared major during their first ...
A land transportation bomb threat training simulator

The large numbers of passengers in close proximity in land transportation facilities present attractive targets for terrorist attacks. Land transportation facilities are also particularly susceptible to operational disruption, as problems in one node can affect an entire transportation network. This paper describes an effort to mitigate the operational disruption that can be caused by bombs and bomb threats targeted towards these types of transportation facilities. The authors develop an interactive multimedia bomb threat training simulator for land transportation facilities. With the simulator, land transportation facility personnel can receive simulated bomb threats, gather information, and decide whether to ignore the threat, conduct a search for suspect devices, or evacuate the facility. Because this training is simulated, users can receive realistic bomb threat training that might not otherwise be possible due to time, cost, or operational considerations. Quantitative training validation analysis indicates improved bomb threat response skills as a result of training with the simulator.
Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Outcomes Among College Women Drinkers Does Disordered Eating and Race Moderate This Association

The current study examined the degree to which associations that protective behavioral strategy use had with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences were moderated by disorder...
A survey of mindset theories of intelligence and medical error self-reporting among pediatric housestaff and faculty

Intelligence theory research has illustrated that people hold either “fixed” (intelligence is immutable) or “growth” (intelligence can be improved) mindsets and that these views may affect how people learn throughout their lifetime. Little is known about the mindsets of physicians, and how mindset may affect their lifetime learning and integration of feedback. Our objective was to determine if pediatric physicians are of the "fixed" or "growth" mindset and whether individual mindset affects perception of medical error reporting.
Cervical Cancer in Women Aged 35 Years and Younger

Abstract Purpose Age has been evaluated as a prognostic factor in cervical cancer in both hospital- and population-based studies. Results regarding the relation of age and cervical cancer prognosis are conflicting. This study pursued a contemporary assessment of the association of extreme young age at the time of a cervical cancer diagnosis on survival. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained, and retrospective data collection at 2 academic institutions was performed. Inclusion criteria involved women ≤35 years diagnosed with cervical cancer between 1990 and 2012. Data included demographic and prognostic information pertinent to survival and progression. Characteristics of very young (≤25 years) and young (>25–35 years) women were compared. Kaplan-Meier estimates, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess the association of age, tumor histology, grade, stage, and parametrial involvement with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Findings Incident cases (n = 126) of cervical cancer in patients ≤35 years of age were identified of which complete clinical information was available for 114 women. Fifteen percent (17 of 114) were ≤25 years, with the remaining 85% (97 of 114) being 26 to 35 years of age. Race, smoking status, and marital status were comparable between the 2 groups. Squamous histology dominated overall (77 of 114; 68%) with adenocarcinoma contributing ~25% (30 of 114; 26%) of cases. The majority (96 of 114, 84%) had either stage 1A (31 of 114, 27%) or 1B (65 of 114, 57%) disease. A log-rank test revealed no evidence to infer a difference in either PFS or OS among the age groups ( P = 0.511 and P = 0.340). In a univariate analysis, grade and stage significantly affected OS ( P P = 0.045), and stage significantly affected PFS ( P P = 0.002, P = 0.001) and OS ( P = 0.001, P = 0.001). Implications Tumor histology, parametrial involvement, and stage continue to be strong prognosticators for PFS and OS. Progression and survival outcomes are age independent in women with cervical cancer ≤35 years of age. Further study of a larger young cohort may potentially yield different outcomes.
Early establishment of cerebral dysfunction after portacaval shunting

Portacaval shunting in rats results in brain dysfunction, as indicated by reduced energy metabolism and behavioral abnormalities, as well as many biochemical changes in plasma and brain. No etiological connections have been made between these findings, which have been studied mainly 2 wk or more after shunting. To determine how soon the various abnormalities occur and which are associated temporally with the decrease in brain glucose use, we studied shunted and sham-operated rats between 6 h and 11 days after surgery. Six hours after portacaval shunting, plasma aromatic amino acids, brain glutamine, aromatic amino acids, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and tryptophan transport into the brain were all significantly higher than normal. Brain glucose use showed a downward trend and was fully depressed within 1 day. Plasma branched-chain amino acids and threonine were decreased, and brain serotonin and norepinephrine content increased only after 2 days; these changes were therefore dissociated from the other abnormalities that developed in a shorter period. The results showed that the cerebral dysfunction characteristic of portacaval shunting began within hours and was fully established by 2 days.
A Case Study Contrasting German Systematic Engineering Design With Affordance Based Design

In the young field of engineering design theory, various approaches to design differ in their conceptual bases, methods, and scope. These core differences make comparing design theories difficult. One strategy to overcome these differences, long used in the social sciences to test and compare theories, is the case study. In this paper we adopt a published design project, that of a computer monitor stand, and use it as a case study to compare two design theories. The design project was originally conducted using a form of German Systematic Engineering Design (GSED). We contrast those original results with what is obtainable using Affordance Based Design (ABD). Important insights into the differences between these two design theories quickly emerge. Among the differences found are the ways in which: customer needs data is interpreted and handled, product characteristics are represented, customer needs data flows into the ideation and selection processes, and bound and target data are utilized. Perhaps the most important difference shown is at what stage, and how, the product architecture is designed. In GSED, typically the product architecture arises in a bottom-up fashion from a combination of various sub-function solution principles. However, in ABD, the product architecture is the first subject of ideation and selection, as the high-level architecture determines in a top-down fashion most of the lower-level affordances that are designed subsequently. While no two design projects, design teams, or design methods are the same, it is hoped that this particular case study elucidates some of the salient differences between an established and a nascent design theory.© 2005 ASME
Seasonal changes in sediment and water chemistry of a subtropical shallow eutrophic lake

A field study was conducted (May 1981 to June 1982) to develop a data-base on seasonal changes of water and sediment chemistry of Lake Monroe (4 000 ha surface and ca. 2 m deep) located in central Florida, USA. This shallow eutrophic lake is a part of the St. Johns River. Quantitative samples of lake water and sediments were collected on a monthly basis from 16 stations and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Relatively high levels of dissolved solids (mean electrical conductivity (EC) = 1832 µS cm1) prevailed in the lake water, and seasonal changes in EC were probably associated with hydrologic flushing from external sources, such as incoming water from upstream as well as precipitation. Average monthly levels of total N and P during the study period were 1.82 and 0.21 mg l−1, respectively. Nutrient concentrations in the water did not show any strong seasonal trends. Organic matter content of lake sediments ranged from 1 to 182 g C kg−1 of dry sediment, reflecting considerable spatial variability. All nutrient elements in the sediments showed highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations with sediment organic C, though little or no significant relationship appeared at any sampling period between water and sediment chemistry of the lake. Temporal trends in water and sediment chemical parameters may have been concealed by periodic hydrologic flushing of the St. Johns River into Lake Monroe.
Two-stage Methods to Implement and Analyze the Biomarker-guided Clinical Trail Designs in the Presence of Biomarker Misclassification

With the advance of targeted therapies, there is a growing trend that the physicians tend to select personalized medicine to treat cancer according to the patient's biomarker profile. To efficiently evaluate the treatment and marker effects for targeted therapies, various biomarker-guided clinical trial designs have been proposed. The implementation and analysis of these biomarker-guided designs require that the biomarkers are accurately measured, which may not always be feasible in practice. Recently, we have investigated this topic and proposed a series of two-stage designs to correct the biomarker misclassification. In this article, we review these two-stage methods which provide a practical guideline to accommodate the biomarker misclassification for the biomarker-guided designs.
Colchicine on Sodium Urate-Induced Paw Swelling in Mice: Structure-Activity Relationships of Colchicine Derivatives

SummarySeveral compounds representing various structural modifications of the colchicine molecule were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental model of inflammation to determine which parts of the colchicine molecule are necessary for its anti-inflammatory activity. The experimental model of inflammation consisted of mouse paw swelling induced by a subplantar injection of a suspension of microcrystal-line sodium urate. Paw swelling was then measured by the paw immersion technique. The results indicate that the methoxytropone moiety and the nitrogen function of colchicine are essential for anti-inflammatory activity. Complete removal of the nitrogen function of colchicine resulted in a compound with only one-fiftieth the activity of colchicine. Since this substance is known to be a more potent antimitotic agent than colchicine, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antimitotic activities of these compounds are distinct at least in our test system.
Comparison of Frequency of Frailty and Severely Impaired Physical Function in Patients ≥60 Years Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Versus Chronic Stable Heart Failure With Reduced and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have persistently poor outcomes including frequent rehospitalization despite guidelines-based therapy. We hypothesized that such patients have multiple, severe impairments in physical function, cognition, and mood that are not addressed by current care pathways. We prospectively examined frailty, physical function, cognition, mood, and quality of life in 27 consecutive older patients with ADHF at 3 medical centers and compared these with 197 participants in 3 age-matched cohorts: stable heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (n = 80), stable HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 56), and healthy older adults (n = 61). Based on Fried criteria, frailty was present in 56% of patients with ADHF versus 0 for the age-matched chronic HF and health cohorts. Patients with ADHF had markedly reduced Short Physical Performance Battery score (5.3 ± 2.8) and 6-minute walk distance (178 ± 102 m) (p <0.001 vs other cohorts), with severe deficits in all domains of physical function: balance, mobility, strength, and endurance. In the patients with ADHF, cognitive impairment (78%) and depression (30%) were common, and quality of life was poor. In conclusion, older patients with ADHF are frequently frail with severe and widespread impairments in physical function, cognition, mood, and quality of life that may contribute to their persistently poor outcomes, are frequently unrecognized, are not addressed in current ADHF care paradigms, and are potentially modifiable with targeted interventions.
Time of the Brave Mask, a Metaphor for Racial Identity/Invisibility in US Schools

Now to return to the American concept of race … In my youth, it became the vision of a glorious crusade where I and my fellows were to match our mettle against white folk and show them what black folk could do. But as I grew older the matter became more serious and less capable of jaunty settlement.
Postoperative Central Nervous System Dysfunction

This chapter reviews common forms and causes of central nervous system (CNS) morbidity in the elderly after routine surgery and anesthesia. These include, in order of descending prevalence, delirium, prolonged postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and perioperative stroke. Although these same conditions are also common during and after cardiac surgery, we will not deal with those situations here because the contributing factors are somewhat different and cognitive morbidity after cardiac surgery is a topic unto itself. We begin with a brief overview of how the brain changes during healthy and pathologic aging because aging of the CNS is a prominent factor in determining susceptibility to cognitive and neurologic morbidity after surgery and anesthesia.
CONFLICTS AND DILEMMAS

This chapter discusses the conflicts and dilemmas. The assumptions of anonymity and neutrality are quite powerful conditions when imposed on a social decision function. Many actual collective decision procedures violate these conditions. Procedural matters may be decided by a simple majority vote in the United Nations General Assembly, whereas matters of substance require a two-thirds majority. Collective choice, in this case, is not neutral. It is, however, anonymous but things change if one move from the General Assembly to the Security Council, for only five particular countries has the right of the veto. The free market allocation procedures, whether under capitalism or under market socialism are definitely non-neutral, and nonanonymous.
The Angiopoietins: Yin and Yang in Angiogenesis

Embryonic vascular development involves a complex series of events during which endothelial cells differentiate, proliferate, migrate, and undergo morphological organization in the context of their surrounding tissues (Risau 1991, 1995). Vascular development is generally classified into two successive phases. The first, known as vasculogenesis, refers to the process whereby newly differentiated endothelial cells spontaneously coassemble into tubules that fuse to form a rather homogeneous primary vasculature in the embryo. Subsequent remodeling of this primary vascular network into large and small vessels brings into play a different process, termed angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in the embryo also leads to the sprouting of vessels into certain initially avascular organs, such as the brain. In the adult, angiogenesis accounts for neovascularization that accompanies the normal remodeling of the female reproductive organs during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, in wound healing, and in various clinically significant pathological processes, such as tumor growth and diabetic retinopathy (Folkman 1995; Ferrara 1995; Hanahan and Folkman 1996).
Through the Eyes of the Patient (P04.259)

OBJECTIVE: To maximize the educational value of resident participation in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinic. BACKGROUND: The Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida is an ALS Association Certified Center of Excellence and it is a privilege for neurology residents to take part in the ALS clinic. In the past, residents worked alongside the attending physician in examining each of the patients. Currently, residents have the opportunity to accompany one patient during the course of the day to each of their multidisciplinary appointments. DESIGN/METHODS: During the ALS clinic, the neurology resident interviews and examines a selected patient and then remains with them throughout their encounters with a physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, respiratory therapist, nutritionist and social worker. At the end of the morning, the resident attends the multidisciplinary round table discussion where each of the cases are discussed, patient needs are identified, and care plans are established. RESULTS: This new design further enhances the value of the ALS clinic and fulfills each of the six core competencies inherent in residency education. The primary focus of the ALS clinic is on providing compassionate and efficient patient care. By playing an active role in the clinic, the resident is able to broaden their scope of medical knowledge beyond the discipline of neurology. Communication among allied health professionals is key in the delivery of effective and appropriate medical care. Feedback thus far on behalf of the residents and patients has been overwhelmingly positive. CONCLUSIONS: This format of resident participation in the ALS clinic is unique and allows the learner to “see through the eyes of the patient.” Other training programs should consider embracing this model. The neurology resident will not only gain exposure to the diverse needs of this patient population but will learn how to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to fulfill those needs. Disclosure: Dr. Mauricio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Capobianco has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dimberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boylan has received research support from Biogen Idec, Cytokinetics, Inc., and Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Harriott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hurst has nothing to disclose. Dr. Di Trapani has nothing to disclose.
La comprensión de la poesía de David Rosenmann-Taub: Un enfoque formalista/ hermenéutico

A theoretical approach to the poetry of David Rosenmann-Taubbegins with a formalist analysis that provides the reader with a basic understanding of the poem. It then incorporates Paul Ricoeur’shermeneutical strategies, such as the search for traces of unobservable phenomena that lie outside the text, the use of the imagination,exemplification through metaphorical representation and the reader’sintegration of the text with his or her lived experience, to extendand expand that understanding. This two-pronged approach is appliedto the study of one of Rosenmann-Taub’s poems, with the goalof accessing the profound personal and multidimensional meanings inscribed in his opus.
Tunneling of heat: Beyond linear response regime

Abstract We examine nanoscale processes of heat (energy) transfer as carried by electrons tunneling via potential barriers and molecular interconnects between two heat reservoirs (thermal baths). For that purpose, we use Landauer-type formulas to calculate thermal conductance and quadratic correction to heat flux flowing via quantum systems. As an input, we implement analytical expressions for transmission functions related to simple potential barriers and atomic bridges. Our results are discussed with respect to energy of tunneling electrons, temperature, the presence of resonant states, and specific parameters characterizing potential barriers as well as heat carriers. The simplicity of semi-analytical models developed by us allows to fit experimental data and extract crucial information about the values of model parameters. Further investigations are expected for more realistic transmission functions, while time-dependent aspects of nanoscale heat transfer may be addressed by using the concept of wave packets scattered on potential barriers and point-like defects within regular (periodic) nanostructures.
Cooling in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: practices and opinions on minimum standards in the state of California

Cooling in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: practices and opinions on minimum standards in the state of California
Perception, Prescription, and the Future of School Leadership

The dilemma is familiar to anyone engaged in the preparation of professionals. Should preparation programs focus on current or anticipated expectations? In many ways, the safer course involves concentrating on what practitioners currently are expected to do. Trying to anticipate future needs invariably entails untested assumptions, inferences, and the risk of error. Continuing to base preparation programs on current expectations when those expectations have been found inadequate, of course, is not without risk either. Those in educational administration often deal with the dilemma by hedging their bets and trying to prepare school leaders for today and tomorrow, a strategy that sounds far easier than it actually is.
A Practical Approach to Qualitative Interviews

Nigel King and Christine Horrocks (2010) provide a functional discussion of multiple topics related to interviewing in their book, Interviews in Qualitative Research. However, the authors present more than just a useful discussion of how to design, conduct, and analyze interviews. They simultaneously introduce the importance of philosophical approaches and ethics in relation to the topics discussed, making connections between these important notions and the qualitative research process they describe. Their practical approach to the topics presented makes their book a wonderful resource for novice researchers.
Multimode Fiber Gyroscopes

We have recently shown [1] that the basic reciprocity requirements [2,3] for sensitive fiber gyros can be met in single mode systems in which the usual polarized light source is replaced by an unpolarized source, and that certain other operational features also result which are of interest. In the present paper we extend the analysis of both polarized and unpolarized gyros to the case of gyros using multimode fibers, and show that there are interesting features in these cases also.
Quality of life and breast cancer survivors. Psychosocial and treatment issues.

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social support, extent of breast cancer surgery, length of time since surgery, geographic location, and overall quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors. Additionally, the motivational factors for survivors to volunteer in a community rehabilitation program were assessed. Description of study A convenience sample of 134 survivors who had undergone mastectomies were invited to participate. Study packets including an information letter, a demographic sheet, and Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life-Cancer Version questionnaire were mailed. The return of completed forms was considered consent. Results The sample (N = 100) consisted mostly of married women (75%) who had surgery a mean of 14 years previously. Findings indicated that there is no correlation between marital status and the number or type of support persons and overall QOL. Interestingly, unmarried women were found to have a better perceived QOL than married women, although the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between extent of surgery, length of time since surgery, and geographic location with overall QOL. Thematic analysis of motivation to volunteer revealed an underlying theme of helping with sharing knowledge/providing information and giving emotional support for all age groups. Other themes were personal gain; giving back to the program, others, and God; and assisting others in avoiding a negative experience. Clinical implications Quality of life is a dynamic, multifaceted process through which perceptions, viewpoints, and behaviors change as a result of the various experiences throughout the survival period. These findings demonstrate that social support plays a vital role in promoting overall QOL in breast cancer survivors. The development of supportive behaviors by healthcare providers and Reach for Recovery volunteers is essential in providing this social support for breast cancer survivors. Growth in understanding and relieving the psychological stress that new cancer survivors endure is an area that warrants particular attention. Additionally, these participants indicated their need and willingness to share their experiences. Support is needed to provide survivors with the opportunity to function as volunteers. Program developers and evaluators must work together to ensure this support on a consistent basis.
On complete problems for NP ∩ CoNP

It is not known whether complete languages exist for NP∩CoNP and Sipser has shown that there are relativizations so that NP∩CoNP has no ≤ m P -complete languages. In this paper we show that NP∩CoNP has ≤ m P -complete languages if and only if it has ≤ T P -complete languages. Furthermore, we show that if a complete language L0 exists for NP∩CoNP and NP∩CoNP≠NP then the reduction of L(Nt) e NP∩CoNP cannot be effectively computed from Nt. We extend the relativization results by exhibiting an oracle E such that PE≠NPE∩CoNPE≠NPE and for which there exist complete languages in the intersection. For this oracle the reduction to a complete language can be effectively computed from complementary pairs of machines (Nt, Nj) such that L(Nt)=\(\overline {L(N_1 )} \). On the other hand, there also exist oracles F such that PF≠NPF∩CoNPF≠NPF for which the intersection has complete languages, but the reductions to the complete language cannot be effectively computable from the complementary pairs of machines. In this case, the reductions can be computed from $$(N_t ,N_J , Proof that L(N_1 ) = \overline {L(N_1 )} ) .$$
Mossbauer and XPS Studies of Europium and Samarium Mixed Valent Systems

Among the various techniques employed in the study of the phenomenon of mixed valences, measurements of lattice dimension, conductivity, susceptibility, Mossbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), only the last two are of microscopic nature with resolution in time and space. All other methods measure a bulk and time average of the phenomenon. The Mossbauer technique is capable of detecting dynamic phenomena if the change rate is not too fast (< 1011 sec-1). It turns out that charge fluctuations in metallic systems are faster than 1011 sec-1 so that only an average valency is observed. On the other hand, the XPS technique measures the phenomenon within a time of ~ 10-17 sec, which turns out to be short compared to the inverse charge fluctuation rate. Thus the XPS spectra display the “instantanous” picture, two subspectra corresponding to the two different valences. Due to the spectroscopic nature of both the Mossbauer and XPS techniques, both can identify inequivalent sites in inhomogenous mixed valent systems. In the Mossbauer case, different sites have different hyperfine interactions (most convenient to study is the isomer shift, expressing the electronic charge density in the nucleus).
MicroRNA dysregulation in lung injury: the role of the miR-26a/EphA2 axis in regulation of endothelial permeability

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in many diseases, although the contribution of miRNAs to the pathophysiology of lung injury remains obscure. We hypothesized that...
A Group Analytic Approach to Understanding Mass Violence: The Holocaust, Group Hallucinosis and False Beliefs

A Group Analytic Approach to Understanding Mass Violence makes an analytic examination of the enactment of genocide by Nazi Germany during World War II to explore how mass and state-sponsored violence can arise within societies and how the false beliefs that are used to justify such actions are propagated within society. Bennett Roth makes use of Bion’s concept of ‘Hallucinosis’ to describe the formation of false group beliefs that lead to murderous violence. Drawing on both group analysis and psychoanalysis, Roth explores in relation to genocide: how people form and identify with groups the role of family groups how conflict can arise and be managed how violence can arise and be justified by false beliefs how we can best understand these dysfunctional group dynamics to avoid such violence. A Group Analytic Approach to Understanding Mass Violence will be of great interest to all psychoanalysts and group analysts seeking to understand the role of false beliefs in their patients and society more generally. It will also be of interest to students and scholars of Holocaust studies programs or anyone seeking to understand the perpetration of genocide in the past and present.
Individual- and school-level predictors of violence perpetration, victimization, and perceived safety in middle and high schools

Relationships among individual- and school-level factors and students’ perpetration of violence, victimization, and safety were studied in two southeastern school districts (N = 26,160, Grades 6–12...
Just so stories and inference to the best explanation in evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology is a science in the making, working toward the goal of showing how psychological adaptation underlies much human behavior. The knee-jerk reaction that sociobiology is unscientific because it tells “just-so stories” has become a common charge against evolutionary psychology as well. My main positive thesis is that inference to the best explanation is a proper method for evolutionary analyses, and it supplies a new perspective on the issues raised in Schlinger's (1996) just-so story critique. My main negative thesis is that, like many nonevolutionist critics, Schlinger's objections arise from misunderstandings of the evolutionary approach.
Give MPI Threading a Fair Chance: A Study of Multithreaded MPI Designs

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been one of the most prominent programming paradigms in high-performance computing (HPC) for the past decade. Lately, with changes in modern hardware leading to a drastic increase in the number of processor cores, developers of parallel applications are moving toward more integrated parallel programming paradigms, where MPI is used along with other, possibly node-level, programming paradigms, or MPI+X. MPI+threads emerged as one of the favorite choices in HPC community, according to a survey of the HPC community. However, threading support in MPI comes with many compromises to the overall performance delivered, and, therefore, its adoption is compromised.This paper studies in depth the MPI multi-threaded implementation design in one of the leading MPI implementations, Open MPI, and expose some of the shortcomings of the current design. We propose, implement, and evaluate a new design of the internal handling of communication progress which allows for a significant boost in multi-threading performance, increasing the viability of MPI in the MPI+X programming paradigm.
Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Chronically sustained systemic hypertension in dogs can damage the kidneys, eye, brain, heart, and vessels. In human medicine, systemic hypertension has been implicated as the most common risk factor for aorta dilation, which can progress to an aneurysm. Abdominal ultrasound has been commonly used to monitor the size of the abdominal aorta in people with systemic hypertension. In this retrospective cross-sectional abdominal ultrasound study, evaluation of the size of the abdominal aorta relative to the caudal vena cava was performed in 18 control dogs and 128 dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension. Preexisting conditions contributing to systemic hypertension in these dogs were renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal tumors, and previous administration of phenylpropanolamine or palladia. The abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava were assessed from longitudinal images cranial to the trifurcation with measurements made from outer border to outer border of the walls, being careful not to compress the caudal vena cava that would alter its size. Our hypothesis was the ratio of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to caudal vena cava would be higher in dogs with systemic hypertension compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. The mean abdominal aorta-caudal vena cava ratio was 1.028 in control dogs with a normal blood pressure and 1.515 in dogs with systemic hypertension. In dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension, the abdominal aorta was dilated compared to the caudal vena cava in the caudal abdomen. An increase in the abdominal aorta-caudal vena cava ratio in a dog should raise suspicion for the presence of systemic hypertension and prompt evaluation of blood pressure.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with Graves’ disease during pregnancy

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura may be seen with several autoimmune disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia purpura, immune hemolytic anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus, but it is rarely associated with Graves' disease. We report a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with Graves' disease.
Tournament Mobility in Mathematics Course-Taking Pathways:

This visualization represents the structure of mathematics course opportunities as seen in the progress through middle and high school for one cohort of students in Texas. Trajectories are consiste...