cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Panic-like" symptomatology in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients with postpsychotic depression: observations and implications.

Approximately one quarter of a series of 45 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients with operationally diagnosed episodes of postpsychotic depression were also found to have anxiety symptoms consistent with the panic-attack syndrome. The incidence of such attacks was distributed across all demographic groups. Heuristic and treatment implications of this observation are considered.
Depression in Phase II, III, and IV Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

ABSTRACT Depression has been implicated as an independent risk factor for the progression of coronary heart disease in patients surviving acute coronary syndromes such as heart attack. One line of such research has studied cardiac patients enrolled in Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation, in which the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used to quantify depression. While depression clearly has a negative impact on cardiac health in these patients, currently Phase III and Phase IV Cardiac Rehabilitation patients have been largely ignored in psychosocial research. To remedy this gap, the current study sought to examine whether depression was solely a problem in problem in Phase II CR patients, or whether it was also present in Phase III and Phase IV CR patients (N=32). Patients were categorized as Low or High in depression based on BDI scores using a standard cutoff score of 10. Patients in Phase II (n=12) were compared to patients in Phase III/IV (n=20). Comparisons of depression by CR Phase revealed there were ...
Secondary necrosis is a source of proteolytically modified forms of specific intracellular autoantigens: implications for systemic autoimmunity.

Objective Specific autoantigens targeted in systemic autoimmunity undergo posttranslational modifications, such as cleavage, during cell death that could potentially enhance their immunogenicity. In light of the increasing interest in the immunologic consequences of defective clearance of apoptotic cells, we sought to determine whether autoantigens cleaved during apoptosis undergo an additional wave of proteolysis as apoptosis progresses to secondary necrosis in the absence of phagocytosis. Methods Apoptosis was induced in Jurkat cells with etoposide, anti-Fas antibody, or staurosporine (STS), and in HeLa cells with STS. Progression to secondary necrosis was assessed morphologically and quantified by trypan blue uptake. Autoantigen proteolysis during cell death was examined by immunoblotting of cell lysates using highly specific human autoantibodies as detecting probes. Results Cells treated with the different apoptosis inducers underwent a rapid apoptosis that gradually progressed to secondary necrosis. During the initial apoptotic stages, several autoantigens, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, topoisomerase I (or Scl-70), SSB/La, and U1–70 kd, were cleaved into their signature apoptotic fragments. Progression of apoptosis to secondary necrosis was associated with additional proteolysis of these and other autoantigens in a caspase-independent manner. Some autoantigens (e.g., ribosomal RNP, Ku, and SSA/Ro) appeared to be resistant to proteolysis during cell death. Conclusion In the absence of phagocytosis, apoptotic cells may undergo secondary necrosis, a process associated with additional proteolytic degradation of specific autoantigens. Secondary necrosis may occur in vivo in autoimmune disorders associated with impaired clearance of apoptotic cells and serve as a source of modified forms of specific autoantigens that might stimulate autoantibody responses under proinflammatory conditions.
From Mother to Disability Professional: Role Change, Resilience, and Rewards.

This qualitative research study examined professional mothers' views about their employment in the. field of early intervention, their roles with other families, and the place such employment has in their lives. Fourteen mothers working in the field of early intervention after having children with disabilities were interviewed. We examined their experiences with, reactions to, and views of their employment situation and its relationship to adaptation and coping. Factors that influenced these views also were examined. Four themes were identified: (a) benefits of listening and sharing, (b) impact of personal experiences on career and credibility with clients, (c) impact of career on personal and professional growth, and (d) recognition of mothers' expertise by professionals. Implications for families and state and local early intervention service delivery systems are discussed.
Base pairing small RNAs and their roles in global regulatory networks

Bacteria use a range of RNA regulators collectively termed small RNAs (sRNAs) to help respond to changes in the environment. Many sRNAs regulate their target mRNAs through limited base-pairing interactions. Ongoing characterization of base-pairing sRNAs in bacteria has started to reveal how these sRNAs participate in global regulatory networks. These networks can be broken down into smaller regulatory circuits that have characteristic behaviors and functions. In this review, we describe the specific regulatory circuits that incorporate base-pairing sRNAs and the importance of each circuit in global regulation. Because most of these circuits were originally identified as network motifs in transcriptional networks, we also discuss why sRNAs may be used over protein transcription factors to help transduce environmental signals.
The development-specific protein (Ssp1) from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is encoded by a novel gene expressed exclusively in sclerotium tissues

The gene encoding a development-specific protein (Ssp1) was identified; it previously was described as the major protein present in mature sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To determine the developmental specificity of ssp1 gene expression in relation to protein accumulation we examined transcript and protein accumulation during various growth and development stages of the lifecycle. We found that ssp1 transcript accumulated exclusively within developing sclerotium tissue and not in any other examined stage of growth or development. In contrast high levels of Sspl protein were detectable by western blot and tandem mass spectrometry analyses in all stages of sclerotium as well as apothecium development. Immunolocalization further indicated that Ssp1 protein bodies were depleted from the sclerotium tissue surrounding the site of apothecium germination, but by this method Sspl was not detected in the apothecium. Together these findings suggest that Sspl is not metabolized during carpogenic germination, instead it is translocated from the sclerotium to the apothecium in an antigenically novel form. Outside the Sclerotiniaceae ssp1 homologs were found only from the sclerotium-forming Aspergillus species A. flavus and A. oryzae. Further studies concerning the regulation and function of this gene and its occurrence in other species have the potential to inform our understanding of sclerotium development and the evolution of sclerotia and other forms of fungal stroma.
Time-sequence histologic imaging of laser-treated cherry angiomas with in vivo confocal microscopy

Abstract Objective: To chronicle the pathophysiologic changes that occur subsequent to laser treatment of vascular lesions, we used a confocal scanning laser microscope that yields high-resolution microscopic images of skin in vivo. Methods: Cherry angiomas were treated with the 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (PDL) and the 568-nm continuous-wave krypton laser. Repeated confocal reflectance imaging was performed before and immediately after treatment, as well as after several hours, 1 day, 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. Results: Before treatment, confocal images revealed dilated blood vessels ranging from 10 to 50 μm in caliber, closely spaced at 5 to 50 μm apart. After PDL treatment, amorphous cords of refractile material conformed to the shape of the original vessels, followed by dark nonrefractile spaces where the vessels once were. Inflammation and necrosis ensued, with eventual replacement after 3 weeks by normal-appearing skin. After krypton laser treatment, dark nonrefractile spaces appeared immediately, with subsequent inflammation, necrosis, and eventual healing by 4 weeks. Conclusion: Confocal laser microscopic imaging elucidates the dynamic pathophysiologic events that occur after laser treatment of vascular lesions and has added insight into the different mechanisms of vessel damage induced by the PDL and krypton laser. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:37-41.)
On the Building of Bridges

This paper presents in the first person singular a description of some needs of human factors scientists and practitioners which have programmatic implications for individual and collective action by the membership of the Human Factors Society.
Interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Oral Streptococci Requires a Motif That Resembles the Eukaryotic Nuclear Receptor Box Protein-Protein Interaction Domain

Porphyromonas gingivalis initially colonizes the oral cavity by interacting with organisms in supragingival plaque, such as the oralis group of oral streptococci. This interaction involves the association of the streptococcal antigen I/II with the minor fimbrial antigen (Mfa1) of P. gingivalis. Our previous studies showed that a peptide (BAR) derived from antigen I/II inhibits P. gingivalis adherence and subsequent biofilm formation on streptococcal substrates. In addition, screening a combinatorial peptide library identified select amino acid substitutions in the NITVK active region of BAR that increased the adherence of P. gingivalis to streptococci. Here we report that incorporating these residues in a synthetic peptide results in more-potent inhibition of P. gingivalis adherence and biofilm formation (I(50) [50% inhibition] at 0.52 microM versus I(50) at 1.25 microM for BAR). In addition, a second structural motif in BAR, comprised of the amino acids KKVQDLLKK, was shown to contribute to P. gingivalis adherence to streptococci. Consistent with this, the KKVQDLLKK and NITVK motifs are conserved only in antigen I/II proteins expressed by the oralis group of streptococci, which interact with P. gingivalis. Interestingly, the primary and secondary structures and the functional characteristics of the amphipathic VQDLL core alpha-helix resemble the consensus nuclear receptor (NR) box protein-protein interacting domain sequence (LXXLL) of eukaryotes. BAR peptides containing amino acid substitutions with the potential to disrupt the secondary structure of VQDLL were less-effective inhibitors of P. gingivalis adherence and biofilm formation, suggesting that the alpha-helical character of VQDLL is important. Furthermore, replacing the lysines that flank VQDLL with acidic amino acids also reduced inhibitory activity, suggesting that the association of VQDLL with Mfa1 may be stabilized by a charge clamp. These results indicate that the Mfa1-interacting interface of streptococcal antigen I/II encompasses both the KKVQDLLKK and NITVK motif and suggest that the adherence of P. gingivalis to streptococci is driven by a protein-protein interaction domain that resembles the eukaryotic NR box. Thus, both motifs must be taken into account in designing potential peptidomimetics that target P. gingivalis adherence and biofilm formation.
Multipole interactions and macroscopic differences in ortho and para hydrogen

Abstract Differences in the low temperature viscosity and virial coefficients of ortho and para hydrogen are attributed to centrifugal stretching, exchange symmetry, and, to a lesser extent, molecular anisotorpy. Of the latter, quadrupole interactions are the most important.
Industry-sponsored student projects to promote power quality education

The authors present the results of two industry-sponsored senior design projects on power quality: effect of harmonic current distortion on power transformer capability, sponsored by the Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO); and power quality survey of a commercial system, sponsored by BCM engineers. The objective of the first project was to investigate the effect of harmonic current distortion on the capabilities of critical power transformers that service computing equipment in the corporate headquarters of PECO. The objective of the second project was to conduct a power quality survey of the BCM system to ascertain whether power line disturbances were the causes of outages and failures of essential BCM computing facilities. Each project had its own power line monitor. The success of these student projects has promoted interest in power engineering as a career for many of the group members and generated enrollment in the senior-level power program. >
Novelty in Academic Writing

Authorial newness or innovation has become a subject of growing interest in the sociology of science. We review some of this literature and elaborate constituents of a theory of authorial novelty. We also discuss some parameters that account for the changing assumptions of novelty across disciplinary communities. Finally, we show that many of the insights required in a parameterized theory of newness have not yet made their way into theories of rhetoric or written composition.
State-dependent block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient Na+ channels by flecainide.

The antiarrhythmic agent flecainide appears beneficial for painful congenital myotonia and LQT-3/ΔKPQ syndrome. Both diseases manifest small but persistent late Na+ currents in skeletal or cardiac myocytes. Flecainide may therefore block late Na+ currents for its efficacy. To investigate this possibility, we characterized state-dependent block of flecainide in wild-type and inactivation-deficient rNav1.4 muscle Na+ channels (L435W/L437C/A438W) expressed with β1 subunits in Hek293t cells. The flecainide-resting block at −140 mV was weak for wild-type Na+ channels, with an estimated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 365 μM when the cell was not stimulated for 1,000 s. At 100 μM flecainide, brief monitoring pulses of +30 mV applied at frequencies as low as 1 per 60 s, however, produced an ∼70% use-dependent block of peak Na+ currents. Recovery from this use-dependent block followed an exponential function, with a time constant over 225 s at −140 mV. Inactivated wild-type Na+ channels interacted with flecainide also slowly at −50 mV, with a time constant of 7.9 s. In contrast, flecainide blocked the open state of inactivation-deficient Na+ channels potently as revealed by its rapid time-dependent block of late Na+ currents. The IC50 for flecainide open-channel block at +30 mV was 0.61 μM, right within the therapeutic plasma concentration range; on-rate and off-rate constants were 14.9 μM−1s−1 and 12.2 s−1, respectively. Upon repolarization to −140 mV, flecainide block of inactivation-deficient Na+ channels recovered, with a time constant of 11.2 s, which was ∼20-fold faster than that of wild-type counterparts. We conclude that flecainide directly blocks persistent late Na+ currents with a high affinity. The fast-inactivation gate, probably via its S6 docking site, may further stabilize the flecainide-receptor complex in wild-type Na+ channels.
Resource allocation in a client/server hybrid network for virtual world environments

The creation of a virtual world environment (VWE) has significant costs, such as maintenance of server rooms, server administration, and customer service. The initial development cost is not the only factor that needs to be considered; factors such as the popularity of a VWE and unexpected technical problems during and after the launch can affect the final cost and success of a VWE. The capacity of servers in a client/server VWE is hard to scale and cannot adjust quickly to peaks in demand while maintaining the required response time. To handle these peaks in demand, we propose to employ users' computers as secondary servers. The introduction of users' computers as secondary servers allows the performance of the VWE to support an increase in users. In this study, we develop and implement five static heuristics to implement a secondary server scheme that reduces the time taken to compute the state of the VWE. The number of heterogeneous secondary servers, conversion of a player to a secondary server, and assignment of players to secondary servers are determined by the heuristics implemented in this study. A lower bound of the performance is derived to evaluate the results of the heuristics.
Effect of TMG Addition on the Epitaxial Growth of 3C-SiC on Si(100) and Si(111) Using Hexamethyldisilane

Epitaxial and crack-free 3C-SiC film was successfully grown on Si(100)/(111) by a one step process without separate nucleation or carbonization steps at a low temperature of 1200°C by MOVPE. The growth was achieved by using hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) with the addition of a small amount of trimethylgallium (TMG) (0.5 sccm) with dilute hydrogen (12% H2 + Ar) as a carrier gas. Without the addition of TMG during growth, epitaxial growth of SiC on Si was only possible at temperatures above 1300°C following a nucleation step at 1200∼1250°C. After growth, all the films were analyzed by using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Nomarski differential interference microscopy (NDIM). It was observed by XPS that the SiC film contained only a small amount of Ga, which means the Ga component of TMG does not much accumulate in SiC, in spite of a relatively high ratio of TMG/HMDS. To investigate the effect of TMG flow rate, various amounts of TMG (0.5 - 5sccm) were added during SiC deposition. Below 0.5 sccm of TMG flow rate, the SiC film showed epitaxial growth, observed by TEM and XRD. However, with an increasing flow rate of TMG above 1 sccm, the XRD peak of 3C-SiC becomes smaller and slightly shifted. At 5 sccm, the film was polycrystalline possibly implying that the SiC lattice is being strained gradually with TMG addition. It is also observed by AFM that, at the initial stages of growth, nucleation is much facilitated with the addition of TMG. The deposition rate with the addition of TMG at 1200°C is about 650 nm/hr, which is much faster than the rate without TMG addition (480 nm/hr). Thus, it is believed that TMG addition has a positive effect on the nucleation and HMDS decomposition during deposition. Also, with the addition of a small amount of Ar+10%HCl during growth, one-step deposition was possible helped by stress release due to void formation at the SiC/Si interface.
Effect of high-frequency hearing loss on compound action potentials recorded from the intracranial portion of the human eighth nerve

Abstract Compound action potentials (CAP) were recorded from the exposed intracranial portion of the eighth nerve to stimulation with click sounds in patients with sensorineural high-frequency hearing loss who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) operations to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In patients with normal hearing the CAP recorded in that way is characterized by a negative peak, preceded by a small positivity and followed by a positivity and sometimes a second negative peak. In patients with high-frequency hearing loss the CAP also usually had an initial sharp negative peak in response to clicks of high intensity (105 to 110 dB Pe SPL), similar to findings in patients with normal hearing, but in patients with high-frequency hearing loss the initial negative peak was often followed by a slow negative deflection. The latency of the initial negative peak in the CAP in patients with high-frequency hearing loss was longer than the latency of this peak in patients with normal hearing, but the difference in latencies of this peak to condensation and rarefaction clicks was small. When the stimulus intensity was lowered the amplitude of the initial peak decreased, and the CAP became dominated by a broad negative peak with a latency of 6 to 8 ms. In 11 of 15 patients with severe high-frequency hearing loss, a series of quasiperiodic waves was superimposed on the CAP. The frequency of these waves varied between 500 and 1200 Hz, and the waves could be detected between 6 and 16 ms after presentation of the click stimulus. These waves were usually present in the response to stimuli in the intensity range from 75 to 110 dB Pe SPL. Only 4 of 17 patients with normal hearing had similar waves.
Improved cathode design for long-pulse MILO operation

An improved cathode design for a magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) has resulted in extending the radiated microwave pulse duration from 200 ns to over 400 ns. This was accomplished by maximizing the emission uniformity in the launch-point region of the cathode which, in turn, minimized anode plasma formation. The extended RF pulse duration has allowed us to find evidence of a new pulse-shortening mechanism late in the beam pulse: anode plasma formation in the load region.
Chemical protection against gastrointestinal radiation injury in mice by WR 2822, WR 2823, OR WR 109342 after 4 MeV X ray or fission neutron irradiation

Abstract Three compounds were tested for their radioprotective properties against the effects of 4 MeV X rays or fission neutron irradiation. The endpoints tested were lethality, intestinal crypt survival, and DNA synthesizing cellularity. Two of the compounds tested; S-2(4-aminobutylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR 2822) and the aminopentylamino derivative (WR 2823) are closely related to WR 2721. The third agent was the iminothiol derivative of 1-methyl-aminoadamantine (WR 109342). All drugs were administered via intraperitoneal injections at their approximately maximum tolerated dose. WR 2822 was shown to have a slight protective effect against X rays and neutrons. The dose modification factor (DMF) for gastrointestinal death (LD50(6)) was 1.23 for X rays and 1.51 for neutrons. The assay for intestinal crypt survival produced DMF's of 1.44 (X rays) and 1.4 (neutrons). WR 2823 also showed a protective action in these assays. The DMF for (LD50(6)) was 1.32 (X rays) and 1.42 (neutrons). WR 109342 was found to be extremely toxic and had no significant protective effects. All three drugs were more toxic and demonstrated less protection in most of these assays than the benchmark radioprotective agent WR 2721, although WR 2822 protected against lethal effects of fission neutrons almost as well as WR 2721. Both WR 2822 and WR 2823 produced greater protection in the crypt survival assays for fission neutron irradiation than WR 2721.
Accuracy of post-radiotherapy biopsy before salvage radical prostatectomy

Objective To determine whether post-radiotherapy (RT) biopsy (PRB) adequately predicts the presence, location, and histological features of cancer in the salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) specimen. Before salvage treatment, a PRB is required to confirm the presence of locally recurrent or persistent cancer and to determine the extent and location of the prostate cancer. Patients and Methods SRP was performed between 1998 and 2011 on 198 patients. All patients underwent a PRB. PRB and SRP specimens were evaluated by a genitourinary pathologist. Patients had external-beam RT alone (EBRT; 71%) or brachytherapy with or without EBRT (29%). Results Of the men undergoing SRP, 26 (14%) were clinical stage ≥T3, with 13% of PRBs with Gleason score ≥8. Cancer was unilateral in 120 (61%) biopsies, with contralateral or bilateral prostate cancer at SRP in 49%. In the SRP specimen, cancer was multifocal in 57%. Cancer was upgraded at SRP in 58% of men, with 20% having an increase in primary Gleason grade. The accuracy of PRB varied by region from 62% to 76%, with undetected cancers ranging from 12% to 26% and most likely to occur at the mid-gland. Conclusions Radiation-recurrent prostate cancers were often multifocal, and biopsy missed up to 20% of tumours. More than half of the cancers were upgraded at SRP, and many that were unilateral on PRB were bilateral at SRP.
Mid-Infrared Laser Surgery

Present CO2 laser instruments for general surgery offer many advantages over conventional methods with scalpels and cauterizers yet there are still many limitations. A particularly critical one is the damage to tissue adjacent to that ablated by the laser energy. Laser energy applied to the tissue immediately produces thermal or mechanical damage to a volume surrounding the impact zone. Part of this is due to scattering, but other mechanisms also act on the tissue. Steam formation, thermal expansion, and acoustic shockwaves, with much of the energy in the ultrasonic region, have an effect termed physical amplification. In a living system, there is also a secondary and delayed amplification of the size of the exposure site. This delayed change, the reaction of the living system to the physical trauma, has been termed biological amplification. Some of the important factors of biological amplification are: cell death and histamine or toxin release, inflammation and edema, immune responses, hemorrhage, muto/carcinogenesis, and interference with respiration and cardiac function. For surgery to be successful, biological amplification must be avoided or, at least, minimized.
Trunk stabilization of multi-legged robots using on-line learning via a NARX neural network compensator

The objective of this work is to achieve disturbance rejection and constant orientation of the trunk of a multi-legged robot. This is significant when payloads (such as cameras, optical systems, armaments) are carried by the robot. In particular, this paper presents an application of an on-line learning method to actively correct the open-loop gait generated by a central pattern generator (CPG) or a limit-cycle method. The learning method employed is based on a Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network with Exogenous inputs (NARX-NN)- a recurrent neural network architecture typically utilized for modeling nonlinear difference systems. A supervised learning approach is used to train the NARX-NN. The input to the neural network includes states of the robot legs, trunk attitude and attitude rates, and foot contact forces. The neural network is used to estimate the total torque imparted on the robot. The learned effects of the internal forces and disturbances are then applied in an inverse dynamics/computed torque controller, which is utilized to achieve a stable trunk (i.e., a constant orientation of the trunk). The efficacy of the proposed approach is shown in detailed simulation studies of a quadruped robot.
Naltrexone induces arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y gene expression in the rat

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent effects on several components of energy metabolism, including increased feeding and decreased brown fat thermogenesis. Negative energy balance, such as food deprivation, increases NPY mRNA in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Naltrexone (NLTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, decreases NPY-induced feeding. We hypothesized that NLTX would alter ARC NPY mRNA and change NPY effects on brown fat. Osmotic minipumps prefilled with either saline or NLTX (70 micrograms/h) were implanted subcutaneously in 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One-half of the rats were food deprived and one-half were allowed food ad libitum for 48 h. Food intake was measured at 24 and 48 h. At 48 h, ARC NPY mRNA and brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA levels were determined using cDNA probes. Forty-eight-hour food intake was significantly decreased by 24% after NLTX infusion. Food deprivation and NLTX treatment significantly and independently increased ARC NPY mRNA and decreased UCP mRNA levels in brown fat, suggesting a complex interaction between hypothalamic NPY and endogenous opioids in the regulation of energy balance.
Fear: The Potential of an Appeal Neglected by Marketing:

Considerable social psychology and communications research show that intelligent use of fear messages can have favorable effects on attitude change and action. Yet the unique persuasive possibiliti...
Zectran and Aquatic Insects: Comparison with Other Insecticides

Three streams covered by an aerial application of Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate) at a rate of 0.15 lb per acre showed no reductions in numbers or diversity of insects in bottom collections when compared to prespray collections in the same streams and to other untreated streams. Numbers and diversity in drift collections were reduced, however, and the effect persisted through the summer. The overall effects appeared minor and temporary when compared to previous similar studies involving other insecticides. One of the streams treated with Zectran had also been covered with different insecticide applications in 3 years since it was first sampled in 1964. There was no evidence of cumulative effects of the 4 applications on numbers or diversity of insects.
Susceptibility of Cyclocephala immaculata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Eggs and Immatures to Heat and Drought in Turf Grass

Eggs of the southern masked chafer, Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier, are laid under turf grass in the upper 3 cm of soil, where they are vulnerable to heat and desiccation. The ability of eggs to survive periods of drought was found to depend upon egg age, stress duration, and temperature. At 25°C, the minimum soil moisture level at which eggs developed was between 10.3 and 12.3%. Eggs surviving a stress period early in development required several days longer to hatch. In field tests, no eggs survived in desiccated turf, where afternoon soil temperatures exceeded 40°C and soil moisture dropped to <8%. Egg survival ranged from 55 to 73% in irrigated turf. Caged gravid females failed to lay eggs, and implanted 1st-instar grubs did not survive in desiccated turf.
Parametric models of reflectance spectra for dyed fabrics

This study examines parametric modeling of NIR reflectivity spectra for dyed fabrics, which provides for both their inverse and direct modeling. The dye considered for prototype analysis is triarylamine dye. The fabrics considered are camouflage textiles characterized by color variations. The results of this study provide validation of the constructed parametric models, within reasonable error tolerances for practical applications, including NIR spectral characteristics in camouflage textiles, for purposes of simulating NIR spectra corresponding to various dye concentrations in host fabrics, and potentially to mixtures of dyes.
Temporal ordering and speech identification abilities.

The relationship between auditory temporal ordering ability and speech identification ability was investigated in 30 normal subjects. Two tones, differing in frequency, served as signals for the te...
Lentiviral gene transfer method to study integrin function in T lymphocytes

Integrins play critical roles in adhesion and migration of T cells during an immune response and inflammation. It is of great importance to understand the molecular pathways that regulate integrin function in T cells. Lentiviral vector-based gene transfer method has emerged in the past decade as an efficient means of transferring genes into both resting and activated hard-to-transfect cells, including T cells to knockdown gene expression. Therefore, this technology could be utilized effectively to study different aspects of integrin function or even to perform genome-wide RNAi screens to look globally for regulators of integrin function in T cells. In this chapter, we provide the simplest protocol to infect activated CD4(+) human T cells with high efficiency.
Family dynamics and aggressive behavior in Latino adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Despite high prevalence rates and evidence that acculturation is associated with adolescent behavioral and mental health in Latino youth, little research has focused on aggressive behavior for this population. The aim of the current study was to fill this research gap by examining the influence of several aspects of family functioning, including parent-adolescent conflict, parent worry, and parent marital adjustment, on aggression among Latino adolescents. METHOD: Data come from the Latino Acculturation and Health Project (LAHP), a longitudinal investigation of acculturation in Latino families in North Carolina and Arizona. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate a longitudinal rater effects model of adolescent aggression as reported by 258 Latino adolescents each paired with 1 parent for a total of 516 participants across 4 time points over a span of 18 months. RESULTS: Results indicated a general decline in aggression over the study window. In addition, parent-adolescent conflict and parent worry predicted higher adolescent aggression whereas parent marital adjustment predicted lower adolescent aggression. CONCLUSIONS: The salience of family risk factors for aggression among Latino adolescents is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Conclusion: Towards a Realization of the Paternalist, Collectivist Idea of the State

Historical interpretations of the 1833 Factory Act and its implications for the subsequent expansion of government are broadly divided into two schools of thought. One side emphasizes that this was a landmark piece of legislation which initiated a new era of government policy based on Benthamite principles. Whilst acknowledging that Sadler and the Ten Hours Movement were responsible for launching the protest which prompted the government to take the issue in hand, this group stresses that the bill finally agreed on was an entirely new measure based on entirely new principles. In line with contemporary criticism, the ten hours bill is regarded as a dishonest measure which aimed to restrict the hours of all textile workers, not just infants, whereas the 1833 Act is considered to have attempted, at least, to address the fundamental problem, namely the overworking of children. This school promotes the idea that there was a radical shift in policy following the 1832 Reform Act and suggests that Jeremy Bentham’s Constitutional Code, published between 1830 and 1832, is the key to understanding that phenomenon.1
Deception: Paralinguistic and Verbal Leakage

(1984). Deception: Paralinguistic and Verbal Leakage. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 464-490.
Symptoms of ADHD in University Students

A sample of 1,209 university students from 3 countries (Italy, New Zealand, and USA) completed a 24-item self-report measure for ADHD symptoms in a study at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
Gendered Autobiographical Memory: Feminist Approaches to Theory and Method

Sense of self and autobiographical memory are inextricably intertwined. In this chapter, we use a feminist lens to review the literature on autobiographical memory focusing on gender as conceptualized and assessed in three simultaneously embedded contexts, the local context, the developmental context, and the cultural context. A personal narrative that is produced within a specific social interaction is influenced by that local context, as well as the developmental history of the individual as embedded within a sociocultural context that frames the structure and interpretation of individual lives. Importantly, in discussing the local context, we underscore the research interaction itself as a context and provide a critical analysis of methods used to study autobiographical memory. After explicating the local, developmental, and cultural contexts, we present three data sets that illustrate how any given autobiographical narrative is simultaneously influenced by the local, developmental, and cultural context in which it is expressed. We end the chapter with a final note about how our approach provides a new way to understand both stability and change in autobiography and narrative identity over time.
Automating Perforator Flap MRA and CTA Reporting

Surgical breast reconstruction after mastectomy requires precise perforator coordinates/dimensions, perforator course, and fat volume in a radiology report. Automatic perforator reporting software was implemented as an OsiriX Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer plugin. For perforator analysis, the user identifies a reference point (e.g., umbilicus) and marks each perforating artery/vein bundle with multiple region of interest (ROI) points along its course beginning at the muscle–fat interface. Computations using these points and analysis of image data produce content for the report. Post-processing times were compared against conventional/manual methods using de-identified images of 26 patients with surgically confirmed accuracy of perforator locations and caliber. The time from loading source images to completion of report was measured. Significance of differences in mean processing times for this automated approach versus the conventional/manual approach was assessed using a paired t test. The mean conventional reporting time for our radiologists was 76 ± 27 min (median 65 min) compared with 25 ± 6 min (median 25 min) using our OsiriX plugin (p < 0.01). The conventional approach had three reports with transcription errors compared to none with the OsiriX plugin. Otherwise, the reports were similar. In conclusion, automated reporting of perforator magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies is faster compared with the standard, manual approach, and transcription errors which are eliminated.
Advanced research and data methods in women's health: Big data analytics, adaptive studies, and the road ahead

Technical advances in science have had broad implications in reproductive and women's health care. Recent innovations in population-level data collection and storage have made available an unprecedented amount of data for analysis while computational technology has evolved to permit processing of data previously thought too dense to study. "Big data" is a term used to describe data that are a combination of dramatically greater volume, complexity, and scale. The number of variables in typical big data research can readily be in the thousands, challenging the limits of traditional research methodologies. Regardless of what it is called, advanced data methods, predictive analytics, or big data, this unprecedented revolution in scientific exploration has the potential to dramatically assist research in obstetrics and gynecology broadly across subject matter. Before implementation of big data research methodologies, however, potential researchers and reviewers should be aware of strengths, strategies, study design methods, and potential pitfalls. Examination of big data research examples contained in this article provides insight into the potential and the limitations of this data science revolution and practical pathways for its useful implementation.
A pilot study on the correlation between fat fraction values and glucose uptake values in supraclavicular fat by simultaneous PET/MRI.

PURPOSE To assess the spatial correlation between MRI and 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) maps of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) and to measure differences in fat fraction (FF) between glucose avid and non-avid regions of the supraclavicular fat depot using a hybrid FDG-PET/MR scanner. METHODS In 16 healthy volunteers, mean age of 30 and body mass index of 26, FF, R2*, and FDG uptake maps were acquired simultaneously using a hybrid PET/MR system while employing an individualized cooling protocol to maximally stimulate BAT. RESULTS Fourteen of the 16 volunteers reported BAT-positive FDG-PET scans. MR FF maps of BAT correlate well with combined FDG-PET/MR maps of BAT only in subjects with intense glucose uptake. The results indicate that the extent of the spatial correlation positively correlates with maximum FDG uptake in the supraclavicular fat depot. No consistent, significant differences were found in FF or R2* between FDG avid and non-avid supraclavicular fat regions. In a few FDG-positive subjects, a small but significant linear decrease in BAT FF was observed during BAT stimulation. CONCLUSION MR FF, when used in conjunction with FDG uptake maps, can be seen as a valuable, radiation-free alternative to CT and can be used to measure tissue hydration and lipid consumption in some subjects. Magn Reson Med 78:1922-1932, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Made in America: Historical and Contemporary Recordings of Middle Eastern Music in the United States

Although Americans of Middle Eastern origin—be they of Arab, Turkish, Armenian, Sephardic Jewish, Assyrian, Greek, or Central Asian heritage—comprise one of the fastest growing groups in the United States, their music may seem invisible to the American musical connoisseur. Many of the recordings of Middle Eastern American musicians are produced and distributed within community networks. Walk into an Armenian grocer in Watertown, Massachusetts or into a Lebanese audio-video store in Dearborn, Michigan, and you will find hundreds of hours of music by Middle Eastern Americans for your listening pleasure. Walk into your public library and you may not find a thing. Middle Eastern music made in America is simply not widely available on the major or alternative recording labels to which we habitually turn for our fare of world music.
Italo Calvino: A Reasonable Utopia

This chapter explores the theme of utopia in the narrative production of Italo Calvino. Starting from his first novel, Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno, utopia in Calvino appears inextricably connected both with his leftist political views and with rationalism. The analysis shows that this political utopia informs not only Calvino’s realistic texts, but also his fable-like tales such as Il visconte dimezzato and Il barone rampante. The theme of utopia becomes predominant in Calvino with Le citta invisibili, a composite book that is a reflection on More’s Utopia; but, instead of describing the ideal city, Calvino decides to show 54 dystopian ones, maintaining the strength of a utopian impulse that is not forced into a fixed model.
Sensorimotor integration on a rapid time scale

Sensing is fundamental to the control of movement: From grasping objects to speech production, sensing guides action. So far, most of our knowledge about sensorimotor integration comes from visually guided reaching and oculomotor integration, in which the time course and trajectories of movements can be measured at a high temporal resolution. By contrast, production of vocalizations by humans and animals involves complex and variable actions, and each syllable often lasts a few hundreds of milliseconds, making it difficult to infer underlying neural processes. Here, we measured and modeled the transfer of sensory information into motor commands for vocal amplitude control in response to background noise, also known as the Lombard effect. We exploited the brief vocalizations of echolocating bats to trace the time course of the Lombard effect on a millisecond time scale. Empirical studies revealed that the Lombard effect features a response latency of a mere 30 ms and provided the foundation for the quantitative audiomotor model of the Lombard effect. We show that the Lombard effect operates by continuously integrating the sound pressure level of background noise through temporal summation to guide the extremely rapid vocal-motor adjustments. These findings can now be extended to models and measures of audiomotor integration in other animals, including humans.
Secure regenerating codes for hybrid cloud storage systems

We study the scenario of hybrid cloud storage where the client utilizes both an off-site and a local storage. The former is a distributed storage system (DSS) with the presence of an eavesdropper that has access to the content stored in and downloaded to some subset of nodes. The latter (local) storage is utilized to store a secret key to secure the stored file against the eavesdropper. We introduce two possibilities to utilize local storage (secret key) in enhancing the DSS. First, the key can be used to increase the maximum file size stored in the DSS. We propose an upper bound for this scenario and show constructions achieving it. Second, the key can be used to decrease the number of contacted nodes required to reconstruct the file at the client. We extend the product matrix (PM) framework and construct codes that enables efficient data access. Our analysis includes both minimum repair bandwidth regenerating (MBR) and minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes.
The roles of intrinsic disorder-based liquid-liquid phase transitions in the “Dr. Jekyll–Mr. Hyde” behavior of proteins involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Pathological developments leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are associated with misbehavior of several key proteins, such as SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), TARDBP/TDP-43, FUS, C9orf72, and dipeptide repeat proteins generated as a result of the translation of the intronic hexanucleotide expansions in the C9orf72 gene, PFN1 (profilin 1), GLE1 (GLE1, RNA export mediator), PURA (purine rich element binding protein A), FLCN (folliculin), RBM45 (RNA binding motif protein 45), SS18L1/CREST, HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), HNRNPA2B1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1), ATXN2 (ataxin 2), MAPT (microtubule associated protein tau), and TIA1 (TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein). Although these proteins are structurally and functionally different and have rather different pathological functions, they all possess some levels of intrinsic disorder and are either directly engaged in or are at least related to the physiological liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) leading to the formation of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs), both normal and pathological. This review describes the normal and pathological functions of these ALS- and FTLD-related proteins, describes their major structural properties, glances at their intrinsic disorder status, and analyzes the involvement of these proteins in the formation of normal and pathological PMLOs, with the ultimate goal of better understanding the roles of LLPTs and intrinsic disorder in the "Dr. Jekyll-Mr. Hyde" behavior of those proteins.
On-line Identification of a Torque Converter Model

Abstract Most passenger cars on the road today employ planetary automatic transmissions, which use torque converters for vibration isolation and torque amplification at vehicle launch. Torque converter models have been used primarily for analysis and design, but have seen some use for on-line estimation and control. Since model parameters vary with operating conditions such as temperature as well as the condition of the transmission fluid, there is a need for on-line identification of these parameters for validity of the model across a wide range of operating conditions. In the current study, a novel method to update torque converter model parameters on-line is presented. Importantly, exponential convergence of the model parameter estimates to their respective true values is demonstrated. The proposed method is numerically validated for a vehicle under realistic driving conditions. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is capable of on-line torque converter model identification under slowly varying operating conditions.
Data mining approaches to identify predictors of frequent malpractice claims against dentists

We separated all malpractice records for US dentists into two groups according to the total number of malpractice records (0: less than 5 records, 1: more than 4 records), extracted the first malpractice record of all dental practitioners' and used malpractice allegation group, payment and years between graduation and year of the first record in logistic regression to identify crucial factors for predicting dentists who made more than four malpractice records. Bivariate statistics, cross-correlation and principal component analysis were used to identify predictive features. Resulting model allowed prediction of dentists with frequent malpractice records based on the following characteristics of the first malpractice record: allegation type, payment amount and number of years from graduation to the first malpractice claim. Time between provider graduation year and the first malpractice record as well higher malpractice payment for the first claim were negatively correlated with the total number of malpractice records in individual providers.