cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peripherally Administered Cations Do Not Modify Febrile Responses Induced in Chickens by Escherichia coli

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of intramuscular injections of Escherichia coli strains B and W on rectal temperature in broiler chicks and to investigate the effects of various cations on the temperature response. In Experiment 1, 4 birds were randomly assigned to each of three treatments. Control birds received a dextrose (50 mg/100 ml) solution and treated birds received a suspension of either E. coli B or E. coli W lyophilized cells (100 mg/kg) in a volume of 2 ml/kg. Rectal temperatures were recorded before injection and thereafter every 4 hr for a period of 24 hr. In Experiment 2, 10 birds were assigned randomly to each of two treatments. Birds received intramuscularly 2 ml/kg body weight injections of either dextrose (50 mg/100 ml) solution or a suspension of E. coli B lyophilized cells (100 mg/kg) in a volume of 2 ml/kg. At 16 hr after injection, rectal temperatures were recorded and birds were divided into the following treatments with 5 birds per group. Birds previously receiving dextrose (50 mg/100 ml) were given intramuscular injections (2 ml/kg body weight) of demineralized distilled water or a 2 ml/kg injection of .5 M solution of either Na+, K+, Ca+2, or Mg+2 made from their chloride salts. Birds previously receiving E. coli B were given intramuscular injections (2 ml/kg body weight) of demineralized distilled water or an injection of a .5 M solution of either Na+, K+, Ca+2, or Mg+2. Five birds served as uninjected controls. Rectal temperatures were taken every 30 min for 90 min thereafter. In Experiment 1, intramuscular injections of E. coli B and E. coli W resulted in an initial fall in rectal temperatures of chickens followed by a rise after 4 hr that peaked at 16 hr postinjection and at 24 hr remained significantly above preinjection values. The injection of the cations Na+, K+ Ca+2, or Mg+2 in Experiment 2 did not significantly affect the febrile response produced by E. coli B.
Probabilistic Uncertainty Analysis Applied to Fuel Rod Design

In this Paper we apply probabilistic uncertainty analysis to assess the long-term behaviour of fuel rods in a reactor core for normal operating conditions.
Biosecurity Programs and Assets

Chapter 12 explores the programs and assets that have been assembled internationally, nationally, and regionally to safeguard populations from the threat of biological agents. The programs and assets can be viewed with the framework of comprehensive emergency management, which is made up of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Nations have come together and taken a stance individually to mitigate the threat. For the most part, these programs produce policy and procedures that support the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972. Responding to a biological disaster will be frustrating, confusing, and dangerous for first responders, first receivers, and public health officials. Developed countries are far better trained and equipped to deal with the release of a formulated biological agent than they were 15 years ago. Specific examples of programs and assets that match up with mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery are discussed herein.
Abstract 5162: Id1 is an oncogenic target of RNA binding protein HuR in gastric cancer

Hu antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein (RBP), has been shown to be overexpressed in gastric cancer. Cytoplasmic HuR is reported to be associated with high stage, distant metastases and unresectability. HuR efficiently regulates cancer-related gene expression by binding to AU- and U-rich sequences (ARE) in the 3’ and 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. Id1 (Inhibitor of DNA binding) is a putative oncogene that we previously found was upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Id1 mRNA contains several putative HuR ARE sites. Our goal is to determine the impact of HuR on Id1 expression. We first confirmed Id1 is a HuR target by Ribonucleoprotein Immunoprecipitation (RNP-IP) in gastric cancer cells. Then, we found KH-3, a potent and specific inhibitor of HuR, inhibited Id1 mRNA and protein expression. The proliferative and invasive capabilities of the gastric cancer cells were also inhibited by KH-3. We conclude that Id1 is a target of RNA-binding protein HuR in gastric cancer. HuR specific inhibitor, KH-3, may be a promising therapeutic agent in treating HuR/Id1 high gastric cancers. Citation Format: Shuang Han, Xiaoqing Wu, Yuxiao Guo, Jing Zhang, Xuan Gu, Rebecca T. Marquez, Jeffrey Aube, Liang Xu. Id1 is an oncogenic target of RNA binding protein HuR in gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5162.
THE ULTIMOBRANCHIAL BODY IN RANA PIPIENS. I. THE FINE STRUCTURE.

1. Electron micrographs of the ultimobranchial body in sexually mature Rana pipiens were prepared to describe the cytology of the parenchymal cells. 2. Cytoplasmic granules, enclosed within a limiting membrane, are approximately 1000 A in diameter and are found at the apical and basal poles of the nucleus as aggregations and also in the basal cytoplasm in contact with the basal plasma membrane. 3. Lamellar bodies (myelin figures) of various complexities are found in all cells but are more prevalent in degenerating cells. Those structures found in the central lumen are a part of the cellular debris. 4. Lysosomes with densities similar to those of cytoplasmic granules suggest that some granules are not utilized. 5. Ergastoplasm within the parenchyma is scarce. The cytoplasm contains smooth membrane vesicles and free ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles. 6. The ultimobranchial body is considered to have a low rate of protein synthesis. The degree of endocrine activity, if any, could not be determined at this time.
Invited Article: Acousto-optic finite-difference frequency-domain algorithm for first-principles simulations of on-chip acousto-optic devices

We introduce a finite-difference frequency-domain algorithm for coupled acousto-optic simulations. First-principles acousto-optic simulation in time domain has been challenging due to the fact that the acoustic and optical frequencies differ by many orders of magnitude. We bypass this difficulty by formulating the interactions between the optical and acoustic waves rigorously as a system of coupled nonlinear equations in frequency domain. This approach is particularly suited for on-chip devices that are based on a variety of acousto-optic interactions such as the stimulated Brillouin scattering. We validate our algorithm by simulating a stimulated Brillouin scattering process in a suspended waveguide structure and find excellent agreement with coupled-mode theory. We further provide an example of a simulation for a compact on-chip resonator device that greatly enhances the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Our algorithm should facilitate the design of nanophotonic on-chip devices for the harnessi...
Abstract 308: Quercetin Intake During Exercise Reduces MCP1, Body Weight and Atherosclerotic Plaque in Mice

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the major causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and a chronic disease of the large arteries; the disease is mostly attributed to inflammation and oxidative stress. Chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting directed migration of inflammatory cells. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1) has been detected in atherosclerotic lesions by anti-MCP-1 antibody detection. MCP-1 is critical for the initiation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Animal studies using a variety of antioxidants suggest that antioxidants may protect against CVD. Paradoxically, exercise which induces a severe oxidative stress resulting in the depletion of plasma and tissue antioxidants is an important deterrent of CVD. Aims and Objectives: In the current study we proposed that quercetin a flavonoid will have profound effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis if combined with exercise, we hypothesized its action to be attributed to the inhibition of lipids oxidation, promoting clearance and improving the acute exercise induced oxidative stress resulting in lowering cholesterol, artery lipids deposition and decreasing the development of the plaque. Study Design: This study tested the possible beneficial effects of the combined exercise and quercetin on modulators of oxidation and inflammation in C57BL6 LDL -/- mice fed atherogenic diet. 40 mice were divided into four groups (10 each). These groups are as follows: Control mice, left untreated; control quercetin group, orally supplied with 100 μg/day of quercetin without exercising; exercise group without quercetin, and exercise group with quercetin supplements. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 15m/m/ 5 days/week for 30 days. All animals were on atherogenic diet containing 1.5% cholesterol with total 42% Fat Kcal Diet. At the end of the month of treatment, mice were sacrificed, and atherosclerotic lesions in aorta were quantified. Liver, aorta and adipose tissue gene expressions for genes associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and lipoproteins were analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Mice on quercetin and exercise have significant (P
Asian Parents’ Perception of Child Weight Status: A Systematic Review

Parental perception of a child’s weight is important in determining parenting and feeding styles, which relate to childhood obesity. Evidence suggests this perception can vary by ethnicity. The purpose of this review was to explore Asian parents’ child weight perception and examine factors related to Asian parents’ child weight misperception. A systematic literature review was conducted on eight studies between 2000 and 2016 through the databases of CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed. Searching key words were Asians, Asian-Americans, weight perception, and parents. The review revealed that all eight studies identified child weight misperception, but with highly varying results (ranging from 29.7 to 89.2%). Factors that influenced the accuracy of a parent’s child weight perception included maternal BMI, parental gender and age, child’s BMI, child’s own weight perception, child’s gender and age, and child’s birth order and birth weight. Misperception about their children’s weight is prevalent among Asian parents. Anthropometric measurement of a child, rather than a parent’s reporting of a child’s weight, should be used to educate Asian parents regarding childhood obesity. Health care professionals should be aware of misperceptions when developing and providing a culturally appropriate intervention to address overweight/obesity among Asian children, which might include improving weight perception.
Beyond Eyes and Ears: The Need for Movement Analysis of Speech and Nonspeech Behaviors in Children With Cerebral Palsy

A large proportion of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) have speech and chewing disorders. Speech and feeding disorders and overall oromotor dysfunction are commonly reported in children ...
Obesity and contraceptive use among women 20–44 years of age in the United States: results from the 2011–15 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)

Abstract Objective Obesity has increased dramatically in the United States in recent decades. Our objective was to explore associations of contraceptive choices of US women, aged 20–44 years, with body mass index (BMI) and relevant covariates. Study design Data are based on interviews with a national sample of 11,300 women in the 2011–2015 National Survey of Family Growth. We analyzed women ages 20–44 at risk of unintended pregnancy. The primary dependent variable was BMI category. Covariates analyzed included age, parity, race/ethnicity, marital status, self-reported health and education. Data were analyzed via cross-tabulation and logistic regression. We determined unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for three categories of contraceptive method: female sterilization, intrauterine device (IUD) and hormonal contraception. Results Obese women have higher odds of female sterilization (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–2.66; BMI 35.0 kg/m2 and higher: aOR=1.56, 95% CI 1.13–2.14) compared to women with normal BMI. Odds of IUD use are significantly higher among women with BMI >35 kg/m2 (aOR=1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.25). Odds of hormonal contraceptive use are correspondingly reduced (aOR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98) for women in the highest BMI category. Conclusions Contraceptive use varies by BMI category even after adjusting for usual correlates of use. Differences in contraceptive use by BMI category have implications for contraceptive counseling and provision. Implications Findings that obese women are more likely to rely on female sterilization raise questions about how weight concerns and obesity affect contraceptive decision making. Future research could explore associations between obesity and contraceptive use in adolescent women.
Nogo receptor 1 is expressed by nearly all retinal ganglion cells

A variety of conditions ranging from glaucoma to blunt force trauma lead to optic nerve atrophy. Identifying signaling pathways for stimulating axon growth in the optic nerve may lead to treatments for these pathologies. Inhibiting signaling by the nogo-66 receptor 1 (NgR1) promotes the re-extension of axons following a crush injury to the optic nerve, and while NgR1 mRNA and protein expression are observed in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and inner nuclear layer, which retinal cell types express NgR1 remains unknown. Here we determine the expression pattern of NgR1 in the mouse retina by co-labeling neurons with characterized markers of specific retinal neurons together with antibodies specific for NgR1 or Green Fluorescent Protein expressed under control of the ngr1 promoter. We demonstrate that more than 99% of RGCs express NgR1. Thus, inhibiting NgR1 function may ubiquitously promote the regeneration of axons by RGCs. These results provide additional support for the therapeutic potential of NgR1 signaling in reversing optic nerve atrophy.
Automotive multi-mode cascaded radar data processing embedded system

Radars play a major role in providing sensing capabilities for active safety automotive applications. Multi-transmitter and multi-receiver radar systems are becoming popular in order to detect and classify objects in complex urban driving scenarios. This work describes hardware and software modules designed for a multi-mode cascaded radar data processing system. We derive system configuration and data processing requirements based on current state of the art and future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar processing requirements. The proposed system is expected to meet these requirements with ≤75% AWR12x and < 60% TDA2x utilization.
Biomechanics of the Ankle

The biomechanics of the ankle joint cannot be considered as an isolated entity but, as stated by the late V. T. Inman, should be thought of as the “Joints of the Ankle”. The ankle joint undergoes dorsiflexion and plantar flexion during gait and transmits rotation in the horizontal plane. The transverse rotation which crosses the ankle joint is translated by the subtalar joint into inversion and eversion. This coordinated function of the ankle joint and subtalar joint has been likened to a universal joint. The motion of the subtalar joint in turn controls the transverse tarsal joint (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint), which functions as a locking and unlocking mechanism of the midfoot. The interdependency of these joints on one another is why this complex is considered the “Joints of the Ankle.”
The Impact of Technology on Work Organization and Work Outcomes

It is a virtual cliche that American society is in the midst of an unprecedented technological transformation in all aspects of social and economic life. Nowhere is technological restructuring of society more apparent than in business and industry. One might expect that knowledge on the effects of technological change would be highly developed. Yet opinions differ radically on whether technological change has positive or negative effects on workers, managers, business, or society at large.
Tarski on Definition, Meaning and Truth

The conception of truth was a central concern of Polish philosophy. Though there was some disagreement about it,1 what was known as the “classical Aristotelian” conception was the dominant view. Tarski’s presentation of his conception of the conditions under which this conception could rigorously be expressed—his Convention T—and his development of a method for expressing truth so conceived in a range of cases was the culmination this venerable tradition. Tarski’s achievement is not without its detractors today; in particular Putnam’s remark that “as a philosophical account of truth, Tarski’s theory fails as badly as it is possible for an account to fail” (Putnam 1994, 333) is probably one of the more familiar evaluations of Tarski’s contribution on record. Here, I will set out Tarski’s conception of truth in its relation to Polish philosophy and other developments of the time; I will then respond to Putnam’s criticism in the hope of vindicating Tarski and the tradition to which he belonged.
Issues in Reproducible Simulation Research.

In recent years, serious concerns have arisen about reproducibility in science. Estimates of the cost of irreproducible preclinical studies range from 28 billion USD per year in the USA alone (Freedman et al. in PLoS Biol 13(6):e1002165, 2015) to over 200 billion USD per year worldwide (Chalmers and Glasziou in Lancet 374:86–89, 2009). The situation in the social sciences is not very different: Reproducibility in psychological research, for example, has been estimated to be below 50% as well (Open Science Collaboration in Science 349:6251, 2015). Less well studied is the issue of reproducibility of simulation research. A few replication studies of agent-based models, however, suggest the problem for computational modeling may be more severe than for laboratory experiments (Willensky and Rand in JASSS 10(4):2, 2007; Donkin et al. in Environ Model Softw 92:142–151, 2017; Bajracharya and Duboz in: Proceedings of the symposium on theory of modeling and simulation—DEVS integrative M&S symposium, pp 6–11, 2013). In this perspective, we discuss problems of reproducibility in agent-based simulations of life and social science problems, drawing on best practices research in computer science and in wet-lab experiment design and execution to suggest some ways to improve simulation research practice.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A New Strategy for Loco-Regional Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma While Awaiting Liver Transplantation

Trans-arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation are commonly used for control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on liver transplant (LTx) waiting list. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was introduced to our institution for HCC as a bridging or downsizing therapy to LTx. Twenty-five HCC lesions in 22 patients were treated with SBRT while waiting for LTx from January 2010 to December 2015. Nineteen of these patients received deceased donor LTx. SBRT was defined as 40–50 Gy delivered in 4–6 fractions. Pre- and post-liver transplant outcome were analyzed in addition to the dropout rate and tumor response to SBRT. Median size of original tumors was 3.2 cm (2.0–8.9), and median size of tumor after SBRT was significantly smaller at 0.9 cm (0–3.2) in the explanted livers (p < 0.01). The dropout rate was 9%, and they were only downsized patients outside of Milan criteria. Liver disease did not progress between pre- and post-SBRT except one patient. Twenty-eight percent of treated HCCs showed complete pathologic response, and 22% had extensive partial response with some residual tumor. No HCC recurrence was experienced after LTx. SBRT is indicated to be safe, effective treatment for HCC on LTx waiting list, and it leads to satisfactory post-liver transplant outcomes.
Improved Training Paradigms and Motor-decode Algorithms: Results from Intact Individuals and a Recent Transradial Amputee with Prior Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Working towards improved neuromyoelectric control of dexterous prosthetic hands, we explored how differences in training paradigms affect the subsequent online performance of two different motor-decode algorithms. Participants included two intact subjects and one participant who had undergone a recent transradial amputation after complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and multi-year disuse of the affected hand. During algorithm training sessions, participants actively mimicked hand movements appearing on a computer monitor. We varied both the duration of the hold-time (0.1 s or 5 s) at the end-point of each of six different digit and wrist movements, and the order in which the training movements were presented (random or sequential). We quantified the impact of these variations on two different motordecode algorithms, both having proportional, six-degree-offreedom (DOF) control: a modified Kalman filter (MKF) previously reported by this group, and a new approach - a convolutional neural network (CNN). Results showed that increasing the hold-time in the training set improved run-time performance. By contrast, presenting training movements in either random or sequential order had a variable and relatively modest effect on performance. The relative performance of the two decode algorithms varied according to the performance metric. This work represents the first-ever amputee use of a CNN for real-time, proportional six-DOF control of a prosthetic hand. Also novel was the testing of implanted high-channelcount devices for neuromyoelectric control shortly after amputation, following CRPS and long-term hand disuse. This work identifies key factors in the training of decode algorithms that improve their subsequent run-time performance.
Differential effects of pay-it-forward and direct-reciprocity on prosocial behavior

Abstract This research conceptualizes the distinction between pay-it-forward and direct-reciprocity tendency from a construal level perspective, and examines such differences in three studies. Study 1 develops Pay-It-Forward Tendency scale and validates it in both the U.S. and India. Study 2 uses the scale to gather data from software engineers in both the U.S. and India, showing that Indian software professionals have a lower pay-it-forward (vs. direct-reciprocity) tendency, which in turn leads to more pay-it-forward behavior, whereas American software professionals have similar levels of pay-it-forward and direct-reciprocity tendency. Consistent with the construal level account, Study 3 shows that individuals high (vs. low) in direct-reciprocity have lower preferences for charitable causes with delayed (vs. immediate) impact, whereas those high and low in pay-it-forward show equal preferences for these causes. Similarly, donation intention-behavior consistency is positively related to pay-it-forward, but negatively associated with direct-reciprocity. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
A Portrait of the Physician as a Young Man.

His days were full of reading charts, writing notes, and submitting billing codes. He dimly recalled his past life.
Precision Oncology for Hepatocellular Cancer: Slivering the Liver by FGF19–FGFR4–KLB Pathway Inhibition

This issue reports two studies, one by Hatlen and colleagues and the other by Kim and colleagues, that detail the drug-development journey of the FGFR19-FGFR4 inhibitor fisogatinib (BLU-554), from identification of the drug to preclinical validation studies to finally the results of the proof-of-concept first-in-human phase I trial of this potent and selective, type I irreversible inhibitor of FGFR4. Moreover, Hatlen and colleagues also report a resistance mechanism acquired after therapy that targets selective FGF4 inhibition, which validates FGF as a specific target in hepatocellular cancer.See related article by Hatlen et al., p. 1686.See related article by Kim et al., p. 1696.
Cross-border Communication and the Enregisterment of Collective Frameworks for Care.

Communication plays an important role in the non-copresent care that is increasingly prevalent today. Drawing on long-term research with transnational Salvadoran families, I explore how one multige...
Design of Lotteries and Wait-Lists for Affordable Housing Allocation

We study a setting in which dynamically arriving items are assigned to waiting agents, who have heterogeneous values for distinct items and heterogeneous outside options. An ideal match would both ...
Batch Bayesian optimization design for optimizing a neurostimulator

Recently, spinal epidural neurostimulation is being considered for rehabilitation of persons suffering from partial spinal-cord injury. The neurostimulator must be programmed by a neurosurgeon, yet little work has been done to develop rigorous methods for optimally programming the device. We propose an adaptive design to efficiently optimize programming of the neurostimulator based on specified interim evaluations of patient reported preferences. Preferences for the eligible device configurations are estimated after each interim analysis through a conditionally autoregressive model that assumes preference for one configuration is related to preferences for neighboring configurations. Using the adaptively updated preferences, a group of configurations is programmed into the device for the patient to evaluate during the next follow-up period. This selection is based on a balance of device exploration and preference maximization. We repeat this process until a specified stopping rule or the calibration end is reached. We show simulation studies to evaluate the overall quality of the adaptive calibration for various configuration selection strategies and the effects of stopping it early.
Millimeter wave complex refractive index, complex dielectric permittivity and loss tangent measurements of common polar and non-polar polymers

We are presenting data for polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4 methyl pentene-1 (TPX), polytetrafluorethylene, plexiglass, acrylic and nylon over the frequency range 50–300 GHz., The first four are non-polar and exhibit extremely low loss characteristic. The last three are typical polar polymers but exhibit nearly twenty to thirty times higher loss than polar-polymers.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel fluorinated poly(hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate) polymer coating for corrosion protection on aluminum alloy

Abstract The hydrophobic and corrosion resistive film of cross-linked poly(hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate) was successfully prepared by a simple photopolymerization method. The starting materials were a monomer of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, a photoinitiator of hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and a cross-linker of poly (ethyleneglycol diacrylate). A very simple coating technique of drop-casting was used to deposit the fluorinated polymer onto an aluminum alloy substrate (AA 3003). The polymer coating was stable over a 60-day period when exposed to an aqueous solution of 3.5% NaCl as measured by open circuit potential technique. The fluorinated polymer coating had high corrosion protection when measured by potentiodynamic polarization with a reduction of 90% in the corrosion current density for the polymer-coated aluminum alloy over the bare substrate. The corrosion current density decreased to 0.065 μA/cm2 for the aluminum alloy coated with the polymer film compared to 0.708 μA/cm2 for uncoated aluminum alloy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization process. The dynamic contact angle technique was used to measure the hydrophobicity for the fluorinated polymer coating and increased from 65° to 100° for the uncoated and coated substrate, respectively. Contact angle measurements before and after treatment with strong acid were carried out to confirm the chemical resistance of the polymer coating. The thermal stability of the fluorinated polymer was measured using thermogravimetric analysis showing thermal stability up to 200 °C.
United States National Report on Mandatory Disclosure Rules

This National Report was prepared for a conference titled Mandatory Disclosure Rules, hosted by the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at the Vienna University of Economics and Business in July 2021. This National Report addresses the mandatory disclosure rules that apply to “reportable transactions” under United States tax law. In responding to the conference questionnaire, this National Report describes the tax enforcement strengths and weaknesses of the mandatory disclosure rules that apply to reportable transactions in the US. It provides an overview of the types of transactions that taxpayers and advisors are required to disclose to the IRS, the persons that are required to disclose, and the process for disclosure. In addition, it describes the challenge of overdisclosure that IRS officials have encountered over the past two decades since the reportable transaction rules were first introduced. Finally, it offers predictions of the future challenges the IRS may face in continuing to rely on the reportable transaction disclosure regime as an enforcement tool and outlines potential policy responses that government officials could adopt. This National Report will be published in Mandatory Disclosure Rules (International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation) in 2022.
GPU accelerated MFiX-DEM simulations of granular and multiphase flows

Abstract In this research, a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) accelerated Discrete Element Method (DEM) code was developed and coupled with the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software MFiX to simulate granular and multiphase flows with heat transfers and chemical reactions. The Fortran-based CFD solver was coupled with the CUDA/C++ based DEM solver through inter-process pipes. The speedup to the CPU version of MFiX-DEM is about 130–243 folds in the simulation of particle packings. In fluidized bed simulations, the DEM computation time is reduced from 91% to 17% with a speedup of 78 folds. The simulation of Geldart A particle fluidization revealed a similar level of importance of both fluid and particle coarse-graining. The filtered drag derived from the two-fluid model is suitable for Euler-Lagrangian simulations with both fluid and particle coarse-graining. It overcorrects the influence of sub-grid structures if used for simulations with only fluid coarse-graining.
Proportionality in multi-winner RCV elections: A simulation study with ballot truncation

Ranked choice voting (RCV) is growing in popularity as an alternative to traditional U.S. election systems, as it is widely believed to result in more proportional outcomes for minority groups. However, little is known about the negative impacts of ballot truncation (i.e. voters not ranking every candidate either by choice or under election rules) on the signature benefits of RCV. In this study, we introduce new statistical models of ballot truncation based on novel insights from historical election data, and use these models to measure the effect of ballot truncation on proportional representation in simulated elections.
Is Your Client Prejudiced? Litigating Ineffective-Assistance-of-Counsel Claims in Immigration Matters Arising in the Eleventh Circuit

Though deportation is not technically a criminal proceeding, it visits a great hardship on the individual and deprives him of the right to stay and live and work in this land of freedom. That deportation is a penalty—at times a most serious one—cannot be doubted. Meticulous care must be exercised lest the procedure by which he is deprived of that liberty not meet the essential standards of fairness.
Sequences directing C to U editing of the plastid psbL mRNA are located within a 22 nucleotide segment spanning the editing site.

Abstract In plastids, editing of an ACG codon to an AUG codon creates the translation initiation codon for the psbL and ndhD transcripts in tobacco. To identify the RNA segment required for psbL editing, chimeric kanamycin resistance genes were constructed containing psbL deletion derivatives, and tested in vivo for editing in transgenic plants. We report here that a 22 nucleotide segment is sufficient to direct efficient psbL editing, including 16 nucleotides upstream and five nucleotides downstream of the editing site. Mutation of the A nucleotide to a C upstream of the editing site completely abolished editing, while mutation of the downstream G to a C only reduced the editing efficiency. Out of the 22 nucleotide editing target sequence, the 16 upstream nucleotides were found to compete with the endogenous psbL transcript for a depletable trans-factor. To test whether editing of initiation codons involves a common trans-factor, a chimeric gene containing the ndhD editing site was expressed in tobacco plastids. As for psbL, editing of the ndhD site requires a depletable trans-factor. However, the ndhD trans-factor is distinct from that required for psbL editing. Distinct cissequences and trans-factor requirements for the psbL and ndhD editing sites indicate an individual recognition mechanism for the editing of plastid initiation codons.
Structural Equation Modeling

Structural equation modeling (SEM) has become a popular statistical approach for addressing questions of relevance to clinical scientists. It is commonly used to assess questions related to measurement structure and construct validity, mediation and causality, and the structure of change. The popularity of SEM is due to both recent developments in software and its strengths as a model-testing technique. The latter include the provision of overall tests of fit applicable to highly complex models, the ability to model latent constructs, and an overarching structure with sufficient flexibility to accommodate a wide variety of models and data structures. Although SEM is a powerful data-analytic technique, it is especially important for users to understand its limitations and ambiguities. Several limitations and misconceptions associated with the assessment of model fit are discussed in detail. Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis; data analysis in psychology; experimental design; measurement in psychology; statistical methods in psychology; structural equation modeling; modeling
Ligand binding characteristics of the major mistletoe lectin

Carbohydrate binding specificity of the galactose-specific, major lectin of mistletoe extract (ML-1) was studied by an inhibition assay using monosaccharides, monosaccharide derivatives, disaccharides, and compounds containing multiple galactosyl terminals. The results indicate that 1) both alpha- and beta-galactosyl residues are recognized equally well; 2) each of the hydroxyl groups of galactose contributes to varying degrees to the binding process, the 4-OH being the most important and the 6-OH the least important hydroxyl group; 3) disaccharide sequences of Gal beta 2Gal and Gal beta 3Gal have much higher affinity than galactose, whereas affinity of all other Gal-disaccharides is only slightly better than galactose; 4) macromolecular ligands having 10 or more terminal galactosyl residues have 500-fold higher affinity than Gal; and 5) a group on ML-1 with pK alpha of 4.8 appears to be involved in the binding of ligand.
Narrative Implications of Evidentiary Rules

Narrative coherence (the context in which statements are made) and narrative integrity (protecting a witness’ statements from "contamination" by extrinsic narratives) shape some evidentiary rules and practices. For example, allowing or restricting leading questions usually reflects whose story is being told - the witness’ own narrative, or one presented by a cross-examining attorney. In addition, prohibiting the use of "speaking objections" protects against attorneys’ arguments being presented at inappropriate times, and also protects against impermissible coaching of witnesses while they are being questioned by the opposing attorney. Furthermore, the development of context in dealing with embedded narratives provides a better explanation than more conventional justifications for treating most forms of party admissions as non-hearsay (or as admissible hearsay). However, narrative considerations also suggest that - contrary to common practice, such as under Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)(D) - a vicarious statement by a party’s agent should not be treated as a party admission, but should instead be tested for admissibility either as a previous statement by a non-party witness, or as an exception to the hearsay rule.
Identification of the Isomer of Dihydroneopterin Triphosphate Synthesized by Two Enzyme Fractions from Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract The partial purification of an enzyme preparation from Lactobacillus plantarum which catalyzes the synthesis of a neopterin derivative from GTP is described. The enzyme preparation has been separated into two enzymatically active fractions by a DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Each of the enzyme fractions was incubated with [U-14C]GTP and the product was isolated and identified. The product of each of the enzyme fractions after phosphatase treatment and oxidation was identified as d-erythroneopterin on the basis of its absorption spectrum, paper chromatography, elution from an Ecteola-cellulose column and biological activity for Crithidia fasciculata.
Ho:YVO/sub 4/ and Ho:YLiF/sub 4/ solid-state saturable absorber Q-switches for 2-/spl mu/m Tm,Cr:Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ laser

Although several solid-state saturable absorbers have been developed in the past few years, the research on passive Q-switching with solid-state saturable absorbers in 2 /spl mu/m region is still at its early stage. In this report we introduce the use of a 4% Ho:YVO/sub 4/ and a 10% Ho:YLiF/sub 4/ (Ho:YLF) solid-state crystals as saturable absorber Q-switches for the Tm,Cr:YAG laser operating at 2.017 /spl mu/m. The optical characteristics of the two saturable absorbers are also investigated.
Statistical Selection Procedures in Multivariate Models

Since statistical inference problems were first posed in the now-familiar “selection and ranking” framework over three decades ago, these problems have been studied from several points of view using various goals and formulations. However, selection from multivariate populations is an important topic that has not been adequately studied in the literature. Our interest here is to briefly review developments pertaining to selection from multivariate models. In doing so, we consider: (1) selection from a single multivariate normal population, (2) selection from several multivariate normal populations, (3) selection from a multinomial population, (4) selection from several multinomial populations, and (5) selection from a set of predictor variables in a regression model.
A MARKET-WEIGHTED DESCRIPTION OF LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTING PATTERNS IN THE U.S.

This study provides updated, market-weighted photometric information about current European low-beam headlamps for model year 2003. The sample included 20 headlamps manufactured for use on the 20 best-selling passenger vehicles in 19 European countries. The vehicles sampled represent 47% of all vehicles sold in these countries. These lamps were purchased directly from vehicle dealerships and the photometric information for each lamp was weighted by the sales figures for the corresponding vehicle. The results are presented in tabular form for the 25th-percentile, 50th-percentile and the 75th-percentile luminous intensities. The results are also presented in graphic form for the median luminous intensities as well as for the median illuminance incident on vertical surfaces at various locations on the roadway. The data presented in this report should provide valid estimates of the luminous intensities that can be expected at various angles with respect to the headlamp axes of low-beam tungsten-halogen headlamps. This data could be used to calculate the expected illuminance reaching targets with known geometric relationships to the headlamps, such as traffic signs, road delineation, or rearview mirrors on receding vehicles.
Technology Clients and Psychology: The Case of Smart Cards.

Article discusses the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of the introduction of technology into life.
Advances in the Provision of System and Software Security— Thirty Years of Progress

Abstract This chapter addresses systems and software security in computing environments over the past thirty years. It is partially a historical treatment of the subject which outlines initial efforts to bound the security problem beginning early 1970 through today's state of security engineering practice. It includes an introduction to the topic, definitions and explanations necessary for background, design principles that were established by researchers and practiced today by security engineers. Government programs are described as they were initiated over time and their applicability to today's security engineering practice is discussed. Important law and Executive decisions are included which have had a direct impact on the state of computer security today. Lessons learned by practicing security engineers are included as a part of concluding remarks. Much progress has been accomplished in research and practice, yet systems today appear as vulnerable or perhaps more vulnerable than they were in the past. This should not be necessarily interpreted as a lack of progress—but as an indication of the complexity of the problem being addressed and the changing nature of the systems and networks needing the protection.
Effective DMSS Guidance for Financial Investing

Investment decisions have a significant impact on individuals, groups, organizations, the economy, and society. As a result, many formal methodologies and information systems have been designed, developed, and implemented to assist with financial investing. While these tools can improve decision making, none offer complete and integrated support for financial investing. This article seeks to close the support gap by offering a theoretical decision making support system for financial investing and illustrating the systemâ€™s use in practice. The demonstration indicates that the theoretical system can improve the process of, and outcome from, investing.
Glucose Oxidation and High Energy Phosphate Production in Heart Homogenates

Experimental conditions have been established for the study of glucose oxidation and high energy phosphate formation in cell-free rat heart homogenates. On addition of AMP to an otherwise complete system, an immediate formation of ADP and ATP occurs. Glucose oxidation is rapid, and high levels of ADP and ATP are maintained for long periods of time. In the absence of added AMP, rapid glucose oxidation also occurs despite low levels of ATP. It can be concluded that the high concentration of ATP, which the heart tissue is capable of accumulating, is far in excess of that necessary for efficient glucose oxidation.
A Three-Level Model Useful for Exploring Structure/Property Relationships for Molecular Third Order Optical Polarizabilit1Es

Approximations are applied to the three-level perturbation theory expressions for the third order optical polarizability. We conclude there will be three competing dominant terms, {ie73-1} each of which can be optimized at different molecular electronic structures. The two-photon term, γtp, has been commonly ascribed as the most dominant one for γ. However, the other two terms, which optimize at different structures, potentially offer equivalent or larger overall γ. The term, γn, will be optimized at structures with large second order polarizability γ, while the term, βC, optimizes at certain centrosymmetric free electron structures with large first order polarization, α. Optimization by γc is the preferred route, since this leads to elimination of the canceling terms which limit optimization by γtp or γn. Recent EFISH results have confirmed our earlier speculations that the free electron squarylium dye structures are particularly good for optimization by way of γc. Strategies are presented to selectively optimize to either of the three structure types and to obtain molecules with even larger γ.
Complete maturation of neuroblastoma with bone metastases in documented stages.

Abstract Spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma, one of the most common tumors of childhood, is rare, occurring in 1–2% of cases. However, this lesion does have the highest rate of spontaneous regression of any human cancer. 1 This regression can occur as complete disappearance of the tumor or as maturation to a benign tumor. Partial or complete maturation has been reported, 2,3 most often in young infants, who had nonadrenal primary tumors and no osseous metastases. Everson and Cole reported that five of their 29 cases of spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma showed maturation to ganglioneuroma. 1 Among 170 patients with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma seen at the Babies Hospital, we know of five patients whose tumor has matured to ganglioneuroma. One of these patients is reported here. She is unusual insofar as she showed documented maturation from neuroblastoma via ganglioneuroblastoma to benign ganglioneuroma in spite of initial exacerbation of the neoplastic disease and widespread bony metastases.
Post-Cambrian Trilobite Diversity and Evolutionary Faunas

A cluster analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of all Ordovician trilobite families, based on a comprehensive taxonomic database, identified two major faunas with disjunct temporal diversity trends. The Ibex Fauna behaved as a cohort, declining through the Ordovician and disappearing at the end-Ordovician mass extinction. In contrast, the Whiterock Fauna radiated rapidly during the Middle Ordovician and gave rise to all post-Ordovician trilobite diversity. Its pattern of diversification matches that of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna; hence, trilobites were active participants in the great Ordovician radiations. Extinction patterns at the end of the Ordovician are related to clade size: Surviving trilobite families show higher genus diversity than extinguished families.
The allocation of scarce medical resources: a philosophical analysis of the halakhic sources

What is Jewish ethics? Is there a distinct academic discipline under the rubric of “Jewish studies” or “Jewish philosophy” which can properly be called “Jewish ethics”? The answer to these two related questions is more elusive than one might think. Indeed, it has recently been argued that there really is no such thing as Jewish ethics at all. On the one hand, if a principle of action is truly ethical, then it must be universal, and if it is universal, it cannot be distinctively Jewish. On the other hand, if Jewish ethics is really halakhah in disguise, as so many writers in the field of medical ethics, for example, seem to believe, then why bother with the disguise if one can get the real thing?
Thermal insensitivity of oxygen pulse in spontaneously-active juvenile alligators

Abstract 1. 1.|Oxygen consumption and heart rate of unrestrained, spontaneously-active juvenile alligators in water rose in parallel between 20 and 30°C. 2. 2.|Consequently, oxygen pulse was essentially constant over this temperature range. 3. 3.|The increased need for oxygen transport between 20 and 30°C was met entirely by a rise in heart rate; there was no need for an increase in the product of systemic stroke volume and oxygen extraction by the tissues.
Wing Dimorphism Changed by Experimental Density Manipulation in a Planthopper (Prokelisia Marginata, Homoptera, Delphacidae)

Knuth, D. E. 1969. The art of computer programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, USA. Ward, D. B. 1974. The 'ignorant man' technique of sampling plant populations. Taxon 23:325-330. 1 Mlainuscript received 13 Jl /v 1981; revised1 /2 April 1982; (lcepted 3 MaY 1982. 2 DJepar/t/men/t ft Botativ, Universitv aj Can terharY, Clhristclmar1h New Zealand. I)CDepartmnent of'Botanv, Uni'versity a! Cal/itornia, Berkelev, Calif (rnia 94720 USA 4Present aidCdress: Department OJ BOtany ', UniversitY O 'Geargia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA.