cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New World and Old World Alphaviruses Have Evolved to Exploit Different Components of Stress Granules, FXR and G3BP Proteins, for Assembly of Viral Replication Complexes

The positive-strand RNA viruses initiate their amplification in the cell from a single genome delivered by virion. This single RNA molecule needs to become involved in replication process before it is recognized and degraded by cellular machinery. In this study, we show that distantly related New World and Old World alphaviruses have independently evolved to utilize different cellular stress granule-related proteins for assembly of complexes, which recruit viral genomic RNA and facilitate formation of viral replication complexes (vRCs). Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) utilizes all members of the Fragile X syndrome (FXR) family, while chikungunya and Sindbis viruses exploit both members of the G3BP family. Despite being in different families, these proteins share common characteristics, which determine their role in alphavirus replication, namely, the abilities for RNA-binding and for self-assembly into large structures. Both FXR and G3BP proteins interact with virus-specific, repeating amino acid sequences located in the C-termini of hypervariable, intrinsically disordered domains (HVDs) of viral nonstructural protein nsP3. We demonstrate that these host factors orchestrate assembly of vRCs and play key roles in RNA and virus replication. Only knockout of all of the homologs results in either pronounced or complete inhibition of replication of different alphaviruses. The use of multiple homologous proteins with redundant functions mediates highly efficient recruitment of viral RNA into the replication process. This independently evolved acquisition of different families of cellular proteins by the disordered protein fragment to support alphavirus replication suggests that other RNA viruses may utilize a similar mechanism of host factor recruitment for vRC assembly. The use of different host factors by alphavirus species may be one of the important determinants of their pathogenesis.
An Emerging Mystic Theology of Sustainability Amidst Rapid Changes for an Indigenous Church of Asia

This article is based on a research among Karen and Lahu spiritual leaders which was conducted on March–June 2014 and December 2015, as well as on personal interviews with priests and lay pastoral workers in the diocese of Chiangmai, Thailand.
Macro Trends and the Future of Public Health Practice

Public health practice in the twenty-first century is in a state of significant flux. Several macro trends are impacting the current practice of governmental public health and will likely have effects for many years to come. These macro trends are described as forces of change, which are changes that affect the context in which the community and its public health system operate. This article focuses on seven such forces of change: the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, and globalized travel. Following the description of each of these, this article then turns to possible approaches to measuring, tracking, and understanding the impact of these forces of change on public health practice, including the use of evidence-based public health, practice-based research, and policy surveillance.
"Dentists' and dietitians' recommendations of snacks and dental caries experience among kindergarteners".

Parents receive diet recommendations for their children from dentists and dietitians, but a conflict of diet suggestions has been reported. This research was conducted to investigate dental caries experiences in children consuming snacks that were recommended by dentists and/or dietitians. A total of 442 kindergarteners under went dental examinations, and their caregivers filled out questionnaires. Snacks were sorted by name. Three dentists and three dietitians determined whether they would recommend these snacks. The snacks were divided into four categories: snacks recommended by both groups, snacks recommended by neither, snacks recommended only by dentists, and snacks recommend only by dieticians. Children were assigned to particular groups based on their primary snack consumption. The children’s caries experiences (dft) were compared among the four groups. The agreement level on the recommended snacks between dietitians and dentists was moderate (Kappa=0.43). Thirty-nine snacks were identified; 13 recommended by neither, 4 recommended by dietitians, 7 were recommended only by dentists, and 15 were recommended by both. The mean (standard deviation) of dft amongthe children was 4.66 (3.81), 2.66 (3.17), 3.21 (3.37), and 4.02 (4.02), and respectively. The ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests indicated that children who consumed snacks recommended only by one professional, dietitian or dentist, have significantly fewer dental caries than children who consumed snacks recommended by neither professional. (ANOVA: F=4.494, p=0.004, Tukey post-hoc test: p=0.007 and p=0.046, respectively). Dentists can recommend snacks that are nutrient dense, even though it contains sucrose.
Asymptotic performance of the non-forced idle time scheduling policies in the presence of variable demand for resources

A fundamental scheduling problem is to schedule a set of jobs on a set of machines so that as many jobs as possible can be scheduled while respecting the resource constraints on each machine. A further complication in many computer systems is that scheduling decisions must be made on-line, that is, as soon as job arrives it must either be scheduled or rejected. Many practical systems and algorithms schedule jobs in such a way that loads on machines tend to be balanced. However, in case when job requests are highly variable, such scheduling systems do not necessarily result in a good performance. If loads are balanced then when large jobs arrive, there may not be any ldquoholesrdquo large enough to hold them, thereby resulting in increased queueing delays and overall job sojourn times in the system. In this paper, we focus on addressing the job assignment problem in an on-line loss system framework, i.e., when a job arrives, it gets scheduled to a particular machine using a certain scheduling policy or, if there are not enough available resources on any of the machines, the incoming job is lost. This type of scheduling is often called Non-Forced Idle Time Scheduling and includes many common policies, including Best Fit, First Fit and Worst Fit. In this paper, we use compound point processes to capture stochastic variability in the request process, we derive simple asymptotic estimates for the job loss rate in these scheduling systems. Furthermore, we derive the asymptotic lower bound for the job loss rate by comparing it to the performance of a single large machine and derive an asymptotic average case competitive ratio for the class of analyzed Non-forced Idle Time Scheduling policies.
Visualization and simulation of the material properties of carbon nanotori

We use visualization, animation, and simulation to investigate the material properties of carbon nanotori. To study the carbon nanotori we use the tight-binding model with nearest neighbor interactions together with an interaction term involving the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and has been effectively used for graphene and carbon nanotubes. We use the non-interacting tight-binding model to for our simulations and visualizations.
Weapons for the Sexual Revolution

AbstractRecent history has seen an enormous increase in sexual activity among youth in our society, accompanied, simultaneously, by a basic discomfort about being sexual. This dissonance has resulted in inconsistent contraceptive use and a rise in teenage pregnancy with its associated health problems. Thus, the major task for helping professionals is to move towards acknowledging and legitimizing the sexuality of young people. Before they can undertake this task, however, they must first examine their sexual values in order to achieve comfort with their own sexuality. Some steps are suggested for working towards such a goal.
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Degeneration or Parkinson’s Disease? Not All Hypersexuality Is Impulse Control Disorder (P6.387)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case series of 4 patients who presented with hypersexuality unresponsive to reductions in dopamine therapy. BACKGROUND: Dopamine dysregulation syndrome and Impulse Control Disorder (ICD) are well-described maladaptive behavioral syndromes linked to dopaminergic therapy. We present a series of patients who presented with hypersexuality and were diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal degeneration (bvFTD) as a cause of these symptoms. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a review of medical records, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, and treatment course in four patients referred for Parkinson disease (PD) with ICD, but reclassified as bvFTD-PD overlap. RESULTS: All patients in this case series presented to the Vanderbilt University neurology clinic with concomitant symptoms of parkinsonism and hypersexuality and a referring diagnosis of PD-ICD. A detailed history revealed that behavioral changes preceded exposure to L-DOPA therapy in 3 cases, and began after 2-3 years on stable levodopa therapy in 1 case. Hypersexual symptoms included extramarital affairs, prostitute solicitation, and sexually explicit advances to a minor. Reductions in L-DOPA did not resolve hypersexual symptoms. Neuropsychological testing in 3 patients emphasized significant executive dysfunction (difficulty with Trails, set shifting, Stroop interference, and word retrieval), consistent with a frontotemporal degeneration pattern of cognitive dysfunction. 18F-flurodeoxyglucose PET scans in 3 patients revealed differing degrees of frontal-temporal hypometabolism. All patients met clinical criteria for a diagnosis of behavioral variant FTD. Management of these patients included SSRIs (n=4), medroxyprogesterone (n=2), and clozapine (n=1). Symptoms improved in all cases with medical management. CONCLUSIONS: This case series emphasizes that not all ‘ICD behaviors’ in PD are attributable to dopamine therapy. In some cases, these symptoms may instead represent an FTD overlap syndrome, a relationship well-described in previous genetic studies of FTDP-17. Symptomatic treatment for these cases ranged from SSRI use to atypical antipsychotics and hormone therapy, but overall symptoms were effectively managed over time. Disclosure: Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDonell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Claassen has received research support from Auspex Pharmaceuticals.
Local glass transition temperature Tg(z) of polystyrene next to different polymers: Hard vs. soft confinement

The depth to which the local glass transition temperature Tg and alpha-relaxations are perturbed near a boundary is believed to be related to the characteristic length scales associated with cooperative dynamics in dynamically heterogeneous glasses. Following our recent work [R. R. Baglay and C. R. Roth, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 111101 (2015)] that measured a very broad 350-400 nm local Tg(z) profile across a glassy-rubbery interface of polystyrene (PS)/poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA), we compare here how the Tg(z) profile in PS varies when changing the neighboring polymer from a lower Tg material to a higher Tg material. Here we report local Tg(z) profiles for PS when in contact with polysulfone (PSF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA). We find that the distance from the interface before bulk Tg of PS (Tgbulk=101 °C) is recovered depends on whether PS forms the high-Tg glassy component experiencing so-called soft confinement, z ≈ 225-250 nm for PS next to PiBMA (Tgbulk=62 °C) and PnBMA (Tgbulk=21 °C), or PS forms the low-Tg rubbery component experiencing hard confinement, z ≈ 100-125 nm for PS next to PSF (Tgbulk=186 °C) and PMMA (Tgbulk=120 °C). The depth to which these Tg(z) perturbations persist and the magnitude of the local Tg perturbation at the interface are independent of the difference in Tgbulk between the two polymers, the interaction parameter, and the chemical structure. We demonstrate that these broad, extended Tg(z) length scales appear to be universal across these different systems but show that the strong dynamical coupling across the dissimilar polymer-polymer interface only occurs when this interface has been annealed to equilibrium. We consider why dissimilar polymer-polymer interfaces exhibit continuous local dynamics across the interface in contrast to polymer-free surface, polymer-substrate, or polymer-liquid interfaces that show discontinuous local dynamics.
Incumbent Adaptation to Technological Change: The Past, Present, and Future of Research on Heterogeneous Incumbent Response

Schumpeter famously popularized “creative destruction” as the process whereby new entrants replaced existing firms. In most cases, however, some incumbent firms survive and even thrive across techn...
A complex molecular switch directs stress-induced cyclin C nuclear release through SCFGrr1 mediated degradation of Med13.

In response to oxidative stress, cells must choose either to live or to die. Here we show that the E3 ligase SCFGrr1 mediates the destruction of Med13, which releases cyclin C into the cytoplasm an...
Technologies for Measuring Pharmacokinetic Profiles

The creation of a pharmacokinetic (PK) curve, which follows the plasma concentration of an administered drug as a function of time, is a critical aspect of the drug development process and includes such information as the drug’s bioavailability, clearance, and elimination half-life. Prior to a drug of interest gaining clearance for use in human clinical trials, research is performed during the preclinical stages to establish drug safety and dosing metrics from data obtained from the PK studies. Both in vivo animal models and in vitro platforms have limitations in predicting human reaction to a drug due to differences in species and associated simplifications, respectively. As a result, in silico experiments using computer simulation have been implemented to accurately predict PK parameters in human studies. This review assesses these three approaches (in vitro, in vivo, and in silico) when establishing PK parameters and evaluates the potential for in silico studies to be the future gold standard of PK pre...
Media explanations of small-town vigilante murder

According to media accounts of the events leading up to the apparent vigilante-style murder, McElroy had been arrested at least eighteen times in the area for offenses including the shooting of a local farmer, rape, arson, and theft of livestock. Each time he was arrested, with the aid of lawyers from nearby Kansas City, McElroy was able to escape conviction and usually a trial would not even occur. McElroy allegedly terrorized those who were to appear in court to testify against him, leaving the prosecutor without witnesses and without a case. The critical event for the community occured when McElroy allegedly shot the loca170-year-old grocer after the latter had accused McElroy's daughter of stealing a piece of candy from the store. The grocer survived after a lengthy hospital stay. Because the local minister had visted the grocer in the hospital, McElroy had telephoned him and threatened to maim his children and rape his wife. These phoned threats were nothing new for McElroy for he had frequently threatened local women with rape. In the case of shooting the grocer, as had happened orten in the past, McElroy threatened all potential witnesses; and almost a year later at the trial, the only witnesses were McElroy and the grocer. McElroy admitted shooting the grocer, but claimed that he had done
Preparation and molecular structure of lanthanum–FcCOO−–DTBbpy complexes

Abstract Two new lanthanum complexes, [La2(μ2-OOCFc)4(DTBbpy)2(NO3)2] (1·2CH3CN) and [La2(μ2-OOCFc)4(μ-HOOCFc)2(DTBbpy)2(HOCH3)2](ClO4)2 (2·2CH3OH); (Fc = ferrocene and DTBbpy = 4, 4′-di-tert butyl bipyridyl) were prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction of sodium ferrocene carboxylate (FcCOONa) with La(NO3)·6H2O (1:1) in methanol at 80 °C followed by the addition of 4, 4′-di-tert-butyl bipyridyl (DTBbpy) resulted in the formation of (1). The use of La(ClO4)3·6H2O as a precursor under identical synthetic condition yielded (2). In 1 and 2, the La atoms are bridged by four FcCOO- ligands forming the [La2(μ2-OOCFc)4] core (La…La = 4.0357(4) A in 1 and 4.3789(3) A in 2). The coordination number of the La atoms is 9 for 1 and 8 for 2.
‘So God Made a Farmer’: The US Agrarian Imaginary and the Lived Assemblages of Settlement and Empire

In support of the National FFA Organization (formerly, the Future Farmers of America), Ram Trucks declared 2013 the ‘Year of the Farmer.’ Their commemorative Super Bowl commercial featured radio br...
“Siri Is Alligator Halal?”: Mobile Apps, Food Practices, and Religious Authority Among American Muslims

In this study of the impact of mobile app technologies on the ways in which American Muslims practice their religion, Fewkes focuses on intersections between mobile apps and Muslim food practices. Through an examination of food-related religious apps, she considers both issues of sites of community—in the form of restaurants and shops—and fundamental aspects of Muslim praxis in relation to new technologies. Fewkes argues that while specific design features and use patterns of mobile technology allow mobile apps to disseminate religious information in new ways, seemingly circumventing historical routes of knowledge dissemination in American Muslim communities, the use of religious mobile apps does not represent a complete break with orthodox notions of authority and practice in Islam but rather a new form of religious narratives.
The Natural Killer Cell Receptor NKG2D is Critical to Antibody-Mediated Chronic Rejection in Heart Transplantation

Purpose Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of the innate immune system. Prior animal studies have shown that donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in concert with NK cells are sufficient to inflict chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV), but only with certain donor/recipient combinations. Current understanding of NK cell biology suggests the transition from quiescence to activation is mediated by a network of activating and inhibitory receptors; it is the integration of these signals that determines the final response. We hypothesized that the varying susceptibilities observed to this NK cell-mediated injury were due to differences in either donor activating ligand expression or recipient NK cell phenotype(s). Methods We utilized a murine model of cardiac transplantation with C3H (H-2k) or BALB/c (H-2d) hearts engrafted into immune-deficient C57Bl/6 Rag1-/- (H-2b) recipients. Recipients had no functional T or B cells, but an intact innate immune system. Experimental recipients received monoclonal Class I antibodies (anti-H2k for C3H donors, or anti-H2d for BALB/c donors). Allografts and recipient NK cells were recovered and examined after 30 days. Results Allografts from C3H donors demonstrated marked neointimal changes consistent with CAV. Conversely, allografts from BALB/c donors were protected despite this donor / recipient combination also representing a fully allogeneic mismatch (Figure 1A). There was no difference in recipient NK cell phenotype or ability to be activated between the two groups. Analysis of allograft endothelial cells from C3H allografts, however, showed significantly higher expression of the activating NKG2D ligand Rae-1 (Figure 1B). Significantly, administration of an NKG2D blocking antibody abrogated the development of vasculopathy in recipients of C3H allografts, even in the presence of DSA (Figure 1A). Conclusion NKG2D ligand / receptor engagement is necessary in this antibody-dependent form of chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Cattle trampling increases dormant season mortality of a globally endangered desert milkvetch

Abstract Conflicting priorities for livestock grazing management in the context of rare plant conservation are common worldwide, especially in semiarid and arid ecosystems, where open-range livestock grazing is a primary land use. Detailed information on the interaction between livestock impacts and rare plant demography would facilitate improved management, yet this information is most often not available. In this study we examined the direct impacts of cattle trampling on dormant season survival of Astragalus holmgreniorum (Fabaceae), a globally endangered perennial spring ephemeral of the northeastern Mojave Desert, USA. Current management restricts livestock access to the dormant season, when plants are not active above-ground, but monitoring indicates possible population decline under this regime. We tagged >2100 A. holmgreniorum plants to document dormant season survival and quantified cattle trampling and other disturbance impacts in small plots at six sites with contrasting disturbance regimes. We documented disturbance impacts on survival at the site, plot, and individual plant level across two dormant season iterations. We consistently found significant negative relationships between plant dormant season survival and cattle impacts. Plants at sites with heavy cattle trampling were up to five times more likely to experience mortality than those at sites with low cattle impact. Other surface disturbances (rodent activity, human impacts, water erosion) were also quantified but contributed substantially to reduced survival in only one case of water erosion disturbance. We conclude that grazing management in A. holmgreniorum critical habitat on federal land may require modification to reduce extinction risk for this federally listed endangered species.
Impact of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis on Longitudinal Health-care Utilization in a Community-Based Cohort of Patients.

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic lung disease associated with substantial symptom burden, morbidity, and cost. Delivery of high-quality effective care in IPF requires understanding health-care resource utilization (HRU) patterns; however, longitudinal data from real-world populations are limited. Research Question This study aimed to define HRU attributable to IPF by evaluating a longitudinal cohort of community patients with IPF compared with matched control subjects. Study Design and Methods Incident IPF cases were identified in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic health records (2000-2015) using case-validated code-based algorithms. IPF cases were compared with matched control subjects by age, sex, and length of enrollment. Annual rates of HRU measures were assessed during the 5 years pre- and postdiagnosis. Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted case-control differences in HRU. IPF treatment trends were assessed before and after the availability of IPF-specific medications. Results A total of 691 IPF cases were identified and matched with 3,452 control subjects. Adjusted rates of all diagnostic procedures were significantly increased (P Interpretation This study defines a marked increase in HRU in patients with IPF compared with control subjects, with accelerated use beginning at least 1 year prediagnosis and elevated use sustained over the following 5 years. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate longitudinal medication trends in IPF. Collectively, this information is foundational to advancing IPF care delivery models and supporting clinical decision-making.
Quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy for noninvasive measurements of the malaria pigment hemozoin

Hemozoin (Hz) is a crystal by-product of hemoglobin consumption by malaria parasites. There are currently no in vivo deep tissue sensing methods that can quantify Hz presence noninvasively, which would be advantageous for malaria research and treatment. In this work, we describe the broadband near-infrared optical characterization of synthetic Hz in static and dynamic tissue-simulating phantoms. Using hybrid frequency domain and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy, we quantified the broadband optical absorption and scattering spectra of Hz and identified the presence of Hz at a minimum tissue-equivalent concentration of 0.014 µg/mL in static lipid emulsion phantoms simulating human adipose. We then constructed a whole blood-containing tissue-simulating phantom and demonstrated the detection of Hz at physiologically-relevant tissue oxygen saturations ranging from 70-90%. Our results suggest that quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy may be useful for detecting deep tissue Hz in vivo.
‘I Will Go to the Game, While You Stay Home with the Kids': Gender Role Expectations and Sport Fan-Family Conflict

Within the sport management literature, fan-family conflict is defined as the extent of the role of being a sport fan interferes with one’s family role demands. This paper is specifically focused o...
Analytics Prevalent Undergraduate IT Program

As we enter age of information, computational resources have become relatively inexpensive and seemingly limitless in their capabilities. Consequently, the field of data science has emerged as one of the key areas in industry among engineers, scientists, and IT professionals alike. In this paper, we derive a Data Analytics Body of Knowledge (DA-BoK) from the existing Data Science BoK (DS-BoK) as a means to provide data analytics content throughout the curriculum of an institution's undergraduate IT degree programs. A series of four Knowledge Areas are subdivided into Knowledge Units that can be introduced into existing IT courses through four embedding types, including lectures by example, labs, case studies, and projects. A case study is presented using our three IT programs as examples of how this content can be introduced at three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy (i.e. vocabulary, comprehension, application) through each of the embedding types. Finally, insights and guidance are provided on how to improve the proposed data analytics embedded IT curriculum in order to meet the demands of the modern data analytics pipeline in industry.
The role of visfatin and resistin in an in vitro model of obesity-induced invasive liver cancer.

Obesity is associated with the development of liver disease and its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. This link may be attributed to adipocytokines such as visfatin and resistin which have b...
Discovering the association between the pre- and post-operative 3D spinal curve patterns in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

The advantage of considering the three-dimensional curve patterns, including the patterns of the vertebral position and alignment, in classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and whether such classification system relates to the surgical outcomes are not fully determined. A total of 371 AIS patients who received posterior spinal fusion surgery with 2-year follow-up were included retrospectively and consecutively. The 3D positions and orientations of the T1–L5 vertebrae were calculated from the 3D reconstructions of the spines at pre-operative and 2-year follow-up, a total of 102 variables per patient. A probabilistic clustering method was used to cluster the pre-operative and 2-year follow-up 3D spinal curve patterns separately. The distributions of the Lenke types and 3D pre-operative clusters in the post-operative clusters were determined. A total of nine pre-operative clusters including, four right thoracic types, three left thoracolumbar/lumbar types, one low apex right thoracic/thoracolumbar, and one left thoracic/right lumbar were determined. Three post-operative 3D curve patterns were Type 1 with higher residual proximal Cobb angle, Type 2 with lower T5–T12 kyphosis and highest pelvic incidence-lordosis mismatch, and Type 3 with larger lumbar curve magnitude and rotation compared to the other two groups. More than 50% of patients in each of the 3D pre-operative clusters had the same post-operative group. We developed a 3D classification of the AIS patients before and two-year after spinal fusion surgery. The link between the pre- and post-operative clusters lends itself to application of this classification system in developing predictive models of the AIS surgical outcomes.
Post Dural Puncture Headache and Orofacial Pain

Separated from the headache group due to the complex nature of facial innervation and facial pain, orofacial pain disorders can present with very unique symptoms. The ICHD-2 presents cranial neuralgias, facial pain, and other headache disorders as a third category in addition to the primary and secondary headaches of the last chapter. Grouped with the facial pain disorders, post-dural puncture headaches also represent a special case of cranial pain separate than the classic headache disorders.
Probing Patient Messages Enhanced by Natural Language Processing: A Top-Down Message Corpus Analysis

Background. Patients increasingly use asynchronous communication platforms to converse with care teams. Natural language processing (NLP) to classify content and automate triage of these messages has great potential to enhance clinical efficiency. We characterize the contents of a corpus of portal messages generated by patients using NLP methods. We aim to demonstrate descriptive analyses of patient text that can contribute to the development of future sophisticated NLP applications. Methods. We collected approximately 3,000 portal messages from the cardiology, dermatology, and gastroenterology departments at Mayo Clinic. After labeling these messages as either Active Symptom, Logistical, Prescription, or Update, we used NER (named entity recognition) to identify medical concepts based on the UMLS library. We hierarchically analyzed the distribution of these messages in terms of departments, message types, medical concepts, and keywords therewithin. Results. Active Symptom and Logistical content types comprised approximately 67% of the message cohort. The “Findings” medical concept had the largest number of keywords across all groupings of content types and departments. “Anatomical Sites” and “Disorders” keywords were more prevalent in Active Symptom messages, while “Drugs” keywords were most prevalent in Prescription messages. Logistical messages tended to have the lower proportions of “Anatomical Sites,”, “Disorders,”, “Drugs,”, and “Findings” keywords when compared to other message content types. Conclusions. This descriptive corpus analysis sheds light on the content and foci of portal messages. The insight into the content and differences among message themes can inform the development of more robust NLP models.
Shear type and magnitude affect aortic valve endothelial cell morphology, orientation, and differentiation.

Valvular endothelial cells line the outer layer of heart valves and can withstand shear forces caused by blood flow. In contrast to vascular endothelial cells, there is limited amount of research o...
Simultaneous inference of the compressibility and inelastic response of tantalum under extreme loading

We study the deformation of tantalum under extreme loading conditions. Experimental velocity data are drawn from both ramp loading experiments on Sandia’s Z-machine and gas gun compression experiments. The drive conditions enable the study of materials under pressures greater than 100 GPa. We provide a detailed forward model of the experiments including a model of the magnetic drive for the Z-machine. Utilizing these experiments, we simultaneously infer several different types of physically motivated parameters describing equation of state, plasticity, and anelasticity via the computational device of Bayesian model calibration. Characteristics of the resulting calculated posterior distributions illustrate relationships among the parameters of interest via the degree of cross correlation. The calibrated velocity traces display good agreement with the experiments up to experimental uncertainty as well as improvement over previous calibrations. Examining the Z-shots and gun-shots together and separately reveals a trade-off between accuracy and transferability across different experimental conditions. Implications for model calibration, limitations from model form, and suggestions for improvements are discussed.
Optimization of nutrient rich solution for direct fertigation using novel side stream anaerobic forward osmosis process to treat textile wastewater.

Abstract The current study focused on the performance of a lab scale side stream anaerobic fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (An-FDFO) setup and optimization of nutrient rich solution to achieve sustainable water reuse from high strength synthetic textile wastewater. Three fertilizer draw solutes including Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), Ammonium Sulphate (SOA) and Mono Potassium Phosphate (MKP) were blended in six different ratios with total molar concentration not exceeding 1 M. Among six blended draw solutions (DS), combination with high concentration of SOA have shown highest flux and combination with high concentration of MKP have shown highest reverse solute flux, while those with high concentration of MAP remain moderate both in flux and RSF. During long term runs, SOA: MKP (0.75: 0.25 M) showed longest filtration duration of 217 h in Run 1, with highest initial flux of 8.29 LMH and minimum dilution factor to achieve final nutrients concentration fit for direct fertigation, followed by Run 3 MAP: SOA: MKP (0.2: 0.6: 0.2 M) and then Run 2 MAP: MKP (0.75: 0.25). Moreover, deterioration of mixed liquor characteristics occurs in membrane tank due to high RSF. Similarly, the same inhibitory effect of reverse salt on biogas production was also assessed through Bio-Methane Potential experiments. However, Anaerobic Continuous Stirring Tank Reactor exhibited high performance efficacy, highlighting the importance of side stream submerged configuration in forward osmosis (FO) process.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and its C-3 Epimer in a Mouse Model of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Vitamin D has been proposed to have extraskeletal actions in several chronic diseases, including some cancers. The role of vitamin D in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most prevalent cancer in the US, is debated. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D3 in an animal model of NMSC. Equal numbers of male and female SKH1 hairless and immunocompetent mice (n = 150) were fed 25, 150, or 1000 IU vitamin D3 for 29 weeks. Subgroups were exposed to one minimal erythemal dose of UVB light 3x/week for the last 25 weeks of the study. Vitamin D metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and C-3epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D (C3epi), were quantified in skin and serum from a representative sampling of mice (n = 36) using isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Levels of 25OHD rose in a dose dependent manner in serum and skin (P < 0.01), ranging from 4.5-35.8 nmol/L and 2.6-11.7 pmol/g, respectively. Serum and skin C3epi also increa...
Predicting length of stay after robotic partial nephrectomy

Introduction To investigate factors predictive of length of stay (LOS) after robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) in an effort to identify patients suitable for RPN with overnight stay at outpatient surgical facilities.
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Tropical River Basins

The Tropical Rivers 2012 international conference (http://www.crearamazonia.org/tropicalrivers2012/) was part of the International Geoscience Programme 582 project of The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's International Union for Geological Sciences (UNESCO-IUGS). The aim of the IGCP 582 is to provide an integrated assessment of long-term direct effects of climate variability and human-induced change and management of tropical river basins. This assessment is to be achieved by identification, quantification, and modeling of key hydro-geomorphologic indicators during the past and present times, and assessment of the potential influences of global change on fluvial systems and the socio-economic implications of these changes.
Isolation and Characterization of Haloanaerobacter chitinovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a Halophilic, Anaerobic, Chitinolytic Bacterium from a Solar Saltern.

Two halophilic anaerobic bacteria, one of which had chitinolytic activity, were isolated from a solar saltern in southern California. These organisms were long, gram-negative, motile, flexible rods. The biochemical and physiological characteristics of these bacteria were very similar but were different from the characteristics of other haloanaerobic bacteria. Both grew at salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 M and at temperatures ranging from 23 to 50°C. They were sensitive to chloramphenicol but resistant to penicillin, carbenicillin, d-cycloserine, streptomycin, and tetracycline. An analysis of DNAs and whole-cell proteins showed that they were closely related taxonomically and distinguishable from other halophilic anaerobic bacteria. They exhibited 92.3 to 100% DNA homology as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of their DNAs were 34.8±1 mol%. The two isolates, strains W5C8 and W3C1, differed from other halophilic anaerobic bacteria sufficiently to support establishment of a new genus and species, Haloanaerobacter chitinovorans . Strain W5C8 exhibited chitinolytic activity and is designated the type strain. Two chitin-induced extracellular proteins with molecular weights of 38 × 10 3 and 40 × 10 3 were detected in strain W5C8. Images
A new semiconductor research paradigm using Internet collaboration

Continued progress in semiconductor process and device research will require new modes of collaboration and interaction. Internet technology will play a large role in creating and supporting a new distributed community of researchers. Stanford and MIT are working together to explore several elements of emerging networking technology in the context of semiconductor research. These elements include a help system, fabrication facilities database, a Collaboratory, networked process repository, remote simulation, remote process execution, remote microscope, and electronic technical publication and repositories.
Are Customer Segregated/Secured Amount Funds Properly Protected After Lehman?

This paper written in November 2008, two months after Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, analyzes the various customer asset protections laws under the Commodity Exchange Act and applicable CFTC Regulations. It describes the various account classes in place and how futures customers are protected. It only argues that further changes are needed to provide even great customer asset protections as Lehman's futures customers traded on several U.S. and non-U.S. futures exchanges, with each jurisdiction applying their local laws regarding company bankruptcies.
STRATEGIES FOR PROBING CP-PROPERTIES IN THE TOP QUARK SYSTEM

We discuss strategies for probing CP-properties in the top quark system in electron and hadron collisions. The magnitudes of CP-violation effects predicted by various models are reviewed. The potential of various current and future colliders in measuring the CP-asymmetry associated with the productions and/or decays of the top quarks is also discussed.
Topology Control and Mobility Management in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Invited Talk Abstract)

Summary form only given. A mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), it is important to select an appropriate transmission power for each node, called topology control, to reduce energy consumption and signal interference while still maintaining network connectivity. In a topology control protocol, each node selects a few logical neighbors from its 1-hop neighbors based on its local view, constructed by exchanging periodical "Hello" messages among neighbors, and uses a small transmission range to cover those logical neighbors. Our recent study showed that the majority of topology control protocols are unable to maintain connectivity in MANETs due to node mobility. One challenging problem involved is to construct consistent local views for the selection of a correct set of logical neighbors. All existing methods that enforce consistent local views require a certain degree of global synchronization. This talk first describes several popular topology control schemes and problems caused by node movement. Then we introduce a mobility management mechanism called weak consistency to address this problem. Compared with previous consistency schemes, this new mechanism requires no inter-nodal coordination and incurs no extra overhead. We show that a wide range of localized topology control protocols can be enhanced to ensure correct decisions based on local views that are weakly consistent. It is also proved that two recent "Hello" messages from each node are sufficient to construct weakly consistent local views, when each node updates its local views instantaneously, and three recent "Hello" messages are enough when each node updates its local view once per "Hello" interval
Tri-Gate fully-depleted CMOS transistors: fabrication, design and layout

Tri-Gate fully-depleted CMOS transistors have been fabricated with various body dimensions. These experimental results and 3-D simulations are used to explore the design space for full depletion, as well as layout issues for the Tri-Gate architecture, down to 30 nm gate lengths. It is found not only that the Tri-Gate body dimensions are flexible and relaxed compared to single-gate or double-gate devices, but that the corner plays a fundamental role in determining the device I-V characteristics. The corner device not only turns on at lower voltages due to the proximity of two adjacent gates, but the DIBL of this part of the device is much smaller than the rest of the transistor. The shape of the subthreshold I-V characteristics and the degree of DIBL control, as well as the early device turn-on are also greatly affected by the degree of body corner rounding. Examination of layout issues shows that the fin-doubling approach from using a spacer printing technique results in an increase in drive current of 1.2 times that of a planar device for a given width, though the shape of the allowed Tri-Gate fins has certain restrictions.
Two divergently transcribed genes, soxR and soxS, control a superoxide response regulon of Escherichia coli.

soxR governs a superoxide response regulon that contains the genes for endonuclease IV, Mn2(+)-superoxide dismutase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The soxR gene encodes a 17-kDa protein; some mutations of this gene cause constitutive overexpression of the regulon. Induction by paraquat (methyl viologen) requires both soxR and a new gene, soxS. soxS is adjacent to soxR, it encodes a 13-kDa protein, and it is required for paraquat resistance. These functions were revealed by studies in which the sequence of the 1.1-kb soxR-soxS region was determined, the 59 ends of the mRNAs were mapped, and complementation tests were performed with soxRS plasmids containing deletions of known sequence. The two genes are divergently transcribed, and the transcripts overlap. The soxS promoter is within the 85-nucleotide intergenic region, whereas the soxR promoter is within soxS. soxS mRNA increases after induction. Both protein products have possible DNA-binding (helix-turn-helix) domains. SoxR contains four cysteines (CX2CXCX5C) that might be part of a sensor region. SoxS shows 17 to 31% homology to the C-terminal portions of members of the AraC family of positive regulators. Images
Diversity in the Workplace

Most believe and understands that diversity brings more talent to an organization, increases creativity and perhaps leads to higher retention rates. But, in a global economy are organizations buying into the diversity and inclusion concept? And have organizations made progress in recruitment and retention of diverse ethnic groups in their organizations?
Functional mapping of community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae defines regions with ADP-ribosyltransferase, vacuolating and receptor-binding activities.

Summary Community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin from Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a 591-amino-acid virulence factor with ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) and vacuolating activities. It is expressed at low levels during in vitro growth and at high levels during colonization of the lung. Exposure of experimental animals to purified recombinant CARDS toxin alone is sufficient to recapitulate the cytopathology and inflammatory responses associated with M. pneumoniae infection in humans and animals. Here, by molecular modelling, serial truncations and site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the N-terminal region is essential for ADP-ribosylating activity. Also, by systematic truncation and limited proteolysis experiments we identified a portion of the C-terminal region that mediates toxin binding to mammalian cell surfaces and subsequent internalization. In addition, the C-terminal region alone induces vacuolization in a manner similar to full-length toxin. Together, these data suggest that CARDS toxin has a unique architecture with functionally separable N-terminal and C-terminal domains.
Differential effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(Kip1), p21(Cip1), and p16(Ink4) on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Background —The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) have different patterns of expression in vascular diseases. The Kip/Cip CKIs, p27Kip1 and p21Cip1, are upregulated during arterial repair and negatively regulate the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In contrast, the Ink CKI, p16Ink4, is not expressed in vascular lesions. We hypothesized that a variation in the inactivation of cdk2 and cdk4 during the G1 phase of the cell cycle by p27Kip1, p21Cip1, and p16Ink4 leads to different effects on VSMC growth in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results —The expression of p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 in serum-stimulated VSMCs inactivated cdk2 and cdk4, leading to G1 growth arrest. p16Ink4 inhibited cdk4, but not cdk2, kinase activity, producing partial inhibition of VSMC growth in vitro. In an in vivo model of vascular injury, overexpression of p27Kip1 reduced intimal VSMC proliferation by 52% ( P <0.01) and the intima/media area ratio by 51% ( P <0.005) after vascular injury and gene transfer to pig arteries, when compared with control arteries. p16Ink4 was a weak inhibitor of intimal VSMC proliferation in injured arteries ( P =NS), and it did not significantly reduce intima/media area ratios ( P =NS), which is consistent with its minor effects on VSMC growth in vitro. Conclusions —p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 are potent inhibitors of VSMC growth compared with p16Ink4 because of their different molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular proliferative diseases and for the development of molecular therapies.
New Parallel-Sorting Schemes

In this paper, we describe a family of parallel-sorting algorithms for a multiprocessor system. These algorithms are enumeration sortings and comprise the following phases: 1) count acquisition: the keys are subdivided into subsets and for each key we determine the number of smaller keys (count) in every subset; 2) rank determination: the rank of a key is the sum of the previously obtained counts; 3) data rearrangement: each key is placed in the position specified by its rank. The basic novelty of the algorithms is the use of parallel merging to implement count acquisition. By using Valiant's merging scheme, we show that n keys can be sorted in parallel with n log2n processors in time C log 2 n + o(log 2 n); in addition, if memory fetch conflicts are not allowed, using a modified version of Batcher's merging algorithm to implement phase 1), we show that n keys can be sorted with n1 +αprocessors in time (C'/α a) log 2 n + o(log 2 n), thereby matching the performance of Hirschberg's algoithm, which, however, is not free of fetch conflicts.