cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of tailored composite tethers with progressive failure using an approximation technique

In this work an approximate model for the response of 1D tailored flexible composite material tethers with progressive failure is developed and evaluated. The tailoring concept relies upon a progressive failure of redundant load paths of tailored length and strength, and has been proposed, modeled and experimentally verified in previous research. However, for long tethers that model of response is computationally expensive and the need for a more efficient computational model is addressed in the present work. This approximate model is shown to be very accurate by comparison with the exact solution, and the computational effort is dramatically decreased.
When Disagreement Gets Ugly: Perceptions of Bias and the Escalation of Conflict

It is almost a truism that disagreement produces conflict. This article suggests that perceptions of bias can drive this relationship. First, these studies show that people perceive those who disagree with them as biased. Second, they show that the conflict-escalating approaches that people take toward those who disagree with them are mediated by people's tendency to perceive those who disagree with them as biased. Third, these studies manipulate the mediator and show that experimental manipulations that prompt people to perceive adversaries as biased lead them to respond more conflictually—and that such responding causes those who engage in it to be viewed as more biased and less worthy of cooperative gestures. In summary, this article provides evidence for a “bias-perception conflict spiral,” whereby people who disagree perceive each other as biased, and those perceptions in turn lead them to take conflict-escalating actions against each other (which in turn engender further perceptions of bias, continu...
Behavior of the alloying element in Cu interconnects

We investigated the behavior of an alloying element in Cu alloy interconnects using CuAl seed from viewpoints of diffusion and reaction of aluminum. We attempted to make different type of CuAl alloy state by controlling heat treatment conditions. The results of this study elucidate the mechanism of reliability improvement and rise in resistivity by alloying element. Amount of dissolved aluminum in Cu grain affected Cu wiring resistance. EM lifetime was influenced by Al concentration at Cu/dielectric barrier interface. SIV failure rate just depended on Cu grain size, and independent on Al concentration at the Cu/dielectric barrier interface. Annealing at 250 °C in N 2 /H 2 was the most preferable condition to achieve the high reliability with suppressing increase of wiring resistance in this work.
Gonadal morphology, enzyme histochemistry and plasma steroid levels during the annual reproductive cycle of male and female brown bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur

The annual reproductive cycle of the brown bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur, was investigated over a two-year period. In females, GSI increased in the spring as follicles enlarged and the granulosa became hypertrophied, dropped during spawning in August, then rose in the autumn as follicles enlarged slightly. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity was limited to thecal nests of large, vitellogenic follicles. Plasma testosterone and estradiol-17β levels increased in parallel with GSI. Levels of both steroids dropped prior to the spawning period, although a peak in estradiol-17β was evident during the spawning period. No 11-ketotestosterone was detected in female plasma. In males, GSI increased in the spring as spermatogenesis proceeded, and dropped during spawning. 3β-HSD activity was confined to Leydig cells and was most intense prior to spawning. Plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone peaked during the pre-spawning period, dropped prior to spawning, then rose slowly during the autumn. A peak in estradiol-17β occurred during the spawning period. Significant differences in GSI and plasma steroid levels during the pre-spawning and spawning periods were observed between the two yearly cycles; they may be related to differences in rainfall during these periods.
The Effects of Tadalafil on Cold-induced Vasoconstriction in Patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a disorder characterized by episodic periods of vasoconstriction typically provoked by exposure to cold. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors may improve digital blood flow and clinical symptoms in patients with RP, but the mechanisms are unknown. We examined the hypothesis that a PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, attenuates cold-induced vasoconstriction. Additionally, we examined whether tadalafil reduced vascular dysfunction following ischemia, thus altering the response to repeated cooling. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 subjects with RP on two separate study days, when subjects received either placebo or tadalafil (10 mg). Digital blood flow (flux) was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and during two graduated local heat and cold exposure cycles. Temperature-response curves were evaluated by E(max) (maximal flux during heating), E(min) (minimal flux during cooling), and ET(50) and ET(90) (the local temperature at which flux decreased by 50% and 90% of E(max)-E(min), respectively). Tadalafil did not increase baseline flux (81.0+/-73.0 vs 91.3+/-114.0 arbitrary unit (AU), P=0.57), E(max) (280.0+/-107.6 vs 279.5+/-119.8 AU, P=0.94), ET(50) (25.4+/-4.4 vs 26.6+/-5.7 degrees C, P=0.62), or ET(90) (21.2+/-3.9 vs 21.8+/-5.0 degrees C, P=0.78), (cycle 1 values presented). There were no differences between cycles on either study day. In conclusion, in patients with RP, single-dose tadalafil does not increase digital blood flow at baseline or in response to heating, nor does it attenuate cold-induced vasoconstriction. Furthermore, it does not precondition the endothelium to resist a second cooling challenge. The clinical benefit in patients with RP treated with PDE5 inhibitors probably involves mechanisms other than acute inhibition of cold-induced vasoconstriction.
Visual priming: The ups and downs of familiarity

Abstract A dynamic picture of the neural processes underlying the ‘priming' effects on the visual system of repeated object presentation has been obtained by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with a gradual ‘unmasking' procedure that slows down the process of visual recognition.
GaInNAsSb/GaNAs VCSELs at 1.46 /spl mu/m

We present electrically pumped GaInNAsSb VCSELs at 1.46 mum, the longest wavelength on GaAs to date. At -20 C, pulsed at 0.1% duty cycle, the threshold current density was 4.5 kA/cm2, with a peak output power of 0.77 mW
Influence of aerobic capacity, body composition, and thyroid hormones on the age-related decline in resting metabolic rate.

It has been suggested that changes in fat-free weight may not fully explain the decline of resting metabolic rate (RMR) that occurs with aging. We therefore examined the hypothesis that a reduction in maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) may partially explain the lower RMR in older men, after accounting for differences in fat-free weight and fat weight. We also considered differences in energy intake and plasma thyroid hormones as possible modulators of the age-related decline in RMR in men. Three-hundred healthy men (aged 17 to 78 years) were characterized for: (1) RMR (kcal/min) from indirect calorimetry; (2) body composition from underwater weighing; (3) maximal aerobic capacity from a test of VO2max; (4) plasma thyroid hormones (total triiodothyronine [T3], free T3, total thyroxine [T4], and free T4); and (5) estimated energy intake (kcal/d) from a 3-day food diary. A curvilinear decline of RMR with age was found (P less than .01), in which no relationship was found in men less than 40 years of age (r = .10, slope = 0.002 kcal/min/yr), whereas in men older than 40 years, RMR was negatively related to age (r = -.52, slope = -0.008 kcal/min/yr). After statistical control for differences in fat-free weight and fat weight, a negative relationship between age and RMR persisted (partial r = -.30, P less than .01). It was only after control for fat-free weight, fat weight, and VO2max (partial r = -.10, P greater than .05) that no association between age and RMR was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Geo-spatial Pattern Determination for SNAP Eligibility in Iowa Using GIS

U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers SNAP - to assist low income citizens at the federal level, delegating the benefits distribution to the states. To avail the SNAP benefits the target population should be 50% or more low income (185% of federal poverty level) defined.
Liver necrosis caused by mushroom poisoning in dogs.

Mushrooms in Category A cause hepatic and renal damage after a prolonged latent period and are the most common cause of fatal mushroom poisonings in human beings. Category A is subdivided into 2 groups on the basis of the type of toxin produced. The genera Amanita and Galerina produce cyclopeptide toxins (Group I), and Gyromitra produces monomethylhydrazine toxins (Group II). Several Amanita species contain 3 kinds of cyclopeptide toxins: phallolysin, phallotoxins, and amanitins. 9 Of these toxins, only the amanitins play a significant role in poisonings. Mushrooms in categories B, C, and D have a rapid onset of clinical signs and effect the autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tracts, respectively. Only one of the reported cases of mushroom poisoning in the dog was associated with a mushroom in Category A in which several animals were poisoned by ingesting Amanita phalloides. 6 Other mushrooms in this genus and category that have either been associated with human poisonings or contain amanitins are Amanita verna, Amanita virosa, Amanita bisporigera, and Amanita ocreata. 8 The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and laboratory findings in 2 cases of canine mushroom poisoning. A 7-week-old male golden retriever had a sudden onset of extreme listlessness, ataxia, and petit mal seizures. The owner had observed the animal eating mushrooms on the day prior to onset of clinical signs. The puppy did not respond to intravenous Lactated Ringer’s solution and Valium and died within 6 hr of onset of clinical signs. Fresh and formalinfixed tissue, stomach contents, urine, clotted blood, and a mushroom were submitted to the diagnostic laboratory for evaluation. Strychnine was not detected in urine or stomach contents. The mushroom was identified as A. verna by a mycologist. The owner of the second case owned a small kennel and observed a sudden onset of yelping and a tense abdomen in a 12-week-old female Labrador retriever. The puppy became
The representation and recognition of human movement using temporal templates

A new view-based approach to the representation and recognition of action is presented. The basis of the representation is a temporal template-a static vector-image where the vector value at each point is a function of the motion properties at the corresponding spatial location in an image sequence. Using 18 aerobics exercises as a test domain, we explore the representational power of a simple, two component version of the templates: the first value is a binary value indicating the presence of motion, and the second value is a function of the recency of motion in a sequence. We then develop a recognition method which matches these temporal templates against stored instances of views of known actions. The method automatically performs temporal segmentation, is invariant to linear changes in speed, and runs in real-time on a standard platform. We recently incorporated this technique into the KIDSROOM: an interactive, narrative play-space for children.
Immunotherapy for Secondary Glioblastoma Multiforme: Toward an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Vaccine

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Without treatment, median survival is only 3 months after diagnosis. Even with “gold standard” therapy consisting of maximal surgical resection, fractionated radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, median survival is only 14.6 months (4, 10, 12). Diverse tumor biology and intrinsic tumor capabilities to overcome current treatment tactics remain the major obstacle to achieving longer survival periods. New targeted therapies are being investigated with the hope that a more individualized treatment regimen translates into better outcomes. Immunotherapy has long been touted as a potential approach to cancer, stemming from the late 1800s when Coley (2) observed tumor reduction in patients with sarcoma after acute infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. The theory behind tumor vaccines is that the body’s immune system can be stimulated by a tumor-specific peptide sequence/antigen to activate or amplify a humoral and cytotoxic immune response targeted at the specific cancer cells a patient happens to harbor (Figure 1). Despite multiple attempts at developing personalized vaccines with promising results in animal studies (1), peptide and dendritic cell vaccinations have largely failed in human clinical trials. The reasons for these failures vary but include suboptimal antigen selection, inadequate immunogenic responses, and GBM-associated immune evasion (7). However, a new glimmer of hope at overcoming these obstacles can be found in a recent article in Nature by Schumacher et al. (11) from the Department of Neurooncology at the University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Disease in Heidelberg, Germany. They report the exciting results in their quest to develop a tumor vaccine using a peptide target that is intimately affiliated with glioma biology: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1). IDH1 is 1 of 3 isozymes translated from 5 primary genes to form a homodimer involved in cellular metabolism. The protein is present in both the cytoplasm and the peroxisome. The most common and clinically relevant IDH1 gene mutation is a heterozygous missense mutation at codon 132 resulting in replacement of an arginine (R) with a histidine (H), connoted R132H. It is rarely found in primary GBMs and gliosarcomas but is found in diffuse World Health Organization grades II and III gliomas (and secondary GBMs)>70% of the time (3). On a molecular/epigenetic level, IDH1 mutation appears to be tumorigenic, displaying a hypermethylated CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) (9) that represses critical tumor suppressor translation (5, 14). Despite this finding, patients with the IDH1 mutation demonstrate a clear overall survival benefit with an increased sensitivity to both chemotherapy (8) and radiation (6). One explanation for this paradoxical finding is that IDH1 mutation
Wireless sensor networks

Advances in commercial IC fabrication technology have made possible the integration of wireless transceivers, CMOS signal processing, and sensing in one integrated circuit package. Combination with actuation is also possible. This amounts to a low-cost means to link communications and computer networks to the physical world, and may have profound consequences in such diverse areas as security, process control, planetary exploration, and medical monitoring and diagnosis. We outline the system design issues for a distributed sensor network, in which each node has a limited energy supply and relatively low data rate link. The nodes must establish a synchronous multi-hop network, determine locations, and cooperate for such purposes as beamforming and passing messages to the outside world.
Bandwidth Recycling in IEEE 802.16 Networks

IEEE 802.16 standard was designed to support the bandwidth demanding applications with quality of service (QoS). Bandwidth is reserved for each application to ensure the QoS. For variable bit rate (VBR) applications, however, it is difficult for the subscriber stations (SSs) to predict the amount of incoming data. To ensure the QoS guaranteed services, the SS may reserve bandwidth more than the amount of its transmitting data. As a result, the reserved bandwidth may not be fully utilized all the time. In this paper, we propose a scheme, named Bandwidth Recycling, to recycle the unused bandwidth without changing the existing bandwidth reservation. The idea of our scheme is to allow other SSs to utilize the unused bandwidth when it is available. Thus, not only the same QoS guaranteed services can be provided but also the system throughput can be improved. Mathematical analysis and simulation are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and analysis results confirm that our proposed scheme can recycle 35 percent of unused bandwidth on average. By analyzing factors affecting the recycling performance, three scheduling algorithms are proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can further improve the overall throughput by 40 percent when the network is in the steady state.
A grasp force and position sensor for the quantitative evaluation of neuroprosthetic hand grasp systems

An instrumented grasp sensor has been developed for use in quantitative evaluation of neuroprosthetic hand grasps. This hand-held device monitors both grasp force and grasp opening with the subject utilizing either palmar or lateral prehension, and can be used to quantify the grasping of variable-sized or compliant objects. The grasp sensor provides a quantitative tool to analyze a subject's hand grasp, thus allowing the neuro-prosthetic system to be tuned for the best performance. It can supply data on how a grasp changes under various conditions, such as different wrist positions. The device can also be used to perform quantitative comparisons for future neuroprosthesis improvements, such as the addition of sensory feedback, closed-loop control systems, and alternative command/control methods. The simultaneous measurement of grasp opening and force could prove useful in applications other than a neuroprosthesis, such as quantifying other hand impairments and studying the physiological control of grasp. >
A Statistical Approach to Assessment of Agreement Involving Multiple Raters

Study of agreement between two or more comparable sets of measurements taken on each member of a population is needed in many areas. There is an impressive literature on the topic covering both the qualitative and quantitative features of study variables. In order to ascertain the extent of agreement between the quantitative ‘target’ variable X and the quantitative ‘test’ variable Y, coverage probability (CP) was introduced by Lin et al. (2002). CP is defined as the probability of (X, Y) falling into a strip along the direction of X = Y of a judiciously specified width 2d but symmetric with respect to X and Y. For a given d, the higher CP value is, the better agreement it indicates. This article dwells on the concept of agreement involving three or more comparable quantitative measurements taken on each member of a population. We contemplate on a situation wherein we have available a reference gold standard against which several competitors are to be compared with respect to their performance as judged by...
Bacteriostatic, germicidal, and sanitizing action of quaternary ammonium compounds on textiles.

Summary Five typical quaternaries have been studied in an attempt to ascertain the conditions necessary for disinfection of cloth inoculated with bacterial population of E. coli comparable to the numbers of organisms found in the final rinse water of heavily contaminated laundry. One product tested did not disinfect fabric under any conditions in these tests and another failed to provide for disinfection at 20°C. With those which did disinfect, it has been found that dilutions ranging from 1:50 to 1:1,000 are necessary. The quaternary—dry cloth ratio of this range of dilutions is from 1 oz. quaternary for 0.094 to 1.8 lb. of dry cloth. In general, the five quaternaries were more efficient at 45° than at 20°C. Quaternary A, para diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, disinfected fabric in a dilution of 1:50 at 20°C. but only 1:500 was required at 45°C. These provide ratios of 1 oz. quaternary to 0.094 and 0.94 lb. of fabric, respectively. With quaternary B, alkyl (C 8 –C 18 ) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, a dilution of 1:1,000, 1 oz. quaternary to 1.8 lb. cloth, was effective at both 20° and 45°C. Disinfection was secured with quaternary C, alkyl (C 6 –C 12 ) naphthyl methyl pyridinium chloride, at 1:100, 1 oz. quaternary to 0.18 lb. fabric, at 20°C, and at 1:500 at 45°C. Quaternary D, dodecyl acetamido dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, failed to disinfect at 20°C, in any dilution, but at 45°C. disinfection was accomplished at 1:50. No disinfecting dilution was obtained for fabrics with quaternary E, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, due, in part, to its low solubility. It was found that quaternary B disinfected more efficiently as the numbers of organisms in the inocula decreased. The dilution necessary to disinfect fabric contaminated with numbers of cells comparable to conditions found in rinse waters of commercial laundries was 1:4,000 or 1 oz. quaternary to 7.5 lb. of dry cloth. When the contamination was in the order that might be expected to represent rinse waters in home conditions, the effective dilution was 1:1,000 or 1 oz. quaternary for 1.8 lb. of dry fabric.
Preschoolers' Incidental Learning of Novel Words during Storybook Reading.

This investigation examined the ability of 44 preschool children to acquire novel words embedded in storybook contexts. Previous investigations of word learning have typically consisted of novel words for which synonyms exist. It is argued that the acquisition of unfamiliar words that refer to existing concepts that already have labels is not necessarily the same process as the acquisition of legitimately new words for novel referents. Storybook conditions were designed to provide equivalent opportunity for exposure to the target words in two different contexts. All target words consisted of single-syllable, high phonotactic probability sound sequences. This investigation was designed for several purposes: 1) to examine children’s receptive identification of novel words following brief exposure (fast mapping); 2) to identify possible differences in acquisition of nouns and verbs; and 3) to determine if the rate of acquisition of novel words significantly differs by the context of presentation. All childre...
Robust Offline Single-Machine Scheduling Problems

Over the last few decades, a host of researchers have incorporated data uncertainty into scheduling optimization problems. The perspectives that these models take can vary widely and may include the optimization of worst-case costs, expected costs, probability of meeting deadlines, and so on. The mathematical programming subfield of robust optimization has also undergone significant development in the past 15 years. This article analyzes research conducted at the intersection of robust optimization and scheduling theory. We discuss four uncertainty sets used to represent unknown data and three robustness measures that have been applied in robust scheduling literature. We then classify results obtained for specific robust single-machine scheduling problems under each combination of uncertainty set and robustness measure and introduce open problems in this area. Keywords: Robust optimization; single-machine scheduling; robust scheduling; uncertainty sets
Goals of asthma therapy.

Objective : The purpose of this article is to facilitate the management of patients with asthma. The article will discuss the components of optimal care and asthma therapy. Data Sources : References are limited to the English language. Also included are descriptions of experiences based on the clinical practice of the author. Study Selection : Papers were selected on the basis of their timeliness, explanation of important findings related to clinical practice, and the treatment of asthma. Results : Effective asthma management requires understanding of asthma pathophysiology and how and when to provide asthma treatment, which includes specific, symptomatic, and adjunctive therapies. Optimal care entails a thorough knowledge of the goals of asthma therapy, including preventing asthma symptoms, maintaining nearly normal pulmonary function and activity levels, preventing asthmatic exacerbations, and avoiding adverse effects from asthma medications. For patients with an allergic component to their disease, allergen avoidance and immunotherapy can cure or at least significantly improve a patient's asthma. Using an Asthma Action Plan, patients can be instructed on how to prevent symptoms of asthma from occurring and how to maintain normal or nearly normal pulmonary function by monitoring their pulmonary function zone, based on daily peak flow meter results. At the present time, asthma is treated inadequately in the United States, but the situation can be improved primarily through education. Conclusions : The goals of asthma therapy are achievable in the US if several objectives are met : physicians are taught asthma pathophysiology ; patients are educated about the prevention and treatment of asthma ; the importance of an evaluation by an allergist is recognized ; and patients are provided access to good medical care.
Chemiresistive Sensor Arrays from Conductive 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks

Applications of porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in electronic devices are rare, owing in large part to a lack of MOFs that display electrical conductivity. Here, we describe the use of conductive two-dimensional (2D) MOFs as a new class of materials for chemiresistive sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We demonstrate that a family of structurally analogous 2D MOFs can be used to construct a cross-reactive sensor array that allows for clear discrimination between different categories of VOCs. Experimental data show that multiple sensing mechanisms are operative with high degrees of orthogonality, establishing that the 2D MOFs used here are mechanistically unique and offer advantages relative to other known chemiresistor materials.
Highly Strained Iron(II) Polypyridines: Exploiting the Quintet Manifold To Extend the Lifetime of MLCT Excited States

Halogen substitution at the 6 and 6″ positions of terpyridine (6,6″-Cl2-2,2:6′,2″-terpyridine = dctpy) is used to produce a room-temperature high-spin iron(II) complex [Fe(dctpy)2](BF4)2. Using UV−vis absorption, spectroelectrochemistry, transient absorption, and TD-DFT calculations, we present evidence that the quintet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state (5MLCT) can be accessed via visible light absorption and that the thermalized 5,7MLCT is long-lived at 16 ps, representing a > 100 fold increase compared to the 1,3MLCT within species such as [Fe(bpy)3]2+. This result opens a new strategy for extending iron(II) MLCT lifetimes for potential use in photoredox processes.
Prediction of Performances on Physical Fitness Tests by Means of Somatotype Ratings

Abstract Scores on three fitness tests were predicted for various body types using the body components endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy as independent variables. All of the somatotypes found in the sample were placed in 13 categories. The 13 categories were divided, on the basis of the scores made by the various somatotypes on each of the tests, into four groups. T-score tables were constructed, for each group, for each of the four tests. The same somatotypes were not placed in the same groups for all four tests. In this respect, this method of classification differs from many others that have been suggested.
p53 mutations isolated in yeast based on loss of transcription factor activity: similarities and differences from p53 mutations detected in human tumors.

p53 is a transcriptional activator that plays a key role in the integration of signals inducing cell division arrest and programed cell death. Moreover, p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, mutations of which are the most commonly detected mutations in diverse malignancies. In order to better understand the significance of p53 mutations to human cancer, we isolated mutant alleles of p53 that had lost transcription factor activity in yeast. These mutant alleles were evaluated for their precise changes, their activity against three different p53 responsive enhancers and their ability to act in a transdominant fashion to the wild type allele. While many of the mutations isolated in yeast resembled those found in human tumors, consistent with the importance of transcription factor activity for p53 in mammalian cells, the mutational spectrum obtained was dependent upon the p53 enhancer employed for the selection. Some mutations specifically inactivated p53 in yeast for a single enhancer element. Virtually all missense mutations tested had a dominant inhibitory effect on wild type p53 in yeast. Since some of these transdominant mutations are virtually unknown in human tumors we conclude that transdominance, per se, fails to predict which mutations occur frequently in cancer.
Rearing Alfalfa Loopers and Celery Loopers on an Artificial Diet123

Little is known about the biology of the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), or the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), as they occur in the Pacific Northwest. Hyslop (1912) and Childs (1938) discussed the life history of the alfalfa looper in the field, described the stages, and noted certain parasites and diseases attacking it, but similar information is not available for the celery looper. The economic importance of the celery looper is not known, but the alfalfa looper is a serious pest of peas, mint, spinach, and lettuce and occasionally of alfalfa, sugarbeets, and potatoes in our aera. We therefore decided to rear these insects in the laboratory in sufficient numbers to permit us to study their biology, response to insecticides, and parasites and diseases.
Negotiating the Male Body: Men, Masculinity, and Cultural Ideals:

In an attempt to understand the relationship between the body and masculinity, this paper explores the extent to which body image has significance in men's lives. I begin by considering the cultural ideal of the male body as conceived within the context of popular culture. Citing both cultural examples and empirical evidence, I argue that the muscular body type represents the dominant cultural ideal. I then explain how the present paper builds on prior research on the male body image. My argument here is that prior research has neglected to study the meaning of body image from the perspective of men's everyday lives and therefore provides an incomplete assessment of men's views of body image. In response, this paper draws from interview data compiled from a larger study, illustrating the different ways men relate to cultural ideals of male bodies, how men adjust to the demands of ideals, and how men normalize their own bodily condition. This paper suggests that men develop a number of complex strategies t...
Responsibility for Collective Inaction and the Knowledge Condition

When confronted with especially complex ecological and social problems such as climate change, how are we to think about responsibility for collective inaction? Social and political philosophers have begun to consider the complexities of acting collectively with a view to creating more just and sustainable societies. Some have recently turned their attention to the question of whether more or less formally organized groups can ever be held morally responsible for not acting collectively, or else for not organizing themselves into groups capable of so doing. In this paper I argue that several questionable assumptions have shaped the character and scope of inquiry to this point, precluding us from grappling with a range of important questions concerning the epistemic dimensions of collective inaction. I offer an overview of recent conversation concerning collective inaction, advance a critique of the picture of responsibility that has emerged from this conversation, and propose an alternative approach to th...
Detection of Cu in local pork,beef and mutton in Xinjiang

Objective:To detect the level of Cu in some local pork,beef and mutton in season in Xinjiang.Methods: Wet digestion and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used for detection of Cu level in these meat.Results: In Xinjiang,the levels of Cu in local pork,beef and mutton were(2.302±0.004)mg/kg,(2.007±0.004)mg/kg and(4.338±0.004)mg/kg,while the over-limit rate of Cu in them were 2.94%,0% and 8.57% in turn.Conclusion: The detection results showed that Cu content in local pork and mutton exceeded the standard to different degrees.
Molecular evolution of the human interleukin-8 receptor gene cluster.

lnterleukin–8 (IL–8) is the prototype for a family of at least eight neutrophil chemoattractants whose genes map to human chromosome 4q13–q21. Two human IL–8 receptors, IL8RA and IL8RB, are known from cDNA cloning; IL8RA is a promiscuous receptor for at least two other related ligands, GROα and NAP–2. We now report cloning of the genes for IL8RA, IL8RB and a recently inactivated pseudogene of receptor A (IL8RAP). These form a cluster of only three genes in the superfamily of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and map to 2q34–q35. The revolutionary diversity displayed by the IL–8 ligand–receptor complex — ligand promiscuity for IL–8, receptor promiscuity for IL8RA, gene duplication for both ligands and receptors and gene extinction in the case of IL8RAP — is unprecedented for the GPCR superfamily.
Second-order VCO-based ΔΣ ADC using a modified DPLL

A novel purely VCO-based architecture for a second-order ΔΣ ADC is presented. The proposed architecture achieves in-band second-order quantisation noise shaping. The proposed ADC is highly digital and well suited for design in scaled technologies. The architecture has been validated with MATLAB Simulink based models.
Sebaceous lymphadenoma of the thymus: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 2 cases

Summary Two cases of primary sebaceous lymphadenoma of the thymus are presented. The patients were a man and a woman 58 and 77 years old, respectively. The female patient had a history of breast carcinoma and on follow-up was identified to have an anterior mediastinal mass; the male patient did not have any history of malignancy, and the tumor was discovered during a chest radiographic evaluation when the patient presented with symptoms of fatigue, chest pain, and dyspnea. Histologically, both lesions were characterized by the presence of solid-cystic epithelial islands in a prominent lymphocytic background. The epithelial islands were haphazardly distributed in the form of small tubular structures with focal keratinization and groups of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm, round nuclei and lack of mitotic activity in keeping with sebaceous cells. The presence of germinal centers in the lymphoid background was seen in both cases. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component was positive for cytokeratin 8 (CAM5.2), cytokeratin 5/6, and for adipophilin in the sebaceous component. B- and T-cell markers were positive in the lymphoid component. Clinical follow-up in both patients showed that the 2 patients were well and alive 3 years after diagnosis. The cases herein presented expand the spectrum of salivary gland–type tumors in the mediastinum and raise awareness of lesions which are easily confused with other more common thymic tumors that have different prognosis and treatment implications.
2011 Guide to Bold New Ideas for Making Work Work (Book Summary)

2011 Guide to Bold New Ideas for Making Work Work by the Society for Human Resource Management and the Families and Work Institute Paperback: 231 pp.ISBN: 978-1-888324-55-6
Landscaping Feminist Scholarship on Transitional Justice

When seeking answers to how women experience period of violent conflict and how these experiences shape their post-violence justice needs, one should situate feminist analyses of transitional justice initiatives within the framework of larger feminist analyses related to transitioning from conflict to peace. This chapter summarizes the research methodology of this book before surveying some of the most relevant thought-leaders whose scholarship intersects feminism and transitional justice. In doing so, the chapter highlights how the arguments and scope of this book complement and compare with the work of other theorists. In addition to academic works, this chapter references some of the key practice and policy developments in the field of women, peace, and security in order to highlight the practical applicability of this study.
Office Procedures in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Office procedures in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be considered before and after medical management, as well as before and after surgical management. This article focuses specifically on refractory CRS, meaning those patients who have failed medical and surgical management already. The options available in the management of refractory CRS depend on the personnel, equipment, and instrumentation available in the office setting; surgeon experience; and patient suitability and tolerability. This article provides readers with possible procedural options that can be done in their clinics with indications, patient selection, potential complications, and postoperative considerations.
Functional identification of activity-regulated, high-affinity glutamine transport in hippocampal neurons inhibited by riluzole.

Glutamine (Gln) is considered the preferred precursor for the neurotransmitter pool of glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian CNS. Here, an activity-regulated, high-affinity Gln transport system is described in developing and mature neuron-enriched hippocampal cultures that is potently inhibited by riluzole (IC50 1.3 +/- 0.5μM), an anti-glutamatergic drug, and is blocked by low concentrations of 2-(methylamino)isobutyrate (MeAIB), a system A transport inhibitor. K+-stimulated MeAIB transport displays an affinity (Km) for MeAIB of 37 +/- 1.2 μM, saturates at ~200 μM, is dependent on extracellular Ca2+, and is blocked by inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+-channels (VGCCs). Spontaneous MeAIB transport is also dependent on extracellullar Ca2+ and VGCCs, but is also blocked by the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin, by Glu receptor antagonists, and by GABA indicating its dependence on intact neural circuits driven by endogenous glutamatergic activity. The transport of MeAIB itself does not rely on Ca2+, but on Na+ ions, and is pH-sensitive. Activity-regulated, riluzole-sensitive spontaneous and K+-stimulated transport is minimal at 7-8 days in vitro (DIV), coordinantly induced during the next two weeks, and is maximally expressed by DIV>20; the known period for maturation of the Glu/Gln cycle and regulated presynaptic Glu release. Competition analyses with various amino acids indicate that Gln is the most likely physiological substrate. Activity-regulated Gln/MeAIB transport is not observed in astrocytes. The functional identification of activity-regulated, high-affinity, riluzole-sensitive Gln/MeAIB transport in hippocampal neurons may have important ramifications in the neurobiology of activity stimulated presynaptic Glu release, the Glu/Gln cycle between astrocytes and neurons, and neuronal Glu-induced excitotoxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Avoiding instability: Getting the glenohumeral version right

Abstract Many factors play a role in getting a successful outcome after shoulder arthroplasty such as soft-tissue tensioning, component version, and subscapularis healing. This article focuses primarily on component version in both anatomic and reverse shoulder replacement and how it relates to stability, function, and outcome.
New Opioid Analgesic Approvals and Outpatient Utilization of Opioid Analgesics in the United States, 1997 through 2015.

Background:The opioid epidemic, driven in part by increased prescribing, is a public health emergency. This study examines dispensed prescription patterns and approvals of new opioid analgesic products to investigate whether the introduction of these new drugs increases prescribing.Methods:Prescribi
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the elderly: leaving our old way(s) behind?

Patients should ideally undergo very thoughtful evaluation with tools such as the comprehensive geriatric assessment or something similar that will give the treating physician the best estimate of therapy tolerance. Once therapy is initiated, very frequent monitoring is useful for providing early support of toxicity and for most promptly and effectively informing appropriate dose adjustments to ensure optimal dosing.
Technology Transfer in Extension: Experience in the United States of America

By far, the single most important catalyst of change in the way plant pathology is being extended to the agricultural community and the general public is the internet. There are various ways in which the internet has been the foundation of new ways of extending.
Multiple Forms of Monoamine Oxidase in Developing Tissues: The Implications for Mental Disorder

For a number of years our laboratory has been concerned with the developmental characteristics of the biogenic amines in the maturing brain (Eiduson 1966; Eberle and Eiduson 1968). More specifically, we believe as others do that a knowledge of how the biosynthesis, tissue levels, and catabolism of these amines are regulated during brain development may lead to a greater understanding of the biochemical and behavioral individuality exhibited by higher organisms and man himself. Little knowledge has been adduced about these regulatory mechanisms, especially during the formative period of development, although some workers have suggested end-product feed-back inhibition in the case of norepinephrine biosynthesis (Spector et al. 1967), or end-product feed-back repression of the enzyme involved in the first step of serotonin biosynthesis (Eiduson 1966). Thus we have been led to speculate about the possible mechanisms that may play a role in the regulation of these amines in different parts of the brain, and especially during development of the brain. These considerations, as well as our search and interpretation of the literature, have led us to consider the notion that there may exist multiple forms (isoenzymes) of monoamine oxidase (monoamine: O2-oxidoreductase [deaminating] EC 1.4.3.4) that may play a significant role in the regulation of these important neurohumoral substances. We shall be using the terms “multiple forms” of an enzyme and “isoenzyme” interchangeably since it is difficult to give a very precise definition of the word “isoenzyme.” We shall accept as definition for the time being, as was suggested by Latner and Skillen (1968), that “...most authorities believe that a broad definition such as ‘different proteins with similar enzymatic activity’ best suits the current state of our knowledge. It is customary, for the most part, to limit this definition to multiple enzymes obtained from one tissue of one individual animal or plant or possibly a small organ, or a culture of a unicellular organism.” Accordingly, the properties of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and especially its activity in developing brain (and other tissues of the maturing organism), as well as in certain clinical disease entities, serve as the subject matter of this paper.
Nutrient salts and the toxicity of black-layer induced by cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to Agrostis palustris

Cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans can interact to form a subsurface black-layer in high-sand content golf greens that impairs internal water drainage and results in the decline of the Agrostis palustris turfgrass on the green. Research was initiated to evaluate the effect of mineral salts (sulfur, iron, lime) and fructose (a soluble carbohydrate) added to a balanced nutrient salts control solution on the development and toxicity of black-layer to the growth of A. palustris. The various nutrient salts combinations were applied to single isolates of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans in nonblack-layered sand, and to the combination of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans (necessary for black-layer development) in black- layered sand. Dry weights of A. palustris treated with the salts control decreased with individual isolates of cyanobacteria and more so in the blackened sand produced by the combinations of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans. The addition of sulfur to the salts control increased dry weights of A. palustris growing with single isolates of cyanobacteria and in the sand blackened by the combinations of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans compared with the salts control; dry weight decreased in response sulfur only in nonblackened sand with D. desulfuricans alone. The addition of iron to the salts control produced the greatest increase in dry weight relative to the salts control among all single and combined microorganisms, except for D. desulfuricans. The addition of lime or fructose to the salts control decreased dry weight among plants growing in the no-organism control, with D. desulfovibrio alone, and with individual isolates of cyanobacteria relative to the salts control. Dry weights in response to lime and fructose in sand blackened by the combination of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans remained unchanged or decreased relative to the salts control. Growing roots of A. palustris cleared the blackening in sand and showed gold-colored cortical cells with blackened cell walls and vascular cylinders. The observations are discussed relative to the role of the various salts on the toxicity of D. desulfuricans to A. palustris in black-layered and nonblack-layer sand.
Sparse Matrix Methods for Circuit Simulation Problems

Differential algebraic equations used for circuit simulation give rise to sequences of sparse linear systems. The matrices have very peculiar characteristics as compared to sparse matrices arising in other scientific applications. The matrices are extremely sparse and remain so when factorized. They are permutable to block triangular form, which breaks the sparse LU factorization problem into many smaller subproblems. Sparse methods based on operations on dense submatrices (supernodal and multifrontal methods) are not effective because of the extreme sparsity. KLU is a software package specifically written to exploit the properties of sparse circuit matrices. It relies on a permutation to block triangular form (BTF), several methods for finding a fill-reducing ordering (variants of approximate minimum degree and nested dissection), and Gilbert/Peierls’ sparse left-looking LU factorization algorithm to factorize each block. The package is written in C and includes a MATLAB interface. Performance results comparing KLU with SuperLU, Sparse 1.3, and UMFPACK on circuit simulation matrices are presented. KLU is the default sparse direct solver in the XyceTMcircuit simulation package developed by Sandia National Laboratories.