cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constrained feed techniques for limited field of view scanning or time delay steering

Large arrays are often treated as arrays of smaller subarrays for the purpose of simplifying the array control and reducing the cost. Two major applications of subarray techniques are for limited field of view scanning and for time delay compensation of phase steered arrays. Although effective subarraying can be readily implemented using space feeds, it has remained very difficult to produce good pattern control with constrained feeds. This paper presents several new solutions to the problem, as applied to one dimensional arrays. The extension to two dimensional scanning can be accomplished by cascading the beamformer networks. It is expected that these techniques will enable the fabrication of low sidelobe arrays with very large constrained subarrays.
A technique to control mercury from flue gas: The Thief Process

The Thief Process is a mercury removal process that may be applicable to a broad range of pulverized coal-fired combustion systems. This is one of several sorbent injection technologies under development by the U.S. Department of Energy for capturing mercury from coal-fired electric utility boilers. A unique feature of the Thief Process involves the production of a thermally activated sorbent in situ at the power plant. The sorbent is obtained by inserting a lance, or thief, into the combustor, in or near the flame, and extracting a mixture of partially combusted coal and gas. The partially combusted coal or sorbent has adsorptive properties suitable for the removal of vapor-phase mercury at flue gas temperatures that are typical downstream of a power plant preheater. One proposed scenario, similar to activated carbon injection (ACI), involves injecting the extracted sorbent into the downstream ductwork between the air preheater and the particulate collection device of the power plant. Initial laboratory-scale and pilot-scale testing, using an eastern bituminous coal, focused on the concept validation. Subsequent pilot-scale testing, using a Powder River Basin (PRB) coal, focused on the process development and optimization. The results of the experimental studies, as well as an independent experimental assessment, are detailed. In addition, the results of a preliminary economic analysis that documents the costs and the potential economic advantages of the Thief Process for mercury control are discussed.
An In-Frame Insertion into the Sindbis Virus 6K Gene Leads to Defective Proteolytic Processing of the Virus Glycoproteins, a Trans-Dominant Negative Inhibition of Normal Virus Formation, and Interference in Virus Shut off of Host-Cell Protein Synthesis

Encoded in the genomes of all alphaviruses is a hydrophobic polypeptide of 55 amino acids, which is post-translationally modified with 4 covalently bound palmitic acids. This protein, noted as 6K, associates with membranes and is transported along with the two virus transmembranal glycoproteins to the site of virus assembly at the infected cell's plasma membrane. Previous studies showed that mutations in the 6K protein led to the slow release of aberrant, multi-cored infectious virions. In this paper, we report that an in-frame insertion of 45 nucleotides into an internal site of the 6K gene of Sindbis virus produced single-cored infectious particles at about 5% the yield of wild-type virus when the mutant was grown on avian, mammalian, and insect cells. Although the 15 amino acids were inserted at position 29 of the 55-amino-acid 6K protein, the mutation interfered with the cotranslational proteolytic processing that cleaves the 6K at its amino terminus from the Sindbis virus p62 glycoprotein and at its carboxyl terminus from the E1 glycoprotein. As a result, the amounts of normal p62 and E1 proteins were only half that made in cells infected with wild-type virus. In addition, the post-translational proteolytic conversion of p62 to E2 occurred at 10% the rate of wild-type proteins and the extensive fatty acylation normally detected on wild-type 6K protein was not found on the altered 6K protein. None of the mutated 6K protein was detected in virions, which were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type virus. The mutant 6K virions also were similar to wild type in their rate of attachment, uncoating, and formation of an early nonstructural virus protein in avian cells. When compared with the wild-type virus, 6K29-infected cells exhibited a decreased rate of host-cell protein synthesis shut off. However, the rates of virus capsid synthesis were the same, indicating that capsid protein, per se, is not involved in shut off of host-cell protein synthesis. In complementation studies, this mutant exhibited a trans-dominant phenotype. These data provide clues about the topology of 6K protein in the membrane and its function in virus maturation.
ALIMENTARY: ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE AND ISABELLA BEETON

In 1893, overwhelmed by readers' insatiability for Sherlock Holmes stories, Arthur Conan Doyle killed his detective off at the height of his popularity. Writing to a friend in 1896, Doyle described how literally sick he was of the figure he had created: “I have had such an overdose of him that I feel towards him as I do towards pâte de foie gras, of which I once ate too much, so that the name of it gives me a sickly feeling to this day” (Chabon 17). Holmes's (first) literary demise was marked by his creator with a culinary simile, one which recalls that his literary debut was made under the name that, above all others, stood for the culinary in late nineteenth-century Britain: Isabella Beeton. The first Sherlock Holmes story, “A Study in Scarlet,” appeared in the 1887 edition of Beeton's Christmas Annual. Three other editors had rejected the story before the Beeton Annual accepted it. This Doyle-Beeton publishing encounter was an instance of one publishing phenomenon recognizing another one and ushering it into the limelight. When Doyle's reflections on his huge publishing success turn to a gustatory memory of overindulgence in a purposefully overdeveloped organ, it raises the following question: what were the relationships between the mass market, the culinary, and the production and adjudication of judgment and refinement in the nineteenth century?
Evaluation of a liquid dressing for minor nonbleeding abrasions and class I and II skin tears in the emergency department.

Abstract Background Minor abrasions and skin tears are usually treated with gauze dressings and topical antibiotics requiring frequent and messy dressing changes. Objective We describe our experience with a low-cost, cyanoacrylate-based liquid dressing applied only once for minor abrasions and skin tears. Methods We conducted a single-center, prospective, noncomparative study in adult emergency department (ED) patients with minor nonbleeding skin abrasions and class I and II skin tears. After cleaning the wound and achieving hemostasis, the wounds were covered with a single layer of a cyanoacrylate liquid dressing. Patients were followed every 1−2 days until healing. Results We enrolled 40 patients with 50 wounds including 39 abrasions and 11 skin tears. Mean (standard deviation) age was 54.5 (21.9) years and 57.5% were male. Wounds were located on the face (n = 16), hands (n = 14), legs (n = 11), and arms (n = 9). Pain scores (0 to 10 from none to worst) after application of the liquid dressing were 0 in 62% and 1−3 in the remaining patients. Follow-up was available on 36 patients and 46 wounds. No wounds re-bled and there were no wound infections. Only one wound required an additional dressing. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to complete sloughing of the adhesive was 7 (5.5–8) days. Median (IQR) time to complete healing and sloughing of the overlying scab was 10 (7.4–14) days. Conclusions Our study suggests that a single application of a low-cost cyanoacrylate-based liquid adhesive is a safe and effective treatment for superficial nonbleeding abrasions and class I and II skin tears that eliminates the need for topical antibiotics and dressings.
Organosolv delignification of southern pine – an alternative pulping process

Aqueous ethylenediamine-ethanol-anthraquinone (EDA-EtOH-AQ) pulping of Southern Yellow Pine was studied for lignin removal and pulp yield. Temperature, time and ethylenediamine concentration in the solvent solution were studied and equations for lignin content and lignin-free yield were developed. Lignin content is decreased by an increase of temperature, time or EDA concentration. Lignin-free yield of pulp decreased with an increase in temperature or time, but increased with increasing EDA concentration. Overall, the solvent is selective, that is, large quantities of lignin are removed while the retention of cellulose remains high.
Higher-order processes in X-ray photoionization of atoms

There are several fourth-generation X-ray light source projects now underway around the world and it is anticipated that by the end of the decade, one or more of these X-ray free-electron lasers will be operational. In this contribution, we describe recent measurements and future plans to study both multielectron and multiphoton atomic photoionization. Although such higher-order processes are rare with present third-generation sources, they will be commonplace in experimental work with the new sources. The topics we discuss here are double K-shell ionization and two-photon X-ray photoionization.
In Vivo Pressure-Radius Relationships of the Pulmonary Artery in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

The effects of either increased pulmonary artery blood flow or pressure on the magnitude of the radius and the dynamic properties of the right pulmonary artery were studied angiographically in 162 patients during cardiac catheterization. Patients were divided into seven groups according to their hemodynamic findings. The right pulmonary artery radius was measured during systole and diastole, from the projected films, at the midpoint between the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the right pulmonary artery. The mean pulmonary artery radius was increased in patients with either increased pulmonary blood flow or pressure, and in patients with isolated valvular pulmonic stenosis. Both the pressure-strain elastic modulus (stiffness index) and the tension-radius regression were different from normal only in patients with increased pulmonary artery pressure regardless of the pulmonary blood flow. This finding indicates that the pulmonary artery is stiffer in patients with pulmonary hypertension but that its elastic properties are not altered secondarily to increased blood flow.
Potential Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition Using Imatinib in Combination with Docetaxel in the Treatment of Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is expressed in lung cancer and is involved in angiogenesis. Preclinical models demonstrated that imatinib (Im) regulates angiogenesis through PDGFR inhibition and enhances efficacy of chemotherapy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that Im plus docetaxel (D) would have a synergistic effect detectable by an increase in response rate in patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A phase II trial to evaluate Im in combination with D in patients with recurrent NSCLC was conducted. The primary end point was response rate, using a Simon two-stage design. Eligible patients had measurable disease and no more than two chemotherapy regimens. D was given at 30 mg/m 2 /wk intravenously ×3 every 4 weeks and oral Im at 600 mg daily for four cycles. Patients required two cycles to be evaluable for response. Nonprogressors after four cycles continued with Im maintenance until progression or for a total of 12 months. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled in the first stage. Toxicity was mainly nonhematologic. We observed one partial response (5.5%), four stable disease (22.2%), and 13 progressed (72.2%). Median time to progression was 1.9 months, and median overall survival was 6.1 months. Two patients who went on Im maintenance had time to progression of 7.78 months and 15.8 months. Conclusion: Im in combination with D did not achieve its primary objective of improving response rate in patients with recurrent NSCLC. An increased understanding of the complex PDGFR pathway in lung cancer and alternative strategies to inhibit it are needed.
MYCOBACTERIA AS PATHOGENS OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION

As the result of a formidable effort, the recent TB epidemic in the United States has abated; however, major questions remain as the risk of TB diminishes. Will we maintain an adequate public health effort not only to prevent another resurgence of TB but also to renew our pursuit of TB elimination? Do we have the will to extend the fight against TB worldwide as the TB threat in the United States declines? What is the best way to incorporate new diagnostic technology into routine practice? What are the best strategies for preventing and treating TB in AIDS patients? From the standpoint of NTM lung diseases, the major challenges are to educate clinicians about the variety and clinical presentation of NTM lung pathogens in order to recognize NTM lung disease as early as possible and to maximize treatment options. Hopefully, we can also improve upon the recent unprecedented progress in treatment regimens for NTM diseases of all types.
A new reaction of glutamate dehydrogenase: the enzyme-catalyzed formation of trinitrobenzene from TNBS in the presence of reduced coenzyme.

Abstract Glutamate dehydrogenase is shown to catalyze the reaction of trinitrobenzene sulfonate with DPNH or TPNH to yield trinitrobenzene, sulfite, and DPN or TPN. The reaction is stereospecific with respect to removal of deuterium from the reduced coenzyme and is affected by the same purine nucleotides which affect the normal activity. In addition, the reaction is inhibited by α-ketoglutarate. No chemical modification of amino acid residues occurs during the catalysis. It is concluded that the TNBS reaction occurs at the catalytic site of the enzyme.
Computation of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers with heat transfer in a plane of symmetry using embedded wall-layer functions

In the calculation of turbulent boundary layers, a large number of mesh points are required to adequately resolve the intense variation in the velocity and enthalpy in the near-wall region. A substantial reduction in computational effort may be realized by representing the velocity and enthalpy profiles in the wall layer by analytical embedded functions. The effectively inviscid flow in the outer part of the boundary layer may then be resolved by employing a relatively coarser mesh. To obtain complete profiles, the outer numerical solution is matched asymptotically to the inner wall-layer analytical solution. To date, this approach has been restricted to two-dimensional flows; in the present study, a method which may be utilized for turbulent boundary layers with heat transfer in a plane of symmetry is developed as a first step in the application of the embedded-function method to full three-dimensional flows. The present method uses only about half as many mesh points as that required in a conventional procedure, which calculates the flow all the way to the wall, but there is no degradation in accuracy of the computed results.
Estimating the Effect of Recycled Asphalt Pavements and Asphalt Shingles on Fresh Binder, Low-Temperature Properties Without Extraction and Recovery

The use of recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) as components of new asphalt mixes is expected to reduce construction costs, protect the environment, and conserve dwindling natural resources. However, the use of high percentages of RAP and RAS requires mix adjustments to accommodate the stiffer binder, which in turn requires quantification of the effect of the RAP and RAS binder on the fresh binder used in the mixture. Current methods for such estimates are performed on the basis of either chemical extraction and recovery of the binder or backcalculation from gyratory compacted samples. The former is not desirable because of the unknown effects of the chemical solvents on the binder, and the latter requires extensive laboratory work and resources. This paper modifies the analysis procedure for estimating the low-temperature properties of RAP binder by means of testing mortars and binders in the recently developed bending beam rheometer. The modified testing procedure was ve...
Pulsed Ultraviolet Light

Pulsed Ultraviolet (UV)-Light is an emerging processing technology, which has a potential to decontaminate food products. The light generated by pulsed UV lamps consists of a continuum broadband spectrum from deep UV to the infrared, especially rich in UV range below 400 nm, which is germicidal. In pulsed UV-light system, UV-light is pulsed several times per second and each pulse lasts between 100 ns and 2ms. The pulsed UV-light has a modest energy input which can yield high peak power dissipation. Many researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of pulsed UV-light on microbial loads on food surfaces. In this paper, various applications of pulsed UV-light treatment of foods found in the literature as well as future research needs will be discussed.
Electron-phonon coupling in compressed 1 T -TaS 2 : Stability and superconductivity from first principles

The coexistence of charge-density waves and superconductivity in compressed $1T{\text{-TaS}}_{2}$ is investigated through density-functional calculations. It has been speculated that this coexistence arises from a real-space phase separation of insulating domains of the commensurate-charge-density-wave phase and metallic interdomain regions. Approximating the structure of the interdomain regions with the undistorted $1T$ structure, the present calculations confirm that pressure suppresses the charge--density-wave instability and stabilizes the interdomain phase. The electron-phonon coupling constants of the compressed $1T$ phase are found to have strong wave-vector dependence, with large contributions from soft modes associated with the incipient charge-density wave instability. The pressure dependence of the coupling parameters is discussed in relation to the measured insensitivity of the superconducting transition temperature to pressure.
Comparing Stochastic and Deterministic Computing

Technology scaling has raised the specter of myriads of cheap, but unreliable and/or stochastic devices that must be creatively combined to create a reliable computing system. This has renewed the interest in computing that exploits stochasticity—embracing, not combating the device physics. If a stochastic representation is used to implement a programmable general-purpose architecture akin to CPUs, GPUs, or FPGAs, the preponderance of evidence indicates that most of the system energy will be expended in communication and storage as opposed to computation. This paper presents an analytical treatment of the benefits and drawbacks of adopting a stochastic approach by examining the cost of representing a value. We show both scaling laws and costs for low precision representations. We also analyze the cost of multiplication implemented using stochastic versus deterministic approaches, since multiplication is the prototypical inexpensive stochastic operation. We show that the deterministic approach compares favorably to the stochastic approach when holding precision and reliability constant.
Next generation ground-based gamma-ray telescope

The design of a ground based gamma ray telescope is presented. This telescope would be sensitive to extraterrestrial gamma rays with energies from 20 GeV to over 1000 GeV. Among other things, this telescope would be able to make improved studies of the emission mechanism of gamma rays from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and of the interactions of gamma rays from AGNs with the intergalactic infrared radiation field (IIRF). When combined with independent measurements of the Hubble constant, these observations will enable the measurement of the IIRF.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase impair viral entry and reduce cytokine induction by Zaire ebolavirus in human dendritic cells

Antigen presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells, are early and sustained targets of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection in vivo. Because EBOV activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling upon infection of APCs, we evaluated the effect of pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors of p38 MAPK on EBOV infection of human APCs and EBOV mediated cytokine production from human DCs. The p38 MAPK inhibitors reduced viral replication in PMA-differentiated macrophage-like human THP-1 cells with an IC50 of 4.73 μM (SB202190), 8.26 μM (p38kinhIII) and 8.21 μM (SB203580) and primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) with an IC50 of 2.67 μM (SB202190). Furthermore, cytokine production from EBOV-treated MDDCs was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. A control pyridinyl imidazole compound failed to inhibit either EBOV infection or cytokine induction. Using an established EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) entry assay, we demonstrate that inhibitor pretreatment blocked VLP entry suggesting that the inhibitors blocked infection and replication at least in part by blocking EBOV entry. Taken together, our results indicate that pyridinyl imidazole p38 MAPK inhibitors may serve as leads for the development of therapeutics to treat EBOV infection.
Design of a Microfabricated Device for the Ligase Detection Reaction (LDR)

The Ligase Detection Reaction (LDR) is a mutation detection technique used to identify point mutations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A microscale Ligase Detection Reaction (LDR) device was designed and manufactured in polycarbonate. There are at least two mixing stages involved in the LDR identification process. Various micromixers were simulated in Fluent (v5.4, Lebanon, NH) and several test geometries were selected for fabrication. Passive diffusional micromixers were made with aspect ratios from 7 to 20. The mixers were made by SU-8 lithography, LIGA, laser ablation and micromilling to characterize each fabrication method. It was found that LIGA was best for making the micromixers, but was the longest process. The micromixers were fabricated and are being tested using fluorescent dyes. For a successful reaction temperatures of 0°C, 95°C and 65°C were needed. A stationary chamber method was used with thermal cycling in which the sample held while the temperature is cycled. Finite element analysis showed uniform temperatures in the rectangular 1.5 μl chambers and that air slits can effectively separate the thermal cycle zone from the 0°C cooling zone and the mixing region. A test device was laid out and micromilled with the temperature zones. A commercial thin film heater and a thermoelectric module were used with a PID controller to obtain the required process temperatures. Heating from 65°C to 95°C took 10 seconds, while cooling from 95°C to 65°C also took 10 seconds. The residence times at the required temperatures can adapt to changes in the LDR as parameters and reactant concentrations are varied.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Reflecting on daily experience: What does ignatian spirituality have to offer social work students?

Abstract This exploratory study considers whether social work students could benefit from learning about Ignatian Spirituality, which is central to the ideals of Catholic, Jesuit universities. Of specific concern is the prayer form of reflection and contemplation. Does this form help in decision‐making and self‐care in today's fast‐paced society and the pressures of doing social work? To answer this question, a Jesuit from Marquette University met with undergraduate students during a two hour advanced social work seminar and linked concepts from Ignatian Spirituality to social work. Feedback about this experience was obtained through class discussion and an anonymous questionnaire.
Structural and electrical properties of stable Ni/Cr thin films

The electrical and structural properties of nickel-chrome (NiCr) thin film resistors were studied for the effect of post-deposition annealing on stability. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of sheet resistivities in the range of 100 to 200 Ω/□ could be improved by both air and vacuum annealing to achieve 5 ± 5 ppm/°C over the temperature range of -180° C to +100° C. With stability tests, air annealing proved to be more favorable for stable TCR. Studies via SIMS and ESCA identified surface segregation of Cr whereas TEM micrographs revealed correlating structural transformation of the films upon annealing. An intentional impurity, Si, played an important role in achieving a low TCR.
Single Molecule Reaction Kinetics within Femtoliter Volume Containers

We create and observe controlled single molecule chemical reactions within femtoliter containers called hydrosomes. Hydrosomes are stable aqueous nanodroplets suspended in a low index-of-refraction fluorocarbon medium. The index of refraction mismatch between the nanodroplets and fluorocarbon is such that individual hydrosomes can be optically trapped. Using optical tweezers, the hydrosomes are held within a confocal observation volume, and we interrogate the encapsulated molecule by means of fluorescence excitation. Hydrosome encapsulation has an important advantage over liposome encapsulation techniques in that hydrosomes fuse on contact, thereby mixing the encapsulated components. Optical tweezers are used to manipulate the hydrosomes and to induce a fusion event. Custom fabricated microfluidic channels are used to sort the hydrosomes containing different molecule species. We demonstrate the use of hydrosomes as microreactors by fusing two hydrosomes, each containing a complementary single strand of DNA, and observing the subsequent hybridization via FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer).
Migraine and Patent Foramen Ovale

Migraine is a widespread disorder with a large impact on society. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common occurrence, affecting about 25 % of the population. Observational studies report PFO to be more prevalent in patients with migraine with aura, and patients with migraine with aura have a higher incidence of PFO. The only population-based study does not support this link. It is possible that an association exists between large-sized PFO and migraine. This association may explain how migraine with aura can be triggered. Numerous studies have reported improved migraine with PFO closure, but the only prospective placebo-controlled trial aimed at closure of PFO in patients with migraine with aura did not support this. At this time, evidence does not support the routine detection and closure of PFO in patients with migraine.
A cumulative feeding threshold required for vitellogenesis can be obviated with juvenile hormone treatment in lubber grasshoppers

Developmental thresholds can ensure that an adequate condition has been attained to proceed through major transitions (e.g. initiation of reproduction, metamorphosis). Nutrition is critical to attaining most thresholds, because it is needed for both growth and storage. Attaining a threshold typically stimulates the release of hormones that commit the animal to the developmental transition, yet the relationships between the nutrition needed for developmental thresholds and these endocrine signals are poorly understood. Lubber grasshoppers require a cumulative feeding threshold to initiate vitellogenesis and potentially commit to oviposition. We tested the relative roles of the nutritional threshold and the major gonadotropin (juvenile hormone; JH) in initiating vitellogenesis and committing to oviposition. The source of JH was removed from all females, and then JH analog was applied after different amounts of feeding. Threshold feeding was not required to initiate vitellogenesis, suggesting that sub-threshold grasshoppers are competent to respond to JH. Further, sub-threshold grasshoppers went on to oviposit earlier than supra-threshold grasshoppers treated with JH at the same time. Hence, threshold feeding is required only to cause the production and release of JH. At the same time, we also found that individuals that were restored with JH late in life tended to favor current reproduction, at the expense of future reproduction. Both time to oviposition and vitellogenin profiles were consistent with this developmental allocation. Taken together, our results suggest that lubber grasshoppers adjust reproductive tactics primarily in response to nutrition (which only serves to release JH) and secondarily in response to age.
A simple scoring weight for test items and its reliability

It is pointed out that the scoring weights for test items should be approximations to regression-equation weights. For this reason any estimate of reliability of the weight should not be permitted to influence the size of the weight but should be used in determining the limit of acceptability of an item. A simple approximation weight is recommended for general use, and anabac is provided for the estimation of it when the correlation between item and criterion is the phi coefficient. A formula for the standard error of this weight is derived and tables of significant and very significant weights are presented in terms of deviations from the median weight.
Unifying Solution and Surface Electrochemistry: Limitations and Opportunities in Surface Electrocatalysis

The electrochemical transformations involving small molecules could play a key role in energy storage and utilization. In this work, we develop a link between surface and solution electrochemistry and this is accomplished by relating the correlated binding of hydrogenated species on metal surfaces to their formation energy in solution. This link provides a semi-quantitative treatment of the thermodynamic landscape of multi-electron electrochemical reactions. Using this simple analysis, we identify some of the fundamental limits of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon electrochemistry. This analysis points to new avenues of electrocatalyst design and two such avenues are discussed in detail.
Two-dimensional Brownian motion and fluctuating hydrodynamics

Abstract We derive the generalized Langevin equation for the motion of a hard disk in a two-dimensional incompressible fluid using a fluctuating hydrodynamical treatment. We show that our results are consistent with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
Simultaneous microchemical analysis of glycerol, fatty acid, and phosphorus in complex lipids

Abstract A single, small glycerol-containing lipid sample (50–200 nmoles) after a mild hydrolysis could be used for analysis of fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphorus. The range of the assays was from 10–500 nmoles for each lipid. A key to success in the analysis was using highly purified, freshly distilled reagents to reduce the background. A charcoal adsorption of the glycerol color reagent was particularly important. The usefulness and high reproducibility of this technique has been demonstrated in analysis of small quantities of lipids from tissue culture cells, plants, and bacteria. The structure and purity of lipid samples can be further verified by obtaining the expected molar ratios of three structural moieties of complex lipids.
Inhabited Institutions in New Destinations Local Sense-Making and Institutional Work in Community Response to New Immigration

Comparing two Midwest new destination communities, we identify key ways that local residents actively make sense of, and enact, community response for Latino immigrant newcomers. Our findings show ...
Factors influencing myeloperoxidase and catalase activities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Abstract 1. 1. Various factors affecting myeloperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been investigated. 2. 2. Under conditions in which the myeloperoxidase-containing granules of leukocytes remain intact, such as in intact cells or in 0.25 M sucrose homogenates, myeloperoxidase is not inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or by endogenously generated H2O2. Catalase is inhibited by aminotriazole but not by H2O2 under such conditions. When the granules are disrupted, such as in intact phagocytizing cells, in 0.25 M sucrose homogenates that have been frozen and thawed or in sucrose-free homogenates, both enzymes are inhibited by aminotriazole. Exogenous H2O2, at concentrations employed by us, inhibits myeloperoxidase but not catalase in frozen-thawed sucrose homogenates and in sucrose-free homogenates. Aminotriazole also inhibits purified myeloperoxidase. 3. 3. Myeloperoxidase activity was 18 times greater in lysed versus intact granule preparations. 4. 4. It is postulated that myeloperoxidase, like lysosomal enzymes, is probably inactive in resting leukocytes but might function in phagocytizing cells following lysis of the myeloperoxidase containing granules. A possible role of catalase in the regulation of myeloperoxidase activity in phagocytizing leukocytes is also suggested.
On the reversibility of binding of cardiotonic steroids to a partially purified (Na + K)-activated adenosinetriphosphatase from beef brain

Abstract Incubation of a partially purified preparation of NaK ATPase from beef brain with various cardiotonic steroids under conditions of maximum binding of the steroid to the enzyme, followed by dilution, shows that the binding of cardenolide aglycones to the enzyme is reversible but that the binding of bufadienolide aglycones is only partly reversible. The binding of all cardiac glycosides to the enzyme is completely irreversible, suggesting that the sugar in glycosidic linkage with the 3-position of the steroid plays an important role in irreversible binding.
Another example of a B variant.

A family in which five members had a weak B variant and one member had a normal A and weak B reaction is reported. It appears that these phenotypes arise by the inheritance of a variant allele of the ABO locus. Their cells react weakly when added to anti-B sera, and they have normal anti-A activity and an absence of anti-B in their sera. Additionally, all of the members tested had increased levels of cellular H substance and all of the affected secretor members of the family secreted normal amounts of both B and H substance. Transferase activity of the sera of these individuals confirmed the presence of the B-gene specific transferase.
A study on the network traffic of Connexion by Boeing: Modeling with artificial neural networks

This paper proposes using artificial neural network (ANN)-based architectures for modeling and predicting network traffic. Application on the Connexion by Boeing^(R) (CBB) global broadband network was evaluated to establish feasibility. Accurate characterization and prediction of network traffic is essential for network resource sizing and for real-time network management. As networks increase in size and complexity the task becomes increasingly difficult. Current methods try to model network bandwidth through linear mathematical expressions that are not sufficiently adaptable or scalable. Accuracy of these models is based on detailed characterization of the traffic stream measured at points along the network that are subject to constant variation and evolution. The main contribution of this paper is development of a methodology that allows utilization of artificial neural networks with the capability for adaptation. A simulation model was constructed and feasibility tests were run to evaluate the applicability on the CBB network and to demonstrate improvements in accuracy over existing methods.
Transforming teacher education: Visions and strategies

The five projects highlighted in this special issue represent a range of approaches to transforming teacher preparation programs. In this article, I describe how these programs are scaffolding teachers’ change efforts through the use of three powerful approaches: collaboration, modeling, and reflection. Similarities and differences among the five projects are described and suggestions are made for future research.
Occurrence of new metabolites containing N6,N6-dimethyladenine in spores of Streptomyces alboniger☆

Abstract Methods are described for demonstrating the presence of metabolites containing N6,N6-dimethyladenine in Streptomyces alboniger spores and culture medium.
Interpersonal involvement in discourse: Gender variation in L2 writers' complimenting strategies

Abstract This article reports on the use of complimenting as an involvement strategy in peer-review texts. The analysis explores how L2 writers vary their complimenting style according to gender of addressee. The data base is a set of 35 peerreview papers written by advanced L2 women writers. Four complimenting strategies that have been found to contribute to a female—female style are analyzed: positive evaluation, intensifiers, personal referencing, and a framing strategy. For each strategy, a comparison is made between texts addressed to women and texts addressed to men. In addition, the audience accommodation strategies of the L2 writers are compared to those of L1 writers. Results reveal that although L2 writers used some aspects of the L1 writers' female—female complimenting style, they did not vary their language use according to gender of addressee to the degree or in the some ways that the L1 writers did. Implications for second language acquisition and for writing effectiveness are discussed.
Out-of-hospital fluid in severe sepsis: effect on early resuscitation in the emergency department.

AbstractBackground. Early identification and treatment of patients with severe sepsis improves outcome, yet the role of out-of-hospital intravenous (IV) fluid is unknown. Objective. To determine if the delivery of out-of-hospital fluid in patients with severe sepsis is associated with reduced time to achievement of goal-oriented resuscitation in the emergency department (ED). Methods. We performed a secondary data analysis of a retrospective cohort study in a metropolitan, tertiary care, university-based medical center supported by a two-tiered system of out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) providers. We studied the association between delivery of out-of-hospital fluid by advanced life support (ALS) providers and the achievement of resuscitation endpoints (central venous pressure [CVP] ≥8 mmHg, mean arterial pressure [MAP] ≥65 mmHg, and central venous oxygen saturation [ScvO2] ≥70%%) within six hours after triage during early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) in the ED. Results. Twenty five (48%%) ...
Ring artifact removal for micro-tomography in synchrotron radiation

Ring artifacts are common in tomography reconstructions. These artifacts may arise, in microtomography using synchrotron radiation, from dead pixels in CCD detectors, damaged scintillator screens and instabilities of the synchrotron beam. Ring artifact removal is therefore an important task. We apply an image inpainting algorithm on the sinogram data to reduce ring artifacts in reconstructions. The applied image inpainting algorithm is advantageous in two aspects. First, the proposed method is local, and it affects only the user-specified corrupted region. Second, it utilizes the directional information of level lines, as well as the intensity information, in the sinogram data. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to compensate both the missing directional information and the distorted intensity information, which reduces ring artifacts in reconstructions. An improvement in reconstruction image qualities is achieved for micro-tomography using the proposed method. A comparison shows that the proposed method may outperform existing methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy.
Recoilless gamma-ray lasers

This review is addressed to the development of lasers that might generate coherent radiation at ultrashort wavelengths by stimulating recoilless nuclear transitions in solids. First, the authors review the basic physics of stimulated emission, superradiance and the kinetics of lasing, with particular attention to those aspects that characterize recoilless nuclear transitions in solid hosts. Then they classify the various approaches to pumping that have been proposed for resolving the ``graser dilemma''---that the pump can destroy the conditions essential to gain---and discuss the general requirements for specification of an active nuclide and its solid host. The authors then classify and review those graser systems proposed since 1980 and prior to July 1996 in the published literature of the field, namely, (1) those that would pump directly, either with radiation or with intense bursts of neutrons; (2) those that would pump indirectly by first generating a nuclear isomer; (3) those that would eliminate the need for population inversion; and (4) several miscellaneous concepts. The significance of recent relevant experiments is described and discussed, and, finally, recommendations for future research are made.
Severe Leukoencephalopathy Following Acute Oxycodone Intoxication

Post-opioid toxic encephalopathy is described associated with the synthetic opioid, methadone, and after heroin intoxication, (inhaled, injected or ingested). We describe the clinical and radiologic findings of a 46-year-old man with oxycodone and oxycontin overdose who developed multifocal encephalopathy and severe cerebellitis causing acute obstructive hydrocephalus, and discuss the possible mechanisms involved. Brain MRI showed a non-vascular distribution of diffusion positive lesions in both cerebellar hemispheres and globi pallidi with preserved cerebral perfusion, suggesting an inflammatory process. Management required ventilatory support and intraventricular catheter placement. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this condition associated with oxycodone and oxycontin ingestion. The occurrence of this rare toxic encephalopathy may be related to distribution patterns of opioid receptor subtypes, genetic susceptibility, sensitization, and other specific comorbidities.
Technical aspects of the combined arterial switch and senning operation for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare defect characterized by discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. Symptoms result from one or a combination of associated cardiovascular malformations, including ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis or atresia, and tricuspid valve dysfunction. Survival of patients with ccTGA is often determined by the associated anomalies, but even in isolation ccTGA results in a diminished life expectancy. Regurgitation of the tricuspid valve and decreased morphologic right ventricular function tend to develop and worsen over time. Anatomic repair by double switch technique may improve survival of patients with ccTGA by establishing the morphologic left ventricle in the systemic circulation.
The Effect of Herd Milk Production on Scoring Dairy Herd Improvement Performance Measures

Abstract Objectives of this research were to convert DHI performance measures into percentile scores based on expected values at a producer's rolling herd average and to compare performance with percentile scores based on means of all herds. Holstein herd data from the Minnesota Dairy Records Processing Center were used to derive regression coefficients to predict expected values of DHI management variables from three forms of rolling herd average 4% FCM. Variables were converted to percentiles using expected parameter value, assumption of normal distribution, and the mean square error of the prediction equation as an estimate of the variance. With some exceptions in reproductive categories, expected values for DHI performance measures at the mean rolling herd average were generally better than expected values in lower producing herds and worse than expected values in higher producing herds. Absolute values for the 75th percentile of performance measures based on the mean of all herds translated to percentiles of 54 to 82 when scoring was based on expected values at the 75th percentile of rolling herd average. Electronically importing DHI data and converting to percentiles based on rolling herd average allowed for comparison of DHI performance measures with similar rather than all herds.
Ultra short wave generation

Abstract The feasibility is investigated of generating ultra short wavelength radiofrequency power by the use of relativistic electron beams in conjunction with cavities operating at very high modes, and transverse magnetic fields which alternate in direction. It is found to be practical to generate coherent radiofrequency power using the type of electron beams available from linear accelerators at wavelengths as short as about 0.1 mm and with efficiencies of about 1%. Using a circulating electron beam contained in a magnetic storage ring system, it seems possible to generate coherent radiation at wavelengths as short as visible light.
Makin’ It in College: The Value of Significant Individuals in the Lives of Mexican American Adolescents

Using a social capital framework, the aim of this study was to examine the role of significant relationships in the academic experiences of Mexican American college students. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 students and 12 of the individuals in their lives who were considered important sources of support. Grounded theory was used to analyze data and various steps, such as member-checking, were taken to enhance the credibility of findings. Parents, peers, siblings, extended family members, and unrelated adults supported these students academically. Parents were the most frequently cited sources of support and played a significant role in motivating students in their education. However, because parents’ relatively low educational status limited the kind of support they could provide, students also benefited from nonparental sources of support. There were five forms of support (e.g., emotional support, cognitive guidance) used to guide students in eight aspects of school life (e.g., co...
Risk Management and Risk Preferences in Agriculture: Discussion

As evidenced by recent events, uncertainty about the future has seemingly become a characteristic of American society (Bazelon). The agricultural producer, of course, is subjected to those societal risks but, because of the particular aspects of agricultural production, uncertainty about future outcomes is a more critical concern for these producers. Therefore it is quite appropriate for agricultural economists to select this topic for discussion at these meetings. Although the two papers both address the risk question, the research topics they address have a considerable divergence. In part, of course, this only reflects the different orientations in which agricultural economists view the risk problem
Optimal matchline blocking and matchline dosimetry for lymphoma patients

Patient setup and geometrical factors can potentially lead to excessive spinal cord doses when treating lymphoma patients with matched mantle and para-aortic (PAN) fields. To ensure cord protection, partial transmission blocks are often used at the matchline. This study evaluates optimal placement of these blocks. Three patients were planned using a variety of mantle/PAN field geometries, including significantly different field lengths and isocenter vertical positions. Field matching in all cases was based on a standard gap calculation. Half-transmission blocks (HTB) were positioned on (a) both posterior fields, (b) both anterior fields, and (c) the posterior PAN field only. Doses were calculated with and without effects of setup uncertainty. HTB on both posterior fields yielded a lower maximum cord dose but slightly poorer target coverage than HTB on both anterior fields. HTB on the posterior PAN field alone resulted in a maximum cord dose similar to HTB on both anterior fields. Setup uncertainty decreased but did not eliminate the differences between block placement methods. HTB of sufficient size on both posterior fields ensures a maximum cord dose less than the prescription without significant compromise of target coverage.