cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brainstem sensing of meal-related signals in energy homeostasis.

Abstract The dorsovagal complex comprises: (1) a chemosensory structure, the area postrema (AP), (2) a center for integrating distension, mechanosensory and other inputs from the viscera, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS), and (3) a center to integrate motor and secretory drive to the viscera, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX). There is recent evidence for considerable autonomy of dorsovagal reflexes traversing this loop in ingestive control, especially in meal-termination/anorexic responses, and in other controls on nutrient flux. The characteristics of this system, including (1) activation of several parallel effector pathways, and (2) glucose-sensitivity (hypoglycemic override) have profound therapeutic implications for anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug development. Agents acting via the brain structures similar to those activated by amylin promise efficacy via multiple effectors, but, via glucose-dependence of effects, without increased risk of hypoglycemia. Several peptides, including those secreted in response to meals, are sensed at area postrema, and because they degrade to innocuous metabolites (amino acids) are thereby candidates as safe and effective drugs. Recently developed GLP-1 agonists and amylin agonists are examples of the therapeutic potential of such agents for metabolic diseases. Others in development include PYY agonists and MC4 agonists. Especially promising may be combinations of peptides and/or their analogs. Certain pairs of peptides, including those acting via the dorsovagal complex, exhibit surprising synergies (eg amylin + CCK ( Bhavsar et al., 1998 ), amylin + leptin ( Roth et al., 2008 ), CCK + glucagon + bombesin ( Hinton et al., 1986 ), PYY and GLP-1 ( Paulik et al., 2011 )). Peptide combinations may thus attain transformational efficacy without invoking burdensome toxic risk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Central Control of Food Intake’.
From inclusion to engagement: helping students engage with schooling through policy and practices

by Paul Cooper and Barbara Jacobs, Chichester, UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, 241 pp., $44.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-470-01946-7 In From inclusion to engagement: helping students engage with schoolin...
An isoperimetric problem for sloshing in a shallow convex container

Es wird die Aufgabe der freien Flussigkeitsschwingungen in Behaltern geringer Tiefe untersucht, und zwar fur ebene und axial-symmetrische Schwingungen. Insbesondere wird die Frage beantwortet, welchen Wert die zweite harmonische Schwingungsfrequenz hochstens annehmen kann, wenn zwar der Inhalt des Behalters vorgegeben ist, dagegen nicht seine Gestalt. Im Gegensatz zu einer fruheren Untersuchung werden jedoch fur dieses isoperimetrische Problem nur konvexe Behalter zugelassen. Mathematisch lasst sich das Ergebnis etwas weiter fassen: Es wird eine obere Schranke fur den niedrigsten (nicht trivialen) Eigenwert einer Klasse von Sturm-Liouville Aufgaben ermittelt, wobei sich herausstellt, dass zur Abgrenzung dieser Klasse zwei feste Punkte im Integrationsintervall eine ausschlaggebende Rolle spielen.
Carbon-fiber microelectrodes modified with 4-sulfobenzene have increased sensitivity and selectivity for catecholamines

Elliptical and cylindrical geometries of carbon-fiber microelectrodes were modified by covalent attachment of 4-sulfobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate following its electroreduction. Elliptical electrodes fabricated from Thornel P-55 carbon fibers show the highest amount of 4-sulfobenzene attached to the electrode. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to compare the response to dopamine and other neurochemicals at these modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes. The grafted layer causes an increased sensitivity to dopamine and other positively charged analytes that is due to increased adsorption of analyte in the grafted layer. However, this layer remains permeable to negatively charged compounds. Modified electrodes retain the increased sensitivity for dopamine during measurements in mouse brain tissue.
Highly Organized Carbon Nanotube-PDMS Hybrid System for Multifunctional Flexible Devices

We will present a method to fabricate a new class of hybrid composite structures based on highly organized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network architectures and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix for the prototype high performance flexible systems which could be used for many daily-use applications. To build 1–3 dimensional highly organized network architectures with carbon nanotubes (both MWNT and SWNT) in macro/micro/nanoscale we used various nanotube assembly processes such as selective growth of carbon nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and self-assembly of nanotubes on the patterned trenches through solution evaporation with dip coating. Then these vertically or horizontally aligned and assembled nanotube architectures and networks are transferred in PDMS matrix using casting process thereby creating highly organized carbon nanotube based flexible composite structures. The PDMS matrix undergoes excellent conformal filling within the dense nanotube network, giving rise to extremely flexible conducting structures with unique electromechanical properties. We will demonstrate its robustness under large stress conditions, under which the composite is found to retain its conducting nature. We will also demonstrate that these structures can be directly utilized as flexible field-emission devices. Our devices show some of the best field enhancement factors and turn-on electric fields reported so far.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
On-Demand Stereoscopic 3D Displays for Avionic and Military Applications

High speed AM LCD flat panels are evaluated for use in Field Sequential Stereoscopic (FSS) 3D displays for military and avionic applications. A 120 Hz AM LCD is used in field-sequential mode for constructing eyewear-based as well as autostereoscopic 3D display demonstrators for test and evaluation. The COTS eyewear-based system uses shutter glasses to control left-eye/right-eye images. The autostereoscopic system uses a custom backlight to generate illuminating pupils for left and right eyes. It is driven in synchronization with the images on the LCD. Both displays provide 3D effect in full-color and full-resolution in the AM LCD flat panel. We have realized luminance greater than 200 fL in 3D mode with the autostereoscopic system for sunlight readability. The characterization results and performance attributes of both systems are described.
The 2014 Sochi Olympic mega-project and Russia's political economy

This article examines Russia's political economy through the prism of mega-projects, using the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics as a case study. Such projects help Russia's leaders promote the country's image abroad, define development priorities for Russia's urban landscape, and gain support for the incumbent regime. Events like the Olympics help to justify Russia's overall political and economic systems and to funnel state resources to specific regions. By setting investment goals and implementing projects through a closed system that allows for little public input and accountability, mega-projects create numerous corruption opportunities. Ultimately, this system works to benefit a small group of elites, with uncertain contributions to the larger population.
De novo synthesis of oligosaccharides using a palladium-catalyzed glycosylation reaction.

The natural all d- and/or unnatural all l-1,4- and 1,6-oligosaccharides were synthesized from furan alcohols using a palladium-catalyzed glycosylation reaction. The 1,4- and 1,6-α-manno-disaccharides were achieved in seven total steps starting from chiral furan alcohols. Similarly, 1,4- and 1,6-α-manno-trisaccharides were also synthesized in nine total steps. Key to the overall efficiency of this process was the use of highly diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed glycosylations, reductions, and dihydroxylations.
Successful resuscitation after multiple injuries in the wilderness.

Abstract Background Survival of blunt trauma associated with hypothermic and hemorrhagic cardiac arrest in wilderness areas is extremely rare. Case Report We describe a case of a 19-year-old female college sophomore who, while glissading down Mt. Adams, had a 400-pound boulder strike her back and left pelvis, propelling her 40 feet down the mountain to land face down in the snow at 7000 feet. It took 4 h from the time of injury until the arrival of the helicopter at our Emergency Department and Trauma Center. The patient lost vital signs en route and had no CO 2 production. A cardiothoracic surgeon was the trauma surgeon on call. The patient was taken directly from the helipad to the operating room, where cutdowns enabled initial intravenous access, median sternotomy and pericardiotomy open heart massage, massive transfusion, chest and abdominal cavity irrigations with warm saline, correction of acid base imbalances and coagulopathies, and epicardial pacing that led to a successful reanimation of the patient. The patient was rewarmed without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or heat exchangers. The ensuing multiple organ failures (heart, lungs, kidneys, intestines, brain, and immune system) and rhabdomyolysis led to a 2-month intensive care unit stay. She received over 120 units of blood and blood products. The patient regained cognitive function, mobility, and overcame multiple organ failure. Conclusion This report is presented to increase awareness of the potential survivability in hypothermia, and to recognize the heroic efforts of the emergency services personnel whose efforts saved the patient's life.
The N-soliton solution of the Benjamin-Ono equation

Abstract A theorem is deduced that reduces the problem of finding the N-soliton solution of the Benjamin-One equation to that of solving an algebraic equation of degree N.
Strip club: gender, power and sex work

Kim Price-Glynn, New York, New York University Press, 2010, 263 pp., US$75.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8147-6760-3 In Strip club: gender, power and sex work, Kim Price-Glynn offers an intimate look i...
Abnormal fat absorption in tumor-bearing rats.

SummaryAbsorption of triglyceride labeled with I131 in the rat bearing Walker Carcinoma 256 has been studied. The amount of fat recovered from thoracic duct lymph of the tumor rat is significantly less than that recovered from lymph of normal and pair-fed control rats.
A real-time implementable subclass of quadratic time-frequency representations

One of the major obstacles for quadratic time-frequency representations to be used in real (finite)-time applications is the computational complexity. In this paper, a real (finite)-time implementable subclass of Cohen's (1966) class of distributions (CCD) is defined using windowing techniques. The kernel function for each member in this subclass can be characterized by a necessary and sufficient real(finite)-time implementable condition (RTIC) imposed on "global" kernels and "local" kernels in the ambiguity function domain. By choosing special "local" kernels, one can obtain the spectrogram (SPG) and the pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) as special cases of this subclass. Our results show that time-frequency representations suitable for real-time implementation can be obtained that provide better resolution tradeoff between the time and frequency domains than occurs with the SPG and better frequency interference than occurs with the PWVD. >
Anti-Infective Efficacy of Silver-Coated Medical Prostheses

Medical prostheses constitute an indispensable component of modern health care. Like other approaches of medical intervention, the insertion of medical prostheses can be associated with serious complications. The ongoing advances in the mechanical properties of medical prostheses have not necessarily resulted in lower rates of prosthesis-related infection. Infection remains the most common serious complication of medical prostheses. For instance, vascular catheters account for most cases of nosocomial bloodstream infection [1], and catheterrelated urinary tract infection is the most frequent nosocomial infection [2]. Two decades ago, infections associated with medical prostheses accounted for about half of all nosocomial infections [2]. Today, with their increasing use, medical prostheses are expected to cause a larger portion of cases of nosocomial infections, particularly in the subpopulations of immunocompromised, chronically ill, and elderly subjects. Infections associated with medical prostheses result in major morbidity and can be life-threatening. For instance, the mortality associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis ranges from 30% to 80% in patients with early-onset infection and from 20% to 40% in patients with late-onset endocarditis [3]. Often, infections associated with medical prostheses are very expensive to manage, and their cure requires removal of the infected prosthesis. For example, findings from the Dutch Trauma Trial indicated a mean cost of $22,000 (in 1991 dollars) to treat a patient who developed a deep wound infection after internal fixation of a closed fracture [4].
Ethnic-specific perceptions of altered control among American women: implications for health promotion programs after pregnancy.

This study describes some ethnically diverse psychosocial and behavioral contexts that influence low-income postpartum women's ability to focus on their health. Content analysis was conducted on data from ethnically concordant focus groups of low-income American Anglo, African American, and Hispanic women 12 to 24 months postpartum. All women described altered sense of “perceived control” as the context contributing to their postpartum health status, but sources and management of this perception varied by ethnicity. Effective health promotion interventions may include self-image building activities, stress management strategies and interventions that include family members but should address unique ethnic-specific contexts of low-income mothers.
How simulations fail

‘The problem with simulations is that they are doomed to succeed.’ So runs a common criticism of simulations—that they can be used to ‘prove’ anything and are thus of little or no scientific value. While this particular objection represents a minority view, especially among those who work with simulations in a scientific context, it raises a difficult question: what standards should we use to differentiate a simulation that fails from one that succeeds? In this paper we build on a structural analysis of simulation developed in previous work to provide an evaluative account of the variety of ways in which simulations do fail. We expand the structural analysis in terms of the relationship between a simulation and its real-world target emphasizing the important role of aspects intended to correspond and also those specifically intended not to correspond to reality. The result is an outline both of the ways in which simulations can fail and the scientific importance of those various forms of failure.
Analysis of the Static Function of the Popliteus Tendon and Evaluation of an Anatomic Reconstruction The “Fifth Ligament” of the Knee

BackgroundThe popliteus tendon has important dynamic and static stabilizing functions at the knee. Evaluation of its static role as the “fifth ligament” of the knee and a subsequent analysis of a popliteus tendon reconstruction has not been performed.HypothesisIn vitro knee stability can be restored to a popliteus tendon—deficient knee with an anatomic popliteus tendon reconstruction.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsEleven nonpaired cadaveric knees were tested under the following popliteus tendon states: intact, sectioned, and reconstructed using an autogenous semitendinosus graft. Each knee was subjected to 10-N·m varus moments, 5-N·m external and internal torques, and 88-N anterior and posterior loads at flexion angles of 0°, 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. A 6 degrees of freedom electromagnetic motion tracking system was used to assess motion changes of the tibia with respect to the femur.ResultsSignificant increases in external rotation and small but significant increases in internal rotation, v...
Effects of intraarticular IL1-Ra for acute anterior cruciate ligament knee injury: a randomized controlled pilot trial (NCT00332254)

Summary Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of intraarticular IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Methods Eleven patients with acute ACL tear confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were randomized to receive a single intraarticular injection of IL-1Ra (anakinra 150 mg, n = 6) or equal volume of saline placebo (1 ml, n = 5). The double-blinded treatment was administered a mean 2 weeks after injury. Synovial fluid (SF) ( n = 9 patients) and sera (all patients) were available at baseline (prior to injection) and immediately prior to surgery (mean 35 days later) and analyzed for SF IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and serum hyaluronan (HA), an indicator of synovial inflammation. The primary outcome, standardized Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, was obtained at 0 (baseline), 4, and 14 days after injection. Results Compared with placebo, the IL-1Ra group had substantially greater improvement in key outcomes over 14 days (KOOS pain P = 0.001; activities of daily living P = 0.0015; KOOS sports function P = 0.0026; KOOS quality of life (QOL) P = 0.0048; and total KOOS P P = 0.05) and serum HA ( P = 0.03), but not IL-1β, or IL-1Ra, decreased significantly in the IL-1Ra but not the placebo treated patients. Compared with placebo, IL-1α was borderline significantly different in the IL-1Ra treated group ( P = 0.06). Conclusions Administered within the first month following severe knee injury, IL-1Ra reduced knee pain and improved function over a 2-week interval. This promising proof of concept study provides a new paradigm for studies of acute joint injury and suggests that a larger follow-up study is warranted.
New Genus and Species of Fish Blood Fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) from Stoplight Parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788), (Labridae: Scarinae) in the Caribbean Sea

Abstract: Primisanguis caribbeanensis n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infects the stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788), (Labridae: Scarinae) in the Caribbean Sea off La Parguera (17°58′26″N, 67°02′47″W), Puerto Rico. It is most easily distinguished from other nominal aporocotylids by the combination of having an adult body that is approximately 5–10 times longer than wide, a sinistral posterolateral body protuberance, tegumental body spines that are straight (lacking recurved tip) and wrap dorsoventrally around the body margin, posterior ceca that are 2–5 times the anterior ceca length, a single testis that extends lateral to both the ceca and nerve cords, an ovary abutting the posterior margin of the testis, a symmetrical vitellarium and medial primary vitelline duct, a post-cecal and post-gonadal ootype, and a proximal uterus that is extensively convoluted posterior to the ootype and which functions as a uterine seminal receptacle. The new genus lacks a spinous anterior su...
The Role of Pressure in Producing Compositional Diversity in Intraplate Basaltic Magmas

Basaltic magmas found in intraplate suites appear to follow more than one differentiation trend. Many ocean island suites follow the ocean island tholeiitic trend, with the basalts differentiating from olivine tholeiite through basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite to sodic rhyolite. Many continental intraplate magmatic regimes, such as those of the Snake River Plain and the plutonic sequences associated with massif anorthosites, follow the potassic silica-saturated alkalic trend, in which basalt differentiates from olivine tholeiite through ferrobasalt (jotunite or ferrodiorite), Fe-rich intermediate rocks (trachybasalt or monzonite), and trachyte (syenite) to potassic rhyolites and granites. Crystallization experiments on an olivine tholeiite from the Snake River Plain show that the basaltic portions of the ocean island tholeiitic trend and the potassic silica-saturated alkalic trend (which leads to strong alkali, P,Ti, and Fe enrichment and silica depletion) can arise from the same ‘dry’ tholeiitic parental magma. These compositional differences are induced by changes in phase equilibria as a function of pressure, with the ocean island tholeiitic series arising from crystal^liquid differentiation at low pressure and the potassic silica-saturated alkalic series arising via differentiation at elevated pressures.
Bending fatigue life characterisation of direct metal laser sintering nickel alloy 718

Bending fatigue behaviour of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), Nickel (Ni) Alloy 718 has been assessed as preliminary qualification to additively manufacture advanced gas turbine engine components. Motivation for this work comes from the possibility of using DMLS to improve functionality of hot-section components. By using DMLS, turbine blades and heat exchangers cooling passages can be enhanced, leading to improved engine performance. This study focuses on vibratory high cycle fatigue (HCF) assessment of DMLS Ni Alloy 718 from two suppliers. Specimens were fatigued via vibration-based bending and compared with published rotating bending cold-rolled Ni Alloy 718. Tensile analysis and microscopy were also conducted to understand fatigue and fracture trends. HCF, tensile properties and microscopy comparisons show that fatigue and strength of DMLS Ni may be sensitive to post-fusion treatments. Nonetheless, fatigue performance of DMLS Ni compares well with rotating bending fatigue of cold-rolled Ni.
SeeDB: automatically generating query visualizations

Data analysts operating on large volumes of data often rely on visualizations to interpret the results of queries. However, finding the right visualization for a query is a laborious and time-consuming task. We demonstrate SeeDB, a system that partially automates this task: given a query, SeeDB explores the space of all possible visualizations, and automatically identifies and recommends to the analyst those visualizations it finds to be most "interesting" or "useful". In our demonstration, conference attendees will see SeeDB in action for a variety of queries on multiple real-world datasets.
Topology error identification using a two-stage DC state estimator

One of the fundamental tenets in deregulation of the power system is to provide fair and open access to transmission facilities. This requires that market participants, both power brokers and generation companies, have complete and timely information as to the transmission availability. The present system of posting available transmission capacities (ATC) is useful but limited because there is no information to predict how these ATCs will change with changing power transfers. It has been proposed that all traders have access to the real-time data of the full transmission model, i.e., state estimator results from the control centers, but this may be too complex and voluminous to be useful to the traders. Instead, making DC power flow data for real-time conditions may provide enough transmission data for traders to make knowledgeable decisions. In this paper, we show how the results of a DC state estimator can be accurately made available to all concerned.
Design of Magneto-Optical Ring Isolator on SOI Based on the Finite-Element Method

In this letter, we present the design of an integrated optical isolator realized by bonding a silicon micro-ring resonator with a Ce:YIG garnet. The nonreciprocal phase shift effect induced by applying a radial magnetic field has been studied using the finite-element method; numerical results clearly point out how to optimize the thickness of the silicon ring and Ce:YIG garnet in order to maximize the nonreciprocal effect between the forward and backward TM modes.
Methyl halides as carbon sources in a hot-filament diamond CVD reactor: A new gas phase growth species

Equal amounts of carbon-12 methyl halides and carbon-13 methane, along with hydrogen, have been introduced into a hot-filament diamond CVD chamber. The isotopic ratios of the as-deposited diamond films on tantalum have been measured by Raman spectroscopy. It was found that methyl chloride yielded carbon-12 enriched diamond films, while the other methyl halides resulted in equal amounts of carbon-13 and carbon-12 in the films. Furthermore, the carbon-12 enrichment was more enhanced as the substrate temperature was lowered. Matrix-isolation FTIR analyses of the gas samples collected during the deposition indicated that there was no straightforward agreement between the 12 C/ 13 C ratios of the gas phase species, methane and acetylene, and that of the diamond films. The results imply the presence of a new chlorocarbon radical such as CH 2 Cl, which is postulated as a more effective growth species than the methyl radical.
Wave-Function Expansion in the Brillouin Zone: Silicon

Wave functions are required throughout the Brillouin zone for the treatment of many problems in solid-state physics. It therefore is of interest and considerable importance to develop analytical representations of the k dependence of wave functions throughout the Brillouin zone. In this paper the momentum wave functions ${b}_{n}(\mathbf{k},{\mathbf{K}}_{s})$ in the plane-wave expansion of the Bloch function ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{n}(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{r})$ are considered. An analytical representation for the ${b}_{n}(\mathbf{k},{\mathbf{K}}_{s})$ based on a set of symmetrized polynomials is proposed. The specific polynomials, although they pertain to general points in the Brillouin zone, are somewhat analogous to the Kubic harmonics employed in the cellular method. A primary distinction, however, is that while formerly one was concerned with space-group operations in the group of the k vector, here we are concerned with operations in the group of the ${\mathbf{K}}_{s}$ vector for which ${\mathbf{K}}_{s}$ in ${b}_{n}(\mathbf{k},{\mathbf{K}}_{s})$ is left invariant.
Evidence from CD spectra and melting temperatures for stable Hoogsteen-paired oligomer duplexes derived from DNA and hybrid triplexes

The pyr*pur·pyr type of nucleic acid triplex has a purine strand that is Hoogsteen-paired with a parallel pyrimidine strand (pyr*pur pair) and that is Watson‐Crickpaired with an antiparallel pyrimidine strand (pur·pyr pair). In most cases, the Watson‐Crick pair is more stable than the Hoogsteen pair, although stable formation of DNA Hoogsteen-paired duplexes has been reported. Using oligomer triplexes of repeating d(AG) 12 and d(CT) 12 or r(CU) 12 sequences that were 24 nt long, we found that hybrid RNA*DNA as well as DNA*DNA Hoogsteen-paired strands of triplexes can be more stable than the Watson‐Crick-paired strands at low pH. The structures and relative stabilities of these duplexes and triplexes were evaluated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and UV absorption melting studies of triplexes as a function of pH. The CD contributions of Hoogsteen-paired RNA*DNA and DNA*DNA duplexes were found to dominate the CD spectra of the corresponding pyr*pur·pyr triplexes.
Inflammation- and lipid metabolism-related gene network expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots of Holstein cows.

Abstract This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of energy overfeeding on gene expression in mesenteric (MAT), omental (OAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue (AT) from nonpregnant and nonlactating Holstein cows. Eighteen cows were randomly assigned to either a controlled energy [LE, net energy for lactation (NE L )=1.35Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM)] or moderate energy-overfed group (HE, NE L =1.62Mcal/kg of DM) for 8 wk. Cows were then euthanized and subsamples of MAT, OAT, and SAT were harvested for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR of 34 genes involved in lipogenesis, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, lactate signaling, hepatokine signaling, lipolysis, transcription regulation, and inflammation. The interaction of dietary energy and adipose depot was not significant for any gene analyzed except LPL , which indicated a consistent response to diet. Expression of ACACA and FASN was greater in SAT than MAT, whereas expression of SCD and ADFP were greatest in SAT, intermediate in OAT, and lowest in MAT. However, the 2 visceral depots had greater expression of THRSP , ACLY , LPL , FABP4 , GPAM , and LPIN1 compared with SAT. The transcription factor SREBF1 was more highly expressed in MAT and SAT than in OAT. The expression of PNPLA2 was greater in visceral AT sites than in SAT, but other lipolysis-related genes were not differentially expressed among AT depots. Visceral AT depots had greater expression of LEP , ADIPOQ , and SAA3 compared with SAT. Moreover, MAT had greater expression than SAT of proinflammatory cytokines ( IL1B and IL6 ), IL6 receptor ( IL6R ), and chemokines ( CCL2 and CCL5 ). However, TNF expression was greatest in SAT, lowest in OAT, and intermediate in MAT. Overall, results indicated that visceral AT might be more active in uptake of preformed long-chain fatty acids than SAT, whereas de novo fatty acid synthesis could make a greater contribution to the intracellular pool of fatty acids in SAT than in visceral AT. The visceral AT compared with SAT seem to have a greater capacity for expression (and potentially for secretion) of proinflammatory cytokines; thus, excessive accumulation of visceral lipid due to a long-term overfeeding energy may be detrimental to liver function and overall health of dairy cows, particularly during the transition period.
'Financing Development' as a Field of Practice, Study and Innovation

Access to financial capital is an important determinant of the prospects for development of poor countries. This short essay makes the case for treating the legal aspects of financing development as an important field of study. It begins by describing the kinds of transactions that might be of interest and highlights the role that law and lawyers play in shaping the terms that govern them. The next step is to argue in favor of a holistic approach to the topic. This involves resisting efforts to fragment the field by, for example, drawing sharp distinctions between transactions that involve public as opposed to private parties, or between commercial transactions on the one hand and charity or aid on the other hand. The rest of the essay offers a somewhat speculative discussion of a possible research agenda. The discussion covers both potential research topics - ranging from the governance of international financial organizations to the loan agreements used by microfinance institutions - and methods of approaching them.
Freier Fall [Free Fall]

The major focus of this review is to validate the film's treatment of its bisexual character, Marc. In this Journal, I have published two articles about married men who identify as gay or bisexual....
Detection of Rsp and modifier variation in the meiotic drive system Segregation distorter (SD) of Drosophila melanogaster

Identification of allelic variability at the two major loci ( Sd and Rsp) that interact to cause sperm dysfunction in Segregation distorter (SD) males of D. melanogaster has been hampered by the difficulty in separating the elements recombinationally. In addition, small differences in the strength of Sd alleles or sensitivities of Rsp alleles to Sd are difficult to measure against background genetic or environmental variation. Viability effects of the markers used to score progeny classes may also introduce a bias. Removal of Sd and E(SD) from their second chromosome location to create a Dp(2;Y)Sd E(SD) chromosome eliminates these problems, since any combination of Rsp alleles can be easily tested without resorting to recombinational techniques. Further, since these pairs of Rsp alleles are compared in their response to Dp Sd E(SD) in the same individual males, background variation and viability effects can be easily removed to allow finescale resolution of Rsp differences. Tests of all possible pairwise combination of six laboratory chromosomes in this way revealed at least three and possibly four different Rsp allelic classes. In addition, the hierarchical nature of the tests further allowed for determination of the presence of linked suppressors or enhancers of Sd activity. A sample of 11 second chromosomes selected from a group recently isolated from a natural population was also unambiguously ordered as to Rsp allelic status using this approach. The resultant pattern was similar to that obtained for the laboratory chromosomes, except for the not unexpected observation that the natural population apparently harbored more drive suppressors. The pattern of results obtained from these pairwise combinations of Rsp alleles supports the notion that there are no dominance interactions within the group, but that each responds more or less independently to Sd in giving sperm dysfunction.
Post-Buckling Strength of Wide-Flange Beams

Results of series of experiments to study behavior of short, laterally braced wide-flange beams; determination of maximum permissible spacing of lateral supports for beams subjected to constant plastic moment, and post-buckling strength of relatively short beams; beams longer than 45 r y failed because of lateral buckling.
Combining Participatory Rural Appraisal and Group Model Building Techniques for NREGA Evaluation at Village Level

Monitoring and Evaluation of the NREGS is a critical attribute mandated by the act itself and is done as a third party social audit (mandatory as per the ministry of rural development) or an ME however, it has limitations in enhancing the understanding of the system and rationale of implementation of the scheme. Group Model Building (GMB) processes can be applied in dynamically complex situations including the multifactorial and daedal policies as NREGA. This process too, invokes the participation of multiple stakeholders involved in the problem or the situation (required to be analyzed) and eventually creates a more shared understanding of the dynamics and impending actions to improve the situation.
Negative-pressure pulmonary edema following a lateral internal sphincterotomy.

ABSTRACTNegative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is an infrequent but known postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia. We report a case of a healthy 24-year-old man requiring intensive care unit management for NPPE following a routine surgical procedure. This article discusses how rare but serious the complication of NPPE can be; it also describes the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment from one institution’s experience.
Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of Abbott (40557) and its interaction with aminophylline.

Adenosine is a naturally occurring substance with potent coronary vasodilator action. However, its action is of short duration due to its rapid inactivation in blood and other tissues (1). If used for therapeutic purposes a prolonged duration of action might be desirable. A recent adenosine derivative (Abbott 40557) ethyl-adenosine-5′-carboxylate hydrochloride has marked and prolonged coronary vasodilator activity (2, 3). The present report concerns the coronary and systemic hemodynamic and metabolic effects of A 40557 and attempts to determine whether, like adenosine, its action is enhanced by dipyridamole (4, 5), hexobendine (6), and Cassella 7657 (7) or inhibited by aminophylline (8, 9).
Preparation and Characterization of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 Based Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications

The use of pyroelectric thin films in uncooled IR detectors has many advantages over the present IR detector technology, which requires extensive cooling for operation. These advantages include reduced weight, reduced footprint, reduced complexity, increased reliability, and decreased maintenance. Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST), based thin films are ideal candidates for use in these devices due to their tailorable materials properties. These properties include a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high electrical resistivity, as well as a high pyroelectric constant. BST thin films were doped with Mg in varying amounts, from 0 to 20mol%. The thin films were deposited via metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Annealing temperatures ranged from 500 to 750 °C. The films were characterized for structural, microstructural, compositional, surface morphological, dielectric and insulating properties. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD) was used to determine crystallinity, phase formation and film orientation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to access surface morphology and microstructure. The Materials Detectivity Figure of Merit (FOM), D*, [D*= pi /(C V (e0e r tanδ)1/2] was used to evaluate the film's detectivity response. Our results show that undoped Ba60Sr40TiO3, with a value D*= 0.08 (cm3/J)1/2, appears to out perform Pb based pyroelectric thin films, thus making it a viable candidate for IR pyroelectric detector applications.
Perspectiva Masculina: An Exploration of Intimate Partners of Latina Breast Cancer Survivors

After receiving a cancer diagnosis, couples commonly face significant difficulties such as adjusting to new family roles, diminishing cohesion and communication, and increases in marital conflict. ...
The Vulnerable Academic: Personal Narratives and Strategic De/Colonizing of Academic Structures

In this article, I use vulnerable personal narratives to demonstrate how de/colonizing and microaggressive discourses intersect in higher education in the United States. Arguing that vulnerability ...
The Progress of Hemorrhagic Transformation after Cerebral Infarction

This article reviews the types and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation(HT) after cerebral infarction, as well as the possible mechanisms of HT. We also discuss the effect of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) on HT and the management of HT which will be helpful to the clinical treatment and research.
Search for dark photon production at BaBar

We present a search for a dark photon, a new massive vector boson interacting weakly with Standard Model particles, using data collected with the BaBar detector. No statistically significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are seen, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the mixing strength between the photon and dark photon are set at the level of 10^(-4)–10^(-3) for dark photon masses in the range 0.02 – 10.2 GeV.
Random Dynamical Systems and Selected Works of Rabi Bhattacharya

The topic of random dynamical systems is extremely broad. However the focus of Rabi Bhattacharya’s work in this area is largely from the perspective of discrete parameter Markov processes on a general state space S, equipped with a suitable sigmafield \(\mathcal{S}\) of measurable subsets. Such Markov processes are either prescribed as evolutions defined by i.i.d. iterated random maps from S to S, or by such a representation theorem that holds for any discrete parameter Markov processes having stationary transition probabilities on a Borel subset S of a Polish space, with Borel sigmafield \(\mathcal{S}\). A theme of much of Rabi’s work is that of existence and uniqueness of invariant probabilities under conditions in which the Markov process may not be irreducible. These and corresponding problems concerning rates of convergence and various asymptotic limit theorems are representative of the research addressed here. Applications, particularly to geosciences and economics, are also a main theme of Rabi’s body of work in this area; however, these will be covered in separate essays and not treated here. The co-authored texts [6, 11] include a variety of such applications.
Estimates of the $$\varvec{L^p}$$ Norms of the Bergman Projection on Strongly Pseudoconvex Domains

We give estimates of the \(L^p\) norm of the Bergman projection on a strongly pseudoconvex domain in \(\mathbb {C}^n\). We show that this norm is comparable to \(\frac{p^2}{p - 1}\) for \(1<p< \infty \).
Multichannel Acoustic Reflection Profiling of Ocean Watermass Temperature/Salinity Interfaces

Multichannel seismic reflection data acquired off the Grand Banks have been analyzed to detect, enhance and map reflections from near-surface acoustic impedance interfaces in the ocean watermass. Temporal high pass (25 Hz) and spatial F-K filtering techniques were used to suppress the dominant, outgoing direct wave of the airgun primary pulse and its bubble wavetrain in order to recover weak reflections across a 48-channel, 2400 meter long hydrophone streamer. Comparison of the velocity-depth profiles obtained from normal moveout (NMO) stacking analyses of the common depth point (CDP) processed reflection data with hydrographic profiles, derived from expendable bathythermograph measurements made during the seismic survey, suggest that the observed reflection horizons emanate from 1) the base of a warm seasonal surface duct, 2) a thin layer of less-saline Labrador sea water overlying the Gulfstream 3) the top of the main thermocline, and 4) an interfaces just above the deep sound channel (SOFAR) axis.
A Comparison of Energy Consumption in Wire-based and Powder-based Additive-subtractive Manufacturing

The objective of this work is to compare the energy consumption associated with the creation of a small volume of steel by wire-based additive-subtractive manufacturing and powder-based additive-subtractive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is a growing area of research, encompassing many different processes aimed at producing final products. However, many additive processes lack the ability to achieve dimensional tolerance and surface finish required for many applications: i.e., post-processing could be required. Combining additive with subtractive manufacturing in one machine tool enables the production of parts with tighter dimensional tolerances and smoother surfaces. In this work, an energy consumption model was created; it considered the contributions of primary metal production, deposition, and machining when calculating the total energy consumed to create a 100mm x 100mm x 1.5mm volume of steel. It was found that for the entire process chain, the wire-based and powder-based processes consume similar amounts of energy. The greatest difference between the two processes is that the energy requirement for the deposition component during the wire-based process is 85% less than in the powder-based additive process. This finding suggests that from an energy consumption perspective, there is value in wire-based additive-subtractive manufacturing.
Chapter 8 - Heterojunction Photodetectors for Optical Communications

Publisher Summary The development of lightwave systems for optical communications and high-speed data transmission has been one of the primary driving forces for research on photodetectors. Much of the research and development on lightwave communication systems was focused on long-haul, high-bit-rate applications. The performance of photodetectors can be evaluated in terms of three primary characteristics: responsivity, noise, and bandwidth. The responsivity is the most fundamental parameter because it is a measure of how well the photodiode converts the incident optical signal into current. The noise of the photodetector and its bandwidth are crucial factors in designing and determining the performance limits of lightwave systems. The photodetector noise can be a limitation on the minimum signal level needed to achieve a specified bit error rate. The bandwidth must be sufficient to accommodate the transmission rate. This chapter discusses the ways in which heterojunctions have been used to improve the responsivity, increase the bandwidth, and lower the noise of photodetectors for lightwave systems.
Communication: What Objects Tell Us

Different definitions of the term are offered from communication theorists. Roman Jakobson’s model of communication process is described. Importance of nonverbal communication is mentioned along with the way messages are transmitted through language or other methods. Umberto Eco’s definition of a sign is mentioned along with his caution that signs can be used to lie.
More to the story: how the medical humanities can learn from and enrich health communication studies

ABSTRACTThe fields of communication studies and the medical humanities intersect and inform each other in interesting and important ways; and yet, these connections are rarely made explicit. As such, this special collection of articles from scholars in diverse fields such as disability studies, communication studies, the medical humanities, philosophy, and medicine discuss the ways that these fields diverge and converge and what we can learn from one another when we dissolve disciplinary divisions. In this Guest Editor’s Introduction, I explore broadly how health communication studies informs the medical humanities and medical education, as well as how embracing the philosophical, pedagogical, and methodological approaches of the medical humanities can, in turn, expand and enrich health communication studies. I make my argument by drawing on the various ways the medical humanities can inform communication studies, as illustrated by the essays included in this special issue: by offering more expansive noti...
Kinect V2 Performance Assessment in Daily-Life Gestures: Cohort Study on Healthy Subjects for a Reference Database for Automated Instrumental Evaluations on Neurological Patients

Background. The increase of sanitary costs related to poststroke rehabilitation requires new sustainable and cost-effective strategies for promoting autonomous and dehospitalized motor training. In the Riprendo@Home and Future Home for Future Communities research projects, the promising approach of introducing low-cost technologies that promote home rehabilitation is exploited. In order to provide reliable evaluation of patients, a reference database of healthy people’s performances is required and should consider variability related to healthy people performances. Methods. 78 healthy subjects performed several repetitions of daily-life gestures, the reaching movement (RM) and hand-to-mouth (HtMM) movement with both the dominant and nondominant upper limbs. Movements were recorded with a Kinect V2. A synthetic biomechanical protocol based on kinematical, dynamical, and motor control parameters was used to assess motor performance of the healthy people. The investigation was conducted by clustering participants depending on their limb dominancy (right/left), gender (male/female), and age (young/middle/senior) as sources of variability. Results. Results showed that limb dominancy has minor relevance in affecting RM and HtMM; gender has relevance in affecting the HtMM; age has major effect in affecting RM and HtMM. Conclusions. An investigation of healthy subjects’ upper limb performances during daily-life gestures was performed with the Kinect V2 sensor. Findings will be the basis for a database of normative data for neurological patients’ motor evaluation.