cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Village Committee Elections in China: Institutionalist Tactics for Democracy

Earlier institutionalist studies in Chinese politics have shown how conservatives and local bureaucrats took advantage of institutional designs in the Leninist system of the People's Republic of China to delay and undermine the implementation of reforms. There has been less discussion of how reformers adapted their strategies to existing institutional constraints to overcome the opposition of conservatives. Using the implementation process of the Organic Law of the Village Committees, this article describes how the reformers adapted to the Chinese institutional setting to promote political reform over opposition at the elite and local levels.As the case of the village elections shows, the reformers in China designed a strategy to promote reform incrementally. Each step along the way was arranged to appear to be a natural response to the interaction between the initial reform policy and unforeseen consequences brought about by the previous policy. In this process, reformers deliberately manipulated a crucial variable—time—to bring about gradual change in the important actor, that is, the peasants, from spectators into participants, and thereby to change the balance of power between proponents and opponents of the reform. Other political players were also carefully enfranchised at different stages of the implementation process to help reformers in their struggle against conservatives.
anti-1′,6′,7′,8′,9′,14′,15′,16′-Octa­chloro­dispiro­[1,3-dioxolane-2,17′-penta­cyclo­[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octa­decane-18′,2′′-1,3-dioxolane]-7′,15′-diene

The title compound, C22H20Cl8O4, was prepared as part of the synthesis of precursors for the preparation of fluorinated mol­ecular tweezers. The mol­ecule sits on an inversion center, thus requiring that the cyclo­octane ring adopt a chair conformation.
Experience with Grapevine (Summary): the growth of a distributed system

Grapevine is a distributed, replicated system that provides message delivery, naming, authentication, resource location, and access control services in an internet of computers. The system, described in a previous paper [1], was designed and implemented several years ago. We now have had operational experience with the system under substantial load. This experience has proved the original design sound in most aspects, but there also have been some surprises. In this paper we report what we have learned from using Grapevine. Our experience may offer some help to designers of new systems.Grapevine is implemented as a program that is run on a set of dedicated server computers. Client programs o f Grapevine run on various workstation and server computers attached to an internet. The services provided by Grapevine are divided into the message service and the registration service.The message service accepts messages prepared by clients for delivery to individual recipients and distribution lists. Messages are buffered in inboxes on message servers until the recipient requests them. Any message server can accept any message for delivery, thus providing a replicated submission service. A computer system mall user has inboxes on at least two message servers, thus replicating the delivery path for the user.
Evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of the proteins of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar phosphotransferase system

The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) found in enteric bacteria is a complex enzyme system consisting of a non-sugar-specific phospho-transfer protein called Enzyme I, two small non-sugar-specific phosphocarrier substrates of Enzyme I, designated HPr and FPr, and at least 11 sugar-specific Enzymes II or Enzyme II-III pairs which are phosphorylated at the expense of phospho-HPr or phospho-FPr. In this communication, evidence is presented which suggests that these proteins share a common evolutionary origin and that a fructose-specific phosphotransferase may have been the primordial ancestor of them all. The evidence results from an evaluation of (1) PTS protein sequence data; (2) structural analysis of operons encoding proteins of the PTS; (3) genetic regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of these operons; (4) enzymatic characteristics of the PTS systems; (5) immunological cross reactivities of these proteins; (6) comparative studies of phosphotransferase systems from evolutionarily divergent bacteria; (7) the nature of the phosphorylated protein intermediates; (8) molecular weight comparisons among the different Enzymes II and Enzyme II-III pairs; and (9) interaction studies involving different PTS protein constituents. The evidence leads to a unifying theory concerning the evolutionary origin of the system, explains many structural, functional, and regulatory properties of the phosphotransferase system, and leads to specific predictions which should guide future research concerned with genetic, biochemical, and physiological aspects of the system.
Improved boundary–integral equation method for time‐dependent inelastic deformation in metals

Efficient solution of boundary-value problems for time-dependent inelastic deformation in metallic structures are generally solved by finite element methods and separate descriptions for time-independent plasticity and time-dependent creep are normally used. The boundary-integral equation method was recently applied for the first time to such problems. A very efficient numerical implementation of the method with a linear description of the relevant variables over each boundary element and a newly developed Euler type time-integration scheme with automatic time-step control for time integration is presented. Numerical results for plates in plane stress with and without cutouts, under different loading histories, are presented. A combined creep-plasticity constitutive theory with state variables is used to model material behavior. The results are more accurate and are obtained with much less computational effort compared to a previous attempt with an uniform description of variables over each boundary element and a predictor--corrector scheme for time-integration. The computer program developed is quite general and can handle plane stress problems for plates of arbitrary shapes subjected to arbitrary time-histories of loadings. The numerical results presented in the paper are for certain illustrative problems.
ATTITUDES OF OLDER WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA TOWARDS NEW PARTNERSHIPS

This article is based on a study of older Canadian widows, supplemented by ongoing work with widowers. Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted in New Brunswick with women over fifty whose husbands had died within the past seven years. Most of the widows did not wish to remarry because they felt they had already had the best possible husband, had suffered with his loss, and did not want to schedule their lives around a new husband. Cautionary tales about the risks of remarriage were widespread. Norms regarding interactions between men and women are ambiguous, the motives of men are not always clear, and changed sexual mores present challenges as do the reactions of adult children to a potential relationship. Widows often need to find creative new ways to interact safely with men in order to avoid misunderstandings both about their interest in remarriage or their desire or lack of desire to engage in intimate activity. The article includes a discussion also of widowers’ attitudes towards repartnering.
Nucleation behavior of melted Bi films at cooling rates from 101 to 104K/s studied by combining scanning AC and DC nano-calorimetry techniques

Abstract We study the nucleation behavior of undercooled liquid Bi at cooling rates ranging from 101 to 104 K/s using a combination of scanning DC and AC nano-calorimetry techniques. Upon initial melting, the Bi thin-film sample breaks up into silicon nitride-coated isolated islands. The number of islands in a typical sample is sufficiently large that highly repeatable nucleation behavior is observed, despite the stochastic nature of the nucleation process. We establish a data reduction technique to evaluate the nucleation rate from DC and AC calorimetry results. The results show that the driving force for the nucleation of melted Bi is well described by classical nucleation theory over a wide range of cooling rates. The proposed technique provides a unique and efficient way to examine nucleation kinetics with cooling rates over several orders of magnitude. The technique is quite general and can be used to evaluate reaction kinetics in other materials.
Early Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Alterations in Femorotibial Joints of Partial Medial Meniscectomized Guinea Pigs

The articular cartilage from femorotibial joints of partial medial meniscectomized male guinea pigs was evaluated at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-surgery to determine the sequential histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations. At 24 hours post-surgery, histopathologic alterations were in the superficial and middle layers and consisted of degeneration and necrosis of chondrocytes and minimal decreased intensity of toluidine blue matrix staining. Changes in chondrocytes and matrix became progressively more extensive 48 hours after surgery. Ultrastructurally, the changes in the superficial matrix appeared to be the result of loss of the fine granular material interspersed between collagen fibers. At 72 and 96 hours post-surgery, chondrocyte loss was extensive and surface fibrillation was seen. These findings suggested that chondrocyte death was the initial important event which led to progressive severe cartilage degeneration in this model.
Potent Inhibition of Human Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase by Suramin

Abstract Suramin, a bis-hexasulfonated napthylurea, was studied as an inhibitor of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), a crucial enzyme in folate metabolism. Suramin is a more potent (IC50, 0.9 μ M ) inhibitor of FPGS partially purified from CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells than is bromosulfophthalein (IC50, 17 μ M ), the first reported nonsubstrate-analog inhibitor of FPGS (J. J. McGuireet al., Adv. Exptl. Med. Biol.163, 199, 1983). FPGS inhibition by suramin is reversed by bovine serum albumin (which binds suramin). Suramin is a noncompetitive inhibitor with aminopterin (Kii= 0.9 μ M ;Kis= 1.1 μ M ) and glutamic acid (Kii= 1.0 μ M ;Kis= 5.2 μ M ) as the variable substrates; suramin inhibition tends toward being competitive with respect to the third FPGS substrate, ATP (Kii= 3.4 μ M ;Kis= 0.35 μ M ), since the major effect is on itsKm. Suramin is a much less potent inhibitor of two other folate-dependent enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase (IC50, 38 μ M ; methotrexate (MTX), 0.6 n M ) and thymidylate synthase (IC50, 87 μ M ; MTX, 48 μ M ). The effects of suramin on growth of CCRF-CEM cells and a MTX-resistant subline (R30dm) expressing low levels of FPGS activity were determined. R30dm is slightly collaterally sensitive to suramin consistent with FPGS inhibition contributing to the cytotoxic mechanism. These data, and those of Rideoutet al.(Int. J. Cancer61, 840, 1995), demonstrating that the reduced folate carrier system of CCRF-CEM is inhibited, suggest that inhibition of folate metabolism could be involved in the mechanism of action of suramin.
The Scope of Justice for Muslim Americans: Moral Exclusion in the Aftermath of 9/11

This paper details a social psychological study of prejudice and moral exclusion. We investigated whether participants, 47 non-Muslim U.S. citizens enrolled at a Midwestern university, considered Muslim Americans to be within their scope of justice, and whether principles of fairness, restitution, and corrective intervention would be applied to a stimulus Muslim family. Only about one-third of the sample indicated that the Muslim family fell within their scope of justice. Open-ended responses yielded three patterns: (1) threat and revenge toward the out-group; (2) concern with the rights of out-group members; and (3) disconnection from the out-group, along with ambivalence about justice issues. Although explicitly racist statements were detected, so too was a recognition of
Ordered nanoporous polymers from polystyrene-polylactide block copolymers.

Nanoporous polystyrene monoliths were prepared from polystyrene−polylactide (PS−PLA) block copolymers that form hexagonally packed nanocylinders of PLA in a PS matrix. A morphology diagram was developed to determine the range in composition and molecular weight over which this morphology existed. Macroscopic alignment of these materials gave anisotropic monoliths that were subjected to mild degradation conditions leading to the chemical etching of the PLA. The resulting nanoporous monoliths consisted of a polystyrene matrix containing hexagonally close-packed, oriented, and continuous nanoscopic channels (pore size was tunable through synthesis or blending) lined with chemically accessible hydroxyl functional groups. Both the precursors and the porous materials were analyzed moleculary (size-exclusion chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and structurally (small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry). In addition, the surfa...
Derivation and High Engraftment of Patient-Specific Cardiomyocyte Sheet Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated From Adult Cardiac Fibroblast

Background—Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into potentially unlimited lineages of cell types for use in autologous cell therapy. However, the efficiency of the differentiation procedure and subsequent function of the iPSC-derived cells may be influenced by epigenetic factors that the iPSCs retain from their tissues of origin; thus, iPSC-derived cells may be more effective for treatment of myocardial injury if the iPSCs were engineered from cardiac-lineage cells, rather than dermal fibroblasts. Methods and Results—We show that human cardiac iPSCs (hciPSCs) can be generated from cardiac fibroblasts and subsequently differentiated into exceptionally pure (>92%) sheets of cardiomyocytes (CMs). The hciPSCs passed through all the normal stages of differentiation before assuming a CM identity. When using the fibrin gel–enhanced delivery of hciPSC-CM sheets at the site of injury in infarcted mouse hearts, the engraftment rate was 31.91%±5.75% at Day 28 post transplantation. The hciPSC...
Molecular dynamics modeling of the structure, dynamics and energetics of mineral–water interfaces: Application to cement materials

This paper reviews molecular modeling studies of water structure in nano-confinement and at fluid–solid interfaces and presents new molecular dynamics (MD) modeling results for water on the surface of tobermorite. MD modeling provides detailed information about the structure, dynamics and energetics of water at solid surfaces and in confinement that can add significant additional molecular scale insight to experimental results. For the tobermorite (001) surface the results show strong structuring of water in the channels between the drietkette silicate chains and above the surface due to the development of an integrated H-bond network involving the water and the surface sites. Calculated diffusion coefficients for the surface-associated water are in good agreement with published experimental results.
CONTROL OF ISOCITRATASE FORMATION IN RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS

Wegener, Warner S. (University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio), and Antonio H. Romano. Control of isocitratase formation in Rhizopus nigricans. J. Bacteriol. 87:156–161. 1964.—A fumaric acid-producing strain of Rhizopus nigricans was found to produce a fair level of isocitratase in a casein hydrolysate medium. Glucose repressed enzyme formation. When glucose was utilized during growth, there was a relief of repression, and enzyme synthesis was resumed at a rate equivalent to that found in nonrepressed cells. Zinc stimulated isocitratase formation in glucose-repressed cultures by stimulating growth and glucose utilization, thereby decreasing accumulation of repressor metabolites derived from glucose. The effectiveness of acetate as an inducer was greater on glucose-repressed cells than on nonrepressed cells; cells grown in the presence of glucose formed higher levels of isocitratase when subsequently replaced with an acetate-containing inductive medium than did cells grown without glucose. Moreover, addition of 2 ppm of Zn++ during the inductive replacement phase resulted in a twofold increase in isocitratase formation. The hypothesis is submitted that Zn++ exerts its action by stimulating ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, thereby facilitating the formation of a specific RNA during induction. Preliminary evidence implicating Zn++ in the stimulation of RNA synthesis in this organism is presented.
Teacher Personal information management PIM practices: Finding, keeping, and Re-Finding information

Primary and secondary K-12 teachers form the essential core of children's formal learning before adulthood. Even though teaching is a mainstream, information-rich profession, teachers are understudied as information users. More specifically, not much is known about teacher personal information management PIM. Teacher PIM is critically important, as teachers navigate a complex information space complicated by the duality of digital and physical information streams and changing demands on instruction. Our research study increases understanding of teacher PIM and informs the development of tools to support educators. Some important unknowns exist about teachers as information users: What are teachers' PIM practices? What are the perceived consequences of these practices for teaching and learning? How can PIM practices be facilitated to benefit teaching and learning? This study employed a qualitative research design, with interviews from 24 primary and secondary teachers. We observed various systems for information organization, and teachers report their systems to be effective. Important sources for teachers' information in order of importance are personal collections, close colleagues, and the Internet. Key findings reveal that inheriting and sharing information play an important part in information acquisition for teachers and that information technology supporting education creates unintentional demands on information management. The findings on the nature of teacher information, teacher information finding, keeping, and organizational practices have important implications for teachers themselves, school principals, digital library developers, school librarians, curriculum developers, educational technology developers, and educational policy makers.
Copyright Protection of Computer Software, Reverse Engineering, and Professor Miller

The debate continues to rage over the proper place of computer programs within the copyright protective scheme. The debate is not over copying of code for resale or for the purpose of creating a usable second program to accomplish the function intended by its author, but rather, over what other aspects of program technology, beyond literal code, should be protected by the copyright in the program. There are three associated problems: the scope of copyright protection in a program; the copyright protection of interfaces, especially user interfaces; and the reverse engineering of programs. Professor Arthur R. Miller recently contributed to the ongoing debate with his article reviewing the development of copyright protection for programs in the United States and criticizing Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc., which held that the reverse analysis of a program can constitute a non-infringing fair use. Professor Miller is comfortable with bringing broad aspects of software technology, beyond program code, under the copyright umbrella, but he never explicitly attempts to justify the fundamental policy switch from patent protection to copyright protection. Computer programs are a unique class of copyright-protected work because of their inherent functionality. While program code has been brought within copyright protection for good reason, going beyond code to protect functional aspects of computer programs requires policy justification. This article demonstrates that Professor Miller’s arguments neither make the case even as a matter of technical copyright interpretation nor a as a policy justification for ignoring functionality. In short, the Sega court got it right.
Alzheimer's disease fibroblasts have normal repair of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage determined by the alkaline elution technique

Abstract Cultured fibroblast strains from two normal persons and from two patients with the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease were exposed to the alkylating chemical N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Immediately after exposure and also after a 24-h repair incubation period the single-strand breaks in the cells DNA were quantified by the alkaline elution technique. In contrast to a report by others using alkaline elution, MNNG, and these same strains, we found no evidence of deficient repair of MNNG-induced DNA damage in the Alzheimer's disease cells. The putative DNA repair defect in Alzheimer's disease should be investigated by methods other than the alkaline elution technique which measures only a small fraction of the damage induced by an alkylating chemical such as MNNG.
Factors associated with pain interference in an epidemiologic sample of adults with bipolar I disorder

Objective Epidemiologic studies have found that major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders are associated with pain. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and correlates of pain in bipolar I disorder (BD).
Errors in DNA Self-Assembly by Synthesized Tile Sets

This paper presents a study of errors that occur in DNA self-assembly using synthesized tile sets for template manufacturing. It is shown that due to the reduced size, aggregates assembled by a synthesized tile set are not error-free as those assembled by maximum-sized (referred to as a trivial tile set) as well asnon-synthesized tile sets. Compared with non-synthesized tile sets, aggregates assembled using synthesized tile sets also have a higher error rate at high tile concentration, but they exhibit a lower rate at low tile concentration. In this paper, it is also shown that errors in synthesized tile sets tend to appear in clusters. This is very different from non-synthesized tile sets of non-maximum size in which growth errors are mostly random in nature. These findings are discussed and evaluated for nano manufacturing (such as for template self-assembly of a QCA circuit).
Glendening - The Clear Choice

While Ellen Sauerbrey would like voters to think she has changed over the last four years, supporters of civil rights will not be misled. They know she cannot run away from her poor legislative record. Whether the issue is strengthening the anti-discrimination laws, expanding economic opportunities for small and disadvantaged businesses or making appointments that reflect the diversity of all Marylanders, the clear choice is Gov. Parris Glendening.First, over the last decade Mrs. Sauerbrey has opposed a variety of anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation. She voted against the 1991 Hate Crimes law that extended coverage to include acts of violence motivated by the victim's sexual orientation.
A Note on a Selective RC Bridge

A simple resistance-capacitance bridge is described The circuit is capable of providing higher selectivity than the Wien bridge, although it employs the same number of circuit elements.
The Motivation Analysis Test: An Historical and Contemporary Evaluation

Summary.-This is an historical review and contemporary empirical evaluation of the Motivation Analysis Test (MAT), one of the first tests to take a psychometric approach to the assessment of motivation. Reviews were quite positive, but the test is now over 50 years old. Nevertheless, it employs innovations in measurement not widely used in objective measurement then or now: (1) subtests with different formats, (2) disguised items, (3) speeded administration procedures, and (4) ipsative format and scoring procedures. These issues are discussed and a contemporary sample (N=360) obtained to evaluate the Motivation Analysis Test in light of its innovative characteristics. If the number of offerings are an objective indicator, then a look at publishers' catalogs suggests psychological measurement has been very successful indeed. Web sites such as those for the Institute for Personality and Ability TestingY3 Psychological Assessment resource^,^ or Western Psychological Services yield hundreds of commercially available offerings. One catalog lists over 500 entries in its comprehensive product index, although some are different versions, language editions, and age ranges of the same scale (Psychological Assessment Resources, 2004). - Professional organizations have responded to this situation by adopting regulations for members who develop and use psychological scales. For example, the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002) contains a separate section on Assessment. The Code mandates that psychological measurement instruments reside on a solid research foundation, using ". . . appropriate psychometric procedures and current scientific and professional knowledge. . ." (p. 14). Under this ethical burden, a scientifically skeptical professional probably does not rely on information provided by commercial purveyors of psychological instruments alone. Such a skeptical professional probably consults the research literature on psychological measurement in the many refereed journals on assessment, as well as general, clinical, and counseling psychology.
Sequential decoding of systematic and nonsystematic convolutional codes with arbitrary decoder bias

This paper presents several results involving Fano's sequential decoding algorithm for convolutional codes. An upper bound to the a th moment of decoder computation is obtained for arbitrary decoder bias B and a \leq 1 . An upper bound on error probability with sequential decoding is derived for both systematic and nonsystematic convolutional codes. This error bound involves the exact value of the decoder bias B . It is shown that there is a trade-off between sequential decoder computation and error probability as the bias B is varied. It is also shown that for many values of B , sequential decoding of systematic convolutional codes gives an exponentially larger error probability than sequential decoding of nonsystematic convolutional codes when both codes are designed with exponentially equal optimum decoder error probabilities.
Foundations for the implementation of higher-order subtyping

We show how to implement a calculus with higher-order subtyping and subkinding by replacing uses of implicit subsumption with explicit coercions. To ensure this can be done, a polymorphic function is adjusted to take, as an additional argument, a proof that its type constructor argument has the desired kind. Such a proof is extracted from the derivation of a kinding judgement and may in turn require proof coercions, which are extracted from subkinding judgements. This technique is formalized as a type-directed translation from a calculus of higher-order subtyping to a subtyping-free calculus. This translation generalizes an existing result for second-order subtyping calculi (such as F ≤).We also discuss two interpretations of subtyping, one that views it as type inclusion and another that views it is the existence of a well-behaved coercion, and we show, by a type-theoretic construction, that our translation is the minimum consequence of shifting from the inclusion interpretation to the coercion-existence interpretation. This construction shows that the translation is the natural one, and it also provides a framework for extending the translation to richer type systems. Finally, we show how the two interpretations can be reconciled in a common semantics. It is then easy to show the coherence of the translation relative to that semantics.
The Monitoring Technology for the Latent Risk Population

There are more than 11 million elderly Americans living alone. They belong to a latent risk population that will have emergency situations on a frequent basis. Thus, latent risk populations require constant monitoring. There are many current devices that assist the elderly, but they are not real-time, accessible, or particularly effective. We present a design of novel technology for healthy independent living. The system will contain the devices for fall detection, surrounding environment monitoring, as well as measuring a person’s blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation in real time. With this technology, a person’s state is not only controlled by that individual; rather, everything is automated so that even if a person falls unconscious, it will still take the necessary steps to call for assistance. The technology we propose is aimed towards both healthy individuals as well as those with disabilities and chronic conditions.
MY APPROACH to early repolarization syndrome.

Management of a patient with early repolarization (ER) pattern on the ECG can be a challenge; but, first, I would like to resolve some confusion regarding the definition of ER. ER was traditionally defined as concave ST-segment elevation plus prominent or symmetrically limbed T wave often accompanied by J wave or QRS notching or slurring. Since 2008, the ER definition has shifted away from this traditional focus on ST-segment elevation and focuses instead on J wave or QRS notching or slurring. Thus, the modern definition of ER is J wave or an end QRS notch or slur on the downslope of a prominent R wave with J-point elevation Z0.1 mV in 2 or more contiguous leads of the 12-lead ECG, excluding leads V1–V3. To avoid confusion, my approach uses the modern ER definition. Moreover, the term “early repolarization syndrome” should be reserved for ER patterns associated with vulnerability to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD). When a patient with ER is seen, one must obtain detailed medical information, including age, gender, and past medical and family history. It is also important to pay attention specifically to the following high-risk ER patterns:
Equity, the Arts, and Urban Education: A Review.

This review examines empirical studies of educational equity in and through the arts with broad implications for urban education. It extends the literature by (a) describing the interrelated spaces of urban education and the arts, (b) integrating knowledge of arts education across formal and informal learning environments, and (c) examining the arts as a proximal measure of justice in education. The review pursued two questions: What is known about equity in arts education in the United States? And what role does arts education play in maintaining and challenging educational disparities? Findings suggest widespread macro- and micro-inequities produced in and through the arts. Additionally, arts equity research is scattered into silos, disconnected by methodological camps and sites of inquiry. This review brings greater coherence and recognition to an emerging knowledge base and models a multidimensional framework for research and evaluation of arts education policies and programs, particularly those targeting underserved urban communities.
Crow, James F

James F. Crow (1916–) is an American population geneticist known for his wide contributions to mathematical population biology, influential teaching, public service, ethical analyses, and academic leadership. Crow is also regarded as one of the founders of the field of human genetics. He has written influential textbooks and widely cited papers applying population genetics to evolution, radiation risk assessments, and human diversity. Most of his academic life has been spent at the University of Wisconsin where he has been an influential academic leader and mentor to several generations of geneticists.
O3-S4.06 Predictors of clinical treatment failure among men with idiopathic NGU

Background Up to half of men with nongonoccocal urethritis (NGU) have no known aetiology, yet still receive syndromic treatment. Identifying characteristics associated with clinical treatment failure may aid in determining the aetiology of these cases. Methods From 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2010, 553 men entered a randomised double-blind treatment trial for NGU at the Public Health Seattle & King County STD clinic in Washington. Eligible men had visible urethral discharge or ≥5 PMNs/high power field on a Gram stained slide of urethral exudates. Men were randomised to either 1 g single dose azithromycin or 100 mg doxycycline twice daily for 7 days. Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and Trichomonas vaginalis were assessed by TMA (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, CA); Mycoplasma genitalium was assessed by an in-house PCR assay. Ureaplasmas were detected by culture and speciated by a Ureaplasma urealyticum-biovar two specific PCR. Men negative for all pathogens were considered idiopathic and invited to return 2–5 weeks after enrolment. Clinical treatment failure was defined as visible urethral discharge or ≥5 PMNs. We evaluated baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, self-reported sexual history at enrolment, sexual practices between visits and depression as potential correlates of clinical treatment failure using log binomial regression. Results Of the 430 (81%) men with NGU who returned for follow-up, 202 (47%) were considered idiopathic at baseline. Enrollees were 68% white and 27% black. Age ranged from 19 to 62. Fifty-one men (25%) with idiopathic NGU experienced clinical failure. In multivariate analyses, purulent discharge at enrolment more than doubled the risk of failure (ARR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.4% to 4.4%) and black men were nearly twice as likely as non-blacks to have treatment failure (ARR=1.8, 1.1 to 2.8). Age, socioeconomic status, number of partners in last 2 months, sexual orientation, sexual behaviour (anal/vaginal sex, unprotected sex between visits), depression, and other baseline clinical characteristics were not associated with treatment failure see Abstract O3-S4.06 table 1. Conclusions Treatment failure was common among men with idiopathic NGU and associated with black race and purulent discharge at enrolment. The association with purulent discharge suggests an etiologic agent that evokes a robust immune response. Insofar as race defines sexual networks, an etiologic agent present in the network may explain the observed differential risk of persistent NGU.
GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS ARISING DURING DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (IGCM) is a rare but fulminant process leading to rapid heart failure. Prior case series have suggested a relationship with autoimmune diseases, but an association with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been described. A 56 year old woman with a history of type
Effects of the Selenium Precursor on the Growth of ZnSe by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

The growth of ZnSe on GaAs substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was investigated in a specially designed vertical downflow reactor. Dimethylzinc was used as the Zn source while different Se source compounds (hydrogen selenide (H2Se), diethylselenide and methylallylselenide) were employed to determine the effect of different source combinations on morphology, thickness uniformity, growth rate, electrical properties and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the grown ZnSe films. The H2Se was produced in situ by reaction of H2 and Se followed by distillation to control the amount of H2Se entering the reaction zone. H2Se produced very high mobility films with good PL spectra but poor surface morphology. Diethylselenide led to layers of good morphology and PL characteristics but the films were highly resistive. Unusual surface features were observed for methylallylselenide.
Abstract 1506: Up-regulation of stromal matrilin-3 expression in advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Objective: Transcriptome profiling performed on RNA isolated from microdissected epithelial and stromal fibroblastic components of advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) and normal ovarian epithelial tissue identified a set of genes coding for secretory proteins that were significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). One of the most significant differentially expressed genes is matrilin-3 (MATN3), which has been shown to play an important role in cartilage morphogenesis. The purpose of this study is to validate the differential expression patterns of MATN3 and its role in ovarian cancer progression. Methods: Validation studies on MATN3 expression were carried out using quantitative RT-PCR analysis on RNA samples isolated from the microdissected stromal and epithelial components of 44 HGSC samples and 10 normal ovaries. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine over-expression of MATN3 in the stromal component of HGSCs. To assess the functional role of matrilin-3 in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, multiple ovarian cancer cells including SKOV3 ipluc, OVCA 432, OVCA 433, and ALST were treated with exogenous recombinant MATN3. Its effect on cell proliferation was evaluated by the WST-1 assay. Furthermore, the effect of MATN3 on invasion potential was determined by counting the number of cells migrating through a transwell membrane coated with a 0.1% type I collagen matrix containing 7.5 nM MATN3. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed significantly over-expression of MATN3 in the stromal component of HGSC compared to the epithelial component and the normal ovaries (P=0.003). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed overexpression of MATN3 in a majority of ovarian cancer stromal specimens. When treated with recombinant exogenous matrilin-3, ALST and SKOV3 ip luc ovarian cancer cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation by MATN3. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and OVCA 432 with exogenous MATN3 significantly decreased the number of cells migrating through the transwell membrane (P Conclusions: Over-expression of MATN3 in ovarian cancer stroma inhibits cell proliferation and invasion potential. Further evaluating the underlying molecular mechanism of MATN3 in ovarian cancer progression is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1506. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1506
The UCLA Tobacco Control Program

Tobacco use, the most preventable cause of death in our society and a growing international epidemic, should be well understood by all students preparing to enter the field of public health. Despite its importance, however, tobacco does not always enjoy the prominence it deserves in public health education. We report here on efforts to expand the focus on tobacco in the University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health through a program supported by the Association of Schools of Public Health/American Legacy Foundation's Scholarship, Training, and Education Program for Tobacco Use Prevention funding mechanism. We describe steps to increase tobacco content in required and elective courses; offer elective courses on tobacco; implement a pre-doctoral scholarship program featuring coursework, fieldwork, and exposure to tobacco issues at national meetings; and establish a tobacco-focused workshop series. We outline program successes, structural barriers to achieving some programmatic goals, and the program's early termination.
Determination of synthetic colorants in meat products by SPE-HPLC

Objective To develop a method for the determination of three kinds of synthetic colorants in meat products by solid phase extraction(SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods After extraction using ammonia-90% ethanol(1/99,V/V) solution,the extract of meat products was purified on PLS SPE coloumn.The eluent was analyzed by HPLC with photo-diode array detector(PDA).The HPLC separation was performed on a Dikma Spursil C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column and gradient eluted with acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L ammonium acetate solution,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the injection volume was 10 μl,the detection wavelength were 200-700 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃.Results The linear concentration range of Amaranth,Carmine and Allura Red was 0.5-25.0 μg/ml,and the correlation coefficients were 0.999 6,0.999 7 and 0.999 3,respectively.The average recovery of spiked sample was in the range of 94.2%-99.1%.Conclusion The method was sensitive and accurate with a good reproducibility and suitable for determination of synthetic colorants in meat products.
Research on the Smart Meter's Accelerated Life Test

According to the site statistics,this paper analyzed main factors impacting smart meter reliability firstly. Then,it selected temperature and humidity stress combination as an accelerating factor which has significant impacts on reliability,to carry out reliability test of smart meter. Through defining failure types of smart meter,it formulated the scheme design methodology for the meter's accelerated life test,which discussed the accelerated life test under laboratory conditions on the smart meter.
Acute, complete, extrinsic obstruction of the Björk-Shiley valve in the immediate postoperative period

The following report describes a case in which acute, complete, extrinsic obstruction ofa Bjork-Shiley prosthetic aortic valve by suture material occurred in the immediate postoperative period.
Database Optimization in the Cloud: Where Costs, Partial Results, and Consumer Choice Meet.

Database services in the cloud (DBaaS) allow users to convert the fixed costs of deploying and maintaining a database system to variable costs that are incurred in a pay-as-you-go manner. Considerable research focus has been given to the cost of the elasticity (of performance) and reliability of a DBaaS. This is because in the cloud, users are able to modulate these characteristics of a DBaaS by paying more or less to the provider. However, the one invariant has always been that the user will receive a complete and correct result. In this paper we consider another possibility; that users may be willing to accept different quality results from a DBaaS that aren’t complete and correct if the price is right. Recently, there has been research classifying “partial results” produced using incomplete input (due to failures) while processing a query. These classifications provide a broad and general way to understand a partial result using semantic guarantees that can be made about the result. In this paper, we consider a database system in the cloud that allows users to control the cost of a query by defining the sorts of partial results that are acceptable.
Echoes of the Absolute. Rainer Maria Rilke’s «Buch der Bilder»

In this article I examine some of the key poems in Rilke’s Book of Images in an attempt to elucidate its somewhat elusive order. Moving away from the tendency to interpret this cycle of poems biographically, I use the iconography of Rilke’s prose, as well as his other poetry, to uncover a gesture that is the source of the persona’s ability to create. Following de Man, I offer that this gesture and its subsequent formulation into poetic language is akin to Holderlin’s distinction between the ontological status of a flower and the becoming of the poetic word that sings it.
A Socio-Econometric Model of Health Care System in the U.S.A.

A comprehensive model concerning health care is constructed by considering a number of factors related to the population, expenditure, diets, employment and the supply side. Some attention will be given to the technological changes and their effects on the quality of health care. Three submodels are proposed, namely demographic, economic and medical. These subsystems will be linked and the resulting relations studied. A simulation of the model will be performed to test the validity of the model.
The Formal Paradigm

The focus of this chapter is methodological, in the sense that its primary purpose is to define the formal paradigm in economic anthropology. In the course of the discussion, however, some key moments in the history of economic anthropology receive considerable treatment. I refer specifically to the work of some of the founders of the subfield: Melville Herskovits and Raymond Firth. There is also a section in the Chapter dealing with Max Weber, particularly his concepts of formal and substantive rationality, and his principal methodological contribution to the social sciences, the concept of the ideal type.
Massachusetts Health Reform At Ten Years: Great Progress, But Coverage Gaps Remain

Massachusetts’s 2006 health reform legislation was intended to move the state to near-universal health insurance coverage and to improve access to affordable health care. Ten years on, a large body of research demonstrates sustained gains in coverage. But many vulnerable populations and communities in the state have high uninsurance rates, and among those with coverage, gaps in access and affordability persist.
Catherine of Aragon in The Tudors: Dark Hair, Devotion, and Dignity in Despair

Catherine of Aragon was a strawberry blonde. That is one of many things The Tudors gets wrong, for Maria Doyle Kennedy, who portrays Catherine in Seasons One and Two, has dark hair. Ironically, Showtime executives wanted to make Natalie Dormer’s character, the brunette Anne Boleyn, a blonde, and they were chagrined when she dyed her naturally flaxen hair a darker hue after her initial audition. Perhaps this is because blondes reputedly have more fun—Anne certainly has a better time than Catherine for most of the first two seasons of The Tudors. More generally, series creator and writer Michael Hirst is often carelessly inattentive to details or—as more favorable commentators claim—willfully ignores them from a sense of postmodern playfulness.1 In any case, The Tudors is not alone with regard to Catherine, who has appeared on-screen as a blonde only once—played by Annette Crosbie—in the BBC mini-series, The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970). Otherwise, she is dark-haired, like Kennedy, Irene Papas in Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and Joanne Whalley in Wolf Hall (2015), though early in the latter show Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (Jonathan Pryce) mentions to Thomas Cromwell (Mark Rylance) that the young Catherine had red hair.2
Phenyl substitution of cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for iTMC-LEECs.

A series of seven cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of the form [(C^N)2(N^N)Ir][PF6] has been designed in order to examine the effect of bulky, hydrophobic phenyl substituents on the structure–property relationship of these ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). Capping phenyl substituents on the cyclometalating and ancillary ligands allows for individual tuning of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, respectively, yielding an emission range from yellow to red. The complexes in this series exhibit increased quantum yields, up to 70% higher than the unoptimized, archetypal [(2-phenylpyridine)2(2,2′-bipyridine)Ir][PF6]. Among these, one complex, C3, was recently reported to produce devices with superior luminance and efficiency. Simultaneous measure of the series of complexes enabled the clear discernment of trends in device performance connected to fundamental structure–property relationships that elucidate the origin of enhanced luminance. In general, phenyl substitution of the 2-phenylpyridine ligands of the parent complex produced higher luminance and faster device response than phenyl substitution of the 2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Overall, complex design and device engineering produce competitive LEECs from simple, single-layer architectures. The synthesis, crystallographic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the iTMCs, along with the electroluminescence properties of the LEEC devices are reported herein.