cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regressing to Prior Response Preference After Set Switching Implicates Striatal Dysfunction Across Psychotic Disorders: Findings From the B-SNIP Study

Difficulty switching behavioral response sets is established in psychotic disorders. In rodent models, prefrontal lesions cause difficulty initially switching to new response sets (perseverative errors) while striatal lesions cause difficulty suppressing responses to previous choice preferences (regressive errors). Studies of psychotic disorders have not previously assessed these 2 error types. Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) participants included probands with schizophrenia (N = 212), psychotic bipolar (N = 192), and schizoaffective disorder (N = 131), their first-degree relatives (N = 267,226,165 respectively), and healthy controls (N = 258). Participants completed the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) to assess cognitive set switching and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to assess generalized neuropsychological dysfunction. All proband groups displayed elevated rates of perseverative and regressive errors compared to controls. After correcting for generalized cognitive deficits to identify specific deficits in set shifting and maintenance, there were no significant group differences for perseverative errors, while the increased rate of regressive errors remained significant. Level of regressive errors was similar across proband groups with minimal correlations with antipsychotic medication dose, clinical ratings, and demographic characteristics. Relatives of schizophrenia patients showed increased rates of regressive errors, but familiality of this trait was significant only in bipolar pedigrees. Regressive errors were partially independent of generalized cognitive deficits, suggesting a potentially informative and specific cognitive deficit across psychotic disorders. Preclinical data indicate that this deficit could be related to altered function in a neural system that may include the dorsal striatum or other elements of frontostriatal systems.
The Natural Sediment Regime in Rivers: Broadening the Foundation for Ecosystem Management

Water and sediment inputs are fundamental drivers of river ecosystems, but river management tends to emphasize flow regime at the expense of sediment regime. In an effort to frame a more inclusive paradigm for river management, we discuss sediment inputs, transport, and storage within river systems; interactions among water, sediment, and valley context; and the need to broaden the natural flow regime concept. Explicitly incorporating sediment is challenging, because sediment is supplied, transported, and stored by nonlinear and episodic processes operating at different temporal and spatial scales than water and because sediment regimes have been highly altered by humans. Nevertheless, managing for a desired balance between sediment supply and transport capacity is not only tractable, given current geomorphic process knowledge, but also essential because of the importance of sediment regimes to aquatic and riparian ecosystems, the physical template of which depends on sediment-driven river structure and function.
Internet Navigation (Basics, Services, and Portals)

The Internet is a system of computer networks designed to send and receive data. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of Internet navigation. It explains what the Internet is, the infrastructure (both hardware and software) needed to access it, and the services and facilities available. Internet navigation includes the use of communication services such as electronic mail (e-mail), listserv/mailing lists, news groups, Internet relay chat, downloading services such as file transfer protocol, and the search services such as the World Wide Web and the ubiquitous Web portals. Keywords: E-mail; Internet relay chat (IRC); listserv; news groups; portal; telnet; usenet
The Fine Temporal Structure of the Rat Licking Pattern: What Causes the Variabiliy in the Interlick Intervals and How is it Affected by the Drinking Solution?

Licking is a repetitive behavior controlled by a central pattern generator. Even though interlick intervals (ILIs) within bursts of licks are considered fairly regular, the conditions that affect their variability are unknown. We analyzed the licking pattern in rats that licked water, 10% sucrose solution, or 10% ethanol solution, in 90-min recording sessions after 4h of water deprivation. The histograms of ILIs indicate that licking typically occurred at a preferred ILI of about 130-140ms with evidence of bimodal or multimodal distributions due to occasional licking failures. We found that the longer the pause between bursts of licks, the shorter was the first ILI of the burst. When bursts of licks were preceded by a pause >4 s, the ILI was the shortest (~110ms) at the beginning of the burst, and then it increased rapidly in the first few licks and slowly in subsequent licks. Interestingly, the first ILI of a burst of licks was not significantly different when licking any of the 3 solutions, but subsequent licks exhibited a temporal pattern characteristic of each solution. The rapid deceleration in intraburst licking rate was due to an increase from ~27ms to ~56ms in the tongue-spout contact duration while the intercontact interval was only slightly changed (80-90ms). Therefore, the contact duration seems to be the major factor that increases the variability in the ILIs and could be another means for the rat to adjust the amount of fluid ingested in each individual lick.
Influence of corn hybrid, protease and methods of processing on in vitro gas production

Abstract An in vitro rumen gas production technique was used to compare four corn hybrids and two methods of processing. The hybrids varied in the proportion of vitreous starch in their endosperm. Hybrids were 553 (55VT), 606 (60VT), 632 (63VT) and 649 g/kg endosperm (65VT) vitreous starch. Each hybrid was dry rolled at 0.67 kg/L and steam flaked at 0.33 kg/L. The vitreous and floury endosperm fractions were isolated ground, processed corn particles were also pretreated with protease prior to incubation. Total gas produced at 8 h was highest for hybrid 55VT and lowest for hybrids 63VT and 65VT. Total gas production reflected in vitro fermentation of starch. Total gas produced after 24 and 72 h of incubation was not different among hybrids. Steam flaking increased total gas produced at 8 and 24 h of incubation compared to dry rolling but by 72 h there was no difference. Total gas produced was significantly higher at 8 and 72 h of incubation for floury than vitreous endosperm. Protease treatment markedly increased total gas produced at 8 and 24 h but not 72 h of incubation. There were significant interactions between hybrid and process and between process and enzyme treatment at 8 h of incubation. These interactions demonstrated that processing (dry rolling versus steam flaking), protease treatment, and difference in floury and vitreous endosperm reduced the differences in starch fermentation of different hybrids. In vitro rumen gas production can be used as a method to distinguish differences in starch fermentation of corn hybrids and the impact of various methods of starch processing and treatment on starch availability.
An encounter card system for increasing feedback to students

Abstract Background: Student satisfaction with the feedback process is essential for motivating students to improve their performance. Methods: Third-year medical students participated in a system to increase feedback from faculty, fellows, and residents during a 12-week surgery clerkship. Each student received 40 encounter cards to solicit verbal and written feedback on specific domains of clinical performance. The clerkship evaluations from the intervention group (Fall 2000–2001) were compared with a historical control group (Fall 1999–2000) on seven feedback-related items. Effect sizes were calculated and two-tailed t tests performed to determine statistical significance. Results: All seven items had effect sizes greater than 0.30 (range, 0.38 to 0.85). Differences between the two groups' scores were statistically significant for six items. Conclusions: Implementation of an encounter card system improved student satisfaction with the feedback process. Intervention group students perceived that faculty and residents had improved their understanding of history-taking, physical-examination, and decision-making skills.
Avian roosting behavior influences vector-host interactions for West Nile virus hosts

Background: Extensive work has shown that vectors almost never feed at random. Often, a subset of individual hosts and host species are fed on much more frequently than expected from their abundance and this can amplify pathogen transmission. However, the drivers of variation in contact patterns between vectors and their hosts are not well understood, even in relatively well-studied systems such as West Nile virus (WNV). Methods: We compared roosting height and roost aggregation size of seven avian host species of WNV with patterns of host-seeking mosquito (Culex pipiens) abundance at communal and non-communal roost sites. Results: First, host-seeking mosquito abundance increased with height and paralleled increased mosquito feeding preferences on species roosting higher in the tree canopy. Second, there were several hundred-fold fewer mosquitoes per bird trapped at American robin (Turdus migratorius) communal roosts compared to non-communal roost sites, which could reduce transmission from and to this key amplifying host species. Third, seasonal changes in communal roost formation may partly explain observed seasonal changes in mosquito feeding patterns, including a decrease in feeding on communal roosting robins.
Process and Protest: Accounting for Individual Protest Participation

Using American Citizen Participation Survey data (Verba et al. 1995a), we perform logistic regression analyses to adjudicate between three core explanations for individual protest: biographical availability, political engagement and structural availability. We calculate estimated probabilities to weigh the relative effects of these factors on the likelihood of protest participation, and we find that being asked to protest is the strongest predictor of participating in protest, but that numerous other individual characteristics such as political interest and organizational ties are important predictors of being asked to protest. Viewing protest as a multi-stage process and recognizing that certain factors predict being asked to protest while others predict actually protesting, we gain theoretical leverage over the ways in which individuals are prompted to take part in protest.
Sensitive period for sensorimotor integration during vocal motor learning.

Sensory experience during sensitive periods in development may direct the organization of neural substrates, thereby permanently influencing sub- sequent adult behavior. We report a sensitive period during the imitative motor learning phase of sensorimo- tor integration in birdsong development. By temporarily and reversibly blocking efference to the vocal muscles, we disrupted vocal motor practice during selected stages of song development. Motor disruption during pro- longed periods early in development, which allows re- covery of vocal control prior to the onset of adult song, has no effect on adult song production. However, song disruption late in development, during the emergence of adult song, results in permanent motor defects in adult song production. These results reveal a decreased ability to compensate for interference with motor function when disturbances occur during the terminal stage of vocal motor development. Temporary disruption of sy- ringeal motor control in adults does not produce per- manent changes in song production. Permanent vocal aberrations in juveniles are evident exclusively in learned song elements rather than nonlearned calls, sug- gesting that the sensitive period is associated with motor learning. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 42: 172-189,
150-250 MeV electron beams in radiation therapy

High-energy electron beams in the range 150-250 MeV are studied to evaluate the feasibility for radiotherapy. Monte Carlo simulation results from the PENELOPE code are presented and used to determine lateral spread and penetration of these beams. It is shown that the penumbra is comparable to photon beams at depths less than 10 cm and the practical range (Rp) of these beams is greater than 40 cm. The depth dose distribution of electron beams compares favourably with photon beams. Effects caused by nuclear reactions are evaluated, including increased dose due to neutron production and induced radioactivity resulting in an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factor of <1.03.
Maintaining genetic resources of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): The role of seed migration and swidden-fallow management in northeastern Peru

Knowledge of the effects of farmer practices on population genetic parameters of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is relevant to the improvement and conservation of the palm’s genetic resources. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure of peach palm in swidden-fallow agroforestry systems in northeastern Peru. The study covered eight communities, comprising two study areas 160 km apart – one occupied by indigenous Amerindians and the other by mixed race campesinos. Simultaneous analysis of an ex situ peach palm germplasm collection provided a means to compare population genetic parameters. Farmers who were surveyed on seed selection practices for peach palm reported that an average of only four palms (4.3 for campesino and 1.5 for indigenous populations) were used to provide seed for the establishment of the forest gardens sampled. As expected, inbreeding coefficients observed within communities were relatively high (f = 0.105 − 0.210), however, observed heterozygosities within communities were also high (0.625–0.741). A metapopulation approach was used to describe migration within and among regions, implying a hierarchical structure of gene flow which maintains relatively high levels of genetic diversity. Seed migration was found to occur over longer distances (≤600 km) and at a higher frequency (46% of palms sampled) in the indigenous study area, and a proportionally greater number of alleles was found (49 vs. 43 over three loci) with twice as many private alleles occurring only in the indigenous populations. The farmers’ practice of preserving remnant palms through successive swidden generations may have contributed to the maintenance of alleles by reducing the severity of founder effects. Although the campesino study area exhibited a significant (20% of the variation; p < 0.01) isolation-by-distance relationship across 35 km distance, in general, both study populations had relatively limited genetic structure (θ = 0.012–0.03), which is believed to have resulted from the exchange of seeds over long distances and periods of time.
Tracking Revisited Using RGBD Camera: Unified Benchmark and Baselines

Despite significant progress, tracking is still considered to be a very challenging task. Recently, the increasing popularity of depth sensors has made it possible to obtain reliable depth easily. This may be a game changer for tracking, since depth can be used to prevent model drift and handle occlusion. We also observe that current tracking algorithms are mostly evaluated on a very small number of videos collected and annotated by different groups. The lack of a reasonable size and consistently constructed benchmark has prevented a persuasive comparison among different algorithms. In this paper, we construct a unified benchmark dataset of 100 RGBD videos with high diversity, propose different kinds of RGBD tracking algorithms using 2D or 3D model, and present a quantitative comparison of various algorithms with RGB or RGBD input. We aim to lay the foundation for further research in both RGB and RGBD tracking, and our benchmark is available at http://tracking.cs.princeton.edu.
The hormonal composition of follicular fluid and its implications for ovarian cancer pathogenesis

Ovulation has long been associated with an increased risk in ovarian cancer, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Two aspects of ovulation have been linked to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. The first is the impact of repetitive tissue injury and repair that occurs with each ovulatory event. The second is the release of follicular fluid that accompanies the follicular rupture and its effect on the ovarian and fallopian tube epithelial cells. Hormones are an important component of follicular fluid, which transiently bathes the ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelium during ovulation. Much work has been done exploring the role of hormones in fertility, but some, such as estrogen, have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian and other cancers. Understanding the role of hormones within follicular fluid, as well as how they are altered in disorders which increase ovarian cancer risk, will enhance our ability to assess risk and develop preventative strategies. This review provides an in depth discussion of the logistics of using and studying follicular fluid in ovarian cancer research, and discusses the fluctuations in follicular fluid hormone levels during normal physiological processes versus conditions that increase ovarian cancer risk.
Temperature conditioning of nasal air: effects of vasoactive agents and involvement of nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is released into nasal air, but its function is unknown. We hypothesized that nasal vascular tone and/or flow influences temperature conditioning of nasal air and that NO particip...
Implications of Vegetal Remains from an Illinois Hopewell Site

Chenopodium seeds from Illinois Hopewell and Eastern Woodland contexts are described and discussed in terms of a hypothesis of a separate center of plant domestication in the East. Evidence for the role of plant foods in northern Hopewell subsistence is reviewed. Use of more refined field procedures for recovery of plant remains is recommended.
The Influence of an Oxidizing Substance (Sodium Iodoxybenzoate) on the Catalase Value of the Blood and Tissues

The pharmacology of this substance was first studied by Loevenhart and Grove1 in the hope of obtaining some experimental evidence as to the mechanism of physiologic oxidation. lodoxybenzoic acid and its salts seemed to be especially suited to this purpose because they can be used for intravenous injection. They found that sodium iodoxybenzoate very readily oxidizes hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin, showing that the oxygen contained in the molecule is available for physiologic oxidation in the same manner as the oxygen taken up in the lungs. Experiments tending to show the availability of the oxygen for oxidation by the tissues were not conclusive, since sodium iodoxybenzoate was unable to furnish the oxygen necessary for the peroxid reaction. On the other hand, depression of the respiratory center and the production of long periods of apnea indicate the physiologic activity of the oxygen on the respiratory center. Following intravenous injection, there is a moderate leukocytosis which consists for the most part in an increase in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The bactericidal action of sodium iodoxybenzoate has been studied by Arkin,a who found that it possesses a marked bactericidal action for B. typhosus, B. pyocyaneus, B. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, its strength as a bactericide was related to its oxidizing power. In experiments with B. typhosus, sodium iodoxybenzoate proved to be 200 times as bactericidal as sodium iodbenzoate and twice as bactericidal as sodium iodosobenzoate. Sodium iodbenzoate contains no available oxygen, while sodium iodosobenzoate contains but one molecule of available oxygen or about one-half the available oxygen of iodoxybenzoate. Sodium iodoxybenzoate in its relation to the biologic reactions has been studied by several authors. Hektoen4 found that dogs which had been injected with goat blood followed by an intravenous injection of sodium iodoxybenzoate
Relocations of Earthquakes (1899–1917) in South-Central Alaska

I have relocated 18 earthquakes occurring in the south-central Alaska region between 1899 and 1917 using a bootstrap relocation technique. Locations of events within the Yakutat region suggest that the 1899 sequence began on 4 September with a MS = 7.9 event within the area of the Pamplona fault zone/western Transition fault zone, rupturing the western portion of the North American/Pacific plate interface. A MS = 7.4 event on 10 September appears to have ruptured the offshore portion of the plate interface to the east of the 4 September event. This was followed by a MS = 8.0 event that likely ruptured the onshore and down-dip portion of the plate interface. A MS = 7.0 event in 1908 may have ruptured a small portion of the plate interface between the 4 September and 10 September events. Events occurring between 1911 and 1916 in the Prince William Sound region appear to be slab events occurring in similar locations to more recent seismicity. Within the Kodiak region the 1900 earthquake of MS = 7.7 has a location consistent with the rupture of the Kodiak asperity which also ruptured during the 1964 great Alaska earthquake. Other large magnitude Kodiak events appear to be associated with regions of recent seismicity, including the Karluk Lake area of southwestern Kodiak Island and the Albatross Basin located offshore southeast of Kodiak Island. Space-time seismicity patterns since 1899 indicate that magnitude 6 to7 events have occurred with regularity in the Kodiak Island region; that there has been a lack of magnitude ≥ 6 events in the Prince William Sound region since 1964, and that the Yakutat region has remained notably quiescent at the magnitude ≥ 6 level.
Radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is a promising investigational approach for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Several randomized trials investigating single-agent chemotherapy administered with conventional radiotherapy have resulted in improved disease-free survival, and two studies have also shown improved overall survival. Although the differences observed were small, these studies prove the validity of the concept and form the rationale for its continued clinicai investigation. More recent studies have focused on the use of combination chemotherapy regimens administered concomitantly with split-course radiotherapy. Response and survival data from some of these pilot studies are very encouraging. They will need to be confirmed in future randomized trials.
Cross-lingual and multi-stream posterior features for low resource LVCSR systems.

We investigate approaches for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system for new languages or new domains using limited amounts of transcribed training data. In these low resource conditions, the performance of conventional LVCSR systems degrade significantly. We propose to train low resource LVCSR system with additional sources of information like annotated data from other languages (German and Spanish) and various acoustic feature streams (short-term and modulation features). We train multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) on these sources of information and use Tandem features derived from the MLPs for low resource LVCSR. In our experiments, the proposed system trained using only one hour of English conversational telephone speech (CTS) provides a relative improvement of 11% over the baseline system.
Evidence for quorum sensing and differential metabolite production by a marine bacterium in response to DMSP

Microbes, the foundation of the marine foodweb, do not function in isolation, but rather rely on molecular level interactions among species to thrive. Although certain types of interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms have been well documented, the role of specific organic molecules in regulating inter-species relationships and supporting growth are only beginning to be understood. Here, we examine one such interaction by characterizing the metabolic response of a heterotrophic marine bacterium, Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, to growth on dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an abundant organosulfur metabolite produced by phytoplankton. When cultivated on DMSP, R. pomeroyi synthesized a quorum-sensing molecule, N-(3-oxotetradecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, at significantly higher levels than during growth on propionate. Concomitant with the production of a quorum-sensing molecule, we observed differential production of intra- and extracellular metabolites including glutamine, vitamin B2 and biosynthetic intermediates of cyclic amino acids. Our metabolomics data indicate that R. pomeroyi changes regulation of its biochemical pathways in a manner that is adaptive for a cooperative lifestyle in the presence of DMSP, in anticipation of phytoplankton-derived nutrients and higher microbial density. This behavior is likely to occur on sinking marine particles, indicating that this response may impact the fate of organic matter.
Environment Friendly Measures Adopted at Home and Abroad by Large U.S. Corporations

The United States’ government has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol of greenhouse gas reduction, but most of the large U.S. corporations are proactively involve in environment friendly measures at home and abroad. About an hundred corporations are member of the Chicago Climate Exchange and the European Climate Exchange, the two functioning carbon credits trading exchanges. The United States is still the largest polluter in the world, contributing 23% of all fossil fuel emissions. Extensive literature review suggests that large U.S. corporations are slow to address the global environment challenges but a majority of them now have a clear understanding of their responsibility. Some of these corporations are actively trading carbon credits on climate exchanges. The purpose of this study is to identify environment friendly measures adopted by large U.S. corporations in their U.S. and international operations.
Wave Generation and Heating

The need in astronomy to investigate a large number of heterogeneous objects and phenomena has repeatedly led to oversimplification of the physical phenomena being studied. Nowhere in astronomy is this more evident than in the case of the astrophysical representation of macroscopic fluid motions within the atmospheres of stars and nebulae. The lines in stellar spectra are too broad to be explained entirely in terms of thermal motions and rotation. An obvious explanation for this is that fluid motions are present within the stellar atmosphere. In a rather general way, one can visualize three effects of the fluid motions on the spectral lines: (1) a Doppler shift of the lines, (2) a broadening of the lines, and (3) an asymmetric distortion of the lines. The first effect will occur if the motions are somewhat coherent over a range of depths comparable to the thickness, h cf, of the line contribution function. Motions on a scale much smaller than h cf will broaden the lines, and motions on a scale comparable to h cf generally will Doppler shift the line, broaden it and make it asymmetric. The latter effect arises because the Doppler shift is presumably not the same at all depths over which the line is formed.
DNA-PkCS expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Correlations with human papillomavirus status and recurrence after transoral robotic surgery.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has improved clinical outcomes compared to HPV-negative disease. However, the biology underlying differences in prognosis remains unclear. Methods We characterized the expression of DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PkCS ), a key DNA repair protein also associated with tumor progression, in 29 cases of oropharyngeal SCCs and correlated our findings with HPV status and disease recurrence. In addition, we assessed therapeutic response, migration, and invasion in head and neck cancer cell lines upon DNA-PkCS knockdown. Results DNA-PkCS expression was significantly decreased in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative oropharyngeal SCC samples. Within the HPV-positive subgroup, DNA-PkCS expression was inversely related to HPV E6 and E7 expression and trended toward significance as a predictor of recurrence. DNA-PkCS knockdown in cell lines resulted in increased sensitivity to cisplatin and radiotherapy and reduced cell migration and invasion. Conclusion These results suggest DNA-PkCS should be further studied as a potential marker of tumor progression in HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 206-214, 2017.
Survival outcome of early versus delayed bevacizumab treatment in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

2042 Background: Bevacizumab (BEV) is widely used for treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GB). Differences in outcome between early versus delayed BEV treatment of recurrent GB are n...
Case report: primary osteonecrosis associated with thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis and worsened by testosterone therapy

Familial and acquired thrombophilia are often etiologic for idiopathic hip and jaw osteonecrosis (ON), and testosterone therapy (TT) can interact with thrombophilia, worsening ON. Case 1: A 62-year-old Caucasian male (previous deep venous thrombosis), on warfarin 1 year for atrial fibrillation (AF), had non-specific right hip-abdominal pain for 2 years. CT scan revealed bilateral femoral head ON without collapse. Coagulation studies revealed Factor V Leiden (FVL) heterozygosity, 4G/4G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) homozygosity, high anti-cardiolipin (ACLA) IgM antibodies, and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) T786C homozygosity (reduced conversion of L-arginine to NO, required for bone health). Apixaban 5 mg twice daily was substituted for warfarin; and L-arginine 9 g/day was started to increase NO. On Apixaban for 8 months, he became asymptomatic. Case 2: A 32-year-old hypogonadal Caucasian male had 10 years of unexplained tooth loss, progressing to primary jaw ON with cavitation 8 months after starting TT gel 50 mg/day. Coagulation studies revealed FVL heterozygosity, PAI 4G/4G homozygosity, and the lupus anticoagulant. TT was discontinued. Jaw pain was sharply reduced within 2 months. Idiopathic ON, often caused by thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis, is worsened by TT, and its progression may be slowed or stopped by discontinuation of TT and, thereafter, anticoagulation. Recognition of thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis before joint collapse facilitates anticoagulation which may stop ON, preserving joints.
The Archaeological Guide to Iowa

Review of: The Archaeological Guide to Iowa, by William E. Whittaker, Lynn M. Alex, and Mary C. de la Garza
Single-Center Experience Implementing the LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook for Adult Abdomen/Pelvis CT and MR Procedures Using a Semi-Automated Method

The LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook represents the future direction of standardization for radiology procedure names. We developed a software solution ("RadMatch") utilizing Python 2.7 and FuzzyWuzzy, an open-source fuzzy string matching algorithm created by SeatGeek, to implement the LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook for adult abdomen and pelvis CT and MR procedures performed at our institution. Execution of this semi-automated method resulted in the assignment of appropriate LOINC numbers to 86% of local CT procedures. For local MR procedures, appropriate LOINC numbers were assigned to 75% of these procedures whereas 12.5% of local MR procedures could only be partially mapped. For the standardized local procedures, only 63% of CT and 71% of MR procedures had corresponding RadLex Playbook identifier (RPID) codes in the LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook, which limited the utility of RPID codes. RadMatch is a semi-automated open-source software tool that can assist radiology departments seeking to standardize their radiology procedures via implementation of the LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook.
Norepinephrine levels in children with single ventricle circulation

Abstract Elevated plasma norepinephrine levels are a strong independent predictor of mortality in adults with heart failure with systolic dysfunction, and provide the mechanistic basis to its therapeutic paradigm. The pathogenesis of heart failure in the single ventricle circulation is unknown. It remains controversial whether conventional neurohormonal blockade in this population is beneficial. We hypothesize that norepinephrine levels can be elevated in children with single ventricle circulation and that it is associated with a poor outcome. Norepinephrine levels were collected from 22 consecutive single ventricle and 7 control patients at the time of catheterization. The disease group was followed for the development of heart failure and a composite outcome of death or transplant. Median age at norepinephrine level was 2.4 years (interquartile range 93 days–16.8 years) and follow-up duration was 9.8 years (range 75 days–10.5 years), during which 5 patients (23%) met a composite outcome of either death (n = 4) or transplantation (n = 1). While ventricular dysfunction and individual invasive hemodynamic parameters were not predictive of subsequent composite outcome, a norepinephrine level > 369 pg/mL at time of catheterization was associated with a decreased freedom from the composite outcome. In this study of children with single ventricle circulation, elevated norepinephrine levels were observed and were associated with a poor outcome. Consideration should be given to the further study of the role of neurohormonal activation and potentially its blockade, currently used for heart failure from systolic dysfunction, in the management of this high risk congenital heart disease population.
On the Optimality of Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO with MRC Detection

We consider uplink transmission for a massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system in which the base station (BS) is equipped with a mixed analogto-digital converter (ADC) architecture. In this architecture, a portion of the antennas at the BS is connected to lowpower low-resolution ADCs while the other is fed to powerhungry high-resolution ADCs. By taking into account the mixed-ADC architecture, we derive a closed-form expression for the sum spectral efficiency (SE) when maximum ratio combining (MRC) detection is employed at the BS. Then, we formulate an optimization problem to determine, for a given power budget at the BS, what is the optimal distribution of low and highresolution ADCs that maximizes the sum SE. Interestingly, it is shown that in most realistic scenarios, using a larger number of antennas with only one-bit ADCs is the best approach.
Multiple bias analysis using logistic regression: an example from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

Abstract Purpose Exposure misclassification, selection bias, and confounding are important biases in epidemiologic studies, yet only confounding is routinely addressed quantitatively. We describe how to combine two previously described methods and adjust for multiple biases using logistic regression. Methods Weights were created from selection probabilities and predictive values for exposure classification and applied to multivariable logistic regression models in a case-control study of prepregnancy obesity (body mass index ≥30 vs. Results Adjusting for confounding by race/ethnicity, prepregnancy obesity, and CL/P were weakly associated (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.23). After weighting the data to account for exposure misclassification, missing exposure data, selection bias, and confounding, multiple bias-adjusted ORs ranged from 0.94 to 1.03 in nonprobabilistic bias analyses and median multiple bias-adjusted ORs ranged from 0.93 to 1.02 in probabilistic analyses. Conclusions This approach, adjusting for multiple biases using a logistic regression model, suggested that the observed association between obesity and CL/P could be due to the presence of bias.
Avoiding exercise mediates the effects of internalized and experienced weight stigma on physical activity in the years following bariatric surgery.

People living with severe obesity report high levels of weight-related stigma. Theoretically, this stigma undermines weight loss efforts. The objective of this study is to test one proposed mechanism to explain why weight loss is so difficult once an individual becomes obese: that weight-related stigma inhibits physical activity via demotivation to exercise. The study focused on individuals who had bariatric surgery within the past 5 years (N = 298) and who report a post-surgical body mass index (BMI) ranging from 16 to 70. Exercise avoidance motivation (EAM) and physical activity (PA) were modeled as latent variables using structural equation modeling. Two measures of weight stigma, the Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI) and the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) were modified for people with a long history of extreme obesity for use as observed predictors. Exercise avoidance motivation (EAM) significantly mediated the association between both experienced (SSI) and internalized (WBIS) weight stigma and physical activity (PA) in this population. Exercise avoidance motivation, influenced by weight stigma, may be a significant factor explaining the positive relationship between higher body weights with lower levels of physical activity.
Bound State Regge Trajectories in N=8 Supergravity

We describe here some recent work1 in which we undertook to investigate, based on the dynamics of N=8 supergravity, the existence of bound states in this system. We were motivated to some extent by the suggestion of Ellis, Gaillard, Maiani and Zumino2 (EGMZ) that N=8 supergravity could make contact with current particle phenomenology if one postulated a certain set of massless (before symmetry breaking) bound states transforming according to the local SU(8) invariance group that the theory may possess3. In their original proposal EGMZ assumed that these bound states had the quantum numbers of a so-called “current multiplet”: $${\left( { - 3/2} \right)_{\text{L}}},\;\left( { - 1} \right)_{\text{L}}^{\text{A}},\; \cdots \;\left( {5/2} \right)_{\text{L}}^{{\text{AB}}}\; \cdots \; + \left( {{\text{TCP}}\;{\text{conjugates}}} \right)$$ The particles of SU(5) GUT were to be found among these, following a sequence of symmetry breakings. It has also been argued” that in order to make the EGMZ scenario viable, one might have to postulate an infinite tower of massless particles.
International Trade and Economic Growth

The final chapter of the book is devoted to an extension of the two-sector model of economic growth to an open economy. We thus consider two countries, denoted as the “home” country (HC) and the “foreign” country (FC, or the rest of the world). The two goods will be, as before, consumption and investment.
Mixed Convection in Saturated Porous Media

Recent developments in mixed convection in saturated porous media are reviewed. Flow geometries include external flows (flat plates), horizontal layers and annuli, and vertical layers and annuli. Heat transfer results are generally presented in the form of Nusselt numbers as a function of Rayleigh and Peclet numbers. Generally, theoretical advances have left many key problems uninvestigated in the laboratory, and some areas remain where basic knowledge is needed to both test modelling assumptions and reveal fundamental flow phenomena. Nevertheless, a sufficient base of information exists so that correlations of practical value now exist for thermal engineering design for several flow geometries.
Cost differential among systemic therapies for breast, bladder, lung, and colon cancer.

e17541 Background: According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), national cancer care expenditures were an estimated $124.6 billion in 2010, of which a significant portion was attributed to che...
Social support patterns of middle-aged and older adults within a physical activity app: Secondary mixed method analysis

Background Physical activity (PA) is critical for maintaining independence and delaying mobility disability in aging adults. However, 27 to 44% of older adults in the United States are meeting the recommended PA level. Activity trackers are proving to be a promising tool to promote PA adherence through activity tracking and enhanced social interaction features. Although social support has been known to be an influential behavior change technique to promote PA, how middle-aged and older adults use the social interaction feature of mobile apps to provide virtual support to promote PA engagement remains mostly underexplored. Objective This study aimed to describe the social support patterns of middle-aged and older adults using a mobile app as part of a behavioral PA intervention. Methods Data from 35 participants (mean age 61.66 [SD 6] years) in a 12-week, home-based activity intervention were used for this secondary mixed method analysis. Participants were provided with a Jawbone Up24 activity monitor and an Apple iPad Mini installed with the UP app to facilitate self-monitoring and social interaction. All participants were given an anonymous account and encouraged to interact with other participants using the app. Social support features included comments and likes. Thematic coding was used to identify the type of social support provided within the UP app and characterize the levels of engagement from users. Participants were categorized as superusers or contributors, and passive participants were categorized as lurkers based on the literature. Results Over the 12-week intervention, participants provided a total of 3153 likes and 1759 comments. Most participants (n=25) were contributors, with 4 categorized as superusers and 6 categorized as lurkers. Comments were coded as emotional support, informational support, instrumental support, self-talk, and other, with emotional support being the most prevalent type. Conclusions Our cohort of middle-aged and older adults was willing to use the social network feature in an activity app to communicate with anonymous peers. Most of our participants were contributors. In addition, the social support provided through the activity app followed social support constructs. In sum, PA apps are a promising tool for delivering virtual social support to enhance PA engagement and have the potential to make a widespread impact on PA promotion. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01869348; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869348.
Experimental evidence that the maize Activator (ac) transposase can act on a non-transposable element promoter to repress reporter gene expression in transient plant assays.

The transposase (TPase) encoded by the maize Activator (Ac) transposable element (TE) has been shown to repress the Ac TPase gene promoter (a form of element ‘self-repression’). However, there is a lack of current experimental evidence to suggest that the Ac TPase can repress or activate the expression of non-TE gene promoters. Despite certain attributes of the maize Ac element and its TPase that might argue against such a broader, ‘second function’, that is, in regulating non-TE genes, the hypothesis that Ac TPase regulates gene expression was nevertheless tested in an in vivo tobacco BY-2 cell system using three different (non-TE) CaMV 35S promoters each linked to a gusA reporter gene. Four experiments were conducted; in each, BY-2 cells were co-transfected with two types of constructs: a CaMV 35S-gusA promoter construct (reporter) and an Ac expression construct (effector). In transient assays, a significant reduction in the magnitude of GUS enzyme activity was observed in the presence of an Ac effector (TPase-encoding) construct, below that observed for the ‘no effector construct’ treatment. A similar effector versus no effector comparison was made by Fridlender et al. [19], who studied Ac element ‘self-repression’. This Ac-associated GUS enzyme activity reduction was observed herein specifically for the gusA promoter construct with the 700 bp native CaMV 35S promoter region (a non-TE promoter). This construct contains 34 putative Ac TPase binding site motifs, 71% of which overlap one another on either DNA strand, motifs which also fall into the class of ‘CpG islands’ in plants. It is suggested that the Ac TPase can bind to such Ac DNA motifs and CpG islands existing within non-TE promoter regions, and can function as a regulator of transcription. Such a transcriptional mode of regulation has not been shown explicitly herein. The implications of the findings are discussed and a genomic (whole genome) regulation model is presented.
Nearly Complete Genome Sequences of 17 Enterovirus D68 Strains from Kansas City, Missouri, 2018.

ABSTRACT Here, we report 17 nearly complete genome sequences of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) isolated from Kansas City, MO, in 2018. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these strains belong to subclade B3, similar to the ones that caused the 2016 epidemics in the United States but different from the 2014 outbreak B1 strains.
Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo‐Redox Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Photo-redox mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (photo-ROMP) is an emerging ROMP technique that uses an organic redox mediator and a vinyl ether initiator, in contrast to metal-based initiators traditionally used in ROMP. The reversibility of the redox-mediated initiation and propagation steps enable spatiotemporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore a simple, inexpensive means of controlling molecular weight, using alpha olefins as chain transfer agents. This method enables access to low molecular weight oligomers, and molecular weights between 1 and 30 kDa can be targeted simply by altering the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method of molecular weight control was then used to synthesize a functionalized norbornene copolymer in a range of molecular weights for specific materials applications.
Approximate Hardware Techniques for Energy-Quality Scaling Across the System

For error-resilient applications, such as machine learning and signal processing, a significant improvement in energy efficiency can be achieved by relaxing exactness constraint on output quality. This paper presents a taxonomy of hardware techniques to exploit the trade-off between energy efficiency and quality in various computer subsystems. We classify approximate hardware techniques according to target subsystem and support for dynamic energy-quality scaling.
Information Accessibility in Alternative Formats in Postsecondary Education

This article reports on a survey of directors of disabled student services in the California State University system to determine what accommodations are being provided to print-disabled students a...
Selection history is relative

Abstract Visual attention can be tuned to specific features to aid in visual search. The way in which these search strategies are established and maintained is flexible, reflecting goal-directed attentional control, but can exert a persistent effect on selection that remains even when these strategies are no longer advantageous, reflecting an attentional bias driven by selection history. Apart from feature-specific search, recent studies have shown that attention can be tuned to target-nontarget relationships. Here we tested whether a relational search strategy continues to bias attention in a subsequent task, where the relationally better color and former target color both serve as distractors (Experiment 1) or as potential targets (Experiment 2). We demonstrate that a relational bias can persist in a subsequent task in which color serves as a task-irrelevant feature, both impairing and facilitating visual search performance. Our findings extend our understanding of the relational account of attentional control and the nature of selection history effects on attention.