cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of actin disassembly.

The actin cytoskeleton is constantly assembling and disassembling. Cells harness the energy of these turnover dynamics to drive cell motility and organize cytoplasm. Although much is known about ho...
Cell proliferation and oxidative stress pathways are modified in fibroblasts from Sturge–Weber syndrome patients

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is defined by vascular malformations of the face, eye and brain and an underlying somatic mutation has been hypothesized. We employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ-8plex)-based liquid chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach to identify differentially expressed proteins between port-wine-derived and normal skin-derived fibroblasts of four individuals with SWS. Proteins were identified that were significantly up- or down-regulated (i.e., ratios >1.2 or <0.8) in two or three pairs of samples (n = 31/972 quantified proteins) and their associated p values reported. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) tool showed that the up-regulated proteins were associated with pathways that enhance cell proliferation; down-regulated proteins were associated with suppression of cell proliferation. The significant toxicologic list pathway in all four observations was oxidative stress mediated by Nrf2. This proteomics study highlights oxidative stress also consistent with a possible mutation in the RASA1 gene or pathway in SWS.
THE NEUTROPHIL : MECHANISMS OF CONTROLLING PERIODONTAL BACTERIA

The control of potentially periodontopathic microorganisms by host neutrophils is crucial to periodontal health. Neutrophils may use oxidative or nonoxidative mechanisms and either kill bacteria, influence bacterial growth, or modify bacterial colonization in the periodontium. Delivery of antimicrobial substances by neutrophils involves respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis, secretion, or cytolysis/apoptosis. Neutrophils contain a number of antimicrobial components including calprotectin complex, lysozyme, defensins, cofactor-binding proteins, neutral serine proteases, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein, myeloperoxidase, and a NADPH oxidase system. Many of these components are multifunctional and exhibit several mechanisms of antimicrobial activity. When comparisons are made among periodontal bacteria, differences in sensitivity to different components are observed. A hypothesis of specific defense is presented: That specific periodontal diseases can result from the failure of specific aspects of the host immune system (the neutrophil, in particular) in its interaction with specific periodontal pathogens. Failure may be due to phenotypic variation (pleomorphism) within the host or bacterial evasive strategies.
Intranodal hemangioma of the oral soft tissues: A case report of a rare entity with review of the literature

The presentation of a primary vascular tumor in a lymph node is a rare occurrence. Only 16 documented cases have been reported to date, with none described in the oral soft tissues. This case report presents the first occurrence of an intra-nodal hemangioma of the oral soft tissue in an 11-year-old girl. A review of the literature is also presented.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLEFT LIP WITH OR WITHOUT CLEFT PALATE AND PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO DIAZEPAM

From 278 interviews of women who had infants with selected major malformations, a history of diazepam ingestion in the first trimester of pregnancy was found to be four times more frequent among mothers of children with a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate than among mothers of children with other defects. This association was one of many that was examined in the analysis; thus it is quite possible that it is simply due to chance. This report, however, is the second one linking diazepam to cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Until there are more data bearing on this question, this possible risk should be considered when prescribing diazepam for women in their reproductive years.
Understanding the Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Ambient Ionization Source through Optical Means

The advent of ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) has led to the development of a large number of atmospheric-pressure ionization sources. The largest group of such sources is based on electrical discharges; yet, the desorption and ionization processes that they employ remain largely uncharacterized. Here, the atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (APGD) and afterglow of a helium flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) ionization source were examined by optical emission spectroscopy. Spatial emission profiles of species created in the APGD and afterglow were recorded under a variety of operating conditions, including discharge current, electrode polarity, and plasma-gas flow rate. From these studies, it was found that an appreciable amount of atmospheric H2O vapor, N2, and O2 diffuses through the hole in the plate electrode into the discharge to become a major source of reagent ions in ADI-MS analyses. Spatially resolved plasma parameters, such as OH rotational temperature (Trot) and electron number density (ne), were also measured in the APGD. Maximum values for Trot and ne were found to be ~1100 K and ~4 × 1019 m–3, respectively, and were both located at the pin cathode. In the afterglow, rotational temperatures from OH and N2+ yielded drastically different values, with OH temperatures matching those obtained from infrared thermography measurements. The higher N2+ temperature is believed to be caused by charge-transfer ionization of N2 by He2+. These findings are discussed in the context of previously reported ADI-MS analyses with the FAPA source.
Ultra low on-resistance Super 3D MOSFET

For the purpose of reducing the power MOSFET on-resistance in the range of under 300V breakdown voltage, we have already proposed a new power MOSFET hat we call the Super 3D MOSFET. At 70V breakdown voltage, the simulated total specific on-resistance was 19 m/spl Omega/-mm/sup 2/ and below the R/sub on/ Si limit. In this work, we present the structural design for source and drain resistance in order to utilize the widened channel and drift path effectively. And also we mention the manufacturing influence of the in-depth distribution such as gate oxide thickness and doping concentration of drift layer to reduce the specific on-resistance. Furthermore, we will present the experimental results concerning the on-resistance reduction by deepening the structure.
Treatment outcome of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue/marginal zone non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma☆

Abstract Purpose : To evaluate the treatment outcome in patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)/marginal zone (MZ) non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods and Materials : Between 1986 and 2000, 66 patients with clinical stage (CS) I–IV MALT/MZ NHL were treated; these comprise the study population. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier technique. Forty-five patients (68%) had CS I–II and 21 (32%) had CS III–IV disease. Twenty-nine of the 45 CS I–II patients received radiation therapy (RT) alone, and 6 patients had surgery and RT. The median RT dose was 3350 cGy. Among the 21 CS III–IV patients, treatment included chemotherapy alone (15), chemotherapy + RT (3), surgery (1), surgery + chemotherapy (1), and RT alone (1). Median follow-up was 48 months. Results : All 35 early-stage and all 4 advanced-stage patients who received RT as part of initial treatment achieved local control. Among the 63 evaluable patients, the 5-year OS and PFS were 90 and 57%, respectively. The 5-year OS was 93% and PFS was 75% among CS I–II patients; the corresponding estimates in CS III–IV patients were 83% and 14%, respectively. Conclusions : Modest doses of RT provide excellent local control in patients with MALT/MZ NHL. The poor PFS in advanced-stage patients suggests the need to develop alternative systemic treatment strategies for this disease.
Zinc Finger Interactions with Metals and Other Small Molecules

Zinc fingers encompass a wide variety of compact protein domains that are stabilized by a structural zinc ion which minimally interacts with a cysteine-rich coordination sphere. The selectivity for zinc ion binding is governed by coordinating amino acid side chains and by thermodynamic parameters. Since metal coordination spheres in zinc finger proteins are susceptible to chemical attack (principally at thiolates) and because zinc finger proteins have prominent roles in many cellular processes including the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction, an underlying mechanism for a number of cellular dysfunctions is likely to be the disruption of zinc coordination spheres by a variety of metals and other small molecules. For instance, a number of toxicity mechanisms are likely to be the consequence of zinc replacement by xenobiotic metals resulting in changes in polypeptide conformation and the concomitant loss of protein function. Zinc finger disruption could also occur by oxidation and modification of critical cysteine and histidine amino acids in the zinc coordination sphere resulting in zinc release and alteration of conformation. The chemical reactivity of metal coordination spheres of zinc finger proteins are utilized in normal physiological processes by providing regulatory sites for signal transduction via small molecules like nitric oxide and oxygen and their reactive intermediates. In addition, zinc finger proteins and their metal binding sites are promising targets for specific drug design to help ameliorate major diseases.
Idiosyncratic Risk and Development in Developing Countries

This paper examines the impact of idiosyncratic risk management on economic development in developing countries. Based on data from the World Bank, we use a sample of twenty-seven developing economies and find that selected indicators related to risk management at the household level do have a statistically significant effect on economic development in these countries. Regression results show that almost four-fifths of cross-developing country variations in purchasing power parity per capita gross national income can be explained by its linear dependency on the percentage of the population aged over 25 who have completed the tertiary level of education, education quality as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment reading mean score, the under-five mortality rate, and access to social insurance as measured by the percentage of the population aged 60 and over who are beneficiaries of social insurance.
Asymptotic description of schematic models for CKN

Abstract The fits of 0.4Ca(NO3)20.6 K(NO3) (CKN) by schematic mode-coupling models [V. Krakoviack, C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002), 2161] are analyzed by asymptotic expansions. The validity of both the power-law and the Cole–Cole-peak solutions for the critical spectrum are investigated. It is found that the critical spectrum derived from the fits is described by both expansions equally well when both expansions are carried out up to next-to-leading order. The expansions up to this order describe the data for 373 K over two orders of magnitude in frequency. In this regime an effective power-law ωa can be identified where the observed exponent a is smaller than its calculated value by about 15%; this finding can be explained by corrections to the leading-order terms in the asymptotic expansions. For higher temperatures, even smaller effective exponents are caused by a crossover to the alpha-peak spectrum.
Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age comparing hybrid and Norwood procedures

OBJECTIVES: Neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are at risk of high mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity. As an alternative to Norwood-type stage I palliation, the hybrid procedure has been developed. It consists of bilateral pulmonary artery banding, catheter-based stenting of the arterial duct and balloon atrioseptostomy and delays open-heart surgery. Thus, it may be associated with a better outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with HLHS and other univentricular heart (UVH) defects treated with hybrid or Norwood procedures. METHODS: Thirty-one children (18 males) with HLHS and other UVH defects undergoing Norwood or hybrid procedure between 2004 and 2008 were consecutively enrolled. Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age were determined. RESULTS: One-year mortality was 36% (31% in the hybrid vs. 39% in the Norwood group, P = 0.71). Predictors of mortality were lower birth weight (P = 0.02), older age at first procedure (P= 0.02) and smaller size of ascending aorta (P = 0.05). Overall, median psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were lower than the norm of 100 [PDI 57 (49–99), P < 0.001; MDI 91 (65–109), P = 0.002]. No effect of surgical treatment on neurodevelopmental outcome was found. Predictors of impaired motor outcome were length of hospital stay (LOHS) (P = 0.01), lower body weight at second procedure (P= 0.004) and female sex (P = 0.01). Predictors of impaired cognitive outcome were longer mechanical ventilation time (P= 0.03), intensive care unit stay (P = 0.04) and LOHS (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality at 1 year of age is comparable between patients undergoing hybrid and Norwood procedures. Early neurodevelopmental outcome is significantly impaired in patients with both HLHS and other UVH defects. Multicentre randomized studies are needed to determine the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children treated with the hybrid procedure.
A wireless neural interface for chronic recording

A primary goal of the integrated neural interface project (INIP) is to develop a wireless, implantable device capable of recording neural activity from 100 micromachined electrodes. The heart of this recording system is a low-power integrated circuit that amplifies 100 weak neural signals, detects spikes with programmable threshold-crossing circuits, and returns these data via digital radio telemetry. The chip receives power, clock, and command signals through a coil-to-coil inductive link. Here we report that the isolated integrated circuit successfully recorded and wirelessly transmitted digitized electrical activity from peripheral nerve and cortex at 15.7 kS/s. The chip also simultaneously performed accurate on-chip spike detection and wirelessly transmitted the spike threshold-crossing data. We also present preliminary successful results from full system integration and packaging.
The Growing Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

For many patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring ventilator support, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is preferable to invasive support by tracheostomy. Currently available evidence does not support the use of nocturnal NIV in unselected patients with stable COPD. Several European studies have reported benefit for high intensity NIV, in which setting of inspiratory pressure and respiratory rate are selected to achieve normocapnia. There have also been studies reporting benefit for the use of NIV as an adjunct to exercise training. NIV may be useful as an adjunct to airway clearance techniques in patients with cystic fibrosis. Accumulating evidence supports the use of NIV in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. There is considerable observational evidence supporting the use of NIV in patients with chronic respiratory failure related to neuromuscular disease, and one randomized controlled trial reported that the use of NIV was life-prolonging in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A variety of interfaces can be used to provide NIV in patients with stable chronic respiratory failure. The mouthpiece is an interface that is unique in this patient population, and has been used with success in patients with neuromuscular disease. Bi-level pressure ventilators are commonly used for NIV, although there are now a new generation of intermediate ventilators that are portable, have a long battery life, and can be used for NIV and invasive applications. Pressure support ventilation, pressure controlled ventilation, and volume controlled ventilation have been used successfully for chronic applications of NIV. New modes have recently become available, but their benefits await evidence to support their widespread use. The success of NIV in a given patient population depends on selection of an appropriate patient, selection of an appropriate interface, selection of an appropriate ventilator and ventilator settings, the skills of the clinician, the motivation of the patient, and the support of the family.
Hsp101 is necessary for heat tolerance but dispensable for development and germination in the absence of stress

Hsp101 is a molecular chaperone that is required for the development of thermotolerance in plants and other organisms. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana Hsp101 is also regulated during seed development in the absence of stress, in a pattern similar to that seen for LEA proteins and small Hsps; protein accumulates during mid-maturation and is stored in the dry seed. Two new alleles of the locus encoding Hsp101 (HOT1) were isolated from Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant populations. One allele, hot1-3, contains an insertion within the second exon and is null for Hsp101 protein expression. Despite the complete absence of Hsp101 protein, plant growth and development, as well as seed germination, are normal, demonstrating that Hsp101 chaperone activity is not essential in the absence of stress. In thermotolerance assays hot1-3 shows a similar, though somewhat more severe, phenotype to the previously described missense allele hot1-1, revealing that the hot1-1 mutation is also close to null for protein activity. The second new mutant allele, hot1-2, has an insertion in the promoter 101 bp 5' to the putative TATA element. During heat stress the hot1-2 mutant produces normal levels of protein in hypocotyls and 10-day-old seedlings, and it is wild type for thermotolerance at these stages. Thus this mutation has not disrupted the minimal promoter sequence required for heat regulation of Hsp101. The hot1-2 mutant also expresses Hsp101 in seeds, but at a tenfold reduced level, resulting in reduced thermotolerance of germinating seeds and underscoring the importance of Hsp101 to seed stress tolerance.
Comparative study of high-performance GPS receiving antenna designs

The FAA decision allowing the use of the global positioning system (GPS) as a radio navigation and landing help system in the United States commercial airports boosts the need for a high-performance GPS receiver which provides the demanded precision. The design of the receiving antenna is one of the most important parts in the design process, as it has to face significant challenges including uniform coverage of all satellites and the rejection of the multipath signals. The rejection of the multipath signals is accomplished by specifying restrictive criteria to the GPS antenna. This includes a high rejection of the cross-polarized signals and a radiation pattern with a sharp slope for low-elevation angles; that is, near the horizon. The feasibility of using different types of antennas to satisfy restrictive criteria such as dual-frequency coverage (L1 and L2 frequencies), -15 dB cross-polarization rejection, and a beamwidth of more than 130/spl deg/ is discussed. The antenna designs examined in this study include patch antennas, helical antennas, and conical spiral antennas. Two different receiver designs were also examined including a single-antenna system with a hemispherical coverage and an antenna array which may provide independent sectoral coverage or the desired beamwidth. It is shown that a design based on a conical spiral antenna backed with absorbing material may be used to satisfy all the desired specifications. This result was confirmed experimentally.
Experimental Evidence for Beneficial Fitness Effects of Gene Flow in Recently Isolated Populations

A rich theory has been developed to explain the evolution of populations at equilibrium conditions of gene flow, inbreeding, and selection. There are, however, few empirical examples of the effects of gene flow into recently isolated, small populations under nonequilibrium conditions, such as are expected following population fragmentation. We studied the effects of inbreeding and gene flow in small, experimental popula- tions of the mustard Brassica campestris ( rapa ). Replicate populations of five individuals randomly mated in a growth room received treatments of 0, 1, or 2.5 migrants each generation. Plants from the sixth experimen- tal generation were planted in an outdoor common garden to evaluate the effects of the treatments on fitness and the distribution of phenotypic variation. Regression of six fitness components on inbreeding coefficients indicated a negative effect of inbreeding on fitness for five of these components. The 0-migrant treatment had significantly lower fitness than the migrant treatments for four of six fitness components, but fitness did not differ between the 1-migrant and 2.5-migrant treatments. Phenotypic divergence among populations de- creased with an increased number of migrants. These data provide empirical evidence of the beneficial fit- ness effects of a small number of migrants for recently fragmented populations.
Socioeconomic status affects oral and manual exploration across the first year.

Oral and manual exploration are part of the foundation of problem solving and cognition in infancy. How these develop in an at-risk population, infants in poverty, is unknown. The current study tested exploratory behaviors longitudinally at 6, 9, and 12 months in infants from high- and low-socioeconomic (SES) families. Oral exploration consisted of passive and active mouthing and looks after active mouthing. Manual exploration consisted of frequency of fingering, rotating, and transferring the object. High-SES infants replicated the trajectory previously reported in the literature, showing a decrease in mouthing and fingering and an increase in rotating and transferring (e.g., Palmer, 1989). In contrast, low-SES infants showed no change in any of the manual exploratory behaviors over the first year, thus demonstrating reduced overall levels of exploration as well as a different developmental trajectory. Results are discussed in terms of attention, potential physiological mechanisms, and implications for later problem solving. Abstracts translated in Spanish, French, German, and Japanese can be found on the abstract page of each article on Wiley Online Library at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imhj.
Estimating the Long-Term Hydrological Budget over Heterogeneous Surfaces

Abstract Estimates of the hydrological budget in the Walnut River Watershed (WRW; ∼5000 km2) of southern Kansas were made with a parameterized subgrid-scale surface (PASS) model for the period 1996–2002. With its subgrid-scale distribution scheme, the PASS model couples surface meteorological observations with satellite remote sensing data to update root-zone available moisture and to simulate surface evapotranspiration rates at high resolution over extended areas. The PASS model is observationally driven, making use of extensive parameterizations of surface properties and processes. Heterogeneities in surface conditions are spatially resolved to an extent determined primarily by the satellite data pixel size. The purpose of modeling the spatial and interannual variability of water budget components at the regional scale is to evaluate the PASS model's ability to bridge a large grid cell of a climate model with its subgrid-scale variation. Modeled results indicate that annual total evapotranspiration at t...
BiasTrust: teaching biased users about controversial topics

Deciding whether a claim is true or false often requires understanding the evidence supporting and contradicting the claim. However, when learning about a controversial claim, human biases and viewpoints may affect which evidence documents are considered "trustworthy" or credible. It is important to overcome this bias and know both viewpoints to get a balanced perspective. In this paper, we study various factors that affect learning about the truthfulness of controversial claims. We designed a user study to understand the impact of these factors. Specifically, we studied the impact of presenting evidence with contrasting viewpoints and source expertise rating on how users accessed the evidence documents. This would help us optimize how to teach users about controversial topics in the most effective way, and to design better claim verification systems. We find that users do not seek contrasting viewpoints by themselves, but explicitly presenting contrasting evidence helps them get a well-rounded understanding of the topic. Furthermore, explicit knowledge of the source credibility and the context not only affects what users read, but also how credible they perceive the document to be.
Scheduling with QoS constraints over Rayleigh fading channels

We consider the problem of scheduling packets from multiple flows over a Rayleigh fading wireless channel. Recently, there has been much interest in opportunistic scheduling, i.e., scheduling packets from a user who has the highest SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), to maximize the network's throughput. In this paper, we compare the throughput achievable under fair opportunistic scheduling (i.e., a modification of opportunistic scheduling to ensure fair resource allocation) with the throughput under time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheduling. Using large deviations to characterize the probability that the QoS constraint (an upper bound on delay) is violated, we numerically compare the performance of the two scheduling algorithms under various channel conditions. We show that the opportunistic scheduler outperforms the TDM scheduler when the number of users is small but the TDM scheduler performs better when the number of users exceeds a threshold which depends on the channel parameters.
Invasiveness in plant communities with feedbacks

The detrimental effects of invasive plant species on ecosystems are well documented. While much research has focused on discovering ecological influences associated with invasiveness, it remains unclear how these influences interact, causing some introduced exotic species to become invasive threats. Here we develop a framework that incorporates the influences of propagule pressure, frequency independent growth rates, feedback relationships, resource competition and spatial scale of interactions. Our results show that these ecological influences interact in complex ways, resulting in expected outcomes ranging from inability to establish, to naturalization, to conditional invasion dependent on quantity and spatial distribution of propagules, to unconditional takeover. We propose a way to predict the likelihood of these four possible outcomes, for a species recently introduced into a given target community. Such information could enable conservation biologists to craft strategies and target remediation efforts more efficiently and effectively in order to help maintain biodiversity in ecological communities.
Predicting Nonsentinel Node Status After Positive Sentinel Lymph Biopsy for Breast Cancer: Clinicians Versus Nomogram

With increasing frequency, breast cancer patients and clinicians are questioning the need for completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the setting of a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN). We previously developed a nomogram to estimate the likelihood of residual disease in the axilla after a positive SLN biopsy result. In this study, we compared the predictions of clinical experts with those generated by the nomogram and evaluated the ability of the nomogram to change clinicians’ behavior. Pathologic features of the primary tumor and SLN metastases of 33 patients who underwent completion ALND were presented to 17 breast cancer specialists. Their predictions for each patient were recorded and compared with results from our nomogram. Subsequently, clinicians were presented with clinical information for eight patients and asked whether they would perform a completion ALND before and after being presented with the nomogram prediction. The predictive model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of .72 when applied to the test data set of 33 patients. In comparison, the clinicians as a group were associated with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of .54 (P < .01 vs. nomogram). With regard to performing a completion ALND, providing nomogram results did not alter surgical planning. Our predictive model seemed to substantially outperform clinical experts. Despite this, clinicians were unlikely to change their surgical plan based on nomogram results. It seems that most clinicians can improve their predictive ability by using the nomogram to predict the likelihood of additional non-SLN metastases in a woman with a positive SLN biopsy result.
The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Liquefaction:

Abstract The most pervasive and damaging effects of liquefaction generated by the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake occurred in the Big Lost River and Thousand Springs Valleys above Mackay Reservoir. Less severe effects occurred in the Big Lost River Valley south of Mackay Reservoir and in the Pahsimeroi Valley. Nearly all of the liquefaction effects developed in floodplain alluvium of late Holocene age. However, the sediment that liquefied beneath the alluvial fans on the east side of the Thousand Springs Valley was deposited in late Pleistocene time. The distance from the fault to the farthest effect of liquefaction was unusually short for an MS = 7.2 event. The distribution of liquefaction effects were consistent, however, with the distribution of MMI intensity and estimated peak ground motion parameters, both of which attenuated more rapidly than is generally expected for an earthquake of this type and magnitude.
Adjusting Radial Surveys

Three possibilities are investigated in order to determine quantitative estimates of point variance-covariance estimates, when the points are located by the radial technique. The necessary equations are presented for unique propagation, averaging, and rigorous least squares formulation. A specific example is considered and numerical and graphical results are given. It is concluded that, for the example considered, an adjustment of any type may not be necessary. If an adjustment is considered necessary, it is recommended that two independent data sets be taken from a single control point, and the relatively simple averaging technique be used for an adjustment
Comparative study of orosomucoid preparations from sera of six species of mammals.

SummaryHighly soluble, acidic, carbohydrate-rich proteins have been isolated from the serum of 6 animal species by a fractionation procedure employing ammonium sulfate. All of the preparations contained large amounts of hexose, hexosamine, and “sialic acid,” and were not coagulated by heat. The major component of each preparation had an isoelectric point below pH 4.5, and resembled the orosomucoid isolated from human serum. Differences in chemical composition and in electrophoretic mobility were observed in preparations from different species.
Gratitude, memories, and meaning in medicine.

The card, with its picture of a bouquet of flowers, was on my desk when I arrived at the hospital on Monday morning. I opened it, assuming it was a thank-you note from an interviewee for our residency program. But the handwriting was that of an elderly person who had taken the pains to write, with slants and slopes necessitated by decreased mobility. Under the printed lines, “A little ray to brighten your day. Thinking of you,” the sender had written, “My mother, Mary Louise Kelly, '83–'84, would be pleased with your role at MGH. Please remember to wear a . . .
Medical and surgical advances in the radical prostatectomy patient.

Maintaining the quality of life after surgery in the radical prostatectomy patient is of paramount importance. One of the major dilemmas in surgical management of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is preservation of the neurovascular bundle and, hence, erectile function and the continence mechanism. This manuscript addresses anatomical considerations for the surgeon and discusses the following issues with regard to medical and surgical therapies: (1) incidence of erectile dysfunction solely due to complications during RRP; (2) nerve damage during RRP; (3) vascular damage during RRP; (4) current medical and surgical therapies for restoring or maintaining potency; and (5) new advances on the horizon for management of the prostatectomy patient.
The Continuing Saga of Little Albert in Introductory Psychology Textbooks

Inaccuracies, especially concerning the stimulus generalization findings, in textbook descriptions of the Little Albert study have been well documented since the 1970s. However, there has not been ...
Mathematical Aspects of the Completion

This chapter deals with the mathematics in the Completion. I shall discuss several aspects of Ibn al-Haytham’s method and style in relation to his sources and his other works.
FERROXIDASE I AND IIIN CAPD PATIENTS

In 32 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 56 healthy subjects, ferroxidase I (ceruloplasmin) and ferroxidase II activity were estimated in serum; in 12 of th...
Analysis on Secondary Stress for Steel-Tube Tower of 1000 kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines on Same Tower

The course of Chinese first 1 000 kV UHV double AC tower–SZT2 full-scale test is introduced. Appling transmission tower design software, modeled tower-SZT2 with link element. Based on FEA software ANSYS, SZT2 steel-tube tower models with beam-link element are presented, the two calculating results are compared with the testing results, the distributions of secondary stress and the influences on tower-SZT2 behavior of total structure are analyzed. The results indicate that, it is tower-SZT2 main member gradient changed that influenced by secondary stress most, in other condition invariable situations, the percentage of secondary stress influences is reduced with the increase of rate of length to steel-tube’s diameter, the percentage of secondary stress on several members has reached 30%, it should be considered in design.
Effect of xerostomic medications on stimulated salivary flow rate in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of xerostomic medications on the salivary output of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. METHOD AND MATERIALS Of 62 patients evaluated in this study, 23 were not using medication, and 39 were using between 1 and 6 medications with xerostomic side effect. RESULTS The mean +/- SEM stimulated parotid output was 0.33 +/- 0.07 mL/min per gland for patients who were not using medication and 0.33 +/- 0.04 mL/min per gland for patients using (1 to 6) medications. Analyses did not reveal a significant difference in salivary output between these groups. The salivary output of patients using various numbers of medications (1 or 2; 3 or 4; 5 or 6) was also compared. Analysis revealed no significant difference in salivary output related to the number of xerostomic medications used. CONCLUSION The use of xerostomic medications may not necessarily affect stimulated parotid flow rate in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. These results suggested that gustatory stimulation may be adequate to overcome the inhibitory effect induced by xerostomic medications.
Characterize server platform voltage regulator performance beyond power conversion

Higher density, tighter margin and lower cost power solutions for the cutting edge datacenter require more characterization of voltage regulator (VR) beyond its power conversion performance such as voltage ratio and efficiency. Fast transient, ground noise sharing and high frequency switching noises coupling to high speed IO are some of the technical aspects that need to be predicted and designed to meet system requirements. Digital VR controller models with nonlinear functionalities, full wave power stage models and its associated packaging and layout must be extracted in order to fully understand switching VR behavior and power delivery performance. Real examples on design tradeoffs using those characterization methods are presented.
The “Burning Body” as an Icon of Resistance: Literary Representations of Jan Palach

In ‘68, Czechoslovakia’s attempt at widespread political reform, which became known as the “Prague Spring,” attracted worldwide attention. Under the leadership of Alexander Dubcek, who famously described the movement’s aim as “socialism with a human face,” the regime allowed a level of freedom (including a virtual end to press censorship) that had not been seen since the Communist rise to power twenty years earlier. However, these developments were brought abruptly to an end by the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia that August. While the first weeks of the occupation inspired widespread public protests, opposition had gradually broken down by the beginning of the following year. On January 16, 1969, twenty-year-old university student Jan Palach set himself on fire in Prague’s Wenceslas Square in protest against the growing Czech apathy toward the occupation. He succumbed to the burns three days later, leaving behind a letter that he signed “Torch Number 1.” This event was a traumatic turning point that both shocked the Czechs, who had been withdrawing into stunned passivity, and unified them; his funeral in Prague drew thousands of mourners and became a major demonstration of anti-Soviet sentiment. As one man, waiting in line to see Palach’s coffin, lamented, “What a country we live in! Where the only light for the future is the burning body of a young boy.”1 By the end ofthat year, thousands of Czechs and Slovaks had gone into exile, and all calls for reform had been effectively silenced, but Jan Palach
Connectedness, Compactness, and Continuity

A set is called connected if it has no separation. An equivalent formulation of this definition is that a set is connected if whenever it is written as the union of two nonempty, disjoint sets, at least one of them should contain a limit point of the other. The empty set and every set that consists of exactly one point is a connected set. The connectedness is an absolute property of sets, that is, it does not depend on the space in which the set is contained except that the topology should be the relative topology. A dispersion point of a topological space is a point that is contained in every connected subset of the space consisting of more than one point. A topological space is compact if any family of closed sets having the finite intersection property has a nonempty intersection. Every closed subset of a compact space is compact and a compact subset of a topological space is countably compact.
Critically Examining Policy Workers and Policy Work Within State Boards of Education

This chapter outlines a set of critical policy studies focused on State Boards of Education, a policy entity that has received extremely little attention from the research community, traditional and critical alike. The chapter opens with an overview of research that has been conducted on state boards, the majority of which is offered through a traditional perspective. The remainder of the chapter is divided into three sections that outline inquiry projects focused on state boards. The first sub-section outlines a critical historical analysis, a core strategy of critical theorists interested in the historical roots and evolution of institutions, norms, and beliefs. The second sub-section explores how critical feminist theory could be used to examine the power and authority of state boards and individual members. The third sub-section suggests an analysis of state boards as policy actors, including governing models, policy roles, responsibilities and authorities, and policy actor interactions and networks.
The Physical Aspects with Respect to Water and Non-Enzymatic Browning

Non-enzymatic browning is one of the major problems that occurs during the processing and storage of dehydrated and semi-moist foods. One type of browning is the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and proteins or free amines. This leads to a darkening of color, protein insolubility with subsequent possible nutrition loss and a bitter off-flavor. The reaction has been extensively researched since the early 1940’s. From a storage standpoint, browning rate increases as water activity (aw) increases up to a maximum where reactant dilution causes a subsequent decrease in rate. Use of liquid humectants in high moisture foods increase phase volume and viscosity, thereby lowering the aw of the rate maximum. These humectants thus act as inhibitors at high aw. Sorbitol also decreases the rate by a viscosity effect. Kinetic studies at normal storage conditions show browning to occur by a zero order reaction although the sugar and amine initial reaction occurs by first order. Studies with Tetrahymena show that the initial Schiff’s base and reaction products may be partially biologically available although chemical assays show up to 50% loss of protein value. For dehydrated foods the zero order kinetics can be used to predict shelf life under a variable time-temperature-humidity condition.
The Richard Willstätter controversy: The legacy of anti-Semitism in the West German chemical industry

It has been fifty years since German industrialists stood trial for war crimes in Nuremberg. In this period, countless volumes have been published about every aspect of the big business / Nazi relationship—from the rise of Hitler, to Nazi economics, to rearmament and forced labor, to prosecution, denazification, and dismantling after 1945.1 Of all the branches of German business, the chemical industry—by virtue of the powerfully compromised I.G. Farben—has received the most scrutiny. Much of this can be attributed to both the popular allure and the ideological utility of the I.G. story.2 In films and in television specials, in popular anti-business tracts and in scholarly literature, I.G. Farben has been invoked repeatedly as a study in technology’s dark side. The world’s greatest chemists and industrialists, whether willfully or cravenly, whether as individuals or as “capitalists,” are transformed into the accomplices of an evil regime. Notwithstanding the often exaggerated, fable-like quality of I.G. Farben’s history, the links between the chemical trust and National Socialism are real and well documented.3
“Stir-Frying” Internet Finance: Financialization and the Institutional Role of Financial News in China

This article describes the institutional role of Chinese financial news in the deepening process of financialization in China. It analyzes the 300 most viewed articles on Sina Finance to examine how the mainstream financial news choose topics, themes, and styles in reporting “Internet finance,” a business category initiated by the Chinese state in 2013 to vitalize the finance sector and offset economic slowdown. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses reveals that the major Chinese media outlets aggressively promoted the technological advantages of Internet finance and its profit potential in stock markets while obscuring the risks, uncertainties, and regulatory constraints inherent in it. Drawing on the institutional theory in media studies, this article argues that the mainstream financial news in China functions as a political, economic, and cultural-cognitive institution supporting the informatization and marketization of the finance sector. Such an institutional role is both a corollary and propeller of the increasingly financialized economy and culture in China.
Blind Channel Shorteners

Abstract Although blind, adaptive algorithms for equalization are widely studied, hitherto there has been little academic attention given to blind, adaptive algorithms for channel shortening. Channel shortening is needed to preserve subcarrier orthogonality in multicarrier modulation, and it can be used to dramatically reduce the complexity of maximum likelihood sequence estimation and multiuser detection. This paper reviews the channel shortening problem from a tutorial perspective, and shows how it is an extension of traditional equalization. It is shown that traditional methods of devising blind, adaptive equalization algorithms cannot be easily applied to the channel shortening problem. The paper concludes with a discussion of several new property restoral algorithms that enable blind. adaptive channel shortening.
Internet for education

Internet is rapidly becoming a household word, a synonym for the "information superhighway", a part of the National Information Infrastructure (Nil) in place today. When reviewing the educational use for Internet, one must consider the target user, potential purpose, strength and limitations of the technology, current applications, and the potential for improvement. Originating in academia, the advanced technology evolved among the computing elite. Encouraging the computer user to use the system may prove to be frustrating and premature. Inventors and innovators in computer science developed networking technology and telecommunications for educational use. Today’s educators have become accustomed to computer technology developed for the single user. New Internet users are immersed in technical detail. Applications that capitalize on Internet capability are still in the developmental phase. Extensive use of the current Internet may lead to unacceptably slow response times. A "killer" Internet application has yet to emerge. This paper will provide a brief overview of the technology and focus on areas that create problems. Improvement opportunities are in areas which develop an easy uniform interface which enhances work but hides the underlying technology.
Evidence for a force-dependent component of calcium binding to cardiac troponin C

The duration of activation in cardiac muscle is a function of the load. On the basis of studies of Ca2+ transients in muscles subjected to quick release, it has been suggested that force or shortening-mediated changes in Ca2+-troponin C affinity may provide a mechanism for a contraction-activation feedback. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the formation of force-generating complexes between actin and myosin enhances the affinity of cardiac troponin C for Ca2+. This was done by first establishing the normal relationship between Ca2+ binding and force development in chemically skinned bovine ventricular muscle bundles and then comparing the Ca2+-saturation curves obtained with relaxed and contracting muscle bundles. A double isotope technique was used to measure Ca2+ binding during ATP-induced force generation and during relaxation maintained by the phosphate analogue vanadate. The results showed that the generation of force was associated with an enhanced binding of Ca2+ to the Ca2+-specific regulatory site of cardiac troponin C. These data provide direct evidence that feedback between force and activation in the heart may be mediated by the Ca2+-regulatory site of troponin C.
Use of Two Song Types by Townsend's Warblers (Setophaga townsendi) in Migration

ABSTRACT.— The use of song by wood-warblers (Parulidae) with multiple song types has received little attention during migration. On the breeding area, the two song types serve to attract mates and defend territory, but the function(s) during migration, if any, are unclear. I studied the singing of Townsend's Warblers (Setophaga townsendi) during spring migration through southern Oregon and northern California. Males preferentially used Type II songs (79%) whether alone or in flocks of up to ∼20 individuals. Type I songs of wood-warblers tend to be acquired early in the hatch year while Type II songs appear to be subject to modification over an extended period of time. The preference for Type II songs in migration may reflect an important period in the development of Type II song. More than one dialect of Type I song was recorded within flocks indicating that flocks were composed of individuals from different breeding populations. Type II songs are recognizably similar in breeding populations from central ...