cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium intake in very low birth weight infants: is more always better?

In this issue of Jornal de Pediatria Tanaka et al. publish results of their detailed study to assess the influence of fortification of banked human breast milk feeding on urinary fractional excretion of sodium specific gravity and osmolality. To our knowledge no study in very low birth weight infants to date has examined strict sodium balance in this premature population first achieving postnatal growth with enteric feeding of human breast milk. The authors assume and I think correctly that human breast milk is the best nutritional resource for feeding premature human babies. However some controversy still exists regarding the efficacy of human milk fortifier [in this study FM85 (Nestle) at 5 g per 100 mL of breast milk providing an additional supply of 1 g of protein 3.4 g of carbohydrates 20 mg of sodium 75 mg of calcium and 45 mg of phosphorus]. While bone mineral content may be increased to values comparable to those in term infants with fortification follow-up at 44 weeks postconceptional age was not affected by previous mineral supplementation. Indeed Tanaka et al. state in their discussion "the parameters evaluated are basically restricted to calcium phosphorus alkaline phosphatase and urea. Rarely is serum sodium evaluated." And their own data do not demonstrate significantly enhanced growth rates resulting from breast milk fortification nor did they propose to evaluate bone mineralization as the result of breast milk fortification. (excerpt)
Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil

Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are endemic in pork producing countries around the world. The emergence of the pandemic 2009 human H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1) raised questions about the occurrence of this virus in Brazilian swine population. During a 2009-2010 swine influenza virus research project at Embrapa Swine and Poultry (CNPSA), an outbreak of a highly transmissible H1N1 influenza A virus disease was detected in a pig herd in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The virus caused a mild disease in growing pigs and sows without mortality. Three clinically affected piglets were euthanized. Gross lesions included mild to moderate consolidation of cranioventral areas of the lung. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by necrotizing obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against type A influenza virus nucleoprotein revealed positive staining in the nuclei of the bronchiolar epithelial cells. Lung tissue from three piglets and nasal swabs from five sows and four piglets were positive for influenza A by RT-PCR. Influenza virus was isolated from one lung, later confirmed by the hemagglutination test (HA titer 1:128) and RT-PCR. Sequence analyses of Hemmaglutinin (HA) and Matrix (M) genes revealed that the virus was consistent with the pandemic (A/H1N1) 2009 influenza virus strain that circulated in humans. This is the first report of an outbreak of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil.
High-precision shape measurement by white-light interferometry with real-time scanner error correction

White-light interferometric techniques allow high-precision shape measurement of objects with discontinuous structures by detecting the peak of the coherence envelope. These techniques assume a specific change in the optical path difference (OPD) between the interfering beams; however, the scanning device effecting that change often introduces OPD errors that are carried over to the measurements. We present a technique for measuring OPD changes from the collected interference fringes during each measurement. Information about the scan is directly fed into the algorithm, which compensates for the errors, resulting in improved measurement accuracy. The method corrects not only the scanner errors but also slowly varying vibrations. In addition, this technique can be easily adapted to any existing low-coherence interferometer because no large data storage or postprocessing is required.
Rational, Log Canonical, Du Bois Singularities: On the Conjectures of Kollár and Steenbrink ?

Let X be a proper complex variety with Du Bois singularities. Then H(X,iℂ)→ Hi(X,\({\mathcal{O}}\)X) is surjective for all i. This property makes this class of singularities behave well with regard to Kodaira type vanishing theorems. Steenbrink conjectured that rational singularities are Du Bois and Koller conjectured that log canonical singularities are Du Bois. Koller also conjectured that under some reasonable extra conditions Du Bois singularities are log canonical. In this article Steenbrink's conjecture is proved in its full generality, Koller's first conjecture is proved under some extra conditions and Koller's second conjecture is proved under a set of reasonable conditions, and shown that these conditions cannot be relaxed.
Four-membered rings in silica and aluminosilicate glasses

Assignment of the peaks near 485 em-I in vibrational spectra ofSi02-M7;:;Al02(where M = an alkali or alkaline earth element) glasses to v,(T-O-T) modes in four-membered rings was tested with molecular orbital calculations. Potential energy minima of cyclic (HsSimAln012)n- (where m + n = 4), Li2HsSi2A12012, Mg2HsA14012, (H6Si2AI09)1-,and LiH6Si2AI09molecules were calculated. Force-constant analyses of the potential-energyminimized structures predict v,(T-O-T) modes between 490 and 430 cm-1 depending on the number of Al atoms in the negatively charged four-membered rings and v,(T-O-T) modes at 525 and 545 em-I in Li2HsSi2A12012 and Mg2HsA14012, respectively. The theoretical frequency shift of the v,(T-0- T) mode calculated for the (HsSimAlnOI2)n- rings is consistent with the experimentally observed shifts of the peaks at 495-485 and 495-515 em-I in glasses along the Si02-NaAlSi04 and Si02-CaA12Si20s joins, respectively (McMillan et al. 1982; Seifert et al. 1982). Force-constant analyses of (H6Si2AI09)1-and LiH6Si2AI09molecules predict a frequency of 573 em-I for the v,(T-O-T) mode in both molecules, consistent with the assignment of peaks near 600 em-I in glasses along these joins to v,(T-O-T) modes in three-membered rings (McKeown et al. 1984; Kubicki and Sykes 1993a). Intermediate-range order in Si02-M7;:;Al02glasses is interpreted in terms of changes in ring statistics. In Si02, the Raman peaks at 606 (D2), 495 (D1), and 430 em-I correspond to three-, four-, and >four-membered rings, respectively. The predominant low-frequency peaks in the vibrational spectra of glasses along the Si02-NaA1Si04 and Si02-CaA12Si20gjoinsat 540-606 and 485-515 em-I are ascribed to three- and fourmembered rings, respectively.
POCOSINS: HYDROLOGICALLY ISOLATED OR INTEGRATED WETLANDS ON THE LANDSCAPE?

Surveys have shown that pocosins (swamp-on-a-hill) occur on the southeastern Coastal Plain of the U.S. from Virginia to north Florida and once covered more than one million hectares in North Carolina. A broad definition of pocosins (sensu lato) would include all shrub and forested bogs, as well as Atlantic white cedar stands and some loblolly pine stands on flooded soils on the Coastal Plain. A stricter definition (sensu stricto) of pocosins would only include the classic shrub-scrub (short pocosin) and pond-pine-dominated tall pocosin. Common synonyms for pocosins, including bay, bayland, bayhead, xeric shrub bog, and evergreen shrub bog, further confuse what is and is not classified as a pocosin. Over 51% of the forested palustrine wetlands in North Carolina have been disturbed, with approximately 33% of pocosins having been destroyed. Pocosins are rainfall driven and lack a well-defined stream surface-flow connection to major rivers on the landscape. However, they are often found adjacent to estuaries and have surface hydrologic connections that are linked to the regional water quality and salinity gradients found in estuarine areas along the southeastern coast. This hydrologic connection, combined with the vast continuous expanses of pocosins on the landscape, suggests that they are connected to regulated tributary waters of the United States. In addition, a survey of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers personnel in North Carolina indicates that most pocosins are considered hydrologically connected to regional water supplies since they are the source of water flow on the landscape where they dominate. However, the potential impact of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2001 decision in the case of Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engneers (SWANCC) on the future development of pocosins is still unknown in most states. Moreover, the Bush administration’s recent (January 2003) review and redefinition of the Clean Water Act’s (CWA) jurisdiction over isolated wetlands may remove federal oversight on 20% of the nation’s wetlands, including pocosins not immediately adjacent to estuaries. The high rate of past wetland loss, especially for pocosin wetlands, suggests that stricter wetland laws are needed at the state and local level if we are to support the concept of “no net loss” of wetlands.
Recycled plastics for food applications: improving safety and quality.

Publisher Summary The use of recycled plastics for food packaging has continued and would likely increase due to the high price of crude oil, a feedstock for the petrochemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, as well as the recent advances in plastic recycling technologies that allow improved quality and safety of post-consumer recycled plastics intended for food packaging applications. This chapter focuses on recent efforts at improving the safety and quality of recycled plastics for food-contact applications in the context of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recent recycled plastics guidance document. Several types of plastics are used in packaging. To provide a consistent national system that facilitates the collection and recycling of post-consumer plastics through the normal channels for collecting recyclable materials from household waste, the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) developed the resin identification code system for common plastics used in the manufacture of containers. The SPI code system applies to six homogeneous plastics and one heterogeneous material category. To improve the recyclability of plastic packaging for food-contact use, controls on the source of post-consumer plastics as well as limitations on the use of the specific recycled article are needed to ensure the quality and safety of the recycled materials for the proposed food-contact application.
Do Asians Dream of Electric Shrieks?: Techno-Orientalism and Erotohistoriographic Masochism in Eidos Montreal's Deus Ex: Human Revolution

This essay explores the complex identifications with which Asian American gamers are confronted in playing the techno-Orientalist video game, Deux Ex: Human Revolution. The author suggests that the game's fraught scenarios can lead to new avenues of inquiry into performance and affect for Asian American cultural theory.
Filling the Civil-Society Vacuum: Post-Disaster Policy and Community Response

Large-scale disasters like Hurricane Katrina destroy not only physical infrastructure like homes, streets, and other buildings, but also scatter populations. The absence of businesses, community organizations, and other private stakeholders results in a "civil-society vacuum" in which the role of government tends to expand. As communities struggle to rebound in the midst of uncertainty, this government involvement furthers such uncertainties and inhibits the prospect of robust recovery.This policy comment discusses this civil-society vacuum that is created in the aftermath of a catastrophic disaster and the effect government policies have on community rebound. The experiences of three New Orleans communities affected by post-Katrina flooding illustrate the ways in which communities may succeed or fail, providing a lesson for how we might improve post-disaster policy.
Reaction and Response Times of Individuals Reacting to Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Stimuli

(1968). Reaction and Response Times of Individuals Reacting to Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Stimuli. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 783-784.
Alexander Hamilton, the Mughal War, and the Critique of the East India Company

Arguably the most influential account of South and Southeast Asia published in Britain before the mid-eighteenth century, Alexander Hamilton's New Account of the East-Indies (1727) has been ignored or marginalized by recent historians of the British East India Company. Hamilton spent thirty-five years in the East Indies as an independent trader, spoke several Asian languages, and offers the only eyewitness account in many cases of critical episodes of British interactions with merchants, officials, and rulers from Arabia to China. This essay examines Hamilton's account of the end of the Mughal War (1686–89) in which the East India Company suffered a humiliating defeat—one that is marginalized or unconvincingly explained away in the EIC's official correspondence. In contrasting Hamilton's narrative to the special pleading of Josiah Child, the director of the company during the war, and John Ovington, a company employee, this essay explores the transcultural complexities of trade and civility in South Asia at the end of the seventeenth century.
Network Connections in REIT Markets

Relationships play a central role across the spectrum of real estate transactions. Whether negotiating prices, securing funding, or acquiring permits, knowing the right people provides multiple channels to facilitate deal making. To better understand the role of relationships in real estate markets, we examine how the connectedness of REIT directors is associated with deal making, growth, and profitability. We find strong evidence that REIT connections are positively associated with both deal making and accounting based measures of profitability, however, those relations do not translate into better market returns or higher valuations. One explanation of these somewhat contradictory results is that connections also increase firm risk. Preliminary support for this conjecture is found through our examination of each firm’s implied cost of equity capital. Specifically, we find increasing connectedness is associated with a higher cost of equity capital. Thus, connections appear to offer both advantages and disadvantages to REIT managers and shareholders.
Severe hemiparesis as a prehospital tool to triage stroke severity: a pilot study to assess diagnostic accuracy and treatment times.

Introduction With the publication of the recent trials showing the tremendous benefits of mechanical thrombectomy, opportunities exist to refine prehospital processes to identify patients with larger stroke syndromes. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who were brought via scene flight from rural parts of the region to our institution, from December 1, 2014 to June 5, 2015, with severe hemiparesis or hemiplegia. We assessed the accuracy of the diagnosis of stroke and the number of patients requiring endovascular therapy. Moreover, we reviewed the times along the pathway of patients who were treated with endovascular therapy. Results 45 patients were brought via helicopter from the field to our institution. 27 (60%) patients were diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. Of these, 12 (26.7%) were treated with mechanical thrombectomy and 6 (13.3%) with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone. An additional three patients required embolization procedures for either a dural arteriovenous fistula or cerebral aneurysm. Thus a total of 15 (33%) patients received an endovascular procedure and 21/45 (46.7%) received an acute treatment. For patients treated with thrombectomy, the median time from first medical contact to groin puncture was 101 min, with 8 of the 12 patients (66.7%) being discharged to home. Conclusions We have presented a pilot study showing that severe hemiparesis or hemiplegia may be a reasonable prehospital tool in recognizing patients requiring endovascular treatment. Patients being identified earlier may be treated faster and potentially improve outcomes. Further prospective controlled studies are required to assess the impact on outcomes and cost effectiveness using this methodology.
A model of idiosyncratic deal-making and attitudinal outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the relationship between the request of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) and the receipt of such deals, and investigate the moderating roles of human capital (gender and industry experience) and social capital (leader-member exchange (LMX)) in this relationship. Attitudinal outcomes of i-deals receipt are also examined. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 244 alumni of a Midwestern public university. Findings – The positive relationship between i-deals request and receipt was stronger at higher than at lower levels of LMX. Receiving i-deals was related positively to job satisfaction and affective commitment, and negatively to turnover intention. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide a nuanced perspective of i-deals by separating employees’ request from their receipt of i-deals, and identifying contingent factors that determine whether i-deal requests are successful. Practical implications – For employees, cultivating a...
CHANGES IN GROUP-SELECTED TRAITS THAT OCCUR WHEN GROUP SELECTION IS RELAXED.

Wade (1976, 1977b) reported an experimental study of interdemic selection for increased and decreased population productivity among laboratory populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In response to artificially imposed group selection, changes in adult productivity occurred rapidly, within three or four generations, and were large in magnitude, the between-treatment differences at times exceeding 100 adults per population. When this experiment was terminated after eight episodes of interdemic selection, the mean number of adults per population in the A treatment, selected for increased productivity, was 178 ? 8.2, whereas a mean of 20 ? .6 adults was observed in the B treatment, selected for decreased productivity. When these values are converted to per capita rates of population increase, the average A individual is found to produce 10.01 offspring per generation-more than 30 times the B average of .31 offspring per generation. The present study was conducted to investigate whether or not differences in productivity between the A and B groups would persist when interdemic selection was relaxed. In the viewpoint of some authors (cf. Williams, 1966; Emlen, 1973; Dawkins, 1976), individual selection within populations might be expected to lead to a rapid convergence of productivity in the A and B populations when selection between populations was relaxed. The expected rate of convergence by individual selection would be a function of the amount of additive genetic variance for traits affecting productivity that was present within populations at the end of the interdemic selection experiment. Although the amount of this genetic variance is unknown, its relative magnitude can be estimated from experimental studies of effective population size in Tribolium (Wade, 1980a, 1984).
Partial ATP depletion induces Fas- and caspase-mediated apoptosis in MDCK cells.

Brief periods of in vitro hypoxia/ischemia induce apoptosis of cultured renal epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We show that partial ATP depletion (≈10–65% of control)...
Effect of a new anti-inflammatory drug, fenoprofen, on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

SummaryFenoprofen sodium (a new antiinflammatory drug), aspirin, and phenylbutazone were compared with respect to their inhibitory activity on platelet function. These compounds inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation both in vitro (human, rabbit, and guinea pig) and in vivo (rabbit and guinea pig).In an extracorporeal shunt experiment in the rabbit, both fenoprofen sodium and aspirin inhibited thrombus formation.Of the three compounds tested, fenoprofen sodium appears to be the most active inhibitor of platelet function.
Corneal Stem Cells: A Source of Cell Renewal with Therapeutic Potential

The eye needs a healthy, transparent cornea to perform normal visual function. Stem cells residing at the limbus of the adult eye, named limbal stem cells (LSCs), are responsible for maintenance and repair of the corneal surface, thus contributing to tissue health. In the case of deficiency of LSCs a blinding disorder named stem cell deficiency (LSCD) occurs, characterized by cornea opacity, vascularization, and inflammation. Understanding corneal stem cells is critical for the development of cell-based therapies directed to treat the diseased cornea. The focus of this chapter is to provide a summarized overview of the current knowledge on corneal stem cells, including their location, phenotypic and functional characteristics, causes and consequences of the depletion of the corneal stem cell niche, as well as therapeutic options and ongoing studies dedicated to improve the success of cell-based therapies in the treatment of cornea surface disease.
Fostering Collaboration as Transition Specialists Through Community Conversations

Community collaboration is touted as a powerful way to help improve postschool outcomes for students with disabilities. However, limited research has examined effective practices to initiate a wide range of school, family, and community partnerships. Such knowledge could be especially pivotal to the preparation of special educators for the role of transition specialists. Also, it could be useful for providing important connections among school-based personnel, parents, and community members to link transition goals and transition education. In this study, we examined the experiences of 23 special educators who were enrolled in university graduate studies to become transition specialists. Each led two community conversation events (N = 46 events) in their local school districts. Our examination of the processes they learned to use and the content attendees discussed suggests the conversations were successful in providing these special educators with the capacity to lead collaborations between schools and c...
The effect of task complexity on linguistic and non-linguistic control mechanisms in bilingual aphasia

In this study we examined linguistic and non-linguistic control mechanisms in 20 Spanish–English neurologically healthy bilingual adults and 13 Spanish–English bilingual adults with aphasia. Participants completed two linguistic and two non-linguistic control tasks accounting for low and high complexity. Healthy bilingual results were indicative of domain general cognitive control, whereas patient results were indicative of domain specific cognitive control. The magnitude of conflict required to complete the tasks was also examined. Healthy bilinguals exhibited significant amounts of conflict on all tasks and linguistic and non-linguistic conflict ratios were correlated; whereas patient results revealed significant conflict only on non-linguistic tasks and those conflict ratios were not correlated with linguistic conflict ratios, indicating a dissociation between how patients are controlling information in these two domains. Finally, a relationship between language impairment and language control was identified and brain damage was associated with linguistic and non-linguistic task performance.
‘Drug adherence levels are falling down again’: health worker perceptions of women’s service utilization before and after integration of HIV/AIDS services into general care in India

Integrated models of HIV/AIDS service delivery are believed to have advantages over stand-alone models of care from health planners' and providers' perspectives. Integration models differ, yet there is little information about the influence of differing models on workers' beliefs about models' efficacy. Here, we examine the effect of integration of HIV care into the general health system in India. In 2014, India replaced its stand-alone model of HIV service delivery-Community Care Centers (CCCs)-with a purported integrated model that delivers HIV medical services at general hospitals and HIV psychosocial services at nearby Care and Support Centers (CSCs). We examine 15 health workers' perceptions of how change from the earlier stand-alone model to the current model impacted women's care in a district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Results indicate that (1) Women's antiretroviral (ART) adherence and utilization of psychosocial support service for HIV/AIDS suffered when services were not provided at one site; (2) Provision of inpatient care in the CCC model offered women living in poverty personal safety in accessing HIV health services and promoted chances of competent ART usage and repeat service utilization; and (3) Although integration of HIV services with the general health system was perceived to improve patient anonymity and decrease chances of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, resource shortages continued to plague the integrated system while shifting costs of time and money to the patients. Findings suggest that integration efforts need to consider the context of service provision and the gendered nature of access to HIV care.
The right of reparation and natural freedom in De instauranda Aethiopum salute by Alonso de Sandoval S.J.

This article discusses the topic of the right of reparation in the light of the second edition of De instauranda Aethiopum salute (1647) by Alonso de Sandoval S.J. (1576/1577-1652). The central argument that we maintain is that Sandoval could be a critic of American slavery with regard to an unfair application of the slavery titles. If the application of slavery titles is subject to doubt, slavery is illegal and reparation, therefore, necessary and just. Keywords: Scholastica colonialis, slavery, Alonso de Sandoval.
One versus two views per breast for screening mammography.

Although still grossly underutilized in many parts of the world, mammography screening is being done with increasing frequency. Also gaining in popularity is the concept of high volume, streamlined screening at low cost (Lundgren and Jakobsson 1976a; Moskowitz and Fox 1979; Lundgren and Helleberg 1982; Tabar et al. 1983; Strax 1984; McLelland 1984; Sickles et al. 1986b; Bird and McLelland 1986; McLelland 1987; American Cancer Society 1987; Sickles 1987; Monsees et al. 1988; Sickles 1988). Among the various methods suggested to reduce costs is the practice of irtiaging each breast with one rather than two standard projections (Lundgren and Jakobsson 1976a; Lundgren and Helleberg, Tabar et al. 1983). This approach certainly will halve the cost of X-ray film, but more importantly, it may also permit increased patient throughput and reduced interpretation time. In addition, despite the negligible difference in oncogenic risk (Feig 1984; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 1986), mammography at half the radiation dose might further increase patient compliance (Buchanan and Jager 1977; Bassett et al. 1986).
Animals and Children’s Development: Expanding the Circle for Psychotherapy

Abstract This chapter presents a “biocentric” perspective on child development. Unlike traditional approaches that exclusively focus on children’s relationships with other humans, the biocentric approach includes nonhuman animal species and plants as part of the contexts of childhood. Children are embedded in a living world of multiple species, making the biocentric perspective a valid one. There is considerable evidence that animals, in particular, are not only pervasive but important to children’s lives. I review evidence for the roles of animals, both wild and domestic, real and symbolic, in the emotional and social development of children. Drawing on this evidence, I draw implications for therapy with children, taking account of their many animal connections. Areas of needed research are highlighted.
Predictors of Side Branch Compromise in Calcified Bifurcation Lesions Treated With Orbital Atherectomy

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify the predictors of side branch (SB) compromise in severely calcified bifurcation lesions treated with orbital atherectomy (OA). BACKGROUND SB compromise remains a major complication of bifurcation lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Higher prevalence of lipid-rich plaques and spotty calcification by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and SB ostial stenosis by angiography have been previously suggested as predictors of SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting. METHODS Patients with chronic stable angina and severely calcified bifurcation lesions, in whom provisional stenting strategy was planned, were enrolled in the study. OA was used for lesion preparation in all cases. OCT imaging of the MV was performed before and after stenting. SB compromise was defined as a composite of SB occlusion (TIMI flow grade ≤ 2) and SB intervention after MV stenting. RESULTS Thirty stable CAD patients with 30 severely calcified bifurcation lesions were included in the study. Twelve patients (40%) had a compromised SB after MV stenting. Compromised SB was characterized by a greater angiographic diameter stenosis (55.4 ± 8.1% vs. 35.0 ± 14.4%, P < 0.01) and a smaller minimal lumen diameters (0.79 ± 0.17 vs. 1.12 ± 0.30 mm, P = 0.002) before PCI compared to noncompromised SB. The prevalence of OCT lipid-rich plaques was low and did not differ between the groups (18 vs. 19%, P = 0.68). There was no difference in other OCT plaque characteristics including the presence of spotty calcification. CONCLUSION The severity of SB ostial disease and not MV plaque morphology contributed to SB compromise in severely calcified bifurcation lesions.
First Reported Case of Pediatric Radiation Treatment With Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Radiation Therapy.

Abstract Magnetic-resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has been increasingly used across a spectrum of cancer diagnoses since its clinical debut in 2014. MRgRT has been demonstrated to improve the dosimetric therapeutic index of radiation treatment through a combination of improved daily setup accuracy, the opportunity for daily online plan adaptation, and real-time cine-MRI tumor motion tracking with beam gating directly upon the target volume. For the pediatric population, MRgRT may aid in the sparing of normal tissues while maintaining target coverage. We present the first reported use of MRgRT to treat a pediatric patient, in the case of a 3-year-old child with IRS Stage III, Group I embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the diaphragm.
Vaginal Mesh for Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse: Impact on Sexual Function

The evolution of vaginal mesh has had a large positive impact on quality of life for patients with stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse; for instance, the mid-urethral sling is considered the gold standard treatment for stress incontinence. There are unique side effects, however, for the use of mesh in surgical implantation, including infection, erosion, extrusion, and changes in urinary habits as well. A side effect that may be overlooked in these women undergoing vaginal mesh surgery is sexual dysfunction; while the surgery itself may strongly improve quality of life, there can be some detrimental sexual side effects that may hinder the patient’s quality of life or sexual function overall. Changes in sexual function can be encountered in anywhere from 5 to 20% of all women undergoing surgery for stress incontinence or vaginal prolapse, and the scope of these changes vary from positive to negative. These changes can be broken down by sub-topics explored in the FSFI including dyspareunia or pain, overall function, lubrication, and orgasm. Sexual function is an often overlooked and underdiscussed topic in the medical field and between clinicians and patients overall. It is imperative that clinicians discuss any and all possible complications of mesh surgery with patients preoperatively, including any effects, both positive and negative, in regard to sexual function.
Restoration of a Mandibular Incisor With a Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Fabricated Anterior Onlay

Clinical Relevance The author proposes a new treatment option for nonsurgical root canal treated mandibular anterior teeth using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system without ...
Accuracy and timeliness of an abbreviated emergency department MRCP protocol for choledocholithiasis

To determine the diagnostic accuracy and time savings of an abbreviated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (A-MRCP) protocol for detecting choledocholithiasis in patients visiting the emergency department (ED) for suspected biliary obstruction. This retrospective study evaluated adult patients (ages 18+ years) visiting an academic Level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, who were imaged with MRCP for suspected biliary obstruction. Patients were scanned with either a four-sequence A-MRCP protocol or a conventional eight-sequence MRCP (C-MRCP) protocol. Image acquisition and MRI room time were compared. The radiology report was used to determine whether a study was limited by motion or prematurely aborted, as well as for the presence of pertinent biliary findings. Diagnostic accuracy of A-MRCP studies were compared with any available endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) report within 30 days. One hundred sixteen patients met inclusion criteria; 85 were scanned with the A-MRCP protocol (45.9% male, mean 57.4 years) and 31 with the C-MRCP protocol (38.7% male, mean 58.3 years). Mean image acquisition time and MRI room time for the A-MRCP protocol were significantly lower compared to those for the C-MRCP protocol (16 and 34 min vs. 42 and 61 min, both p < 0.0001). Choledocholithiasis was seen in 23.5% of A-MRCP cases and 19.4% of C-MRCP cases. Non-biliary findings were common in both cohorts, comprising 56.5% of A-MRCP cases and 41.9% of C-MRCP cases. 44.7% of A-MRCP patients received subsequent (diagnostic or therapeutic) ERCP (mean follow-up time 3 days), in which A-MRCP accurately identified choledocholithiasis in 86.8% of cases, with sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 88.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 89.5%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.2%. In comparison, 38.7% of C-MRCP patients underwent ERCP (mean follow-up of 2.3 days) with an accuracy of 91.7%, sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 87.5%. Only 4.7% of A-MRCP exams demonstrated motion artifact vs. 12.9% of C-MRCP exams. One study was prematurely aborted due to patient discomfort in the A-MRCP cohort while no studies were terminated in the C-MRCP cohort. An abbreviated MRCP protocol to evaluate for choledocholithiasis provides significant time savings and reduced motion artifact over the conventional MRCP protocol while providing similar diagnostic accuracy.
Geodesy: Self-rising 2.5D Tiles by Printing along 2D Geodesic Closed Path

Thermoplastic and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based 4D printing are rapidly expanding to allow for space- and material-saving 2D printed sheets morphing into 3D shapes when heated. However, to our knowledge, all the known examples are either origami-based models with obvious folding hinges, or beam-based models with holes on the morphing surfaces. Morphing continuous double-curvature surfaces remains a challenge, both in terms of a tailored toolpath-planning strategy and a computational model that simulates it. Additionally, neither approach takes surface texture as a design parameter in its computational pipeline. To extend the design space of FDM-based 4D printing, in Geodesy, we focus on the morphing of continuous double-curvature surfaces or surface textures. We suggest a unique tool path - printing thermoplastics along 2D closed geodesic paths to form a surface with one raised continuous double-curvature tiles when exposed to heat. The design space is further extended to more complex geometries composed of a network of rising tiles (i.e., surface textures). Both design components and the computational pipeline are explained in the paper, followed by several printed geometric examples.
Using Screenshots to Predict Task Switching on Smartphones

Mobile phone use is pervasive, yet little is known about task switching on digital platforms and applications. We propose an unobtrusive experience sampling method to observe how individuals use their smartphones by taking screenshots every 5 seconds when the device is on. The purpose of this paper is to incorporate the psychological process into feature extraction, and use these features to effectively predict the task switching behavior on smartphones. Features are extracted from the sequence of screenshots, gauging visual stimulation, cognitive load, velocity and accumulation, sentiment, and time-related factors. Labels of task switching behavior were manually tagged for 87,182 screenshots from 60 subjects. Using random forest, we demonstrate that we can correctly infer a user's task switching behavior from unstructured data in screenshots with up to 77% accuracy, demonstrating it is a viable option to use features of the screenshots to predict task switching behavior.
A Semi-Supervised Deep Transfer Learning Architecture for Energy Disaggregation

Energy disaggregation is the problem of estimating individual load consumption profiles from an aggregated waveform. Most existing methods ignore the discrepancy of load profile distributions within different sources, which may lead to robustness issues. Furthermore, limit amount of labeled data is a bottleneck for all existing literature. This paper proposed a deep transfer learning based method for energy disaggregation. Each load has its own disaggregtor, which consists of a feature extractor and a regressor. Unlike existing methods, a semi-supervised learning using deep domain adaptation is proposed, which can align the energy data distribution to some extent by utilizing both the labeled and the unlabeled data. Tests were carried out on a publicly available dataset. It can be shown that the proposed architecture can effectively improve energy disaggregation performance and enhance the robustness.
Occipital to Angular Artery Bypass for Post-irradiation Ischemia: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

The authors present a 3D surgical video of a direct occipital to angular artery bypass for cerebral revascularization in the setting of Post-irradiation middle cerebral artery stenosis and symptomatic hypoperfusion. The case refers to a 50-yr-old woman with a history of an unresectable residual skull base meningioma, previously approached through a left frontotemporal craniotomy, and treated with radiation 5 yr prior to presentation. She now presented with right-sided limb shaking transient ischemic attacks and aphasia, along with evidence of left middle cerebral artery territory ischemia. Her symptoms were progressive, despite extensive external carotid collateral blood supply through the prior craniotomy. The video analyzes the surgical steps of the procedure, emphasizing multiple surgical pearls. After positioning, an incision is designed to expose the full course of the occipital artery. After dissection of the donor vessel, a craniotomy is performed to expose the distal sylvian fissure. The donor and recipient vessels are prepared, and the anastomosis is performed with interrupted sutures given the sub-millimeter diameter of the recipient vessel (suture used: 10-0 Ethilon BV75-3 Taper, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson). Every step of the closure is modified to avoid any constriction of the donor vessel. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and multiple modalities, both intra- and post operatively confirmed patency of, and robust flow within the bypass. No identifying patient information is included. However, the patient's consent was obtained for this publication.
9 – Treatment Planning

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the basic conceptual issues and processes that form the foundation for approaching behavioral health treatment planning from a biopsychosocial perspective. Receiving a psychological diagnosis and assessment can bring relief to individuals who have been suffering from complicated mental health issues. Patients typically want much more than just a diagnosis. Even if some comfort is gained from knowing that others have similar kinds of problems and that researchers have identified a syndrome that helps explain the etiology and phenomenology of the disorder, attention generally turns quickly to how those problems can be ameliorated and resolved. At this point, the assessment phase of treatment evolves into the treatment-planning phase. The biopsychosocial approach to treatment planning rests on a very different approach. This approach uses a holistic perspective that focuses on the full range of psychological, biological, and sociocultural influences on development and functioning along with their interactions. Emphasis is placed on achieving positive health and functioning across the important areas of patients' lives in addition to relieving psychological distress and reducing symptomatology. Psychologists working from this perspective employ a range of evidence-based therapies and other strategies to build strengths and assets at the same time as they treat problems, taking advantage of the synergy that is possible when strengths are bolstered while problems are simultaneously lessened across the biopsychosocial domains.
Diet as an Exposure Source and Mediator of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Toxicity

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitously found in the environment due to their widespread commercial use and high chemical stability. Humans are exposed primarily through ingestion of contaminated water and food and epidemiological studies over the last several decades have shown that PFAS levels are associated with adverse chronic health effects, including cardiometabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Perhaps the most well-established effects, as demonstrated in animal studies and human epidemiological studies, are the metabolic alterations PFAS exposure can lead to, especially on lipid homeostasis and signaling. This altered lipid metabolism has often been linked to conditions such as dyslipidemia, leading to fatty liver disease and steatosis. Western diets enriched in high fat and high cholesterol containing foods may be an important human exposure route of PFAS and may also act as an important modulator of associated toxicities. In fact, the chemical structure of PFAS resemble fatty acids and may activate some of the same signaling cascades critical for endogenous metabolism. In this review we aim to outline known dietary exposure sources of PFAS, describe the detrimental metabolic health effects associated with PFAS exposure, and focus on studies examining emerging interaction of dietary effects with PFAS exposure that further alter the dysregulated metabolic state.
Kinetics of Hydride Transfer from Catalytic Metal-Free Hydride Donors to CO2

Selective reduction of CO2 to formate represents an ongoing challenge in photoelectrocatalysis. To provide mechanistic insights, we investigate the kinetics of hydride transfer (HT) from a series o...
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (moDCs) Differentiate into Bcl6 + Mature moDCs to Promote Cyclic di-GMP Vaccine Adjuvant-Induced Memory T H Cells in the Lung.

Induction of lung mucosal immune responses is highly desirable for vaccines against respiratory infections. We recently showed that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are responsible for lung IgA induction. However, the dendritic cell subset inducing lung memory TH cells is unknown. In this study, using conditional knockout mice and adoptive cell transfer, we found that moDCs are essential for lung mucosal responses but are dispensable for systemic vaccine responses. Next, we showed that mucosal adjuvant cyclic di-GMP differentiated lung moDCs into Bcl6+ mature moDCs promoting lung memory TH cells, but they are dispensable for lung IgA production. Mechanistically, soluble TNF mediates the induction of lung Bcl6+ moDCs. Our study reveals the functional heterogeneity of lung moDCs during vaccination and paves the way for an moDC-targeting vaccine strategy to enhance immune responses on lung mucosa.
mSWI/SNF interacts with the ribosome and its inhibition/mutations alter translation and sensitize to mTOR/PI3K inhibitors

The chromatin remodelers mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) subunits are mutated, deleted or amplified in more than 40% of cancers. Understanding their functions in normal cells and the consequences of cancers alterations will lead to path toward new targeted therapies. Canonically, mSWI/SNF complexes regulate the structure of chromatin, however they likely have additional functions which could be relevant in carcinogenesis. Here, we highlight the substantial alteration of mSWI/SNF subunits expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in breast cancer cases. We demonstrate mSWI/SNF cytoplasmic localization and interaction with the translation initiation machinery. Short-term inhibition and depletion of specific subunits alter protein synthesis, implicating a direct role for these factors in translation. Inhibition and depletion of specific subunits increase sensitivity to mTOR-PI3K inhibitors, suggesting a potential therapeutic opportunity for diseases harboring mutations in these complexes. Indeed, SMARCA4 pathogenic mutations decrease protein synthesis. Furthermore, taking advantage of the DepMap studies, we demonstrate cancer cells harboring mutations of specific mSWI/SNF subunits exhibit a genetic dependency on translation factors and are particularly sensitive to translation pathway inhibitors. In conclusion, we report an unexpected cytoplasmic role for mSWI/SNF in protein synthesis, suggesting potential new therapeutic opportunities for patients afflicted by cancers demonstrating alterations in its subunits. Statement of significanceThis study establishes direct functions for mSWI/SNF in protein synthesis. mSWI/SNF inhibition, depletion and cancer mutations alter translation and increase sensitivity to translation pathway inhibitors, illustrating the potential for new therapeutic strategies.
Soccer Stadiums, Where International Law, Culture and Racism Collide

Racism and xenophobia have long introduced themselves as a source of conflict in societies. Soccer stadiums have been struggling with the problem of fan-based racism for a long time. Sport governing bodies, in soccer particularly, along with the Court of Arbitration for Sports are developing a body of law with distinguished principles to fight the plague of racism and hatred in stadiums. These distinguished principles will be analyzed in this article. Despite this progress, there is still a need for cooperation between governments and sport governing bodies. The focus will be on education and dialogue in order to create a cultural change in societies.