cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress modulation of cognitive and affective processes

This review summarizes the major discussion points of a symposium on stress modulation of cognitive and affective processes, which was held during the 2010 workshop on the neurobiology of stress (Boulder, CO, USA). The four discussants addressed a number of specific cognitive and affective factors that are modulated by exposure to acute or repeated stress. Dr David Morilak discussed the effects of various repeated stress situations on cognitive flexibility, as assessed with a rodent model of attentional set-shifting task, and how performance on slightly different aspects of this test is modulated by different prefrontal regions through monoaminergic neurotransmission. Dr Serge Campeau summarized the findings of several studies exploring a number of factors and brain regions that regulate habituation of various autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to repeated audiogenic stress exposures. Dr Kerry Ressler discussed a body of work exploring the modulation and extinction of fear memories in rodents and humans, especially focusing on the role of key neurotransmitter systems including excitatory amino acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Dr Israel Liberzon presented recent results on human decision-making processes in response to exogenous glucocorticoid hormone administration. Overall, these discussions are casting a wider framework on the cognitive/affective processes that are distinctly regulated by the experience of stress and some of the brain regions and neurotransmitter systems associated with these effects.
Effects of Sex and Race on Interracial Dating Preferences

The hypothesis was that sex and race will affect interracial dating preferences, one aspect of social distance. 64 subjects were selected from two different populations, 32 from New Jersey and 32 from Mississippi, to increase the external validity by using a more heterogeneous sample. An interracial dating-preference questionnaire was formulated and an item analysis was done to establish content validity. A 2-way analysis of variance showed sex and race were significant; blacks and black women in particular were more apt to prefer interracial dating.
Zero-Point Energy Constraint for Unimolecular Dissociation Reactions. Giving Trajectories Multiple Chances To Dissociate Correctly

A zero-point energy (ZPE) constraint model is proposed for classical trajectory simulations of unimolecular decomposition and applied to CH4* → H + CH3 decomposition. With this model trajectories are not allowed to dissociate unless they have ZPE in the CH3 product. If not, they are returned to the CH4* region of phase space and, if necessary, given additional opportunities to dissociate with ZPE. The lifetime for dissociation of an individual trajectory is the time it takes to dissociate with ZPE in CH3, including multiple possible returns to CH4*. With this ZPE constraint the dissociation of CH4* is exponential in time as expected for intrinsic RRKM dynamics and the resulting rate constant is in good agreement with the harmonic quantum value of RRKM theory. In contrast, a model that discards trajectories without ZPE in the reaction products gives a CH4* → H + CH3 rate constant that agrees with the classical and not quantum RRKM value. The rate constant for the purely classical simulation indicates that anharmonicity may be important and the rate constant from the ZPE constrained classical trajectory simulation may not represent the complete anharmonicity of the RRKM quantum dynamics. The ZPE constraint model proposed here is compared with previous models for restricting ZPE flow in intramolecular dynamics, and connecting product and reactant/product quantum energy levels in chemical dynamics simulations.
Comparison of the electronic properties of diarylamido-based PNZ pincer ligands: redox activity at the ligand and donor ability toward the metal.

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a series of pincer ligands and their Ni, Pd, Pt, and Rh complexes. The ligands under examination are based on a diarylamine which is modified either by two phosphino (-PR2) substituents in the ortho-positions (PNP ligands) or by a combination of a phosphino and an iminyl (−CH═NX) substituent (PNN ligands). The ligands can be broken down into three groups: (a) C2v-symmetric PNP ligands with identical side −PR2 donors, (b) Cs-symmetric PNP′ ligands with different −PR2 side donors, and (c) PNN ligands containing a −PiPr2 side donor. All of the ligands under study readily formed square-planar complexes of the types (PNZ)PdCl, (PNZ)Pd(OAc), and (PNZ)RhCO, where PNZ is the corresponding anionic tridentate pincer ligand. For select PNP ligands, (PNP)NiCl and (PNP)PtCl were also studied. The (PNZ)MCl complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) underwent quasireversible oxidation in cyclic voltammetry experiments. Based on the close similarity of formal potentials for Ni, P...
New Theoretical Treatment of Electroreflectance from Surfaces and Interfaces Having Large Built-in Fields

We have constructed a completely quantum-mechanical theoretical treatment of the modification of the local dielectric function by intense electric fields. It includes the numerical calculation of depletion-region bound-state energies and wavefunctions as well as band wavefunctions. We use this treatment to construct electroreflectance (ER) lineshapes. Our numerical results differ significantly from those of previously proposed ER lineshapes for GaAs with Nd >> 1016. They yield excellent fits to ER data and allow the accurate determination of doping levels and band bendings from ER data.
Conversion of Woody Biomass Materials by Chemical Looping Process—Kinetics, Light Tar Cracking, and Moving Bed Reactor Behavior

In recent years, chemical looping has evolved into a promising technique for carbonaceous fuel conversion. The chemical looping technology using biomass material as feedstock could provide a process that is environmentally attractive and sustainable. The focus of this study is to examine the kinetics of biomass decomposition and to evaluate the feasibility of using biomass as a renewable source for chemical looping processes. A series of thermogravimetric experiments were carried out under inert and reactive gas environments to investigate the kinetics of the devolatilization and gasification stages of biomass decomposition. Since tar derived from biomass pyrolysis is a major concern for many biomass conversion techniques, the cracking of biomass derived light tar using iron oxide-based composites was also investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Furthermore, a bench scale moving bed reactor was used to study the feasibility of biomass chemical looping in both cocurrent and countercurrent gas–solid contact modes.
Caldwell University's Department of Applied Behavior Analysis.

Since 2004, faculty members at Caldwell University have developed three successful graduate programs in Applied Behavior Analysis (i.e., PhD, MA, non-degree programs), increased program faculty from two to six members, developed and operated an on-campus autism center, and begun a stand-alone Applied Behavior Analysis Department. This paper outlines a number of strategies used to advance these initiatives, including those associated with an extensive public relations campaign. We also outline challenges that have limited our programs’ growth. These strategies, along with a consideration of potential challenges, might prove useful in guiding academicians who are interested in starting their own programs in behavior analysis.
A color classification algorithm for color images

We describe a color classification algorithm that partitions color image data into a set of uniform color regions. The algorithm uses a recursive method to detect clusters of color data. The algorithm can be divided into two main steps. First, we map the device dependent image data into an approximately uniform perceptual color space. Second, we apply a recursive histogram analysis to the data represented in this perceptually uniform space. The histogram analysis is designed to identify the spatial subregions within the image that correspond to a uniform color. Once a region has been identified, the corresponding data are removed and the histogram analysis is repeated on the remaining data set. The performance of the algorithm is discussed with respect to a test image.
Murine Trinitrobenzoic Acid-Induced Colitis as a Model of Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, result from the uncontrolled inflammation that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and the dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The response of these immune systems to luminal gut microbiota and their products results in altered intestinal permeability, loss of barrier function, and mucosal inflammation and ulceration. Animal models of experiment intestinal inflammation have been developed that leverage the development of spontaneous inflammation in certain mouse strains, e.g. Samp1/Yit mice, or induction of inflammation using gene-targeting e.g. IL-10 null mice, administration of exogenous agents e.g. DSS, or adoptive transfer of T-cells into immunodeficient mice, e.g. CD4(+) CD45Rb(Hi) T-cell transfer. Colitis induced by rectal instillation of the haptenizing agent, 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, is one of the most commonly used and well-characterized models of Crohn's disease in humans.
Sleep Disorders in Children with Headache

The prevalence of sleep disorders in 64 patients (38 [59%] males and 26 [41%] females; average age 10 years) with headache was evaluated in the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinics, University of Chicago.
Examining the relationship between sport and health among USA women: An analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Abstract Background Research has been conducted linking sports participation and health in childhood and adolescence; however, little is known about the contribution of sport to women's health. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sport and women's health in the USA by analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2013 national BRFSS survey. Unlike the BRFSS core component from previous years, in 2013, participants were questioned extensively about their physical activity behaviors. Seventy-six different activities were identified by the participants. Two researchers categorized the 76 activities as sport, conditioning exercise, recreation, or household tasks based on previously identified categories. Logistic regression was utilized to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios for chronic diseases based on physical activity category. Results Women who participated in sport had better health outcomes with significantly lower odds for all chronic diseases except asthma and better general health than women who participated in conditioning exercise, household tasks, or recreation, and many of the significant differences remained after controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusion Sport participation was associated with more positive health outcomes among women in the USA compared with the other categories. As a means to improve health of women, the USA could focus on efforts to increase sport participation among women.
Youth are the leaders of today

In November 1995, a five-year, US$ 3.2 million grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation was awarded to the Coalition for a Tobacco Free Arizona to develop a partnership of organizations in Tucson, Arizona, in order to design a prototype programme to help young people to quit smoking or not to start. National models such as those used for the American Stop Smoking Intervention Study for Cancer Prevention programme of the National Cancer Institute, were used to develop an operational framework, with lessons learned from other tobacco programmes and youth projects. Marketing principles were employed to develop a programme that would engage both the adult community and the adolescent population. A multifaceted plan incorporating a comprehensive tobacco control plan with community development was developed and implemented. The key ingredients were youth leadership, empowerment, adult-youth team building and innovative risk-taking which would allow all creative ideas to be considered.
Lessons from graduate school

Five months ago I asked readers to send me their thoughts about "the most important thing they learned in graduate school" (February p17). I received about three dozen replies, which included maxims, lists of maxims and stories. Some people addressed the question from the perspective of advisors, others from that of students.
Metabolic Profiling in Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract 4837 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder of hemoglobin with patients (pts) suffering from multiple complications. Patients are exposed to the clinical consequences of a hemolytic anemia associated with episodes of vascular vaso-occlusion. Lifelong episodes of painful crises lead to end-organ damage with shortened lifespan. The mutated hemoglobin S in the red cell polymerizes during hypoxia (venous circulation) leading to tissue inflammation and ischemia. The FDA approved drug hydroxyurea used to treat SCD increases fetal hemoglobin production thereby inhibiting hemoglobin S polymerization. Hydroxyurea therapy has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality in SCD patients. The metabolic demands of SCD patients are increased due to chronic hemolysis. The dietary supplement folic acid is recommended to meet some of the excess metabolic requirements. However, metabolic pathways associated with SCD are poorly understood or even explored. The components of the purine nucleotide synthetic pathway were analyzed in the serum of adult SCD patients in steady state. Purine nucleotides are made available for cells via two routes, either by de novo synthesis or by reusing of catabolized purine bases, mainly hypoxanthine. Salvaging the purine ring is more efficient in terms of ATP equivalents than de novo purine synthesis. Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the final reactions of the purine catabolism by consecutive oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid. Levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid as well as xanthine oxidase enzymatic activity (μU/mL) were evaluated in (1) SCD patients (n=5-9), (2) in SCD patients treated with hydroxyurea (n=5-9), and (3) normal adult controls (n=12). Hypoxanthine (μM), xanthine (μM) and uric acid (μM) levels all showed statistically significant (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
CRT-600.05 Eligibility for PCSK9 Inhibitor Treatment in 1090 Hypercholesterolemic Patients Referred to a Regional Cholesterol Treatment Center with LDL Cholesterol >=70 mg/dl Despite Maximal Tolerated Cholesterol Lowering Therapy

Lowering of LDL cholesterol (LDLC) has been revolutionized by PCSK9 inhibitors, Alirocumab (Praluent) and Evolocumab (Repatha). PCSK9 inhibitors have approved indications as adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated lipid lowering therapy (MTLLT) for patients with heterozygous familial
PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) and primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) are rare extranodal large B-cell lymphomas with similar genetic signatures. There are no standard-of-care treatment options for patients with relapsed and refractory PCNSL and PTL, and the overall prognosis is poor. PCNSLs and PTLs exhibit frequent 9p24.1 copy-number alterations and infrequent translocations of 9p24.1 and associated increased expression of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. The activity of PD-1 blockade in other lymphomas with 9p24.1 alterations prompted us to test the efficacy of the anti-PD1 antibody, nivolumab, in 4 patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL and 1 patient with CNS relapse of PTL. All 5 patients had clinical and radiographic responses to PD-1 blockade, and 3 patients remain progression-free at 13+ to 17+ months. Our data suggest that nivolumab is active in relapsed/refractory PCNSL and PTL and support further investigation of PD-1 blockade in these diseases.
de Almeida-Thouless instability in short-range Ising spin glasses.

We use high-temperature series expansions to study the $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ Ising spin glass in a magnetic field in $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattices for $d=5--8$ and in the infinite-range Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model. The expansions are obtained in the variable $w={tanh}^{2}J/T$ for arbitrary values of $u={tanh}^{2}h/T$ complete to order ${w}^{10}$. We find that the scaling dimension $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ associated with the ordering-field ${h}^{2}$ equals 2 in the SK model and for $d\ensuremath{\ge}6$. However, in agreement with the work of Fisher and Sompolinsky [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1063 (1985)], there is a violation of scaling in a finite field, leading to an anomalous $h\text{\ensuremath{-}}T$ dependence of the de Almeida--Thouless (AT) [J. Phys. A 11, 983 (1978)] line in high dimensions, whereas scaling is restored as $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6$. Within the convergence of our series analysis, we present evidence supporting an AT line in $d\ensuremath{\ge}6$. In $d=5$, the exponents $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ are substantially larger than mean-field values, but we do not see clear evidence for the AT line in $d=5$.
A Detailed Processor Model for Verification of Real-Time Applications 1

Abstract We describe a microprocessor model and its use for reasoning about real-time applications. The model is very detailed, and is expressed in the logic of a general-purpos: theorem proving program that checks proofs. We verify mathematically that the bit vectors constituting an application cause a real-time system to have specified properties.
Patient Hand Colonization with MDROs Is Associated with Environmental Contamination in Post-Acute Care

We assessed multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) patient hand colonization in relation to the environment in post-acute care to determine risk factors for MDRO hand colonization. Patient hand colonization was significantly associated with environmental contamination. Risk factors for hand colonization included disability, urinary catheter, recent antibiotic use, and prolonged hospital stay. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1110-1113.
The Comparative Chemistry of Infective Virus Particles and Their Functional Activity: T2 and other Bacterial Viruses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the comparative chemistry of infective virus particles and their functional activity. It also describes the heterogeneity of viruses. Study of the process of replication in the bacterial viruses has led to an increasing amount of information indicating different physiological functions for various portions of the viral protein coat. There are five components of the bacterial protein shield: (1) the protein sheath of the head, (2) a protein of the proximal portion of the tail, having possible contractile functions in viral invasion, (3) a protein of the proximal portion of the tail, possessing lytic activity for bacterial cell walls, (4) a protein of the distal portion of the tail, serving as the agent for the initial attachment of the virus to the bacterial host, and (5) the protein of the so-called core structure of the tail of the viral particle. A variety of techniques exist for the isolation of the DNA of the bacterial viruses. The further analysis of viral DNA involves acid or enzymatic hydrolysis and separation and determination of the liberated nucleic acid components, either by chromatographic procedures or specific reagents.
Visuospatial Functioning in the Primary Progressive Aphasias.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify whether the three main primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants would show differential profiles on measures of visuospatial cognition. We hypothesized that the logopenic variant would have the most difficulty across tasks requiring visuospatial and visual memory abilities. Methods: PPA patients (n=156), diagnosed using current criteria, and controls were tested on a battery of tests tapping different aspects of visuospatial cognition. We compared the groups on an overall visuospatial factor; construction, immediate recall, delayed recall, and executive functioning composites; and on individual tests. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made, adjusted for disease severity, age, and education. Results: The logopenic variant had significantly lower scores on the visuospatial factor and the most impaired scores on all composites. The nonfluent variant had significant difficulty on all visuospatial composites except the delayed recall, which differentiated them from the logopenic variant. In contrast, the semantic variants performed poorly only on delayed recall of visual information. The logopenic and nonfluent variants showed decline in figure copying performance over time, whereas in the semantic variant, this skill was remarkably preserved. Conclusions: This extensive examination of performance on visuospatial tasks in the PPA variants solidifies some previous findings, for example, delayed recall of visual stimuli adds value in differential diagnosis between logopenic variant PPA and nonfluent variant PPA variants, and illuminates the possibility of common mechanisms that underlie both linguistic and non-linguistic deficits in the variants. Furthermore, this is the first study that has investigated visuospatial functioning over time in the PPA variants. (JINS, 2018, 24, 259–268)
Reliably integrating variable renewables: Moving grid flexibility resources from models to results

Abstract At least eight kinds of demand- and supply-side grid flexibility resources can complement and firm variable renewables (wind and photovoltaics) at generally lower cost than fossil-fuel backup or bulk electrical storage, supporting largely if not wholly renewable electricity without a battery revolution. Validating dozens of simulation studies, at least 10 nations with modest or no hydropower now reliably use many times the US variable and total renewable fraction with attractive economics and improved reliability.
Coexistent Non–Small Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma in a Patient Presenting with Hyponatremia

Despite recent advances in screening methods, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. By the time lung cancer becomes symptomatic and patients seek treatment, it is often too advanced for curative measures. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening has been shown to reduce mortality in patients at high risk of lung cancer. We present a 66-year-old man with a 50-pack-year smoking history who had a right upper lobe (RUL) pulmonary nodule and left lower lobe (LLL) consolidation on a screening CT. He reported a weight loss of 45 pounds over 3 months, had recently been hospitalized for hyponatremia, and was notably cachectic. A CT of the chest showed a stable LLL mass-like consolidation and a mm subsolid lesion in the RUL. Navigational bronchoscopy biopsy of the RUL lesion revealed squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of the LLL lesion revealed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The final diagnosis was a right-sided Stage I NSCLC (squamous) and a left-sided limited SCLC. The RUL NSCLC was treated with stereotactic radiation; the LLL SCLC was treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. In patients with multiple lung nodules, a diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) is crucial, as inadvertent upstaging of patients with MPLC (to T3 and/or T4 tumors) can lead to erroneous staging, inaccurate prognosis, and improper treatment. Recent advances in the diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules via navigational bronchoscopy and management of these lesions dramatically affect a patient’s overall prognosis.
TRANSPORTABILITY OF DATA AND RELATED SOFTWARE IN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MODELING

This paper discusses some results of a research project whose goal was to develop better methodology for distribution system planning (Gonen and Thompson, 1979). One of the design objectives of the implemented system was to make its operation as independent as possible of the host hardware/software. In order to achieve this portability, given the present technology, it was necessary to simulate many of the functions of a computer's operation system with the distribution system planning model (DSPM) itself (Thompson and Gonen, 1980). These functions are located in the shell program which provides an interactive interface between the distribution system planner and the functions and programs of the DSPM.
Recent Computational Studies in the Interpretation of Structure from Motion

Abstract The interpretation of structure from motion is the recovery of three-dimensional shape from the transformation induced in the image by objects in motion. This paper reviews, compares, and extends the results obtained to date in the computational study of the interpretation of structure from motion. Comparisons are also made between perspective versus orthographic, velocity-based versus position-based, and discrete versus continuous interpretation schemes. In comparing the different schemes, two main issues are discussed. The first is the uniqueness problem: under what conditions a two-dimensional transformation has a unique three-dimensional interpretation. The second is the robustness problem: whether the interpretation be stable under small changes in the input. With respect to the uniqueness problem, the conditions that are known to guarantee the uniqueness of the solution are summarized. With respect to the robustness problem, it is argued that schemes based on the instantaneous velocity field are unstable when applied locally.
Pipelined Multi-GPU MapReduce for Big-Data Processing

MapReduce is a popular large-scale data-parallel processing model. Its success has stimulated several studies of implementing MapReduce on Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). However, these studies focus most of their efforts on single-GPU algorithms and cannot handle large data sets which exceed GPU memory capacity. This paper describes an upgrade version of MGMR, a pipelined multi-GPU MapReduce system (PMGMR), which addresses the challenge of big data. PMGMR employs the power of multiple GPUs, improves GPU utilization using new GPU features such as streams and Hyper-Q, and handles large data sets which exceeds GPU and even CPU memory. Compared to MGMR, the newly proposed scheme achieves a 2.5-fold performance improvement and increases system scalability, while allowing users to write straight forward MapReduce code.
On differentiability in the Wasserstein space and well-posedness for Hamilton–Jacobi equations

Abstract In this paper we elucidate the connection between various notions of differentiability in the Wasserstein space: some have been introduced intrinsically (in the Wasserstein space, by using typical objects from the theory of Optimal Transport) and used by various authors to study gradient flows, Hamiltonian flows, and Hamilton–Jacobi equations in this context. Another notion is extrinsic and arises from the identification of the Wasserstein space with the Hilbert space of square-integrable random variables on a non-atomic probability space. As a consequence, the classical theory of well-posedness for viscosity solutions for Hamilton–Jacobi equations in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces is brought to bear on well-posedness for Hamilton–Jacobi equations in the Wasserstein space.
Selected acculturation factors and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.

Background Acculturation has been examined with respect to various pregnancy adverse outcomes, including birth defects. Given the mixed and limited findings on the association between nativity and birth defects, we sought to further explore parental nativity and years lived in the U.S. across a range of defects. Methods Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were used for this analysis. Infants with one of 46 major isolated birth defects (30 noncardiac/16 cardiac conditions) and infants without birth defects (controls) born during 1997-2011 were included. We examined parental nativity (foreign-born mothers, fathers, and both parents combined compared to a referent of both U.S.-born parents) and the number of years lived in the U.S. (≤5/6+ years). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate crude/adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Compared to U.S.-born mothers, foreign-born mothers tended to be older (25+ years), of Hispanic or Other race/ethnicity and were less likely to have reported drinking, smoking, illicit drug use, or having taken folic acid. In the adjusted analysis, seven findings among both parents reporting a foreign-birth were significant, including an increased association with spina bifida, anotia/microtia, and diaphragmatic hernia (aORs range: 1.3-1.7), and a reduced association with craniosynostosis and gastroschisis (aORs = 0.7). A generally protective effect was observed among foreign-born subjects living in the U.S. ≤5 years. Conclusions We found that nativity was associated with some selected isolated defects, although the direction of effect varied by phenotype and by a number of years residing in the U.S.
BAP1 Loss Is Associated with DNA Methylomic Repatterning in Highly Aggressive Class 2 Uveal Melanomas

Purpose: The strong association between BAP1 mutations and metastasizing Class 2 uveal melanoma (UM) suggests that epigenetic alterations may play a significant role in tumor progression. Thus, we characterized the impact of BAP1 loss on the DNA methylome in UM. Experimental Design: Global DNA methylation was analyzed in 47 Class 1 and 45 Class 2 primary UMs and in UM cells engineered to inducibly deplete BAP1. RNA-Seq was analyzed in 80 UM samples and engineered UM cells. Results: Hypermethylation on chromosome 3 correlated with downregulated gene expression at several loci, including 3p21 where BAP1 is located. Gene set analysis of hypermethylated and downregulated genes identified axon guidance and melanogenesis as deregulated pathways, with several of these genes located on chromosome 3. A novel hypermethylated site within the BAP1 locus was found in all Class 2 tumors, suggesting that BAP1 itself is epigenetically regulated. Highly differentially methylated probes were orthogonally validated using bisulfite sequencing, and they successfully distinguished Class 1 and Class 2 tumors in 100% of cases. In functional validation experiments, BAP1 knockdown in UM cells induced methylomic repatterning similar to UM tumors, enriched for genes involved in axon guidance, melanogenesis, and development. Conclusions: This study, coupled with previous work, suggests that the initial event in the divergence of Class 2 UM from Class 1 UM is loss of one copy of chromosome 3, followed by mutation of BAP1 on the remaining copy of chromosome 3, leading to the methylomic repatterning profile characteristic of Class 2 UMs.
Multiple time scale TCP: Harnessing proactivity in self-similar burstiness*

Measurements of network traffic have shown that self-similarity is an ubiquitous phenomenon present across diverse network environments. In previous work, we studied the feasibility of exploiting long-range correlation structure in self-similar traffic in the context of rate-based congestion control. In this work, we extend the multiple time scale control framework to window-based congestion control, in particular, TCP. This is performed by interfacing TCP with a large time scale control module which adjusts the aggressiveness of bandwidth consumption behavior exhibited by TCP as a function of “large time scale” network state, i.e., information that exceeds the time horizon of the feedback loop as determined by RTT. How to effectively utilize such information—due to its probabilistic nature, dispersion over multiple time scales, and affection on top of existing window-based congestion controls—is a nontrivial problem. We define a modular extension of TCP—a function call with a simple interface—that applies to various flavours of TCP (e.g., Tahoe, Reno, Vegas) and show that it significantly improves throughput performance. We show that multiple time scale TCP endows the underlying feedback control with proactivity by bridging the “uncertainty gap” associated with reactive controls which is exacerbated by the high delay-bandwidth product in broadband WANs. By harnessing large time scale correlation structure in network traffic, we are able to mitigate the reactive cost of TCP's feedback congestion control.
Free Thyroxine Concentrations in Sera of Individuals with Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia: A Comparison of Three Methods of Measurement.

Background: Euthyroid individuals with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) have often falsely elevated serum free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations determined by different automated immunoassays. Methods: We measured serum fT4 using direct dialysis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (fT4 DDMS) in individuals with the common albumin gene mutation (ALB R218H) from 14 FDH families and compared them with results obtained by direct immunometric assay (fT4 DIMM) and free thyroxine index (fT4I). Results: While all 14 individuals with FDH had elevated total serum T4, the fT4 measured by DIMM was elevated in 12, by fT4I in 5, and by DDMS in 1. Conclusion: The latter method greatly reduced the discordance of fT4 results relative to thyrotropin in FDH.
“No matter if you're a Democrat or a Republican or neither”: Pragmatic politics in opposition to industrial animal production

Abstract Scholars call for unusual, visionary pathways forward to counter authoritarian control in situations of helplessness and inequality. Popular strategies for change in such contexts often call for large-scale state interventions achieved through party-line politics. This paper examines two groups that stopped the construction of industrial hog facilities in the United States and finds that rural emancipation comes through direct action, with the state as a secondary, rather than primary, vehicle for change. Pragmatic rural politics predicated on immediate concerns and pathways for action underscore effective protest against corporate agribusinesses. Those involved pursue ends rooted in their shared commitment to a livable and prosperous rural future.
A scoping review of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in building performance diagnostic inspections

Abstract Understanding building envelope thermodynamics is an essential foundation of building sciences, mainly due to the envelope’s role as a boundary layer for exterior environments, as well as a container and regulator of internal microclimates. This paper presents a scoping literature review of select Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques for building envelope scanning and surveying for thermodynamic diagnostics. The investigation focuses specifically on reviewing six NDT techniques: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)/Laser Scanning, Thermography, Ultrasound, Close-Range Photogrammetry and Through Wall Imaging Radar (TWIR). The aim is to identify knowledge gaps in terms of their use in accurately characterizing envelope compositions for further integration in Building Energy Modeling (BEM). Each technique was evaluated according to set categories imbibed from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineering (ASHRAE) Standard 211P that showcase the technique’s ability to extract various relevant information. A framework is then developed to inform users on how to use hybrid NDT-based workflows applied in building envelope energy audits. The paper concludes by discussing possibilities of utilizing NDT in large-scale audit automation, BEM integration, and developing built environment policies focusing on increasing existing building performance through retrofitting design.
Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality

Abstract Thirty water wells were sampled in 2018 to understand the geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin and assess potential effects of shale-oil production from the Three Forks-Bakken petroleum system (TBPS) on groundwater quality. Two geochemical groups are identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Group 1 represents the younger (median 4He = 21.49 × 10−8 cm3 STP/g), less chemically evolved water. Group 2 represents the older (median 4He = 1389 × 10−8 cm3 STP/g), more chemically evolved water. At least two samples from each group contain elevated Cl concentrations (>70 mg/L). Br/Cl, B/Cl, and Li/Cl ratios indicate multiple sources account for the elevated Cl concentrations: septic-system leachate/road deicing salt, lignite beds in the aquifers, Pierre Shale beneath the aquifers, and water associated with the TBPS (one sample). 3H and 14C data indicate that 10.8, 21.6, and 67.6% of the samples are modern (post-1952), mixed age, and premodern (pre-1953), respectively. Lumped-parameter modeling of 3H, SF6, 3He, and 14C concentrations indicates mean ages of the modern and premodern fractions range from ~1 to 30 years and 1300 to >30,000 years, respectively. Group 2 contains the highest CH4 concentrations (0.0018–32 mg/L). δ13C–CH4 and C1/C2+C3 data in groundwater (−91.7 to −70.0‰ and 1280 to 13,600) indicate groundwater CH4 is biogenic in origin and not from thermogenic shale gas. Four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in two samples. One mixed-age sample contains chloroform (0.25 μg/L) and dichloromethane (0.05 μg/L), which are probably associated with septic leachate. One premodern sample contains butane (0.082 μg/L) and n-pentane (0.032 μg/L), which are probably associated with thermogenic gas from a nearby oil well. The data indicate hydrocarbon production activities do not currently (2018) widely affect Cl, CH4, and VOC concentrations in groundwater. The predominance of premodern recharge in the aquifers indicates the groundwater moves relatively slowly, which could inhibit widespread chemical movement in groundwater overlying the TBPS. Comparison of groundwater-age data from five major unconventional hydrocarbon-production areas indicates aquifer zones used for water supply in the TBPS area have a lower risk of widespread chemical movement in groundwater than similar aquifer zones in the Fayetteville (Arkansas) and Marcellus (Pennsylvania) Shale production areas, but have a higher risk than similar aquifer zones in the Eagle Ford (Texas) and Haynesville (Texas, Louisiana) Shale production areas.
Multiscale Invariants of Floquet Topological Insulators

This paper analyzes Floquet topological insulators resulting from the time-harmonic irradiation of electromagnetic waves on two dimensional materials such as graphene. We analyze the bulk and edge topologies of approximations to the evolution of the light-matter interaction. Topologically protected interface states are created by spatial modulations of the drive polarization across an interface. In the high-frequency modulation regime, we obtain a sequence of topologies that apply to different time scales. Bulk-difference invariants are computed in detail and a bulk-interface correspondence is shown to apply. We also analyze a high-frequency high-amplitude modulation resulting in a large-gap effective topology topologically that remains valid only for moderately long times.
Foundry-processed optomechanical photonic integrated circuits: publisher’s note

This publisher’s note amends the author list of [OSA Continuum4, 1215 (2021)10.1364/OSAC.419410].
Defenses Against Design Constraint Based Attacks

Design constraint based attacks discussed in the previous chapter exploit information which can inferred from the FEOL layout combined with the knowledge of commonly used design automation algorithms to recover the missing BEOL connections or to locate suitable locations for trojan insertion. In this chapter, we present several methods to thwart the design constraint based attacks. These defense methods aim to either increase the cost of the attack or confuse the BEOL signal recovery process mounted by the attack. We begin with a summary of the metrics which can be used to develop effective defense methods, general defense strategies, and the costs of defense. We discuss several defense methods including pin swapping, secure min-cut bipartitioning, secure multiway partitioning, placement perturbation, routing perturbation, concerted wire lifting, netlist clustering, artificial routing blockage insertion, and netlist randomization and summarize their effectiveness in defending against the design constraint based attacks, specifically, the proximity and the network flow attacks.
Photoinduced Strong Metal-Support Interaction for Enhanced Catalysis.

Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) construction is a pivotal strategy to afford thermally robust nanocatalysts in industrial catalysis, but thermally induced reactions (>300 °C) in specific gaseous atmospheres are generally required in traditional procedures. In this work, a photochemistry-driven methodology was demonstrated for SMSI construction under ambient conditions. Encapsulation of Pd nanoparticles with a TiOx overlayer, the presence of Ti3+ species, and suppression of CO adsorption were achieved upon UV irradiation. The key lies in the generation of separated photoinduced reductive electrons (e-) and oxidative holes (h+), which subsequently trigger the formation of Ti3+ species/oxygen vacancies (Ov) and then interfacial Pd-Ov-Ti3+ sites, affording a Pd/TiO2 SMSI with enhanced catalytic hydrogenation efficiency. The as-constructed SMSI layer was reversible, and the photodriven procedure could be extended to Pd/ZnO and Pt/TiO2.
Lablab: A New Crop for Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States of America

Lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], essentially a tropical plant, is a native of Asia and Africa. It has been a novelty garden plant in the U.S. for generations. Several studies were conducted to characterize productivity of lablab under Virginia's agro-climatic conditions, an area where environmental conditions are not sub-tropical or tropical. From a forage perspective, fresh and dry yields varied from 33 to 121 Mg/ha with a mean of 66, and 7 to 18 with a mean of 13 Mg/ha, respectively during 2011 whereas fresh and dry yields varied from 40 to 93 with a mean of 59, and 7-18 with a mean of 12 Mg/ha, respectively during 2012. Overall means of fresh and dry yields (over years) varied from 47 to 91 with a mean of 62, and 9 to 15 with a mean of 13 Mg/ha, respectively. Concentrations of protein, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn in lablab plant tissue produced in Virginia were 15, 0.28, 2.30, 1.32, 0.27, 0.22, 224, 20, 18, 343, 79, 0.03, and 40, respectively. Lablab seed yields in Virginia varied from 559 (PI 593055) to 1678 (PI 288467) kg.ha-1. The average protein concentration in lablab seed produced in Virginia was 25.4%, with a range from 20.6 to 28.8%, on dry weight basis. The lablab seeds contained small quantities of oil. It varied from 0.54 to 1.13%, dry weight basis, with an average of 0.87%. The sugar concentration in lablab seeds varied from 4.2 to 10.1%, dry weight basis with a mean concentration of 6.2%. Predominant fatty acids in oil of lablab seeds were C18:2 (Linoleic acid: 53.5%), followed by C16:0 (Palmitic acid: 15.8%) and C18:3 (Linolenic acid: 14.1%). Total saturated fatty acids in lablab seed varied from 21.0 to 24.9 % with a mean of 22.2%. Total unsaturated fatty acids in lablab seed varied from 74.8 to 78.9% with a mean of 77.6%. Based on concentrations of Al, P, K, and S (ppm) in lablab biomass (110 to 554, 2400 to 3200, 20300 to 24700, 1900 to 2400, respectively), lablab biomass may also be a potential feed stock for bio-ethanol. One advantage of using lablab biomass as a feedstock for bio-ethanol will be the Symbiotic N Fixation by lablab which could reduce/eliminate use of N fertilizers. It was concluded that lablab is a potential forage and grain crop in mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America.
Hydrologic Connectivity for Highway Runoff Analysis at Watershed Scale

State transportation agencies are a potential stakeholder in the total maximum daily load process and, in some cases, NPDES stormwater permits could be issued …
Organizational Engagement and Managing Moments of Maximum Leverage

(1999). Organizational Engagement and Managing Moments of Maximum Leverage. Administration in Social Work: Vol. 23, No. 3-4, pp. 29-46.
Abstract 38: Important Role of Adiponectin in Volume Overload Induced Heart Failure

Adiponectin (ADP) has been reported to exert cardiac protective effects during ventricular remodeling following pressure overload and myocardial ischemia. However, the potential role of ADP in the volume overload induced heart failure has not been reported. In this study we examined the effect of ADP in cardiac myocyte contractile dysfunction following sustained volume overload. Rat model of volume overload induced heart failure was created by infrarenal aorta-vena cava (A-V) fistula. Some rats were administered with adenoviral ADP (Ad-ADP) at 2-, 6-, and 9-weeks following fistula surgery. Serum total ADP levels were measured at 3 days before, 5 weeks and 10 weeks after fistula surgery. Myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients were evaluated at 10 weeks following fistula. Results indicated a progressive reduction of serum ADP levels. In ventricular myocytes isolated from 10-week fistula rats, protein expression of ADP, AdipoR1/R2 and T-cadherin were decreased, and AMPK phosphorylation was reduced. Consistent with these, myocytes exhibited significant depression in cell shortening and intracellular Ca2+ transient. In vivo overexpression of adenovirus-mediated ADP in fistula rats significantly increased ADP serum levels, and prevented the depression of myocyte contractile performance. Moreover, in vitro treatment with ADP significantly improved myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transient from 10-week fistula rats, but had no effect on myocyte performance in control and Ad-ADP animals. These results demonstrate a positive correlation of ADP reduction and ventricular remodeling induced by volume overload. Adiponectin plays a protective role in volume overload-induced heart failure.
Rotations and Translations of Number Field Sieve Polynomials

We present an algorithm that finds polynomials with many roots modulo many primes by rotating candidate Number Field Sieve polynomials using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. We also present an algorithm that finds a polynomial with small coefficients among all integral translations of X of a given polynomial in ℤ[X]. These algorithms can be used to produce promising candidate Number Field Sieve polynomials.
Grp94-specific monoclonal antibody to counteract BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAFV600E melanoma

The development of BRAF-I resistance in BRAFV600E melanoma underlies the need to develop strategies to counteract this resistance. It has been shown that administration of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors can counteract multiple mechanisms which drive BRAF-I resistance by reactivation of MAPK and activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. However the clinical application of this strategy is hampered the high toxicity associated with administration of currently available HSP90 inhibitors. To overcome this limitation we have developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), named W9, which recognizes an extracellular epitope of glucose regulated protein of 94 kDa (Grp94), a member of the HSP90 family. The mAb W9 defined Grp94-epitope is selectively expressed on malignant cells but is not detectable on normal cells. Therefore targeting Grp94-epitope by mAb W9 is expected to cause limited if any side effects. The mAb W9 was found to increase and restore the sensitivity to BRAF-I of BRAFV600E melanoma cells including cells which have acquired BRAF-I resistance because of PDGFRα upregulation.