cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic implications of vena caval extension of renal cell carcinoma.

AbstractVena caval extension of renal cell carcinoma occurs in 4 to 10 per cent of the patients and usually is considered a poor prognostic sign. To ascertain the true effect of vena caval extension on survival a retrospective analysis was done of 27 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy and removal of vena caval thrombus between 1970 and 1980. An additional 46 cases were collected from series in the literature and composite statistics were compiled.Extension to the vena cava alone had a limited impact on prognosis (survival for 2 years—81 per cent, 5 years—53 per cent, median—81 months). Capsular invasion negatively influenced survival (2-year survival 66 per cent). Disease in the regional lymph nodes had a much greater impact on survival, with a 2-year survival rate of 35 per cent and no patient survived 5 years (median survival 24 months). Only 5 per cent of the patients with distant metastases survived 2 years and none survived 5 years (median survival 8.5 months).In conclusion, the prognosis...
Radiation Exposure During Fluoroscopically Controlled Percutaneous Lithotripsy

Radiation measurements in the vicinity of a standard urologic table modified for fluoroscopic-guided lithotripsy demonstrate radiation levels as high as 3000 mrem per hour at the edge of the table. Excessive radiation exposure to the physician, exceeding the annual maximum permissible dose to the eyes and thyroid, can be expected after only 10 cases. Suggested radiation protection measures include the use of finger, wrist and neck radiation monitors, eye and thyroid shields and improved shielding of both collimator and patient scatter radiation.
Harnessing Cardiopulmonary Interactions to Improve Circulation and Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest and Other States of Low Blood Pressure

Novel noninvasive technologies that harness the inherent physiological interactions between the heart, lungs, and brain have recently been shown to improve circulation and outcomes after cardiac arrest and other states of low blood pressure including hypovolemic shock. The impedance threshold devices (ResQPOD® and ResQGard®) and the intrathoracic pressure regulator (CirQlator™) are three new devices that create a negative intrathoracic pressure. The decrease in intrathoracic pressure creates a vacuum within the thorax relative to the rest of the body thereby enhancing venous blood return to the heart, increasing cardiac output and systemic arterial blood pressure, lowering right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures, lowering intracranial pressure, and increasing cerebral perfusion pressure. The animal and clinical data supporting the use of technologies that harness the intrathoraic pump are reviewed in this chapter.
The significance of place: The impact of urban and regional residence on gender-role attitudes

ABSTRACTThe study assesses the overall impact of place of residence (urban and Southern) on gender-role attitudes. Past research has often implicated timing of socialization, posing that attitudinal formation occurs either during childhood or adulthood. We propose an additional and more nuanced model that points to place by arguing that social relations in urban and Southern locations have long-lasting and powerful effects on attitudes. Using nationally representative data, we test this theoretical model by assessing whether the attitudes of urban and Southern in- and out-migrants differ from those of lifelong residents. Looking at lifelong residents and migrants, we further assess whether the impact of place will eventually diminish over time. Overall, results show that, particularly for lifelong urban residents, early socialization may be more important in impacting gender-role attitudes. With respect to region, the place based model appears more appropriate. However, it is the non-South location that s...
Rapid Acquisition/Reacquisition Capability in a Tactical AJ Modem

For a spread spectrum modem, achieving rapid acquisition and reacquisition under heavy jamming requires accurate knowledge of time and frequency and of satellite range and range rate. The lack of such information in mobile terminals during wartime conditions results in severe limitations in acquistion capability. This paper describes how the Harris AJ/Control Modem for the Ground Mobile Forces network uses the satellite beacon PN code state and carrier frequency as network time and frequency standards, respectively. The paper explains the use of satellite ephemeris data, normally unavailable to tactical terminals, to provide fixed-terminal acquisition capability in a low-cost mobile terminal.
Longitudinal development of communication in children with cerebral palsy between 24 and 53 months: Predicting speech outcomes

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine whether communication at 2 years predicted communication at 4 years in children with cerebral palsy (CP); and whether the age a child first produces words imitatively predicts change in speech production. Method: 30 children (15 males) with CP participated and were seen 5 times at 6-month intervals between 24 and 53 months (mean age at time 1 = 26.9 months (SD 1.9)). Variables were communication classification at 24 and 53 months, age that children were first able to produce words imitatively, single-word intelligibility, and longest utterance produced. Results: Communication at 24 months was highly predictive of abilities at 53 months. Speaking earlier led to faster gains in intelligibility and length of utterance and better outcomes at 53 months than speaking later. Conclusion: Inability to speak at 24 months indicates greater speech and language difficulty at 53 months and a strong need for early communication intervention.
Hearing Loss and Quality of Life (QOL) among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Uninfected Adults.

Objective: Research has established that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes hearing loss. Studies have yet to evaluate the impact on quality of life (QOL). This project evaluates the effect of hearing loss on QOL by HIV status. Methods: The study participants were from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women’s Interagency HIV study (WIHS). A total of 248 men and 127 women participated. Pure-tone air conduction thresholds were collected for each ear at frequencies from 250 through 8000 Hz. Pure-tone averages (PTAs) for each ear were calculated as the mean of air conduction thresholds in low frequencies (i.e., 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) and high frequencies (i.e., 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz). QOL data were gathered with the Short Form 36 Health Survey and Medical Outcome Study (MOS)-HIV instrument in the MACS and WIHS, respectively. A median regression analysis was performed to test the association of PTAs with QOL by HIV status. Results: There was no significant association between hearing loss and QOL scores at low and high pure tone averages in HIV positive and negative individuals. HIV status, HIV biomarkers and treatment did not change the lack of association of low and high pure tone averages with poorer QOL. Conclusion: Although we did not find a statistically significant association of hearing loss with QOL by HIV status, testing for hearing loss with aging and recommending treatment may offset any presumed later life decline in QOL.
Motif modeling for cell signaling networks

Network motifs are recurring regulation patterns that appear in different biological networks such as cell signaling, gene regulatory, and metabolic networks. In this paper, we introduce a modeling scheme for cell signaling network motifs including gene expression, receptor activation, and translocation of cellular molecules. We incorporated these motifs into the executable model of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. The differentiation outcome of naive T cells into regulatory and helper cells changes after adding network motifs into the executable model. Our simulation approach utilizes a randomized update scheme of a discrete logical model. The results show that the delays resulting from these motifs can change the effect of feedback and feed-forward loops on the amplitude and time of elements' transient behavior, as well as elements' steady-states. Overall, the proposed in silico modeling technique allows for more accurate recapitulation of observed in vitro experimental results.
The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation Training on Biological Acute Stress Responses in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Mindfulness-Based interventions have increased in popularity in psychiatry, but the impact of these treatments on disorder-relevant biomarkers would greatly enhance efficacy and mechanistic evidence. If Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is successfully treated, relevant biomarkers should change, supporting the impact of treatment and suggesting improved resilience to stress. Seventy adults with GAD were randomized to receive either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or an attention control class; before and after, they underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) concentrations were calculated for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. MBSR participants had a significantly greater reduction in ACTH AUC compared to control participants. Similarly, the MBSR group had a greater reduction in inflammatory cytokines’ AUC concentrations. We found larger reductions in stress markers for patients with GAD in the MBSR class compared to control; this provides the first combined hormonal and immunological evidence that MBSR may enhance resilience to stress.
Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Ultrathin Films by Surface Limited Redox Replacement of Underpotentially Deposited H in a Single Cell

This work illustrates the application of a surface limited redox replacement (SLRR) protocol for the electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) of Pd ultrathin films on Au in a single cell using underpotentially deposited H (HUPD) as the sacrificial mediator. The facile deposition approach presented herein requires neither the use of sophisticated instrumentation nor the presence of metal ions other than the Pd(II) chloride complex. This provides for maximum growth efficiency and eliminates potential contamination of the deposit thereby rendering the Pd deposition a “greener” process. The growth progress is monitored by open circuit chronopotentiometry while the roughness evolution of accordingly deposited Pd films is assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of HUPD and CuUPD. The CV results indicate the deposition of smooth Pd films occurring for up to 30 SLRR cycles (20 equiv monolayers) followed by a rapid transition to dendritic growth at higher thickness. The quasi-2D growth, resulting in smooth and ...
Reconceptualizing Communication Overload and Building a Theoretical Foundation

This study reconceptualizes communication overload and builds a theoretical foundation to understand how this phenomenon applies in contemporary life. We build theory by relying on past research and using a Q-method to capture the subjective perspectives of people who experience communication overload. In our refinement of this abstract concept, we identified seven dimensions composing communication overload. The dimensions included: compromising message quality, having many distractions, using many information and communication technologies, pressuring for decisions, feeling responsible to respond, overwhelming with information, and piling up of messages. Our reconceptualization integrates disparate research, links the availability–expectation–pressure pattern to overload, and elaborates on communication quality, quantity, and generalized perceptions of feeling overwhelmed. The resulting formative theoretical model sets the stage for additional theorizing and empirical studies.
2-dimensional analysis of low limb taping methods on ambulation for stroke patients

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment on the type of taping applied before proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation treatment. [Subjects and Methods] This study was conducted on thirty patients diagnosed with stroke. The study subjects were divided into three groups: experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and control group 3. Experimental group 1 applied Kinesio taping to the lower limb before applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique. Experimental group 2 applied McConnell taping to the lower limb before applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique and control group applied only proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique. In this study was used Dartfish to analyze the gait of the lower limbs. [Results] Experiment group 1 showed a significant difference of ankle angle compared to the control group, but a statistically significant difference of ankle angle was observed in week 8. Experiment group 1 and experiment group 2 showed a significantly longer stride length on the affected side than the control group. [Conclusion] Application of Kinesio taping has a more positive effect on the ambulation than McConnell taping.
The Development of a Novel Perfused Cadaver Model With Dynamic Vital Sign Regulation and Real-World Scenarios to Teach Surgical Skills and Error Management

The landscape of graduate medical education has changed dramatically over the past decade and the traditional apprenticeship model has undergone scrutiny and modifications. The mandate of the 80-hour work-week, the introduction of integrated residency programs, increased global awareness about patient safety along with financial constraints have spurred changes in graduate educational practices. In addition, new technologies, more complex procedures, and a host of external constraints have changed where and how we teach technical and procedural skills. Simulation-based training has been embraced by the surgical community and has quickly become an essential component of most residency programs as a method to add efficacy to the traditional learning model. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to describe the development of a perfused cadaver model with dynamic vital sign regulation, and (2) to assess the impact of a curriculum using this model and real world scenarios to teach surgical skills and error management. By providing a realistic training environment our aim is to enhance the acquisition of surgical skills and provide a more thorough assessment of resident performance. Twenty-six learners participated in the scenarios. Qualitative data showed that participants felt that the simulation model was realistic, and that participating in the scenarios helped them gain new knowledge, learn new surgical techniques and increase their confidence performing the skill in a clinical setting. Identifying the importance of both technical and nontechnical skills in surgical education has hastened the need for more realistic simulators and environments in which they are placed. Team members should be able to interact in ways that allow for a global display of their skills thus helping to provide a more comprehensive assessment by faculty and learners.
Mediation and development of a novice L2 writing teacher's pedagogical content knowledge of genre

Abstract In addition to the benefits genre-based writing pedagogies provide to L2 students, proponents have argued that such pedagogies can empower writing teachers by making teachers' genre knowledge central to classroom instruction. Yet genre proponents also recognize that genre-based pedagogies demand far greater levels of content knowledge than process pedagogies, especially given the fact that EAP writing teachers are frequently called on to teach previously unfamiliar genres to students. However, empirical studies of how teachers develop knowledge of the genres they teach remain rare in the literature. The present research addresses this need by presenting a case study of how one teacher came to understand a previously unknown pedagogical genre – the analytic essay – through the process of teaching it for the first time. Drawing on the concept of pedagogical content knowledge from the teacher education literature and using interviews, video-recordings of classroom teaching, and stimulated recalls, this article will demonstrate how the teacher's conception of the genre developed through her interactions with her students and collaborative reflection with the researcher. Implications for L2 writing teacher education and supervision will be explored.
PrEP Stigma: Implicit and Explicit Drivers of Disparity.

Despite its promise as an HIV prevention strategy, PrEP uptake remains slow, especially among highest priority populations. One factor that may be impeding implementation and driving disparities is PrEP-related stigma. This paper reviews the role of PrEP-related stigma in PrEP access, adherence, and persistence and examines its antecedents and consequences. Although PrEP stigma is often experienced at the community level (i.e., by potential and current users), it can be reinforced and even amplified by public health programs, policy, and research. PrEP stigma disproportionately impacts disadvantaged groups and impedes scalability by influencing behavior of both patients and providers. Reducing PrEP stigma and its negative impact on the epidemic requires a significant shift in perspective, language, and programs. Such a shift is necessary to ensure broader reach of PrEP as a prevention strategy and improve its utilization by the individuals who need it most.
The Early Tudors (1485–1558)

One would have supposed that since the pipeline that brought new dialogues of Plato from Italy to England had flowed so profusely between 1423 and 1483, it would surely have brought in the complete Works of Plato when they were published in 1484, especially since the government expressly opened the border in 1484, for the first time, to foreign books, booksellers and printers (Plomer, 1925). Between 1484 and 1535 the open border provided a rare window of opportunity when England could have caught up rapidly with the revival of classics on the continent. But it did not. Because of the Wars of the Roses and their after-effects, the country instead turned inward.
Accountability and the thoughts in reactive attitudes

As object-directed emotions, reactive attitudes can be appropriate in the sense of fitting, where an emotion is fitting in virtue of accurately representing its target. I use this idea to argue for a theory of moral accountability: an agent S is accountable for an action A if and only if A expresses S’s quality of will and S has the capacity to recognize and respond to moral reasons. For the sake of argument, I assume that a reactive attitude is fitting if and only if its constituent thoughts are true, and I argue for the above theory by determining thoughts partly constituting resentment and gratitude. Although others have argued that the capacity to recognize and respond to moral reasons is necessary for accountability, the argument here is significantly better in two respects. First, it does not rely on intermediary ethical principles, supplementary arguments, or assumptions about the nature of reactive attitudes specifically. Instead, it simply assumes that reactive attitudes, like all emotions, have cognitive content. Second, the argument here is more powerful because it brings to light the quality of will condition and has the resources to flesh out the capacity to recognize and respond to moral reasons.
Contrasting responses of photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency to ocean acidification under different light environments in a calcifying alga

Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to enhance photosynthesis in many marine taxa. However, photophysiology has multiple components that OA may affect differently, especially under different light environments, with potentially contrasting consequences for photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, because photosynthesis affects energetic budgets and internal acid-base dynamics, changes in it due to OA or light could mediate the sensitivity of other biological processes to OA (e.g. respiration and calcification). To better understand these effects, we conducted experiments on Porolithon onkodes, a common crustose coralline alga in Pacific coral reefs, crossing pCO2 and light treatments. Results indicate OA inhibited some aspects of photophysiology (maximum photochemical efficiency), facilitated others (α, the responsiveness of photosynthesis to sub-saturating light), and had no effect on others (maximum gross photosynthesis), with the first two effects depending on treatment light level. Light also exacerbated the increase in dark-adapted respiration under OA, but did not alter the decline in calcification. Light-adapted respiration did not respond to OA, potentially due to indirect effects of photosynthesis. Combined, results indicate OA will interact with light to alter energetic budgets and potentially resource allocation among photosynthetic processes in P. onkodes, likely shifting its light tolerance, and constraining it to a narrower range of light environments.
Evaluation of learning approaches in physiotherapy students: A valuable insight

INTRODUCTION: Every individual has different learning approaches in acquisition and processing of knowledge. Physiotherapy, an evolving allied health science profession, is developing rapidly. Exploration of learning approaches among physiotherapy students will help the academicians to enrich the quality of learning. This study aimed to analyze the learning approaches among physiotherapy students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 435 physiotherapy students. The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students questionnaire was used to evaluate learning approaches in both preclinical and clinical students. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 21. Statistical significance was set at P RESULTS: A total of 435 participants, 233 (53.56%) in preclinical phase and 202 (46.44%) in clinical phase with a mean age of 19.01 ± 1.01 and 22.03 ± 1.43 years, respectively, participated in the study. Among the 435 students, 411 (94.49%) adopted the deep approach, while only 21 (4.83%) and 3 (0.69%) adopted strategic approach and surface approach, respectively. Preclinical students had significantly higher mean scores for strategic and surface approaches than clinical (P = 0.000) and (P = 0.000) using independent t-test, respectively. Out of the 435 students, 50 (11.45%) were male and 385 (88.51%) were female. Male students appeared less likely to adopt the deep learning approach than female students (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of learning approaches will assist the academicians to develop teaching and learning strategies and effective curriculum depending on the perspectives of students. Multiple methodologies focused on interactive student-centric approach should be utilized to enhance positive learning outcomes.
Are estimates of food insecurity among college students accurate? Comparison of assessment protocols.

A growing body of literature suggests that post-secondary students experience food insecurity (FI) at greater rates than the general population. However, these rates vary dramatically across institutions and studies. FI assessment methods commonly used in studies with college students have not been scrutinized for psychometric properties, and varying protocols may influence resulting FI prevalence estimates. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of standard food security assessment protocols and to evaluate their agreement as well as the relative accuracy of these protocols in identifying student FI. A randomized sample of 4,000 undergraduate students were invited to participate in an online survey (Qualtrics, LLC, Provo, Utah, USA) that evaluated sociodemographic characteristics and FI with the 2-item food sufficiency screener and the 10-item USDA Adult Food Security Survey Module (FSSM; containing the abbreviated 6-item module). Four hundred sixty-two eligible responses were included in the final sample. The psychometric analysis revealed inconsistencies in college student response patterns on the FSSM when compared to national evaluations. Agreement between FI protocols was generally high (>90%) but was lessened when compared with a protocol that incorporated the 2-item screener. The 10-item FSSM with the 2-item screener had the best model fit (McFadden’s R2 = 0.15 and Bayesian Information Criterion = -2049.72) and emerged as the tool providing the greatest relative accuracy for identifying students with FI. Though the 10-item FSSM and 2-item screener yields the most accuracy in this sample, it is unknown why students respond to FSSM items differently than the general population. Further qualitative and quantitative evaluations are needed to determine which assessment protocol is the most valid and reliable for use in accurately identifying FI in post-secondary students across the U.S.
The Non-Chain Radicaloid Mechanism of Some Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Evidence is presented for a non-chain radical mechanism for the reactions of N-alkylpyridinium cations with nitronate anions. The first step is considered to be charge-transfer. The extension of this type of reaction to other C-nucleophiles and to N-arylpyridinium cations is discussed.
Establishment of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency-derived primary human hepatocyte with hepatic functions.

Abstract A long-term hepatocyte culture maintaining liver-specific functions is very essential for both basic research and the development of bioartificial liver devices in clinical application. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly lose their proliferation and hepatic functions over a few days in culture. This work is to establish an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) patient-derived primary human hepatocyte (OTCD-PHH) culture with hepatic functions for providing an in vitro cell model. Liver tissue from an infant with OTCD was dispersed into single cells. The cells were cultured using conditional reprogramming. To characterize the cells, we assessed activities and mRNA expression of CYP3A4, 1A1, 2C9, as well as albumin and urea secretion. We found that the OTCD-PHH can be subpassaged for more than 15 passages. The cells do not express mRNA of fibroblast-specific maker, whereas they highly express markers of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In addition, the OTCD-PHH retain native CYP3A4, 1A1, 2C9 activities and albumin secretion function at early passages. The OTCD-PHH at passages 2, 6, 9 and 13 have identical DNA fingerprint as the original tissue. Furthermore, under 3D culture environment, low urea production and hepatocyte marker staining of the OTCD-PHH were detected. The established OTCD-PHH maintain liver-specific functions at early passages and can be long-term cultured in vitro. We believe the established long-term OTCD-PHH culture is highly relevant to study liver diseases, particularly in infants with OTCD.
RAMAN AND INFRARED SPECTRA, CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY AND {AB INITIO} CALCULATIONS OF {TRANS}-1-FLUORO-2-BUTENE

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of the South; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
Randomly primed, strand-switching MinION-based sequencing for the detection and characterization of cultured RNA viruses

Abstract RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, increased escape from vaccine protection, and false negative detection results. Targeted detection methods have a limited ability to detect unknown viruses and often provide insufficient data to detect coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is a method that can more fully detect and characterize RNA viruses and is often coupled with molecular techniques or culture methods for viral enrichment. Viral culture coupled with third-generation sequencing were tested for the ability to detect and characterize RNA viruses. Cultures of bovine viral diarrhea virus, canine distemper virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, two influenza A viruses, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus were sequenced on the MinION platform using a random, reverse primer in a strand-switching reaction, coupled with PCR-based barcoding. Reads were taxonomically classified and used for reference-based sequence building using a stock personal computer. This method accurately detected and identified complete coding sequence genomes with a minimum of 20× coverage depth for all seven viruses, including a sample containing two viruses. Each lineage-typing region had at least 26× coverage depth for all viruses. Furthermore, analyzing the canine distemper virus sample through a pipeline devoid of canine distemper virus reference sequences modeled the ability of this protocol to detect unknown viruses. These results show the ability of this technique to detect and characterize dsRNA, negative- and positive-sense ssRNA, nonsegmented, and segmented RNA viruses.
“She heard the first words”: Lesbian Subjectivity and Prophetic Discourse in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves and Between the Acts

This chapter explores the shifting relationship between Woolf’s lesbian subjects and religious discourse. It examines The Waves’ Rhoda and Between the Acts’ Miss La Trobe, both of whom function as prophetic, visionary figures, yet whose stories end in significantly different ways. While Rhoda dies, mysteriously removed from the text in a suicide that Woolf chooses not to write, Miss La Trobe, at the end of her story, is associated with mythic, primeval forces. Analyzing the continuum that links these two characters, as well as the narrative events that lead to their vastly differing outcomes, this essay locates an important space for religious discourse in Woolf’s construction of the lesbian subject.
Bilateral R&D Productivity and Supply Chain Networks

We study research and development productivity (RDP) transmission between 4,123 global firms across three supply chain tiers. Collecting 153,090 yearly supply chain dyad partnerships from Bloomberg, we construct a two-sided econometric model of supply chain R&D. In our empirical specification, the dependent variable measures return on R&D, and the independent variables measure supply chain partner and network effects. In our sample data, we find that a 1% R&D productivity improvement of (i) an upstream partner can increase a downstream agent’s R&D productivity by 0.14%, and (ii) a downstream partner can increase an upstream agent’s R&D productivity by 0.28%. Our findings show that having R&D-productive partners plays a significant role in transforming an agent’s R&D into revenues. Similarly, we estimate a network’s average R&D productivity elasticity on an agent as 0.23%. We further find that R&D productivity spreads more within smaller, integrated, domestic, and intra-industry networks. In our two-stage estimation, we address supply chain network endogeneity resulting from entanglement, simultaneity, and partner selection. Our findings provide operational and financial insights for R&D practitioners.
Response to "Comment on: Cefiderocol, a New Siderophore Cephalosporin for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy and Safety".

Cefiderocol (Fetroja®) is a siderophore cephalosporin and has demonstrated potent activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, cefiderocol has limited activity against Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes like Bacterodies fragilis. In the APEKS-cUTI study, 183 (73%) of 252 patients in the cefiderocol group versus 65 (55%) of 119 patients in the imipenem-cilastatin group achieved the composite outcome of clinical and microbiological eradication of Gram-negative bacteria (treatment difference of 18.58%; 95% CI 8.23-28.92, p = 0.0004) in complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). Cefiderocol was non-inferior to imipenem-cilastatin in cUTIs caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter freundii. Cefiderocol required dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment and percentage of time that free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) best correlated with clinical outcomes. The most common adverse events with cefiderocol were gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, or upper abdominal pain. Two phase III clinical trials, the CREDIBLE-CR study and the APEKS-NP study, investigated the efficacy and safety of cefiderocol for the treatment of pneumonia or cUTI, and both studies showed higher all-cause mortality associated with cefiderocol. Therefore, the use of cefiderocol should be limited only to the treatment of cUTIs from Gram-negative bacteria, especially in patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options.
Representing the interests of official veterinarians.

I write in response to Alasdair Macnab’s suggestion that a specific association to represent the interests of official veterinarians (OVs) should exist ( VR , 17/24 October 2020, vol 187, p 302). I wholeheartedly support this suggestion and would like to advise Macnab that such an association has just celebrated 60 years since its foundation. The …
Expansion and Contraction: The Play Spaces of Todd and the Vampire

What happens when the music production processes and spaces of a traditionally live art form such as opera are digitized? What is the relationship between community and isolation for artists when their workspace is lifted from the theatre—with its interpersonal connections—and placed in the virtual world? What opportunities and what risks does this pose for performers? Are there parallels to other art forms that developed or expanded as the result of new media technologies? This article will explore these issues by considering the production processes of the animated YouTube opera/movie Todd and the Vampire, composed and created by Ronen Shai, with contributions by musicians and visual artists working simultaneously, but independently, around the world. How does this piece utilize technology to challenge and transcend traditional notions of space and identity? What are the implications of this somewhat disembodied process for performers, audiences, and for the art form itself?
Inter-rater agreement of rotator cuff tendon and muscle magnetic resonance imaging parameters evaluated preoperatively and during the first postoperative year following rotator cuff repair

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is standard of care for rotator cuff evaluation, with clinical interpretation usually limited to qualitative judgments. The reliability of MRI-based measurements and scoring systems has been evaluated only preoperatively or ≥6 months following rotator cuff repair, when repairs are in the later stages of healing. This study describes the MRI assessments and inter-rater agreement of various rotator cuff tendon and muscle parameters evaluated preoperatively and 4 times during the first postoperative year. Methods Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently assessed MRI scans of 42 patients preoperatively and 3, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after rotator cuff repair. Using standardized reading rules, readers assessed tendon integrity (5-point Sugaya classification), tear dimensions, muscle fat (5-point Goutallier classification) and atrophy (4-point Warner classification), muscle cross-sectional areas, and myotendinous junction distance. Raw exact agreement proportions, κ statistics, and correlation coefficients were used to quantify inter-rater agreement. Results Readers showed moderate to substantial above-chance agreement in scoring rotator cuff tendon integrity and supraspinatus muscle atrophy and good to excellent agreement on tear dimensions and muscle cross-sectional areas but only fair to moderate agreement for fatty infiltration and myotendinous junction distance. Only fatty infiltration grades evidenced observer bias. Inter-rater agreement did not appear time dependent. Conclusion By use of defined reading rules in a research setting, MRI evaluations of rotator cuff tendon integrity, tear dimensions, muscle atrophy, and cross-sectional areas have reasonable reliability at all time points in the first postoperative year. However, the presence of clinically significant disagreements, even in such favorable circumstances, indicates the need for improved imaging tools for precise rotator cuff evaluation.
Comparison of lesion-to-cerebellum and lesion-to-organ uptake ratios in the evaluation of lung nodules with 18F-FDG PET

498 Objectives: The lesion-to-cerebellum uptake ratio (L/C) appears to be a valuable semiquantitative index for the evaluation of malignancy in pulmonary nodules with 18F-FDG PET, since it does not require blood sampling, accurate dose and body weight measurements. Furthermore, L/C demonstrates a significantly higher sensitivity than the standardized uptake value (SUV) for nodules that are faintly positive on visual estimation. However, it is not known if the L/C is superior to the lesion-to-organ uptake ratios (L/O) of other organs, which similarly would not require accurate dose and body weight measurements for the evaluation of lung nodules. Therefore, this study compares the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the L/C and L/O for several organs, including the lungs, liver, spleen and bone marrow, for differentiating malignant from benign lung nodules. Methods: 40 patients underwent whole body PET imaging after an IV injection of 543 ± 69 MBq (14.7 ± 1.9 mCi) of 18F-FDG. Regions of interest (ROIs) were overlaid onto each attenuation corrected axial image in the areas of radiographically known lung densities, and mean activities were obtained. Mean activities were also acquired for ROIs of the cerebellar cortex, lungs, spleen, bone marrow in the lumbar spine and for the liver in the mid-section of each organ. The L/C and the L/O were calculated for each nodule and ROC curves were analyzed using the ROCKIT 0.9B software package. Results: Surgical pathology and serial CT scans (follow-up > 24 months) revealed 21 malignant and 28 benign lung lesions less than 3 cm in size. The mean L/C was 0.73 ± 0.40 for malignant nodules and 0.22 ± 0.11 for benign nodules (P Conclusions: The L/C method demonstrated significantly more favorable ROC characteristics than the L/O-marrow method for evaluation of malignancy in pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, since the Az for L/C data was greater than the Az for L/O-spleen, L/O-liver and L/O-lung data, the L/C method may also demonstrate more favorable ROC characteristics than the L/O method for these organs. However, since the data for these organs did not show a statistically significant difference between the L/C method and the L/O method, studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Investigation of Pb-contaminated soil and road dust in a polluted area of Philadelphia.

A multi-analytical geochemical investigation of Pb-contaminated collocated road dust and soils, at two size fractions, was performed in Fishtown, Philadelphia, PA, USA. The combinations of methods employed in this case study were chosen to better characterize the contamination, enhance identification of pollution sources, improve understanding of the impact of former Pb smelters, and to study the relationships between two media and between two size fractions. High concentrations of Cu and Sn were observed in both bulk and finer road dust, whereas large concentrations of Zn and Pb were found in both bulk and finer soil samples, implying pollution. There were no obvious associations between Pb soil concentrations and former smelter locations. Therefore, the primary source of the high mean Pb content in bulk (595 ppm) and fine soils (687 ppm) was likely legacy lead paint and/or leaded-gasoline products. Using electron microscopy, we found that Pb particles were mainly 0.1–10 µm in diameter and were ubiquitous in both soil and dust samples. Two-way analysis of variance tests revealed that, for most chemical elements explored here, there were statistically significant differences in concentrations based on media and size fractions, with finer sizes being more polluted than the bulk. The mineralogical composition and the sources of several pollutant elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb), however, were similar for both soil and dust, pointing to material exchange between the two media. We suggest that future investigations of collocated road dust and soils in urban environments use the methodologies applied in this study to obtain detailed insights into sources of roadside pollution and the relationships between neighboring media.
On the connectedness of the space of initial data for the Einstein equations

Is the space of initial data for the Einstein vacuum equations connected? As a partial answer to this question, we prove the following result: Let M be the space of asymptotically flat metrics of non-negative scalar curvature on R3 which admit a global foliation outside a point by 2-spheres of positive mean and Gauss curvatures. Then M is connected.
Lifting the Museum’s Burden from the Backs of the University: Should the Art Collection be Treated as Part of the Endowment?

A few universities in economic straits have recently attempted to sell artwork to address their financial woes, causing much consternation in the museum community. This article relates the stories of some institutions’ attempts to deaccession artworks, and explains why universities may suddenly perceive their art collections as important assets to monetize. It contends that the universities and their critics have fundamentally divergent conceptions of the role of the art collection in the university, which explains why they cannot agree on the legal responsibilities of universities vis-a-vis their art. The critics have a strong cultural-property conception that privileges art, while these universities see their collections as similar to other property they use in carrying out their programs. This article advocates a contextual approach for choosing among these conceptions. The legal regime that governs the responsibilities of university fiduciaries in managing and selling property generally depends on categorization as endowment or program-related property. Unfortunately, there is no clear law determining whether university art collections should be treated as endowment property subject to the statutory rules of investment responsibility, program-related property governed by fiduciary duties, or cultural property subject to its own unique standards. The article concludes that university art collections are hybrid cultural-instrumental property, and that universities should be subject to a more flexible standard than museums in making deaccessioning decisions. It argues that university trustees would be faced with too great a fiduciary-duty conflict if subject to the stricter museum standard. To accommodate the cultural-property concerns, it proposes that trustees exercise a heightened level of attention when selling art, but retain their discretion to act in the best interests of the university.
Segmentation of textured cell images based on frequency analysis

A novel frequency analysis algorithm for segmentation of textured cells is presented. The algorithm is developed based on an ideal simulation model and is applicable to real cell images. A simulated cell image is assumed to have an ellipse-like region of textured interior embedded in a relatively flat background. The size of the original image is expanded multiple times by extrapolating it to additional regions with estimated background intensities before a larger sized discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is applied. The idealised model for the cell images shows a direct relationship between the boundaries of the cell regions and the inner zero-crossing lines in the large-sized DFT of the expanded images. The shape, size and orientation of the cell region are determined by the parameters derived from the estimated inner zero-crossing line in the DFT whereas the position of the cell region is determined by searching for the location of the minimum in the moving average with the window shaped the same as the previously acquired cell region. Experimental results of both the simulated and the real microscopic cell images are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.
The stakeholder debate of pest management through the eyes of a family therapist

The purpose of this study was to examine the conflict within the pest management dialogue through the systemic and postmodern view of a family therapist The research design and method of analysis was qualitative, more specifically, naturalistic. The stakeholders of pest management were identified through a pilot study and two heterogeneous focus groups were conducted for three sessions. The dialogue was crossfertilized between groups in addition to reactions from a Reflecting Team of one of the groups. Responses and ideas were also generated and included from a focus group comprised of four corporate executives of a chemical manufacturing corporation. Three themes emerged from the analysis. Evst, the debate can be broken into three people groups; System, Sustenance and Science. Second, although the term "system" was widely used, there were severe problems with levels of analysis and logical types within the dialogue. Third, education was the fisquent solution offered by all groups as a solution to the conflicted dialogue. The use of family therapy as an epistemological framework of inquiry for innovators and policy-makers was discussed.
Results Concerning the Sunrise Effect of VLF Signals Propagated Over Long Paths

Periodic field strength variations which were observed during sunrise on VLF signals propagated over long paths are discussed. The stepwise phase increase and the minima of the signal amplitude may be explained by the waveguide-mode theory; they are caused by interference between the first and the converted second mode. Owing to a weak second mode at lower frequencies, the sunrise effect at lower frequencies in general is only weakly developed. The reversed stepwise phase variation observed at higher frequencies may be explained by a strong converted second mode whose amplitude exceeds that of the first mode.