cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni tropomyosin: cDNA characterization, sequence, expression, and gene product localization

Abstract We have defined the polypeptide pattern of 3-hr Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula on nonequilibrium two-dimensional gels (NEPHGE). An acidic group of polypeptides with a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and a pI value of around 5.0 (numbered 48/59/53) were identified as antigens on Western blots probed with chronic human infection sera or vaccinated mouse sera. Polypeptides 48/49/53 from silver-stained NEPHGE gels produced antisera that were specific as demonstrated by Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitations of in vitro translation products. A cDNA clone (clone 1) from a S. mansoni adult worm pBR322 library was isolated by using cDNA probes made from size-fractionated mRNA and defined as encoding polypeptide 49 by hybridization selection of the mRNA which was in vitro translated and immunoprecipitated with specific mouse antiserum. A λ gt 11 expression clone which contained an insert close to the full length mRNA was isolated from a S. mansoni cercariae library. The complete sequence of the mRNA was determined by sequencing the insert of this clone as well as primer extension of total RNA. The only open reading frame coding for 284 amino acids in the 1316 nucleotide sequence showed a 44.76 to 55.44% homology with the amino acid sequences of 18 different tropomyosins from various species. Computer-predicted secondary structure of schistosome tropomyosin was mainly α-helix which was very similar to other tropomyosins. Northern analysis showed the mRNA to be about 1.5 kb in size and detectable at much higher levels in the adult worm stage as compared to the cercariae and the egg stages. Western blot analysis likewise showed that greater amounts of tropomyosin were detected in extracts from adult worm stage as compared to extracts from cercariae and egg stages. Immunocytochemical analysis shows that tropomyosin is strongly associated with the tegument of adult worms. The restriction digestion pattern given by genomic Southern analysis suggests the existence of introns and/or multiple gene copies. Thus polypeptide 49, an immunodominant antigen, represents schistosome tropomyosin.
Closed string field theory and the Shapiro-Virasoro amplitude

Abstract We formulate a gauge-invariant field theory of interacting closed strings, based on Witten's open string field theory. The closed-string interaction is thus bilocal. We show that three-point couplings and the physical spectrum are in agreement with dual theory. Moreover, the four-point tree amplitude agrees with the Shapiro-Virasoro amplitude.
The crystal structure of the putative peptide-binding fragment from the human Hsp40 protein Hdj1

The mechanism by which Hsp40 and other molecular chaperones recognize and interact with non-native polypeptides is a fundamental question. How Hsp40 co-operates with Hsp70 to facilitate protein folding is not well understood. To investigate the mechanisms, we determined the crystal structure of the putative peptide-binding fragment of Hdj1, a human member of the type II Hsp40 family. The 2.7A structure reveals that Hdj1 forms a homodimer in the crystal by a crystallographic two-fold axis. The Hdj1 dimer has a U-shaped architecture and a large cleft is formed between the two elongated monomers. When compared with another Hsp40 Sis1 structure, the domain I of Hdj1 is rotated by 7.1 degree from the main body of the molecule, which makes the cleft between the two Hdj1 monomers smaller that that of Sis1. This structural observation indicates that the domain I of Hsp40 may possess significant flexibility. This flexibility may be important for Hsp40 to regulate the size of the cleft. We propose an "anchoring and docking" model for Hsp40 to utilize the flexibility of domain I to interact with non-native polypeptides and transfer them to Hsp70.
The Exceptional Waters Approach-A Focus for Coordinated Natural Resources Management

Abstract This study represents the first assessment of state management programs for exceptional trout streams. We focus on “exceptional waters” (EW)–those especially valuable riverine systems that support excellent trout or salmon fishing and are sometimes designated as “blue ribbon” or “gold medal” waters. Conclusions are based on a detailed survey of fishery management agencies, as well as reviews ofdocuments and personal interviews. Of states with coldwater fisheries, 13 currently have formal EW programs; several others have well-established elements of an EW program. States with EW programs have (1) a formal system for classifying their exceptional waters, (2) an official process for designation, and (3) coordinated natural resources management arrangements stemming from the designation. The most important factors in identifying exceptional waters are presence of wild trout, high carrying capacity, trophy-size fish, and public access. Exceptional waters programs demand that traditional fishery manage...
Analysis of the multiple-error and block least-mean-square adaptive algorithms

In some block-based and frequency-domain filtering tasks and in multichannel filtering applications, a multiple-error LMS adaptive algorithm, given by W/sub k+1/=W/sub k/+/spl mu/X/sub k/(D/sub k/-X/sub k//sup T/W/sub k/), is employed, In this paper, we examine the mean-square performance of the multiple-error LMS adaptive algorithm for correlated Gaussian input data channels and arbitrary i.i.d. input data channels. We provide a new mean-square analysis of this algorithm that accounts for the correlations between successive data vectors in the data matrix X/sub k/. Using our analysis, we show that for both correlated and i.i.d. input data channels, the multiple-error LMS algorithm performs uniformly worse than the single-channel LMS algorithm for a given amount of data consumed. We also derive simple step size bounds to guarantee mean-square convergence of the multiple-error and block LMS adaptive algorithms for our correlated data model. Simulations of both the block LMS adaptive algorithm and the multichannel filtered-X LMS adaptive algorithm corroborate our theoretical results. >
Issues Facing Interior Design Education in the Twenty‐First Century

This article explores issues to stimulate discussion about the future of interior design education. Systematic inquiry into international, educational, and design literature revealed recurring issues that the author predicts will have an impact on the interior design profession in the twenty-first century and, therefore, interior design education. Identification of these issues will allow educators to help prepare interior designers who will lead the profession in the future. These issues include professional identity, liberal arts foundation, interdisciplinary elements, international concerns, technology integration, and scholarship activities.
Compatibility Management: Customer‐to‐Customer Relationships in Service Environments

Describes how customers potentially influence the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of other customers in many service environments. Explains why service marketers and operations marketers should be aware of the impact of such customer‐to‐customer relations. Examines the issues of customer compatibility and customer behaviour, finding that the classification of compatible and incompatible behaviours is often situation‐specific. Explores how the way customers affect each other can be positively influenced.
The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on hormone-induced differentiation of rat parotid gland in organ culture.

Abstract Parotid glands of 5-day-old rats were maintained in DM-153 synthetic, serum-free medium in organ culture for 24 to 48 hr. Differentiation of acinar cells in vitro , as revealed by an increase in amylase activity in the gland and in the culture fluid, as well as by the immunocytochemical demonstration of amylase in the acinar cells, was accelerated by insulin, prednisolone, and l -thyroxine added to the culture medium. The potent tumor promoter 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (10 −7 M ) inhibited both the unstimulated and hormone-stimulated differentiation of the gland without causing cellular degeneration or necrosis.
The expression of CCL2 by T lymphocytes of mammary tumor bearers : Role of tumor-derived factors

Tumor-associated chemokines, including CC chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), are thought to play many roles in cancer progression. Here we demonstrate the novel finding that during growth of the D1-7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-3 mammary tumor in BALB/c mice, there is a dramatic up-regulation of CCL2 in splenic T cells at both the mRNA and protein levels upon stimulation. Of particular relevance is the finding that tumor-infiltrating T cells also produce high levels of CCL2. While a variety of tumor cell lines have been found to produce CCL2, we found no detectable levels of CCL2 protein in supernatants of the cultured mammary tumor cells. Investigation of the mechanisms involved in CCL2 induction showed that treatment of splenic T cells with the tumor-derived factors GM-CSF and phosphatidyl serine (PS) resulted in increased CCL2 production. This increased production may be involved in the downregulation of IFN-gamma by the T cells of tumor-bearing mice previously reported in this model, as treatment of splenic T lymphocytes with CCL2 resulted in a decreased secretion of IFN-gamma by those cells.
Early personality traits as predictors of mortality risk following conjugal bereavement

This study explored pre-bereavement personality traits and gender as predictors of post-widowhood mortality risk, using newly derived life span data for participants originally recruited for Lewis Terman's classic study of the gifted. Personality traits measured in 1940 were used to predict mortality risk from 1940 through 2004 for married participants who were either widowed between 1940 and 1986 or who remained married. Results indicated that widowhood predicted a decrease in mortality risk for these (intelligent) individuals (relative hazard [rh]=0.68, N=843, p<.001) and neuroticism significantly moderated this effect. Specifically, neuroticism in young adulthood was significantly associated with decreased mortality risk among men who were later widowed (rh=0.50, N=66, p<.02) but not among women or consistently married men. Conclusions reveal the importance of personality-situation interactions and the adoption of a long-term perspective.
Provenance, age, and defoliation effects on the growth of Cordia alliodora in Central America

Abstract Girth increment rates and patterns were determined for Cordia alliodora trees in second-growth vegetation and in plantations of different ages. Study trees were on similar soil types near Turrialba, Costa Rica and were measured for one or two years. All trees had less girth increment during drier months (February to May) and greater girth increment during wetter months (June to November). Although girth increment patterns were similar, annual tree growth rates differed with habitat, year, and tree age. Differences in bark thickness from the dry to the rainy season were determined and the influence of bark fluctuations on girth increment amounts are discussed. Removal of 50% of total foliage from 2-year-old C. alliodora significantly reduced girth increments for 7 of 30 days following defoliation, usually on days of greater rainfall. However, 2-week and annual girth increments of defoliated and intact trees were not significantly different. Silvicultural implications of girth increment variations related to defoliation, tree age, and provenance of origin are discussed.
Modified particle swarm optimization for a multimodal mixed-variable laser peening process

Optimization problems that result in shock, impact, and explosion type disciplines typically have mixed design variables, multiple optimal solutions, and high computational cost of an analysis. In the optimization literature, many researchers have solved problems involving mixed variables or multiple optima, but it is difficult to find multiple optima of a mixed-variable and high computation cost problem using an particle swarm optimization (PSO). To solve such problems, a mixed-variable niching PSO (MNPSO) is developed. The four modifications introduced to the PSO are: Latin Hypercube sampling-based particle generation, a mixed-variable handling technique, a niching technique, and surrogate model-based design space localization. The proposed method is demonstrated on the laser peening (LP) problem. The LP process induces favorable residual stress on the peened surface to improve the fatigue and fretting properties of the material. In many applications of LP, geometric configurations and dimensional integrity requirements of the component can constrain implementation of an optimal solution. In such cases, it is necessary to provide multiple alternatives to the designer so that a suitable one can be selected according to the requirements. It takes 24---72 CPU hours to perform an LP finite element analysis.
PWS Scattering computation

Recently, due to the ability of a computer to perform two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transformations via the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) algorithm and its capability to perform numerical integrations, Plane Wave Spectrum (PWS) Scattering techniques have become practical. The PWS scattering analysis represents a radiating source by a twodimensional spectrum of plane waves and characterizes a scatterer by its PWS scattering matrix. The scattered field is then obtained by calculating the integral of the inner product of the incident PWS and the scattering matrix. This calculation is, in effect, a 2D integration performed over the set of incident plane waves. It is the objective of this article to demonstrate that this analysis is, in fact, simple and straightforward. Several examples will be presented wherein simple scattering models, such as Physical Optics, have been used to describe the PWS scattering matrix and thus calculate the scattered field with good results. Also, the technique is both straightforward and powerful for the analysis of antenna coupling in the presence of obstacles. These examples demonstrate that the PWS Scattering Matrix method is a practical and cost effective approach to the analysis of many near-field scattering problems.
Lithium‐initiated copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate. II. A propagating radical‐ion

It has been shown that lithium-initiated copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate yields an unusual copolymer since it contains appreciable quantities of styrene. The probable nature of this copolymer is discussed, and it is suggested that lithium may act as an electron exchange type of initiator.
The Central Control Room Man-Machine Interface at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)

The control system for the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LANPF) is organized around an on-line digital computer. Accelerator operations are conducted from the Central Control Room (CCR) where two identical but independent operator consoles provide the man-machine interface. This paper traces the evolution of the man-machine interface from the initial concepts of a computer control system. Special emphasis is given to the human factors which influenced the development. The way in which an operator interacts with the system is illustrated by a description of an accelerator operating sequence.
A rectangular-fit classifier for synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition

The utility of a rectangular-fit classifier for Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition (SAR ATR) is examined. The target is fitted with and modeled as a rectangle that can best approximate its boundary. The rectangular fit procedure involves 1) a preprocessing phase to remove the background clutter and noise, 2) a pose detection phase to establish the alignment of the rectangle via a least squares straight line fitting algorithm, and 3) size determination phase via stretching the width and the height dimensions of the rectangle in order to encapsulate a pre-specified, e.g., 90%, of the points in the target. A training set composed of approximately half the total images in the MSTAR public imagery database are used to obtain and record the statistical variations in the width and height of the resulting rectangles for each potential target. The remaining half of the images is then used to assess the performance of this classifier. Preliminary results using minimum Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance classifiers show overall accuracies of 44% and 42%, respectively. Although the classification accuracy is relatively low, this technique can be successfully used in combination with other classifiers such as peaks, edges, corners, and shadow-based classifiers to enhance their performances. A unique feature of the rectangular fit classifier is that it is rotation invariant in its present form. However, observation of the dataset reveals that in general the shapes of the targets in SAR imagery are not fully rotation invariant. Thus, the classification accuracy is expected to improve considerably using multiple training sets, i.e., one training set generated and used for each possible pose. The tradeoff is the increased computation complexity which tends to be offset by ever increasing efficiency and speed of the processing hardware and software. The rectangular fit classifier can also be used as a pose detection routine and/or in conjunction with other ATR schemes, such as shadow-based ATR, that require an initial pose detection phase prior to matching.
Asynchronous and single-phase operation of synchronous machines

ASYNCHRONOUS operation of synchronous machines has been the subject of numerous articles in the technical literature, for example, the articles of Fechheimer,1 Hay and Mowdawalla,2 Putman,3 Park,4 Linville,5 Lauder6. The fact that articles on this subject continue to be of primary interest to design and operating engineers is attributable to the importance of satisfactory operation at asynchronous speeds. It is only through a precise knowledge of the conditions present in asynchronous operation that machines can be designed for and operated through these asynchronous periods satisfactorily. As examples of the extreme conditions which can arise during asynchronous operation, it should be noted that stalling a synchronous machine with the field voltage applied can result in pulsating torques greater than those obtained by inadvertent synchronizing 180° out of phase;6 or that the currents in the damper bars on the trailing half of a pole can be considerably greater than the currents in the corresponding bars on the leading half of the pole, and the resulting unequal heating will influence the design of the damper winding to a considerable degree. Because of the importance of these and similar phenomena, the problem of asynchronous operation must be studied continuously until a complete, easily visualized, and easily applied solution is obtained.
Uterine smooth muscle tumours: an update

Smooth muscle neoplasms of the uterus are classified by specific criteria that differ from those generally applied to tumours arising in other anatomic sites. This presentation will discuss the diagnostic criteria for leiomyoma, atypical leiomyoma, and leiomyosarcoma, as well as the clinical implications of each diagnostic category. The morphologic spectrum of leiomyoma, including ‘morphologic variants’ that may mimic malignancy, will be included. Distinct criteria for myxoid and epithelioid uterine smooth muscle tumours and the use of the descriptive diagnosis ‘smooth muscle neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP)’ will also be addressed. Finally, we will discuss differential diagnostic considerations such as endometrial stromal sarcoma and uterine PEComa.
Segmented information dispersal (SID) for fault-tolerant video servers

Standard disk array fault-tolerance solutions such as RAID 3 and RAID 5 are unattractive for video retrieval workloads. RAID 3 organizations have dedicated parity disks which are not utilized during fault-free operation. When used for video workloads, RAID 3 also suffers from decreased performance due to the effects of its fine-grained striping. RAID 5 organizations perform well under fault-free conditions, but their performance under failure is poor: the load on the surviving disks in an affected parity group doubles; these disks become a bottleneck which may result in a loss of as many as half of the streams. We describe a data organization which performs as well as RAID 5 under fault-free conditions, while performing much better than RAID 5 under failure. Improved performance under failure is achieved by distributing the reconstruction load better. Our new approach offers certain advantages when compared to existing approaches which are based on balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs): contiguity is maintained under reconstruction; a distinction is made between the reconstruction of real- time video data and less critical check data; a relaxed balance requirement results in solutions which are not feasible with BIBDs.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cross Sections for Ion and Electron Production in Gases by 0.15-1.00-MeV Hydrogen and Helium Ions and Atoms

Reported in this paper are the measurements of absolute total apparent cross sections for processes leading to slow electron and ion production in the gases He, Ar, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ by incident beams of ${\mathrm{He}}^{++}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{0}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$ in the energy range 0.15 to 1.00 MeV. From these measurements absolute total apparent cross sections for ionization, electron capture, and stripping were deduced. The present results are compared with those from other experiments and with available theoretical calculations.
Structural and functional characterization of the α-tubulin acetyltransferase MEC-17

Tubulin protomers undergo an extensive array of post-translational modifications to tailor microtubules to specific tasks. One such modification, the acetylation of lysine-40 of α-tubulin, located in the lumen of microtubules, is associated with stable, long-living microtubule structures. MEC-17 was recently identified as the acetyltransferase that mediates this event. We have determined the crystal structure of the catalytic core of human MEC-17 in complex with its cofactor acetyl-CoA at 1.7 A resolution. The structure reveals that the MEC-17 core adopts a canonical Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) fold that is decorated with extensive surface loops. An enzymatic analysis of 33 MEC-17 surface mutants identifies hot-spot residues for catalysis and substrate recognition. A large, evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic surface patch is identified that is critical for enzymatic activity, suggesting that specificity is achieved by interactions with the α-tubulin substrate that extend outside of the modified surface loop. An analysis of MEC-17 mutants in C. elegans shows that enzymatic activity is dispensable for touch sensitivity.
Recursive formulas on free distributive lattices

Abstract The paper is concerned with the problem of computing the number of elements of a free distributive lattice, and with related problems. A recursive formula, using the order of a free distributive lattice with one less generators, is obtained to compute the number of elements of any principal filter of the lattice, in particular the lattice itself. Recursive formulas for the fixed points of the antiorder isomorphism lead easily to the fact that when the number of generators is even the number of elements of the lattice is even. For basic properties of free distributive lattices we refer the reader to [1].
The effect of diet consistency on food intake of anorectic tumor-bearing rats.

Delayed gastric emptying has been shown to occur in cancer patients complaining of anorexia and early satiety. Given that liquids are emptied from the stomach faster than solid food, the present study was undertaken to determine if diet consistency would affect food intake of hypophagic rats implanted with the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. By Day 15 of tumor-growth, caloric intake of tumor-bearing animals was 20% less than controls. The caloric intake of tumor- bearing animals fed a liquid diet was not significantly different from animals fed a solid diet. Furthermore, a delay in gastric emptying was not seen in this animal model of tumor-induced anorexia
Influence of stress level on compression deformation of wood in 170°C transient steam conditions

Abstract Compression creep experiments of hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides×Populus trichocarpa) were performed in a pressurized vessel equipped with a heated hydraulic press. The viscoelastic response at various stress levels (2–7 MPa), a temperature of 170°C and transient steam conditions was studied. Moisture content and oven-dry density of compressed specimens were determined. While some recovery of compression strain occurred, compression resulted in permanent deformation and increased wood density. The influence of stress level on the amount of set recovery of compressive deformation was evaluated after 24 h water soaking. Applied stress level had a significant effect on the compression deformation. The initial strain, as well as creep strain, varied depending on the applied stress level. The highest oven-dry density was obtained at a stress level of 6.9 MPa. Lower stress levels resulted in lower moisture content after the compression process, while the equilibrium moisture content of compressed spec...
Backwards evolved initial state parton showers

Abstract A Monte Carlo model for initial state parton showers is presented. Showers are generated by working backwards from the hard scattering to unevolved structure functions at a reference scale Q 0 2 . This backward evolution formalism allows the incorporation of exact kinematic constraints at all stages of shower generation. The physical regions for deep-inelastic showers and hard scattering showers (with an additional fixed time-like scale s ) are different, leading to kinematic differences in scale-dependent evolution. Shower estimates of these kinematic differences are shown to be compatible with the O( α s ) corrections for the Drell-Yan process. Transverse momentum distributions are discussed, with attention given to the merging of shower model results and exact, low-order QCD cross sections.
Linkages between Children’s Beliefs about the Legitimacy of Aggression and Their Behavior

The purposes of this study were to learn whether children’s beliefs about the legitimacy of aggression can be reliably assessed and whether these beliefs relate to children’s everyday social behavior with peers, as well as their responses to hypothetical ambiguous provocation situations. Fourth- and fifth-grade students (n = 781) responded to a 16-item questionnaire designed to measure children’s beliefs about the legitimacy of aggression. Children’s behavioral orientation was assessed using two methods: (1) children’s responses to ten hypothetical situations involving ambiguous provocation, and (2) peer evaluations of children’s aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behavior. Results indicated that children’s beliefs about the legitimacy of aggression were reliably measured. Furthermore, results from both measures of behavioral style showed that children who believed strongly in the legitimacy of aggression were more aggressive, less withdrawn, and less prosocial. The findings suggest that one focus of efforts to decrease children’s aggression should be the modification of their beliefs about the legitimacy of aggressive actions.
Partial-integration method for analysis of mode-locked semiconductor lasers.

A new, computationally efficient semiconductor-laser model has been developed for subpicosecond mode-locked laser analysis. It consists of a set of infinitesimal laser sections resulting from longitudinal integration of the laser rate equations. The model is used to predict the response of an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser for various pulsed-current drives.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of palladium(II)-proflavine complexes.

Abstract An investigation of the reaction of Pd(II) complexes with proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) resulted in the isolation of the compounds [Pd(terpy)(proflavine)](NO 3 )(HSO 4 ) 3H 2 O, 1 , (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), [Pd(en)(proflavineH))](NO 3 )(SO 4 ), 2 , (en = ethylenediamine), and [Pd(proflavineH)Cl 2 ](SO 4 ) 0.5 H 2 O, 3 . They have been isolated and characterized by NMR, IR, and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry techniques and by elemental analyses. The proflavine was bonded to the Pd(II) through the endocyclic nitrogen in 1 , but through the proflavine NH 2 in 2 . Compound 3 appeared to be polymeric in the solid state with a 1:1 mole ratio of Pd(II):proflavine. Upon solution of 3 in DMSO, two unique species were formed. In one species the Pd(II) was bonded to two proflavines through the endocyclic nitrogen (1:2 mole ratio) and in the other species, a Pd(II) was bonded to each NH 2 group of a single proflavine (2:1 mole ratio). Molecular modeling of the equilibrium geometry by Spartan 8 produced structures which were consistent with the experimental data on the solutions of the three compounds. In vitro cytotoxicity testing against two breast cancer cell lines and one ovarian cancer cell line showed that compounds 1 and 3 had significant activity.
A genome-wide association study on common SNPs and rare CNVs in anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illness with high mortality that most commonly afflicts adolescent female individuals. Clinical symptoms include chronic food refusal, weight loss and body image distortions. We carried out a genome-wide association study on 1033 AN cases and 3733 pediatric control subjects, all of whom were of European ancestry and were genotyped on the Illumina HumanHap610 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). We confirmed that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within OPRD1 (rs533123, P=0.0015) confer risk for AN, and obtained suggestive evidence that common SNPs near HTR1D (rs7532266, P=0.04) confer risk for restricting-type AN specifically. However, no SNPs reached genome-wide significance in our data, whereas top association signals were detected near ZNF804B, CSRP2BP, NTNG1, AKAP6 and CDH9. In parallel, we performed genome-wide analysis on copy number variations (CNVs) using the signal intensity data from the SNP arrays. We did not find evidence that AN cases have more CNVs than control subjects, nor do they have over-representation of rare or large CNVs. However, we identified several regions with rare CNVs that were only observed in AN cases, including a recurrent 13q12 deletion (1.5 Mb) disrupting SCAS in two cases, and CNVs disrupting the CNTN6/CNTN4 region in several AN cases. In conclusion, our study suggests that both common SNPs and rare CNVs may confer genetic risk to AN. These results point to intriguing genes that await further validation in independent cohorts for confirmatory roles in AN.
A comparison of preconditioners in the solution of parabolic systems in three space dimensions using DASPK and a high order finite element method

Abstract We describe an algorithm for solving systems of parabolic partial differential equations in three space dimensions. Approximate solutions are determined using Galerkin's method with a high order, piecewise polynomial hierarchical basis in space and the differential algebraic equations code DASPK in time. On three test problems, a variant of DASPK that computes Jacobian vector products with a stored analytic Jacobian is compared with the default matrix-free approximation of the Jacobian vector product. Several preconditioners are compared including incomplete Cholesky, banded LU and element-by-element factorizations.
Two material models for cyclic plasticity: nonlinear kinematic hardening and generalized plasticity

Abstract We present a comparative study between a nonlinear kinematic hardening model and a generalized plasticity model. The two models are reviewed and discussed from both continuous and discrete time points of view. The integration of the discrete models based on a return map algorithm is also addressed. The form of the elastoplastic tangent tensors consistent with both the continuous and the discrete versions is discussed; in particular, the latter guarantees quadratic convergence for a Newton method, frequently adopted in an incremental solution scheme. Finally, numerical examples for uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading conditions are presented.
The Role of Government in Managing Intercultural Relations Multicultural Discourse and the Politics of Culture Recognition in Macedonia

When intercultural tensions flare up, governments typically must engage the conflict one way or another. This article questions the possible role of government in transforming these difficult social–cultural–political conflicts into democratic moments. Three theoretical approaches to democracy compete for status in the realm of multicultural politics: majoritarian, consociational, and deliberative democracy. The multicultural features of these three theoretical models are compared in the context of one divided society, Macedonia, a place where the government has been assigned a new role: to implement a policy regarding multicultural inclusion. Since the so‐called Framework Agreement of 2001 has been in effect, interethnic conflict in Macedonia has not been the overheated political problem it was at the inception of the Agreement, even though cultural groups remain divided, anxieties continue, and policy processes are mostly top–down.
Raman-Scattered He II at 4851 Å in the Symbiotic Stars HM Sagittae and V1016 Cygni

We report the detection of a weak emission feature at around 4851 A in the spectra of the symbiotic stars HM Sge and V1016 Cyg and identify these as Raman-scattered He II features. This feature arises from the inelastic scattering of He II (2-8) photons on the ground state of neutral hydrogen. Raman-scattered He II at 4851 A was first identified by van Groningen in the symbiotic star RR Tel and later in the young planetary nebula NGC 7027. V1016 Cyg is one of many stars that is known to exhibit strong, broad Raman-scattered O VI features in its spectrum. These data represent the first detection of Raman-scattered He II in the symbiotic star HM Sge. A brief discussion on the implications of this identification is presented.
Energy-momentum-wheel for satellite power and attitude control systems

In an earlier paper by the author on a 2500 W low Earth orbit satellite, such as NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's EOS-AM, the mass and volume reductions by replacing the battery with a flywheel were estimated to be 35% and 55% respectively. Further savings are possible by using a dual function flywheel that stores energy for the electrical power system and momentum for the attitude control system of the satellite. This paper analyzes the operation of such a dual function flywheel, termed the energy-momentum-wheel. As the spacecraft cannot discharge energy without discharging momentum, the maximum depth of energy discharge is limited by the minimum momentum storage requirement on a given axis. Such mission level operating constraints are analyzed and presented in the form of circle diagrams.
Balloon Embolization to Occlude a Blalock-Taussig Shunt

Balloon embolization was used to successfully occlude a large residual Blalock-Taussig shunt. The use of an “upstream” nondetachable balloon catheter to reduce flow and turbulence during final positioning of the detachable balloon may have made the technique safer and more precise.
Evaluating the performance of value versus glamour stocks The impact of selection bias

We examine whether sample selection bias explains the difference in returns between ‘value’ stocks (high book-to-market ratios) and ‘glamour’ stocks (low book-to-market ratios). Selection bias on Compustat is not a severe problem: for CRSP primary domestic firms, the proportion missing from Compustat is not large and the average return is not very different from the Compustat sample. Mechanical problems with matching Cusip identifiers account for much of the discrepancy between CRSP and Compustat. The superior performance of value stocks is confirmed for the top quintile of NYSE-Amex stocks, using a sample free from selection bias.
Forces shaping major histocompatibility complex evolution in two hyena species

Genes of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are central to adaptive immunity. High levels of observed polymorphism at MHC loci have been hypothesized to be maintained by natural selection acting to preserve alleles for pathogen resistance. Here we examined patterns of multilocus MHC diversity in natural populations of 2 closely related carnivore species: spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena). We also tested hypotheses suggesting specific selection pressures favoring MHC diversity in these hyena species. We found several lines of evidence consistent with positive selection acting at multiple MHC loci in both species. These included high allelic variation, pervasive gene duplication, transspecies segregation of alleles, and codons evolving under positive selection that disproportionately map to known antigen-binding regions. Despite striking behavioral differences between these 2 hyaenids with respect to their mating systems and social behavior, we found no qualitative species differences in MHC loci, nor did we detect differences in the strength of natural selection. Our findings suggest that ancient shared selection pressures, including a common ancestral pattern of carrion feeding, has influenced MHC diversity more strongly in these hyena species than have selection pressures imposed relatively recently by sociality or sexual selection.
Whither Rio +20?: demanding a politics and practice of socially just sustainability

While this issue comes only a short time after delegates from around the world attended and debated the next generation of “sustainable development” at the Rio +20 meetings, our motivation for this...
Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum in the origins of dictyosome-like structures of guinea pig spermatocytes

Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) are formed in early spermatocytes first as single saccules. These saccules occur in association with forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) characterized by a paucity of ribosomes and luminal content, by a constriction of the lumina, and by a tendency to fragment or form myelin figures during fixation. Nascent DLS and the unusual ER cisternae share many characteristics in common including a pattern of staining with fixatives containing tannic acid where the membranes appear thin due to the inner membrane leaflet being unstained or poorly stained. DLS also appear to form in the region conventional Golgi apparatus but always in association with ER forms that frequently occupy portions of the Golgi apparatus zone.
Two-port network analysis and modeling of a balanced armature receiver

Models for acoustic transducers, such as loudspeakers, mastoid bone-drivers, hearing-aid receivers, etc., are critical elements in many acoustic applications. Acoustic transducers employ two-port models to convert between acoustic and electromagnetic signals. This study analyzes a widely-used commercial hearing-aid receiver ED series, manufactured by Knowles Electronics, Inc. Electromagnetic transducer modeling must consider two key elements: a semi-inductor and a gyrator. The semi-inductor accounts for electromagnetic eddy-currents, the 'skin effect' of a conductor (Vanderkooy, 1989), while the gyrator (McMillan, 1946; Tellegen, 1948) accounts for the anti-reciprocity characteristic [Lenz's law (Hunt, 1954, p. 113)]. Aside from Hunt (1954), no publications we know of have included the gyrator element in their electromagnetic transducer models. The most prevalent method of transducer modeling evokes the mobility method, an ideal transformer instead of a gyrator followed by the dual of the mechanical circuit (Beranek, 1954). The mobility approach greatly complicates the analysis. The present study proposes a novel, simplified and rigorous receiver model. Hunt's two-port parameters, the electrical impedance Ze(s), acoustic impedance Za(s) and electro-acoustic transduction coefficient Ta(s), are calculated using ABCD and impedance matrix methods (Van Valkenburg, 1964). The results from electrical input impedance measurements Zin(s), which vary with given acoustical loads, are used in the calculation (Weece and Allen, 2010). The hearing-aid receiver transducer model is designed based on energy transformation flow [electric→ mechanic→ acoustic]. The model has been verified with electrical input impedance, diaphragm velocity in vacuo, and output pressure measurements. This receiver model is suitable for designing most electromagnetic transducers and it can ultimately improve the design of hearing-aid devices by providing a simplified yet accurate, physically motivated analysis. This article is part of a special issue entitled "MEMRO 2012".
Reliability of Fracture Mechanics Approach to Fatigue

Current fatigue design of fracture-critical components, such as tendons and risers, requires dual fatigue life criteria to be satisfied. The S-N approach includes a safety factor (SF) of 10 on the life of the component, while the fracture mechanics (FM) approach includes a safety factor of 5 on the life through-thickness of an acceptable initial flaw. FM provides critical initial flaw sizes such that suitability of the selected NDE methods and weld acceptance criteria can be established. This paper pertains to a comparative fatigue life reliability study between those two approaches. The objective is to develop a rationale for the selection of a safety factor on fatigue life to use in FM calculations. A reliability-based methodology is proposed and implemented. The SFs for FM are obtained by targeting the reliability obtained in fatigue designs based on historically proven S-N damage approach. Random variables entering both approaches were characterized and a number of weld design cases devised to obtain reliabilities. One important variable is the distribution of initial flaw sizes. For this study, flaw distributions were developed from actual inspection records, accounting for the effects of probability of detection and sizing accuracy of the inspection system, as well as the flaw acceptance criteria during fabrication. Comparisons of reliabilities obtained for designs by both approaches for various quality S-N curves, stress spectra, pipe sizes, and initial flaw sizes indicate that there is ample scope to modify downward the current FM safety factor. However, given the limited scope of this study, it is recommended to asses the FM SF using reliability analysis on a project-specific basis.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Studies of hominid—Faunal interactions at Olduvai Borge

This study reports data on cutmarked bones from all major postcranial skeletal elements of bovids and very large mammals (giraffids, hippopotamids, rhinocerotids, and proboscideans) from Bed I, Olduvai Gorge. Data are analyzed in terms of three main foci: (1) the strategy of foodprocurement (scavenging versus hunting); (2) the patterns of carcass utilization; (3) the paleoecology and habitat of the sites at which these cutamarking activities occurred. New formulations of the predictions of scavenging and hunting hypotheses are given; tests suggest that the scavenging hypothesis is still supported by the Olduvai cutmark data. Different patterns of carcass-utilization for bovids and large mammals are documented, with meat and/or skin being the apparent most common focus of bovid utilization and fat the apparent focus of large mammal utilization. Many more cutmarked bovid specimens are found and the activities producing these marks, however the carcasses were acquired, seems to have been preferentially performed in wetter, more closed habitats.
Lymphopoiesis in the nude fetal thymus following sympathectomy.

Abstract This study was carried out to examine the innervation of the nude fetal thymus during ontogeny and to see if lymphopoietic activity would occur within these thymic lobes in the absence of sympathetic neuronal input. Fetal thymic rudiments from nu/nu mice were removed and examined for galoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence to detect the catecholaminergic nerves. Some of these lobes were organ cultured for 5 to 7 days in the presence of deoxyguanosine to eliminate any existing lymphoid cells within the rudiments. Such “nonlymphoid” thymic rudiments were implanted into the anterior eye chambers of syngenic BALB/c mice (heterozygous) from which cervical sympathetic ganglia and part of the sympathetic chain had been surgically removed (right side) one week earlier. The left side was only sham operated. The thymic implants were allowed to grow for up to 21 days on both sides; they were then removed and examined by histofluorescence, immunofluorescence, and light microscopy. The results indicate for the first time that the nude fetal thymus is innervated by sympathetic nerves and that following sympathectomy the nude thymus is able to sustain lymphopoietic activity and generate lymphoid cells which have characteristics present on thymocytes during in vivo development in normal mice, such as binding to peanut agglutinin and expression of Thy-1 antigen. The relationship between the presence of sympathetic inhibitory influence and the thymic atrophy seen in the nude mice during ontogeny, is being investigated.
Small-vessel vasculitis

Small-vessel vasculitis is a convenient descriptor for a wide range of diseases characterized by vascular inflammation of the venules, capillaries, and/or arterioles with pleomorphic clinical manifestations. The classical clinical phenotype is leukocytoclastic vasculitis with palpable purpura, but manifestations vary widely depending upon the organs involved. Histopathologic examination in leukocytoclastic vasculitis reveals angiocentric segmental inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis, and a neutrophilic infiltrate around the blood vessel walls with erythrocyte extravasation. The etiology of small-vessel vasculitis is unknown in many cases, but in others, drugs, post viral syndromes, malignancy, primary vasculitis such as microscopic polyarteritis, and connective tissue disorders are associated. The diagnosis of small-vessel vasculitis relies on a thorough history and physical examination, as well as relevant antibody testing including antinuclear antibody and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, hepatitis B and C serologies, assessment of complement, immunoglobulins, blood count, serum creatinine, liver function tests, urinalysis, radiographic imaging, and biopsy.
Light-emitting diodes based on linear and starburst electro-oligomerized thienyltriphenylamines

Abstract 4,4′-Dithienyl-4″-bromotriphenylamine or 4,4′,4″-trithienyltriphenylamine was oxidized on indium—tin oxide (ITO) electrodes providing linear and starburst oligomers by thiophene coupling reactions. These oligomer layers were coated with aluminum and the resulting sandwiches were used as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The photoemission and electroemission were near 500 nm, with a luminance of about 35 cd m−2 at 8 V and 100 mA cm−2.