cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medications to Assist in Tobacco Cessation for Dental Patients

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness in the United States. Without assistance, only 3% to 6% of smokers successfully quit after 1 year. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), buproprion, and varenicline are first-line pharmacologic therapies. These medications function by reducing nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the desire to smoke. When first-line therapy does not lead to successful smoking cessation, combinations of varenicline with NRT, buproprion with NRT, and varenicline with buproprion may be efficacious. Behavioral therapy also plays a role in smoking cessation and the combination of pharmacologic therapy with behavioral therapy is more effective than either therapy alone.
Functional Dependence in the Calculus of Propositions

1. In the two-valued calculus of propositions, a variable xi may assume only the values 0 or 1; and a function F, of n variables x1, . , xn, has, when constant values are assigned to the variables, either the value 0 or 1. A function of n variables is completely defined if we assign, to every constant set of arguments, a specific value for the function. Let a1,1,...,1 be the value assigned for F(1, 1, * , 1), and in general, a with the subscript consisting of the same sequence of 0's, and l's, as in the constant set of arguments, for the value of F of that constant set. Then the function F is completely defined by the 28 constant a's, which may be independently 0 or 1, depending on the particular definition of the function F. This paper will define and discuss necessary and sufficient* conditions that a function F, however defined, be independent of, or dependent on any variable xi, or any number of them. In section 5 a very simple sufficient condition will be given for a function of n variables to be dependent on all of them. The procedure will be to discuss fully the case for n = 2, and then extend to general n.
Synthesis and reactivity of carbachlorins and carbaporphyrins.

Acid-catalyzed condensation of 3-ethoxymethylenecyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde with a tripyrrane, followed by oxidation with aqueous ferric chloride solutions, afforded moderate yields of a carbachlorin. This porphyrinoid exhibited a porphyrin-like UV–vis spectrum with a slightly intensified peak at 650 nm. The proton NMR spectrum showed that the carbachlorin is highly diatropic, and this has been confirmed by nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations. Oxidation of the carbachlorin with DDQ gave the first example of a carbaporphyrin that is unsubstituted on the carbocyclic ring. Reaction of the carbachlorin with silver(I) acetate gave the corresponding silver(III) organometallic complex. When the carbachlorin was refluxed with methyl iodide and potassium carbonate in acetone, the 22-methyl derivative was formed. Treatment of the N-alkylation product with palladium(II) acetate afforded an unstable palladium(II) carbachlorin that was partially converted into a palladium(II) carbaporphyrin via an o...
Sampling statistics and detection or estimation of diverse populations of stored-product insects

Sampling data for a variety of stages and species of insects, sampling devices, locations in the marketing systems, and types of grain fit a single model with narrow confidence limits, indicating that the same sampling statistics might be used with diverse populations of stored-product insects. The progressively faster increase in variance and the progressively slower increase in the fraction of samples with insects as insect population density increased can both be explained by a purely probabilistic increase in the chance of a sample having more than one insect.
Smart charging strategy of large-scale electric vehicles based on adaptive genetic algorithm

Electric vehicles connected to the grid exhibits strong uncertainty in time and space. Dumb charging of large-scale electric vehicles might have adverse impacts on distribution system by causing much high peak load exceeding the supply limits of devices.This paper proposes a model for smart charging control of electric vehicles, which takes smoothing the daily load profile as the objective function and fully accounts the EV owner's requirement. An adaptive genetic algorithm is applied for solving the model.Using the IEEE 33-bus case as the test systems, scenarios of EVs integration are simulated by Monte Carlo stochastic methods. Smart charging strategy is obtained using the proposed model and method. By comparing with the load profile under dumb charging, the validity of the proposed model is proved.
Villous Adenoma of the Urachus with Mucusuria: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

AbstractAfter 2 years of mucusuria a villous adenoma of the urachus was resected from a woman by partial cystectomy and excision of the entire urachus. Convalescence was uneventful and the patient was well 12 months later. Urachal adenomas are rare, this being the sixteenth case reported. Generally, they are multilocular cystic tumors lined by columnar epithelium with a population of mucous goblet cells. Often, there is a striking resemblance to gut epithelium. Ultrastructurally, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the tissue resembles gut mucosa. Urinary mucus is a common and relatively specific symptom for adenomas of the lower urachus, occurring in 7 of 11 cases. Resection alone is effective therapy but care must be exercised to avoid spilling adenoma cells in the peritoneum.
Neo-Gramscian Theory and Third World Violence: A Time for Broadening

AbstractThis article argues that the neo-Gramscian theory of hegemony is not as useful in explaining the rise and consolidation of the modern world system. In particular, while the force-consensus approach may indeed be relevant in examining relations among the Western countries, it is fundamentally wanting when applied to the third world. The two main reasons concern the persistent violence against the third world, and the dominance of race and racism as social forces in the production and maintenance of successive world orders. Neo-Gramscian theory needs to be broadened perhaps by paying attention to the relevant thinking in postcolonialism.
Influence of Birthweight on the Prospective Stillbirth Risk in the Third Trimester: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of birthweight on prospective stillbirth risk. Methods Cross-sectional study of singleton births in the United States from 2010 to 2012 from 32 through 42 weeks was conducted. Stillbirth risk was stratified by birthweight and gestational age adjusted for time from death to delivery. The primary outcome was the prospective stillbirth risk for each birthweight category. Student t -test was used for continuous data, chi-square to compare categorical data. Binomial proportions were used to derive prospective and cumulative risks. Cox proportional hazards regression with log–rank test comparison for heterogeneity was used to compare birthweight categories and derive hazard ratios. Results There was an increase in the risk for stillbirth as birthweight diverged from the reference group. At 40 weeks adjusted gestational age, stillbirth rate per 10,000 births for the bottom (6.17, 95% CI: 7.47–4.87) and top (2.37, 95%CI: 3.1–1.65) 5th centiles of birthweight conveyed the highest risk. Hazard ratios (HR) after adjusting for covariates were: 1.55 (1.73–1.4) 95th centile ( p Conclusion Stillbirth risk increases as birthweight departs from the mean. Birthweight below the 5th and above the 95th centile conveyed a significantly increased risk for stillbirth which was most noticeable after 37 weeks.
Raman scattering in a two-dimensional Fermi liquid with spin-orbit coupling

We present a microscopic theory of Raman scattering in a two-dimensional Fermi liquid (FL) with Rashba and Dresselhaus types of spin-orbit coupling and subject to an in-plane magnetic field $(\stackrel{P\vec}{B})$. In the long-wavelength limit, the Raman spectrum probes the collective modes of such a FL: the chiral spin waves. The characteristic features of these modes are a linear-in-$q$ term in the dispersion and the dependence of the mode frequency on the directions of both $\stackrel{P\vec}{q}$ and $\stackrel{P\vec}{B}$. All of these features have been observed in recent Raman experiments on ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$ quantum wells.
Rescue PCR: Reagent-rich PCR recipe improves amplification of degraded DNA extracts

Abstract Minimizing the inadvertent co-extraction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors and/or subduing their influence are two of the most pervasive challenges in the study of ancient DNA (aDNA). Some commonly employed methods to circumvent inhibition include dilution of DNA extracts and/or removal of inhibitors via silica-based treatments. While these methods have been shown to be effective, they may not be useful for all aDNA extracts. Samples with very low copy number, for instance, may not benefit from such methods, as dilutions lower DNA concentration in tandem with the inhibitors, and some DNA loss is expected to follow silica-based treatments. Therefore, the development of additional options to overcome PCR inhibition is at a premium. In this study, we present evidence that a reagent-rich PCR protocol, where all reagents are increased in equal relative proportion can increase amplification success when DNA concentration is reduced relative to inhibitors. The reagent-rich PCR recipe, termed rescue PCR, increased amplification success by 51% for the 112 extracts used in the study. Rescue PCR represents a simple and robust addition to the suite of options currently available to work with DNA in the presence of inhibition, especially ancient, degraded, and low copy number DNA extracts.
Response of Flight Nurses in a Simulated Helicopter Environment.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if a helicopter flight simulator could provide a useful educational platform by creating experiences similar to those encountered by actual flight nurses. Methods Flight nurse (FN) and non-FN participants completed a simulated emergency scenario in a flight simulator. Physiologic and psychological stress during the simulation was measured using heart rate and perceived stress scores. A questionnaire was then administered to assess the realism of the flight simulator. Results Subjects reported that the overall experience in the flight simulator was comparable with a real helicopter. Sounds, communications, vibrations, and movements in the simulator most approximated those of a real-life helicopter environment. Perceived stress levels of all participants increased significantly from 27 (on a 0-100 scale) before simulation to 51 at the peak of the simulation and declined thereafter to 28 (P Conclusion The results of this study suggest that simulation of a critical care scenario in a high-fidelity helicopter flight simulator can provide a realistic helicopter transport experience and create physiologic and psychological stress for participants.
Linear Cellular Automata and Decidability

We delineate the boundary between decidability and undecidability in the context of one-dimensional cellular automata. The key tool for decidability results are automata-theoretic methods, and in particular decision algorithms for automatic structures, that are inherently limited to dealing with a bounded number of steps in the evolution of a configuration. Undecidability and hardness, on the other hand, are closely related to the full orbit problem: does a given configuration appear in the orbit of another?
Chapter 4 – Contribution of Nucleic Acids in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in a number of cellular compartments, but most of the intracellular ROS can be traced back to the mitochondria, where excessive ROS generation impairs mitochondrial quality control systems. Oxidative damage to DNA results in chemical modifications to the DNA bases or to deoxyribose. For example, oxidation of DNA results in the formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Oxidative and nitrosative DNA damage occur continuously in vivo. However, it is exacerbated in diseases, which are accompanied by oxidative stress. Levels of 8-OHdG in mitochondrial DNA isolated from the parietal cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are significantly (three times) higher than that of age-matched controls. Oxidative modifications to RNA can be detected with immunocytochemistry, with results showing increased levels of 8-hydroxyguanosine in brains with AD.
Adipose tissue DNA methylome changes in development of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation.

Aim New-onset diabetes after kidney transplant (NODAT) adversely impacts kidney allograft and patient survival. Epigenetic alterations in adipose tissue like DNA methylation may play a contributory role. Methods Adipose tissue DNA of the patients with NODAT and their age, sex and BMI matched controls (nine each) were sequenced by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were studied. Results Adipose tissue from the patients had reduced DNA methylation in intergenic and intronic regions. DMCs were found to be more hypomethylated in repeat regions and hypermethylated in CGIs and promoter region. About 900 DMRs were found and their associated genes were significantly enriched in 32 pathways, the top ones of which were associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Some DMR or DMC genes have known T2DM associations. Conclusion Changes in DNA methylation in adipose tissue may be suggestive of future NODAT.
The Perceived Impact of I am Moving, I am Learning on Physical Activity and Family Involvement: A Preliminary Investigation.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived impact of I am Moving, I am Learning (IMIL) on physical activity (PA) levels, along with family and community involvement in a Head Start program in Illinois. METHODS Employing qualitative methods, data were collected via a parent/caregiver survey and program staff focus groups in Rock Island, Illinois. RESULTS IMIL was perceived to have made an impact in several areas including knowledge, health-related behaviors, and supportive school and home environments. A positive impact also was reported regarding 6 types of family involvement (parenting, communicating, decision making, volunteering, community collaboration, and learning at home). CONCLUSIONS Participants in the study reported that IMIL contributed to increased levels of PA and family/community involvement. The participants perceived that the use of IMIL helped parents/caregivers and their children become healthier, by improving the whole family's activity levels. Faculty and staff also reported that there were few barriers related to the implementation and sustainability of IMIL use in childcare settings.
A Review of Recycled Aggregates (RAP and RCA) as Unbound Base Course Material for Sustainable Highway Construction

This paper presents a review of unbound recycled materials, specifically recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), as road base course for sustainable highway construction. A total of fifteen recycled materials were collected for characterization and testing from across the USA. Compaction characteristics and resilient moduli of these samples were determined and predictive equations were derived. Test sections were constructed using recycled materials in the granular base layers at the MnROAD test facility. Large-Scale Model Experiments (LSME) replicating field-scale conditions were also conducted and scalability of various scale modulus measurements was investigated. When compared to conventional base course, RAP and RCA experienced higher modulus. Discussion includes mechanical and durability characteristics, and leaching behavior. Sustainability evaluation of material alternatives in a project is described.
Reversal of drug-induced gingival overgrowth by UV-mediated apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts — an in vitro study.

Gingival overgrowth (GO) is an undesirable result of certain drugs like Cyclosporine A (CsA). Histopathology of GO shows hyperplasia of gingival epithelium, expansion of connective tissue with increased collagen, or a combination. Factors such as age, gender, oral hygiene, duration, and dosage also influence onset and severity of GO. One of the mechanisms behind uncontrolled cell proliferation in drug-induced GO is inhibition of apoptotic pathways, with a consequent effect on normal cell turnover. Our objective was to determine if UV photo-treatment would activate apoptosis in the gingival fibroblast component. Human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) were exposed to 200ng/ml or 400ng/ml CsA and maintained for 3, 6, and 9 days, followed by UV radiation for 2, 5, or 10min (N=6). Naive (no CsA or UV), negative (UV, no CsA), and positive controls (CsA, no UV) were designated. Prior to UV treatment, growth media was replaced with 1M PBS to prevent absorption of UV radiation by serum proteins, and cells were incubated in growth media for 24h post-UV before processing for TUNEL assay, cell proliferation assays, or immunofluorescence. Data showed a temporal increase in proliferation of HGF-1 cells under the influence of CsA. The 200ng/ml dose was more effective in causing over-proliferation. UV treatment for 10min resulted in significant reduction in cell numbers, as evidenced by counts and proliferation assays. Our study is a first step to further evaluate UV-mediated apoptosis as a mechanism to control certain forms of GO.
Stability enhancement of yttrium substituted nickel zinc ferrite/PZT magnetoelectric gyrators under high power conditions

The influence of yttrium (Y) ion substitution on the magneto-mechanical properties of nickel-zinc ferrite (Ni0.7Zn0.3YxFe2-xO4) or NZFO-Y and the power efficiency (η) of magnetoelectric (ME) gyrators consisting of NZFO-Y/Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 layers were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of polycrystalline samples of NZFO-Y indicated that yttrium incorporated into the crystal lattice resulted in an enlargement of the lattice parameter. Also, the density and ionic hopping length were increased, and the porosity was decreased. Together, these resulted in significant changes in the magneto-mechanical coupling (k33,m) and mechanical quality (Qm) factors. It was found that k33,m decreased with the increasing Y content for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08, whereas Qm was increased. For x > 0.05, the values of k33,m and Qm were found to be nearly stable with increasing input power density (PD-Ms) up to 47 W/in3. Under this high power driving condition for 20 min, we found that the power conversion stability of ME gyrators was increased with the increasing Y content in the ferrite and that a maximum power conversion efficiency occurred near 77%. These findings offer the potential for ferrite-based ME gyrator applications in power electronic conversion devices.
Birth Order, Sibling Competition, and Human Behavior

Sibling competition is widespread among bird and animal species and sometimes leads to siblicide. By influencing the strategies that siblings employ in their struggles for dominance, birth order affects the outcomes of such contests. In our own species, birth order is a proxy for disparities in age, physical size, and status, all of which contribute to personality. In addition, birth order is related to the roles and niches available to offspring within the family system. On average, firstborns—who tend to act as surrogate parents—are more conscientious than laterborns, whereas laterborns are more agreeable, extraverted, and nonconforming. As strategies for dealing with rivals in a dominance hierarchy, as well as for optimizing parental investment, these sibling differences are consistent with a Darwinian perspective on family life. So are other links between personality and family dynamics, particularly those associated with parental investment and parent-offspring conflict. In adulthood, human behavior continues to reflect these formative influences, although such behavioral dispositions generally need to be catalyzed by appropriate situations in order to be fully expressed.
Strengthening in Mo-33Re Deformed to Large Strains

ABSTRACT Substructural strengthening has been studied in Mo-33 at.% Re deformed to large rolling strains (E ~ 2.6). The alloy exhibits continued increases in both the hardening and dislocation density with strain, with the defect substructure undergoing a transition from loose tangles of dislocations at small strains (E ~ 0.5) to an evolving cell structure at larger strains. The strengthening at small strains is proportional to the square root of the dislocation density. Additional strengthening from the development of the dislocation cell structure at large strains can be expressed in terms of a Hall-Petch type relationship. In addition to a decrease in cell size with strain, the nature of the cell walls changes, which is reflected in an increase in the cell wall strength coefficient. The magnitude and transient nature of the contribution to strengthening from texture development indicate that it is not of primary importance in this case.
Accurate Malware Detection by Extreme Abstraction

Modern malware applies a rich arsenal of evasion techniques to render dynamic analysis ineffective. In turn, dynamic analysis tools take great pains to hide themselves from malware; typically this entails trying to be as faithful as possible to the behavior of a real run. We present a novel approach to malware analysis that turns this idea on its head, using an extreme abstraction of the operating system that intentionally strays from real behavior. The key insight is that the presence of malicious behavior is sufficient evidence of malicious intent, even if the path taken is not one that could occur during a real run of the sample. By exploring multiple paths in a system that only approximates the behavior of a real system, we can discover behavior that would often be hard to elicit otherwise. We aggregate features from multiple paths and use a funnel-like configuration of machine learning classifiers to achieve high accuracy without incurring too much of a performance penalty. We describe our system, TAMALES (The Abstract Malware Analysis LEarning System), in detail and present machine learning results using a 330K sample set showing an FPR (False Positive Rate) of 0.10% with a TPR (True Positive Rate) of 99.11%, demonstrating that extreme abstraction can be extraordinarily effective in providing data that allows a classifier to accurately detect malware.
Multidisciplinary Discourses in an Engineering Design-Based Science Curricular Unit.

To promote rich discourse around scientific and engineering practices, teachers may turn to engineering design-based science curricula; however, this has discursive demands which have yet to be examined in a unit focused on integration of engineering and science. To investigate these discursive demands, we expand on the definition of discourse to include the ways of knowing, doing, talking, reading, writing, and context within science and engineering—and refer to these as disciplinary Discourses. The following major research question guided this study: how are multiple Discourses enacted by both the teacher during whole class discussions and students in small groups in an engineering design-based curricular unit? In this descriptive case study, we investigated these disciplinary Discourses in a design-based unit that focused on integration of engineering into a sixth-grade genetics unit through whole-class videos and audio recordings of a target student group. Our findings suggest that while the Discourses present in whole class discussions often reflected the focus of the daily lesson, this unit creates a space for multidisciplinary Discourse to emerge between science and engineering. Also, this teacher merged everyday and more technical disciplinary Discourses to scaffold the students’ understanding. Finally, we observed multidisciplinary Discourses between science and engineering emerge in our student group, suggesting that students can successfully integrate the two disciplines. This study therefore begins to investigate the disciplinary Discourses present in a design-based curricular unit and specifically multidisciplinary Discourses that may enhance students’ understanding of both science and engineering.
A short synthesis of (±)-alloyohimbane via a thioisomünchnone based intramolecular dipolar-cycloaddition reaction

Abstract Thioisomunchnone dipoles were generated by the reaction of bromoalkenoyl chlorides with thioamides. The intramolecular dipolar-cycloaddition reaction was used for a short synthesis of the yohimbanoid alkaloid (±)-alloyohimbane.
Apocalyptic Argument and the Anticipation of Catastrophe: the Prediction of Risk and the Risks of Prediction

This essay proposes to extend the model of apocalyptic argument developedin my recent book Arguing the Apocalypse (O‘Leary, 1994) beyond the study ofreligious discourse, by applying this model to the debate over awell-publicized earthquake prediction that caused a widespread panic in theAmerican midwest in December, 1990. The first section of the essay willsummarize the essential elements of apocalyptic argument as I have earlierdefined them; the second section will apply the model to the case of the NewMadrid, Missouri, earthquake prediction, in order to demonstrate thatcertain patterns of reasoning characteristic of religious apocalyptic arepresent in the discourse over an anticipated local disaster. My ultimatepurpose is to show that predictions of global and local catastrophe mayserve as extreme cases that will illuminate the dynamics of predictiveargument in general. Thus my argument will seek to undercut Daniel Bell‘sdistinction between prophecy and prediction (Bell, 1973) by establishingthat these discourses share identifiable formal and substantivecharacteristics, and depend for their rhetorical effect on anxiety, hope,far, and excitement as modes of temporal anticipation.
Ether: Providing both Interactive Service and Fairness in Multi-Tenant Datacenters

Multi-tenant datacenters and cloud networks must provide both isolation and interactive service to tenant applications, many of which are sensitive to tail flow completion times. Network operators must also ensure high utilization of network capacity to reduce cost. Existing approaches that statically partition network capacity, in either time or space, provide good isolation but suffer from under-utilization. Existing schemes that dynamically allocate capacity to tenants incur either decreased fairness or high tail flow completion times. To overcome these limitations, we propose Ether. Ether is able to overcome these limitations because it can prioritize bursty flows during short congestion episodes while still ensuring fairness at long timescales. In this paper, we present a preliminary design of Ether and discuss its feasibility in today's programmable switches. Our evaluations show that, at high loads, Ether achieves 23% improvement in tail flow completion times (FCT) when compared with idealized fair queueing (FQ) while still providing similar fairness as FQ. In contrast, pFabric, which optimizes FCT, worsens fairness by a factor of 1.8 when compared with Ether.
Foveal vasculature changes and nonperfusion in patients with diabetes types I and II with no evidence of diabetic retinopathy

To analyze the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with diabetes and no retinopathy vs. controls using OCT angiography (OCT-A). Prospective, observational clinical study. Type I and II diabetics with no retinopathy and healthy control patients underwent OCT-A. The FAZ size and capillary density were calculated using Image J and Adobe Photoshop CS8. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test and the Pearson correlation test. Fifty-two eyes of 28 diabetic patients and 28 eyes of 16 healthy controls were enrolled. Type I diabetes patients had a longer disease duration than type II (30.3 ± 10.3 vs. 12.3 ± 9.7 years). The mean superficial capillary plexus (SCP) of the FAZ area was 0.27 ± 0.1, 0.36 ± 0.14, and 0.27 ± 0.12 mm2, for the type I, type II, and controls (p = 0.0058) and was significantly larger in type II diabetics (p < 0.05). The mean DCP (deep capillary plexus) FAZ was significantly larger in type II diabetics vs. controls (0.67 ± 0.2 and 0.52 ± 0.16 mm2 respectively) (p < 0.05). Both type I and type II SCP capillary density were significantly lower than the controls (p < 0.05, p < 0.005), and DCP capillary density was significantly lower in type II vs. controls (p < 0.005). Type I patients showed fewer changes in the FAZ than the type II group, although their duration of diabetes was longer. Larger studies are needed to better analyze the differences between type I and type II diabetics.
Optimal Attack Strategy for Multi-Transmission Line Congestion in Cyber-Physical Smart Grids

Smart girds security is raising a lot of concerns to governments, energy industries, and consumers. Due to the vulnerability of smart grids and their critical nature, they can be a prime target for cyberattacks. False data injections in targeted buses can manipulate the power system measurements in such a way that the power flow in the system’s lines are altered. If those attacks are not observed, the attacker is able to overflow some lines with minimal unobserved false data injections which might cause power outages and even system blackouts. This paper proposes a bi-level mixed integer linear programming (BMILP) optimization model for false data injection on targeted buses to cause an overflow in transmission lines of a power system. The upper level problem of the model finds the minimum false data injections in targeted buses that can bypass DC state estimation and cause an overflow in selected lines by the attacker. The lower level problem runs the optimal power flow problem taking into account the false data injections to find a new optimal solution that satisfies the optimal power flow constraints and prevent lines overflow. The paper validates the results of such an attack considering IEEE 30 bus test system with several possible cases for the attack.
Microglia in the hypothalamus respond to tumor‐derived factors and are protective against cachexia during pancreatic cancer

Microglia in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) respond to inflammatory stimuli and metabolic perturbations to mediate body composition. This concept is well studied in the context of high fat diet induced obesity (HFDO), yet has not been investigated in the context of cachexia, a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism. We show that microglia accumulate specifically in the MBH early in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-associated cachexia and assume an activated morphology. Furthermore, we observe astrogliosis in the MBH and hippocampus concurrent with cachexia initiation. We next show that circulating immune cells resembling macrophages infiltrate the MBH. PDAC-derived factors induced microglia to express a transcriptional profile in vitro that was distinct from that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microglia depletion through CSF1-R antagonism resulted in accelerated cachexia onset and increased anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism during PDAC. This corresponded with increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CSF1-R antagonism had little effect on inflammatory response in the circulation, liver, or tumor. These findings demonstrate that microglia are protective against PDAC cachexia and provide mechanistic insight into this function.
Adjuvant crizotinib in high-risk uveal melanoma following definitive therapy.

10075Background: Uveal melanomas (UM) measuring at least 12mm in base diameter with a class 2 signature as defined by gene expression profiling (DecisionDx-UM) are characterized by high metastatic ...
State-Level Income Inequality and County-Level Social Capital in Relation to Individual-Level Depression in Middle-Aged Adults: A Lagged Multilevel Study

In the US, the incidence of depression and suicide have followed escalating trends over the past several years. These trends call for greater efforts towards identifying their underlying drivers and finding effective prevention strategies and treatments. One social determinant of health that plausibly influences the risk of depression is income inequality, the gap between the rich and poor. However, research on this association is still sparse. We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the US Census to investigate the multilevel lagged associations of state-level income inequality with the individual-level odds of depression in middle-aged adults, controlling for state- and individual-level factors. We also examined the independent associations of county-level social capital with depression and explored whether it mediated the income inequality relationship. Higher income inequality at the state level predicted higher odds of individual-level depression nearly 2 decades later [OR for middle vs. lowest tertile of income inequality = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.76), OR for highest vs. lowest tertile = 1.34 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.78)]. This association was stronger among men than women. Furthermore, there was evidence that county-level social capital independently predicted depression and that it mediated the income inequality association. Overall, our findings suggest that policies attenuating levels of income inequality at the US state level and that leverage social capital may protect against one's likelihood of developing depression.
Using Serious Games to Increase Prevention and Self-Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Older Adults With Cancer.

Objectives To examine the frequency and types of preventive and self-management behaviors reported by participants, as well as report acceptability and usability data for the electronic Symptom Self-Management Training-Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) serious game. Sample & setting 80 adults who were aged 60 years or older and newly diagnosed with cancer were recruited from a community cancer center. Methods & variables Participants were randomized to an intervention or control group. A symptom management checklist was used to record preventive and self-management behaviors used after each chemotherapy treatment at home. Acceptability and usability were assessed using a brief survey. Results The intervention group reported using more preventive behaviors, and the control group reported using more self-management behaviors. Antiemetics were the most common strategy used, followed by dietary strategies. Participants rated all aspects of the serious game highly for usability and acceptability. Implications for nursing Oncology providers can help older adults plan for self-managing treatment-related side effects at home. Recording self-management behaviors may reinforce the importance of active prevention and management of CINV.
Comparison of methylation capture sequencing and Infinium MethylationEPIC array in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have been widely applied to identify methylation CpG sites associated with human disease. To date, the Infinium MethylationEPIC array (EPIC) is commonly used for high-throughput DNA methylation profiling. However, the EPIC array covers only 30% of the human methylome. Methylation Capture bisulfite sequencing (MC-seq) captures target regions of methylome and has advantages of extensive coverage in the methylome at an affordable price. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in four peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples was profiled by using SureSelectXT Methyl-Seq for MC-seq and EPIC platforms separately. CpG site-based reproducibility of MC-seq was assessed with DNA sample inputs ranging in quantity of high (> 1000 ng), medium (300–1000 ng), and low (150 ng–300 ng). To compare the performance of MC-seq and the EPIC arrays, we conducted a Pearson correlation and methylation value difference at each CpG site that was detected by both MC-seq and EPIC. We compared the percentage and counts in each CpG island and gene annotation between MC-seq and the EPIC array. After quality control, an average of 3,708,550 CpG sites per sample were detected by MC-seq with DNA quantity > 1000 ng. Reproducibility of DNA methylation in MC-seq-detected CpG sites was high among samples with high, medium, and low DNA inputs (r > 0.96). The EPIC array captured an average of 846,464 CpG sites per sample. Compared with the EPIC array, MC-seq detected more CpGs in coding regions and CpG islands. Among the 472,540 CpG sites captured by both platforms, methylation of a majority of CpG sites was highly correlated in the same sample (r: 0.98–0.99). However, methylation for a small proportion of CpGs (N = 235) differed significantly between the two platforms, with differences in beta values of greater than 0.5. Our results show that MC-seq is an efficient and reliable platform for methylome profiling with a broader coverage of the methylome than the array-based platform. Although methylation measurements in majority of CpGs are highly correlated, a number of CpG sites show large discrepancy between the two platforms, which warrants further investigation and needs cautious interpretation.
The Hill and the Asphalt: A 50-year perspective on informality in Rio de Janeiro

Este artigo defende que a informalidade e essencial para a vitalidade urbana e que a habilidade de o setor informal funcionar depende da forca de trabalho; de consumo; da resiliencia social; e do capital intelectual das pessoas consideradas marginais. Com base nos seus 50 anos de trabalho de campo original nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro, a autora discorda da meta tao publicizada de se alcancarem ’Cidades sem Favelas’. Perlman argumenta que cidades sem favelas sao cidades sem alma. Para ela, nao e a informalidade que deveria ser erradicada, mas a pobreza, desigualdade e a exclusao. As suas conclusoes mostram o que mudou no caso das favelas do Rio a partir do acompanhamento de centenas de familias por quatro geracoes. Ela conta a evolucao das politicas publicas direcionadas as favelas, que partiram de um estagio hostil a um esperancoso e novamente a uma fase hostil. Essas politicas marcaram o retorno das remocoes e a sabotagem de promissores projetos sociais, de urbanizacao e de promocao da seguranca publica. O resultado dessas politicas ao longo dos ultimos 20 anos foi o aumento da segregacao espacial e socioeconomica, que, por sua vez, aumentou a violencia. Essa tendencia fez da vulnerabilidade uma condicao cronica nas comunidades informais das Zonas Sul e Norte, erodindo a sensacao de seguranca e de individualidade. O capitulo termina com a proposta de se ir alem do pensamento de base territorial para aquele baseado na remediacao da pobreza e nas abordagens baseadas em direitos, incluindo o direito a cidade e o direito universal a dignidade.
Effect of high energy ball milling on spherical metallic powder particulates for additive manufacturing

Properties, such as morphology, particle size, and hardness affect the ability of a powder to flow and bond to a surface in additive manufacturing (AM) applications. The effects of high energy ball...
BANKING ON DIGITAL MONEY: Swedish Cashlessness and the Fraying Currency Tether

As cash has suddenly gone missing from Swedish life, a growing range of citizens and institutions have sounded the alarm that cash enabled a space of egalitarian access now under threat. But because commercial bank currency is gradually displacing public central bank currency, cashlessness in Sweden is not only threatening its egalitarian ethos but also the Swedish Central Bank’s capacity to provide a guaranteed state payment mechanism. The consequences of Sweden’s battles over cash-issuance may presage the future of our global banking system in a digital age, while also illuminating what is here called currency’s “tethering mechanism.” Because bank-issued currencies represent chains of credit/debt, exchanging and storing different currencies can tether and de-tether their users to different institutions, thereby offering anthropologists the possibility of mapping the waxing and waning of various dominant social institutions. Sammanfattning Det svenska samhallet har bara pa nagra ar kommit att bli ett kontantlost samhalle. Nu larmar institutioner och medborgare om att bristen pa kontanter hotar mojligheten for invanare att delta i samhallet pa ett likvardigt satt. Det kontantlosa samhallet hotar inte bara dess jamlikhetsetos utan ocksa den svenska centralbankens formaga att tillhandahalla en garanterad statlig betalningsmekanism da affarsbanksvaluta gradvis forskjuter den offentliga centralbanksvalutan. Det svenska banksystemet fungerar darfor som ett bra exempel utifran vilket vi kan forutse konsekvenserna av ett kontantlost globalt banksystem, samtidigt som det ocksa kan belysa det som har kallas valutans “tethering mechanism”. Utbyte och lagerhallning av olika valutor kopplar eller skiljer anvandare till eller fran olika institutioner, eftersom bankemitterade valutor representerar kedjor av kredit/skuld. Det ger antropologer mojlighet att studera och kartlagga dominerande sociala institutioners uppgang och fall.
Development of Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) Fidelity Codes Assessing Motivational Interviewing with Couples.

This study evaluated preliminary reliability and validity evidence for novel scores that extend the motivational interviewing treatment integrity (MITI) coding system to assess elements unique to motivational interviewing (MI) with couples. We recruited 20 cismale couples where at least one partner was aged 18–29; reported substance use; and was HIV-negative. Couples were randomized to a three-session MI or attention-matched education control. Four coders rated audio-recordings of initial sessions in both conditions. Novel global scores had high nearly-exact percent agreement (Decreasing Dyadic Ambivalence = 100%; Facilitating Dyadic Functioning = 94%). Consistency for novel behavior counts was good (ICCdyadic reflections = .72) and above minimum thresholds (nearly-exact agreement for Relationship Affirmations = 78%). MI sessions generated novel and established MITI codes that were significantly better than education sessions, providing preliminary evidence of validity. Findings provided initial support for the use of these novel scores in future research evaluating MI-based substance use and HIV risk reduction studies with couples.
Maximum Matchings in Regular Graphs of High Girth

Let $G=(V,E)$ be any $d$-regular graph with girth $g$ on $n$ vertices, for $d \geq 3$. This note shows that $G$ has a maximum matching which includes all but an exponentially small fraction of the vertices, $O((d-1)^{-g/2})$. Specifically, in a maximum matching of $G$, the number of unmatched vertices is at most $n/n_0(d,g)$, where $n_0(d,g)$ is the number of vertices in a ball of radius $\lfloor(g-1)/2\rfloor$ around a vertex, for odd values of $g$, and around an edge, for even values of $g$. This result is tight if $n
Monopsonistic Competition in Formal and Informal Labor Markets

The workhorse of urban labor theory in development economics is the formal/informal model of labor market segmentation and its variants. The seminal Harris-Todaro model has been extended over the years to cope with various empirical puzzles not explained in the original framework. However, one issue stands out that cannot easily be explained in a competitive framework. Specifically, there is considerable evidence suggesting that many workers choose to work in the informal sector, even though formal sector jobs are available to them and despite the fact that wages are typically higher in the formal sector. One solution is to depart from the usual competitive framework and consider formal and informal labor markets under oligopsony/monopsonistic competition.
Poetic Allusions in Billy Collins's THE NIGHT HOUSE

Billy Collins's “The Night House” (published in his 1998 collection Picnic, Lightning) is a poem that is ostensibly about the various needs the integrated human self has for its component parts. Th...
Washing and filtering of cell‐salvaged blood – does it make autotransfusion safer?

SUMMARY Autologous transfusion was first performed in the late 1800s, but it was not until the 1970s that devices were developed that enabled widespread adoption of the practice. Unwashed salvaged blood contains thrombogenic products, cell breakdown products and plasma proteins, and gross chemical, cellular and physical contaminants. Washing and filtering of salvaged blood is routinely performed to remove or reduce these elements. In this paper we review the clinical data supporting the need for washing and filtering of salvaged blood.
Application of the Microsurgical Robot RAMS in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

In the mid-1980s an advent of sophisticated mechanical manipulators named – ‘Robots’ after the well-known Czech writer Karel Capek, was the historical moment introducing for the first time the idea of application of these efficient manufacturing tools to assist surgeons during surgical procedures performed on patients. These robots, despite of straightforward adaptation of serial industrial machines were named ‘surgical robots’ and they were first utilized at the end of 1980s to harvest biopsies during deep brain surgery. The robotic devices from the very beginning found applications in many fields of surgery including vascular surgery.
Path planning for autonomous car to avoid moving obstacles by steering using tangent-arc-tangent-arc-tangent model

We propose a path planning method to avoid moving obstacles only by steering. The method uses the tangent-arc-tangent-arc-tangent model to plan a path that satisfies two requirements: 1) the own vehicle modeled as a rigid body with a shape and direction doesn't collide with moving obstacles on the path (i.e., the path is collisionless); 2) the path takes into account the vehicle dynamics (this is accomplished through a feedback control). The second requirement is necessary even if the planned path is collisionless because skids while the vehicle is actually running may lead to collisions with obstacles. We verified the effectiveness of the proposed method by using a vehicle dynamics simulator.
General methodology 2: an efficient method for simulating fractional stable motion

An efficient methodology for simulating paths of fractional stable motion is presented. The proposed approach is based on invariance principles for linear processes. A detailed analysis of the error terms involved is given and the performance of the method is assessed through an extensive simulation study.
Thermostimulated currents in a-Si:H and a-Si:N:H

Abstract We measured thermostimulated excess conductivities (TSC) in pure hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and films doped with 2% nitrogen. The results are discussed in terms of the multiple trapping theory. N-doped films show the largest TSC and the longest photocarrier lifetime. The TSC show pronounced structure as a function of temperature and decrease rapidly by several orders of magnitude as defects are created by light exposure. The TSC curves show two distinct regimes: (I) a low temperature rise during which traps above the quasi-Fermi level E q thermalize, and (II) a regime of thermal emission from traps near E q while E q decreases with increasing temperature.