cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of whole-tree clear-cutting on soil processes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

The effects of whole-tree clear-cutting on soil processes and streamwater chemistry were examined in a northern hardwood forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Soil processes were examined by monitoring soil solution chemistry collected using zero-tension lysimeters from the Oa, Bh and Bs horizons at three sites along an elevational/vegetation gradient. Whole-tree clear-cutting created a severe ecosystem disturbance leading to leaching losses of nutrients from the soil profile, increased acidification, and elevated concentrations of Al-ions in soil solutions and streamwater. The response was driven by the process of nitrification that led to production of nitric acid in both the forest floor and mineral soil horizons. This acidity was largely neutralized by release and leaching of basic cations and inorganic monomeric Al-ions leaching with the NO3-ions. The major source of nutrient loss was from the forest floor. The chemical response to the clear-cut was most intense during the second year following the treatment and declined to near reference concentrations in 4–5 years. High elevation sites showed the greatest response to disturbance and the slowest recovery of soil solution concentrations to pre-cut concentrations. Shallow soils and a slower recovery of vegetation at the upper elevation sites were the primary factors contributing to the enhanced disturbance and delayed recovery (and enhanced response to disturbance in the upper elevation sites).
On the nature of depressive and anxious states in a family practice setting: The high prevalence of bipolar II and related disorders in a cohort followed longitudinally

Much of the scientific literature on affective states in primary care settings is derived from instrument-based diagnoses, typically without the benefit of clinical in-depth examination. In a naturalistic family practice setting, we prospectively evaluated 108 consecutive anxious and/or depressed patients. All diagnoses derived from semistructured interviews conducted by a family physician with enhanced training in mood disorders. Nonbipolar depressions were found in 60 of 108 patients (55.6%), nearly half of whom were in the depression not otherwise specified (DNOS) category; yet on careful history, all but two of 28 DNOS cases had major depressive episodes in the past. Twenty-eight patients (25.9%) were diagnosed with bipolar I, II, or III disorder or cyclothymia. Panic disorder was found in 9%, and obsessive-compulsive disorder and active chemical dependency were each diagnosed in 3%. Bipolar spectrum disorders were common (one in three within the depressive group) and at times were not recognized until several weeks or months into the treatment phase of the depressed or anxious state. Although the largest percentage of patients had DNOS at the index episode, bipolar illness (usually bipolar II) was also common. Our findings contrast with the nearly total unipolarity reported in the instrument-based (nonclinician) literature. If generalizable, our observations have significant implications for physician education and practice, since bipolar depressions require different interventions. Further investigation to explore interview approaches and/or instruments sensitive for hypomania and other "soft" bipolar features seems warranted.
Role of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in aspiration-induced lung injury.

Objective To determine the role of the chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, in the pathogenesis of aspiration-induced lung injury in the rat. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. Setting University research laboratories. Subjects Adult, male Long-Evans rats. Interventions Anesthetized rats underwent induction of lung injury by well-described models of aspiration triggered by intra-tracheal delivery of acid alone, gastric particles alone, or the combination. After injury, induction of MIP-2 messenger RNA in whole lungs and immunoreactive MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids was determined. The contribution of MIP-2 to BAL fluid chemotactic activity was defined by using an in vitro chemotaxis assay. The in vivo effect of blocking MIP-2 on pulmonary vascular leak, BAL fluid neutrophils, PaO2/FIO2 ratio, and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient in acid-induced lung injury was determined. Measurements and main results Induction of MIP-2 messenger RNA and protein over time was observed in response to all three stimuli. A significant portion (25% to 41%) of the chemotactic activity in BAL fluids from injured rats was inhibited by anti-MIP-2 antibody. After acid injury, blocking of MIP-2 was associated with a 53% decrease in BAL fluid neutrophils and a 33% decrease in pulmonary vascular leak. Although acid injury both impaired oxygenation and increased venous admixture, in vivo blocking of MIP-2 was associated with improved oxygenation as well as decreased venous admixture. Conclusions MIP-2 was up-regulated during the development of aspiration-induced lung injury in rats. MIP-2 contributed to lung accumulation of neutrophils via a chemotactic mechanism. Although oxygenation and venous admixture are worsened by acid-induced lung injury in vivo, blocking of MIP-2 at the onset of injury improved these physiologic alterations. Because the aspiration event often is witnessed, chemokines may be valid therapeutic targets for inhibiting the subsequent inflammatory response.
A fMRI Study of Verbal Working Memory, Cardiac Output, and Ejection Fraction in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with cognitive deficits even in the absence of stroke. We examined the relationship between cardiac performance, as measured by cardiac output (CO) and ejection fraction (EF), and brain activity during a verbal working memory (VWM) task in elderly CVD patients who tend to be at increased risk for vascular cognitive impairments. Seventeen patients were recruited from a cohort participating in an ongoing prospective study examining the effects of CVD on cognitive function in the elderly. Participants were diagnosed with CVD (age 68 ± 8) and completed a 2-back VWM task in a 1.5T fMRI paradigm. CO and EF were calculated from echocardiogram measures. Task-related activation was averaged in a priori regions of interest. The relationship between CO, EF, and 2-back-related activity was modeled using partial correlations (two-tailed p < .05) controlling for age and 2-back accuracy. All participants were globally cognitively intact as indicated by Mini-Mental Status Exam and Dementia Rating Scale scores. Mean accuracy on the 2-back was 78 ± 9% while reaction time averaged 1,027 ± 192 ms. Mean CO and EF values showed a large range (CO: 3.55 to 6.31; EF: 0.36 to 0.76) but average values were within the normal range. After controlling for age and 2-back accuracy, lower EF was related to decrease in left insula activity (r = 0.61, p = 0.03). There were trends for EF to be related to accuracy (r = 0.47, p = 0.09) and reaction time (r = −0.48, p = 0.09). CO was also related to insula activity (r = 0.60, p = 0.04) and activity in the supplementary motor area activity (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). Cardiac performance was related to decreased efficiency in task related brain areas and tended to be related to performance on a VWM task in elderly patients with CVD. Results have implications for a line of investigation indicating that cardiac and systemic vascular indices could be used as proxy measures to examine mechanisms of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the elderly.
E2 properties of the ground state band in 248Cm

Abstract The transuranium nucleus 248 Cm has been Coulomb excited using 641 MeV 136 Xe and 260 MeV 58 Ni projectiles. Only the ground band was excited with measurable cross sections. The E2 transition matrix elements involving the ground-band states up to spin 24 + have been extracted from these Coulomb excitation data using a new semiclassical Coulomb-excitation least-squares search code. The extracted E2 transition matrix elements agree with the spheroidal rigid rotor relation to within the experimental errors. In addition static electric quadrupole moments have been measured up to spin 20 + for the first time for a strongly deformed nucleus, uniquely determining the prolate shape of the ground band of 248 Cm.
Do periodontopathogens disappear after full‐mouth tooth extraction?

Aim: To monitor the intra-oral microbiological changes after full-mouth extraction using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Material and Methods: Nine patients with severe, aggressive periodontitis, for whom a full-mouth tooth extraction was the only remaining treatment option were recruited. Before and 6 months after extraction, microbial samples were obtained (tongue, saliva and subgingival plaque) and analysed by qPCR. Results: The elimination of subgingival niches, by extraction of all natural teeth, resulted in a 3-log reduction of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, and more modest reductions of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia. However, the detection frequencies of these periodontopathogens in saliva and on the tongue remained unchanged after full-mouth tooth extraction. Conclusion: In contrast to what has been believed so far, full-mouth tooth extraction does not result in eradication of all periodontopathogens but only in a significant reduction. The clinical consequences of this observation remain speculative.
Intra-articular Fluid Distension for Initial Portal Placement During Hip Arthroscopy: The “Femoral Head Drop” Technique

Iatrogenic injury is a known complication of initial portal placement during hip arthroscopy. The rate of labral puncture or damage to the articular surfaces with arthroscopic instruments is variable and may be associated with operator inexperience or complex anatomy. In addition, the amount of traction applied to achieve joint distraction may unnecessarily place patients at risk of neurapraxia. The purpose of this article is to describe the “femoral head drop” technique as a method to increase safe access to the central compartment and minimize the amount of traction needed to do so, especially in patients with challenging bony anatomy. This technique uses the application of intra-articular saline solution to cause inferior migration of the femoral head. Intra-articular fluid distension, or the femoral head drop technique, is simple, safe, and reproducible, making it appropriate for hip arthroscopists at any level of experience.
Switching tools: perceptual-motor recalibration to weight changes

In order to effectively switch between tools, an actor must re-calibrate perceptual-motor control appropriately for the new tool’s kinetic properties. This study explored changes in perceptual-motor control in response to switching to a tool of a different weight when performing a complex control task with moving objects. In Experiment 1, 30 participants were each randomly assigned to one of three groups in a baseball batting simulation: a standard group that always used the same bat weight (1.08 kg), a Lighter group that switched from the standard bat to a 0.79 kg bat, and a Heavier group that switched from the standard bat to a 1.36 kg bat. For both the Heavier and Lighter groups, temporal swing errors were significantly larger (as compared to the standard group) in the first block of trials following the bat change. Both groups re-calibrated quickly: within 5–10 trials after the bat change there were no significant difference between the groups. Analysis of swing kinematics indicated that the two change groups used different means for re-calibrating perceptual-motor control: the Lighter group altered swing velocity while the Heavier group altered swing onset time. In Experiment 2, when batters switched from a 0.79 kg bat to a 1.08 kg bat, perceptual-motor calibration depended on the recommended bat weight for each participant (Bahill and Freitas in Ann Biomed Eng 23:436–444, 1995): batters with a heavier recommended weight altered swing velocity while batters with a lower recommended weight altered onset time. The strategy used for perceptual-motor recalibration and time required to re-calibrate in a complex motor task is dependent on the action boundaries of the actor.
Examplar-based Shape from Shading

Traditional Shape-from-Shading (SFS) techniques aim to solve an under-constrained problem: estimating depth map from one single image. The results are usually brittle from real images containing detailed shapes. Inspired by recent advances in texture synthesis, we present an exemplar-based approach to improve the robustness and accuracy of SFS. In essence, we utilize an appearance database synthesized from known 3D models where each image pixel is associated with its ground-truth normal. The input image is compared against the images in the database to find the most likely normals. The prior knowledge from the database is formulated as an additional cost term under an energy minimization framework to solve the depth map. Using a generic small database consisting of 50 spheres with different radius, our approach has demonstrated its capability to obviously improve the reconstruction quality from both synthetic and real images with different shapes, in particular those with small details.
Promoting Adult Identity Development: A Feasibility Study of a University-Based Identity Intervention Program

Targeting identity as an outcome variable, the research described here reports a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of extending to adult university-based populations, the use of intervention change strategies (co-participatory and transformative) developed for community-based positive youth development interventions. Participants (N = 43) were enrolled in an elective personal growth psychology course at a public university. Identity exploration significantly increased, and identity distress significantly decreased. In addition, there was a significant decrease in foreclosed identity statuses and a significant increase in achieved identity statuses. Qualitative indices also suggest that the course was well received and course objectives were achieved.
The Role of Therapeutic Alliance in Mindfulness Interventions: Therapeutic alliance in Mindfulness Training for Smokers

Objective Mindfulness-based interventions have enjoyed a marked increase in support within biomedical and psychological research and practice in the past two decades. Despite the widespread application of these treatments for a range of psychological and medical conditions, there remains a lack of consensus regarding mechanisms through which these interventions effect change. One plausible yet underexplored mechanism is the therapeutic alliance between participants and mindfulness instructors. Methods In this report, data are presented on therapeutic alliance from the mindfulness arm (n = 37) of a randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based smoking cessation treatment. Results Results suggest that client-reported therapeutic alliance measured midtreatment did not significantly predict primary smoking outcomes. Alliance did predict improvement in posttreatment scores on several outcome variables linked to mindfulness practice, including emotion regulation (β = −.24, p = .042), mindfulness (β = .33, p = .007), negative affect (β = −.33, p = .040), as well as treatment compliance (β = .39, p = .011). Conclusion Implications of these relationships and the possible role of therapeutic alliance in mindfulness treatments are explored.
Efficient Broadcast in MANETs Using Network Coding and Directional Antennas

In this paper, we consider the issue of efficient broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using network coding and directional antennas. Network coding-based broadcasting focuses on reducing the number of transmissions each forwarding node performs in the multiple source/multiple message broadcast application, where each forwarding node combines some of the received messages for transmission. With the help of network coding, the total number of transmissions can be reduced compared to broadcasting using the same forwarding nodes without coding. We exploit the usage of directional antennas to network coding-based broadcasting to further reduce energy consumption. A node equipped with directional antennas can divide the omnidirectional transmission range into several sectors and turns some of them on for transmission. In the proposed scheme using a directional antenna, forwarding nodes selected locally only need to transmit broadcast messages, original or coded, to restricted sectors. We also study two extensions. The first extension applies network coding to both dynamic and static forwarding node selection approaches. In the second extension, we design two approaches for the single source/single message issue in the network coding-based broadcast application. Performance analysis via simulations on the proposed algorithms using a custom simulator is presented.
Repression of Chloroplast Development in Euglena gracilis by Substrates

SYNOPSIS. Under “resting” conditions, synthesis of chlorophyll and alkaline fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in etiolated Euglena gracilis placed in light was repressed by metabolizable carbon sources. The degree of repression by any carbon source apparently depends on its rate of utilization by Euglena. Thus, pre-adaptation of Euglena to a specific carbon source, e.g., glucose or ethanol, increased the repression of chloroplast synthesis in the light by that carbon source. Acetate and malate were not as repressive as ethanol. The similarity of this repression to the “glucose effect” is discussed.
Complex Chebyshev approximation for FIR filter design

The alternation theorem is at the core of efficient real Chebyshev approximation algorithms. In this paper, the alternation theorem is extended from the real-only to the complex case. The complex FIR filter design problem is reformulated so that it clearly satisfies the Haar condition of Chebyshev approximation. An efficient exchange algorithm is derived for designing complex FIR filters in the Chebyshev sense. By transforming the complex error function, the Remez exchange algorithm can be used to compute the optimal complex Chebyshev approximation. The algorithm converges to the optimal solution whenever the complex Chebyshev error alternates; in all other cases, the algorithm converges to the optimal Chebyshev approximation over a subset of the desired bands. The new algorithm is a generalization of the Parks-McClellan algorithm, so that arbitrary magnitude and phase responses can be approximated. Both causal and noncausal filters with complex or real-valued impulse responses can be designed. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. >
The cost value of medical versus surgical hormonal therapy for metastatic prostate cancer.

Purpose: The cost of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue and antiandrogen for prostate cancer is being scrutinized by the Health Care Finance Administration and other insurers. We compared the discounted present value cost of medical hormonal therapy to that of orchiectomy as well as the value created by these treatments from the insurer and patient perspectives.Materials and Methods: We performed a telephone survey of 42 patients receiving hormonal therapy to estimate the value created by medical versus surgical castration from the patient perspective. The cost of medical hormonal therapy was discounted back to the present value and compared with the cost of bilateral orchiectomy.Results: The total cost of bilateral orchiectomy was $2,022, while the discounted present value cost using the average wholesale price for 30 months of medical hormonal therapy was $13,620. Therefore, medical hormonal therapy costs $11,598 more than orchiectomy ($13,620 − $2,022). A discounted payment of $386 per mont...
Dynamik der Reizbeantwortung

Wenn ich der ehrenvollen Einladung Ihres Vorstandes folgend nach Wiesbaden gekommen bin, um den heutigen „Reiztag“ mit einem Referat uber die Entzundung einzuleiten, so tat ich das schon deshalb gerne, weil ich mich darauf freute, alte Freunde und vertraute Statten wiederzusehen. Vor allem aber lag mir daran, bei Ihnen fur eine Richtung in der Pathologie zu werben, wie sie in Deutschland besonders durch Franz Buchner vertreten wird. Die moderne Pathologie ist nicht langer eine pathologische Morphologie. Sie ist vielmehr eine pathologische Biologie. Hiermit soll naturlich nicht gesagt sein, das die Morphologie keine wissenschaftliche Bedeutung hat. Im Gegenteil, sie ist genau so wissenschaftlich wie die Physik oder Chemie. Ich meine nur, das alle diese Forschungsrichtungen im Grunde nur Methoden sind. Fur die Erforschung biologischer Vorgange kann aber, wie Buchner so treffend bemerkt hat, „nicht die Methode die Absteckung der Grenzen bestimmen, sondern allein der Gegenstand“.
Thermal imaging for autonomous vehicle in outdoor scenes

Describes methods that use thermal imaging techniques for identifying different types of materials in outdoor scenes. First, the author analyzes how computer vision techniques applied to thermal images allow discriminating materials such as rock and sand. Second, he presents the model developed to calculate the temperature of materials. By applying this model, he shows that it is possible to determine a physical characteristic of the material, the thermal inertia. Third, as an application, he examines how an autonomous robot can use these techniques to explore other planets. In particular, he shows how a legged robot can use thermal inertia and so select where to place its foot next or which material to sample. >
Will Imatinib Compromise Reproductive Capacity

Imatinib mesylate is the first in a family of highly effective, minimally toxic, targeted agents used widely to treat Philadelphia-positive leukemias and selected other cancers, leading to a steady rise in the prevalence of patients using such therapy. Because failure of therapy would require conventional gonadotoxic chemotherapeutics, many female patients using imatinib may choose to preserve fertility. Herein, we provide evidence of a potential negative effect of imatinib on ovarian function by reporting the first case of a woman who showed a severely compromised ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation while on imatinib, with a normal ovarian response after stopping this medication.
Some Aspects of Inductance When Iron Is Present

It is the purpose of this paper to examine various definitions of inductance based on the application in which the term is used. Comparisons are made between the definitions as a function of magnetomotive force and flux density for the special case of dynamo-grade (2.75 per cent) silicon steel. The effects of hysteresis and eddy currents are discussed. Consideration is confined to iron magnetic circuits in which no air gap exists, so that practical applications of conclusions drawn are limited somewhat.
Audio-Recorded Guided Imagery Treatment Reduces Functional Abdominal Pain in Children: A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to develop and to test a home-based, guided imagery treatment protocol, using audio and video recordings, that is easy for health care professionals and patients to use, is inexpensive, and is applicable to a wide range of health care settings. METHODS: Thirty-four children, 6 to 15 years of age, with a physician diagnosis of functional abdominal pain were assigned randomly to receive 2 months of standard medical care with or without home-based, guided imagery treatment. Children who received only standard medical care initially received guided imagery treatment after 2 months. Children were monitored for 6 months after completion of guided imagery treatment. RESULTS: All treatment materials were reported to be self-explanatory, enjoyable, and easy to understand and to use. The compliance rate was 98.5%. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 63.1% of children in the guided imagery treatment group were treatment responders, compared with 26.7% in the standard medical care–only group ( P = .03; number needed to treat: 3). Per-protocol analysis showed similar results (73.3% vs 28.6% responders). When the children in the standard medical care group also received guided imagery treatment, 61.5% became treatment responders. Treatment effects were maintained for 6 months (62.5% responders). CONCLUSION: Guided imagery treatment plus medical care was superior to standard medical care only for the treatment of abdominal pain, and treatment effects were sustained over a long period.
INSIGHTS INTO THE LATE QUATERNARY PALEOENVIRONMENT OF NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA

Because of the nature and process of precipitation, tufa deposits offer the potential to serve as sedimentary signatures of hydrology, climate, ecology, and biodiversity in areas otherwise lacking such historic archives. This study investigated a previously undocumented tufa site located in northwestern Arizona. Field mapping, X-ray diffraction, and thin-section analyses revealed a wedge-shaped deposit of nearly pure calcitic tufa. Leaf and bark molds were identified as closely resembling water birch (Betula occidentalis) and conifer species as well. A dense understory of tubular fossils suggestive of horsetails (Equisetum) and other wetland species were also found. Biotic content, lack of ikaite, and proximity to pluvial lake systems strongly correlate the deposit's age with numerous lacustrine deposits in the region and possibly extend the lake system to the south.
Developing Asymmetry at Mammography: Correlation with US and MR Imaging and Histopathologic Findings

The value of diagnostic US for evaluation of developing asymmetries at mammography is to exclude benign etiology and to determine optimal image guidance for biopsy; the absence of a US correlate should not be reassuring.
Explanatory Interdependence: The Case of Stem Cell Reprogramming

Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that can produce both undifferentiated and differentiated (specialized) cells. The stem cell concept is thus intimately connected to core assumptions about the process of development. Making these assumptions explicit clarifies the general explanandum-phenomenon of stem cell biology: the branching pattern of cell development, from a single initiating ‘stem,’ through intermediate stages, to one or more termini. Importantly, the whole process, not only developmental termini (specialized cells of a mature multicellular organism), is the target of explanation. Explanations of cell developmental processes are revealed by experiments. Here I focus on one important kind of experiment: direct cell reprogramming, which manipulates the development of cells in artificial culture conditions. I then examine three accounts of biological explanation in light of this case: interventionist, gene-centric, and mechanistic. Though each offers some insight into explanations based on reprogramming, none is fully satisfactory. This motivates a modified account of mechanistic explanation, emphasizing interdependence among components.
Strategische Optionen der Unternehmenspolitik

Ausgangspunkt aller Strategie ist die Erkundung der Ausgangslage, des Standortes, des Gelandes, in dem man sich befindet, und der Wettbewerbsbedingungen. Diese Phase beginnt und endet mit den Fragen: Was braucht mein Unternehmen, mein Verantwortungsbereich? Was ist notwendig, und was ist erforderlich?
Gender Anarchy and the Future of Feminisms in Public Administration

A transformation of the feminist landscape is underway, although it is as yet only tentatively defined. The authors examine the state of feminisms today while seeking likely heirs to our sisters' e...
Decentering as a Potential Common Mechanism across Two Therapies for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective To examine decentering as a potential mechanism of action across two treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: an acceptance based behavioral therapy (ABBT) and applied relaxation (AR).
Influence of growth regulators on the development of Ipomoea batatas

SummaryN-(4-chlor-3-trifluormethylphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-20231) at concentrations of 10−7 to 2 × 10−3 M failed to suppress growth of the sweet potato cultivar Centennial but significantly decreased storage root dry weight at 2 χ 10-3 M in the cultivars Nemagold and Julian without affecting top growth. In contrast, N-(3-trifluormethylphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-19237) at 10−3 to 2 × 10−3M increased storage root dry weight of Nemagold, while N-(3-methoxyphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-17273) at the same concentration was without effect. Under long photoperiod C-20231 at 2×10−3M significantly reduced internodal lengths, while under short photoperiod internodal lengths were all reduced by 10−7 to 2 × 10−3M. Petiolar lengths were similarly affected by the chemical and photo-periods. Gibberellin A3 application slightly increased NAR but decreased root RGR. Furthermore, gibberellin A3 significantly enhanced the growth of the petioles of plants grown in Cornell mix (a standard compost) but not in ...
Effects of an Estradiol Implant on Locoweed Consumption, Toxicity, and Recovery in Growing Beef Steers11This research was supported by funds from the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and Grant #ARS 58-5428-6-122 from the USDA.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of an estradiol implant (Compudose®) on locoweed consumption and toxicity in growing steers. In Exp. 1, 16 crossbred steers (185.3 ± 6.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two replicated treatments and received either an estradiol implant or no implant. Steers were assigned to one of four pastures and were rotated through all pastures, which differed in locoweed distribution, to allow equal access. Bite counts were recorded twice daily at 0600 and 1700 h during a period when steers were likely to consume locoweed. For bite counts, steers were observed for 5 min each, starting at 0600 and at 1700 h, and the number of bites taken of cool- and warm-season grasses, forbs, and locoweed were recorded. Blood was collected on d 0, 7, 28, 35, 63, and 119, and individual BW was recorded on d 0, 35, 63, and 119. Proportion of bites of locoweed consumed by implanted vs nonimplanted steers did not differ (P>0.10). Likewise, ADG, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and thyroxine concentrations did not differ (P>0.10) between implanted and nonimplanted steers. In Exp. 2, 20 crossbred steers (212.3 ± 6.1 kg) were divided into four groups and individually fed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments included: 1) estradiol implant + locoweed, 2) implant, no locoweed, 3) no implant + locoweed, and 4) no implant, no locoweed. Steers were implanted at d 0 and fed either a ground forage diet containing 80% sudangrass hay and 20% locoweed, or a diet of 100% sudangrass hay. Implanted steers had improved ADG vs nonimplanted steers (P 0.90; locoweed x implant, P>0.10). Alkaline phosphatase activity was greater (P
Is Modern Science an Ethno-Science? Rethinking Epistemological Assumptions

A central focus of recent work in the social and cultural studies of science and technology (SCSST for short) has been to show how modern sciences have been constituted by their practices and cultures, not just externally enabled by them in ways that leave no marks on their cognitive cores.1 They are local knowledge systems or, in other words, “ethno-sciences.” Most of these authors have insisted on abandoning claims to universality, objectivity and rationality for modern sciences since such claims are themselves only socially established. To put the point another way, since the perception of scientific claims as universal, objective and rational is itself locally constructed and not an internal, trans-cultural feature of any truly scientific processes, any appeal to such notions should carry no more authority than the claims can command on other grounds.
Promoting professional development: A local approach

Presentation du programme de formation continue sur place inspire de la bibliotheque de Cal Poly Kennedy et mis en œuvre par un comite de developpement professionnel a l'Universite Polytechnique d'Etat de Californie (USA)
A U.S.-Chinese Comparison of Affectionate Communication in Parent-Child Relationships

Affectionate communication is central to the maintenance of relational closeness, but it is also subject to relational, contextual, and cultural factors. This study was designed to examine the cultural effects on affectionate communication in parent-child relationships in the United States and China. Results indicated that Chinese fathers and mothers expressed less verbal, nonverbal, and supportive affection to their children than American parents. Both Chinese and American parents expressed affection to their children more through supportive behaviors than through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. In both cultures, mothers engaged in more verbal, nonverbal, and supportive affection with their children than fathers.
Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Arrest: The Role of Individual, Home, School, and Community Characteristics

Contact with the justice system can lead to a range of poor health and social outcomes. While persons of color are disproportionately represented in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems, reasons for these patters remain unclear. This study sought to examine the extent and sources of differences in arrests during adolescence and young adulthood among blacks, whites, and Hispanics in the USA. Multilevel cross-sectional logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 12,752 respondents). Results showed significantly higher likelihood of having ever been arrested among blacks, when compared to whites, even after controlling for a range of delinquent behaviors (odds ratio = 1.58, 95 % confidence interval = 1.27, 1.95). These black–white disparities were no longer present after accounting for racial composition of the neighborhood, supporting the growing body of research demonstrating the importance of contextual variables in driving disproportionate minority contact with the justice system.
Educational Philosophy and the Responsibility of Citizenship

This chapter provides an overview of Virginia Crocheron Gildersleeve’s philosophy of the nature and purpose of higher education, as well as her particular philosophy of women’s higher education. To Gildersleeve, advanced education should instill a basis for social understanding, which might lead to professional training or employment, but always to full responsibility as citizens.
"Molecular" MR imaging at high fields.

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) have contributed considerably to clinical radiology, and a variety of MR techniques have been developed to evaluate pathological processes as well as normal tissue biology at the cellular and molecular level. However, in comparison to nuclear imaging, MRI has relatively poor sensitivity for detecting true molecular changes or for detecting the presence of targeted contrast agents, though these remain under active development. In recent years very high field (7 T and above) MRI systems have been developed for human studies and these provide new opportunities and technical challenges for molecular imaging. We identify 5 types of intrinsic contrast mechanisms that do not require the use of exogenous agents but which can provide molecular and cellular information. We can derive information on tissue composition by (i) imaging different nuclei, especially sodium (ii) exploiting chemical shift differences as in MRS (iii) exploiting specific relaxation mechanisms (iv) exploiting tissue differences in the exchange rates of molecular species such as amides or hydroxyls and (v) differences in susceptibility. The increased signal strength at higher fields enables higher resolution images to be acquired, along with increased sensitivity to detecting subtle effects caused by molecular changes in tissues.
A Numerical Study on the Edgewise Compression Strength of Sandwich Structures with Facesheet-Core Disbonds

Damage tolerant design approaches require determination of critical damage modes and flaw sizes in order to establish nondestructive evaluation detection requirements. A finite element model is developed to assess the effect of circular facesheet-core disbonds on the strength of sandwich specimens subjected to edgewise compressive loads for the purpose of predicting the critical flaw size for a variety of design parameters. Postbuckling analyses are conducted in which an initial imperfection is seeded using results from a linear buckling analysis. Both the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and cohesive elements are considered for modeling disbond growth. Predictions from analyses using the VCCT and analyses using cohesive elements are in good correlation. A series of parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the effect of core thickness and material, facesheet layup, facesheet-core interface properties, and curvature on the criticality of facesheet-core disbonds of various sizes. The results from these analyses provide a basis for determining the critical flaw size for facesheet-core disbonds subjected to edgewise compression loads and, therefore, nondestructive evaluation flaw detection requirements for this configuration.
Exploring Human Antimicrobial Antibody Responses on a Single B Cell Level

Analysis of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from single B cell cloning has been highly beneficial for antimicrobial immunotherapy, vaccine design, and advancing our understanding of pathogen-triggered effects on the human immunoglobulin repertoire. Sequencing of variable domains of single B cells, and characterization of binding and functional activities of MAbs derived from those sequences, provides in-depth insight not only into sites of susceptibility for antibody-mediated neutralization or opsonization of the pathogen but also into the dynamics of protective antibody evolution during infection. This information can be utilized to rapidly develop novel immunotherapies of completely human origin and provides a roadmap for structure-based vaccine design that aims to elicit similar protective antibody responses. Here, we summarize recent aspects of the single B cell cloning approach.
Statistical Analysis of the Output Data from Terminating Simulations.

In this paper we precisely define the two types of simulations (terminating and steady-state) with regard to analysis of simulation output and discuss some common measures of performance for each type. In addition, we conclude, on the basis of discussions with many simulation practitioners, that both types of simulations are important in practice. This is contrary to the impression one gets from reading the simulation literature, where the steady-state case is almost exclusively considered. Although analyses of terminating simulations are considerably easier than are those of steady-state simulations, they have not received a careful treatment in the literature. We discuss and give empirical results for fixed sample size, relative width, and absolute width procedures that can be used for constructing confidence intervals for measures of performance in the terminating case.
Effects of the "pill-a-month" on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

To study the way in which quinestrol-quingestanol affects the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian cycle and to shed light on the cause of relatively high incidence of pregnancies daily hormonal determinations were made on a group of 55 patients treated with monthly odses of quinestrol (2 mg) and quingestanol (2.5 mg) given orally for 352 cycles. Before drug treatment plasma progesterone was measured. After therapy started levels of plasma progesterone FSH LH and estrogen were determined. FSH was at a normal but nonfluctuating level. Serum estrogens rose 21-27 days after the last pill. Significant increase in LH level was documented in the majority of cases. There was no evidence of ovulation by progesterone pattern. These findings suggest a narrow margin of safety in ovulation inhibition.
MISIMO: A multi-input single-inductor multi-output energy harvester employing event-driven MPPT control to achieve 89% peak efficiency and a 60,000x dynamic range in 28nm FDSOI

Harvesting energy from ambient sources is an attractive way to enable net-zero-power operation in small wearables, environmental monitors, and IoT devices. However, the power available from most harvesting sources is low, and is thus often mismatched to the instantaneous demands of wirelessly connected devices, which require up to 10s of mW during radio transmission, and down to mW during sleep. Previous works have suggested utilizing multiple energy harvesting sources to increase extractable power, incorporating a battery as an energy buffer, and processing energy with a single inductor to minimize device volume [1,2]. However, such prior art does not support the generation of multiple independently regulated power domains needed for modern SoCs. While single-inductor multi-output (SIMO) converters have demonstrated multi-domain regulation [3,4], they have not been combined with multi-input harvesting, in part since simultaneous regulation of multiple input sources (for MPPT purposes) and loads with a single inductor is not possible with conventional control techniques.
La intimidad transgresora en la ficción de Costamagna, Fernández, Jeftanovic, Maturana y Meruane. ¿Podemos hablar de una nueva generación literaria?

espanolEl presente trabajo, enmarcado primordialmente en el discurso de la intimidad, los estudios sobre el regimen estetico del arte de Jacques Ranciere y las revisiones de Wendy Brown de las UHAH[LRQHVGH)RXFDXOWVREUHHOQHROLEHUDOLVPRH[DPLQDOD?FFLyQFKLOHQDGHODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV escrita por Alejandra Costamagna, Nona Fernandez, Andrea Jeftanovic, Andrea Maturana y Lina Meruane. La produccion literaria de estas autoras disiente de las normas patriarcales y de las establecidas por la racionalidad neoliberal dominada por el homo œconomicus. En este trabajo se analizara la posibilidad de agrupar a las escritoras en una generacion literaria de la postdictadura, lo que podria suponer mas inconvenientes que ventajas, dado que constituiria un gesto en el que se podrian estar estableciendo particiones entre lo femenino y lo masculino, lo privado y lo publico, lo sublime del arte y lo banal de la vida cotidiana. EnglishThe present work, framed primarily in the discourse of intimacy, Jacques Ranciere’s theory RIWKH DHVWKHWLF UHJLPH RI DUW DQG:HQG\%URZQ¶V UHYLVLRQ RI)RXFDXOW¶V UHAHFWLRQV RQ 1HROLEHUDOLVPH[DPLQHVWKHK private and public; the sublime in art and the banality of everyday life.
The effects of lexical and phonological factors on talker processing

Previous research has shown that listeners are better at processing talker information in their native language compared to an unfamiliar language, a phenomenon known as the Language Familiarity Effect. Several studies have explored the cause of this effect. Some have argued that it is tied to the lexicon and the ability to comprehend, while others have suggested that it is the familiarity with the phonology. In the current study, we use an AX discrimination task to test these two factors simultaneously by manipulating lexical status (words/nonwords) and phonotactic probability (high/low). We also test individual differences in reading ability, as poor phonological awareness skills are linked to reading impairment. Twenty-four native speakers of American English completed the AX task and a battery of phonological awareness tasks. Reaction time results revealed an interaction between lexical status and phonotactic probability: words with high phonotactic probability were processed faster than words with lo...
Low-Cost Global Positioning System Tracking Collars for Use on Cattle

Abstract Commercially available global positioning system (GPS) tracking collars for cattle are cost prohibitive for most researchers. This paper presents a low-cost alternative to those collars (Knight GPS tracking collars) and compares their performance to a popular commercially available collar. A list of required materials and detailed instructions on fabrication are available in the supplementary content. Brangus cows (n = 8) were tracked with both LOTEK 3300 and Knight GPS tracking collars for 31 d beginning 14 March 2015 at the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center 37 km north of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Locations were recorded every 10 min and used to calculate mean slope, elevation, distance from water, distance traveled per d, and elevation for each cow. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.37) between collar types for location, slope, or distance from water. However, the distance traveled tended (P = 0.08) to be lower for Knight collars (6 171 m d− 1) compared with Lotek collars (7 104 m d− 1). Lotek collars recorded more (P ≤ 0.001) of the potential locations (99.9%) than the Knight collars (66.2%). Although the Knight collars failed to record all of the potential positions, they still provided a good indication of cattle locations on extensive pastures located in the Chihuahuan Desert.
Syndromes of the Lumbar Spine, Pelvis, and Sacrum

The diagnostic dilemma of the patient with disabling chronic and chronic recurrent low back pain challenges physicians in many disciplines. A structural diagnostic physical examination process can identify the dirty half dozen functional abnormalities of the lumbar spine and pelvis seen in these patients. Appropriate nonoperative treatment has been shown to resolve the disability of 75% in a study of 183 patients.
Two Types of Metal Fume Fever: Mild vs. Serious

Some physicians recognize the mild form of Metal Fume Fever (MFF); few recognize MFF's serious form. Mild MFF is self-limited and is caused by inhaling metal oxide fumes. Serious MFF may be life-threatening and is caused by inhalation of military smoke. Initial manifestations of the two forms are similar but their pathophysiologies and managements are different. Mild MFF patients recover within 48 hours and rarely require hospitalization. Serious MFF symptoms remit but may relapse 24 to 48 hours later with significant morbidity and mortality. Serious MFF patients require admission for observation. Military physicians need to differentiate these forms of MFF.
Chances, Trances, and Lots of Slots: Gambling Motives and Consumption Experiences

Why do gamblers spend their leisure time and money on gambling? The motives of gamblers are explored using data collected in a casino via ethnographic participant observation. The interpretation pr...
Design of DNA damaging agents that hijack transcription factors and block DNA repair.

Most antitumor drugs extend life but do not fully cure cancer. Testicular cancer is one exception, as evidenced by 93% cure rates in men treated with regimens that include cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)) (Feuer et al., 1993). The spectacular success of cisplatin based regimens against testicular tumors and their impressive activity in delaying the progression of ovarian and other cancers (Masters et al., 1996; Loehrer and Einhorn, 1984) have stimulated much interest in the biochemical mechanism(s) of action of the drug. From the outset it has been appreciated that human cells may respond to cisplatin in unique ways that, once understood, could lead to the synthesis of novel mechanism-based drugs. It is well established that cisplatin kills cells in processes triggered by its reaction with DNA (Bruhn et al., 1990). Of possible importance to the cytotoxic mechanism of cisplatin is the observation that various cellular proteins bind to cisplatin-DNA adducts (Chu, 1994). In part through the work of our laboratory, a family of cisplatin adduct-binding proteins, most possessing a high mobility group (HMG) domain, was identified (Bruhn et al., 1992; Toney et al., 1989; Pil and Lippard, 1992; Brown et al., 1993). Significantly, these proteins display a selective affinity for the DNA adducts of therapeutically active platinum compounds (Toney et al., 1989; Pil and Lippard, 1992), suggesting that the proteins play a role potentiating cisplatin cytotoxicity.