cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relative roles of input and output mechanisms in directed forgetting.

When Ss are presented a first set of items (Set A) followed by a second set (Set B), a postinput cue to recall only Set B results in better recall of Set B than does a cue to recall Set B then Set A; to a lesser extent, the same result holds for Set A. Such “Only” effects (Epstein, 1970) have typically been attributed to selective search processes at the time of recall. In the free-recall experiment reported here, cues to remember all, only two, or none of the items in each of eight successive four-word blocks were presented either before or after a 3-sec rehearsal period. Even though the search set at output was constant (16 to-be-recalled words), there was an Only effect for blocks followed by selective (postcue) rehearsal, whereas nonselective (precue) rehearsal produced no such effect. More striking than that result was the incredible ability of Ss, whatever the condition, to differentiate to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten items. Set differentiation during input appears much more important as a mechanism of directed forgetting than either selective search or selective rehearsal
The Width of a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection and the Source of the Driving Magnetic Explosion: A Test of the Standard Scenario for CME Production

We show that the strength (B(sub F1are)) of the magnetic field in the area covered by the flare arcade following a CME-producing ejective solar eruption can be estimated from the final angular width (Final Theta(sub CME)) of the CME in the outer corona and the final angular width (Theta(sub Flare)) of the flare arcade: B(sub Flare) approx. equals 1.4[(Final Theta(sub CME)/Theta(sub Flare)] (exp 2)G. We assume (1) the flux-rope plasmoid ejected from the flare site becomes the interior of the CME plasmoid; (2) in the outer corona (R > 2 (solar radius)) the CME is roughly a "spherical plasmoid with legs" shaped like a lightbulb; and (3) beyond some height in or below the outer corona the CME plasmoid is in lateral pressure balance with the surrounding magnetic field. The strength of the nearly radial magnetic field in the outer corona is estimated from the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field measured by Ulysses. We apply this model to three well-observed CMEs that exploded from flare regions of extremely different size and magnetic setting. One of these CMEs was an over-and-out CME, that is, in the outer corona the CME was laterally far offset from the flare-marked source of the driving magnetic explosion. In each event, the estimated source-region field strength is appropriate for the magnetic setting of the flare. This agreement (1) indicates that CMEs are propelled by the magnetic field of the CME plasmoid pushing against the surrounding magnetic field; (2) supports the magnetic-arch-blowout scenario for over-and-out CMEs; and (3) shows that a CME's final angular width in the outer corona can be estimated from the amount of magnetic flux covered by the source-region flare arcade.
Effect of ferritin on liver catalase activity.

Die Katalaseaktivitat der Leber wurde nach Einspritzen von Ferritin in normale C3H/St Mause beobachtet. Im Verlauf von sieben Tagen wurden die niedrigsten Katalaseaktivitaten am zweiten und vierten Tag nach Einspritzen des Ferritins festgestellt.
Characterization of recurrent somatic embryogenesis of alfalfa on auxin-free medium

Callus cultures from 300 genotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were initiated from leaf, petiole, and internode explants placed on Blaydes medium containing 10.74 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 11.42 μM indole-3-acetic acid, and 9.29 μM kinetin. Five genotypes produced somatic embryos. Upon transfer of these embryos to growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog medium with B5 vitamins, new somatic embryos repeatedly formed directly on older somatic embryos without an intervening callus phase in a cycle lasting about 30 days. These cultures have been maintained for two years, during which time their embryogenic capacity has remained stable. New embryogenic cultures could be started repeatedly from these genotypes. The elimination of sugars from the medium could stop recurrent embryogenesis. Glucose, maltose, and fructose stimulated recurrent embryogenesis more effectively than sucrose. Sucrose was superior to lactose, while sorbitol and mannitol did not stimulate recurrent somatic embryogenesis. The absence of nicotinic acid in the medium, as long as sucrose was present, was lethal to embryos of three of the five tested genotypes. The ability of this system to propagate embryos exponentially offers potential for development of new gene transfer systems and application to artificial seed technology.
Bias characteristics in the AVHRR sea surface temperature

[1] To provide possible means to improve future satellite SST retrieval algorithms and to provide data users with error information, spatiotemporal bias patterns in the 1982–2002 NOAA operational AVHRR SST were characterized. At the start of one (NOAA-14) satellite mission, typical global average biases were about −0.05°C, and gradually increased during the satellite mission. Normally global averages rarely exceeded 0.2°C, due to cancellation of larger biases of opposite signs in different regions. Biases were inhomogeneous and locally exceeded 0.5°C even in the 21-year time mean. Large irregular biases were due to stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions. Seasonal biases were strongly related to local weather phenomena, such as seasonal dust aerosols and cloud covers. The findings suggest that future satellite SST retrieval algorithms should be time and space dependent.
Micromachined high-Q inductors in a 0.18-/spl mu/m copper interconnect low-k dielectric CMOS process

On-chip spiral micromachined inductors fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process with 6-level copper interconnect and low-K dielectric are described. A post-CMOS maskless micromachining process compatible with the CMOS materials and design rules has been developed to create inductors suspended above the substrate with the inter-turn dielectric removed. Such inductors have higher quality factors as substrate losses are eliminated by silicon removal and increased self-resonant frequency due to reduction of inter-turn and substrate parasitic capacitances. Quality factors up to 12 were obtained for a 3.2-nH micromachined inductor at 7.5 GHz. Improvements of up to 180% in maximum quality factor, along with 40%-70% increase in self-resonant frequency were seen over conventional inductors. The effects of micromachining on inductor performance was modeled using a physics-based model with predictive capability. The model was verified by measurements at various stages of the post-CMOS processing. Micromachined inductor quality factor is limited by series resistance up to a predicted metal thickness of between 6-10 /spl mu/m.
Investigation into metamaterial structures operating at terahertz wavelength

Our investigation addresses the modeling, design and fabrication of artificial structures, commonly called metamaterials. Metamaterials enable electromagnetic properties which do not naturally exist from basic structural symmetry. This investigation focuses on the modeling, fabrication and testing of metamaterials at terahertz wavelengths. This research utilizes a foundry fabrication process called PolyMUMPs to construct the metamaterial array. The PolyMUMPS process is commonly used for MEMS devices and consists of three polysilicon and two silicon dioxide layers. An array of split ring resonators consisting of the polysilicon and silicon dioxide layers was constructed. The split ring resonators are an important aspect to the metamaterial because they allow us to take advantage of structural properties such as scaling, resonant frequency response, and magnetic flux. The metamaterial structure obtains its symmetry from the etching process used to isolate the individual patterns. The "as-built" figure of merit (FOM) is defined as the ratio of the real component to the imaginary component of the refractive index. By comparing the analytical and FEM models to identify key limitations of the FOM structures, this investigation will point out manufacturing limitations that can be adjusted to improve the FOM. By gaining a higher ratio to the FOM, this improves the overall performance of the metamaterial structure at the selected wavelength. Through the understanding obtained from the modeling data and actual manufacturing comparison, changes to key parameters which limit the FOM can lead to metamaterial array improvements and ultimately to better components suitable for terahertz applications.
Two new expanding cavity models for indentation deformations of elastic strain-hardening materials

Abstract Two expanding cavity models (ECMs) are developed for describing indentation deformations of elastic power-law hardening and elastic linear-hardening materials. The derivations are based on two elastic–plastic solutions for internally pressurized thick-walled spherical shells of strain-hardening materials. Closed-form formulas are provided for both conical and spherical indentations, which explicitly show that for a given indenter geometry indentation hardness depends on Young’s modulus, yield stress and strain-hardening index of the indented material. The two new models reduce to Johnson’s ECM for elastic-perfectly plastic materials when the strain-hardening effect is not considered. The sample numerical results obtained using the two newly developed models reveal that the indentation hardness increases with the Young’s modulus and strain-hardening level of the indented material. For conical indentations the values of the indentation hardness are found to depend on the sharpness of the indenter: the sharper the indenter, the larger the hardness. For spherical indentations it is shown that the hardness is significantly affected by the strain-hardening level when the indented material is stiff (i.e., with a large ratio of Young’s modulus to yield stress) and/or the indentation depth is large. When the indentation depth is small such that little or no plastic deformation is induced by the spherical indenter, the hardness appears to be independent of the strain-hardening level. These predicted trends for spherical indentations are in fairly good agreement with the recent finite element results of Park and Pharr.
Gradient elution in micellar liquid chromatography II. Organic modifier gradients

The application of organic modifier gradients in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is discussed. The equation derived by Snyder and co-workers describing gradient elution in hydro-organic reversed-phase LC was verified for organic solvent gradients in the presence of micelles. It is also demonstrated that the use of these gradients require little re-equilibration time due to the limited range of organic modifier concentration used in the gradient. This would result in shorter analysis time. Lastly, a practical application of the use of propanol and acetonitrile gradients in MLC is described.
Sodium-Dependent Multivitamin Transporter Gene Is Regulated at the Chromatin Level by Histone Biotinylation in Human Jurkat Lymphoblastoma Cells

The sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) is essential for mediating and regulating biotin entry into mammalian cells. In cells, holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) mediates covalent binding of biotin to histones; biotinylation of lysine-12 in histone H4 (K12BioH4) causes gene repression. Here we propose a novel role for HCS in sensing and regulating levels of biotin in eukaryotic cells. We hypothesize that nuclear translocation of HCS increases in response to biotin supplementation; HCS then biotinylates histone H4 at SMVT promoters, silencing biotin transporter genes. We show that nuclear translocation of HCS is a biotin-dependent process that might involve tyrosine kinases, histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases in human lymphoid (Jurkat) cells. The nuclear translocation of HCS correlated with biotin concentrations in cell culture media; the relative enrichment of both HCS and K12BioH4 at SMVT promoter 1 (but not promoter 2) increased by 91% in cells cultured in medium containing 10 nmol/L biotin compared with 0.25 nmol/L biotin. This increase of K12BioH4 at the SMVT promoter was inversely linked to SMVT expression. Biotin homeostasis by HCS-dependent chromatin remodeling at the SMVT promoter 1 locus was disrupted in HCS knockdown cells, as evidenced by abnormal chromatin structure (K12BioH4 abundance) and increased SMVT expression. The findings from this study are consistent with the theory that HCS senses biotin, and that biotin regulates its own cellular uptake by participating in HCS-dependent chromatin remodeling events at the SMVT promoter 1 locus in Jurkat cells.
Employment History, the Sex Typing of Occupations, Pay and Change in Gender-Role Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study of Young Married Women

Abstract In this paper we probe the extent to which three dimensions of employment, employment history, occupational segregation by gender and pay cause young married women's gender-role attitudes to change over time. The longitudinal data are drawn from the Youth Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience and cover a five-year period (1982–87) for a national sample of 2,499 married women aged 22 to 29 in 1987. The results show that (1) employed women became less traditional than other women in their views of appropriate roles for women, (2) the sex typing of occupations does not appear consequential for women's gender-role attitudes over time and (3) both pay levels and increases in pay alter gender-role attitudes.
A comparison of models for detecting discrimination: An example from medical school admissions

Detecting bias in admissions to graduate and professional schools presents important problems to the data analyst. In this paper some traditionally used methods, such as multiple regression analysis, are compared with the newer methods of logistic regres sion and structural equations models. The problems faced in modeling decision rules in this situation are (1) a dichotomous dependent variable, (2) nonlinear relationships between independent variables and the probability of being admitted, (3) omitted variables, and (4) errors in variables. Each method used involves an attempt to solve one or more of these problems, but each has its own drawbacks. Using multiple meth ods, and finding several areas of agreement in the re sults among the methods, makes the conclusions stronger than had only one method been used.
Bora event variability and the role of air‐sea feedback

1) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS 1 is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west Adriatic barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west Adriatic ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the Adriatic. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of 12% over the northern Adriatic during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation.
Time to failure for concrete exposed to severe sulfate attack

Abstract In the 1940s, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) began a long-term, nonaccelerated laboratory test program to determine the influence of a variety of concrete-mix parameters on resistance to severe sulfate exposure conditions. This paper reports the time of failure of these samples as influenced by their water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, cement composition, and percent replacement of cement with fly ash. The analysis indicates that there is a “safe zone” for concrete made with w/c ratio lower than 0.45 and cement with unhydrated tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A) content lower than 8% where failure did not occur within the 40-year exposure period. As expected, concrete samples cast with high amount of C 3 A failed after a relatively short time of sulfate exposure. Expansion tests indicated that cements containing high amounts of C 3 S may lead to premature failure of concrete, even when moderate w/c ratios are used. Samples prepared with 25% and 45% replacement of cement with fly ash showed significantly less expansion than comparable mixtures containing no pozzolans.
Patients from Abroad Becoming Patients in Everyday Practice: Torture Survivors in Primary Care

Since 1975, over 3.5 million refugees have resettled in the United States, many of whom have experienced some form of torture, and little data exists on their primary care needs. This is retrospective chart-review of sixty-one torture survivors in Denver, Colorado. The patients were predominantly from Africa, 88% experienced physical torture, 21% sexual torture. Medical conditions included: major depression (45%), PTSD (48%), anxiety (31%), insomnia (50%), hypertension (29%), dyslipidemia (6%), HIV (6%) and tuberculosis class 2-4 (32%). Physical torture increased rates of PTSD (OR 7.29; CI 1.81, 29.45) and insomnia (OR 5.08; CI 1.41, 18.34). Sexual torture increased rates of major depression (OR 5.44; CI 1.29, 22.99), PTSD (OR 8.24; CI 1.61, 42.18), and insomnia (OR 6.84; CI 1.34, 34.90). Somatic complaints were more frequent in those who had experienced sexual torture (P = 0.041). Torture survivors have complex primary care needs, requiring multidisciplinary treatment.
Comparison of gene regulatory networks via steady-state trajectories

The modeling of genetic regulatory networks is becoming increasingly widespread in the study of biological systems. In the abstract, one would prefer quantitatively comprehensive models, such as a differential-equation model, to coarse models; however, in practice, detailed models require more accurate measurements for inference and more computational power to analyze than coarse-scale models. It is crucial to address the issue of model complexity in the framework of a basic scientific paradigm: the model should be of minimal complexity to provide the necessary predictive power. Addressing this issue requires a metric by which to compare networks. This paper proposes the use of a classical measure of difference between amplitude distributions for periodic signals to compare two networks according to the differences of their trajectories in the steady state. The metric is applicable to networks with both continuous and discrete values for both time and state, and it possesses the critical property that it allows the comparison of networks of different natures. We demonstrate application of the metric by comparing a continuous-valued reference network against simplified versions obtained via quantization.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT

Little attention has been focused on the identification of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young febrile children in the emergency department, despite recent information that suggests both a high prevalence and significant associated morbidity in this population. Most UTIs that lead to scarring or diminished kidney growth occur in children younger than age 4 years, especially babies in the first year of life. Overall, prevalence rates of UTI in febrile infants in the emergency department are approximately 3% to 5%, with higher rates for white girls, uncircumcised boys, and those without another potential source for fever. Prevalence and risk factors are given so that clinicians may identify those febrile children at particularly high or low risk of UTI for selective management. Culturing methods, urine screening tests, and culture interpretation are reviewed and management strategies based on these results are suggested.
A Regional Stratigraphic Isochron (ca. 800014C yr B.P.) from Final Deglaciation of Hudson Strait

Sedimentologic, rock-magnetic, and X-ray fluorescence data from two marine sediment cores in Hudson Strait suggest that a red, hematite-rich clay layer was deposited throughout the strait during the final collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the vicinity of northern Hudson Bay and western Hudson Strait. This layer, which can be recognized by its reddish-pink color (10YR6/2 to 5YR4/2) and relatively high-hematite proportions (low magnetic susceptibility and magnetite-to-hematite ratio), is dated from 8000 to 790014C yr B.P. at both ends of the strait. The Dubawnt Group, a Proterozoic bedrock unit in northern Hudson Bay, is the most likely source of this stratigraphic isochron. In eastern Hudson strait, the recognition of this red unit and other distal glaciomarine sediments from 8400 to 790014C yr B.P. indicates that little sediment from the nearby Labrador Dome reached eastern Hudson Strait during this 500-yr interval. This time interval immediately postdates the Noble Inlet advance, a northward flow of Labrador ice across eastern Hudson Strait onto southern Baffin Island from ca. 8900 to 840014C yr B.P. One explanation for the lack of Labrador sediments is that the northern margin of the Labrador dome was cold-based for up to 500 yr following the Noble Inlet advance.
Controlling aggregation of copper(II)-based coordination compounds: From mononuclear to dinuclear, tetranuclear, and polymeric copper complexes.

The use of a strategy combining ligand design and changes of reaction conditions has been investigated with the goal of directing the assembly of mononuclear, dinuclear, tetranuclear, and polymeric copper(II) complexes. As a result, closely related copper monomers, alkoxo dimers, and hydroxo cubanes, along with a carbonate-bridged polymeric species, have been synthesized using the rigid, aliphatic amino ligands cis-3,5-diamino-trans-hydroxycyclohexane (DAHC), cis-3,5-diamino-trans-methoxycyclohexane (DAMC), and the glutaryl-linked derivative glutaric acid bis-(cis-3,5-diaminocyclohexyl) ester (GADACE). The composition of the monomeric complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography as [Cu(DAHC)2](ClO4)2 (1), the two dimers as [{Cu(DAHC)(OMe)}2](ClO4)2·MeOH (2) and [{Cu(DAMC)(OMe)(ClO4)}2] (3), the three Cu4O4 cubanes as [{Cu(DAHC)(OH)}4](ClO4)4·2.5MeOH (4), [{Cu(DAMC)(OH)}4](ClO4)4·H2O (5), and [{Cu2(OH)2(GADACE)}2]Cl4·2MeOH·6H2O (6), and an infinite-chain structure as [{Cu(DAHC)(CO3)}n] (7). Further...
Partial cricotracheal resection with primary anastomosis for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis

Severe laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) in the pediatric age group has been traditionally treated by laryngotracheoplasty procedures. This approach may be complex and multistaged. High success rates have been reported in adults with severe LTS who underwent partial resection of the cricoid and primary thyrotracheal anastomosis. However, this procedure has not been widely reported in infants and children. Since November 1993, 38 patients with grade III or IV subglottic stenosis were treated with partial cricotracheal resection (CTR) and primary anastomosis. In some patients a posterior cricoid split or partial arytenoidectomy was performed as well. The preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and postoperative care are described. There were no significant operative complications or deaths. Thirty-three patients were decannulated after a single open surgical procedure. Our results as well as those of previous series suggest that CTR with primary anastomosis is a relatively safe and effective procedure in infants and children with severe LTS.
Ca2+ current facilitation is CaMKII-dependent and has arrhythmogenic consequences

The cardiac voltage gated Ca2+ current (ICa) is critical to the electrophysiological properties, excitation-contraction coupling, mitochondrial energetics and transcriptional regulation in heart. Thus, it is not surprising that cardiac ICa is regulated by numerous pathways. This review will focus on changes in ICa that occur during the cardiac action potential (AP), with particular attention to Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI), Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and how calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+-CaM dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) participate in the regulation of Ca2+ current during the cardiac AP. CDI depends on CaM pre-bound to the C-terminal of the L-type Ca2+ channel, such that Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to that CaM and cause CDI. In cardiac myocytes CDI normally predominates over voltage-dependent inactivation. The decrease in ICa via CDI provides direct negative feedback on the overall Ca2+ influx during a single beat, when myocyte Ca2+ loading is high. CDF builds up over several beats, depends on CaMKII-dependent Ca2+ channel phosphorylation and results in a staircase of increasing ICa peak, with progressively slower inactivation. CDF and CDI co-exist and in combination may fine-tune the ICa waveform during the cardiac AP. CDF may partially compensate for the tendency for Ca2+ channel availability to decrease at higher heart rates because of accumulating inactivation. CDF may also allow some reactivation of ICa during long duration cardiac APs, and contribute to early afterdepolarizations, a form of triggered arrhythmias.
Temporal and Ontogenetic Variability in Trophic Role of Four Groundfish Species—Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Arrowtooth Flounder, and Pacific Halibut—around Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska

Abstract Changes in trophic position estimates of commercial fishery catches are used as an ecosystem-based indicator for sustainability, but often these estimates do not incorporate species-specific seasonal feeding dynamics and ontogenetic diet changes. Using stable isotope analysis, we obtained a fine-scale resolution of ontogenetic and temporal (interannual and seasonal) variations in the trophic roles of four commercially and ecologically important groundfish species in the Gulf of Alaska: walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias, and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. For each groundfish taxon, the nitrogen stable isotope signature (δ15N) increased with total length. In contrast, the lipid-normalized carbon stable isotope signature (δ13C′) significantly varied with size-class only for walleye pollock. There were species-specific differences in trophic position; adult Pacific cod fed at the highest trophic position, and wall...
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression in human hypothalamus.

We have previously characterized the expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) gene, mRNA and protein in rat brain with reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR amplification, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. We now report that the CFTR mRNA is expressed in the human anterior hypothalamus, an area involved in regulation of appetite, resting energy expenditure and sexual differentiation. Expression of CFTR in neurons localized to this region may elucidate the pathogenesis of other non-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis which commonly are observed in children with CF, including congenital absence of the vas deferens. Neuron-specific expression of CFTR in brain may be involved in the regulation of homeostatic functions including reproductive function and fertility through effects on neurosecretion, i.e. GnRH release. Dysregulation of normal neuropeptide vesicle trafficking by mutant CFTR in brain my lead to alteration in physiological function.
Survival Analysis of Recidivism of Male and Female Boot Camp Graduates Using Life-Course Theory

Abstract This was a five-year follow-up study of 572 male and 120 female graduates of a boot camp in the South. The purpose was to examine what elements of life-course theory predict recidivism (felony conviction or parole violation), gender differences in predictors, and some issues regarding the effects of boot camp. Special emphasis was on perceptions of the boot camp experience by inmates, and on how sexual and physical abuses during different stages of the life span predict recidivism. Cox's Proportional-Hazards Model indicated that certain favorable perceptions of the boot camp program were associated with decreased hazard rates of recidivism, even after considering factors considered to be ameliorating experiences in life-course theory. Childhood sexual abuse, sexual and physical maltreatments in adolescence, and current sexual assaults are related to increases in the hazard rates of recidivism. In support of life-course theory, ameliorating experiences, such as having a conventional partner and fu...
A case of enteroviral meningoencephalitis presenting as rapidly progressive dementia

This Case Study describes a 70-year-old immunocompetent male with rapidly-progressing dementia. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was suspected, but a diagnosis of enterovirus encephalitis was confirmed by brain biopsy. The authors discuss the diagnostic challenges presented by this case, and briefly review enteroviral infections of the brain. Background A 70-year-old immunocompetent male presented to a memory disorders clinic with a 7-month illness that had begun with somatic complaints including transient right temporal head pain, left buttock pain, and right conjunctival injection. About 3 months after the first signs of illness, the patient had begun to develop insidious cognitive and behavioral decline, which progressed most rapidly in the 2 months before presentation. An assessment completed during hospitalization for intermittent fevers and confusion had not revealed an infectious etiology, although mild pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid had been noted. Upon presentation to the memory disorders clinic, the patient was disoriented, distractible, laughed at inappropriate moments, and followed only one-step commands. He had hypophonic speech and had mildly increased axial tone. He scored 5 out of 30 on the Mini Mental State Examination and was admitted for expedited evaluation. Investigations Physical examination, brain MRI, electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture, autoimmune and paraneoplastic testing, cerebral angiogram, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, enterovirus group-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, and RNA sequencing in brain biopsy samples. Diagnosis Enteroviral meningoencephalitis. Management Intravenous steroids with oral taper and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Group design with endogenous associations

Abstract The belief that people are affected by the groups in which they are active has long led policy makers to manipulate the groups to which people are exposed. This paper studies the optimal design of groups to maximize racial and ethnic integration. We show that the group composition that maximizes integration of associations depends critically on the strength of homophily in an intuitive way. We use data on associations among high school students to measure actual integration. We find that non-Hispanics and Hispanics integrate even in groups that are heavily mixed, but that non-blacks do not integrate with blacks until most of a group is black. Consequently, schools with even mixes of Hispanics and non-Hispanics maximize ethnic integration, whereas integration of non-blacks and blacks is maximized with relatively uneven distributions of blacks and non-blacks (i.e. in groups that appear not to be very integrated at all).
On the Social Setting of the Revelation to John

Revisionists have argued that no empire-wide persecution of Christians occurred in the late first century and that Domitian was neither a persecutor of Christians nor an evil, incompetent ruler. This essay agrees with those points but also argues that a closer examination of extant Roman and Christian late first/early second century writers demonstrates that Christians were held in low esteem and suffered in Roman society because of their religious convictions. This study argues that Revelation was a Christian response to religio-political pressures by indigenous Asian pagans upon Christians to conform to traditional social practices in Roman Asia.
Posterior repair and sexual function

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of posterior repair (PR) on sexual function in patients who have undergone incontinence and/or pelvic reconstructive surgery. Study Design A cohort study of women who underwent incontinence and/or prolapse surgery was performed. Participants completed the pelvic organ prolapse urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ) before and after the operation. PISQ scores were compared between women who underwent PR and women who did not. Results Of 73 study participants, 30 women underwent PR; 43 women did not (no PR). Although there was no difference in dyspareunia between groups pre-op, dyspareunia prevalence post-op was significantly lower in the no PR group. Preoperative PISQ scores were similar between groups. After the operation, both groups significantly improved their PISQ scores, without a difference between groups. Conclusion Although the incidence of dyspareunia differed between PR and no PR groups, overall improvement in sexual function was reflected in improved total PISQ scores that occurred irrespective of PR performance.
Exposure in vivo of obsessive-compulsives under distracting and attention-focusing conditions: replication and extension.

Abstract Exposure to feared situations has been found to result in decrement in subjective anxiety and heart rate (HR) for anxiety-disordered patients. In a preliminary study using a crossover design, obsessive-compulsives experienced less return of fear during in vivo exposure when attention was focused on their feared obsessional stimuli than when it was distracted from them. Thus, attention seemed to facilitate between-session but not within-session habituation. The present study was conducted to replicate and extend the previous investigation using a between-groups design. Seventeen obsessive-compulsives with washing rituals were exposed to their most feared contaminant for two consecutive 90-min sessions under either distracting (playing a video game) or attention-focusing (observing and discussing the contaminant) conditions. Consistent with our earlier findings, HR response reduced substantially during attention-focusing but remained elevated during distraction. However, on subjective anxiety greater reduction was observed in the distraction condition, particularly during the first exposure session. Results are discussed in light of findings by other investigators regarding procedural manipulations during exposure.
Variability in the clinical skills of residents entering training programs in surgery

Background. Residents may have significant differences in clinical skills at the start of their surgical training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability in these skills by using an objective structured clinical examination. Methods. A needs assessment was performed, and an objective structured clinical examination composed of 10, two-part stations was developed. Standardized patients (SPs) were trained, validated, and used as both simulated patients and evaluators to assess history taking, physical examination, and interpersonal skills of 10 first year surgical residents. Structured patient notes (PNs) written by residents after the SP encounters were used to assess history and physical examination documentation skills. Data from one station were not used because more than 25% of the SP ratings were missing. Results. The α-reliability was 0.78 for SP ratings, 0. 91 for PN scores, and 0. 91 for the combined scores. ANOVA revealed significant variation in individual residents' clinical skills as assessed by SPs (F= 4.56, p < 0.01), PNs (F= 11.09, p < 0.001), or both (F= 10.9, p < 0.001). Paired t tests showed that residents scored significantly higher on history taking than on physical examination and attained significantly lower scores on documentation as compared with performance of both history and physical examination (p < 0.001 for each comparison). Conclusions. The results showed significant variability in clinical skills of the group of residents and yielded detailed information on the performance of each resident. The data were shared with individual residents and are being used to make changes in the educational activities of the program. (SURGERY 1995 ;118 :300-9.)
The Effect Of Church And Service On Ethics Education: An Experiment With Accounting Students

Recent highly-publicized scandals involving accounting ethical failures have renewed recommendations to include ethics education in the accounting curriculum. Hundreds of studies confirm that the ability of students to recognize ethical dilemmas and make moral judgments improves during the college years. However, pre-existing conditions that may influence the improvement are unclear. Using a pretest-posttest control group design and a survey instrument of 25 ethics vignettes, we measured the effect of ethics education on the moral judgment of 81 accounting students over one semester. Results showed that the effectiveness of short-term accounting ethics education is influenced by prior participation in church and service activities. Students with participation showed significant improvement in moral judgment; students without participation did not improve. These results suggest that accounting students with prior church and service activities are more likely to be influenced by ethics education.
35-GHz 25-kW CW low-voltage third-harmonic gyrotron

A 50-kV third-harmonic gyrotron is shown to be capable of high efficiency. Operation at the third harmonic allows the required magnetic field for 35 GHz generation to be supplied by a 4.5-kG permanent magnet. Two gyrotrons employing sliced circuits for mode control have been evaluated with a large-signal nonself-consistent particle-tracing simulation code and found to be capable of producing 25 kW continuously. The preliminary design of a third-harmonic TE/sub 41/ gyrotron utilizing a magnetron injection electron gun is predicted to yield a device efficiency of 17%, which can potentially be increased to 46% with an ideal single-stage depressed collector, while an axis-encircling electron beam from a Cusp electron gun is predicted to drive a third-harmonic TE/sub 31/ gyrotron with a device efficiency of 23%, which can theoretically be increased to 45% through the use of an ideal depressed collector.
Direct calculation of ice homogeneous nucleation rate for a molecular model of water

Ice formation is ubiquitous in nature, with important consequences in a variety of environments, including biological cells, soil, aircraft, transportation infrastructure, and atmospheric clouds. However, its intrinsic kinetics and microscopic mechanism are difficult to discern with current experiments. Molecular simulations of ice nucleation are also challenging, and direct rate calculations have only been performed for coarse-grained models of water. For molecular models, only indirect estimates have been obtained, e.g., by assuming the validity of classical nucleation theory. We use a path sampling approach to perform, to our knowledge, the first direct rate calculation of homogeneous nucleation of ice in a molecular model of water. We use TIP4P/Ice, the most accurate among existing molecular models for studying ice polymorphs. By using a novel topological approach to distinguish different polymorphs, we are able to identify a freezing mechanism that involves a competition between cubic and hexagonal ice in the early stages of nucleation. In this competition, the cubic polymorph takes over because the addition of new topological structural motifs consistent with cubic ice leads to the formation of more compact crystallites. This is not true for topological hexagonal motifs, which give rise to elongated crystallites that are not able to grow. This leads to transition states that are rich in cubic ice, and not the thermodynamically stable hexagonal polymorph. This mechanism provides a molecular explanation for the earlier experimental and computational observations of the preference for cubic ice in the literature.
On Energy for Progressive and Consensus Estimation in Multihop Sensor Networks

This paper addresses a transmission energy problem for distributed (or decentralized) estimation in multihop wireless sensor networks (WSN). A primary advantage of distributed estimation is its energy efficiency when compared to centralized estimation. Two distributed estimation schemes are considered in this paper: progressive estimation and consensus estimation. We develop a generalized energy planning algorithm for a progressive estimation method which exploits routing tree and channel state information. We also analyze the energy cost for a consensus estimation method used in broadcast multihop WSN. We demonstrate by analysis and simulation that, subject to an equivalent performance, the total energy cost for consensus estimation is typically much higher than that for progressive estimation, but the peak energy for the former can be less than that for the latter.
Adaptation To The Demands Of The Post‐Industrial Society

Editors Note: This is a copy of the address by Arnold Friedmann presented at the International Federation of Interior Architects/Interior Designers (IFI), in Madrid, Spain 1982. In the Spring Issue of JIDER, Vol. 9, #1, Liesbeth Hardenberg's address was reprinted from the same conference.
Capillary wave dynamics on supported viscoelastic films: single and double layers.

We study the capillary wave dynamics of a single viscoelastic supported film and of a double layer of immiscible viscoelastic supported films. Using both simple scaling arguments and a continuum hydrodynamic theory, we investigate the effects of viscoelasticity and interfacial slip on the relaxation dynamics of these capillary waves. Our results account for the recent observation of a wavelength-independent decay rate for capillary waves in a supported polystyrene/brominated polystyrene double layer [X. Hu et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 010602(R) (2006)].
Alternate representation of distance matrices for characterization of protein structure

The most suitable method for the automated classification of protein structures remains an open problem in computational biology. In order to classify a protein structure with any accuracy, an effective representation must be chosen. Here we present two methods of representing protein structure. One involves representing the distances between the C/sub a/ atoms of a protein as a two-dimensional matrix and creating a model of the resulting surface with Zernike polynomials. The second uses a wavelet-based approach. We convert the distances between a protein's C/sub a/ atoms into a one-dimensional signal which is then decomposed using a discrete wavelet transformation. Using the Zernike coefficients and the approximation coefficients of the wavelet decomposition as feature vectors, we test the effectiveness of our representation with two different classifiers on a dataset of more than 600 proteins taken from the 27 most-populated SCOP folds. We find that the wavelet decomposition greatly outperforms the Zernike model. With the wavelet representation, we achieve an accuracy of approximately 56%, roughly 12% higher than results reported on a similar, but less-challenging dataset. In addition, we can couple our structure-based feature vectors with several sequence-based properties to increase accuracy another 5-7%. Finally, we use a multi-stage classification strategy on the combined features to increase performance to 78%, an improvement in accuracy of more than 15-20% and 34% over the highest reported sequence-based and structure-based classification results, respectively.
An historical perspective of yield surface investigations for metals

Abstract This survey reviews work dealing either directly or indirectly with initial and subsequent yield surfaces. Emphasis is placed primarily on experimental investigations. Features of the work surveyed which are discussed include motivation, discrepancies, attempts to overcome discrepancies, and the nature of further work needed.
Healthcare provider perspectives on barriers to HIV-care access and utilisation among Latinos living with HIV in the US-Mexico border

Latinos living with HIV residing in the US-Mexico border region frequently seek care on both sides of the border. Given this fact, a border health perspective to understanding barriers to care is imperative to improve patient health outcomes. This qualitative study describes and compares experiences and perceptions of Mexican and US HIV care providers regarding barriers to HIV care access for Latino patients living in the US-Mexico border region. In 2010, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with HIV care providers in Tijuana (n = 10) and San Diego (n = 9). We identified important similarities and differences between Mexican and US healthcare provider perspectives on HIV care access and barriers to service utilisation. Similarities included the fact that HIV-positive Latino patients struggle with access to ART medication, mental health illness, substance abuse and HIV-related stigma. Differences included Mexican provider perceptions of medication shortages and US providers feeling that insurance gaps influenced medication access. Differences and similarities have important implications for cross-border efforts to coordinate health services for patients who seek care in both countries.
Impact of the Public Library District Model on Local Funding of Public Libraries in New York State

For more than a decade the Regents of the State of New York have recommended that public and association libraries in the state become public library districts with independent taxing authority. The Regents contend that such districts are preferable for several reasons, in particular for more reliable and higher per capita funding for library services. This study, using data provided by the New York State Education Department, examined the funding of all public libraries in New York during a ten-year period. The study found that while public library districts did demonstrate more reliable funding over time, they did not see improved per capita funding as compared to other library types found in the state.
Ancient cities and power: the archaeology of urbanism in the Iron Age capitals of northern Mesopotamia

This paper explores the expression of power in the built environment of ancient cities, using two case studies from the middle Iron Age (early first millennium BCE) ancient Near East: the capital cities of the Syro-Anatolian city-states in southern Turkey and northern Syria, and those of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in northern Iraq. A functional approach to urbanism, which defines cities based on their influence in the surrounding region, leads to the conclusion that although the expression of power in these two cultures' major cities is superficially similar (though different in scale), incorporating the surrounding landscape into the discussion reveals how empires are more comprehensive than city-states in creating entire landscapes that communicate power in their built environment.