cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotopic abundance determination by inductively coupled plasma high- resolution laser excited atomic and ionic fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma-laser excited atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (ICP-LEAFS) has been successfully applied to isotopic analysis for the first time. The criteria for selecting useful excitation/fluorescence line pairs are presented and applied to the determination of uranium isotope concentration. Calculations of the ICP-LEAFS line profiles for U II 286.57 and 288.96 nm excitation are presented and suggest that the first transition should be useful for isotopic analysis using the ICP source, with a multi-mode dye laser, whereas the second should not. These results were confirmed by experiment. The detection limit for U via ICP-LEAFS using the 286.57/288.96 nm excitation/fluorescence line pair was estimated to be ~2 μg ml . The non-resonance fluorescence determination of U dissolved in a very complex matrix was shown to be independent of spectral line interferences from the matrix elements.
An SR approach to multiway rendezvous

This paper presents a new approach to programming multiway rendezvous problems in the SR language. The approach uses SR's concurrent invocation statement and rendezvous mechanism to coordinate the interacting processes. This approach is compared with one that suggested an extension to SR's rendezvous mechanism. The two approaches result in differing program structure. The new approach is shown to lead to simpler and cleaner interfaces between the main process and the worker processes, and uses only existing language mechanisms. The results are of importance to both programmers and designers of concurrent program languages.
Dynein struts its stuff

The mechanisms of dynein activity have remained a mystery because of dynein's size and complexity, but two papers now shed light on how dynein functions at the molecular level.
Neuron-specific enolase reflects metabolic activity in mesencephalic neurons of the rat.

Abstract Numerous studies on the local rate of energy metabolism of various brain regions during development and following experimental manipulation have been conducted using 2-deoxyglucose uptake and cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry, both considered to be reliable indicators of long-term and short-term alterations in neuronal activity, respectively. Another method which has been related to neuronal activity is neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunohistochemistry. An isoenzyme of enolase, a key element in the glycolytic pathway, NSE is present in neurons and neural-related cells e.g. neuroendocrine cells, pituicytes, and many tumor cells, but not in glia. The distribution on adjacent tissue sections of immunoreactive NSE and histochemically determined CO were mapped in the rat mesencephalon and adrenal medulla. Both methods showed highly restricted localization of staining which coincided with few exceptions in the most reactive areas, namely the superior colliculus, medial and lateral geniculate nuclei, red nucleus, lateral mammillary nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars lateralis and pars reticulata. Immunoreactivity of varying intensity for NSE was also observed in perikarya and in processes of numerius scattered neurons throughout the mesencephalon, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reticular formation. The general correspondence in staining patterns between CO and NSE in the midbrain, supports the utility of NSE as a useful index of metabolic activity in neurons.
English teachers' racial literacy knowledge and practice

This article examines how secondary English teachers in two racially diverse schools – one in Massachusetts, USA, the other in Ontario, Canada – described their knowledge of and practices for teaching about race and racism. The extent and quality of teachers’ racial literacy knowledge and practice were considered in light of the literature on racial literacy, racial literacy instruction, and anti‐racist education. Three approaches to racial literacy instruction were identified: apprehensive and authorized; incidental and ill‐informed; and sustained and strategic. The paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of teachers’ knowledge and skills in order to suggest content and structures for professional development in support of racial literacy instruction.
Relativistic Force Field: Parametric Computations of Proton–Proton Coupling Constants in 1H NMR Spectra

Spin-spin coupling constants in (1)H NMR carry a wealth of structural information and offer a powerful tool for deciphering molecular structures. However, accurate ab initio or DFT calculations of spin-spin coupling constants have been very challenging and expensive. Scaling of (easy) Fermi contacts, fc, especially in the context of recent findings by Bally and Rablen (Bally, T.; Rablen, P. R. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4818), offers a framework for achieving practical evaluation of spin-spin coupling constants. We report a faster and more precise parametrization approach utilizing a new basis set for hydrogen atoms optimized in conjunction with (i) inexpensive B3LYP/6-31G(d) molecular geometries, (ii) inexpensive 4-31G basis set for carbon atoms in fc calculations, and (iii) individual parametrization for different atom types/hybridizations, not unlike a force field in molecular mechanics, but designed for the fc's. With the training set of 608 experimental constants we achieved rmsd <0.19 Hz. The methodology performs very well as we illustrate with a set of complex organic natural products, including strychnine (rmsd 0.19 Hz), morphine (rmsd 0.24 Hz), etc. This precision is achieved with much shorter computational times: accurate spin-spin coupling constants for the two conformers of strychnine were computed in parallel on two 16-core nodes of a Linux cluster within 10 min.
Incorporation of tyrosine carboxyl groups and utilization of D-tyrosine in melanogenesis.

Abstract The tyrosine carboxyl incorporation and d -tyrosine utilization in vertebrate melanogenesis were determined experimentally and calculated mathematically. A given skin enzyme preparation was incubated simultaneously with differently labeled tyrosines as substrates. The indirect determination of tyrosine carboxyl incorporation was best demonstrated and calculated with the use of l -tyrosine-1- 14 C and uniformly labeled l -tyrosine- 14 C without the complication of d -tyrosine utilization. Similar results were obtained by utilizing dl -tyrosine-2- 14 C and l -tyrosine-1- 14 C if d -tyrosine utilization was not involved. The d -tyrosine utilization was indirectly estimated by utilizing l -tyrosine-1- 14 C, uniformly labeled l -tyrosine- 14 C, and dl -tyrosine-2- 14 C.
Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic correlates of bone marrow involvement in 291 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma.

Bone marrow involvement is reported in approximately 25% of patients with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related lymphoma (ARL). Studied were 291 patients with ARL, diagnosed and treated at one medical center between 1984 and 1998. Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic characteristics of patients with bone marrow involvement were compared with those of patients without marrow involvement. Bone marrow involvement was present in 55 patients (19%). Small noncleaved lymphoma was diagnosed in 38% of the entire group and was the most common pathologic subtype in patients with bone marrow involvement (55% versus 34%; P = .008). Analysis of complete blood counts revealed a median hemoglobin level of 10.6 g/dL in both marrow-positive and marrow-negative groups. In contrast, a platelet count lower than 100 000/μL was more common in patients with bone marrow involvement (27% versus 11%; P = .02). Patients with marrow involvement were more likely to have leptomeningeal (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) lymphoma than patients whose marrows were uninvolved (24% versus 7%; P P = .002), bone involvement ( P P = .05). Median survival did not differ between marrow-positive and marrow-negative groups. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with decreased survival of marrow-positive patients included greater than 50% involvement ( P = .002), systemic B symptoms ( P = .008), and high-grade histologic type ( P = .035). Marrow involvement in ARL correlates with small noncleaved pathology, thrombocytopenia lower than 100 000 mm 3 , high LDH, and lymphomatous involvement of the CSF. Survival is statistically shorter in patients with greater than 50% marrow involvement, high-grade pathology, and/or systemic B symptoms.
The Feasibility of Sex Segregation in Day-Old Chicks

Abstract A METHOD of segregating males and females among day-old chicks by examining the rudimentary copulatory organ has been developed by certain Japanese investigators and poultrymen and has been described by Masui and Hashimoto (1933). Other investigators, Dove (1928), Molyneux (1931), Taylor (1933), Romanoff (1933), and Schroeder (1933), have reported attempts to apply the method but some of them have expressed doubts as to the success of the method applied commercially. At present, there is a widespread belief that the method is difficult to learn, requires personal instruction by Japanese experts and can be learned only by the young and agile. In order to secure first-hand information concerning the practical aspects of segregating the sexes among day-old chicks, four technical investigators at the U. S. Animal Husbandry Experiment Farm, Beltsville, Maryland, undertook the examination of several thousand chicks ranging from approximately twelve to approximately thirty-six hours old. The four investigators testing . . .
Ferroelectric PMN photonic sensors: Adiabatic response

Abstract Optical bistability in ferroelectric ceramic lead magnesium niobate at room temperature was discovered recently (Chen et al., Applied Physics Letters, 60, 332, 1992) and characterized in detail as a function of laser power, sample temperature, pressure and flow rate of the ambient air (Scott and Chen, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 1, March 1992). In all these experiments the laser light was incident on the PMN sample with a very fast rise time; thus the switched thermal response of the system was isothermal, with relatively rapid relaxation to steady-state temperatures that are functions of input power. By comparison, in the present study the laser light intensity is ramped up slowly and linearly (slowly compared to the thermal relaxation time of the system, which is typically 200 ms). Under these circumstances the thermal focussing responds adiabatically, and different spatial and temporal patterns are observed. Notable is the hysteretic behavior associated with each switching event; the onset of s...
Organization of retinal axons within the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and the innervation of multiple central nervous system targets Rana pipiens.

Light microscopic analysis of the optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tracts of Rana pipiens after the anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase has shown that retinal ganglion-cell axons reach the optic nerve head in chronotopically organized fascicles that form bands across the intraocular optic nerve. These bands of fascicles are divided along the midline in a “zone of reorganization” to create two full maps of the retinal surface; however, this map is discontinuous in that nasal and temporal quadrants are adjacent to one another. In the intracranial portion of the optic nerve, axons undergo another reorganization such that peripheral retinal axons shift position and become localized laterally and ventrally, whereas centrally placed axons become localized dorsally. Within this reorganization, the nerve is reconfigured into laminae of axons, and each lamina consists of age-related axons organized into two retinal maps. In the ipsilateral chiasm, axons diverge to form three central, optic tracts: the medial optic tract, the projection to the corpus geniculatum, and the basal optic root. Ipsilateral axons leave the chiasm at the same level of the chiasm as do their contralateral counterparts. The remaining axons converge in the lateral diencephalon to form a fourth fascicle, the marginal optic tract. Thus, within the optic chiasm, a sequence of positional transformations occur that result in the formation of multiple optic pathways. The various changes in axonal trajectory always coincide with changes in the orientation of cell groups that lie within the nerve and optic chiasm. J. Comp. Neurol. 402:222–237, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Big Data Analytics: Optimization and Randomization

As the scale and dimensionality of data continue to grow in many applications of data analytics (e.g., bioinformatics, finance, computer vision, medical informatics), it becomes critical to develop efficient and effective algorithms to solve numerous machine learning and data mining problems. This tutorial will focus on simple yet practically effective techniques and algorithms for big data analytics. In the first part, we plan to present the state-of-the-art large-scale optimization algorithms, including various stochastic gradient descent methods, stochastic coordinate descent methods and distributed optimization algorithms, for solving various machine learning problems. In the second part, we will focus on randomized approximation algorithms for learning from large-scale data. We will discuss i) randomized algorithms for low-rank matrix approximation; ii) approximation techniques for solving kernel learning problems; iii) randomized reduction methods for addressing the high-dimensional challenge. Along with the description of algorithms, we will also present some empirical results to facilitate understanding of different algorithms and comparison between them.
Comparison of birth-weight between diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women based on gestational weeks

Objective: The risk of macrosomia in diabetic complicated pregnancy is increased perinatal morbidity. But it is difficult to predict adverse outcomes after birth with conventional diagnostic tools of diabetes in pregnant women. We evaluated the birth-weight between diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women based on gestational weeks to determine adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods: We selected 166 diabetic complicated pregnant women delivered between January 2005 and December 2008 and 248 non-diabetic pregnant women at same period. We compared the birth-weight between two groups in relation to the gestational age below and over 37 weeks. Fetal anomalies, fetal death, and multifetal pregnancy were excluded in this study. And we also evaluated the incidence of baby who had birth-weight 3.8 kg or more and their neonatal outcomes between two groups. Results: There were 4.9% (166/3404) of diabetic complicated pregnancies. The preterm births (birth before 37 weeks of gestation) were occurred 32.5% (54/166) and term births (birth after 37 weeks of gestation) were 67.5% (112/166). The mean birth-weight in preterm birth showed 2,492 g of gestational diabetes, 3,315 g of pregestational diabetes and 2,118 g of control group (P=0.001). The mean birth-weight and gestational age at delivery in term birth showed pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes were heavier and shorter than those of control group (P=0.002). The incidence of 3.8 kg or more of birth-weighted baby appeared 43.5% (10/23) of pregestional diabetes, 16.8% (24/143) of gestational diabetes and 8.5% (21/248) of control group (P=0.000). The Apgar score less than 7 at minutes of neonate were more frequent in pregestational and gestational diabetes than that of control group (P=0.013). Conclusion: It is important to classify the type of diabetes during pregnancy and there should be needed to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes including macrosomia.
6-Hydroxydopamine: effect on mouse brain monoamines and 14C-noradrenaline uptake.

Abstract Intraventricular (i.vent.) injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) were made by a convenient technique in mice. Dose and time studies on the effect of 6-OH-DA on brain monoamines were conducted. When in vitro uptake of 14 C-noradrenaline by brain tissue from control and 6-OH-DA-treated mice was studied by autoradiography, there was a corresponding decrease of radioactive distribution in most catecholamine (CA) nerve terminal areas of treated mice. With histochemical fluorescence microscopy, corresponding changes in the distribution of CA nerve terminals and accumulation of CA fluorescence in the medial forebrain bundle were observed in the brain of 6-OH-DA-pretreated mice. These results confirm in mice evidence obtained in other species that selective doses of i.vent. injected 6-OH-DA cause selective degeneration of CA nerve terminals in the brain. Decreased 14 C-noradrenaline uptake and parallel changes in endogenous CA measured chemically and by fluorescence histochemistry, further supports the view that exogenous noradrenaline is specifically taken up by CA neurons.
Radiographic evaluation of the incidental adrenal lesion.

The detection of incidental adrenal masses has increased substantially with the advent and widespread use of highresolution cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT and MRI. The work-up and treatment of these incidentally found adrenal masses continue to be a clinical challenge for radiologists, endocrinologists, and adrenal surgeons. The approach to the evaluation of most of these adrenal masses depends on the radiologic appearance of the lesion, and whether the patient has a known underlying malignancy. The aim of this article is to review imaging features of pathologic abnormalities of the adrenal gland. Recent advances in noninvasive imaging methods that attempt to differentiate benign from malignant lesions also are addressed.
Effects of auditory masking on lip movements during speech.

This study describes the effects of unpredictably presented masking noise on selected parameters of lip movement during speech. Four normal subjects produced a simple speech utterance while vertica...
A Procedure for Evaluating Auditory Warning Signals

Auditory warning devices used on typical industrial vehicles or material handling devices are produced in quantity as standard items affording the equipment purchaser little or no choice of signal characteristics. Industrial experience has indicated that masking of auditory warning signals by industrial noise backgrounds occurs frequently, often presenting serious incidents or causing accidents. This paper presents statistical model and practical method whereby the effectiveness of auditory warning devices in industrial environments can be predicted based on spectral analyses of the signal and the background in which it is to be used.
An Asynchronous Dataflow Signal Processing Architecture to Minimize Energy per Op

Recent data shows that Dennard's law, which dictates the energy efficiency of digital transistors as their size shrinks, has failed in sub-100nm processes. New architectural paradigms need to be pursued to address the ever-increasing energy efficiency demands of commercial and military systems. This work presents a new dataflow architecture implemented with asynchronous circuits and laid out in a 45nm process. The work is derived from our previous work in developing a fully programmable architecture we call the Field Programmable Compute Array (FPCA), which was implemented using synchronous circuits. We present the results of our work to implement a FIR filter constructed using this paradigm. The asynchronous results are compared with a synchronous version of the same filter that was built using a standard-clocked digital-logic automated design flow. We simulated using an extracted layout and the results show significant improvement in cycle time, frequency and efficiency. The asynchronous pipeline has an overall efficiency improvement of 6.57 times that of the synchronous pipeline. We also show that in the asynchronous design we were able to scale the supply voltage from nominal down to 200mV, which results in even greater efficiency. This paper includes a discussion regarding the property of dataflow elasticity, which is needed for full programmability. Finally, we detail how to construct the circuits necessary to create this new type of pipeline.
Librarians collaborating with nurses.

Abstract Nurses have the potential to be one of the largest groups of users a medical library can serve. In recognition of this fact, librarians at St. John's Health System embarked on a journey to collaborate with nurses and increase this group's use of the medical library. In 2004, a nursing outreach plan was developed by librarians, with input from non-physician health care employees. The nursing outreach plan will be reviewed along with the barriers and successes encountered during implementation of the plan. Innovative strategies for reaching nursing personnel were accomplished by partnering with nurses to reach nurses.
Supporting-electrolyte effects in tensammetry

Summary The adsorption of n -amyl alcohol has been studied by tensammetry in the presence of various electrolytes. The apparent adsorbability of the alcohol increased with increasing concentration of sodium sulfate under certain circumstances. This apparent anomaly disappears when corrections are made for changes of the activity coefficient of the alcohol, resulting from salting out.
A Decision Support Model to Assess Vulnerability to Salt Water Intrusion in the Great Bend Prairie Aquifer of Kansas

A relatively simple ground water decision support system (DSS) was developed to assist in identifying salt water vulnerable areas and in developing management policies to prevent salt water intrusion in central Kansas. The DSS is based on a combination of numerical modeling sensitivity analyses, multiple regression analyses, and classification procedures derived from our knowledge of the area. Six ground water salinity models are proposed to evaluate irrigation well permit applications. The choice of model depends on the availability of site-specific data. The DSS takes advantage of GIS database management procedures, and is applied to an actual salt water intrusion problem site in south-central Kansas. This approach can help local ground water management districts make better decisions on protecting ground water use in salt water vulnerable areas.
The Rearrangement of the trimethylsilyl group in (trimethylsilyl)pyrazoles

Abstract A new class of compounds, the N-(trimethylsilyl)pyrazoles, has been prepared. Four compounds with differing substituents on the pyrazole ring show non-equivalent 3,5-substituents in their NMR spectra. These compounds undergo temperature-dependent NMR spectral changes with the 3,5-substituents becoming equivalent at high temperatures. These spectral changes are due to the rearrangement of the trimethylsilyl group between ring nitrogens. The activation energies indicate that the rearrangement is sensitive to the size of the 3,5-substituents and to the electronic influences of all three ring substituents.
ISOMERIC STATES OF Po ISOTOPES IN THE NANOSECOND RANGE POPULATED BY Pb($alpha$,xn) REACTIONS.

Isomeric states of Po isotopes from $A=204$ to $A=211$ have been investigated by means of the nanosecond time analysis of $\mathrm{Pb}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, xn)$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays produced in natural beam bunches of a cyclotron. In addition to those already reported, new isomeric states have been revealed systematically. The following half-lives have been measured: $^{204}\mathrm{Po}$: 190\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 nsec; $^{206}\mathrm{Po}$: 160\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40 nsec; $^{208}\mathrm{Po}$: 380\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 nsec; and $^{210}\mathrm{Po}$: 110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 nsec. The possibility that such half-lives are associated with the expected 8+ state of predominant configuration ${{h}_{\frac{9}{2}}}^{2}(p)$ is discussed. Another half-life (24 nsec) found in $^{210}\mathrm{Po}$ was assigned as a (${h}_{\frac{9}{2}}{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}$) 11 - isomeric state. Odd isotopes show three-particle isomeric states in addition to the ${i}_{\frac{13}{2}}(n)$ isomeric state. Several characteristic features revealed in this study are discussed.
Breast cancer screening use by African Americans and whites in an HMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine racial differences in breast cancer screening in an HMO that provides screening at no cost.
Monitoring scaling drift for hedonic category scales

Judges on anti-nausea medication, used hedonic scales to assess a set of foods and beverages on two occasions, initially on beginning a treatment with anti-nausea medication and then four weeks later. To detect the possibility that changes in hedonic scores for the foods and beverages may be caused not by changes in liking but by ‘scaling drift’: changes in the use of the scale, control stimuli were also assessed. These control stimuli were sets of stimuli to be assessed for intensity and a set to be assessed for liking. These latter stimuli were a class of stimuli that were unlikely to be liked to a different extent on the two testing occasions. The lack of change in the control stimuli and the change in the hedonic scores for the foods and beverages suggested that the latter was due to changes in liking for the foods and beverages rather than ‘scaling drift’.
Evidence for a High-Mass White Dwarf in Nova V1500 Cygni 1975

Time-resolved spectroscopy of V1500 Cyg are presented from 1981, when the nebular lines from the nova ejecta had faded sufficiently to permit reliably radial velocity measurements on emission lines from the binary remnant. The spectra possess a typical AM Herculis signature. The wavelength region 3800-5100 A contains a number of strong lines, in particular the Balmer series and He II 4686 A. All lines show periodic velocity changes with the same period as the photometric variations. On the first night the lines are relatively weak and narrow, are in phase with the photometric cycle, and suffer extreme modulation; two months later they are strong and broad, are roughly 90 deg out of phase with the photometric cycle, and have relatively less variation in their line fluxes. These features support the suggestion that the remnant is an AM Her system. The observed radial velocity of the secondary is 193 + or - 9 km/s. Various constraints suggest that the magnetic white dwarf in this system has a mass over 0.9 solar.
A sensitive assay for proteolytic enzymes using bacterial luciferase as a substrate.

Abstract A general assay for proteolytic enzymes using bacterial luciferase as a substrate is described. This luciferase is rapidly inactivated by unusually small amounts of different proteases having a wide spectrum of specificities. The activity is lost exponentially; the pseudo-first-order rate constant for inactivation is proportional to the amount of protease. Since luciferase activity can be measured by a very simple and rapid assay, it affords an accurate, sensitive, and convenient assay for proteolytic activity. This technique is capable of detecting as little as 20 ng of trypsin, requires no centrifugation, and is not hampered by the presence of contaminating pigments in the protease preparation. It is compared at pH 6, 7, and 8 to the phenol color assay and the azocoll assay using seven different proteases.
Vectorial fractional integral inequalities with convexity

Here we present vectorial general integral inequalities involving products of multivariate convex and increasing functions applied to vectors of functions. As specific applications we derive a wide range of vectorial fractional inequalities of Hardy type. These involve the left and right: Erdelyi-Kober fractional integrals, mixed Riemann-Liouville fractional multiple integrals. Next we produce multivariate Poincare type vectorial fractional inequalities involving left fractional radial derivatives of Canavati type, Riemann-Liouville and Caputo types. The exposed inequalities are of Lp type, p ≥ 1, and exponential type.
The optimal control approach to generalized multiprocessor scheduling

In this paper we present several new results in the theory of homogeneous multiprocessor scheduling. We start with some assumptions about the behavior of tasks, with associated precedence constraints, as processor power is applied. We assume that as more processors are applied to a task, the time taken to compute it decreases, yielding some speedup. Because of communication, synchronization, and task scheduling overhead, this speedup increases less than linearly with the number of processors applied. We also assume that the number of processors which can be assigned to a task is a continuous variable, with a view to exploiting continuous mathematics. The optimal scheduling problem is to determine the number of processors assigned to each task, and task sequencing, to minimize the finishing time. These assumptions allow us to recast the optimal scheduling problem in a form which can be addressed by optimal control theory. Various theorems can be proven which characterize the optimal scheduling solution. Most importantly, for the special case where the speedup function of each task isp α , wherep is the amount of processing power applied to the task, we can directly solve our equations for the optimal solution. In this case, for task graphs formed from parallel and series connections, the solution can be derived by inspection. The solution can also be shown to be shortest path from the initial to the final state, as measured by anl 1/α distance metric, subject to obstacle constraints imposed by the precedence constraints.
Suppression of neutron emission after heavy-ion fusion: Is shape relaxation affected by a superdeformed minimum?

Neutron spectra as a function of spin and the neutron multiplicity distribution have been measured for the reaction 233-MeV /sup 64/Ni+ /sup 92/Zr. The emission of two neutrons constitutes the strongest decay channel, in contrast to statistical-model calculations which predict the emission of three neutrons to be the strongest by more than one order of magnitude. This is possibly due to trapping in a superdeformed potential well, similar to that giving rise to fission isomers, as the compound nucleus relaxes from the highly distorted initial shape.
Solubilities of the derivatives of β-lactoglobulins A and B produced by the action of carboxypeptidase A

Abstract The solubilities of the derivatives of β-lactoglobulins A and B prepared by the action of carboxypeptidase A were determined in water and sodium chloride solution. It was found that solubility of both A and B β-lactoglobulin decreased rapidly with the removal of C-terminal isoleucine and penultimate histidine, both forms having essentially the same solubility in water and sodium chloride solutions after the removal of 2 moles each of these amino acids per mole of protein. The finding that the difference in solubility of β-lactoglobulins A and B is eliminated by the removal of the same amino acids from the carboxy terminal chain suggests an interaction between the genetic variant amino acid residue and the C-terminal amino acid, which produces a rather large effect on the solubility of the protein.
Adaptive Power Capping for Servers with Multithreaded Workloads

Power capping in computer clusters enables energy budgeting, efficient power delivery, and management of operational and cooling costs. Pack and Cap is a novel, practical methodology to select thread packing and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) configurations by learning multithreaded workload characteristics and adapting to dynamic-power caps. Pack and Cap improves energy efficiency and achievable range of power caps.
Evaluation of modal testing methods

Modal tests are playing an increasingly important role in structural dynamics efforts which are in need of analytical model verification or trouble shootings. In the meantime, the existing modal testing methods are undergoing great changes as well as new methods are being created. Although devoted advocates of each method can be found to argue the relative advantages and disadvantages, the general superiority, if any, of one or the other is not yet evident. The Galileo spacecraft, a realistic, complex structural system, will be used as a test article for performing modal tests by various methods. The results will be used to evaluate the relative merits of the various modal testing methods.
There’s no “I” in team: Adolescent emotions as a space for organizing feminine identity

Abstract Despite the work that has been done to understand women’s subordinate status in Western culture, women continue to struggle to recognize their own worth and convince others of the same. The following qualitative research examines the ways that girls’ emotional socialization impacts their potential future success as adult women. I present a case study of a girls character development program, designed to empower girls through physical activity, as one important context in which girls are socialized into feminine emotional displays. My ethnographic data is drawn from three seasons spent as a coach and participant observer in the organization where I engaged in observations, interviews with coaches and girls participating in the program, and a textual analysis of organizational documents. I analyze emotional intersections in response to expressions of encouragement, negativity, and pride that highlight the communication girls receive about emotions, the ways those messages enable and constrain emotional displays and attendant gendered identities, and the challenges of providing girls with alternate narratives. I suggest ways that girls might be socialized into a wider range of emotion as a potential space for women’s empowerment. Additionally, I demonstrate the importance of youth as a consequential space for understanding the process of female development and empowerment.
Bering Strait influences climate conditions

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) acts as a heat conveyer belt, bringing warm tropical water northward in the Atlantic Ocean and carrying cold dense water back southward. Some studies have suggested that changes in AMOC could result in seesaw-like climate changes between the North Atlantic and North Pacific, in which the North Pacific warms while the North Atlantic cools. In fact, paleoclimate studies have found that such a seesaw effect may have occurred during the Heinrich 1 (H1) event about 15–17.5 thousand years ago. However, global climate conditions are much warmer today than they were during the H1 event. Sea level was much lower during the H1 event, and the Bering Strait, which now connects the North Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean, was closed. Some studies have suggested that AMOC could weaken or even collapse entirely as global climate warms because of anthropogenic influence. Would such AMOC changes lead to the seesaw effect seen during the H1 event?
The twist-boat conformation in a gallium-arsenic six-membered ring: crystal structure of [(Me3SiCH2)2AsGaBr2]3

Abstract [(Me 3 SiCH 2 ) 2 AsGaBr 2 ] 3 , the first trimeric mono(arsino)gallane to be structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis, has been shown to contain a (GaAs) 3 ring in the twist-boat conformation. Crystals of the trimer are monoclinic, space group P 2/ c ( C 4 2 h ), with a 18.877(4), b 13.710(3), c 24.821(4) A, β 122.24(2)°, U 5433.4 A 3 , and Z = 4. The GaAs bond lengths (2.432(2)–2.464(1) A) are all less than any of those found in the (GaAs) 2 rings of dimeric arsinogallanes.
The Impact of Emotional Opportunities on the Emotion Cultures of Feminist Organizations

A fundamental debate within feminist scholarship and activism centers on what relationship feminism should have with the state. This article explores this debate empirically by examining differences in the emotion cultures of a state-dependent and an autonomous feminist organization in postsocialist eastern Germany. The comparative analysis demonstrates how organizations construct specific emotion cultures in response to emotional opportunities and constraints created by their relationships with state institutions. The state-dependent organization adopts a less expressive emotion culture that assures broad public appeal and future state support, but does not build critical consciousness among participants. In contrast, the autonomous organization encourages displays of feelings as part of consciousness raising, creating an emotion culture that reduces public appeal but produces especially loyal and active constituents.
Which agents should we use to treat and prevent influenza in 2006-2007?

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are the treatments of choice this year, but vaccination remains the primary preventive measure.
Multiaxial fatigue of extruded AZ61A magnesium alloy

Abstract Strain-controlled multiaxial fatigue experiments were conducted on extruded AZ61A magnesium alloy using thin-walled tubular specimens in ambient air. The experiments included fully reversed tension–compression, cyclic torsion, proportional axial-torsion, and 90° out-of-phase axial-torsion. For the same equivalent strain amplitude, fatigue life under proportional loading was the highest and the nonproportional loading resulted in the shortest fatigue life. Detectable kinks were identified in the strain–life curves for all the loading paths. Fatigue experiments subjected to fully reversed strain-controlled torsion with a static axial load were also conducted. A positive static axial stress reduced the fatigue life and a compressive static axial stress was found to significantly enhance the fatigue life. Two critical plane multiaxial fatigue criteria were evaluated in terms of fatigue life predictions based on the experimental results. The Fatemi–Socie criterion correlated well with the fatigue life in the low-cycle fatigue regime which was characterized by shear cracking. The fatigue life predictions made by the Fatemi–Socie criterion did not agree well with the experimental results in the high-cycle fatigue regime. A modified Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) criterion was found to be able to predict fatigue lives well for all the loading paths conducted in the current investigation.
Differentiating the Impact of Spiritual Experiences, Religious Practices, and Congregational Support on the Mental Health of Individuals With Heterogeneous Medical Disorders

This study evaluated the relationships that exist between the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) and the mental health of individuals with heterogeneous medical disorders. The participants were 168 individuals with heterogeneous medical disorders (i.e., 61 brain injury, 32 stroke, 25 spinal cord injury, 25 cancer, 25 primary care). The measures were BMMRS subscales (conceptualized as spiritual experiences, religious practices, and congregational support), Medical Outcomes Scale–Short Form 36 General Mental Health scale. Pearson correlations indicated that, in general, mental health is positively correlated with positive spiritual experiences and positive congregational support but negatively correlated with negative spiritual coping and negative congregational support. Mental health was not correlated with private religious practices (e.g., prayer). Hierarchical regressions indicated that congregational support was the only BMMRS scale to predict mental health, explaining...
Pharmacological evidence for a role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in myocardial stunning.

BACKGROUND Several recent studies suggest that activation of ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channels in the myocardium plays an important cardioprotective role during ischemia. The present study was undertaken to examine further the role of this ion channel in vivo in a model of "stunned" myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 15 minutes of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres and segment function by sonomicrometry. Intravenous administration of the potassium channel opener aprikalim (RP 52891) at a dose that produced no significant systemic hemodynamic effects (10 micrograms/kg plus 0.1 microgram/kg/min) resulted in a marked improvement in segment shortening in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium compared with control animals (p less than 0.05) when given before the ischemic insult. However, administration of aprikalim immediately before reperfusion had no beneficial effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with the K(ATP) channel antagonist glibenclamide antagonized the recovery of contractile function afforded by aprikalim when administered at a low dose (0.3 mg/kg) that alone had no effect on postischemic recovery. In contrast, pretreatment with either a higher dose of glibenclamide (1.0 mg/kg) or the related sulfonylurea K(ATP) channel antagonist tolbutamide (100 mg/kg) resulted in a worsening of segment function after reperfusion. The ability of aprikalim and the K(ATP) channel antagonists to alter postischemic wall function occurred independently of differences in systemic hemodynamics, area at risk, and collateral blood flow during occlusion, the major determinants of the extent of myocardial stunning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that opening myocardial K(ATP) channels in the ischemic heart results in a marked cardioprotective effect in stunned myocardium and that these channels may serve an endogenous function, which is to provide protection from ischemic insults.
ADAPTIVE FEEDBACK LINEARIZED VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT ENGINE INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE CONTROL

Abstract This paper develops a parameterization of the intake manifold filling dynamics which are then used in the development of adaptive feedback linearization intake manifold pressure control strategies. Nonlinear simulation results are used to describe the pressure control and parameter estimation response of the designs. These results demonstrate that adaptive feedback linearization can be used to develop manifold pressure control designs that are capable of providing good pressure tracking response over a range of engine speeds and displacements. It is also shown that in the presence of large transients, the adaptive control response can be improved by using manifold pressure time constant values that are based upon steady state calibration values, during transients.
The distribution of potential of ventricular origin below the diaphragm and in the esophagus

Abstract 1. 1. The pattern of ventricular potential variation distributed to the left leg, which Wolferth, Livezey, and Wood called the diaphragmatic pattern, is likewise distributed to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the abdomen below the umbilicus, and to the jejunum and the duodenum. It is distributed to the stomach, although, in certain cases, particularly when the exploring electrode is moved to a position directly under and near the heart, the pattern is not faithfully maintained. 2. 2. The amplitude of potential variations does not tend to change materially between a position as near the heart as the pyloric region of the stomach and as far away as the left leg. Decrement between the heart and the posterior surface of the back, however, tends to be greater than that between the heart and the left leg. There is appreciable decrement between the fundus and the pyloric end of the stomach. 3. 3. The pattern of ventricular potential variations recorded with the exploring electrode in the esophagus at the auricular level is similar in its general characteristics to the pattern obtained when an exploring electrode is placed within a ventricular cavity. When an exploring electrode is placed at the lower end of the esophagus, the pattern recorded may resemble either the pattern with widespread distribution below the diaphragm or the “endocardial pattern” recorded at the auricular level, or it may be intermediate in form between these two. 4. 4. When an electrode is placed either in the stomach or esophagus in positions close to the heart, bizarre electrocardiograms are occasionally obtained. These bizarre effects are attributed to movement of the electrode by the heart. 5. 5. The lower end of the esophagus, as judged from a series of controls, is an unfavorable position for the application of the exploring electrode in clinical electrocardiography because of the diversity of patterns found in normals and the apparently hopeless task of standardization of curves for that area. The “endocardial pattern” of potential variation recorded at the auricular level of the esophagus deserves further investigation. 6. 6. We have found no position, or combination of positions, for the application of an exploring electrode below the diaphragm, either on the body surface or within the lumen of the digestive tract, which is superior to the left leg for the study of ventricular electrical activity, although any position below the level of the umbilicus can be used to demonstrate the same pattern.
Intrinsic limitations to the doping of wide-gap semiconductors

Abstract Doping limits in semiconductors are discussed in terms of the amphoteric defect model (ADM). It is shown that the maximum free electron or hole concentration that can be achieved by doping is an intrinsic property of a given semiconductor and is fully determined by the location of the semiconductor band edges with respect to a common energy reference, the Fermi level stabilization energy. The ADM provides a simple phenomenological rule that explains experimentally observed trends in free carrier saturation in a variety of semiconductor materials and their alloys. The predictions of a large enhancement of the maximum electron concentration in III–N–V alloys have been recently confirmed by experiment.
Effect of cyclic internal pressure on the temperature distribution in a viscoelastic cylinder

Abstract A modified numerical method is introduced to study the interaction between the heat and dynamic response of viscoelastic bodies with temperature-dependent properties. The method is applied to calculate the stress and temperature distributions in a viscoelastic cylinder subjected to cyclic internal pressures. It is found that a large temperature rise may occur due to the interaction, where the value depends upon the thermal and mechanical properties of the material, cylinder size and the frequency of the applied pressure.
Monitoring response to chemotherapy of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts by T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRI

An effective method for in vivo detection of early therapeutic response of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma would enable personalized clinical management of cancer therapy and facilitate the design of optimal treatment regimens. This study evaluates the feasibility of T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for in vivo detection of response of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice to chemotherapy. Each cycle of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, Oncovin, prednisone, and bryostatin 1 (CHOPB) was administered to tumor-carrying mice weekly for up to four cycles. T2WI and DWI were performed before the initiation of CHOPB and after each cycle of CHOPB. In order to corroborate the MRI results, histological analyses were carried out on control tumors and treated tumors after completion of all MRI studies. DWI revealed a significant (P < 0.03) increase in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in CHOPB-treated tumors as early as 1 week after initiation of CHOPB. However, a significant (P < 0.03) decrease in mean T2 was observed only after two cycles of CHOPB. Both MRI methods produced high-resolution (0.1 × 0.1 × 1.0 mm3) maps of regional therapeutic response in the treated tumors based on local apparent diffusion coefficient and T2. Only a specific region of the tumors (in 3 of the 5 tumors) corresponding to about one third of the tumor volume exhibited a response-associate increase in ADC and decrease in T2. An adjacent region exhibited an increase in T2 and no change in ADC. The rest of the tumor was indistinguishable from sham-treated controls by MRI criteria. The therapeutic response of the treated tumors detected by MRI was accompanied by changes in tumor cell density, proliferation and apoptosis revealed by histological studies performed upon completion of the longitudinal study. The mechanism producing the regional response of the tumor remains to be elucidated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.