cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photomultiplier tube failure under hydrostatic pressure in future neutrino detectors

Failure of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) under hydrostatic pressure is a concern in neutrino detection, specifically, in the proposed Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) project. Controlled hydrostatic implosion tests were performed on prototypic PMT bulbs of 10-inch diameter and recorded using high-speed filming techniques to capture failures in detail. These high-speed videos were analyzed frame-by-frame in order to identify the origin of a crack, measure the progression of individual crack along the surface of the bulb as it propagates through the glass, and estimate crack velocity. Crack velocity was calculated for each individual crack and an average velocity was determined for all measurable cracks on each bulb. Overall, 32 cracks were measured in 9 different bulbs tested. Finite element modeling (FEM) of crack formation and growth in prototypic PMT shows stress concentration near the middle section of the PMT bulbs that correlates well with our crack velocity measurements in that section. The FEM model predicts a crack velocity value that is close to the terminal crack velocity reported. Our measurements also reveal significantly reduced crack velocities compared to terminal crack velocities measured in glasses using fracture mechanics testing and reported in literature.
Buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in primary care is associated with decreased human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors

Abstract Methadone treatment reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, but the effects of primary-care-based buprenorphine/naloxone on HIV risk are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether primary-care-based buprenorphine/naloxone was associated with decreased HIV risk behavior. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 166 opioid-dependent persons (129 men and 37 women) receiving buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in a primary care clinic. We compared baseline and 12- and 24-week overall, drug-related, and sex-related HIV risk behaviors using the AIDS/HIV Risk Inventory (ARI). Buprenorphine/naloxone treatment was associated with significant reductions in overall and drug-related ARI scores from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks. Intravenous drug use in the past 3 months was endorsed by 37%, 12%, and 7% of patients at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively ( p p
Padded vs Unpadded Spine Board for Cervical Spine Immobilization

Objectives: To determine whether padding the long spine board improves patient comfort, affects cervical spine (c-spine) immobilization, or increases sacral transcutaneous O2 tension. Methods: A prospective randomized, controlled crossover study of healthy volunteers was conducted over a two-week period. Participants included 30 volunteers with no previous history of c-spine injury or disease. The subjects were randomized to either padded or unpadded long spine board immobilization with serial measurements of discomfort (using a visual analog scale) and transcutaneous tissue O2 tension obtained at zero and 30 minutes. Measurements of ability to flex, extend, rotate, and laterally bend the c-spine were made using a goniometer. The subjects then returned a minimum of three days later to complete the opposite half of the study (padded vs unpadded boards). Results: Subject discomfort was significantly reduced in the padded group compared with the unpadded group (p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in flexion (p = 0.410), extension (p = 0.231), rotation (p = 0.891), or lateral bending (p = 0.230) for the two groups. There was no significant difference in the actual drop in sacral transcutaneous O2 tension from time zero to 30 minutes for the padded and the unpadded groups (mean drop = 14.8% ± 17.5% vs 12.2% ± 16.8%, respectively; p = 0.906). Conclusion: Adding closed-cell foam padding to a long spine board significantly improves comfort without compromising c-spine immobilization. Sacral tissue oxygenation does not appear affected by such padding for healthy volunteers.
Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds and symptom development in response to infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

ABSTRACT Fresh to 10-month-old pruning wounds on grapevine cvs. Thompson Seedless and Cabernet Sauvignon were inoculated with Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Phaeomoniella chlamydospora at approximately 1 × 106 spores/ml. Successful infection was determined by isolation of the pathogen from necrotic margins of cankers or from vascular discoloration assessed 4 months after each inoculation date. Disease incidence decreased as the length of time between pruning and inoculation increased; however, wounds remained susceptible for up to 4 months. Vascular discoloration was significantly less extensive in the noninoculated control than in inoculated spurs. Reduction of shoot length in both cultivars varied depending on pruning wound age at the time of inoculation. In a separate study, inoculation of fresh pruning wounds of Cabernet Sauvignon resulted in successful infection regardless of the time of pruning from February to December.
Network capabilities of cloud services for a real time scientific application

Dedicating high-end servers for executing scientific applications that run intermittently, such as severe weather detection or generalized weather forecasting, wastes resources. While the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) model used by today's cloud platforms is well-suited for the bursty computational demands of these applications, it is unclear if the network capabilities of today's cloud platforms are sufficient. In this paper, we analyze the networking capabilities of multiple commercial (Amazon's EC2 and Rackspace) and research (GENICloud and ExoGENI cloud) platforms in the context of a Nowcasting application, a forecasting algorithm for highly accurate, near-term, e.g., 5–20 minutes, weather predictions. The application has both computational and network requirements. While it executes rarely, whenever severe weather approaches, it benefits from an IaaS model; However, since its results are time-critical, enough bandwidth must be available to transmit radar data to cloud platforms before it becomes stale. We conduct network capacity measurements between radar sites and cloud platforms throughout the country. Our results indicate that ExoGENI cloud performs the best for both serial and parallel data transfer with an average throughput of 110.22 Mbps and 17.2 Mbps, respectively. We also found that the cloud services perform better in the distributed data transfer case, where a subset of nodes transmit data in parallel to a cloud instance. Ultimately, we conclude that commercial and research clouds are capable of providing sufficient bandwidth for our real-time Nowcasting application.
Growth of the Right Heart After Balloon Valvuloplasty for Critical Pulmonary Stenosis in the Newborn

Eight newborns with critical pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum underwent successful percutaneous balloon dilation. Follow-up using echocardiography showed sustained relief of the obstruction across the pulmonary valve and excellent growth of the right heart structures.
EFFECTS OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION OF CORN SEED ON THE RESPIRATION AND GROWTH OF THE SEEDLING'

A B S TR A C T The effect of presowing, gamma-irradiation treatments on the growth and respiration of germinating corn was investigated. Exposures of 40 and 80 krads caused marked inhibition in seedling growth and inhibited the rate of respiration, measured as oxygen uptake per seedling. A decrease in respiration rates, at these doses, could be detected within 1 day after planting, well before emergence of the radicle. Lower doses which were not markedly growth-inhibiting did not appear to inhibit respiration. A highly significant correlation was found between respiration rates at 1 day and shoot lengths of 3-day-old seedlings. The degree of correlation so measured was higher for shoots than for roots and was lowered by growth-inhibiting doses of irradiation. The results indicate that rates of respiration during the first stages of germination may be an important factor in subsequent seedling growth and may provide the basis for predicting the growth of the shoot. THIS PAPER reports the initial phase of an investigation attempting to relate physiological and biochemical changes which occur during the first stages of seed germination to the subsequent growth of the seedling. Corn (Zea mays) seed was subjected to various doses of gamma-irradiation, after which the growth and respiration of the seedlings were measured during the first 5 days of germination. The initial stages of seed germination involve imbibition of water, activation of enzymes, and a marked increase in the respiration rate. Since synthetic activities during germination require a supply of energy, early rates of respiration may be related to the subsequent growth of the seedling. We have attempted to determine the relation between rates of respiration and growth,
Extracting Breathing Signal Using Fourier Transform from Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of extracting breathing signal from the cine magnetic resonance images (MRI) using Fourier transform (FT) and its application in four-dimensional-MRI. Methods: A total of 10 subjects were imaged continuously during free breathing using a true fast imaging with steady-state precession MR sequence. Breathing signal of each subject was determined by two means: (1) by tracking the displacement of a region of interest (ROI) (ROI-displacement); and (2) by tracking the phase change of pixel (0, 1) in the FT of cine MRI (FT-phase). Respiratory phases were calculated from the breathing signal and compared between the two methods. To test the application of FT-phase method in four-dimensional-MRI, an in-house built MR-compatible motion phantom was imaged using multi-slice cine MRI. Four-dimensional-MRI were retrospectively reconstructed using the breathing signal determined using the FT-phase method. Results: The mean difference in the respiratory phase between the two methods is −3.13 ± 4.85%, and the mean correlation coefficient is 0.97 ± 0.02. In the phantom study, four-dimensional-MRI clearly revealed sinusoidal motions of the object with minimal artifacts. Conclusion: Our preliminary results demonstrated that breathing signal can be extracted using FT-phase method with highly accurate respiratory phase information, and can be used for four-dimensional-MRI reconstruction.
Abstract P1-05-05: Epithelial cell reprogramming assay reveals inter-individual heterogeneity in stem/basal and progenitor cell profile of the normal breast

Objectives: The majority of our understanding of mammary epithelial cell hierarchy is from mouse models. In addition, due to limited replication potential, primary cells of either mouse or human origin have rarely been used for functional studies. In this study, we took advantage of the recently developed epithelial cell-reprogramming assay that utilizes irradiated fibroblasts and ROCK inhibitor to characterize breast epithelial cells from individuals with varying degree of breast cancer risk. Methods: Primary breast tissues were collected at the time of surgery and cultured either immediately or at convenient time after freezing in liquid nitrogen with ROCK inhibitor. Flow cytometry sorting was employed to fractionate and propagate stem-like/basal (CD49f+/EpCAM-), luminal progenitor (CD49f+/EpCAM+), and mature (CD49f-/EpCAM+) cell enriched fractions. Similar fractionation/characterization was performed using CD133, CD10, CD271, EGFR and ALDEFLUOR. Results: Inter-individual variability was observed in proportion of CD49f+/EpCAM+, CD49-/EpCAM+ and CD133+ cells. Epithelial cells from a patient considered high risk based on the history of hyperplasia as well as cells from BRCA1 and BRCA2 patients displayed unique CD49f and EpCAM staining pattern compared to cells isolated from adjoining “normal” tissue of two cancer patients. In addition, CD133+ population was higher in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutant patients. Morphologically, cells isolated from BRCA1 patient displayed higher levels of cells with mesenchymal phenotype. Upon short-term culturing of cells under regular 2D culture without reprogramming conditions, cell surface marker profile remained unchanged suggesting that most of the cell surface marker profile is cell intrinsic. CD49f+/EpCAM-, CD49f+/EpCAMhigh, CD49f+/EpCAMmedium, CD49f-/EpCAM+, CD133+/EpCAM+, and CD10+/EpCAM+ cells were amicable for further propagation in culture. CD49f+/EpCAMmedium cells cultured for two weeks remained CD49f+/EpCAMmedium. Additional marker profiling including cancer stem cell markers is underway to further refine stem, progenitor, and mature cells. Conclusion: Ability to propagate distinct subpopulation of normal cells from patients with different breast cancer risk would allow investigation of the impact of cell type origin of cancer on the course of the disease including response to therapy and the development of in vitro assay for breast cancer risk assessment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-05-05.
Gonadal function in patients with galactosaemia

Gonadal function was followed in 26 females and 12 males with galactosaemia due to deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) uridyl transferase over a 4 year period. Gonadal function was normal in males, but all females except two had evidence of acquired ovarian failure. Twelve females with ovarian failure documented at the beginning of this study continued to have either primary or secondary amenorrhoea on follow-up. Five of six patients, who previously had normal gonadal function developed either hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism or an abnormal response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (LRH) indicative of acquired ovarian damage. Seven of eight female patients, 1-12 years of age, who were evaluated for the first time had an exaggerated release of gonadotrophins during LRH stimulation tests diagnostic of gonadal insufficiency. The pathogenesis of ovarian failure remains unknown, but it appears likely that galactose or Gal-1-P is toxic to the ovary. The source of galactose metabolites, which may begin to accumulate prenatally and continue to damage the gonad in the postnatal period, is likely to be derived from the diet and from the endogenous synthesis of Gal-1-P from glucose via a variety of metabolic pathways. The testis appears to be relatively resistant to the effects of abnormal galactose metabolism.
Split-Thickness Skin Graft Urethroplasty and Tunica Vaginalis Flaps for Failed Hypospadias Repairs

AbstractPurpose: Via a 2-stage procedure, 10 patients with failed hypospadias repairs were treated by a varied combination of split-thickness mesh graft urethroplasty and tunica vaginalis flap.Materials and Methods: A bed for the mesh graft in 3 patients was provided by a tunica vaginalis flap. Tunica vaginalis flaps were also used as an intermediate layer during stage 2 of the repair.Results: No strictures or fistulas occurred in 8 patients. Two patients await stage 2 repair after successful stage 1 placement of the mesh graft.Conclusions: The combination of split-thickness mesh graft urethroplasty and a tunica vaginalis flap appears to achieve success in the difficult patient with complex hypospadias subsequent to multiple failed repairs.
Cation-Exchange Constants for Clays from Electrochemical Measurements*

Ion exchange constants for various cations adsorbed on clays were determined using compacted-clay samples as membrane electrodes and theory for the membrane response of glass electrodes. The electrochemical cell used is conventionally written Open image in new window A static electrical potential is developed between the reference electrodes. The potential is a function of the cation species and of the cation activities in the two solutions and is given by an adaptation of the Nernst equation. From measurements of the electrical potential, the free energy of reactions or exchange constants for a series of reactions between various cation species were obtained. These determinations indicate that compacted clays prefer monovalent over divalent cations.
Drug use and abuse in cross cultural perspective.

Marlene Dobkin de Rios is Associate Professor o f Anthropology at California State University, Fullerton. She was the recipient o f a National Institute o f Mental Health Post-Doctoral Fellowship from 19 75-76 at the Medical Anthropology Program, University o f California, Sun Francisco, on a research training grant examining methods, including biofeedback, t o study the cultural patterning o f consciousness. David E. Smith, Associate Professor o f Clinical Toxicology at the University o f California, San Francisco, is the founder and medical director o f the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic in San Francisco. In addition, he is the president o f Youth Projects, Inc., in Sun Francisco. I N A RECENT BOOK, Andrew Weil (1973) has suggested that the desire to alter human consciousness is a basic human psychological characteristic. Bourguignon, an anthropologist, and her colleagues, during a decade of cross cultural research on altered states, have analyzed a global ethnographic sample of 488 societies. The data show that 90% of the societies in question are reported to have one or more institutionalized, culturally patterned forms of altered states of consciousness (1973). As Bourguignon points out, it is likely that we are dealing with a psychobiological capacity available to all societies, and that indeed "the vast majority of societies have used it [altered states of consciousness] in their own particular ways, and have done so in primarily a sacred context" (1973:lO-11). The purpose of this paper is to examine one aspect of cross cultural altered states of consciousness-namely, drug induced ones-to seek continuities and discontinuities in sacred, ritualized drug use. We will focus both on traditional non-Western societies as well as contemporary industrial ones such as the United States. Our interest includes the current increase in American ritualistic drug use (ranging from the heroin needle ritual, the cocktail party, or the marihuana smoking ritual at rock concerts) as it correlates with the evidence from traditional societies of the world. In so doing, we hope to obtain a cross cultural perspective on an issue of great importance and controversy in American society today. This perspective presumes a certain familiarity with the drug abuse question in general. We hope to provide philosophical underpinnings in understanding cross cultural variations in a definition of drug use and abuse.
Corporate reputation – a value creating strategy

This paper reviews an empirical study into corporate reputation strategies in large UK organizations. It considers what is meant by corporate reputation and its role in the strategic marketing communications mix. The findings confirm not only that over the past decade planning and implementation of reputation strategies has become a dominant focus of those concerned with corporate governance but also that the organizational communicator now perceives his or her role as one of guardian of that reputation. It notes further, that between academics and practitioners alike there remains much confusion over the terms reputation and image; are the two one and the same? The findings have implications not only for senior management but also for the development of communication strategies aimed at enabling an organization to gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly overcrowded market place. Evidentially corporate reputation has developed more and more in the UK context – and is now recognized by enlightened management as a key weapon in organizational strategy formulations.
Occurrence of α-synuclein pathology in the cerebellum of Guamanian patients with parkinsonism-dementia complex

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the indigenous Chamorro population of Guam. Neuropathologically, PDC is characterized by neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta with severe widespread neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) similar to those observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is thus considered a tauopathy. Following reports of α-synuclein pathology in PDC patients of Guam, PDC has also been neuropathologically classified as a synucleinopathy. Recently, the presence of α-synuclein-positive bodies has been reported in the cerebellum of some patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), or multiple system atrophy (MSA). Using immunohistochemical techniques, we investigated the deposition of α-synuclein in the cerebellum of Guamanian PDC patients. Numerous α-synuclein-immunoreactive spherical structures were found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum of 63.6% of PDC patients. These structures were only seen in patients showing α-synuclein pathology in the amygdala. The average density of α-synuclein-immunoreactive structures in the cerebellum of Guamanian PDC patients was almost an order of magnitude higher than in non-Guamanian PD patients, and this α-synuclein pathology was much more pronounced in the hemisphere than in the vermis. In addition, double immunohistochemistry revealed that cerebellar α-synuclein is co-localized with the neuronal marker calbindin and with glial-fibrillary acidic protein, suggesting the involvement of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia. These findings demonstrate that the α-synuclein pathology in PDC of Guam affects not only the amygdala, but also the cerebellum, where it appears to involve both Purkinje cells and specialized astrocytes.
Adaptive Neural Network Control Based on Trajectory Linearization Control

In this paper, an adaptive neural network nonlinear control method is developed based on trajectory linearization control (TLC). The adaptive neural network TLC control (ANNTLC) compensates the model nonlinear uncertainty adaptively, and improves controller performance. ANNTLC can also be used to simplify the TLC control design procedure by using a simplified model. A stable neural network learning rule is developed. The simulation result shows the feasibility of the proposed method.
Piezoelectric-assisted removal of the lateral orbital rim in lateral orbital rim advancement.

Dear Sir,Lateral orbital decompression is a key component in the treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), either alone or in combination with additional surgical procedures. For surgeons who prefer ...
Use of the Contrast Volume to Estimated Creatinine Clearance Ratio to Predict Renal Failure After Angiography

Little data exists regarding the relationship between the volume of radiographic contrast infused and the risk of contrast nephropathy for individual patients based on specific patient characteristics. Because the likelihood of renal failure is increased when there is preexisting azotemia or when larger volumes of contrast are used, it was hypothesized that the contrast volume:estimated creatinine clearance ratio would serve as a predictor of nephropathy following cardiac angiography. A retrospective analysis was performed of 152 high risk patients whose baseline serum creatinine concentration was >2.0 mg/dL or who received ± 300 ce of contrast. Nephropathy, defined as in increase in serum creatinine of > 1.0 mg/dL within 48 hours, occurred in 11 patients (7%). The contrast volume: creatinine clearance ratio was > 6.0 in 64% of patients who developed nephropathy and 31% of patients who did not (P 6.0, but only 1% otherwise (P < 0.01). This ratio can be used to calculate an upper limit for contrast volume and might reduce the chance of renal failure.
Are sex differences in sexual vs emotional jealousy explained better by differences in sexual strategies or uncertainty of paternity

In a classic 1992 study, Buss, Larson, Westen, and Semmelroth reported that men were more distressed by the sexual infidelity of a partner and women were more distressed by a partner's emotional infidelity. Buss, et al. suggested that men are concerned about uncertainty of paternity, that is, the possibility of raising another man's child while believing that the child is his own. However, data can be explained in terms of men's greater preference for short-term sexual strategies. This research yielded support for the latter explanation for the samples in this present research.
Clinical and economic impact of infusion reactions in patients with colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab

Background: Systemic agents in cancer treatment were often associated with possible infusion reactions (IRs). This study estimated the incidence of IRs requiring medical intervention and assessed the clinical and economic impacts of IRs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cetuximab. Patients and methods: Details on patients with CRC receiving cetuximab in 2004–2006 were extracted from a large USA administrative claims database. IRs were identified based on the occurrence of outpatient treatment, emergency room (ER) visit, and/or hospitalization for hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. Multivariate regressions were used to examine potential risk factors and quantify the economic impact of IRs. Results: A total of 1122 CRC patients receiving cetuximab were identified. The incidence of IRs requiring medical intervention was 8.4%. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had treatment disruptions and 34% discontinued cetuximab treatment. Mean adjusted costs were $13 863 for cetuximab administrations with an IR requiring ER visit or hospitalization and $6280 for those with an IR requiring outpatient treatment, compared with $4555 for those without an IR. Conclusions: The incidence rate of cetuximab-related IRs requiring medical intervention in clinical practice was found to be higher than rates reported in the product label and clinical trials. The clinical and economic impacts of
A NOVEL COMPARATIVE METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SHIFTS IN THE RATE OF CHARACTER EVOLUTION ON TREES

Evolutionary biologists since Darwin have been fascinated by differences in the rate of trait-evolutionary change across lineages. Despite this continued interest, we still lack methods for identifying shifts in evolutionary rates on the growing tree of life while accommodating uncertainty in the evolutionary process. Here we introduce a Bayesian approach for identifying complex patterns in the evolution of continuous traits. The method (auteur) uses reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to more fully characterize the complexity of trait evolution, considering models that range in complexity from those with a single global rate to potentially ones in which each branch in the tree has its own independent rate. This newly introduced approach performs well in recovering simulated rate shifts and simulated rates for datasets nearing the size typical for comparative phylogenetic study (i.e., ≥64 tips). Analysis of two large empirical datasets of vertebrate body size reveal overwhelming support for multiple-rate models of evolution, and we observe exceptionally high rates of body-size evolution in a group of emydid turtles relative to their evolutionary background. auteur will facilitate identification of exceptional evolutionary dynamics, essential to the study of both adaptive radiation and stasis.
A simulation model for assessing network capacity

NASA has procured a large scale software development facility, known as the Ground Systems Development Environment (GSDE), to support the development of the ground systems software for Space Station Freedom. The GSDE is geographically distributed and includes Local Area Networks (LANs) and T1 lines connecting users at multiple contractor facilities to a mainframe complex at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). In order to assess the adequacy of the planned GSDE network, a discrete event simulation model was developed using Network II.5. In addition to models of each Ethernet segment and each communication link, the network model included detailed models of the architecture of key components, such as routers. A utilization model was developed to estimate the traffic that would be generated by the network users. The simulation model of the GSDE network yielded component utilization, queue lengths, and other performance data. A nominal scenario was simulated, as well as five other potential scenarios that can result in higher network traffic.
Mad Men Unbuttoned: A Romp Through 1960s America by Natasha Vargas-Cooper: Book Reviews

Mad Men Unbuttoned: A Romp Through 1960s America Natasha Vargas-Cooper. New York: Collins Design, 2010. Mad Men Unbuttoned is a paperback adaptation of Natasha Vargas-Cooper's popular blog, "The Footnotes of Mad Men," which has since been renamed "Mad Men Unbuttoned" after this just published volume. As was the case with the blog, this book is inspired by the celebrated AMC series, Mad Men (2007-present). Supported by a small group of Web collaborators (primarily comprised of Angela Serrature who is credited as an historian, Megan Lubaszka as an architect, and Natasha Simons as a writer) Vargas-Cooper authors sixty-three of the seventy-three mini-essays across nine broadlyconceived chapters that refer in one way or another to an incident,? a character, a setting, or a prop from the program (such as the Kennedy assassination, Conrad Hilton, Greenwich Village, or the ubiquitous cigarette, among many other examples). The ten other entries are composed by eight additional guest contributors including the aforementioned Lubaszka and Simons along with a personal remembrance of Ann-Margret by Carol Diehl that is worth noting. In general, Mad Men Unbuttoned is blog-like in its organization in that all of the chapters are interconnected thematically, but none are more important than any of the others, and together they really don't build toward a conclusion or a deeper understanding of the series or the era in any substantive way. For instance, chapter 1, "The Ads and the Men Who Made Them," is the largest section of the book containing seventeen mini-essays that introduce some of the leading advertising figures of the 1950s and early 1960s (such as Leo Burnett, David Ogilvy, and George Lois) as well as a number of iconic products from the times (such as American Airlines, Polaroid, and Maidenform undergarments). Following suit in short order are Chapter 2, "Style" (seven entries); Chapter 3, "Working Girls" (six); Chapter 4, "Sex" (ten); Chapter 5, "Smoking, Drinking, Drugging" (four); Chapter 6, "D?cor" (six); Chapter 7, "Literature" (six); Chapter 8, "Movies" (seven); and Chapter 9, "In Progress" (ten). Viewers of the show will recognize all of the individual subjects that are covered and how each has played some role in the Mad Men narrative at various times during the first three seasons, but the seventy-three agenda items are neither exhaustive nor cumulative in providing a more complete picture of the program or the time-frame in which it is set. Nevertheless, Vargas-Cooper's observations can sometimes be insightful if also somewhat debatable. For example, she employs Leo Burnett to contend that Don Draper is "a disciple" of his "Chicago School of advertising: homespun, straightforward, familiar"; and to assert that Burnett's creative department head, Draper Daniels, was the "model for Don Draper. …
TOPOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS AND INTEGRATED KINEMATIC-STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF A TEN-BAR LINKAGE FOR A HYDRAULIC RESCUE SPREADER

Hydraulic rescue spreaders are used by emergency response personnel to extricate occupants from a vehicle crash. A lighter and more portable rescue spreader is required for better usability and to enable utilization in a variety of scenarios. To meet this requirement, topological synthesis, dimensional synthesis, and an optimization were used to develop a solution linkage. The topological synthesis technique demonstrates that ten links are the minimum possible number that achieves the desired motion without depending primarily on rotation of the spreader jaws. A novel integrated kinematicstructural dimensional synthesis technique is presented and used in a grid-search optimizing the linkage dimensions to minimize linkage mass. The resulting ten-bar linkage meets or exceeds the kinematic performance parameters while simultaneously achieving a near-optimum predicted mass.
fast_protein_cluster: parallel and optimized clustering of large-scale protein modeling data

Motivation: fast_protein_cluster is a fast, parallel and memory efficient package used to cluster 60 000 sets of protein models (with up to 550 000 models per set) generated by the Nutritious Rice for the World project. Results: fast_protein_cluster is an optimized and extensible toolkit that supports Root Mean Square Deviation after optimal superposition (RMSD) and Template Modeling score (TM-score) as metrics. RMSD calculations using a laptop CPU are 60× faster than qcprot and 3× faster than current graphics processing unit (GPU) implementations. New GPU code further increases the speed of RMSD and TM-score calculations. fast_protein_cluster provides novel k-means and hierarchical clustering methods that are up to 250× and 2000× faster, respectively, than Clusco, and identify significantly more accurate models than Spicker and Clusco. Availability and implementation: fast_protein_cluster is written in C++ using OpenMP for multi-threading support. Custom streaming Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) extensions and advanced vector extension intrinsics code accelerate CPU calculations, and OpenCL kernels support AMD and Nvidia GPUs. fast_protein_cluster is available under the M.I.T. license. (http://software.compbio.washington.edu/fast_protein_cluster) Contact: ude.notgnihsaw.oibpmoc@gnuhhl Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mini-Mental State Exam status of community-dwelling cognitively intact centenarians.

Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores for 247 community-dwelling, well-functioning individuals in their 60s (n = 88), in their 80s (n = 92), and 100 or older (n = 67) were compared to examine overall and component MMSE differences. The concomitant influences of visual or literacy deficits, gender, education, race, income, and activities of daily living on MMSE performance were analyzed. Mean MMSE scores of 27.8, 27.1, and 24.8, respectively, for the three cohorts were significantly different, even when all concomitant variables were controlled. After the concomitant variables were controlled, results indicated that there were no age group differences on five MMSE items: naming, repeating, listening and obeying, reading and obeying, and writing sentences. Participants with visual or literacy deficits scored 1.5 points lower than other partimcipants, and displayed performance deficits in four items form the Read & Write MMSE division: naming, reading and obeying, writing sentences, and praxis. Education and gender were significant covariates for total and divisional MMSE scores.
A whole image approach using field measurements for transforming EO1 Hyperion hyperspectral data into canopy reflectance spectra

To maximize the spectral distinctiveness (information) of the canopy reflectance, an atmospheric correction strategy was implemented to provide accurate estimates of the intrinsic reflectance from the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) satellite Hyperion sensor signal. In rendering the canopy reflectance, an estimate of optical depth derived from a measurement of downwelling irradiance was used to drive a radiative transfer simulation of atmospheric scattering and attenuation. During the atmospheric model simulation, the input whole‐terrain background reflectance estimate was changed to minimize the differences between the model predicted and the observed canopy reflectance spectra at 34 sites. Lacking appropriate spectrally invariant scene targets, inclusion of the field and predicted comparison maximized the model accuracy and, thereby, the detail and precision in the canopy reflectance necessary to detect low percentage occurrences of invasive plants. After accounting for artifacts surrounding prominent absorptio...
Masquelet Technique for Treatment of Segmental Bone Loss in the Upper Extremity

A relatively simple technique to address large segmental bone defects in the upper extremity is described, along with a case example.
Hydraulics of Multibarrel Culverts under Inlet Control

The hydraulic characteristics of multi- and single-barrel circular culverts were compared in this study. One-, two-, and three-barrel culverts configurations, operating under inlet control, were tested in the laboratory with various approach conditions and barrel spacing (horizontal and vertical). The single-barrel head-discharge relationship was consistent with the average head-discharge relationship of the individual barrels in a multibarrel culvert configuration with a uniform upstream approach flow and uniform invert elevations. For the nonuniform approach flow condition, the single-barrel model overpredicted the average-barrel flow by up to 10%. With the middle barrel installed at a lower elevation than the outside barrels, in submerged flow the single-barrel head discharge relationship was consistent with the outside barrels, but the middle barrel was up to 7% more efficient than the single-barrel discharge. The flow rate variations are attributed, in part, to a reduction in approach flow contraction entering the center culvert in the three-culvert configuration and a nonuniform distribution of intermittently forming surface vortices at the culvert inlets. The results of a state (United States) Department of Transportation survey regarding multiple culvert use are also presented.
Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adjuvant premeal pramlintide with postmeal insulin on postprandial hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Eight adolescents with T1DM on intensive insulin therapy participated in an open-label, non-randomized, crossover study, comparing postprandial glucose excursions in study A (prescribed insulin regimen and given premeal) vs. study B (pramlintide + insulin). Prandial insulin dose for study B was decreased by 20% and given postmeal, while pramlintide was given just before the meal. Blood glucose (BG), glucagon, and pramlintide concentrations were measured basally and at timed intervals during a 300-min study period. Results: Postprandial incremental BG for the duration of the study was reduced in study B vs. study A with AUC(−60 to 300 min) (area under the curve) at 6600 ± 2371 vs. 20 230 ± 3126 mg/dL/min (367 ± 132 vs. 1124 ± 174 mmol/L/min) (p < 0.001). Glucagon concentration was suppressed for ∼120 min following administration of 30 μg of pramlintide and postmeal insulin (p < 0.003). No severe hypoglycemic episodes were experienced in this study. Conclusions: Postprandial hyperglycemia is considerably reduced in adolescents with T1DM when treated with fixed-dose premeal pramlintide, and precisely calculated postmeal insulin, without significant side effects.
Infestations of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and its hybrids with wheat in Oregon wheat fields

Abstract A survey conducted in a seven-county region of eastern Oregon during the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2000 characterized the occurrence of jointed goatgrass × wheat hybrids and the features of weed infestations promoting hybridization. During the survey, 93 infested sites were visited with jointed goatgrass collected from 57 sites and hybrids collected from 45 sites. Thirteen collection sites were located in uncultivated areas. Observations of jointed goatgrass infestations in and around cropped fields suggested that jointed goatgrass successfully escapes control where weed populations persist in fencerows, access roads, scablands, draws, and roadsides. Most jointed goatgrass and hybrid populations were located in winter wheat fields but were also found in five spring grain fields. Of the 754 hybrid plants collected, 44% contained backcross seed. For all 3 yr, a 1% backcross hybrid seed–production rate was found. A parentage analysis of a subsample of the total hybrid collection showed that the maj...
Laser Diode Active Height Control for Near Field Optical Storge

Servo control of a laser was achieved using a piezoelectric actuator and direct laser diode feedback. A static control error of +/-10nm was measured and control on a disk was performed at low rotation speeds.
Electron-spin resonance study of an alkaline solution of copper(II) oxalate-meso-tartrate complex (the Somogyi reagent) and related complexes

Electron-spin resonance (e.s.r.) studies of the structure of four reagents commonly used in the carbohydrate field, namely, the Somogyi reagent, the Fehling reagent, the Benedict reagent, and the Reeves reagent, in frozen aqueous solution at 77 K, gave definite indications of dimer in the Fehling reagent only; the Benedict reagent contains a relatively low concentration of dimer as compared to monomer. The presence of an "extra" peak at 3.245 kgauss in the e.s.r. spectrum of the Somogyi reagent at 25°C may be associated with a paramagnetic, superoxide, ion-ligand O2- ; at 77 K, extra peaks were observed for the Somogyi, Fehling, and Benedict reagents.
Sexual Reproduction in Sphaeronaemella Helvellae

Sphaeronaemella helvellae isolates were tested for mating type and the effect of substrate on compatibility and fecundity of compatible crosses. Single ascospore isolates were crossed in all combinations and their interactions analyzed. Crosses of single ascospore isolates, either in axenic culture or in association with host fungi, resulted in erratic production of perithecia. Crosses of single ascospore cultures produced perithecia in 50% of cultures when incubated on corn meal agar amended with a Xanthomonas sp. The presence of the bacterium or its biologically sterile filtrate inhibited mycelial growth, reduced the time for perithecial initiation, and increased the quantity of perithecia produced by S. helvellae. Perithecial production in S. helvellae, a heterothallic mycopathogen, was conditioned by a single locus. In both field population and laboratory progenies of S. helvellae, one allele of the incompatibility locus was more frequent than the other.
Using inferences to evaluate the value added of mixed methods research: a content analysis

ABSTRACTContent analysis was used to explore a way to measure the value added of mixed methods research by comparing the quantity and types of inferences drawn by authors of research articles using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Qualitative coding of a matched sample of 51 articles yielded 473 inferences in 8 categories and 4 clusters. No justification was found to support the argument that the three methods are distinguishable by inferential quality. These results have methodological significance because they challenge the accuracy of distinguishing qualitative research as high inference and quantitative research as low inference.
Flirting as a critical mode: Barthes, Alcibiades, Sartre

Reading two scenes of flirting in Plato's Symposium and Sartre's Being and Nothingness, I propose flirting as a critical mode, combining admiration, delight, and co-presence, along the lines of Barthes's ‘affectionate criticism.’
O1-S02.06 Detection of cervical cancer precursors and associated HPV types in the USA: HPV-IMPACT preliminary results

Background Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (CIN2+) can be used to monitor HPV vaccine impact. This spectrum of preinvasive cervical lesions are commonly associated with multiple HPV types and detected through screening. This abstract describes baseline CIN2+ data and associated HPV types among defined populations of US females. Methods As part of a vaccine impact monitoring project (HPV-IMPACT), CIN2+ cases in females 18–39 years were reported from pathology laboratories in five catchment areas (CA, CT, NY, OR, TN). One diagnostic block was selected and unstained serial sections were prepared for PCR. Extracts from samples with residual lesion on both H&Es were used in Roche Linear array to detect and type HPV. CIN2/3 diagnosis rates were determined in catchment areas (CA, CT and NY) with complete case reporting. HPV typing data were analysed from all five defined catchment areas. Results In 2008, rates per 1000 population in 18–39-year-old females were 2.8 in CA, 5.3 in CT and 4.9 in NY. In all five sites, CIN2 was most common (49%), followed by CIN3 (31%) and AIS (2%). The proportion of lesions not distinguished by grade (CIN2/3) varied across sites (from 12 to 27%). Median diagnosis age was 31 years in CA, 29 in CT, 27 in NY, 29 in OR, 28 in TN. Among 5035 18–39-year-old females, 1413 (28%) specimens were tested; 96% were HPV DNA positive. HPV16 was most prevalent (47%), followed by HPV31 (11%), HPV52 (9%) and HPV51 (8%). HPV18 prevalence was 5.4%. HPV16 prevalence varied by diagnosis: 38% in CIN2, 51% in CIN2/3, and 59% in CIN3. Conclusions CIN2+ rates varied by catchment area, possibly reflecting differences in screening or case ascertainment. HPV16 or 18 were present in ∼52% of lesions. Type-specific monitoring of CIN2+ can allow evaluation of vaccine impact on cervical disease, and may be useful in determining whether type replacement occurs.
Acute Liver Failure: Diagnosis and Management

Acute liver failure is life threatening liver injury with coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy within 26 weeks and generally, in the absence of preexisting liver disease. Fulminant liver failure occurs when hepatic encephalopathy occurs within 8 weeks of jaundice. The majority of patients with ALF are women with the median age of 38 years. In the United States, drug induced liver injury including acetaminophen causes the majority of ALF cases. The etiology of ALF should be determined, if possible, because many causes have a specific treatment. The mainstay for ALF is supportive care and liver transplantation, if necessary. There are multiple prognostic criteria available. Prognosis can be poor and patients should be referred to a liver transplantation center as soon as possible.