cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hsp90/p50cdc37 Is Required for Mixed-lineage Kinase (MLK) 3 Signaling

Mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase that activates MAPK pathways, including the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways. MLK3 and its family members have been implicated in JNK-mediated apoptosis. A survey of human cell lines revealed high levels of MLK3 in breast cancer cells. To learn more about MLK3 regulation and its signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, we engineered the estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, to stably, inducibly express FLAG epitope-tagged MLK3. FLAG·MLK3 complexes were isolated by affinity purification, and associated proteins were identified by in-gel trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified were heat shock protein 90α,β (Hsp90) and its kinase-specific co-chaperone p50cdc37. We show that endogenous MLK3 complexes with Hsp90 and p50cdc37. Further experiments demonstrate that MLK3 associates with Hsp90/p50cdc37 through its catalytic domain in an activity-independent manner. Upon treatment of MCF-7 cells with geldanamycin, an ansamycin antibiotic that inhibits Hsp90 function, MLK3 levels decrease dramatically. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor α-induced activation of MLK3 and JNK in MCF-7 cells is blocked by geldanamycin treatment. Our finding that geldanamycin treatment does not affect the cellular levels of the downstream signaling components, MAPK kinase 4, MAPK kinase 7, and JNK, suggests that Hsp90/p50cdc37 regulates JNK signaling at the MAPK kinase kinase level. Previously identified Hsp90/p50cdc37 clients include oncoprotein kinases and protein kinases that promote cellular proliferation and survival. Our findings reveal that Hsp90/p50cdc37 also regulates protein kinases involved in apoptotic signaling.
Some Physical Properties of Milk. III. Effects of Homogenization Pressures on the Viscosity of Whole Milk

Summary Data on effects of homogenization pressures from 15 to 3,500 p.s.i. on the viscosity of whole pasteurized milk at temperatures from 4° to 49° C. are reported. As homogenization pressures were increased above 300 p.s.i. there were highly significant linear increases in viscosity when measured at 9 temperatures. Pressures of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 3,000, and 3,500 p.s.i. increased viscosity as compared with the unhomogenized milk by respective averages of 7.1, 9.2, 11.9, 13.7, and 15.0%. Quadratic trends were also present. At pressures below 300 p.s.i. and temperatures above 23° C, linear trends were usually significant. At lower temperatures there were no significant linear or quadratic trends. Cubic trends sometimes indicated an increase in viscosity at pressures near 300 p.s.i. after a decrease beginning at pressures near 15 p.s.i.
Low level tritium detection using accelerator mass spectrometry

The detection of very low concentrations of tritium in the atmosphere requires rather large samples and counting times using conventional radioactive decay techniques. Substantial reductions in both sample size and counting time can be realized using accelerator mass spectrometry techniques. We have used the sector-focused cyclotron at the Naval Research Laboratory to detect tritium in hydrogen at the level of 1 part in 1012 in a 4 ml sample of hydrogen at 1 atm pressure and 15 min counting time. The detection techniques as well as improvements in beam transport efficiency and elimination of memory effects in the accelerator will be presented.
Thermogravimetric Quantification of Biodiesel Produced via Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Soybean oil

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a potential screening method for monitoring biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with m...
Methane activation on Ni(111) at high pressures

Abstract High pressure CH 4 decomposition experiments on Ni(111) have been conducted to discriminate between a direct reaction mechanism involving hot CH 4 molecules and a precursor-mediated mechanism. It has been found that the direct process for CH 4 decomposition is kinetically significant in depositing adsorbed carbon. Using absolute carbon coverage measurements the absolute efficiency of carbon deposition on Ni(111) at 600 K was found to be 4×10 −8 C atom per CH 4 collision at 1.0 Torr CH 4 pressure. By the use of He, Ne, and Ar buffer gases, it has been shown that the major process leading to CH 4 dissociation involves heating CH 4 followed by return of excited CH 4 back to the surface where the CH 4 dissociates. These experiments demonstrate that CH 4 translational excitation and vibrational excitation, as studied by molecular beam methods, are the kinetically important CH 4 activation processes leading to dissociation in the high pressure regime.
First Report of Potato mop-top virus on Potatoes in Washington State.

In April of 2011, approximately 10% of the tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Alturas, grown in central Washington State and collected from a commercial potato storage facility, were observed to have internal brown spots and arcs typical of infection by either Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) or Potato mop-top virus (PMTV). Ten tubers showing symptoms ranging from a few brown spots to large (2 cm) concentric arcs were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers specific for TRV (3) or PMTV (PMTV2 forward, AGAGCAGCCGTCGAGAATAG; PMTV3 reverse, TCGTCCACCTCTGCGAGTTG). Two symptomless tubers from the same lot were also tested. All symptomatic tubers tested negative for TRV, but eight of the symptomatic tubers were positive for PMTV, as evidenced by production of the expected 416-bp amplified DNA product. The symptomless tubers were negative for both viruses. The eight symptomatic tubers that were positive for PMTV by RT-PCR were also positive for PMTV by ELISA using a commercially available kit (A...
Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in a filtered retort water sample by solid-surface fluorescence

Abstract A method has been developed for determining benzo[a]pyrene in filtered retort water from an in situ oil shale process by employing liquid—liquid extraction, dry-column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence spectrometry. Benzo[a]pyrene was identified and determined by detecting its fluorescence directly from chromatoplates. The accuracy and precision of the method are good; the limit of detection is ca. 0.08 ppb. Irreproducible results were obtained with unfiltered retort water samples.
Bifocal modeling: mixing real and virtual labs for advanced science learning

In this paper, we describe a set of user studies within the Bifocal Modeling (BM) framework. BM juxtaposes physical and computer models using sensor-based and computer modeling technologies, highlighting the discrepancies between ideal and real systems. When creating bifocal models, students build both a physical model with sensors of a given scientific phenomenon, and a computer model of the same phenomenon, connecting the two in real time with a special hardware interface. In this paper, we describe four formats for using BM in the classroom, as well as its affordances and characteristics.
Managing the buyer-supplier interface for on-time performance in product development

Abstract Reducing the time required to develop new products has become an important factor of competition in many industries. This paper empirically tests whether management of the buyer-supplier interface affects supplier-related delays and, in turn, if these delays slow the overall project. Product development engineers and engineering managers in 79 assembly industry firms were surveyed to gather the data for this study. Results of analysis of covariance show that working with a supplier that has strong technical capabilities reduces supplier-related delays. However, the benefits of commonly cited interface management techniques such as early supplier involvement, increasing the supplier's responsibility for design, and greater buyer-supplier communication were not confirmed. A significant relationship was found between supplier-related delays and overall project delays. The priority that the buyer's top management places on the project and the degree of technical change were also significantly related to overall project delays.
Characterization of a novel C-kinesin (KIFC3) abundantly expressed in vertebrate retina and RPE.

Abstract Many forms of intracellular transport are mediated by microtubule-dependent motors of the kinesin superfamily (KIFs). To identify kinesins expressed in human retina and RPE, we used degenerate primer RT-PCR to amplify a ∼440 bp kinesin motor domain fragment from human retinal and RPE messenger RNAs. Four distinct kinesins were detected: one C-kinesin (HsKIFC3); one kinesin from the unc104/KIF1 family [HsKIF1A]; and the ubiquitous and neuronal forms of conventional kinesin heavy chain [HsuKHC and HsnKHC]. The C-kinesin HsKIFC3 comprised 33.3% of the retinal clones and was 60% identical to FKIF2, the most abundant kinesin detected in a previous screen of fish retina and 95% identical to a fragment of MmKifC3 recently amplified from mouse brain. Elsewhere we have reported the sequence of HsKIFC3 and shown that it maps to the same locus on chromosome 16q13-q21 as Bardet-Biedl syndrome Type II, a hereditary retinal degeneration. We describe here the kinesin PCR screen of human retina and RPE and examine the tissue and subcellular distribution of KIFC3 in both fish and human retina using an antibody raised against a peptide conserved between FKIF2 and HsKIFC3. This peptide antibody identified a single ∼80 kDa band in Western blots of fish and human retina and RPE. In both fish and human retina this antibody strongly labeled photoreceptor terminals in the outer plexiform layer, suggesting that FKIF2/KIFC3 may play some role in the photoreceptor synapse.
Infant mortality and health care in Mexican communities.

Abstract Data from the 1976–1977 Mexican Fertility Survey show a high degree of correlation among community background characteristics, access to medical services and utilization of health care in a sample of 125 localities. All of these factors are related to infant mortality at the bivariate level. Use of prenatal and infant health care, but not proximity to medical personnel and facilities, is found to affect infant survival independently of the community's degree of socio-economic development. The findings point to the need to employ separate measures of medical access and health utilization.
The last subconstituent of the Hemmeter graph

We prove that when q is any odd prime power, the distance-2 graph on the set of vertices at maximal distance D from any fixed vertex of the Hemmeter graph Hem"D(q) is isomorphic to the graph Quad"D"-"1(q) of quadratic forms on F"q^D^-^1.
Lateral hypothalamic lesions impair flavour‐nutrient and flavour‐toxin trace learning in rats

Food-restricted rats with ibotenic acid lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LHx) learned to prefer a flavour paired with concurrent intragastric (i.g.) infusions of maltodextrin, although their preference was weaker than that displayed by sham controls. Unlike controls, the LHx rats failed to acquire a flavour preference when the i.g. maltodextrin infusion was delayed by 15 min. The same rats learned to avoid flavours paired with i.g. lactose or lithium chloride over short delays (15-30 min), but were impaired, relative to controls, at a long conditioned-unconditioned stimuli delay (2 h). These data indicate that the LH is critical for the formation of flavour-postingestive consequence learning over a delay, particularly with nutrient reinforcement. Lateral hypothalamus lesions might specifically impair the processing of nutrient-generated unconditioned stimuli and, more generally, could interfere with the maintenance of flavour memories.
RNA-directed DNA methylation and demethylation in plants

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a nuclear process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cytosine methylation of DNA sequences that are complementary to the siRNAs. In plants, double stranded-RNAs (dsRNAs) generated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2) serve as precursors for Dicer-like 3 dependent biogenesis of 24-nt siRNAs. Plant specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is presumed to generate the initial RNA transcripts that are substrates for RDR2. siRNAs are loaded onto an argonaute4-containing RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) that targets the de novo DNA methyltransferase DRM2 to RdDM target loci. Nascent RNA transcripts from the target loci are generated by another plant-specific RNA polymerase, Pol V, and these transcripts help recruit complementary siRNAs and the associated RdDM effector complex to the target loci in a transcription-coupled DNA methylation process. Small RNA binding proteins such as ROS3 may direct target-specific DNA demethylation by the ROS1 family of DNA demethylases. Chromatin remodeling enzymes and histone modifying enzymes also participate in DNA methylation and possibly demethylation. One of the well studied functions of RdDM is transposon silencing and genome stability. In addition, RdDM is important for paramutation, imprinting, gene regulation, and plant development. Locus-specific DNA methylation and demethylation, and transposon activation under abiotic stresses suggest that RdDM is also important in stress responses of plants. Further studies will help illuminate the functions of RdDM in the dynamic control of epigenomes during development and environmental stress responses.
Effect of differential gastric evacuation and multispecies prey items on estimates of daily energy intake in juvenile chinook salmon

The caloric density of stomach contents in juvenile chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, was not affected by gastric evacuation, suggesting a constant caloric density of stomach contents during evacuation. Differences in the caloric density of prey consumed did affect caloric density of stomach contents over a 24-h period. Consumption of the amphipodCorophium sp. was associated with reduced caloric densities of stomach contents. During periods whenCorophium contributed more than 4% of the stomach contents, average caloric density declined from 5.56 to 5.33 kcal g−1. Despite this difference, estimates of daily energy intake of juvenile chinook salmon were only 3%, greater when developed from the mean caloric density of stomach contents excludingCorophium.
Cytochrome P-450 membrane signals.

(1989). Cytochrome P-450 Membrane Signals. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 20, No. 2-4, pp. 811-820.
Implementation of formal learning objectives during a physical medicine and rehabilitation sports medicine rotation.

Objective To develop and implement formal learning objectives during a physical medicine and rehabilitation sports medicine rotation and characterize resident experiences with the objectives over a 16-mo period. Design Prospective, including learning objective development, implementation, and postrotation survey. Results A total of 69 learning objectives were developed by physical medicine and rehabilitation staff physician consensus, including 39 core objectives. Eighteen residents completed 4-wk sports medicine rotations from January 2003 through April 2004. Residents completed an average of 31 total objectives (45%; range, 3-52), of which 24 (62%; range, 3-35) were core. Residents completed the highest percentage of knee (60%), shoulder (57%), and ankle-foot (57%) objectives and reported that objectives related to these areas were most effective to facilitate learning. In general, residents reported that objective content was good and that the objectives delineated important concepts to learn during the rotation. Seventeen of 18 residents indicated that the objectives should be permanently implemented into the sports rotation and that similar objectives should be developed for other rotations. Based on our experience and the recommendations of residents, the average resident should be able to complete approximately 30 objectives during a typical 4-wk rotation. Conclusions Successful implementation of specific, consensus-derived learning objectives is possible within the context of a busy clinical practice. Our initial physician staff and resident experience with the objectives suggests that this model may be useful as a supplementary educational tool in physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs.
Fear conditioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: results from a novel experimental paradigm

Objective Considerable research examines fear conditioning in adult anxiety disorders but few studies examine youths. Adult data suggest that anxiety disorders involve elevated fear but intact differential conditioning. We used a novel paradigm to assess fear conditioning in pediatric anxiety patients.
Using syntactic and confusion network structure for out-of-vocabulary word detection

This paper addresses the problem of detecting words that are out-of-vocabulary (OOV) for a speech recognition system to improve automatic speech translation. The detection system leverages confidence prediction techniques given a confusion network representation and parsing with OOV word tokens to identify spans associated with true OOV words. Working in a resource-constrained domain, we achieve OOV detection F-scores of 60–66 and reduce word error rate by 12% relative to the case where OOV words are not detected.
Analysis of the Experimental Meaning of Coherent Superposition and the Nonexistence of Superselection Rules

The experimental meaning of coherent superposition of state vectors is analyzed. It is shown that the involvement of the measuring instrument is of basic importance and that it is erroneous to study superposition without it. From this analysis it is found that there are no such things as superselection rules. The meaning of the sign change of spinors under $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ rotation is considered, and it is found to have experimental consequences. The nonmeasurability of the relative parity of states with different $z$ components of angular momentum is shown. An appendix discusses the application of some of the considerations of the paper to decaying states and elementary particles.
The IMF monetary model at 40

Abstract A model reflecting the monetary approach to the balance of payments was published in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1957. Its purpose was to integrate monetary, income and balance-of-payments analysis, and it became the basis of the conditionality applied to IMF credits. Extremely simple, with primary focus on the balance of payments effects of credit creation by the banking system, the model has retained its usefulness for policy purposes over time, as it was adapted to changes in member countries' priorities and in the international monetary system, in particular the disappearance of the par value system.
Task-relevant object detection and tracking

Within the context of the Learning from Narrated Demonstration framework, a key vision component is to detect the task-relevant object for further processing. In this paper, we take advantage of the fact the task-relevant object is often connected to the supervisor's hand and recast the problem as handheld object detection and tracking. Achieving robust handheld object detection and tracking has its own challenges, including arbitrary object appearance, viewpoint and non-rigid deformation. We propose a robust vision system that integrates speech information to perform handheld object detection via CRF, and MeanShift based tracking. Extensive evaluation on five sets of data has demonstrated the validity and robustness of the proposed system.
Nitrogen/potassium fertilization ratios for bermudagrass turf

Turfgrass fertilizers often contain approximately one-half as much potassium (K) as nitrogen (N), on a weight basis. Since K fertilization has been shown to be very beneficial for turfgrass appearance and growth, higher rates of K fertilization, relative to N, have been suggested. The effect of K/N fertilization ratios on `Tifgreen' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] growth and quality was studied over a 3-yr period in south Florida for three rates of N fertilization. Severe K deficiencies were observed in the absence of K fertilization. However, increasing K fertilization beyond a K/N fertilization ratio of 0.5 to 1 had virtually no effect on turfgrass appearance, growth, on resistance to bermudagrass decline, or on root weight. Increasing K fertilization relative to N fertilization did not provide commensurate increases in tissue K.
SU‐D‐BRD‐06: Automated Population‐Based Planning for Whole Brain Radiation Therapy

Purpose: Treatment planning for whole brain radiation treatment is technically a simple process but in practice it takes valuable clinical time of repetitive and tedious tasks. This report presents a method that automatically segments the relevant target and normal tissues and creates a treatment plan in only a few minutes after patient simulation. Methods: Segmentation is performed automatically through morphological operations on the soft tissue. The treatment plan is generated by searching a database of previous cases for patients with similar anatomy. In this search, each database case is ranked in terms of similarity using a customized metric designed for sensitivity by including only geometrical changes that affect the dose distribution. The database case with the best match is automatically modified to replace relevant patient info and isocenter position while maintaining original beam and MLC settings. Results: Fifteen patients were used to validate the method. In each of these cases the anatomy was accurately segmented to mean Dice coefficients of 0.970 ± 0.008 for the brain, 0.846 ± 0.009 for the eyes and 0.672 ± 0.111 for the lens as compared to clinical segmentations. Each case was then subsequently matched against a database of 70 validated treatment plans and themore » best matching plan (termed auto-planned), was compared retrospectively with the clinical plans in terms of brain coverage and maximum doses to critical structures. Maximum doses were reduced by a maximum of 20.809 Gy for the left eye (mean 3.533), by 13.352 (1.311) for the right eye, and by 27.471 (4.856), 25.218 (6.315) for the left and right lens. Time from simulation to auto-plan was 3-4 minutes. Conclusion: Automated database- based matching is an alternative to classical treatment planning that improves quality while providing a cost—effective solution to planning through modifying previous validated plans to match a current patient's anatomy.« less
A computational model for corruption assessment

Corruption afflicts public services world-wide and is universally considered undesirable. However, there is little prior work to formalize it so that it can be attacked effectively using computational (ICT) techniques. It is believed that trends like process (service) automation and open data help tackle corruption but little is known about why and when. In this work, we address this gap by (a) presenting a meta-model for agent-delivered services motivated by real case studies in corruption, (b) describing common patterns of corruption in such service process designs, (c) formalizing the patterns via a language that instantiates the meta-model, and (d) evaluating the formal patterns on new cases of corruption. We then discuss how the formal patterns help evaluate effectiveness of the various mechanisms for addressing corruption.
Optimal dispersion and central places

This paper presents research into optimal dispersion models as applied to central places. The literature regarding location optimization and central places is reviewed and the motivation for employing dispersion models is identified. Models that employ the objective of maximal dispersion in the context of central places are formulated and solved in the context of both single- and multiple-good systems. Two methods for generating multiple-good systems are presented: a multiple-type dispersion model and a K-value constraint set formulation. Sequential solutions to dispersion models demonstrate how a system of central places could develop over time. The solutions to these models generate the patterns of central places expected under the organizing principles of central place theory. The objective of maximal dispersion is posited as both a motivating factor in central place location decisions, and as the optimal outcome of a mature system of central places.
Should patients with ocular genetic disorders have genetic testing

Purpose of review To discuss the risks, benefits and value of genetic testing for ocular genetic disease. Recent findings Testing for ocular genetics diseases is becoming more available and successful gene therapy is being reported. Clinicians must prepare for this trend by considering diagnostic genetic testing for their patients. Summary As advances continually occur in genetic testing for ocular genetic disorders, clinicians must develop an understanding of the potential risks and benefits for their patients.
Disease and drug effects on internally-generated and externally-elicited responses in first episode schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder

Neurocognitive deficits are associated with most psychotic disorders, but may differ across diagnosis and by treatment status. This ambiguity is partly addressed in longitudinal pre/post treatment studies with first episode patients. Antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients have shown intact performance on a predictive saccade task that assesses simple motor learning, spatial abilities, and response planning. After antipsychotic treatment, however, schizophrenia patients performing this task show a selective impairment in the accuracy of anticipatory responses, generated from learned internal representations of the task stimulus. This finding is in line with other observations of antipsychotic medication effects on frontostriatal systems, particularly dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We sought to replicate this provocative finding with an independent sample of antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients and extend it by including a group of patients with first episode bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDP). Matched healthy controls were also studied in parallel. Schizophrenia patients demonstrated intact performance pretreatment followed by impairment post-treatment for accuracy of anticipatory responses, and worse accuracy was associated with higher antipsychotic dose. BDP patients displayed saccade accuracy deficits before and after treatment and had no correlation of performance and antipsychotic dose. The findings suggest different neural alterations early in the course of each psychotic disorder, and different vulnerabilities to antipsychotic treatment effects between schizophrenia and BDP.
Reactions of atomic oxygen (O/3P/) with various polymer films

An attempt is made to obtain the etch rates for various polymer films exposed to O(3P) downstream from, and out of the glow of, the O2 plasma. These rates are compared with published values from the following sources: etching in the glow of an O2 plasma, the Space Shuttle STS-8 flight experiment, and beam experiments. The etch rate data for Kapton fit a logarithmic plot (with a positive slope) of the reaction probability versus O(3P) impact energy.
Digital sorting of complex tissues for cell type-specific gene expression profiles

Cellular heterogeneity is present in almost all gene expression profiles. However, transcriptome analysis of tissue specimens often ignores the cellular heterogeneity present in these samples. Standard deconvolution algorithms require prior knowledge of the cell type frequencies within a tissue or their in vitro expression profiles. Furthermore, these algorithms tend to report biased estimations. Here, we describe a Digital Sorting Algorithm (DSA) for extracting cell-type specific gene expression profiles from mixed tissue samples that is unbiased and does not require prior knowledge of cell type frequencies. The results suggest that DSA is a specific and sensitivity algorithm in gene expression profile deconvolution and will be useful in studying individual cell types of complex tissues.
Uncommon skin lesion in a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia.

A 20-year-old African-American man, with a history of ataxia-telangiectasia diagnosed at the age of one year, presented to the hospital with fever, cough, and headache of 2 days’ duration. The fever was of high grade, associated with chills and rigors. The headache was frontal in location, constant, pounding in nature, and associated with photophobia and phonophobia; there was no neck pain, no neck stiffness, and no blurring of vision. The patient complained of facial pain. There were no relieving or aggravating factors. The family denied any change in mental status. The cough was productive of yellowish sputum. There was associated rhinorrhea. The patient complained of nausea and vomiting with the headache. A review of other systems was negative. On presentation in the emergency room, the patient was tachypneic, febrile, and tachycardic. He was oriented to time, place, and person. His neck was supple and meningeal signs were negative. He had maxillary sinus tenderness. Neurologic examination revealed nystagmus, ocular telangiectasia (Fig. 1), ataxia, and globally decreased muscle strength. Skin examination showed hypopigmented areas on all four extremities, the face, and neck (Figs 1–4), without involvement of the trunk. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Figure 1. Area of vitiligo on the neck with premature graying of the hair Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 2. Vitiligo on the hands Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 3. Vitiligo involving the legs Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 4. Ocular telangiectasia Download figure to PowerPoint The leukocyte count was elevated at 19,600/mcL, with a differential of neutrophils (84%), monocytes (11%), and lymphocytes (5%). Hemoglobin and hematocrit were normal. Chemistry and chest X-ray were normal. Computed tomography scan of the head showed acute sinusitis and cerebellar atrophy consistent with ataxia-telangiectasia. A lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid findings were suggestive of aseptic meningitis. The patient was treated for aseptic meningitis and acute sinusitis with acyclovir and ceftriaxone. The leukocyte count normalized, the patient remained afebrile, and was asymptomatic after 2 days of treatment with antimicrobials. The rest of the hospital stay was uneventful.
Magnetic properties of an SmCo/NiFe system for magnetic microactuators

Abstract For investigating the process compatibility of sputter-deposited SmCo and electroplated NiFe the system Cr/SmCo/Cr/NiFe/Cr/substrate was investigated. Magnetic properties achieved for SmCo in either sandwich for in-plane measurements are a coercivity of 800 kA/m, a remanence of 0.5 T as well as a maximal energy product of 20 kJ/m 3 . It could also be observed, that the permeability of the NiFe improved due to the SmCo annealing process.
Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems

To build a theory of social complexity, we need to understand how aggregate social properties arise from individual interaction rules. Here, I review a body of work on the developmental dynamics of pigtailed macaque social organization and conflict management that provides insight into the mechanistic causes of multi-scale social systems. In this model system coarse-grained, statistical representations of collective dynamics are more predictive of the future state of the system than the constantly in-flux behavioural patterns at the individual level. The data suggest that individuals can perceive and use these representations for strategical decision-making. As an interaction history accumulates the coarse-grained representations consolidate. This constrains individual behaviour and provides the foundations for new levels of organization. The time-scales on which these representations change impact whether the consolidating higher-levels can be modified by individuals and collectively. The time-scales appear to be a function of the ‘coarseness’ of the representations and the character of the collective dynamics over which they are averages. The data suggest that an advantage of multiple timescales is that they allow social systems to balance tradeoffs between predictability and adaptability. I briefly discuss the implications of these findings for cognition, social niche construction and the evolution of new levels of organization in biological systems.
Seed Production in Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Prevented by Some Methods of Manual Removal

ABSTRACT: The eradication of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) from natural populations has proven to be difficult; however, manual removal efforts can be effective at reducing or eliminating small populations when repeated for several years, exhausting the seed bank. We evaluated a variety of manual removal methods for efficacy in reducing viable seed production in garlic mustard. Plants were uprooted and evaluated for subsequent viable seed production based on four variables: (1) height (short, tall), (2) phenological stage (flowering, early-fruiting, late-fruiting), (3) deradication (root removed from uprooted plant), and (4) disposal method (hang, scatter, pile). Uprooting plants at the flowering stage prevented production of any viable seed, while early- and late-fruiting plants were still able to produce viable seed. Fruits initiated on taller plants (≥ 40 cm) produced significantly (P < 0.01) more viable seed than those on short plants (≤ 35 cm). Deradication of uprooted plants did not offer an a...
Computational Imaging, Sensing and Diagnostics for Global Health Applications

In this review, we summarize some of the recent work in emerging computational imaging, sensing and diagnostics techniques, along with some of the complementary non-computational modalities that can potentially transform the delivery of health care globally. As computational resources are becoming more and more powerful, while also getting cheaper and more widely available, traditional imaging, sensing and diagnostic tools will continue to experience a revolution through simplification of their designs, making them compact, light-weight, cost-effective, and yet quite powerful in terms of their performance when compared to their bench-top counterparts.
Transmission electron microscopy of previously embedded celloidin sections.

A technique to re-embed celloidin sections of human temporal bones for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented. the procedure consists of basically four different steps, starting with loosening of the celloidin sections from the glass slides, removing the celloidin using clove oil, to staining and embedding in epoxy resin. the technique allows TEM analysis of the intact labyrinth in various regions in the same specimen, as well as on the same section. This may prove useful, as prior dissection of the fragile tissue components of the membranous labyrinth is no longer necessary. the technique makes possible the retrospective study of temporal bone collections. It may also be of value for the study of the ultrastructural histopathology of the human inner ear in optimally preserved tissue.
Dynamic beam switching of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with integrated optical beam routers

Dynamic beam switching of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been demonstrated for the first time using integrated optical beam routers. The output beam of the VCSEL is switched electrically between two different emission angles. High-speed switching up to 2 GHz has been achieved with an 8 /spl mu/m/spl times/8 /spl mu/m device. Such beam-steering devices are particularly suitable for optical interconnect and photonic switching applications. By integrating the beam routers with VCSELs, the complexity and size of the switching nodes are significantly reduced.
Hypertension and Its Treatment in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial

Background and Purpose—We examined the frequency, course, and treatment of hypertension in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. Methods—Blood pressure (BP) was measured at the time of admission, at randomization, and then 36 times during the first 24 hours after randomization. Patients with a systolic BP of >185 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of >110 mm Hg at admission were defined as hypertensive before randomization, and those with a systolic BP of >180 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of >105 mm Hg within the first 24 hours after randomization were defined as hypertensive after randomization. Standardized clinical assessments were conducted at 24 hours and at 3 months. Post hoc analyses were conducted to evaluate the association of antihypertensive therapy with clinical outcomes. Results—Of the 624 patients, 121(19%) had hypertension on admission and 372 (60%) had hypertension in the 24 hours after randomization. The use of antihypertensive therapy before randomization (tPA 9%, placebo 9%) and after randomization (tPA 24%, ...
Offspring Sex Ratio and Number in Response to Proportion of Host Sizes and Ages in the Parasitoid Wasp Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

In rearing parasitoids for biological control releases and in natural populations, female parasitoids may encounter variable distributions of host quality. Here I examine how the proportion of hosts that are small versus large or old versus young affects sex ratio and offspring production of the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni Perkins parasitizing Musca domestica L. pupae. With increasing proportion of small hosts or old hosts, overall number of offspring did not significantly decrease and the overall proportion that were male (i.e., from small and large hosts combined) did not significantly increase. A greater proportion of sons from small versus large and from old versus young hosts was not restricted to the case of equal numbers of different host types. The proportion of sons produced from small hosts as well as the proportion of sons from large hosts decreased as the proportion of small hosts increased, and the proportion of sons produced from young hosts decreased as the proportion of old hosts increased. These results are relevant to recommendations for rearing S. cameroni for biological control releases and to testing evolutionary sex ratio theory, specifically a combined host-quality and local mate competition model.
A 184mW Fully Integrated DVB-H Tuner Chip with Distortion Compensated Variable Gain LNA

A single chip direct conversion DVB-H tuner with a distortion compensated variable gain LNA is implemented in 0.5mum SiGe BiCMOS. The LNA exhibits 0dBm IIP3 and 2.8dB NF at 860MHz. A new offset cancel feedback is introduced that keeps the cutoff frequency independent of the baseband gain. The IC consumes 184mW at 2.8V while achieving a sensitivity of -96dBm for QPSK, CR=1/2 signal
Spatial coherence of laboratory soft-x-ray lasers

Employing a time-dependent model with counterpropagating beams and saturable gain, we calculate the degree of coherence for a range of x-ray lasers. From these results we infer a scaling law that can be used to estimate the degree of coherence of a general class of x-ray lasers.
COP9 regulates intestinal microbial ecology and susceptibility to colitis (MUC4P.839)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has been considered as the dysfunctional interplay between intestinal microbiota, epithelium and the immune system. Located at the heart of this complex interaction, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a crucial role in coordinating commensal bacterial-dependent intestinal homeostasis. Separated from commensal bacteria by mucus layer, the mechanism that IECs confer a stable microbiota remains incompletely understood. Here, we reported that mice with an IEC-specific deletion of one subunit of COP9 signalosome, which regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system, exhibited extreme susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis. Deficiency of one subunit of COP9 resulted in dysfunction of paneth cell and colonic enterocyte, which led to impaired AMP (antimicrobial peptide) production, shifted composition of intestinal microbiota and skewed mucosal immune cells towards a proinflammatory phenotype. Deep sequencing and quantitative PCR analysis of luminal microbiota from proximal colon revealed a significant reduction of the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and increase of segmented filamentous bacteria. Correspondingly, the Th1/Th17 ratio is reversed in colonic lamina propria. Moreover, the susceptibility to colitis was alleviated by continued broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that COP9 signalosome in IEC regulates intestinal homeostasis by modulating the composition of microbiota.
Divergence of allene from methylacetylene oligomerization reactions on reduced TiO2 (001) surfaces

Abstract Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies of allene on reduced TiO 2 (001) surfaces were undertaken to compare the chemistry of allene with simple alkynes (in particular, its isomer methylacetylene). The principal product of the reaction of allene was the hydrogenation product propylene; three dimerization products, dimethylene cyclobutane, benzene, and an open-chain C 6 H 10 dimer, were produced in significantly smaller amounts. Conversion of allene was around 70% on the most active (most highly reduced) surfaces, with propylene production accounting for about two-thirds of the reactant converted on a carbon-content basis. Adsorption of allene was greatest on the most reduced surfaces, and decreased dramatically on less reduced surfaces prepared by prior annealing at 650 K and above. All dimer products were extinguished on surfaces annealed to over 650 K prior to adsorption, while smaller but non-zero amounts of propylene continued to be produced on surfaces annealed in this temperature range. All three dimeric products track the population of Ti( + 2) cations on the surface; this site requirement implies that these reactions involve a surface intermediate whose formation requires a two-electron oxidation of surface cations. A metallacyclopentane intermediate is proposed to account for the formation of allene dimerization products. This intermediate is similar to the metallacyclopentadiene involved in alkyne dimerization and cyclotrimerization on reduced TiO 2 surfaces. Although two of the products (propylene and the C 6 H 10 dimer) from allene TPD are common to methylacetylene also, no formation of trimethylbenzene (nor of any trimer product) was observed from allene, in sharp contrast to the behavior of methylacetylene on reduced TiO 2 surfaces. Except for the novel production of benzene from allene in this study, analogies may be found for the distinct reaction pathways of both allene and methylacetylene in the chemistry of transition metal complexes.
Ubiquitin-specific proteases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer

Key mediators of signaling pathways in breast cancer involve post-translational protein modification, primarily mediated through phosphorylation and ubiquitination. While previous studies focused on phosphorylation events, more recent analysis suggests that ubiquitin plays a parallel and equally important role in several signaling and cell regulatory events in breast cancer. Availability of new tools capable of sensitive detection of gene mutations and aberrant expression of genes and proteins coupled with gene-specific knockdown and silencing protocols have provided insight into the previously unexplored ubiquitin regulatory process within these tumors. Ubiquitin-specific proteases are one class of enzymes with protein deubiquitinating activity, making up the majority of protein deubiquitinating diversity within mammalian cells. Ubiquitin-specific proteases are also emerging as potential therapeutic targets in many diseases, including cancer. In this report, we summarize the involvement of this class of enzymes in breast cancer signaling and cell regulation and illustrate the potential for additional studies to define novel targets and approaches in breast cancer therapy.
Poaceae Genomes: Going from Unattainable to Becoming a Model Clade for Comparative Plant Genomics

Genomics has an immense potential for improving our understanding of critical issues in plant growth and development, some of which can be applied to improvement of crop production. Midway into the second decade of genomics, genome and transcriptome sequencing efforts with the Poaceae are impressive
Comprehensive and sustainable recycling of polymer nanocomposites

A coupled process to recycle the polystyrene (PS) polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) is introduced to synthesize ferromagnetic core@shell Ni@C nanoparticles (NPs) and simultaneously to produce useful chemical radicals or liquid fuels. The PNCs reinforced with core@shell Ni@NiO NPs are prepared by the solvent extraction method. The Ni@NiO NPs are found to have significant catalytic effects on the pyrolysis of PS. The pyrolysis pathway changes from radical generation and β-scission for PS to radical generation, recombination and hydrogenation for the PNCs. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) results confirm the same gas products from pure PS and its Ni@NiO PNCs. However, for the liquid products, more saturated products were obtained from the PNCs than those from pure PS due to the catalytic hydrogenation of the Ni NPs. A significantly large magnetization (25.0 emu g−1), anti-corrosion and high specific surface area (236.68 m2 g−1) were observed in the formed core–shell NPs.
Isometric pointer interfaces for wearable 3D visualization

3D visualizations will soon be important wearable computer applications. However, 3D interaction can be problematic, especially in a wearable computing environment. We evaluated four 3D interaction methods using isometric joysticks common to wearable computing. Subjective and objective results favor a two-handed, aircraft-like interface mapping.
Three pro-nuclei (3PN) incidence factors and clinical outcomes: a retrospective study from the fresh embryo transfer of in vitro fertilization with donor sperm (IVF-D)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the main factors of 3PN incidence and determine whether the presence of 3PN could lead to a worse pregnancy outcome. Methods: This study included 508 IVF-D (in vitro fertilization with donor sperm) cycles from January 2013 to September 2014. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: group 1 included patients with no 3PN zygotes, group 2 included patients with 1%-25% 3PN zygotes and group 3 included patients with > 25% 3PN zygotes. Results: We observed that more retrieved oocytes and higher HCG day peak E2 value could result in 3PN incidence more easily. When the 3PN zygotes rate was > 25%, the percentages of normal fertilization (68.4% and 66.3% and 46.4%, P 25% group than that in the other two groups but there was no significant difference (65.2% and 66.7% and 55.6%, P = 0.266). The cleavage (98.3% and 97.2% and 98.2%, P = 0.063) and early abortion (7.1% and 8.0% and 8.6%, P = 0.930) rate were identical among three groups. Conclusions: More retrieved oocytes and higher HCG day peak E2 value could result in 3PN incidence more easily. Interestingly, normal fertilization rate, day-3 grade I+II embryos rate, day-3 grade I+II+III embryos rate and implantation rate were significantly lower in IVF-D cycles with a 3PN incidence of > 25%. The number of day-3 grade I+II embryos might be a key factor for pregnancy in IVF-D cycles with a 3PN incidence of > 25%.