cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed alpha networks underlie individual differences in memory performance

Episodic memory, our ability to remember specific events, varies considerably across individuals. However, little is known about the neural basis of this variability. To address this issue, we investigated the role of distributed networks of oscillatory activity, as measured through electroencephalography (EEG). We observed that individual differences in alpha network structure reliably predict individual memory capacity. Specifically, individuals whose network profiles during encoding were most different from their resting state networks exhibited greatest subsequent memory performance, suggesting that optimal information processing requires substantial shifts in large-scale oscillatory organization. Furthermore, these results were not observed in circumscribed topographical regions or individual connections, indicating that distributed network approaches were more sensitive to functional processes than more conventional methods. These findings uncover a physiological correlate of individual differences in episodic memory and demonstrate the utility of multivariate EEG techniques to uncover brain-behavior correlates.
Working with Small Ruminant Shows and Sales

Veterinarians can be a valuable resource to youth and livestock producers in presenting healthy, attractive sheep and goats for public display or sale by working with fairs and sales to exclude sheep and goats with contagious diseases and zoonoses, unsightly conditions, and animals otherwise unsuitable for public display. Complete and accurate certificates of veterinary inspection and compliant scrapie identification, consistent pre-show or sale health examinations, and review and assessment of rules and policies to best serve the owners, management, and public are key ways veterinarians can contribute to shows and sales. Exhibition sheep and goats must always be considered food-producing animals rather than companion animals when making medical decisions regarding drug use and medical outcomes. Working directly with youth and the organizing committees to assure safe housing and rules which inform exhibitors and provide a framework for fair and equitable rules of enforcement are key to assuring the satisfaction of livestock exhibitors, show or sale management, and the consumer public.
Dress and Sex: A Review of Empirical Research Involving Human Participants and Published in Refereed Journals

Our research purpose was to assess research addressing relationships between dress and sex. Our review was focused on a 25 years span (i.e., 1990–2015) and on empirical research utilizing human participants published in refereed journals. Three main areas of research emerged: (1) dress used as cue to sexual information, (2) dress and sexual violence, and (3) dress, sex, and objectification. Our analyses revealed parents do invest their young children with sex-typed dress however sometimes children demand to wear such dress. Some women intentionally use dress to communicate sexual information but inferences about women who wear sexy dress can be misinterpreted and are sometimes negative. Observers link wearing sexy dress to violence including sexual coercion, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and unwelcome groping, touching, and grabbing. Certain items of sexy dress that reveal the body have been linked to self-objectification. The fit of the items may also contribute to the body revealing nature of clothing styles that elicit self-objectification. The use of sexual images of women and children has increased over time and viewing such images is also linked to self- and other-objectification. Suggestions are provided for future research.
I Have Never Done Anything Like Others

‘How Long Is the Coast of Britain?’ is the title of a 1967 essay authored by Polishborn mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot (November 20, 1924–October 14, 2010). Think about the question and other queries are bound to occur to you. Just exactly what is to be measured? How is it to be measured? Will the answer have to be an approximation? What accuracy is sought and are there instruments to perform the measurement.
Pathologic Tuft Fracture in a Thumb: A Rare Presentation of Metastatic Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

CASE A 51-year-old woman with a medical history noteworthy for endometrioid ovarian carcinoma presented with progressive left thumb swelling in the absence of trauma or injury. Radiographs revealed a lytic lesion in the distal phalanx. Inflammatory markers and white blood-cell count were mildly elevated. The thumb was amputated at the interphalangeal joint, and pathologic examination identified the lesion as an adenocarcinoma, consistent with the known endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSION The similar presentation of tumor and infection can present a diagnostic challenge. Despite the rare incidence of osseous metastases to the hand, orthopaedic surgeons must consider metastatic bone lesions in patients presenting with swollen or painful fingers.
Engineering and the Citrus Industry

When I was first asked to make this talk about the engineer and the citrus industry, I was horrified at the thought that anyone would get up and try to extol the virtues of their profession in a group so knowledgeable and experienced as you. Nothing but a fool would do this! But I was convinced by your Program Committee members that we should do it, and that I might be able to pull it off — and I will try.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Parents, Privacy, and Facebook: Legal and Social Responses to the Problem of Over-Sharing

This paper examines whether American parents legally violate their children’s privacy rights when they share embarrassing images of their children on social media without their children’s consent. My inquiry is motivated by recent reports that French authorities have warned French parents that they could face fines and imprisonment for such conduct, if their children sue them once their children turn 18. Where French privacy law is grounded in respect for dignity, thereby explaining the French concerns for parental “over-sharing,” I show that there are three major legal roadblocks for such a case to succeed in U.S. law. First, U.S. privacy tort law largely only protects a person’s image where the person has a commercial interest in his or her image. Secondly, privacy tort laws are subject to constitutional constraints respecting the freedom of speech and press. Third, American courts are reluctant to erode parental authority, except in cases where extraordinary threats to children’s welfare exist. I argue that while existing privacy law in the U.S. is inadequate to offer children legal remedy if their parents share their embarrassing images of them without their consent, the dignity-based concerns of the French should not be neglected. I consider a recent proposal to protect children’s privacy by extending to them the “right to be forgotten” online, but I identify problems in this proposal and argue it is not a panacea to the over-sharing problem. I conclude by emphasizing our shared social responsibilities to protect children by teaching them about the importance of respecting one another’s privacy and dignity in the online context, and by setting examples as responsible users of internet technologies.
WANNA BET? CLASSIC BALLCOURT 2 AT NIXTUN-CH'ICH’, PETEN, GUATEMALA

Surface clearing of small Ballcourt 2 at Nixtun-Ch'ich’, constructed atop a Middle Preclassic platform, revealed that the court was built and used in the Late and Terminal Classic periods and into the Postclassic, before and after apparent termination. Recovered artifacts suggest feasting and gambling.
Evidence-Based Medicine in Hand Surgery: Clinical Applications and Future Direction

Evidence-based medicine empowers physicians to systematically analyze published data so as to quickly formulate treatment plans that deliver safe, robust, and cost-effective patient care. In this article, we sample some areas in hand and upper extremity surgery where the evidence base is strong enough that it has or should have unified treatment strategies; we identify some problems where good evidence has failed to unify treatment, and discuss problems for which evidence is still lacking but needed because treatment remains controversial. We also discuss circumstances in which level 4 evidence is more likely than randomized trials to guide treatment.
Wood and wood-based materials

Trees are felled and the branches trimmed off, then the trunks are cross cut into suitable lengths for hauling to the sawmill. At the mill the logs are washed, further cross cut if necessary, and then sawn into timbers or boards. The boards are sorted, graded and dried. After drying and inspection, boards are further dressed as required into finished lumber.
Confirmations of ‘life’ in a Phenomenology of Poetic Images

Throughout the Platonic, rationalist, and empiricist traditions in philosophy, art and poetry have been relegated to a position either excluded from, or subordinate to, the highest of human aspirations. Until recently (and perhaps even now), in the ‘‘ancient quarrel between philosophy and poetry’’ to which Plato referred in the Republic, philosophy has predominated, in its attempt to free thought from rhetoric and from the unreflective influence of the senses. The inheritance of the Platonic view – despite its complexities, and the oft-pointed out literary quality of Plato’s own writings – has survived in some dominant strains of contemporary philosophy, where aesthetics is a secondary operation of epistemology, metaphysics, or semiotics, or where it is as ripe for deconstruction as any other set of cultural signs. One scholar notes that despite the ubiquity of efforts at defining aesthetic criteria, ‘‘aesthetics today is at a loss for words . . . a loss of understanding and a dearth of strategies for understanding artistic practice. . . . Aesthetics has lost its sense of how to read a text, how to interpret a painting, how to experience a poem.’’1 From one perspective, Anglo-American aesthetics has suffered most from the absence of a fundamental theory of aesthetic practice and experience, despite the carefulness of its arguments about criteria for beauty, its debates, particularly in the light of contemporary art, for ontological criteria for the art-object, or its understanding of art institutions and their role in our appreciation of art. In all of these cases, art remains a privileged object for observation, but is subordinate to a philosophy itself wholly undetermined by the aesthetic; and it lacks a sensitivity to the more profound connections between art and life. One notable exception remains Dewey’s classic work, Art as Experience, where aesthetic experience is regarded as a culmination or consummation of experience as such; aesthetic experience, he writes, ‘‘is experience in its integrity,’’ it is ‘‘pure experience . . . freed from the forces that impede and confuse its development as experience; freed, that is, from factors that subordinate an experience as it is directly had to something beyond itself.’’ Art and poetry unify the elements of experience – doing and undergoing, perceiving and making, matter and method – thus correcting the haphazardness or one-sidedness of other kinds of human endeavors. For this reason, Dewey claims, it is
The Wiener Kreis in America

The migration of a philosophical movement from Central Europe to America is the topic of this essay. Since I am not a trained historian, and since the data available to me are rather incomplete and uneven, I decided to write the story in a somewhat impressionistic manner. This, of course, involves in part an autobiographical perspective. Although I realize that I am a minor figure in the development of Logical Empiricism, I have known fairly intimately many of the major figures, and have been in more or less continual contact with most of them. I trust that my procedure of presentation — necessitated by unavoidable circumstances — will not be regarded as presumptuous. In extenuation I can only mention that I was (after Schlick’s brief visits) the first ‘propagandist’ of our outlook in the United States. I also happened to be, in 1930, the first of the group to enter the United States with an immigrant visa, and the first to acquire U. S. citizenship by naturalization, in 1937. Moreover, my friend Albert E. Blumberg and I were the ones who provided, in 1931, our philosophical movement with its international trade name, ‘Logical Positivism.’ For reasons to be sketched briefly later in this essay, most of us have preferred the label ‘Logical Empiricism’ or ‘Scientific Empiricism’ ever since about 1936.
Data With Passion and Purpose: A Public Health of Consequence, September 2018.

The authors discuss the application of public health research to real world solutions. The mention the need to advance knowledge and make it applicable to public health, the use of Pasteur's quadrant to examine medical innovations and their use, and the importance of accepting information from other disciplines.
Emotional Labor Beyond the Frontlines: Work Settings, Interactions, and Coping Strategies

Emotional labor theories and studies have focused on identifying the nature of emotion work and related consequences in frontline or crisis response. We extend theory development by considering tha...
The development of multiscale models for predicting the mechanical response of GNP reinforced composite plate

Abstract A multiscale analysis was developed for the evaluation of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/carbon fiber/epoxy materials and the laminated composite plate. Computational molecular dynamic and micromechanics were utilized in the modeling and simulation of the material systems to characterize their elastic behavior when subjected to thermo-mechanical loadings. In this investigation, the approach for analyzing the structures of graphene/carbon fiber/epoxy composite at various length scales was documented. The methodology employed for evaluating the thermomechanical loadings was also specified. The predicted results at various length scales showed that the addition of GNP into the material system does not only increase the elastic moduli of the material at evaluated temperatures, but it also improves the mechanical integrity of the laminated composite plates.
The Canadian Constitution and the World

This chapter examines the influence of elements of Canada’s constitutional model abroad, in three areas: (1) the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as an innovative way to institutionalize the relationship among legislatures, executives, and courts with respect to the enforcement of a constitutional bill of rights, as justified by “dialogue theory”, that contrasts starkly with its leading alternatives, the American and German systems of judicial supremacy; (2) Canada’s plurinational federalism as a strategy to accommodate minority nationalism and dampen the demand for secession and independence within the context of a single state, by divorcing the equation of state and nation; and (3) the complex interplay between a constitutional bill of rights and minority nation-building, as reflected in the constitutional politics surrounding the recognition of Quebec’s distinctiveness, and the role of the Supreme Court of Canada in adjudicating constitutional conflicts over official language policy arising out of Quebec.
Increased Postoperative Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Movement in Patients With Anterior Oral Cancer

Anterior bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) and its contact with the base of the tongue (BOT) is an essential element of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing. Postoperative changes in the...
Variation in Motivational Appeals to Survey Completion: Lessons from a Randomized Experiment with Teachers

Sample attrition increases the risk of statistical bias and hinders the ability to plausibly estimate causal effects when patterns of nonresponse are correlated with key variables of interest. Draw...
Virtual Machines: Nonreductionist Bridges Between the Functional and the Physical

Various notions of supervenience have been proposed as a solution to the “mind–body problem” to account for the dependence of mental states on their realizing physical states. In this chapter, we view the mind–body problem as an instance of the more general problem of how a virtual machine (VM) can be implemented in other virtual or physical machines. We propose a formal framework for defining virtual machine architectures and how they are composed of interacting functional units. The aim is to define a rich notion of implementation that can ultimately show how virtual machines defined in different ontologies can be related by way of implementing one virtual machine in another virtual (or physical) machine without requiring that the ontology in which the implemented VM is defined to be reducible to the ontology of the implementing VM.
Entre a mão pensante e os olhos da pele: estética pragmatista e arquitetura

The built world, the architectural world, is, as John Dewey put it, “supremely expressive of human interests and values,” influencing the future, but also recording and conveying the past. It “records and celebrates more than any other art the generic features of our common human life.” Buildings, he writes, among all art objects come the nearest to “expressing the stability and endurance of existence. They are to mountains what music is to the sea.” I sketch some novel links between a pragmatist experiential aesthetics and the rich work of the Finnish philosophically sophisticated practicing architect, Juhani Pallasmaa. In his The Eyes of the Skin Pallasmaa takes up the theme of ‘architecture and the senses’ and fleshes out in the case of architecture a central Deweyan claim: the built world should be held to the measure of how well it is so constructed that we are activated on all these levels of our bodily being. Pallasmaa gives an architect’s ‘take’ on this with the help of different, yet complementary, philosophical tools. In The Thinking Hand he focuses on the heuristic fertility and exemplificational value of the ‘handed’ or ‘hand-guided’ processes involved in the creative design of the built world as opposed to privileged use of the computer. Pallasmaa sees the thinking hand as a kind of mediating device overcoming the divide, which Dewey also wanted to do, between the shaping and the automatic arts, allowing a central role for body-based imagination. Pallasmaa’s focus on the haptic dimension of perception and the ‘thinking hand’ is, like Dewey’s focus on “total organic resonance,” not just descriptive but normative. Their analyses and concepts are of universal relevance for our understanding not just architecture but the aesthetic dimension of life quite generally.
Long Term Survival after ASCT for AML: Multivariate Analysis Shows Adverse Effect of Collecting and Infusing Larger Numbers of CD 34 Positive Cells.

INTRODUCTION: The major cause of failure after ASCT for AML in 1st remission is relapse. The collection/ infusion of more CD 34 + cells results in earlier engraftment, but its effect on relapse rates is unknown. METHODS: Between 2/95 and 9/03, 87 patients with AML in 1st CR underwent ASCT on two sequential IRB-approved trials. Patients with APL, high-risk cytogenetics, or intermediate-risk cytogenetics and a sibling donor were preferentially treated on alternative protocols. Patients received two cycles of ara C (3 g/m2/12h x 8) and idarubicin 12mg/m2/d x 3 (one cycle ara C 2g/m2/12h x 8 if age 55–60). (Nine patients did not receive idarubicin).The 2nd cycle, followed by GCSF 10ug/kg, served as mobilization. All collected cells were infused. Conditioning utilized TBI/VP-16/cyclophosphamide (n = 47) or (AUC-targeted) busulfan/TBI/VP-16 (n = 40). Remission status (morphology; flow cytometry; normal cytogenetics) was confirmed in bone marrow samples prior to mobilization. RESULTS: 5- year survival rates were 72% (95% CI 62–81%) overall and 68% (95% CI 56–77%) event-free (figure). Mobilization yielded 4.07 x 106 CD 34+ cells/kg ( median; range 1.1– 45.08 x 106). Engraftment to ANC 500/ul occurred at 11 days ( median; range 8–22), and to (non-transfused) platelet count of 20,000/ul at 22 days ( median; range 7–183). In multivariable Cox regression analysis (model fit p-value 0.0007), earlier engraftment was associated with high versus standard dose ara C induction (1.77 times faster; p = 0.02), and graft CD 34+ cell content (1.06 times faster per 106 /kg; p = 0.001). By multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression, (model fit p-value = 0.01) the number of CD 34+ cells collected/ infused and the time between remission and consolidation were both predictive of shorter event-free survival. An increase of 106 in the number of CD34+ cells was associated with a 1.06 factor increase in the probability of death or relapse (95% CI 1, 1.11, p = 0.04). Each month’s delay between remission and consolidation increased the probability of death or relapse by a factor of 1.22 (95% CI 1.02, 1.47, p = 0.03). The leukocyte count at diagnosis was associated with longer event-free survival (0.98 times per 1000 cells/ul), (95% CI 0.96, 1.00, p = 0.05). Age, sex, the presence of extramedullary disease, FAB subtype, cytogenetic risk group, type (high versus conventional dose ara-C) and number of induction cycles, use of idarubicin in consolidation, conditioning regimen, and IL-2 administration after transplant were not correlated with survival or event-free survival. CONCLUSION: In this study, the collection and infusion of more CD 34+ cells resulted in shortened relapse-free survival, despite an initial favorable impact on engraftment times. Longer time between remission and consolidation also adversely influenced relapse-free survival. ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
Using high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the metabolomic profile of fat-poor angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma.

711Background: Fat-poor angiomyolipoma (AML) can be difficult to differentiate from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) radiographically and may lead to biopsy or unnecessary intervention. In vivoplatforms ...
Diurnal Variation and Nursing Perspectives in Analgesic and Sedation Medication Administration to Mechanically Ventilated Children in a Single Pediatric ICU.

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there was diurnal variation in the amount of analgesic and sedation medication administered to mechanically ventilated children in a single pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The secondary objective was to evaluate nursing attitudes and practices regarding administration of these medications. This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a single PICU. There were 46 mechanical ventilation courses included (305 paired day–night shifts). There was no significant diurnal variation found in the amount of analgesics and sedatives administered to mechanically ventilated patients. However, the reasons for administration differed between day and night shifts.
Colonic Conditions: Locally Advanced Colon Cancer

Locally advanced colon cancers represent a small, but distinct subset of colorectal neoplasms. The American Joint Committee on Cancer Eighth Edition (Weiser, MR. AJCC 8th Edition: 2018) Staging Manual defines “locally advanced” colon cancers as those that either invade the visceral peritoneum (T4a) or those that invade adjacent structures (T4b). Although both subsets are thought to be “high risk” for local recurrence, the recurrence patterns are suspected to be different, with T4a tumors at higher risk for disseminated intraperitoneal spread, and T4b neoplasms at risk for in situ, localized recurrence or persistence. Both categories do require consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy even if node negative, but those that invade adjacent structures create special technical challenges that require accurate preoperative localization of invaded structures when possible, identification of participating multispecialty teams, and consideration of nonstandard uses of chemotherapy and radiation in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. Approaching these tumors with intent-to-cure is possible. Premeditation of local involvement is important, sets patient and provider expectations, and may improve opportunities for R0 resection.
Testing perceptions of organizational apologies after a data breach crisis

Abstract This study used an experimental design (N = 1,630) to test stakeholder reactions to four apology elements in two data breach scenarios. All four elements, expressing remorse, acknowledging responsibility, promising forbearance, and offering reparations contributed to participants’ perception that the organization had apologized. In a high blame scenario, remorse and forbearance were even more important. Surprisingly, acknowledging responsibility did not have a significant effect on organizational reputation, future purchase intention, or negative word of mouth intentions.
Historical and Contemporary Approaches to the Popular Arts

Mass-produced original paintings are placed within their historical framework (pictorial decorations in Medieval churches aimed at the masses; the Industrial Revolution; and the Works Progress Administration [WPA]); in contemporary studies in sociology (the artistic preferences of omnivores and univores; high- and low-brow taste cultures; Gans, Bourdieu); and in psychology (sentimental art). The relative neglect of popular paintings in psychology and cultural studies is noted.
Developing and Maintaining Practical Archives, 3rd Edition: by Gregory S. Hunter, Chicago, IL, ALA Neal-Schuman, 2020, 529 pp., $85.00 (E-book), ISBN 978-0-8389-1277-5; ISBN 978-0-8389-4727-2. A How-to-Do-It Manual.

After wrapping up a six year stretch as editor of The American Archivist and assisting with the development of the Electric Records Archives (ERA), author/archivist Gregory S. Hunter has completed ...
Introduction: The Oxford Handbook of the New Private Law

“Private law” embraces the traditional common law subjects (property, contracts, and torts), as well as adjacent more statutory areas such as intellectual property and commercial law. It also includes important areas that have been neglected in the United States but are beginning to make a comeback. These include unjust enrichment, restitution, equity, and remedies more generally. “Private law” can also mean private law as a whole, which invites consideration of issues such as the public-private distinction, the similarities and differences between the various areas of private law, and the institutional framework supporting private law – including courts, arbitrators, and even custom. The New Private Law is an approach to these subjects that aims to reinvigorate the study of private law by moving beyond reductively instrumentalist policy evaluation and narrow, rule-by-rule, doctrine-by-doctrine analysis, so as to consider and capture how private law’s various features fit and work together, as well as the normative underpinnings of these larger structures. This movement has begun resuscitating the notion of private law itself in the United States and has brought an interdisciplinary perspective to the more traditional, doctrinal approach prevalent in Commonwealth countries. The Handbook embraces a broad range of perspectives to private law – including philosophical, economic, historical, psychological, to name a few – yet it offers a unifying theme of seriousness about the structure and content of private law. This Introduction introduces the New Private Law and briefly summarizes the chapters in the volume.
Taking Stock of Antidumping, Safeguards and Countervailing Duties, 1990-2009: ANTIDUMPING, SAFEGUARDS, COUNTERVAILING DUTIES: 1990-2009

This article examines the evolving, cross‐country use of antidumping, safeguard and countervailing duty policies – temporary trade barriers (TTBs) – over the period 1990–2009. I construct two new measures of imported products subject to the combined use of these TTBs before applying these measures to new data drawn from the World Bank’s Temporary Trade Barriers Database. I then establish a number of facts regarding trends in historical use to benchmark against policy activity during the global economic crisis of 2008–09. The 2008–09 economic shock mostly accentuates patterns and trends already visible in the precrisis data: e.g., while the major users of such policies overall combined to increase the product lines subject to TTBs by 25 per cent during the crisis, this was driven almost entirely by developing economies which increased their product coverage by 40 per cent. Perhaps surprisingly, recession‐affected high‐income economies increased their stock of product coverage by only 5 per cent during the crisis, a muted policy response consistent with earlier trends in which major developed economies like the United States and EU reduced the stock of imported products they subject to TTBs to 2007 levels that were only 50 per cent as high as their within‐period peak. Furthermore, a previously unidentified feature of the data is that a much larger share of China’s exported products to other developing economies is subject to foreign‐imposed antidumping than its exports to developed economies. The evidence confirms this feature is shared by a number of other major developing economy exporters, deepening concern that these discriminatory trade barriers are increasingly a ‘South–South’ phenomenon. Finally, I also clarify emerging trends in countervailing duty (anti‐subsidy) use across countries.
"Hey, Have You Been Tested?" The Influence of Comprehensive or Abstinence-Only Sexuality Education on Safer Sex Communication and Behavior.

This study explored how sexuality education relates to young and emerging adults’ sexual behavior and communication. A questionnaire measured 140 U.S. participants’ (18–28) school-based sexuality e...
Fault Diagnosis for Power Transformer Mainly Based on Power-on State Variables

The current synthetic diagnostic methods for power transformer using a variety of state variables have been widely studied and applied. These methods can increase the accuracy of diagnosis, but they need more poweroff state variables and longer power-off time and is of lower diagnostic efficiency. This paper presents a two-step diagnostic method mainly based on power-on state variables, consisting of primary diagnosis and precise diagnosis.In primary diagnosis step, only power-on state variables of transformer in service are used to divide faults into thermal fault, electric fault, moisture or contamination fault, and deformation fault. In precise diagnosis stage, some useful and necessary power-off state variables are selected according to the primary diagnostic results to confirm exact fault type and position by making use of rough set theory and failure mechanism of transformer. Compared with the current diagnostic methods, the present fault diagnostic method shortens outage time and improves the efficiency of diagnosis. In addition, a diagnosis case verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the present method.
The Longitudinal Dimension of Social-Mediated Movements: Hidden Brokerage and the Unsung Tales of Movement Spilloverers:

This study traces the retweet networks among a group of movement spilloverers spanning across five social-mediated movements (i.e., People’s Climate March, Women’s March, #GrabYourWallet, March for...
NH2-terminal sequences of mammalian plasminogens and plasmin S-carboxymethyl heavy (A) and light (B) chain derivatives. A re-evaluation of the mechanism of activation of plasminogen.

Abstract The NH2-terminal 12-residue sequences of human and rabbit plasminogens were determined to be Glu-Pro-Leu-Asp-Asp-Tyr-Val-Asn-X-Gln-Gly-Ala-. The cat plasminogen 12-residue sequence differed only in the 1st residue, in which aspartic acid replaced glutamic acid. The bovine plasminogen NH2-terminal 7-residue sequence was determined to be Asp-Leu-Leu-Asp-Asp-Tyr-Val-. The NH2-terminal residue of dog plasminogen is blocked since the protein could not be sequenced. The NH2-terminal 5-residue sequences of the isolated S-carboxymethyl heavy (A) chain derivatives of cat, dog, rabbit, and bovine plasmins (urokinase-activated) were determined and found to be homologous with each other and with the human S-carboxymethyl heavy (A) chain 5-residue sequence. These NH2-terminal sequences were different from those found in the five mammalian zymogens studied, indicating a specific cleavage at the NH2-terminal end of each zymogen during activation at apparently the same position in the peptide chain. These sequences are also homologous with the human Lys-plasminogen NH2-terminal sequence. The NH2-terminal 21-residue sequences of the isolated S-carboxymethyl light (B) chain derivatives of cat, dog, rabbit, and bovine plasmins (urokinase-activated) were determined and found to be homologous with each other and with a previously reported human S-carboxymethyl light (B) chain 20-residue sequence (Robbins, K. C., Bernabe, P., Arzadon, L., and Summaria, L. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 6757–6762). The human NH2-terminal 21-residue sequence was determined to be Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Cys-Val-Ala-His-Pro-His-Ser-Trp-Pro-Trp-Gln-Val-Val-Leu-Leu-Arg-Arg-. The 5th residue previously reported as glutamine is incorrect and is cysteine in all the sequences. This cysteine is part of the hinge disulfide bond connecting the heavy (A) and light (B) chains of human plasmin. The evolutionary changes in this portion of the molecule appear to be in the pairs of basic residues at positions 8 and 10, and 20 and 21, and in the pairs of neutral residues at positions 16 and 17. The replacement of serine at the 17th residue of bovine light (B) chain is a rather significant evolutionary change which could be related to the activator binding site in bovine plasminogen for streptokinase. The mechanism of activation of plasminogen to plasmin by urokinase involves two specific peptide bond cleavages instead of one previously reported by us for the activation of human Lys-plasminogen (Robbins, K. C., Summaria, L., Hsieh, B., and Shah, R. J. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 2333–2342). The specific cleavage of the sensitive arginyl-valine peptide bond in the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule to give the two-chain plasmin molecule and the specific cleavage of an X-arginyl, or X-lysyl, peptide bond in the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule are the two principal events which occur during activation of the zymogen. The latter event apparently results in the release of a peptide.
Preserved arterial vasodilatation via endothelial protease-activated receptor-2 in obese type 2 diabetic mice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In non-obese diabetic animals, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) agonists are more effective vasodilators, which is attributed to increased COX-2 and endothelial NOS (eNOS) activities. Under conditions of diabetes and obesity, the effectiveness of PAR2 agonists is unknown. We compared the vasodilator responses of small calibre mesenteric arteries from obese diabetic B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (db/db) induced by PAR2-activating agonists 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2fly) and trypsin to those obtained in controls [C57BL/6J (C57)], and assessed the contributions of COX, NOS and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) to these responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Arteries mounted in wire myographs under isometric tension conditions were contracted submaximally by U46619 then exposed to vasodilators. mRNA and protein expression of PAR2, eNOS and soluble GC (sGC) were determined by real-time PCR and Western blots. KEY RESULTS ACh- and nitroprusside-induced relaxations were attenuated in db/db compared with C57. In contrast, 2fly- and trypsin-induced relaxations were largely retained in db/db. A NOS inhibitor partly inhibited ACh- and 2fly-induced relaxations in C57, but not those in db/db. Inhibitors of the COX-cAMP pathway (FR122044, SC560, NS398, SC58125, SQ22536, CAY10441) did not affect these relaxation responses in either strain. Charybdotoxin (BKCa, SK3.1 blocker), but not iberiotoxin (BKCa blocker), inhibited responses to the PAR2 agonists in db/db. In db/db protein levels of eNOS were higher, whereas those of sGC were lower than in C57. PAR2 mRNA expression in db/db was higher than in C57. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PAR2-mediated vasodilatation is protected against the negative effects of obesity and diabetes in mice. In diabetic vascular dysfunction, preserved PAR2 vasodilatation was linked to activation of SK3.1.
Singular blocks of parabolic category O and finite W-algebras

Abstract We show that each integral infinitesimal block of parabolic category O (including singular ones) for a semi-simple Lie algebra can be realized as a full subcategory of a modified category O over a finite W-algebra for the same Lie algebra. The nilpotent used to construct this finite W-algebra is determined by the central character of the block, and the subcategory taken is that killed by a particular two-sided ideal depending on the original parabolic. The equivalences in question are induced by those defined by Milicic–Soergel and Losev. We also give a proof of a result of some independent interest: the singular blocks of parabolic category O can be geometrically realized as “partial Whittaker sheaves” on partial flag varieties.
DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: IMPLICATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EVIDENCE FOR CHILE

The determinants of economic growth and investment are analyzed in a panel of around 100 countries observed from 1960 to 1995. The data reveal a pattern of conditional convergence in the sense that the growth rate of per capita GDP is inversely related to the starting level of per capita GDP, holding fixed measures of government policies and institutions and the character of the national population. Application of the results to Chile reveal a predicted growth rate for per capita GDP from 1996 to 2006 of 3.0% per year, compared to a sample average of 1.6%. The high growth forecast for Chile reflects particularly relatively low government consumption , high rule of law and investment , and a low fertility rate. Levels of schooling and inflation and the extent of international openness are roughly average in Chile and therefore do not explain the growthrate differential. The convergence force is negative because Chile is relatively rich in this broad sample.
Mechanics of Continua-A Brief Review

The objective of this chapter is to review the major principles of continuum mechanics and to record the governing equations for future reference. It is well-known that the equations of continuum mechanics fall into four basic categories: 1) kinematics, 2) kinetics and the mechanical balance laws, 3) thermodynamics, and 4) constitution. Kinematics, of course, is a study of the geometry of motion and deformation without regard to the agents which caused them, and by kinetics we mean the collection of mechanical ideas that includes the notion of force and stress, plus the axioms of physics which have to do with conservation of mass and balances of momenta. The thermodynamics of continua gives us global laws very important to the development of a variational theory for problems in mechanics, and the equations of constitution, of course, involve relations between the kinematic variables (or temperatures) and their duals, and define the constitution of the material under study.
Job Satisfaction in Dual-Career Women at Three Family Life Cycle Stages:

Marital Satisfaction, Adaptability and Cohesion were analyzed as predictors of Job Satisfaction for dual-career women (n = 197) at Early, Middle, and Late life cycle stages. Assessments used were the Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory (CASI), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II (FACES II). Cohesion in the Early life cycle and Adaptability in the Late life cycle were found to be significant predictors (p = < .05) of Job Satisfaction. Increased satisfaction was also shown as the three life cycle stages progressed.
Multiple crossings of a large glacial river by Canada Lynx ( Lynx canadensis )

Rivers may act as barriers to the movement of terrestrial mammals, which could limit dispersal and gene flow. Glacial rivers are particularly hazardous because of the cold water temperature and swift current. Yet, we determined that 2 Canada Lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) equipped with GPS collars repeatedly swam across the main channel of the Tanana River in interior Alaska in 2011 as late in the season as November, when the average minimum daily air temperature was −27°C. These observations are consistent with the low level of genetic structure observed in Canada Lynx in northwestern North America and suggest that even large rivers may pose less of a barrier to movement by Canada Lynx than expected.
A Personalized Approach to the Teaching of Literature at the Elementary and Intermediate Levels of Instruction

The development of linguistic skills and literary appreciation are common goals in many language courses. The techniques used in these courses, however, often do not take into account the students' personal reactions, their linguistic limitations, and their lack of critical or analytical skill. The personalized approach presented in this article takes into account both the author's intentions and the students' interests and linguistic level. The levels of analysis presented are: (1) engagement or involvement—students express personal feelings about the literary work, its characters or events; (2) interpretations—students justify motives, find evidence to support generalizations, solve problems, and make predictions; and (3) evaluation—students judge the quality, worth, and significance of all or part of a literary work. Classroom activities of varying linguistic difficulty (e.g. ranking, agree/disagree statements, completion items, direct question, and roleplaying formats) provide ways for students to develop these analytic skills.
Incremental procedures for partitioning highly intermixed multi-class datasets into hyper-spherical and hyper-ellipsoidal clusters

Two procedures for partitioning large collections of highly intermixed datasets of different classes into a number of hyper-spherical or hyper-ellipsoidal clusters are presented. The incremental procedures are to generate a minimum numbers of hyper-spherical or hyper-ellipsoidal clusters with each cluster containing a maximum number of data points of the same class. The procedures extend the move-to-front algorithms originally designed for construction of minimum sized enclosing balls or ellipsoids for dataset of a single class. The resulting clusters of the dataset can be used for data modeling, outlier detection, discrimination analysis, and knowledge discovery.
Airway responses to 2.0 ppm nitrogen dioxide in normal subjects.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common indoor air pollutant. To characterize the acute respiratory responses to this gas, 18 nonsmoking normal subjects (mean age +/- standard deviation [SD] = 25 +/- 4 yr) were exposed to filtered air or 2 ppm NO2 gas for 1 hr in a 30-m3 environmental chamber on different days, typically 1 wk apart, in a double-blind randomized fashion. Lung function tests included forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, partial expiratory flow at 40% of vital capacity (Vp40), functional residual capacity, and specific airway conductance, and were measured before and after exposure. Airway reactivity to methacholine inhalation was determined within 45 min of each exposure. The dose of methacholine in mg/ml to cause a 40% decrease in specific airway conductance (PD40) was measured. Airway reactivity to methacholine aerosol increased significantly after NO2, which is shown by a decrease in the concentration of methacholine; PD40 (AIR) = 101 +/- 44, PD40 (NO2) = 81 +/- 45 mg/ml, p = .003. No significant changes were noted in the lung function tests after NO2 exposure. These findings indicate that normal nonsmokers exposed to 2.0 ppm NO2 for 1 hr develop an increase in airway reactivity to methacholine aerosol, which is not associated with changes in lung volumes, flow rates, or respiratory symptoms.
Soft-x-ray laser interferometry of a plasma with a tabletop laser and a Lloyd's mirror.

Interferometry using optical lasers is a powerful technique for the diagnostics of plasmas that provides time-resolved two-dimensional maps of the electron density. However, free‐free absorption and refraction of the probe beam limit the maximum electron density, plasma size, and plasma density gradients that can be probed with optical wavelengths. The development of soft-x-ray lasers has opened the possibility of extending plasma interferometry to shorter wavelengths, significantly expanding the range of plasma parameters that can be probed. Recently, a 15.5-nm Ne-like Y laser pumped by the Nova laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories was used in combination with a skewed Mach‐Zehnder interferometer to probe very high-density laser-created plasmas. 1,2 The amplitude-division interferometer used in those pioneering experiments was implemented by use of thin multilayer beam splitters and multilayer-coated mirrors developed for that wavelength. The advent of gain-saturated discharge-pumped tabletop soft-x-ray lasers 3,4 and the development of several saturated 5 or nearly saturated 6,7 soft-x-ray lasers pumped by relatively compact optical lasers will allow the probing of a great variety of dense plasmas. However, multilayer beam splitters cannot be developed for the wavelengths corresponding to some of these lasers at present, owing to the lack of materials with adequate optical constants. Alternatively, amplitude-division interferometers based on diffraction gratings 8 and wavefront-division interferometers 9,10 have been discussed.
Structures of Human Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthases

Mammals produce three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). The overproduction of NO by nNOS is associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, a desirable therapeutic goal is the design of drugs that target nNOS but not the other isoforms. Crystallography, coupled with computational approaches and medicinal chemistry, has played a critical role in developing highly selective nNOS inhibitors that exhibit exceptional neuroprotective properties. For historic reasons, crystallography has focused on rat nNOS and bovine eNOS because these were available in high quality; thus, their structures have been used in structure–activity–relationship studies. Although these constitutive NOSs share more than 90% sequence identity across mammalian species for each NOS isoform, inhibitor-binding studies revealed that subtle differences near the heme active site in the same NOS isoform across species still impact enzyme–inhibitor interactions. Therefore, structures of the human constitutive NOSs are indispensible. Here, the first structure of human neuronal NOS at 2.03 A resolution is reported and a different crystal form of human endothelial NOS is reported at 1.73 A resolution.
Characterization of EcoRI mutation in fucosidosis patients: A stop codon in the open reading frame

Recently, a subset of fucosicosis patients was identified in which the single EcoRI site in the open reading frame of the human cDNA encoding α-l-fucosidase was obliterated. We have employed the polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify α-l-fucosidase DNA from the five patients known to carry the EcoRI abnormality as well as four patients and two additional fucosidosis patients who do not carry the EcoRI abnormality. Sequence analysis of the amplified DNA has determined that the EcoRI site was destroyed by a C-T transition in the last position of the EcoRI site. This single base change results in the generation of a stop codon 120 base pairs upstream of the normal stop codon. In addition, we have determined that EcoRI cleavage of amplified DNA may be a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of heterozygotes and in prenatal diagnosis of fetuses at risk for this disease.
Process Development for Purification of Therapeutic Antisense Oligonucleotides by Anion-Exchange Chromatography

This article describes the development of an anion-exchange chromatography method for purification of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides. A variety of operating conditions were studied and...