cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Wrong Side Out With(out) God: An Autopsy of the Body Without Organs

While the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of ‘body without organs’ (BwO) is developed alongside their critique of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, it is also developed alongside their critique of C...
Do patients judge success of treatment and patient acceptable symptom state based on current self-reported health status?

Background: Value-based care models call for better interpretation of patient-reported outcomes. Patients may reference health status differently when appraising if an intervention was successful versus if their current state is acceptable. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between success of treatment (SOT), patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and PROMIS measure T-scores, following a single primary care physical therapy encounter. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Ninety-two patients with musculoskeletal complaints were administered standard SOT and PASS questions, and PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Self-Efficacy for Managing Symptoms measures. Association of PASS and SOT was determined using rank biserial correlation and chi-squared analysis. Accuracy of PROMIS T-scores to discriminate PASS and SOT was determined through receiver-operator curve analysis and likelihood ratios. Results: There was significant association between PASS and SOT (r=.393, p 0.70 (accuracy 76.1%). Conclusion: PASS was more strongly associated with health status than SOT. Patients make a meaningful distinction between these two questions. Accurate clinician interpretation of PASS, SOT, and PROMIS T-scores can allow more targeted goal setting and treatment decision making.
The U.S. High-Performance Computing Consortium in the Fight Against COVID-19

U.S. computing leaders, including Department of Energy National Laboratories, have partnered with universities, government agencies, and the private sector to research responses to COVID-19, providing an unprecedented collection of resources that include some of the fastest computers in the world. For HPC users, these leadership machines will drive the AI to accelerate the discovery of promising treatments, enable at-scale simulations to understand the virus's protein structure and attack mechanisms, and help inform policymakers to deploy resources effectively.
Improved readability and functions needed for mHealth apps targeting patients with heart failure: An app store review

To maintain their quality of life and avoid hospitalization and early mortality, patients with heart failure must recognize and respond to symptoms of exacerbation. A promising method for engaging patients in their self-care is through mobile health applications (mHealth apps). However, for mHealth to have its greatest chance for improving patient outcomes, the app content must be readable, provide useful functions and be based in evidence. The study aimed to determine: (1) readability, (2) types of functions, and (3) linkage to authoritative sources of evidence for self-care focused mHealth apps targeting heart failure patients that are available in the Apple and Google Play Stores. We systematically searched for mHealth apps targeting patients with heart failure in the Apple and Google Play Stores and applied selection criteria. Readability of randomly selected informational paragraphs were determined using Flesch-Kincaid grade level test tool in Microsoft Word. Ten mHealth apps met our criteria. Only one had a reading grade level at or below the recommended 6th grade reading level (average 9.35). The most common functions were tracking, clinical data feedback, and non-data-based reminders and alerts. Only three had statements that clearly linked the mHealth app content to trustworthy, evidence-based sources. Only two had interoperability with the electronic health record and only one had a communication feature with clinicians. Future mHealth designs that are tailored to patients' literacy level and have advanced functions may hold greater potential for improving patient outcomes.
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid premaxilla from the basal sandstone of the Hell Creek Formation, Montana

A well-preserved large chasmosaurine ceratopsid premaxilla (MOR 1122 7-22-00-1) collected from the basal sandstone of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (HCF) represents one of the stratigraphically lowest ceratopsid occurrences in the formation. The specimen was discovered in 2000, during the excavation of a large Torosaurus latus skull (MOR 1122) which was later hypothesized to represent an advanced growth stage of the more commonly recovered HCF ceratopsid Triceratops. MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 compares favorably with the incomplete premaxillae of the MOR 1122 skull and reveals details of premaxilla morphology from this stratigraphic zone. It preserves large, closely spaced ventromedial foramina, a narrow triangular process, and a thin septal flange at the base of the narial strut. The nasal process is narrow, caudally inclined and has a forked dorsal surface which appears to represent an intermediate between the morphology expressed in the slightly stratigraphically lower ceratopsid Eotriceratops xerinsularis from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta and specimens recovered higher in the HCF. MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 expresses a deep recess extending medial to the strut of the triangular process, a feature shared with other HCF ceratopsid specimens but not Eotriceratops or other earlier occurring triceratopsin taxa. The morphology of MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 is consistent with noted stratigraphic trends in HCF ceratopsids and highlights the increased complexity of the narial region in uppermost Cretaceous triceratopsins.
Disaggregating Corporate Liability: Japanese Multinationals and World War II

The past two decades have witnessed unprecedented attention to corporate legal liability for human rights abuses. Yet the supporting jurisprudence is relatively thin. Scholars generally agree that corporations can incur legal liability for serious violations of international human rights law. But courts find any number of ways to avoid such a result. This Article finds qualified support for an emergent norm of corporate civil liability from recent litigation in Japan. Specifically, the transnational war reparations litigation of the past three decades has yielded a consistent jurisprudence of qualified liability. Courts detail the abuses committed by Japan's largest multinational corporations, and find them illegal under applicable law. But they ultimately avoid liability by accepting one or more affirmative defenses. These cases provide legal theories that other jurisdictions may wish to consider in reviewing corporate legal liability. It also informs debate about the ongoing project of World War II reparations, and the relationship between states and corporations in remediating human rights violations
Modification of the Wiebe function for methane-air and oxy-methane- based spark-ignition engines

Abstract Predictive combustion models assess engine performance for given setpoints by determining the rate of heat release that is governed by the fuel mass burned. Often, simple mathematical functions such as the Wiebe function are used in simulations to provide mass fraction burned values at each integrated step. Despite its popularity, a limitation of the Wiebe function is that it generally does not take operating conditions into account. Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive Wiebe function that can be scaled for a given fuel and run-time conditions. Here, this is accomplished for methane-air combustion in a spark-ignition (SI) engine. A linear regression analysis was used to fit the adaptive Wiebe model to experimental data with an average R2 value of 0.965. The scaling process was expanded to include oxy-methane combustion for specialized SI applications, e.g., for stationary or mobile power generation in environments such as Mars. This was accomplished through an analysis of the laminar and turbulent flame speeds that dominate the combustion process and the charge burnup time. The results show that a relative increase in the turbulent flame speeds during oxy-methane combustion shrinks the combustion duration between 10% and 90% mass fraction burned by approximately 87% relative to air. Comparing these results with literature reveals that the scaled Wiebe function follows theory closely and is a reasonable tool for burnt mass and combustion duration predictions.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Determinants of Life Expectancy and Healthy Life Expectancy: A Causal Approach

Abstract Understanding the determinants of health is essential to designing effective strategies to advance economic growth, reduce disease and disability, and enhance quality of life. We undertake a comprehensive outlook on public health by incorporating three metrics - life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HLE), and the discrepancy between the two. We investigate the effects of various health and socio-economic factors on these metrics and employ causal machine learning and statistical methods such as propensity score matching, X-learners, and causal forests to calculate treatment effects. An increase in basic water services and public health expenditure significantly increased average LE, whereas high HIV prevalence rates and poverty rates reduced average LE. High GNI per capita and moderate BMI increased HLE while high HIV prevalence rates decreased HLE. High public health expenditure and high GNI per capita expand the gap between HLE and LE, whereas high HIV prevalence rates and moderate BMI diminish this gap. Results suggest that policymakers should utilize governmental resources to improve public health infrastructure rather than provide fiscal incentives to encourage private healthcare infrastructure. Additionally, more emphasis should be put on increasing educational levels of the general public by increasing educational expenditure and making educational institutions, public and private, more accountable.
Male Urethral, Penile, and Incontinence Surgery: Is Resident Exposure Adequate?

Objective To evaluate trends in male urethral and penis/incontinence case volumes among urology residents and assess these for adequate surgical training/competency. Methods Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case logs of urology residents graduating from U.S. programs from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed to determine the surgical volume of select index categories. Male urethral cases encompass urethrectomy and urethroplasty, whereas male penis/incontinence cases include urethral slings and sphincters. Case volumes as “surgeon,” “assistant,” and “teaching assistant” were reviewed and compared to ACGME minimum requirements. Results A total of 1032 graduating residents reported case logs. For male urethral surgery, residents reported weighted averages (standard deviation [SD]) of 12.7 (9.0) cases as “surgeon,” 1.5 (3.5) cases as “assistant,” and 0.2 (1.0) as “teaching assistant.” The minimum requirement for these cases is 5. The annual 10th percentiles as “surgeon” ranged from 4 to 5 cases throughout the study period. For male penis/incontinence cases, residents reported weighted averages (SD) of 45.5 (22.7) cases as “surgeon,” 3.6 (5.5) cases as “assistant,” and 1.5 (3.0) cases as “teaching assistant.” The minimum requirement is 10 cases. The 10th percentiles as “surgeon” ranged from 19 to 23 cases. Conclusion Although the majority of residents met the minimum standard for these cases, about 10% of residents did not meet the requirement for male urethral surgery. In addition, a review of learning curves for these procedures suggests that the ACGME minimum requirements may be insufficient to confer actual competency in skill. Increasing this number in training or specialized postgraduate training programs is needed to provide actual competency.
Microstructurally Explicit Study of Transport Phenomena in Uranium Oxide

Transport mechanisms, such as mass and heat transfer, are critical to the efficiency and the reliability of nuclear fuels such as uranium oxide. These properties can be significantly affected by the microstructure of materials. This paper looks into the effects of grain boundary (GB) Kapitza resistance on the overall thermal conductivity and fission gas transport of UO2 using a 3-D finite element model with microstructurally explicit information. The model developed is created with a reconstruction of the microstructure of depleted uranium samples performed using serial sectioning techniques with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD). The properties of these microstructural entities are characterized by misorientation angles and Coincident Site Lattice (CSL) models, which provide a framework to assign spatially dependent thermal and mass transfer properties based on the location and connectivity of these entities in actual microstructures. The key feature of this model is the coupling between heat transfer and mass transfer of fission products which makes it a multi-physics model capable of following the evolution of thermal performance as fission products are produced.
Stock Market Dividend Yield and Tobin's Q

This study examines how the percentage change in SP there is no response feedback from DY to ∆TBQ. The variance decomposition results show that ∆TBQ forecasts about 67.50% of DY at the 2-quarter horizon and 67.80% at the 4-quarter horizon.
Macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and trophic-level dynamics in urban streams affected by non-point-source pollution

Summary 1. Despite non-point-source (NPS) pollution being perhaps the most ubiquitous stressor affecting urban streams, there is a lack of research assessing how urban NPS pollution affects stream ecosystems. We used a natural experimental design approach to assess how stream macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and trophic structure are influenced by urban NPS pollution in six streams. 2. Differences in macroinvertebrate community structure and secondary production among sites were highly correlated with stream-water specific conductivity and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations. Macroinvertebrate richness, the Shannon diversity index and the Shannon evenness index were all negatively correlated with specific conductivity. These patterns were driven by differences in the richness and production of EPT and other intolerant taxa. Production of the five most productive taxa, tolerant taxa, non-insect taxa and primary consumers were all positively correlated with stream-water DIP. 3. Despite the positive correlation between primary consumer production and DIP, there was no correlation between macroinvertebrate predator production and either total or primary consumer macroinvertebrate production. This was observed because DIP was positively correlated with the production of non-insect macroinvertebrate taxa assumed to be relatively unavailable for macroinvertebrate predator consumption. After removing production of these taxa, we observed a strong positive correlation between macroinvertebrate predator production and production of available prey. 4. Our results suggest that urban NPS pollution not only affects macroinvertebrate community structure, but also alters secondary production and trophic-level dynamics. Differences in taxon production in our study indicate the potential for altered energy flow through stream food webs and potential effects on subsidies of aquatic insect prey to riparian food webs.
The 2012 Libor Scandal: An Analysis of the Lack of Institutional Oversight and Incentives to Deter Manipulation of the World's Most 'Important Number'

The purpose of this Note is to explore how the Libor Scandal of 2012 unraveled, focusing primarily on institutional oversight of Libor by the private trade groups and the unwillingness of government involvement to maintain the integrity of this financial instrument. First, this Note will explain what Libor is and its importance to the international finance system. Notably, this section will explore Libor’s governance, its use in various financial products, and how Libor is calculated on a daily basis. After giving an overview of Libor, the Note then addresses how the Libor Scandal of 2012 developed, looking specifically at the Bank of England and its unwillingness to play a larger regulatory role in Libor. Despite various studies addressing concerns with the integrity of Libor, heightened regulation was not addressed, leading to bankers manipulating rates. Next, this Note examines antitrust and securities law surrounding Libor. It becomes apparent from laws applied during the financial crisis of 2008 that banks were given an incentive to manipulate numbers to improve their viability within the marketplace. This analysis suggests that victims affected by the banks will not likely find legal recourse. Finally, this Note concludes by looking at proposed reforms made in light of this scandal and offers several policy proposals to avoid another Libor Scandal. Specifically, methods or regulating Libor and proportionality of punishment are considered for providing proper incentives to deter fraudulent behavior.
Non‐Storage Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyalkanoates (Complexed PHAs) in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Introduction Historical Outline Complexes of cPHB with Inorganic Polyphosphates (cPHB/polyP) Protein-associated cPHAs Occurrence and Distribution of cPHAs Synthesis and Degradation of cPHAs Physical Properties of cPHAs Transbilayer Ion Transport by OHB Transbilayer Ion Transport by cPHB/polyP Complexes cPHB/polyP Complexes from E. coli in Planar Lipid Bilayers Synthetic Ion Channels from cPHB128 and PolyP Characteristics of cPHB/PolyP Ion Channels Structure of cPHB/PolyP Complexes Mechanism of cPHA/PolyP Channel Activity Putative Functions of cPHB/PolyP Complexes Protein-associated cPHAs Eubacteria Eukaryotes cPHA as Agents in Human Disease Atherosclerosis Diabetes Methods Isolation of cPHA Proteins Determination of cPHAs Evolutionary Aspects and Conclusions Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: complexed poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate; complexed poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; eukaryote; inorganic polyphosphate; poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate; poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; prokaryote
A Nanoindentation Method for Hydrated Compliant Materials

Nanoindentation is becoming an increasingly popular tool in the biomaterials field due to its ability to measure local mechanical properties in small, irregularly-shaped or heterogeneous samples.1 Although this technique was readily adapted to the study of mineralized tissues, the application of nanoindentation to compliant, hydrated biomaterials such as soft tissues and hydrogels has led to many challenges.1 Three key concerns associated with nanoindentation of compliant, hydrated materials are inaccurate surface detection, errors due to adhesion forces, and fluid interactions with the tip.1–4Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Socioeconomic status and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 among oncogenic human papillomavirus DNA-positive women with equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology.

BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a reported risk factor for cervical carcinoma, but few studies have taken into account adequately the possibly confounding effects of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as access to screening and subsequent treatment. METHODS Women (n = 5060 women) with a mean age of 27.5 years and with equivocal or mild cytologic cervical abnormalities were enrolled in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (ASCUS-LSIL) Triage Study (ALTS), a clinical trial that evaluated management strategies. The women were seen every 6 months for 2 years. The enrollment questionnaire assessed three indicators of SES: race/ethnicity, education, and source of payment for medical care. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of oncogenic HPV DNA positivity at enrollment and to assess associations between the SES indicators and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (precancer) and carcinoma (≥ CIN3) identified throughout the study (n = 506 women) among oncogenic HPV-positive women (n = 3133 women). RESULTS SES indicators were not associated significantly with oncogenic HPV infection after adjustment for age at enrollment, recent and lifetime number of sexual partners, study center, and smoking history. Among women with oncogenic HPV, the risk of ≥ CIN3 increased with decreasing education (less than high school education: odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.5–3.7 vs. completed college). Black women (OR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.4–0.7) and white/Hispanic women (OR, 0.4; 95%CI, 0.2–0.8) were at decreased risk for ≥ CIN3 compared with white/non-Hispanic women. The source of payment for medical care was not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated with lower SES, such as low education, may serve as a surrogate for unknown factors that influence progression to ≥ CIN3 among women with oncogenic HPV infection. In this controlled setting with equalized follow-up and treatment, the decreased risk of ≥ CIN3 associated with black and white/Hispanic race/ethnicity could be further examined. Ongoing efforts should emphasize methods for equalizing screening and follow-up among women of varying SES, regardless of race or ethnicity. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 American Cancer Society.
Brachytherapy-based bladder sparing alternative to cystectomy

A bladder preserving protocol comprising combined external-beam radiotherapy and interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of bladder cancer has been reported as a viable alternative to cystectomy. However, we have concerns regarding the oncological efficacy of this approach and believe important quality of life issues need to be addressed.
Teachers’ Use of Classroom Management Procedures in the United States and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

A survey was conducted of teachers’ classroom management practices in the United States and Greece. The United States sample consisted of 149 teachers in Arizona, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The Greek sample consisted of 97 teachers in Athens and the surrounding area. The survey asked questions regarding teachers’ use of important classroom management principles (e.g. rules, classroom management practices). Responses of the teachers in the two samples were remarkably similar which indicates that, overall, teachers are reporting the use of empirically validated classroom management procedures (e.g. rules, positive reinforcement) in relatively high frequencies. Results and implications are discussed in terms of the importance of cross-cultural research of this type.
Impact of stress reduction instructions on stress and cortisol levels during pregnancy.

Abstract This pilot study examined whether giving stress reduction (SR) instructions to pregnant women would be effective in regulating stress, mood, and cortisol levels during pregnancy. Forty-one predominantly low-income Latina women, receiving prenatal services at a public county hospital, completed measures of stress and mood (depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect) and provided morning and evening saliva samples to measure cortisol prior to and after receiving SR instructions. We hypothesized that adherence to these SR instructions would result in lower levels of stress, negative mood states, and cortisol levels when compared to baseline values. Repeated measures ANOVA analyses demonstrated significantly lower levels of stress (P
Situated Cognition: Its Relationship to Simulation in Nursing Education

Abstract Health care settings have dramatically evolved into highly complex technical practice environments that demand high competency levels for nurses. As such, many educators are struggling to integrate strategies that will help to ensure a competent workforce. A challenge faced by nurse educators is the implementation of teaching strategies that promote the clinical competency of learners while strengthening their clinical reasoning and reflective-thinking skills. For use in nursing education, standardized, reproducible, clinically accurate simulated patient care experiences can be developed to help provide students with the opportunity to identify common patient problems and demonstrate appropriate interventions. Situated cognition (also known as situated learning ) is a learning theory that is based on the premise that learning is influenced by the situation in which it occurs. This article addresses the relationship of situated cognition to the use of simulation in nursing education.
Scaling laws and universal spectrum of strong plasma turbulence

Scaling laws of strong plasma turbulence are obtained with the aid of similarity transfomation of physical parameters in the Bogoliubov-Born-Green- Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy equations. Fossible existence of a universal spectrum proportional to k/sup -a/ is discussed. The scaling arguments are extended to the analysis of the rate of turbulent heating and the anomalous resistivity. It is also shown that the scaling laws are useful in resolving an apparent paradox in the interpretation of the Crab pulser spectrum. (auth)
A game theory analysis of dual discrimination

Abstract A series of experiments with undergraduate management students was conducted to examine the behavioral effects of situations with dual discrimination in an incentive compensation scheme. Subjects were randomly assigned to a disadvantaged or advantaged status and simultaneously were discriminated for or against, in a two-person tournament. A game theoretic model was used to predict the choices subjects in the two conditions of dual discrimination would make if they attempted to maximize monetary outcomes. Results indicated that while the theory of tournaments was capable of predicting the pattern of results, subjects tended to expend more effort than predicted. The implications of these results for the theory and for public policy are discussed.
PD‐59, NSDD‐13 and the Reagan strategic modernization program

(1983). PD‐59, NSDD‐13 and the Reagan strategic modernization program. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 125-146.
On the unique shortest lattice vector problem

We show that the problem of deciding whether a given rational lattice L has a vector of length less than some given value r is NP-hard, even under the promise that L has exactly zero or one vector of length less than r.
Thermomechanical distortions of ion-beam stencil masks during exposure

Meeting the stringent requirements on pattern placement in the sub-130 nm regime will be a challenge for any Next Generation Lithography. A key issue for all technologies will be the development of a low distortion mask. This paper describes the thermomechanical simulations performed on the ion-beam projection lithography (IPL) mask to predict distortions during exposure. Pattern-specific global distortions are identified using equivalent modeling techniques, which are based upon the use of equivalent thermal properties are presented. Finite element heat transfer and structural models have been developed to employ these equivalent properties. To demonstrate the modeling procedures, predictions of the thermomechanical response of the stencil mask for the IBM Talon layout were performed. The finite element results illustrate that by optimizing the design parameters of the exposure system, IPL mask distortions can be controlled to meet the allotted error budgets.
Evaluation with Traffic Assignment Under Demand Uncertainty

The impact of demand uncertainty on the evaluation of network improvements when using traffic assignment is addressed. Theoretical results indicate that the expected value of the performance of the traffic system is not necessarily equivalent to the performance of the system at the expected value of demand, and therefore the expected demand cannot be used with disregard of the variance in demand forecasts. Using expected demand tends to overestimate performance of the network and could lead to erroneous choice of improvements. Alternative possibilities for dealing with this problem are explored, including an approach in which the demand is inflated. This yield benefits not only in terms of selecting improvements with lower expected total system travel time but also significant reductions in the variance associated with this measure. Demand inflation should take place after a budget has been set, so that decisions resulting from inflation do not dictate that more infrastructure be built but that different ...
GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR SECRETING PITUITARY TUMORS

Transsphenoidal surgery usually represents first line treatment for pituitary adenomas with the aim of removing the tumor, decompressing the optic apparatus and, in secreting tumors, eliminating the hypersecretion. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is indicated for tumor remnants or recurrences in or above the sella including those invading the cavernous sinus and also as initial treatment in patients who are unable to tolerate an open surgical procedure and where medication has failed. In this study, the target definition was retrospectively studied and when necessary corrected in 10 acromegalic patients, 8 with Cushing's disease, and 12 with prolactinomas undergoing Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The dose plan was analyzed and the volume of the target covered by a minimum of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35Gy was estimated. A dose/volume profile for each treatment was created and correlated to the endocrinological and clinical outcome. Cure, according to strict endocrinological criteria, was seen in 6 of the acromegalic patients, in 2 of the patients with ACTH hypersecretion, and in 2 of the patients with prolactinomas. Analysis of these profiles, also for the patients with partial effect, show that a minimum radiation dose of 20Gy may be adequate to eliminate the hypersecretion in acromegalic patients whereas a dose of at least 25Gy may be required in patients with Cushing's disease and prolactinoma.
Using Simulation to Teach Negotiation Processes to Environmental Engineers

This paper reports on a simulation exercise used to teach engineers about negotiation in the context of hazardous waste site cleanups. In contrast to traditional approaches, which emphasize technical aspects of hazardous waste management, our simulation approach emphasizes the influence that personality characteristics and negotiating styles have on outcomes in the site cleanup process. In addition to describing the site cleanup process and the simulation exercise, the paper discusses results of running the simulation in classes at Stanford University and the effectiveness of the simulation approach.
Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: A case-control study.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide. Method Sixty-seven adolescent suicide victims were compared with 67 demographically matched community controls. Psychiatric disorder was assessed in suicide victims using a psychological autopsy protocol and in controls using similar semistructured psychiatric interviews. Risk factors were quantified by use of the odds ratio (OR), that is, the relative frequency of the occurrence of a given condition in the suicides compared with the controls. Results The most significant psychiatric risk factors associated with adolescent suicide were major depression (OR = 27.0), bipolar mixed state (OR = 9.0), substance abuse (OR = 8.5), and conduct disorder (OR = 6.0). Substance abuse was a more significant risk factor when comorbid with affective illness than when alone (OR = 17.0 versus 3.3). The majority of depressed suicide victims had a primary affective disorder (82%). A significant minority (31%) of depressed suicide victims had been depressed less than 3 months. Previous suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, and homicidal ideation also were associated with adolescent suicide. Conclusions The development of effective treatments for youth who fit the above-noted risk profiles should be given high priority. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1993, 32, 3:521–529.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Carbon Diffusivity in Metal Nanoparticles During CVD-Based Nanotube Fabrication Process

In this paper, molecular dynamics technique is utilized to investigate carbon molecules diffusivity into iron oxide nanoparticles such as FeO and Fe2 O3 . Such nanoparticles can be used during carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis process in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Several simulations are conducted in the atmospheric pressure condition and for different temperatures ranging from 500 to 1100°C, which is common range for multi-walled and single-walled CNT (MWCNT and SWCNT) fabrication. The mean square displacement (MSD) diagrams and their corresponding diffusivity of the carbon molecules into the nanoparticles are then plotted. The results are compared with those obtained after adding silicon molecular structure to the each nanoparticle as substrate. The results From NPT/NVE (pressure constant-temperature constant/velocity constant-energy constant) simulations show that for each nanoparticle, the diffusivity increases as higher temperatures considered in the simulation. However, the corresponding diffusivity rate doesn't necessarily increase. In the diffusivity diagrams, three distinctive temperature regions are observed. In the temperature regions where MWCNT and SWCNT are commonly produced, decreasing in diffusivity rate is observed, while in transition region where CNTs change from multi-walled to single-walled, the diffusivity increases for both simulated metal nanoparticles. Finally, by investigating and comparing diffusivity diagrams of each nanoparticle, before and after adding silicon as substrate, it is observed that the effects of silicon layer decreases the amount of carbon molecules diffusivity. This decrease is more considerable in higher temperatures. The obtained information from this study helps to understand the growth rate and formation mechanism of MWCNT/SWCNT and their relationship with carbon diffusivity in metal nanoparticles in great detail which are important keys in controlling nanotube properties.© 2006 ASME
2D ground-penetrating radar AVO response to a 3D dielectric permittivity anomaly

To evaluate the amplitude vs offset response of GPR to small distributions of hydrocarbon contamination, I acquired multi-offset 450 MHz GPR data in TE and TM modes over a buried rectangular tank filled with gasoline saturated sand. All dimensions of the tank were less than one wavelength at the characteristic antenna frequency. The permittivity ratio at the moist sand/gasoline sand boundary, estimated by fitting the Fresnel equations to the observed amplitudes and by Brewster's Angle analysis, differed from that obtained through migration velocity analysis by no more than 12%. 2D FDTD modeling reproduced amplitude characteristics for 3 o f 4 target/polarization combinations and explained some deviations from the Fresnel curves. Additional deviations may be caused by out-of-plane polarization effects or heterogeneity not included in the 2D model.
The effects of varied retrieval cues on reminiscence in eyewitness memory

Eyewitnesses sometimes recall things at later interviews that they did not recall at previous interviews (reminiscence). When these cases are argued in the courtroom, attorneys may claim (and judges may warn jurors) that eyewitnesses who provide reminiscences are necessarily inaccurate witnesses. Consequently, their testimony may be prematurely discredited or dismissed. We examined here the role of varying the retrieval cues across interviews to account for reminiscence. Participants watched a videotaped mock crime and were tested for recall on two occasions using the same or different cues. Results supported the hypothesis that varying retrieval cues increases the amount of reminiscence. Furthermore, nearly all participants exhibited some reminiscence. Finally, reminiscence was not significantly correlated with overall accuracy of testimony. These findings suggest that many of the assumptions underlying legal tactics and judges' instructions regarding reminiscent inconsistencies are erroneous. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The TATA Binding Protein in the Sea Urchin Embryo Is Maternally Derived

The cDNA encoding the TATA binding protein was isolated from 8- to 16-cell and morula-stage embryonic libraries of two distantly related species of sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus, respectively. The two proteins are 96% identical over both the N- and C-terminal domains, suggesting a conservation of transcriptional processes between the two species. The prevalence of SpTBP transcripts at several developmental time points was determined using the tracer excess titration method, and the corresponding number of TBP protein molecules was determined by quantitative Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that the amount of TBP mRNA and protein per embryo remains relatively constant throughout development. An initial large pool of TBP protein (>10(9)) molecules in the egg becomes diluted as a consequence of cell division and decreases to about 2 x 10(6) molecules per cell by the gastrula stage. We found by in situ RNA hybridization that the oocyte contains a large amount of TBP mRNA which is depleted late in oogenesis so that the eggs and early embryos have extremely low levels of TBP mRNA. We conclude that the oocyte manufactures nearly all of the TBP protein necessary for embryogenesis.
Tropospheric wave response to decelerated stratosphere seen as downward propagation in northern annular mode

[1] Baldwin and Dunkerton [1999] found that negative northern annular mode (NAM) anomalies sometimes descend all the way from the stratosphere into the lower troposphere. However, no viable mechanism has been proposed so far to account for the magnitude of the anomalies in the denser troposphere. Further, analysis shows that the character of the anomaly changes across the tropopause. Above the tropopause the NAM pattern is approximately zonal, and its descent represents the descent of decelerated zonal mean winds. This stratospheric change is explainable using theories similar to those for the descent of the zero-wind line associated with a major stratospheric sudden warming. However, such a reversal in the zonal mean wind rarely reaches the denser troposphere. The descent of the NAM anomalies into the troposphere may be implying a different relationship between the stratosphere and the troposphere. We note that in the troposphere the structure of the NAM has a large wave component. In some cases, this wave component appears to react to the decelerated wind configuration aloft. Here we show observations of the wave component and the zonal mean component in comparison to corresponding NAM events to show that the wave response is a sizable component of the NAM anomaly in the troposphere. We will also present a simple model calculation to show that tropospheric waves forced by topography can react to changing stratospheric winds. These tropospheric waves can project directly onto the tropospheric NAM patterns and produce anomalies in the index which appear to be connected to the negative NAM anomalies in the stratosphere.
Anastomotic strictures following radical prostatectomy: insights into incidence, effectiveness of intervention, effect on continence, and factors predisposing to occurrence.

Abstract Objectives. To examine the incidence, effectiveness of intervention, effect on continence, and factors predisposing to the occurrence of anastomotic strictures following radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods. Between January 1994 and June 1999, 753 radical retropubic prostatectomies were performed by a single surgeon. Anastomotic strictures were managed by dilatation followed by a self-catheterization regimen. Dilatations were repeated unless more than three dilatations were required over a 9-month interval. A control group representing a randomly selected group of men who did not develop anastomotic strictures was identified. The largest width of the midline vertical abdominal scar was measured. Results. Of the 753 radical retropubic prostatectomies, 36 (4.8%) developed an anastomotic stricture. The mean time interval between the surgical procedure and diagnosis of the stricture was 4.22 months. Of the 26 cases of anastomotic strictures with at least 1-year follow-up, 24 (92.3%) were managed successfully by dilatations alone. No baseline characteristics before surgery were associated with the development of a stricture. The maximal scar width was the only factor that was associated with the development of a stricture in this study. Men with a maximal scar of greater than 10 mm were eight times more likely to develop strictures than men with smaller scars. The percentage of men who required protective pads 1 year following radical retropubic prostatectomy in the control and stricture groups was 12.5% and 46.2%, respectively. Conclusions. Anastomotic strictures are relatively rare following radical prostatectomy and have a negative effect on the development of continence. Most men are successfully managed with dilatations alone. The development of anastomotic strictures in some men appears to be related to a generalized hypertrophic wound-healing mechanism.
Nuclear Isomerism in Rhodium

Pontecorvo has recently pointed out that Rh^(104) emits numerous electrons of energy 35—60 kev. He ascribes these electrons to the internal conversion of the gamma-radiation emitted when the Rh^(104) nucleus goes from an excited state (4.2-minute period) to the ground state. From the ground state there is beta-emission which gives Pd^(104) and is ascribed to the 44-second period. The emission of the gamma-ray from the excited state is an alternative process to the direct emission of a beta-ray from the excited state. In this latter connection the beta-ray spectra associated with the two periods are of interest.
Wake collapse in a stratified fluid.

A two-dimensional model is used to obtain quantitative data on characteristics of turbulently mixed wakes of bodies submerged in stratified fluids (more dense below than above). The time between turbulent mixing and maximum expansion of the wake before vertical collapse starts is 0.44 T, where T is the local Vaisala-Brunt period. Time after mixing for maximum rate of horizontal spreading is about 2.0 T. The average Vaisala-Brunt period for the oceans and atmosphere is discussed. It is predicted that the wake collapse phenomenon is not unusual in these environments. The characteristic time for the most active phase of vertical wake collapse should be between a few minutes to several tens of minutes. Qualitative observations of aircraft vapor trails tend to confirm that the phenomenon does occur at full scale.
Mycobacterium Fortuitum and Anaerobic Breast Abscess Following Nipple Piercing: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Abstract Purpose Body piercing has become increasingly prevalent. We describe a case of breast infection with combined mycobacteria and anaerobe following nipple piercing, and review the literature. Case A 17-year-old female developed a breast abscess 4 months after nipple piercing. Cultures grew Prevotalla melangenica and Mycobacterium fortuitum . She required drainage and antibiotic treatment. Three months into her treatment she stopped her medications, relapsed, and required drainage. Two months later, on antimycobacteria therapy, her wound is healing. Discussion Review of the infectious complications of nipple piercing yielded 12 cases, 5 of which had a foreign body. The pathogens isolated (coagulase negative staphylococcus, mycobacteria, streptococcus, anaerobe, and gordonia) are not the usual organisms to be isolated from a breast abscess. This could result from reporting bias or the presence of a foreign body, the nipple ring. The three cases of mycobacteria, in addition to ours, are reviewed. The average age is 22 years. Three to 9 months elapsed between piercing and infection. All cases required drainage. Antimycobacteria therapy was used in three of the four cases for 10 days to 6 months. Conclusion With the increasing prevalence of body piercing, it is important to document and report infections. We describe a breast abscess following nipple piercing with combined anaerobic and a mycobacterial pathogens. This underscores the need for obtaining cultures including anaerobes and mycobacteria.
Broadcasting safety information in vehicular networks: issues and approaches

A primary goal of intelligent transportation systems is to improve road safety. The ability of vehicles to communicate is a promising way to alleviate traffic accidents by reducing the response time associated with human reaction to nearby drivers. Vehicle mobility patterns caused by varying traffic dynamics and travel behavior lead to considerable complexity in the efficiency and reliability of vehicular communication networks. This causes two major routing issues: the broadcast storm problem and the network disconnection problem. In this article we review broadcast communication in vehicular communication networks and mechanisms to alleviate the broadcast storm problem. Moreover, we introduce vehicular safety applications, discuss network design considerations, and characterize broadcast protocols in vehicular networks.
A hapten generated from an oxidation fragment of docosahexaenoic acid is sufficient to initiate age-related macular degeneration.

The protein adduct carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) is present in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eye tissue and in the blood of AMD patients at higher levels than found in age-matched non-AMD tissues. Autoantibodies to CEP are also higher in AMD blood samples than in controls. To test the hypothesis that this hapten is causally involved in initiating an inflammatory response in AMD, we immunized C57BL/6J mice with mouse serum albumin (MSA) adducted with CEP. Immunized mice develop antibodies to CEP, fix complement component-3 in Bruch’s membrane, accumulate drusen below the retinal pigment epithelium during aging, show decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes in response to light, and develop lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium mimicking geographic atrophy, the blinding end-stage condition characteristic of the dry form of AMD. Inflammatory cells are present in the region of lesions and may be actively involved in the pathology observed. We conclude that early immunization of mice with CEP-adducted MSA sensitizes these animals to the ongoing production of CEP adducts in the outer retina where DHA is abundant and the conditions for oxidative damage are permissive. In response to this early sensitization, the immune system mounts a complement-mediated attack on the cells of the outer retina where CEP adducts are formed. This animal model for AMD is the first that was developed from an inflammatory signal discovered in eye tissue and blood from AMD patients. It provides a novel opportunity for dissecting the early pathology of AMD and the immune response contributing to this disorder. The availability of a mouse with a mechanistically based AMD-like disease that progresses rapidly is highly desirable. Such a model will allow for the efficient preclinical testing of the much-needed therapeutics quickly and inexpensively.
1691 ASSOCIATION OF CEREBRAL PROSTAGLANDIN IMBALANCE WITH PERINMAL STROKE

Asphyxia, with its attendant hypotension, is the most common cause for neonatal cerebral infarction. We have demonstrated uncoupling of cerebral blood flow & metabolism in a hemorrhagic hypotension(HH) model for cerebral infarction in the newborn beagle pup. We report the effects of HH on regional cerebral prostaglandin (PG) levels in newborn beagle pups exposed to a similar insult. Pups were randomized to (HH) or no insult (C). HH was induced by slow venous hemorrhage to maintain MABP 20-30 mm Hg. Fifteen minutes following HH/C, the animals underwent in vivo freezing of brain. PG determinations for 6-keto PGF1α, the stable metabolite of PGI2, TXB2, the stable breakdown product of TXA2, & PGE2 were performed using radioimmunoassays. MABP of HH group was 74 prior to & 26 mm Hg following insult; the MABP of the C group remained 71 mm Hg. The PG levels & ratios of 6-ketoPGF1α/TXB2(ratio) were as follows: The alterations in the cerebral PGI2/TXA2 balance may in part be responsible for the changes found in cerebral blood flow & metabolism & the neuropathological consequences of perinatal ischemia.