cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchy of structure loss in MD simulations of src SH3 domain unfolding.

Abstract To complement experimental studies of the src SH3 domain folding, we studied 30 independent, high-temperature, molecular dynamics simulations of src SH3 domain unfolding. These trajectories were observed to differ widely from each other. Thus, rather than analyzing individual trajectories, we sought to identify the recurrent features of the high-temperature unfolding process. The conformations from all simulations were combined and then divided into groups based on the number of native contacts. Average occupancies of each side-chain hydrophobic contact and hydrogen bond in the protein were then determined. In the symmetric funnel limit, the occupancies of all contacts should decrease in concert with the loss in total number of native contacts. If there is a lack of symmetry or hierarchy to the unfolding process, the occupancies of some contacts should decrease more slowly, and others more rapidly. Despite the heterogeneity of the individual trajectories, the ensemble averaging revealed an order to the unfolding process: contacts between the N and C-terminal strands are the first to disappear, whereas contacts within the distal β-hairpin and a hydrogen-bonding network involving the distal loop β-turn and the diverging turn persist well after the majority of the native contacts are lost. This hierarchy of events resembles but is somewhat less pronounced than that observed in our experimental studies of the folding of src SH3 domain.
Silicon Thin-Film Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Transport Properties

Thin films composed of dielectric materials are attracting growing interest in the solid state physics and nanoscale heat transfer communities. This is primarily due to their unique thermal and electronic properties and their extensive use as components in optoelectronic, and potentially in thermoelectric, devices. In this paper, an elaborate study is presented on silicon thin films ranging from a few nanometers in thickness to very thick bulk-like thicknesses. Full lattice dynamics calculations are performed incorporating the entire film cross section and the relaxation of the free surfaces. The phonon properties emerging from these calculations are then incorporated into Holland-Callaway models to predict the thermal conductivity and other phonon transport properties. A rigorous curve fitting process to a limited set of available experimental data is carried out to obtain the scattering lifetimes. Our results demonstrate the importance of proper consideration of the full thin-film dispersion description and provide insights into the relationship between thermal conductivity, film thickness and temperature.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Colorectal lung metastases: Results of surgical excision

Between 1960 and 1988, 139 consecutive patients underwent pulmonary resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Median interval between colon resection and lung resection was 34 months. Ninety-eight patients (70.5%) had a solitary metastasis. Wedge excision was performed in 68 patients, lobectomy in 53, lobectomy plus wedge excision in 9, bilobectomy in 4, and pneumonectomy in 5. Operative mortality was 1.4%. Localized extrapulmonary colorectal cancer was also resected in 20 patients. Median follow-up was 7 years (range 1 to 20.4 years). Overall 5- and 20-year survival was 30.5% and 16.2%, respectively. Five-year survival for patients with solitary metastasis was 36.9%, as compared with 19.3% for those with two metastases (p less than 0.05) and 7.7% for those with more than two (p less than 0.01). Patients with normal carcino-embryonic antigen had a 5-year survival of 46.8% versus 16.0% for patients with increased levels (p less than 0.01). Five-year survival for patients with resected extrapulmonary disease was 30.0% versus 30.7% for those without extrapulmonary cancer (p = not significant). Repeat thoracotomy for recurrent metastases was done in 19 patients. Five-year survival after the second lung resection was 30.2%. We conclude that resection of colorectal lung metastases is safe and effective, that resectable extrapulmonary disease does not necessarily contraindicate pulmonary resection, and that repeat thoracotomy is warranted in selected patients with recurrent colorectal lung metastases.
Th1-Th17 Cells Mediate Protective Adaptive Immunity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Infection in Mice

We sought to define protective mechanisms of immunity to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans bloodstream infections in mice immunized with the recombinant N-terminus of Als3p (rAls3p-N) vaccine plus aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH(3)) adjuvant, or adjuvant controls. Deficiency of IFN-gamma but not IL-17A enhanced susceptibility of control mice to both infections. However, vaccine-induced protective immunity against both infections required CD4+ T-cell-derived IFN-gamma and IL-17A, and functional phagocytic effectors. Vaccination primed Th1, Th17, and Th1/17 lymphocytes, which produced pro-inflammatory cytokines that enhanced phagocytic killing of both organisms. Vaccinated, infected mice had increased IFN-gamma, IL-17, and KC, increased neutrophil influx, and decreased organism burden in tissues. In summary, rAls3p-N vaccination induced a Th1/Th17 response, resulting in recruitment and activation of phagocytes at sites of infection, and more effective clearance of S. aureus and C. albicans from tissues. Thus, vaccine-mediated adaptive immunity can protect against both infections by targeting microbes for destruction by innate effectors.
Schedule-Based Group Assignment Using Constraint Programming

Group work is an important aspect of the educational process in many disciplines, especially business. The literature suggests there are pedagogical advantages to instructor-assigned teams. In this paper, we present a constraint programming approach to assigning students to groups based on their availability. We compare solutions created using several objectives and find that no single objective dominates for all performance measures. Using the model produces group assignments of higher quality and much more quickly than those produced manually.
QoT-guaranteed protection: Survivability under physical layer impairments

As physical layer impairments play a large role in determining the ultimate performance of all-optical networks, it has attracted much attention. However, traditional survivability schemes have been designed and utilized without considering the quality of transmission at the physical layer. Recently, a few studies on QoT-aware (quality of transmission) protection were initiated to meet the reliability needs of future communications infrastructures. In this paper, we present a study of how transmission impairments caused by non-ideal characteristics of network components (such as amplifier spontaneous emission noise and crosstalk) affect the survivability under various QoT-aware protection schemes. We present heuristic QoT-guaranteed protection RWA for dynamic provisioning that forgoes multiple bit-error-rate calculations, and quantify the performance of various QoT-aware schemes. We also evaluate the tradeoff between using crosstalk-free Banyan switches and utilizing switch plane selection with non-crosstalk-free designs. It is expensive to provide QoT-guaranteed protection, but the usefulness of QoT-aware (nonguaranteed) schemes, while cost-effective, depends on the topology. Our results also show that QoT-unaware algorithms, while performing significantly worse in terms of blocking, can have slightly better post-failure performance.
Filtering the signature of submerged large woody debris from bathymetry data

Modeling water velocities and depth for riverine aquatic habitat analysis requires fine-scale surveys of river bathymetry. The presence of submerged large woody debris (LWD) distorts the results of acoustic bathymetry surveys and subsequent modeling if the LWD data is not separated from the background river bathymetry. Submerged LWD typically appears in digital acoustic data for a low-gradient sand-bed river as impulse spikes of a few data points with a substantially shallower depth than the surrounding data. This paper examines the performance of linear and nonlinear filtering algorithms for removing impulse spikes from a digital bathymetry signal. A synthesized data set is used for control tests that quantify the error associated with each method. The more successful nonlinear filtering techniques (median and erosion filters) are used to filter single-beam echosounder data, from the Sulphur River in northeastern Texas, USA. Median filtering proved to be the best technique for removing LWD impulse spikes while leaving the background bathymetry relatively unchanged. Efficient automation of spike removal from a data set requires a method for selecting the filter characteristics without recourse to engineering judgment or prior experience. A method of a priori selecting the minimum filter order based upon the physical scales of the LWD and the statistics of the data separation in the survey is proposed based on scaling analysis, and validated with the study results.
Simulation of random packing of polydisperse particles

An optimization based model that simulates random packings of polydisperse particles to mimic porous media systems is presented in this paper. The model simulates systems with properties that map back to physically measured quantities. The model is composed of three main procedures: detachment of an existing sphere from a target sphere by moving its center to a new position, movement of an existing sphere to touch the target sphere, and addition of a new sphere to touch the target sphere. Each procedure is performed to satisfy a constrained nonlinear optimization formulation. Input parameters include radius and coordination numbers density functions. A monodisperse and polydisperse packings were simulated by incorporating physically based properties of glass bead packings obtained from 3D computed tomography images. In each simulated system, the packing density obtained was very close to the packing density of the physical system. The packings were tested for isotropy, homogeneity and randomness and then compared to experimental microtomography images. Findings indicate that the packings generated were isotropic, homogenous, random, and in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Mechanisms responsible for reduced in vitro immunoglobulin secretion in aged humans

Abstract Age-related changes in the processes involved in T cell dependent polyclonal B cell activation in man were studied by comparing immunoglobulin (Ig) produced in autologous T:B (E + :E − ) cell cultures of young and old donor pairs with Ig produced in crossover cultures. Each young and old donor was classified as a responder or a non-responder based on Ig levels in autologous pokeweed mitogen-activated T:B cultures. The data indicate that: (1) T suppressor influences are a major determinant of non-response in the young; (2) T cells of nonresponder old donors can support high levels of Ig secretion by young donors' B cells; (3) low response to pokeweed mitogen stimulation in the elderly may reflect either direct refractoriness of B cells to T cell dependent stimulation, heightened B cell sensitivity to suppressor signals, or a combination of the two.
Effects of biophysical and physiologic parameters on brain activation-induced R2* and R2 changes: simulations using a deterministic diffusion model

A central issue in magnetic resonance imaging of human brain function using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast is the accurate interpretation of the signal changes that are observed. Using a method that incorporates repeated phase rotation and convolution with a smoothing function to simulate spin diffusion in the presence of magnetic field perturbers, the dependencies of the absolute and relative changes in transverse relaxation rates (δR2* and δR2) on biophysical and physiologic parameters were explored. First we introduce the modeling methodology. Then we simulate δR2* and δR2 as physiologic and biophysical parameters are modulated within the ranges that they vary across subjects and voxels in the brain. The simulations demonstrate that the δR2* and δR2 values that occur with activation-induced changes in blood oxygenation depend most strongly on the resting state blood volume and field strength. The δR2*/δR2 ratios depend most strongly on the vessel radius and spin diffusion coefficient.
Family migration in an uncertain environment

Abstract Migration is risky. The hopes and expectations that motivate a move may not be met. The family provides opportunities to reduce the risks of mobility. This paper analyzes the joint family migration decision and exploits analogies to the traditional portfolio selection problem.
Thrombolysis in Very Young Children

To the Editor: We read the article by Arnold et al1 with interest on childhood thrombolysis in stroke. We reported the youngest case (3 years) of basilar occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy at 18 hours after presentation, which resulted in complete recanalization followed by a full functional recovery at …
Studies on the secondary structure of soluble ribonucleic acid containing 8-azaguanine.

Soluble ribonucleic acid containing 8-azaguanine isolated from Bacillus cereus has been fractionated by a discontinuous gradient elution on hydroxylapatite to yield fractions in which the replacement of guanine residues by the analog varied from 24 to 62%. A similar fractionation of normal B. cereus sRNA revealed a direct correlation between the percentage guanine of a given fraction and its capacity to bind to hydroxylapatite. Conversely, as the replacement of guanine by 8-azaguanine increased, the capacity to adhere to hydroxylapatite decreased. Measurements of absorbance—temperature profiles of the sRNA containing azaguanine fractions yielded a set of curves the heights of which differed according to their azaguanine content. The diminution of the temperature-dependent hyperchromicity was found to be proportional to the percentage of guanine replaced by azaguanine. By contrast, normal sRNA fractions obtained from hydroxylapatite showed no significant differences in thermally induced hyperchromicity or T m , regardless of their guanine content. These results are consistent with either of two hypotheses: (1) azaguanine and cytosine residues do not form a stable hydrogen-bonded base pair; or (2) a weakly bonded azaG—C base pair is stable at lower temperatures, but its heat denaturation is either not evident above 25°C or else it contributes a reduced hyperchromic effect compared to that obtained from the strongly bonded G—C base pair.
An automatic frequency calibration technique for fractional-N frequency synthesizers

This paper proposes a novel automatic frequency calibration technique that can be used for fractional frequency synthesis and compatible with different reference frequencies from 8 to 40 MHz. The proposed technique has been realized in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer for digital TV RF tuners. The measurement shows this technique ensures the synthesizer to lock at the linear range of the charge pump. This work is implemented in 65nm CMOS process. The power dissipation is 26.7 mA from a 1.2-V supply voltage. The integrated noise is less than 0.9° across the frequencies from 2680 to 4020 MHz.
Metrical Analysis of the Speech of Children With Suspected Developmental Apraxia of Speech

Previous studies have shown that metrical analysis accounts for syllable omissions in young normally developing children better than prior perspectives. This approach has not yet been applied to children with disorders. Inappropriate sentential stress has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for a subgroup of children with suspected developmental apraxia of speech (SD-DAS), suggesting that the application of metrical perspectives to this population may be appropriate. This report extends the goal of identifying diagnostic markers for SD-DAS using analytic procedures from metrical phonology. The lexical metrical patterns of children with SD-DAS were compared to those of a group of children with speech delay (SD) to verify the applicability of metrical constructs to children with disorders while at the same time seeking lexical stress characteristics that might be useful for differential diagnosis. The lexical stress errors of children in both the SD and SD-DAS disorder groups were found to conform to patte...
Somatotopy of digital nerve projections to the dorsal horn in the monkey

The dorsal horn projection patterns of finger nerves were investigated in four Macaca mulatto monkeys. Proper digital branches of the median nerves, serving the radial aspect of a digit on each hand, were loaded with wheatgerm agglutinin—horseradish peroxidase complex (WGA:HRP). The distribution of the lectin—enzyme complex was mapped in the right and left dorsal horns.The dorsal horn projections of the digital nerves were localized in segments C6-C8 in laminae I-VI, primarily in laminae I-IV. The wedge-shaped termination zones were somatotopically organized, in agreement with the projections of the digits in cats. The fingers are represented medially, as they are in the cat. This similarity suggests that there is a mediolateral gradient of dorsal horn organization similar to that of the cat, with distal skin represented medially and proximal skin represented laterally. The rostrocaudal trajectory of finger representation, with digit 1 most rostral and digit 5 most caudal, is also in agreement with the or...
Clinical nurse specialist outcomes: vision, voice, and value.

Abstract In keeping with the conference theme, this presentation will challenge nurses to envision clinical nurse specialist (CNS) influence. Opportunities for future CNS roles will be considered. CNSs will be encouraged to articulate their roles and their influence using a powerful collective voice. Practical strategies for capturing CNS outcomes and impact will be presented.
Morphological scale-space in image processing

Abstract The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we provide an extensive review of the state-of-the-art in scale-space generation techniques for image processing, including linear methods, diffusion-based methods, and emphasizing morphological methods. Then, we introduce a new morphological approach to scale-space, called the lomo scale-space. The technique introduces a novel two-dimensional generalization of the concept of locally monotonic (lomo) signals. The lomo scale-space is a sequence of locally monotonic image representations where the scale is specified by the spatial extent or degree of local monotonicity. The morphological process used to generate the lomo scale-space retains many desirable properties of other morphological methods, such as edge localization and smoothing of extrema. In contrast to previous morphological scale-space methods, the filters employed here are self-dual, and thus do not induce a gray-level bias into the scaled signal representations. The scale-space methods reviewed and introduced in this paper are applicable to several multiscale image processing tasks such as segmentation, object-based image compression, content-based retrieval, and video tracking.
Activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes following oxazepam-dosed feed treatment in B6C3F1 mice

Oxazepam has been determined to be a potent hepatocarcinogen in mice. Evidence in the literature indicates that oxazepam is capable of inducing drug metabolizing enzymes in rodents and an association between enzyme induction and carcinogenesis has been proposed for other compounds such as phenobarbital. We examined the pattern of enzyme induction that occurs under bioassay conditions in male B6C3F1 mice. The results indicate that oxazepam is capable of inducing multiple drug metabolizing enzymes under bioassay conditions. Closer examination of the most induced samples suggests that oxazepam is a phenobarbital-type enzyme inducer.
PROJECTIONS TO THE INFERIOR COLLICULUS FROM LAYER VI CELLS OF AUDITORY CORTEX

A large injection of a retrograde tracer into the inferior colliculus of guinea pigs labeled two bands of cells in the ipsilateral auditory cortex: a dense band of cells in layer V and a second band of cells in layer VI. On the contralateral side, labeled cells were restricted to layer V. The ipsilateral layer VI cells were distributed throughout temporal cortex, suggesting projections from multiple auditory areas. The layer VI cells included pyramidal cells as well as several varieties of non-pyramidal cells. Small tracer injections restricted to the dorsal cortex or external cortex of the inferior colliculus consistently labeled cells in layer VI. Injections restricted to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus labeled layer VI cells only rarely. Overall, 10% of the cells in temporal cortex that project to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus were located in layer VI, suggesting that layer VI cells make a significant contribution to the corticocollicular pathway.
Green composites using switchgrass as a reinforcement for a conjugated linseed oil‐based resin

Switchgrass (SWG) has been used as a filler to produce conjugated linseed oil-based green composites. The effect of the amount of the SWG; the matrix crosslink density; and the incorporation of a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride (MA), on the structure, water absorption, and thermal and mechanical properties of the composites has been investigated. The thermal stability of the composites is primarily dependent on the amount of the SWG fibers, which are far less thermally stable than the linseed oil-based resin. For the most part, improvements in the mechanical properties can be achieved by increasing the amount of SWG (up to 70 wt %), increasing the amount of the crosslinker, and adding MA to increase the filler–matrix interaction. The uptake of water in the composites is mostly influenced by the loading of the SWG fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Level search schemes for information filtering and retrieval

Latent semantic indexing (LSI) has been demonstrated to outperform lexical matching in information retrieval. However, the enormous cost associated with the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the large term-by-document matrix becomes a barrier for its application to scalable information retrieval. This work shows that information filtering using level search techniques can reduce the SVD computation cost for LSI. For each query, level search extracts a much smaller subset of the original term-by-document matrix, containing on average 27% of the original non-zero entries. When LSI is applied to such subsets, the average precision can degrade by as much as 23% due to level search filtering. However, for some document collections an increase in precision has also been observed. Further enhancement of level search can be based on a pruning scheme which deletes terms connected to only one document from the query-specific submatrix. Such pruning has achieved a 65% reduction (on average) in the number of non-zeros with a precision loss of 5% for most collections.
The Willet F. Whitmore, Jr., Lectureship: blockade of epidermal growth factor receptors as anticancer therapy.

In 1981 Sato and I hypothesized that a monoclonal antibody that binds to EGF receptors may inhibit cell proliferation by blocking activation of receptors by EGF or transforming growth factor (TGF)-a. The compelling rationale for this hypothesis is summarized in Appendix 1. In 1983 and 1984 we published a series of studies demonstrating that blockade of human EGF receptors by murine mAb 225 or mAb 528, produced in our laboratory, competitively inhibits the capacity of EGF to activate receptor tyrosine kinase and can inhibit proliferation of cells bearing EGF receptors in culture and in human tumor xenografts in nude mice.1–3 Subsequently, these antiproliferative effects in culture and against xenografts have been observed with numerous human tumor cell lines.4 A human:murine chimeric mAb C225 was produced with the support of the National Cancer Institute drug evaluation network (Appendix 2). This chimeric antibody has higher binding affinity for the EGF receptor than its murine parent, and its activity against well established human tumor xenografts surpasses that of murine 225.5 It should be stressed that C225 is acting as a drug, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific for the EGF receptor. We have identified 6 different mechanisms by which C225 may inhibit tumor cell growth and survival in culture and, more importantly, in nude mouse xenografts (Appendix 3). We review some of the experiments that have elucidated each of these mechanisms.
Moral judgment development: The effects of education and occupation

Data from the Rest longitudinal study of moral judgment development were used to (i) consolidate past research into a single process model of moral judgment development, and (ii) assess the relative contributions of education and work to moral judgment development. Subjects were 102 individuals who were first interviewed in 1972–1974 and were followed up in 1983. A general model was specified which included moral judgment development in adolescence, dedication, educational attainment, occupational attainment, fulfilling career, and adult moral judgment development. The model was tested on the total sample and in a subsamples analysis that examined the unique pathways to moral development of subsamples which had either completed 2 years or more of college (higher education) or had completed less than 2 years of college (lower education). The general model confirmed that both education and occupation play important roles in the explanation of adult moral judgment development; the subsamples analysis suggested that work-related variables were the most important determinants of development in the lower education group and that education was the most important determinant of the higher education group.
What Is the Effect of Matrices on Cartilage Repair? A Systematic Review

Background Articular cartilage has minimal endogenous ability to undergo repair. Multiple chondral restoration strategies have been attempted with varied results.
Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattention (HIA) and Conduct Problems among African American Youth: The Roles of Neighborhood and Gender

This study replicated and extended prior research by examining neighborhood context as a moderator of the relation between the constellation of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention (HIA) difficulties and conduct problems among African American youth (11-16 years old; 55% girls) from single mother homes (N = 193). Using audio computer-assisted interview (ACASI) software, mother-child dyads provided ratings of HIA difficulties and two domains of conduct problems: aggression and rule-breaking. In addition, both subjective (mother-report) and objective (census data) indices of neighborhood context were assessed. Findings revealed that both subjective and objective indices of neighborhood context moderated the relation between HIA and conduct problems, but the pattern of moderation differed depending on the index and combination of reporters. Future research directions and implications of the findings are discussed.
Regional availability of high-volume hospitals for major surgery.

ABSTRACT: Despite evidence of increased risks, a large number of patients still have surgery in low-volume hospitals. To better understand why, we used Medicare data to study the regional availabil...
Intermittent mechanical tricuspid valve obstruction recognized by central venous pressure tracing and confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4][![Graphic][5] ][5][![Graphic][6] ][6] A 33-year-old female with carcinoid heart disease and a 27-mm Medtronic-Hall tricuspid valve prosthesis presented with dyspnea 2 weeks after abdominal surgery. Initial
Toward Participatory Civic Engagement: Findings and Implications of a Three-Year Community-Based Research Study

Abstract This article presents findings from a three-year community-based research study and discusses the implications of these findings as they relate to building college-community relationships in face-to-face and digital contexts. Researchers collected data on digital deliverables and on the work process itself. The study partnered a university writing center with an adult education program and a state employment agency to develop online literacy resources housed on a widely used OWL. The resources were designed to help marginalized populations pass the writing section of the GED and compose cover letters and resumes. The study was driven by these questions: (a) how might mixed-methods research help writing studies form relationships with local organizations? (b) how might these methods help community members help themselves? (c) what are the outcomes of using these methods? To help answer these questions, researchers used descriptive statistics and grounded theory to code and analyze data. Findings indicate that the project helped researchers: (a) develop a close relationship with community partners; (b) compose deliverables that met partners’ needs; and (c) assist participants in improving their writing. Despite these results, however, participants’ limited adoption of the online material suggests that more research is needed on technology use within at-risk communities.
Critical appraisal of ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among individuals of working age in industrialized nations, with most of the vision loss resulting from diabetic macular edema (DME). The formation of DME depends on the action of several growth factors and inflammatory mediators, but vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be critical for breaking down the blood-retinal barrier and promoting the accumulation of macular edema. Laser photocoagulation has been the standard-of-care for three decades, and although it stabilizes vision, significant gains in visual acuity after treatment are unusual. Several VEGF inhibitors (pegaptanib, aflibercept, and ranibizumab) have been initially developed and tested for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and subsequently for DME. In Phase I, II, and III trials for DME, ranibizumab has been shown to be superior to macular laser photocoagulation and intraocular triamcinolone acetonide injections for improving visual acuity and drying the macula. As a result, ranibizumab is the only anti-VEGF drug that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of DME. Most experts now consider intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy to be standard-of-care for DME involving the fovea.
Theory of the Rainbow

A new theory of the rainbow is proposed and compared with the exact Mie solution. There is good agreement over a much broader range of angles and size parameters than for the Airy theory. The improvement is particularly remarkable for electric polarization. The treatment can be extended to atomic, molecular, and nuclear rainbow scattering.
Bulk-stress effects in double contacts of similar elastic materials

The effects of a remote applied stress on double contacts of similar elastic materials are examined using a numerical method based on Cauchy singular integral equations (SIE). In contrast to single contacts, the space of possible shear configurations is very rich. In many cases, the partial slip problem does not have a contact equivalent. An equation based on displacement continuity is derived to relate the stick-zone extents for any shear configuration; this equation is essential for the solution of general partial slip problems involving two stick-zones. A shear configuration map that shows the types of partial slip solution that occur for various shear load-remote bulk-stress combinations is obtained for biquadratic indenters. Lastly, it is shown that it is possible to predict the shear configuration in some cases for double cylindrical indenters.
Plasma melatonin levels in Japanese quail exposed to dim light are determined by subjective interpretation of day and night, not light intensity.

Abstract Plasma melatonin levels were measured in male Japanese quail exposed to lighting schedules consisting of combinations of bright light (2000 or 1500 1x), darkness, or dim light (2 lx) or to constant dim light. Melatonin levels in dim light were dependent upon the relative intensity of accompanying phases, being significantly higher when dim light was subjective night than when it was subjective day. There was no significant melatonin rhythm in constant dim light, even on the first day of constant dim light exposure. Melatonin levels were intermediate when dim light was accompanied by both bright light and darkness. These results indicate that melatonin secretion in birds does not depend solely on light intensity. Furthermore, these results suggest that the avian circadian system may be more sensitive to environmental cues than its mammalian counterpart.
Temperature-dependent Mg, Fe distribution in a lunar olivine

The nuclear hyperfine doublets of Fe-57 at the two nonequivalent octahedrally coordinated positions M1 and M2 in an olivine from lunar basalt 12018 have been analyzed in the temperature range between 250 and 450 C. The Mg(2+), Fe(2+) is somewhat ordered, the Fe(2+) occupancy being greater at one of the two M positions by approximately 20%. After heating at 1155 C for seven days, the distribution was almost completely disordered. Studies of natural and heated olivines from terrestrial rocks show that the Mg(2+), Fe(2+) exchange reaction in olivines is considerably more sluggish than in chain silicates. Generally no change in site occupancy can be observed after heating at temperatures of approximately 900 C over several days. The observed degree of ordering in the lunar olivine is indicative of slow cooling during crystallization.
Centip3De: A Cluster-Based NTC Architecture With 64 ARM Cortex-M3 Cores in 3D Stacked 130 nm CMOS

We present Centip3De, a large-scale 3D CMP with a cluster-based near-threshold computing (NTC) architecture. Centip3De uses a 3D stacking technology in conjunction with 130 nm CMOS. Measured results for a two-layer, 64-core system are discussed, with the system achieving 3930 DMIPS/W energy efficiency, which is >; 3x improvement over traditional operation at full supply voltage. This project demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale 3D design, a synergy between 3D and NTC architectures, a unique cluster-based NTC cache design, and how to maximize performance in a thermally-constrained design.
Update on the State of the Journal

The readers of the Journal of Infrastructure Systems JIS have probably noticed several changes in the Journal during the past 2 years. First, we have added three new Associate Editors to our team—Dr. Benjamin Hobbs, Dr. Pablo Durango-Cohen, and Dr. David Rosowsky—to replace three departing members. Benjamin, Pablo, and David provide strength and expertise in water supply systems analysis, risk analysis, systems and structural reliability, and infrastructure systems optimization. The second change is that we have seen a significant increase in the number of papers published. This change is attributable in part to three special issues that have appeared in the Journal. We have developed special issues for two purposes. One purpose was to increase the number of submissions. The other reason was to attract a new group of authors, writing in either young areas of scholarship or established areas within the original scope of JIS. In 2004 and 2005, we published two special issues in the field of infrastructure systems sustainability, both of which were coedited by Dr. Arpad Horvath who became an Associate Editor of JIS 3 years ago and Dr. H. Scott Matthews. Arpad and Scott were successful in attracting a large pool of submissions, which produced a sufficient number of accepted papers to produce the two special issues. The third special issue, edited by Dr. Ken Maser, focused on the field of automated Inspection of infrastructure sys-
Regularly Alternating Copoly(amide−enaminonitriles)

Regularly alternating copolymers of aromatic amide and enaminonitrile groups were synthesized by solution polycondensation of diamines containing preformed amide or enaminonitrile groups with m- or p-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene or aromatic diacid chlorides, respectively. Most of the copolymers were high molecular weight materials ([η]DMF = 1.0−3.1). The copolymers were soluble in proton-accepting solvents and showed high glass transition temperatures in the range 262−320 °C. The enaminonitrile groups underwent curing between 300 and 350 °C, as do homopoly(enaminonitriles). The thermal stability (air and nitrogen) of the copolymers was good to excellent. In general, the predominantly para-substituted copolymers showed lower thermal stability than the corresponding homopoly(enaminonitriles) and Kevlar, while higher thermal stability was exhibited by the meta-substituted copolymers when compared to Nomex.
Depletion-Driven Phase Separation and Reversible Aggregation in Confined Colloidal Mixtures

The kinetics of size segregation in quasi-two-dimensional binary mixtures of nearly-hard-sphere colloids were studied with video microscopy. During the transient fluid-fluid phase separation that occurs as an intermediate step in the formation of isolated large-sphere crystallites, the structure factor of the (larger) minority component exhibits a spinodal-like evolution, while the cluster-size distribution exhibits scaling reminiscent of colloidal aggregation. The scaled distributions suggest a crossover from power-law (x 1) behavior, where x = k/s is the ratio of the cluster-size index to the average cluster size. A phenomenological explanation based on the reversible Smoluchowski equation is proposed.
Networks of Queues with Customers, Signals and Arbitrary Service Time Distributions

We consider a network of queues with multiple classes of customers, signals, and arbitrary service time distributions. The signals bring commands to the service nodes and may trigger customers to move instantly within the network. We consider symmetric service disciplines e.g., processor sharing, LIFO preemptive, infinite server similar to those in F. Kelly Kelly, F. 1979. Reversibility and Stochastic Networks. John Wiley, New York., and show that when each node has a single server operating under a symmetric service discipline, the stationary distribution has a product-form solution. The product form, however, depends on the service time distributions of customers at each node beyond their means. This is in contrast to the insensitivity result of the conventional Jackson networks and can be attributed to the effect of signals. When the nodes have multiple servers in parallel, the usual definition of signals does not lead to a product-form solution. We propose a new definition of signals that depends on the service effort and provides a product-form solution.
The liver plays an important role in the regulation of somatostatin-14 in the rat

Since little is known about the in viva disposition of circulating somatostatin- 14 (SRIF- 14), we examined hepatic processing of SRIF-14 in the rat. Three minutes after the intraportal injection of iodine 125 (1251)-labeled SRIF-14, 16.0 f 2.0% of the injected dose is localized to the liver. In the presence of unlabeled SRIF-14, hepatic uptake can be decreased by 68%. Five minutes after the intraportal injection of ‘251-SRIF-14, 9.5 f 1.4% of the tracer is localized to the liver, more than any other organ tested. Serial collections of bile reveal peak radioactivity at between 10 and 20 minutes. Simultaneous administration of unlabeled SRIF-14 decreases biliary radioactivity by 40%. HPLC analysis of radioactive bile reveals a chromatographic profile similar to that of intact SRIF and is 73% immunoprecipitable by an anti-SRIF antibody. Pretreatment with chloroquine, a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, does not significantly decrease biliary radioactivity. We conclude that the data are consistent with saturable hepatic uptake and predominantly nonlysosomal transcellular transport.
Resistance of Fomblin Z-Type Lubricants to Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Decomposition: Effect of the Chemical and Electronic Structure of End-Groups

In the present paper, the effect of the chemical and electronic structure of the Fomblin Z-type lubricant end-group on the Lewis acid-catalyzed decomposition is studied by both Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) molecular orbital calculations. TGA results of the mixture of Z-type lubricants and ZrO 2 show that the structure of the end-groups significantly affects the thermal stability of the lubricants in the presence of a Lewis acid. The DFT calculation results suggest that the reactivity of the end-groups and thus the resistance of various lubricants to Lewis acid-catalyzed decomposition are affected by the lubricant molecular orbital structure.
Cyclic Sedimentation Within Point Lookout Formation (Upper Cretaceous)--A Model for Strandline Progradation and Sandstone Distribution: ABSTRACT

The regressive marine Point Lookout Sandstone in the southeastern San Juan basin, New Mexico, was deposited under conditions of relatively low wave energy, moderate tidal strength, and locally moderate fluvial input. Two idealized coarsening-upward vertical profiles characterize the preserved lithologic record. The first profile, documenting strike-aligned sandstones dominated by wave processes, is composed of the upward progression: offshore mudstone--offshore transition mudstone to sandstone--lower shoreface sandstone--upper shoreface sandstone--estuarine sandstone. The second vertical profile, reflecting local fluvial input and dip-aligned sandstone bodies, is typified by the upward progression: offshore mudstone--offshore transition (prodelta) mudstone to sandstone--d lta-front sandstone--estuarine and tidal distributary sandstone. In both profiles, subaerial beachface and shallowest marine lithofacies are rarely preserved due to erosion and replacement by estuarine sandstones during seaward strandline migration. Basinwide regression of the Point Lookout formation consists of numerous small-scale asymmetric transgressive-regressive cycles. Mappable erosive and/or non-depositional surfaces characterize transgressive events which separate genetically equivalent progradational sandstones. Duration of these small-order cycles is broadly estimated in the range of 104 years, probably at less than 50,000 years each. Cycle geometry is dependent upon the interplay of sedimentation rate and submergence, such that sedimentation rate controls the down-dip progradational sandstone width, and submergence influences the total cycle thickness. Because differences in thickness within the overall Point Lookout formation result from variability in cycle overlap (stacking), an understanding of cycle ge metry allows prediction of local stratigraphic pinchouts which may serve as stratigraphic traps for hydrocarbons. End_of_Article - Last_Page 541------------
Tie1-Tie2 interactions mediate functional differences between angiopoietin ligands

The Tie family of endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinases is essential for cell proliferation, migration, and survival during angiogenesis. Despite considerable similarity, experiments with Tie1- or Tie2-deficient mice highlight distinct functions for these receptors in vivo. The Tie2 receptor is further unique with respect to its structurally homologous ligands. Angiopoietin-2 and -3 can function as agonists or antagonists; angiopoietin-1 and -4 are constitutive agonists. To address the role of Tie1 in angiopoietin-mediated Tie2 signaling and determine the basis for the behavior of the individual angiopoietins, we used an in vivo FRET-based proximity assay to monitor Tie1 and -2 localization and association. We provide evidence for Tie1-Tie2 complex formation on the cell surface and identify molecular surface areas essential for receptor-receptor recognition. We further demonstrate that the Tie1-Tie2 interactions are dynamic, inhibitory, and differentially modulated by angiopoietin-1 and -2. Based on the available data, we propose a unified model for angiopoietin-induced Tie2 signaling.
Normal theory sample size formulas for some nonnormal distributions

Sample size procedures of T- and F-tests for some nonnormal distributions are discussed. An adaptation to the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests is mentioned.
Perturbation Treatment of Hartree-Fock Equations

For atomic configurations ($1{s}^{2}$), ($1{s}^{2}2s$), and ($1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}$) perturbation theory has been used to obtain ($\frac{1}{Z}$) expansions for the Hartree-Fock energies.
Protein phosphatase 2A subunit gene haplotypes and proliferative breast disease modify breast cancer risk.

BACKGROUND: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major cellular phosphatase and plays key regulatory roles in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Women who are diagnosed with benign proliferative breast disease are at increased risk for the subsequent development of breast cancer. METHODS: The authors evaluated genetic variation of PP2A holoenzyme subunits for their potential contribution to breast cancer risk. A nested case-control investigation was performed on a cohort of women who had a history of benign breast disease. The women were followed for an average of 18 years, and DNA prepared from the original archival benign breast biopsy (1954-1995) was available for 450 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer on follow-up and for 890 of 900 women in a control group who were matched on race, age, and year of entry biopsy. RESULTS: Single allele-based and haplotype-based tests of association were conducted with assessment of significance by permutation testing. Significant risk and protective haplotypes of the PP2A structural/regulatory subunit A α isoform (PPP2R1A) were identified and had odds ratios of 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.1) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.41-0.76), respectively. These odds ratios remained significant after the analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons. Women who had both the PPP2R1A risk haplotype and a history of proliferative breast disease had an odds ratio of 2.44 (95% CI, 1.7-3.5) for the subsequent development of breast cancer. The effects of haplotypes for 2 PP2A regulatory subunit genes, PP2 regulatory subunit B α isoform (PPP2R2A) and PP2A regulatory subunit B′ ϵ isoform (PPP2R5E) on breast cancer risk were nominally significant but did not remain significant after the analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings supported the previously hypothesized role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.