cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The cloning, genomic organization and tissue expression profile of the human DLG5 gene.

Background Familial atrial fibrillation, an autosomal dominant disease, was previously mapped to chromosome 10q22. One of the genes mapped to the 10q22 region is DLG5, a member of the MAGUKs (Membrane Associated Gyanylate Kinase) family which mediates intracellular signaling. Only a partial cDNA was available for DLG5. To exclude potential disease inducing mutations, it was necessary to obtain a complete cDNA and genomic sequence of the gene.
The complement fixation test in the diagnosis of amebiasis.

Summary The high loads were found to have the following main causes, which occured together in many work situations: 1.The records of 1,370 patients, on whom complement fixation tests for amebiasis were performed, were reviewed. 2.This test, as performed at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was found to be especially valuable in the diagnosis of amebic liver involvement. A negative test in this complication of amebiasis was found in only 1 case and a doubtful positive in 2 cases of 25 studied. 3.In intestinal amebiasis the test was positive in 17.5 per cent of cases. 4.Only 1 patient in 8 cases of amebic granuloma of the colon had a positive test. Two of these patients had Endamoeba histolytica in their stools and 2 had E. histolytica in the biopsy specimens from rectal lesions.
Aerobic growth and respiration of a delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (hemA) mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

Oxygen-dependent growth of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum hemA mutant MLG1 (M.L. Guerinot and B.K. Chelm, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1837-1841, 1986) was demonstrated in cultured cells in the absence of exogenous delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), but growth of analogous mutants of Rhizobium meliloti or of Escherichia coli was not observed unless ALA was added to the yeast extract-containing media. No heme could be detected in extracts of strain MLG1 cells as measured by the absorption or by the peroxidase activity of the heme moiety, but the rates of growth and endogenous respiration of the mutant were essentially identical to those found in the parent strain. A role for ALA in the viability of strain MLG1 could not be ruled out since the ALA analog levulinic acid inhibited growth, but neither ALA synthase nor glutamate-dependent ALA synthesis activity was found in the mutant. The data show that the cytochromes normally discerned in wild-type B. japonicum cultured cells by absorption spectroscopy are not essential for aerobic growth or respiration.
On trusting introductions from a reputable source: A utility-maximizing probabilistic approach

In many network environments, a node seeks to expand the number of connections to other nodes who can make valuable transactions possible. In the possible presence of misbehaving nodes, who make harmful transactions possible, each (behaving) node must use discretion on whether to accept a prospective connection. We study this problem when the mechanism for expansion is an introduction-based reputation protocol [1]: a prospective connection between two nodes is offered only by way of introduction via a third party already connected to both nodes, and each node's accept/decline decision is driven by a privately-managed pool of reputations. Our probabilistic analysis exposes a delicate interplay between the policies for managing established and prospective connections as well as assumptions on adversary behavior and information decentralization. Our results are illustrated by examples.
Falls of Rock at Niagara

THE following passages, which will interest geologists, I copy from the Montreal Daily Starof the dates given:—
Toll-like receptor pathway gene expression is associated with human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration.

The innate immune system is a significant component of the brain’s defense against infection, especially as the blood-brain barrier restricts access of the members of the adaptive immune system, such as T and B cells. The innate immune system includes Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Within the central nervous system, they are expressed on glial cells and their expression can be modulated by pathological states. Although their function is to recognize foreign pathogens and stimulate a protective immune response through the production of cytokines and interferons, there is emerging evidence that activation of these receptors can result in neurodegeneration. In the current study, the authors assessed the expression of TLR-related genes, using a customized Superarray gene chip, and correlated the expression findings with indices of neurodegeneration. We found that, using a stringent threshold for statistical significance to overcome the potential problem of multiple statistical testing, there were significant correlations between the expression of nine TLR-related genes and reduction in dendritic and synaptic staining. Two of these genes, TLR4 and SIGIRR, were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the authors demonstrated in vitro at the protein level that human primary astrocytes exposed to the toxic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp120 had a significant increase in TLR4 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings indicate that TLR-related gene expression may contribute to the development of HIV-related neurodegeneration.
STUDIES ON THE VENOUS PULSE. I : A STUDY OF THE DIASTOLIC WAVES OF THE VENOUS PULSE, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE POSSIBILITY OF A WAVE DUE TO THE CONTRACTION OF THE VENOUS REGION OF THE MAMMALIAN HEART.

A wave is described occurring in the venous pulse of man late in the diastolic period. This wave is a diastolic wave, since in an increase in length of the cardiac cycle it follows the h wave at its regular interval and becomes separated from the a wave of the next cardiac cycle. There is no wave on the venous pulse in man which can be referred to a contraction of the region of the great veins or sinus region of the heart. The h wave is a normal occurrence in the venous pulse curve from man and the dog. It occurs, according to the experience in this work, in all normal individuals in which the heart rate is sufficiently slow to prevent its obliteration by the a wave. The x wave, while not infrequent, is not always present in man even when the cardiac cycle is of sufficient length to prevent its obliteration by the a wave. This wave has not been observed in the dog. There is no wave on the venous pulse curve of the dog that can be referred to a contraction of the sinus region of the heart. Extra-systoles from stimulation of the venous region of the dog's heart produce no contraction of this region sufficiently pronounced to be recorded on a venous pulse tracing. After an interval of from 0.07 to 0.I second, representing the interval of veno-auricular conduction plus the latent period of the auricle, the auricle contracts. Extrasystoles from stimulation of the right auricle show, after an interval following the stimulus much shorter than that noted above and representing the latent period of the auricle, an a wave followed by ventricular systole after the usual a-c interval. It would seem probable that the sinus region of the heart, while capable of irritability, conductivity and rhythmicity (Erlanger and Blackman (I6)), does not normally manifest contractility.
Perspectives on Driver Preferences for Dynamic Route Guidance Systems

Insights about the design of route guidance systems based on the needs and desires of drivers who are familiar with the travel network are provided. Results from the ADVANCE Intelligent Transportation System operational test, in which more than 100 drivers used vehicles equipped with dynamic route guidance systems for 2-week periods, suggest that such drivers value real-time traffic information, and they want to incorporate their own knowledge and perspectives into the development of route plans, which they expect to be superior to those prepared by the navigation computer. This suggests that future route guidance systems likely to be targeted at familiar drivers should be based on a sharing of tasks between computer and driver that takes greater advantage of driver knowledge than that considered in current designs. Specifically, the driver should be able to take more responsibility for route planning, with the computer responsible mainly for traffic congestion data acquisition, organization and storage, and evaluation of driver-defined routes.
Specific kinetic features of nitriding of titanium caused by phase-structural transformations

We model analytically the high-temperature (T = 1000°С) nitriding of titanium. The role of nitrogen as an α-stabilizer in the formation of a three-layer diffusion zone is analyzed. The problem of nitrogen diffusion in this inhomogeneous medium is solved with regard for the motion of interfaces. We calculate constants of the parabolic growth of layers, which enables us to predict the distribution of nitrogen in the diffusion zone. The evolution (after holding for 1 and 5 h) of the microstructure of a diffusion layer caused by structural-phase transformation during hydrogen diffusion is detected.
Behavioral responses to prey density by three acarine predator species with different degrees of polyphagy.

Behavioral responses by three acarine predators, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Typhlodromus occidentalis, and Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae), to different egg and webbing densities of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on rose leaflets were studied in the laboratory. Prey patches were delineated by T. urticae webbing and associated kairomones, which elicit turning back responses in predators near the patch edge. Only the presence of webbing affected predator behavior; increased webbing density did not increase patch time. Patch time increased with increased T. urticae egg density in the oligophagous P. persimilis, but was density independent in the polyphagous species T. occidentalis and A. andersoni. Patch time in all three species was more strongly correlated with the number of prey encounters and attacks than with the actual prey number present in the patch. Patch time was determined by (a) the turning back response near the patch edge; this response decayed through time and eventually led to the abandonment of the patch, and (b) encounters with, and attacks upon, prey eggs; these prolonged patch time by both an increment of time spent in handling or rejecting prey and an increment of time spent searching between two successive prey encounters or attacks. Although searching efficiency was independent of prey density in all three species, the predation rate by P. persimilis decreased with prey density because its searching activity (i.e. proportion of total patch time spent in searching) decreased with prey density. Predation rates by T. occidentalis and A. andersoni decreased with prey density because their searching activity and success ratio both decreased with prey density. The data were tested against models of predator foraging responses to prey density. The effects of the degree of polyphagy on predator foraging behavior were also discussed.
Vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coli K12 does not require the btuE gene of the btuCED operon.

Transport of vitamin B12 across the cytoplamic membrane ofEscherichia coli requires the products ofbtuC andbtuD, two genes in thebtuCED operon. The role ofbtuE, the central gene of this operon, was examined. Deletions withinbtuE were constructed by removal of internal restriction fragments and were crossed onto the chromosome by allelic replacement. In-frame deletions that removed 20% or 82% of thebtuE coding region did not affect expression of the distalbtuD gene. These nonpolar deletions had little effect on vitamin B12 binding (whole cells or periplasmic fraction) and transport. They did not affect the utilization of vitamin B12 or other cobalamins for methionine biosynthesis, even in strains with decreased outer membrane transport of vitamin B12. ThebtuE mutations did not impair adenosyl-cobalamin dependent catabolism of ethanolamine or repression ofbtuB expression. Thus, despite its genetic location in the transport operon, thebtuE product plays no essential role in vitamin B12 transport.
Hemodynamic low-frequency oscillation reflects resting-state neuronal activity in rodent brain

Brain functional connectivity is mapped using spontaneous low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in blood-oxygen-leveldependent (BOLD) signals using fMRI. However, the origin of spontaneous BOLD oscillations remains elusive. Specifically, the coupling of regional hemodynamic LFOs to neuronal activity in a resting brain is rarely examined directly. Here we present a method based on instantaneous-frequency (IF) analysis to detect regional LFOs of cerebral blood flow (CBF) along with local-field potential (LFP) changes of neurons in resting state to study neurovascular coupling. CBF and LFP were simultaneously acquired using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and electroencephalography in the rat’s somatosensory cortex with high temporal resolution (i.e., 20Hz for CBF and 2kHz for LDF, respectively). Instead of fast Fourier transform analysis, a peak-detection algorithm was used to define the LFP activities and CBF spontaneous oscillations in the time domain and the time lapses were used to calculate the IFs of hemodynamic (i.e., CBF) oscillations and neuronal (i.e., LFP) activities. Our results showed that the CBF mostly oscillated at ~0.1Hz with a full-half-bandwidth of [0.08Hz, 0.15Hz]. In addition, the maximal frequency of LFP firings was also approximately at 0.1Hz, which collaborated with to the frequency of CBF oscillations. Interestingly, CBF increased linearly with the LFP activity up to 0.15Hz (r=0.93), and both signals then decreased rapidly as a function of activity frequency. This indicates the spontaneous hemodynamic LFOs were associated with neuronal activities, thus confirming the neuronal origin of the hemodynamic oscillations.
RELATIVISTIC MAGNETO-IONIC THEORY FOR DRIFTING PLASMA IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

The magneto-ionic theory for drifting plasma at large drift velocities is discussed by using Einstein's special theory of relativity and the Lorentz transformation, for the case where the drift velocity, the static magnetic field, and the electromagnetic wave propagation are all in the same longitudinal direction. It is shown that the algebraic equation thus found for the refractive index is identical with the one found previously in the first-order approximation for small drift velocities.
Predicting the Outcome of Construction Litigation Using Neural Networks

In this study, neural networks were used to predict the outcome of construction litigation. Disagreements between the owner and the contractor can arise from such considerations as interpretation of the contract, changes made by the owner, differing site conditions, acceleration and suspension of work, and so forth. When there are disagreements between the contractor and the owner, the result is the inefficient use of resources and higher costs for both the owner and the contractor, as well as damage to the reputation of both sides. Neural networks may help to predict the outcome of construction claims that are normally affected by a large number of complex and interrelated factors. Data composed of characteristics of cases and circuit and appellate court decisions were extracted from cases filed in Illinois appellate courts in the last 12 years. A network was trained using these data, and a rate of prediction of 67% was obtained. If the parties to a dispute know with some certainty how the case would be resolved if it were taken to court, it is believed that the number of disputes could be reduced greatly.
The dynamic state of liver nucleolar proteins as reflected by their changes during administration of thioacetamide.

Abstract During the nucleolar hypertrophy produced by thioacetamide treatment, a series of rapid changes occur in nucleolar proteins, some of which are markedly decreased and others, associated with synthesis of preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles, are markedly increased in amount. These changes were studied by one- and two- dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 0.4 N H 2 SO 4 soluble nucleolar proteins, which showed an overall increase in the ratio of nonhistone proteins to histones following thioacetamide treatment. Most spots that increased in size and density had electrophoretic mobilities of proteins of the preribosomal ribonucleo-protein particles. One spot (A25) remained constant in size and density during the course of the treatment. Interestingly, marked decreases were found very early in two protein spots (A11 and A24) while two other protein spots (C13 and C14) decreased slowly with time. These results indicate that the nucleolus rapidly exhibits multifaceted changes during alterations in cell function.
Corequirement of PICK1 Binding and PKC Phosphorylation for Stable Surface Expression of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR7

The presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mGluR7 modulates excitatory neurotransmission by regulating neurotransmitter release and plays a critical role in certain forms of synaptic plasticity. Although the dynamic regulation of mGluR7 surface expression governs a form of metaplasticity in the hippocampus, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating mGluR7 trafficking. We now show that mGluR7 surface expression is stabilized by both PKC phosphorylation and by receptor binding to the PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Phosphorylation of mGluR7 on serine 862 (S862) inhibits CaM binding, thereby increasing mGluR7 surface expression and receptor binding to PICK1. Furthermore, in mice lacking PICK1, PKC-dependent increases in mGluR7 phosphorylation and surface expression are diminished, and mGluR7-dependent plasticity at mossy fiber-interneuron hippocampal synapses is impaired. These data support a model in which PICK1 binding and PKC phosphorylation act together to stabilize mGluR7 on the cell surface in vivo.
A Comparative Investigation of Principal Behavior and School Climate

Research suggests that schools influence the behavioral characteristics of principals. This study investigated the behavioral characteristics of elementary principals as they relate to school climate. The method included the col lection of data on thirty-one randomly selected elementary schools and the behavioral characteristics of their prin cipals. Statistical analysis was accomplished by means of canonical correlation analysis and trend analysis. A sig nificant relationship was revealed between the principal's interpersonal orientation and the school climate, which remained stable over a period of 8 months. As the length of the principal's incumbency increased, the level of sig nificance of the relationship between his behavioral characteristics and school climate increased. The findings indi cate the presence of a compelling school climate stability which has the effect of socializing the principal's behavior. THE HISTORY of the role of the principal illustrates shifts in emphasis from the strict cus todial orientation in the scientific management era to the occasional laissez faire practices of the 1930's in the name of human relations. The man ner of viewing the influence of the principal over the school and the school over the principal has varied throughout the history of public education. The problem of this inquiry was focused on the nature of the relationship of principal behavior and school climate in the present era of public education. Specifically, the purpose was to ana lyze the behavior of the elementary school prin cipal in the school climate. Theoretical Framework The relationship of the elementary principal to his school can be conceptualized by means of the social system model elaborated by Getzels (3). The framework presumes that social behavior functions within the context of a social system. On this basis the observable behavior of the prin cipal is a result of the engagement of the charac teristic pattern of his expressive behavior with the normative role expectations defined by the school and the larger school system. Specifically, social systems theory provides the conceptual base from which the principal's behavior can be viewed as the result of the interaction between his role expectations and his need-dispositions. Parsons (9) more explicitly refers to values and orientations as the primary behavioral founda tions. The school climate is conceptualized as "the interaction between the task-achievement and the needs-satisfaction dimensions within the organi
Near-infrared astronomy with adaptive optics and laser guide stars at the Keck Observatory

A laser guide star adaptive optics system is being built for the W. M. Keck Observatory`s 10-meter Keck II telescope. Two new near infra-red instruments will be used with this system: a high-resolution camera (NIRC 2) and an echelle spectrometer (NIRSPEC). The authors describe the expected capabilities of these instruments for high-resolution astronomy, using adaptive optics with either a natural star or a sodium-layer laser guide star as a reference. They compare the expected performance of these planned Keck adaptive optics instruments with that predicted for the NICMOS near infra-red camera, which is scheduled to be installed on the Hubble Space Telescope in 1997.
Separation of Chlorophylls c(1) and c(2) from Pigment Extracts of Pavlova gyrans by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Chlorophylls c1 and c2 have been separated from total pigment extracts of the alga Pavlova gyrans Butcher using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system. Pigments were separated on a 5 micrometer C18 column (25 centimeters × 4.6 millimeters) using a gradient of methanol-acetonitrile-water. Other photosynthetic pigments were also well resolved by the system used. The separation system described may replace current thin layer chromatography methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of chlorophyll c species.
Baryon Number in Chiral Bag Models

When a massless, isospinor Dirac field is confined to a finite region of space by means of a chiral boundary condition parametrized by an angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$, the baryon number of the vacuum is shown to be $(\frac{\ensuremath{\chi}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}})(\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{-}sin\ensuremath{\theta}cos\ensuremath{\theta})$ where $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is the Euler characteristic of the bounding surface. Some implications for chiral bag models are discussed.
Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common, but largely undiagnosed in the general population. Information on demographic patterns of SDB occurrence and its predictive factors in the general population is needed to target high-risk groups that may benefit from diagnosis. Methods The sample comprised 5615 community-dwelling men and women aged between 40 and 98 years who were enrolled in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Data were collected by questionnaire, clinical examinations, and in-home polysomnography. Sleep-disordered breathing status was based on the average number of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]). We used multiple logistic regression modeling to estimate cross-sectional associations of selected participant characteristics with SDB defined by an AHI of 15 or greater. Results Male sex, age, body mass index, neck girth, snoring, and repeated breathing pause frequency were independent, significant correlates of an AHI of 15 or greater. People reporting habitual snoring, loud snoring, and frequent breathing pauses were 3 to 4 times more likely to have an AHI of 15 or greater vs an AHI less than 15, but there were weaker associations for other factors with an AHI of 15 or greater. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for an AHI of 15 or greater vs an AHI less than 15 were 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, for 1-SD increments in body mass index and neck girth. As age increased, the magnitude of associations for SDB and body habitus, snoring, and breathing pauses decreased. Conclusions A significant proportion of occult SDB in the general population would be missed if screening or case finding were based solely on increased body habitus or male sex. Breathing pauses and obesity may be particularly insensitive for identifying SDB in older people. A better understanding of predictive factors for SDB, particularly in older adults, is needed.
Elise Boulding's Rhetoric: An Invitation to Peace

Elise Boulding has been an important voice in the American peace movement. In this paper, I examine Boulding's speeches with the goal of continuing the critique of peace rhetors toward the discovery of a peace rhetoric theory. The implications are clear that when there is a potential for conflict and war, the critique of rhetorical strategies used can lead to a better understanding of how people can learn to live peacefully with one another. Sonja J. Foss and Cindy L. Griffin's invitational rhetoric is a useful starting point to highlight some important features of Boulding's rhetoric.
An approach to the validation of the Szondi test through a systematic study of unreliability.

Research work with projective techniques is teaching us more sophisticated and basically valid conceptions of reliability. In the earlier days of psychological testing, we thought that a test was reliable if it (or its component parts, or equivalent forms) always gave us nearly the same scores. As soon as one starts dealing with more variable features of personality than total intelligence, using tools which are sensitive enough for the purpose, he discovers that it is unreasonable to require a test always to give the same results. Such a requirement would make sense only if we could properly conceive of personality as a static, fixed entity, instead of the dynamic (that is, moving and changing) process that it is. Would a pilot in the Rockies want a “reliable” altimeter that always gave the same reading? Certainly not. In such a case the instrument’s validity would depend on its giving constantly changing values, as long as the plane was in motion. Of course, when the actual distance between plane and ground was constant, the reading should be also. A barometric altimeter, which varies with humidity as well as altitude, would then be less reliable than one which worked by radar.
Change in Microstructure Parameters of Porous Media Over Representative Elementary Volume for Porosity

The concept of representative elementary volume (REV) is critical to understand and predict the behavior of effective properties of complex heterogeneous materials in a multiscale manner. Porosity is usually used to define the REV of a given material, if porosity is stationary over consecutive volumetric increments, the sample is considered as REV regardless of the behavior of other microstructure properties. To investigate this common assumption, the change of key microstructure parameters such as local void ratio, sphericity, angularity, and coordination number of particles was computed over different volumes of REV for porosity. X-ray computed tomography was used to obtain three-dimensional volumes of natural sand packed at four different particle fragments. Efficient and robust algorithms were used to compute the microstructure properties from three-dimensional images. Findings revealed that the REVmin for porosity may not be adequate to be considered as a REV for parameters such as particle size dist...
Investigation of sooting in microgravity droplet combustion

This investigation describes experiments performed at the 2.2-s microgravity facility at NASA-Lewis Research Center using n -heptane droplets burning in atmospheric pressure air. The transient soot distributions within the region bounded by the droplet surface and the flame were measured using a full-field light-extinction technique and subsequent tomographic inversion using Abel transforms. It has been speculated that under microgravity conditions, the absence of buoyancy and the effects of thermophoresis create a situation in which high concentrations of soot accumulate into a soot cloud. This study presents the first quantitative measurements of the degree of sooting for microgravity droplet combustion. Results indicate that the soot concentrations for microgravity heptane droplet flames (with maximum soot volume fractions ≈60 ppm) are significantly higher than corresponding values that are reported for normal-gravity flames (which are typically ∼1 ppm). Since the accumulated soot represents incomplete combustion and can also modify the heat-transfer mechanism by altering the local temperature distributions within the fuel-rich region, sooting effects can significantly influence the burning behavior under microgravity conditions. Experiments were also performed to asses the droplet-size-dependent effects on the sooting behavior. Initial experiments using 1.0 and 1.75 mm initial diameter droplets indicate that while the distribution of soot volume fractions are comparable for the two cases (for the observation times that were available), the ratio of the instantaneous mass of soot contained within the fuel-rich region for the 1.75-mm droplet compared to the 1.0-mm droplet was more than a factor of 3. This ratio is also expected to increase for longer observations.
Superconvergent Dispersion Relations and Electromagnetic Mass Differences

Using dispersion relations and the convergence properties of $t$-channel isospin amplitudes, we show that (a) $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=2$ electromagnetic mass difference should be correctly obtained by summing the self-energy contributions of a few low-lying states; (b) $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$ mass differences cannot be obtained in this way, and a subtraction term is always necessary; (c) the subtraction term has the correct sign for explaining the proton-neutron mass difference.
Experimental study of standing edge waves

Fundamental properties of standing edge waves are investigated experimentally in a physical model with a uniformly and mildly sloping beach with a straight shoreline. Using a unique experimental set-up, quantitative measurements for the detailed nonlinear effects of edge waves are obtained. The experimental results are generally in good agreement with the theoretical predictions (Guza & Bowen 1976a and Rockliff 1978) including the offshore profile, dispersion relation, and the outgoing radiated waves generated by the nonlinear interaction of edge waves. The observed behaviour of the excitation process of ‘forced’ edge waves by the wavemaker can be predicted qualitatively by the inviscid theory, whereas the damping process of ‘free’ edge waves is governed by the viscous effects, i.e. the theoretical (inviscid) prediction totally underestimates the actual damping phenomenon in the laboratory.
Curriculum Currency: Integrating Direct and Interactive Marketing Content in Introductory Marketing Courses.

This study investigates the extent to which educators address direct and interactive marketing concepts in undergraduate introductory marketing courses. As practitioners seek more accountability from their marketing efforts, so too must academia respond with more relevant content. Results from textbook content analysis suggest that direct and interactive marketing content coverage has grown significantly over the past decade, but survey results from marketing faculty indicate coverage in the classroom lags. This study establishes a baseline of the related topic coverage in introductory marketing courses and suggests a variety of teaching resources to integrate direct and interactive marketing content to improve curricular currency without trying to add more to an already “saturated sponge.”
Dynamic imaging with lanthanide chelates in normal brain: contrast due to magnetic susceptibility effects.

Using a one-dimensional rapid imaging technique, we have found that injection of lanthanide chelates such as Gd(DTPA)2− leads to a significant decrease (50%) in rat brain signal intensity at 1.45 T using T2-weighted pulse sequences; however, no effect of comparable size is observed with T1-weighted pulse sequences. The transient effect and its kinetics were followed with a temporal resolution of between 1 and 8 s. Experiments with different lanthanide chelates show that the observed decrease in signal intensity correlates with the magnetic moment of each agent but not with their longitudinal relaxivity. Three-dimensional chemical-shift resolved experiments demonstrate significant line broadening in brain during infusion with Dy(DTPA)2− Our results show that the cause of this effect is the difference in susceptibility between the capillaries, containing the contrast agent, and the surrounding tissue. As a result of these susceptibility differences, field gradients are produced in the tissue and diffusion of water through these gradients leads to a loss of spin phase coherence and thus a decrease in signal intensity. We propose this as a new type of contrast agent mechanism in NMR. The effect and its kinetics are likely to be related to important physiological parameters such as cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow, and do not depend on a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier as do conventional contrast agent techniques. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Spectroscopic Studies of the Visible and Infrared Luminescence from Er Doped GaN

Abstract The visible and infrared luminescence of erbium doped gallium nitride prepared by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) and solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE) were investigated as a function of excitation wavelength and temperature. Both samples exhibited 1.54 μm Er 3+ photoluminescence (PL), but only GaN:Er (SSMBE) showed visible PL lines at 537 and 558 nm. Excitation wavelength dependent PL measurements revealed the existence of multiple Er sites leading to an inhomogeneous line broadening of the Er 3+ intra-4f PL under above-gap pumping. A significant narrowing of the green Er 3+ PL lines was observed when pumping resonantly into an intra-4f transition. This observation suggests that a specific class of Er 3+ ions was selectively excited. A temperature dependent study of the PL intensity ratio and lifetime of the green Er 3+ lines revealed that the two excited states 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 are thermally coupled. Considering this thermal coupling and assuming that non-radiative decay is negligibly small at low temperatures, the green luminescence efficiency at room temperature was estimated to be near unity.
Programming Solutions to Capital Rationing Problems

Mathematical programming approaches to the choice of capital expenditure projects under conditions of funds constraint have been widely advocated in the literature of finance. The present paper takes exception to such suggestions, and concludes that programming is not only excessively costly and complex for most practical applications, but is frequently incorrect in the decisions it implies. A technique for allocating funds via an adjusted Excess Present Value Index is developed and proposed as a superior analytical framework.
Hormonal control of endometrial glycogen metabolism in the Macaca arctoides.

Endometrial biopsies obtained throughout the menstrual cycle of the Macaca arctoides show the glycogen content paralleling the serum progesterone fluctuations which occur during the menstrual cycle. Secretory phase samples contained a three-fold higher concentration of glycogen when compared to follicular phase tissue. Changes in the activity levels of the glycogen metabolizing enzymes, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase, during various stages of the menstrual cycle are in accord with the concept that the post-ovulatory increase in endometrial metabolism is a function of progesterone influence on this tissue. Endometrial glycogen synthetase activity remains low during the early proliferative phase of the cycle and becomes significantly elevated (two-to three-fold) during the early secretory phase of the cycle. Glycogen phosphorylase shows a similar cyclicity later in the luteal phase, reaching maximal activity between the seventeenth to nineteenth day of the cycle and remaining elevated through the twenty-sixth day of the cycle. The coincident nature of the rise in peripheral progesterone to increases in uterine glycogen metabolism suggest that progesterone may be the prime modulator of uterine endometrial metabolism during the post-ovulatory phase.
Central nervous system toxicity of cancer therapy in children

Cancer treatment of the central nervous system has contributed positively to long-term disease-free survival from childhood cancers such as acute leukemia and medulloblastoma. However, intrathecal chemotherapy and whole brain radiation are associated with acute, subacute, and delayed toxicities. The purpose of this review article is to summarize what is known about critical events in prenatal and postnatal brain development; the pathophysiology of radiation and chemotherapy neurotoxicity and clinical manifestations and risk factors for acute, subacute, and delayed toxicities. The importance of long-term follow-up and for multidisciplinary interventions that focus on prevention as well as management of identified problems are addressed.
Effect of glycine on prelethal and postlethal increases in calpain activity in rat renal proximal tubules

Effect of glycine on prelethal and postlethal increases in calpain activity in rat renal proximal tubules. The effect of glycine on hypoxia- and ionomycin-induced increases in calpain activity in rat proximal tubules was determined. Calpain activity was determined both in vitro and in the intact cell using the fluorescent substrate N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7- amido-4-methyl coumarin (N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC) and Western blotting for calpain-specific spectrin breakdown products (BDP), respectively. At 7.5 minutes of hypoxia (prelethal injury model) there was a significant (10-fold) increase in in vitro calpain activity that was not inhibited by glycine. At 15 minutes of hypoxia (postlethal injury model) there was a further increase in calpain activity that was inhibited by glycine. Normoxic tubules incubated with the calcium ionophore ionomy-cin (5 µM) for two minutes and 10 minutes had a significant increase in calpain activity that was not inhibited by glycine. After 15 minutes of hypoxia in the presence of glycine, there was an increase in calpain-specific spectrin breakdown products (BDP) in both Triton X-100 soluble and cytosolic extracts from proximal tubules. Glycine in concentrations up to 10mM had no direct effect on the in vitro calpain activity of purified calpains. The present study demonstrates that: (1) prelethal increases in calpain activity stimulated by hypoxia and ionomycin treatment are not affected by glycine; (2) calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown during hypoxia occurs in the presence of glycine; (3) glycine does prevent the additional postlethal increase in calpain activity probably by maintaining membrane integrity to calcium influx.
On the Besov regularity of conformal maps and layer potentials on nonsmooth domains

Abstract We study the Besov regularity of conformal mappings for domains with rough boundary based on the well-posedness for the Dirichlet problem with Besov data. Also, sharp invertibility results for the classical layer potential operators on Sobolev–Besov spaces on the boundary of curvilinear polygons are obtained.
An efficient overloaded method for computing derivatives of mathematical functions in MATLAB

An object-oriented method is presented that computes without truncation the error derivatives of functions defined by MATLAB computer codes. The method implements forward-mode automatic differentiation via operator overloading in a manner that produces a new MATLAB code that computes the derivatives of the outputs of the original function with respect to the differentiation variables. Because the derivative code has the same input as the original function code, the method can be used recursively to generate derivatives of any order desired. In addition, the approach developed in this article has the feature that the derivatives are generated by simply evaluating the function on an instance of the class, thus making the method straightforward to use while simultaneously enabling differentiation of highly complex functions. A detailed description of the method is presented and the approach is illustrated and shown to be efficient on four examples.
Ping-pong ball plombage for right postpneumonectomy syndrome in children.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Right postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare complication of pneumonectomy characterized by exertional dyspnea resulting from mediastinal shift into the empty hemithorax. Historically, this problem has been treated with thoracoplasty, muscle flap transposition, pericardial fixation, and plombage using a variety of materials. Significant postoperative complications have been reported with each of these methods. In an effort to avoid the problems known to be associated with other plombage materials, we have used sterilized ping-pong balls as plombage to treat the postpneumonectomy syndrome. Methods: Two children with pneumonectomy syndrome were treated with ping-pong ball plombage. Results: Symptoms improved immediately in both patients and postoperative chest x-rays in each showed a normal cardiac position. Neither child had a postoperative complication. Six-year follow-up chest films in both children have demonstrated some fluid filling of the ping-pong balls, but no clinical problems attributable to them have been noted. Conclusion: The authors conclude that ping-pong ball plombage appears to be a viable management option in children with right postpneumonectomy syndrome.
Acyclic stereocontrol via the Claisen rearrangement: a formal synthesis of (+) tirandamycic acid

Abstract The optically active lactone 1a, prepared previously by the claisen rearrangement, serves as a starting material for the synthesis of (−) alcohol 7b which has been ultilized by Ireland in the synthesis of tirandamycic acid 8a.
Self-Authoring a Civic Identity: A Qualitative Analysis of Change-Oriented Service Learning

This qualitative case study explored how undergraduate students’ involvement with change-oriented service-learning contributed to their civic-political development. Using Baxter Magolda’s notion of self-authorship as an analytic lens, findings suggested that students’ involvement with change-oriented service-learning led to (a) deeper and more nuanced understandings of citizenship, (b) a developed sense of efficacy as citizens, and (c) an increased awareness of self in relation to others and their communities. Implications for practice in student affairs are addressed.
Figurai vs. configural effects in the filled duration illusion

Patterns varying in form goodness and size were presented for 15, 30, and 45 msec. The experiment included three independent groups of subjects. Half of the first group were presented size variations with good figures, while the other half were shown size variations with poor figures. Half of the second group were presented goodness variations with small figures, while the other half were shown goodness variations with large figures. A third group experienced variations in both goodness and size. The major findings were: (1) poor figures and large figures were judged “longer” than good or small figures when varied within a session; (2) this effect vanished when the different levels of size or goodness were presented to separate groups of subjects; (3) the magnitude of the difference in temporal estimation was the same for size and goodness when each was varied in isolation; (4) when size and form goodness were varied orthogonally in the same session, both dimensions produced reliable changes in temporal estimation. These data are discussed in light of current theoretical explanations of the filled duration illusion.
Networking at the Level of Host Immunity: Immune Cell Interactions during Persistent Viral Infections

Persistent viral infections are the result of a series of connected events that culminate in diminished immunity and the inability to eliminate infection. By building our understanding of how distinct components of the immune system function both individually and collectively in productive versus abortive responses, new potential therapeutic targets can be developed to overcome immune dysfunction and thus fight persistent infections. Using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as a model of a persistent virus infection and drawing parallels to persistent human viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), we describe the cellular relationships and interactions that determine the outcome of initial infection and highlight immune targets for therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat persistent infections. Ultimately, these findings will further our understanding of the immunologic basis of persistent viral infection and likely lead to strategies to treat human viral infections.
Indirect effects of the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis on the mosquito Culex tarsalis

Etude de l'impact indirect de G. affinis sur la survie et le developpement des larves de Culex tarsalis.Dans les enclos sans poisson les moustiques entrent en competition avec les cladoceres et se developpent moins bien que dans les enclos ou les poissons reduisent la population de cladoceres
A function space approach to state and model error estimation for elliptic systems

An approach is advanced for the concurrent estimation of the state and of the model errors of a system described by elliptic equations. The estimates are obtained by a deterministic least-squares approach that seeks to minimize a quadratic functional of the model errors, or equivalently, to find the vector of smallest norm subject to linear constraints in a suitably defined function space. The minimum norm solution can be obtained by solving either a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for the case with continuously distributed data or a related matrix equation for the problem with discretely located measurements. Solution of either one of these equations is obtained in a batch-processing mode in which all of the data is processed simultaneously or, in certain restricted geometries, in a spatially scanning mode in which the data is processed recursively. After the methods for computation of the optimal estimates are developed, an analysis of the second-order statistics of the estimates and of the corresponding estimation error is conducted. Based on this analysis, explicit expressions for the mean-square estimation error associated with both the state and model error estimates are then developed. While this paper focuses on theoretical developments, applications arising in the area of large structure static shape determination are contained in a closely related paper [1].
CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY : CONTACT AND SECRETED FACTORS

The list of cells with cytotoxic potential now may include small resting T cells, but the exact nature of 'lethal hit delivery' by cytotoxic T lymphocytes remains elusive. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes is a complex, multistep process which seems likely to be mediated by several different pathways. Recent experimental evidence for the functioning of a novel cytotoxic mechanism through a target cell's surface receptor illustrates and emphasizes the necessity to study the interactions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells as a whole. Progress is evident in the description of molecular requirements for triggering cytotoxicity, cell-cell contacts and the regulation of the effector responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by extracellular, intracellular and granular proteins. Extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of perforin and protease(s) may explain several aspects of cellular cytotoxicity, whereas the apoptosis-mediating cell surface Fas protein is now implicated in Ca(2+)-independent cytotoxicity.