cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiplexing Firmware Prototypes for the Global Trigger Subsystem of ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade

As part of the ATLAS experiment’s Phase-II Upgrade, improved trigger hardware and algorithms will be implemented onto a single-level architecture. The global trigger (GT) subsystem is a new firmware (FW)-focused project designed to meet stringent requirements from the high-luminosity runs of the large hadron collider (LHC). The global multiplexer (MUX) is the input aggregating stage of the GT; it performs three main tasks: 1) aggregating data from several sources, connected with more than 2300 input fibers, under different protocols; 2) time-multiplexing the incoming data, to sort the packets per bunch-crossing (BC) events, by compensating the relative skews across the various serial input channels; and 3) transmitting, in a round-robin fashion, the sorted BC data to the global event processor (GEP) array, which is the following stage of the GT subsystem and is composed of 48 nodes, each one processing a single BC event. Two MUX FW prototypes for the Global Feature EXtractor (gFEX, part of the liquid argon calorimeter trigger) inputs have been designed, implemented, and validated on a gFEX production board, for up to 72 input and output channels. A four-channel version has been completed with I/O interfaces and validated in a full-chain design, accepting 8b/10b encoded inputs at 11.2 Gb/s and transmitting at 25.78125 Gb/s under Xilinx Aurora 64b/66b protocol. The total latency has been benchmarked in all of its contributing subcomponents and proven to meet the requirements from the Technical Design Report for the Phase-II Upgrade of the trigger and data acquisition system.
The NUDGE trial pragmatic trial to enhance cardiovascular medication adherence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Nearly half of patients do not take their cardiovascular medications as prescribed, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Mobile and digital technologies for health promotion and disease self-management offer an opportunity to adapt behavioral “nudges” using ubiquitous mobile phone technology to facilitate medication adherence. The Nudge pragmatic clinical trial uses population-level pharmacy data to deliver nudges via mobile phone text messaging and an artificial intelligent interactive chat bot with the goal of improving medication adherence and patient outcomes in three integrated healthcare delivery systems. The Theory of mHealth, the Expanded RE-AIM/PRISM, and the PRECIS-2 frameworks were used for program planning, implementation, and evaluation, along with a focus on dissemination and cost considerations. During the planning phase, the Nudge study team developed and piloted a technology-based nudge message and chat bot of optimized interactive content libraries for a range of diverse patients. Inclusion criteria are very broad and include patients in one of three diverse health systems who take medications to treat hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. A target of approximately 10,000 participants will be randomized to one of 4 study arms: usual care (no intervention), generic nudge (text reminder), optimized nudge, and optimized nudge plus interactive AI chat bot. The PRECIS-2 tool indicated that the study protocol is very pragmatic, although there is variability across PRECIS-2 dimensions. The primary effectiveness outcome is medication adherence defined by the proportion of days covered (PDC) using pharmacy refill data. Implementation outcomes are assessed using the RE-AIM framework, with a particular focus on reach, consistency of implementation, adaptations, cost, and maintenance/sustainability. The project has limitations including limited power to detect some subgroup effects, medication complications (bleeding), and longer-term outcomes (myocardial infarction). Strengths of the study include the diverse healthcare systems, a feasible and generalizable intervention, transparent reporting using established pragmatic research and implementation science frameworks, strong stakeholder engagement, and planning for dissemination and sustainment. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03973931 . Registered on 4 June 2019. The study was funded by the NIH; grant number is 4UH3HL144163-02 issued 4/5/19.
Economic incentives and political institutions: Spending and voting in school budget referenda

Abstract Allocation of resources in the local public sector involves economic and political forces. In many U.S. states the bulk of spending on public education is subject to referendum. We link spending proposals to referendum outcomes. Our model makes use of voting data to shed light on the extent to which referenda constrain spending. We use data from school budget referenda in 544 New York school districts for the 1975–1976 school year. Our econometric results and simulations based on them reveal considerable sensitivity of spending to the form of the state grants-in-aid structure, as well as to the referendum requirement. In addition, large school districts appear to behave more like ‘budget maximizers’ than do small districts, where proposals appear more in line with ‘median voter’ demands.
The Template Task Graph (TTG) - an emerging practical dataflow programming paradigm for scientific simulation at extreme scale

We describe TESSE, an emerging general-purpose, open-source software ecosystem that attacks the twin challenges of programmer productivity and portable performance for advanced scientific applications on modern high-performance computers. TESSE builds upon and extends the ParsecDAG/-dataflow runtime with a new Domain Specific Languages (DSL) and new integration capabilities. Motivating this work is our belief that such a dataflow model, perhaps with applications composed in domain specific languages, can overcome many of the challenges faced by a wide variety of irregular applications that are poorly served by current programming and execution models. Two such applications from many-body physics and applied mathematics are briefly explored. This paper focuses upon the Template Task Graph (TTG), which is TESSE's main C++ Api that provides a powerful work/data-flow programming model. Algorithms on spatial trees, block-sparse tensors, and wave fronts are used to illustrate the API and associated concepts, as well as to compare with related approaches.
Dimensional Effects of Core Loss and Design Considerations for High Frequency Magnetics

To date, LLC Resonant converters, are deployed in many applications for improved efficiency, density, and reliability. With the introduction of WBG devices coupled with the soft switching feature, the switching frequency can be extended beyond MHz. With the significant increase in operating frequency, complicated magnetic components can be broken down into a cellular structure, each with few numbers of turns, and can be easily implemented using 4-6 layer of PCB windings. Moreover, integration of the cellular cores using flux cancellation can further improve the power density. The proposed integrated magnetics can be automated in the manufacturing process.With the recently developed high frequency core material, a phenomenon referred to as the dimensional resonant is observed. The effects of dimensional resonance were discussed in the literature when using an unusually large core structure; however, under high excitation frequency, it can be observed more frequently, and particularly with integrated magnetics. This paper discusses the dimensional effects of core loss on a PCB-based magnetics structure. A case study is presented on a 3 kW 400 V-48 V LLC prototype running at 1 MHz. The converter utilizes a low-profile matrix of two integrated transformers with a rectangular and thin cross-section area for reduced core loss. Specific solutions are presented.
Impact of dynamic changes to a bone metastases pathway in a large, integrated, National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center network

Abstract Purpose Studies suggest equivalent pain relief from bone metastases after radiation therapy with >10-fraction regimens and shorter courses. Although American Society for Radiation Oncology evidence-based guidelines and the Choosing Wisely campaign endorse single-fraction treatments and caution against the use of extended courses, publications report single-fraction utilization rates below 5%. We evaluated the impact of our bone metastasis clinical pathway on the adoption of short-course palliative radiation in a large, integrated radiation oncology network. Methods and materials We implemented a clinical pathway for the management of bone metastases in 2003 that required the entry of management decisions into an online tool that subjected off-pathway choices to peer review beginning in 2009. In 2014, the pathway was modified to encourage single-fraction treatments, and the use of >10 fractions was considered off pathway. Data were obtained from 16 integrated sites (4 academic, 12 community) from 2003 through 2014. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to establish factors associated with treatment with a single fraction and with >10 fractions. Results In this study, 12,678 unique courses were delivered. From 2003 to 2008, the single-fraction utilization rate was 7.6%. This increased to 10.9% from 2009 to 2013 and to 15.8% in 2014. The odds ratios for single-fraction use were 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.81) and 2.58 (95% CI, 2.11-3.15) for 2009-2013 and 2014, respectively. Academic physicians were more likely to treat with a single fraction (odds ratio, 5.00; 95% CI, 4.38-5.71). Use of >10-fraction regimens significantly decreased from 18.6% in 2003-2008 to 15.2% in 2009-2013 and 9.7% in 2014. Conclusions Although our single-fraction utilization rate was initially in line with national rates (7.6%), the adoption rate increased to >15%. The use of >10-fraction regimens decreased significantly, predominantly among community practices. By 2014, >90% of courses were delivered with
Use of Fast Green in Agar-Diffusion Microbiological Assays

Microbiological assay plates containing agar stained with fast green and inoculated with test microorganisms could be readily distinguished from unstained seeded agar plates. The boundaries of zones of growth inhibition were more sharply defined in those plates which contained stained agar.
Undergraduate Education in Public Opinion

Although public opinion is a well established profession with a long-standing interest in students’ education (Baxter 1971; Groves 1996), little is known on how the field is taught to undergraduates. This article examines undergraduate education at U.S. colleges and universities on four questions: the number and range of courses in public opinion and survey research, where courses are taught, what topics are taught, and the number of undergraduates annually enrolled in these courses. Undergraduate courses are identified through a stratified list sample, breaking U.S. colleges and universities into three strata: larger public universities (those with 10,000 or more students); smaller public universities and colleges (fewer than 10,000 students); and private universities and colleges. This list is from the 2006–2007 Accredited Institutions of Postsecondary Education (Washington D.C.: American Council on Education, ed., Kenneth A. Von Alt). This article samples schools within the 50 American states (and D.C.), excluding schools without a reported enrollment, and vocational, technical, and specialized colleges and institutes, such as art, architecture, automotive, fashion, paralegal, sports, medical, culinary, court reporting schools, and seminaries. Excluded schools typically have small enrollments, and a spot check indicates no public opinion courses. A total of 213 schools are sampled within three strata, including 72 schools in the first, 71 in the second, and 70 in the third strata, by picking a random initial start point and a skip interval within each stratum. In the descriptions below, mid-sized public schools are further broken down into two groups: those with enrollments of 5,000 to 10,000 students, and those with smaller enrollments. For instructional hours and enrollment estimates, below, the strata are re-weighted to their correct numbers. Within American colleges and universities, public opinion and survey research courses are located in several academic departments and listed under a variety of titles. To identify courses, on-line college catalogs (available for all these schools) were searched for common key words in course titles,
Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection

Mark Monmonier. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xiv and 242 pp., maps, diagrams, photos, notes, bibliography, and index. $25.00 cloth (ISBN 0-226-53431-6). Geographers and cartographers...
Oviductal Localization of the Cortical Granule Lectin Ligand Involved in the Block to Polyspermy of Xenopus Laevis.

The fertilization layer of Xenopus laevis is formed upon egg activation by the binding of the cortical granule lectin (CGL) to its ligand in the egg extracellular matrix. Using Western blotting methods with biotinylated CGL as a probe, oviductal tissue extracts were examined to determine the site of origin of the CGL ligand. Three glycoprotein ligands of Mrs= > 250,000, 160,000, and 90,000 (reduced samples) were localized to the pars convoluta oviduct immediately posterior to the pars recta oviduct. The binding of CGL to these glycoproteins was inhibited in the presence of 200 mM galactose, but not with 200 mM mannose indicating a specific lectin interaction. The Mrs= > 250,000 and 90,000 glycoproteins were linked by disulfide bonds. In addition, these ligands were secreted from a more anterior region of the pars convoluta oviduct than the Mr=160,000 ligand. No binding of CGL was detected to pars recta secretory granule lysate components. The highest molecular weight CGL ligand seen in the pars convoluta corresponded to the CGL ligand in isolated fertilization envelopes. Thus, the CGL ligand involved in the formation of the fertilization layer is a product of the pars convoluta oviduct.
Noninherited Resistance to Antibiotics

Why is it that the rate of mortality of bacteria exposed to bactericidal antibiotics declines with time but sensitive cells survive for hours or even days of exposure? The mechanisms responsible for this persistence have perplexed microbiologists for decades. In his Perspective, Levin discusses a pair of recent studies ( Balaban et al., Miller et al.) that shed light on the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon and the way in which these bacterial persisters emerge. Levin also considers the potential clinical implications of this non-inherited form of resistance to antibiotics.
The Archway Partnership: A Higher Education Outreach Platform for Community Engagement.

The Archway Partnership began as a University of Georgia pilot project and subsequently expanded to a statewide outreach platform for higher education. It has enhanced the university’s understanding of reciprocity and sharing through community-university partnerships. The Archway Partnership is a community-driven process that changes the structure of traditional university-community interaction, with the institution responding to issues at the local level as it seeks the involvement and feedback of the community. Local ownership and commitment to the Archway Partnership process allows flexibility at the community level while providing sufficient structure. Faculty members and students from across the institution gain meaningful partners for learning and research. Through the Archway Partnership outreach platform, the university and communities form a partnership of equals, driven from the ground up in an approach that is grassroots in its conception and implementation.
FISH RECRUITMENT IS INFLUENCED BY RIVER FLOWS AND FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION AT APALACHICOLA RIVER, FLORIDA

High human demand for limited water resources often results in water allocation trade-offs between human needs and natural flow regimes. Therefore, knowledge of ecosystem function in response to varying streamflow conditions is necessary for informing water allocation decisions. Our objective was to evaluate relationships between river flow and fish recruitment and growth patterns at the Apalachicola River, Florida, a regulated river, during 2003–2010. To test relationships of fish recruitment and growth as responses to river discharge, we used linear regression of (i) empirical catch in fall, (ii) back-calculated catch, via cohort-specific catch curves, and (iii) mean total length in fall of age 0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus and spotted sucker Minytrema melanops against spring–summer discharge measures in Apalachicola River. Empirical catch rates in fall for all three species showed positive and significant relationships to river discharge that sustained floodplain inundation during spring–summer. Back-calculated catch at age 0 for the same species showed positive relationships to discharge measures, but possibly because of low sample sizes (n = 4–6), these linear regressions were not statistically significant. Mean total length for age 0 largemouth bass in fall showed a positive and significant relationship to spring–summer discharge; however, size in fall for age 0 redear sunfish and spotted sucker showed no relation to spring–summer discharge. Our results showed clear linkages among river discharge, floodplain inundation and fish recruitment, and they have implications for water management and allocation in the Apalachicola River basin. Managed flow regimes that reduce the frequency and duration of floodplain inundation during spring–summer will likely reduce stream fish recruitment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture of preparedness: household disaster preparedness

Purpose – This paper aims to examine household preparedness in response to disasters and the role of non‐profit organizations in the public's preparedness.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the context of hurricane preparedness of Central Florida residents, using the mail survey method as a data collection tool.Findings – The findings of the study emphasize the importance of household and individual preparedness in response to natural disasters, specifically to hurricanes. If individuals are not ready, then nobody is ready. The paper finds that households, even with significant experience of disasters, can be complacent in response to disasters.Originality/value – The paper focuses on household preparedness and emphasizes that the emergency management community needs to make a significant effort in training households.
Fibronectin-staphylococcal interactions in endovascular infections.

Summary Fibronectin is a large molecular weight protein that is found coating the surfaces of sites where endovascular damage has occurred. These are also the sites most commonly infected by bacteremic strains of staphylococci. Epidemiologic studies show a correlation between expression of fibronectin receptors and development of invasive infections. In vitro studies using cultured cells, artificial matrices containing fibronectin, blood clots, natural inflammatory matrices, and anti-fibronectin antibodies implicate fibronectin as an important ligand for staphylococcal attachment to host tissues and prosthetic devices. In the rat endocarditis model, S. aureus strains that lack the fibronectin receptor due to site-directed mutagenesis were unabe to colonize the traumatized heart valves. These data suggest that the fibronectin receptor on staphylococci is important in the pathogenesis of endovascular infections. Because the fibronectin receptor is widely expressed on pathogenic of staphylococci, a broadly protective vaccine against S. aureus might be possible.
Relationships between the thyroid and somatotropic axes in steers I: Effects of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor I

Abstract The effects of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced thyroid hormone imbalance on GH, TSH and IGF-I status in cattle were examined. In the first study, four crossbred steers (avg wt 350 kg) were fed a diet dressed with PTU (0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg/d BW) in a Latin square design with four 35-d periods. On day 29 in each period, steers were challenged with an intrajugular bolus of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 1.0 μg/kg). Blood samples were obtained to assess the change in plasma GH and TSH as affected by PTU. Plasma IGF-I was measured from blood samples obtained before and after (every 6 hr for 24 hr) intramuscular injection of bovine GH (0.1 mg/kg, day 31). Doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg PTU increased plasma T4 (P
Spurious mode suppression via apodization for 1 GHz AlN Contour-Mode Resonators

This paper reports, for the first time, on the application of apodization techniques to 1 GHz MEMS AlN Contour-Mode Resonators (CMRs [1]) to efficiently suppress spurious modes in close proximity of the main mechanical resonance. This concept has been applied with excellent results to a variety of one port resonators formed by patterned top electrodes made out of Aluminum, and a floating bottom electrode made out of Platinum sandwiching the AlN film. As also predicted by 3D COMSOL simulations, a complete elimination of spurious responses in the admittance plot of these resonators is attained without impacting their quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient.
Interface material mixing formed by the deposition of copper on aluminum by means of the cold spray process

The objective of this article is to present microstructural evidence of a bonding mechanism between copper, which has been deposited by the cold spray process, and an aluminum substrate. Deposition conditions are varied to determine their effects on the nature of the bond. Mechanical measurements, such as adhesion strength and hardness, as well as visual methods are used to characterize the process. A ballistic model is proposed to explain the process.
Closed-Shell Ion Pairs: Cation and Aggregate Dynamics of Tetraalkylammonium Salts in an Ion-Pairing Solvent

Tetrabutylammonium ion (1) forms tight ion pairs with small anions (Cl-, BH4-) in CDCl3 solution. These ion pairs aggregate as a response to increasing solution concentration with little temperature dependence. Maximum aggregate size is approximately four ion pairs, as measured by comparing self-diffusion coefficients of the aggregates with that of an internal nonaggregating standard of the same shape and nominal size, tetrabutylsilane (2). The magnitudes of steady state interionic 1H{1H} NOEs observed between 1 and the BH4- anion in CDCl3 as a function of temperature in solutions of fixed concentration are well fit to the standard theoretical expression by assuming a single aggregate size that is independent of temperature. A simplified model-free analysis was applied to steady state 15N{1H} NOE and 15N T1 measured at several magnetic field strengths, using 15N-labeled 1 to obtain estimates for reorientational correlation times for the ion aggregates. A similar analysis of 13C{1H} NOE and 13C T1 gives lo...
Immediate- and controlled-release zolpidem ingestions reported to Texas poison centers

Zolpidem is available in immediate-release (IR) and controlled-release (CR) formulations. This investigation examined whether there were differences in zolpidem IR and CR ingestions reported to poison control centers. Zolpidem ingestions that did not involve co-ingestants reported to Texas poison control centers during 2005-2008 were identified. The ingestions were grouped by IR and CR formulations and compared with respect to demographic and clinical factors. There were 734 IR and 163 CR ingestions. The mean dose ingested was 92.9 mg and 104.6 mg, respectively. IR and CR cases were, respectively, 56.9% and 58.3% male, 54.6% and 49.7% age >19 years, 65.0% and 65.0% already at or en route to a health care facility when the poison control center was contacted, and 30.1% and 39.3% involved no effect. The most frequently reported adverse clinical effects were, for IR and CR, respectively, drowsiness (54.4% vs 42.3%), tachycardia (10.6% vs 11.7%), ataxia (6.3% vs 11.7%), slurred speech (6.3% vs 6.7%), vomiting (5.0% vs 5.5%) and hallucinations/delusions (4.9% vs 3.1%). The distribution of zolpidem IR and CR ingestions reported to Texas poison control centers were similar. However, zolpidem CR ingestions appeared less likely to result in drowsiness and hallucinations but more likely to result in ataxia.
Evidence for the site of the superior salivatory nucleus in the guinea pig: A retrograde HRP study

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the proximal end of the severed lingual nerve distal to where it was joined by the chorda tympani nerve in 15 female guinea pigs. Labeled cells were seen in the lateral reticular formation dorsal to the facial nucleus along the medial edge of the spinal nucleus of V. These cells were aligned vertically and partially within the facial nerve fibers which were emerging from the facial nucleus lying ventrally. HRP-reactive axons were also seen among the facial nerve fibers coursing dorsomedially toward the genu of the facial nerve. These results demonstrated for the first time the locus of the superior salivatory nucleus in the guinea pig and were consistent with anatomical results previously reported in other species. In addition, labeled fibers indicated that superior salivatory nucleus axons became incorporated in the facial nerve immediately dorsal to its origin.
Monumental grandeur and political florescence in pre‐contact Hawai'i: Excavations at Pi'ilanihale Heiau, Maui

Pi'ilanihale, the largest religious temple in the Hawaiian archipelago, is a premier example of monumental architecture. Conflicting evidence, however, exists as to when it was constructed and how it was used. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the site indicate that the structure was built early in the course of Maui political development before the island was unified into a single political unit, and did not serve as one of the polity-level war temples common to late traditional Hawaiian society. Results from this project help clarify conflicting oral historical and preliminary archaeological data.
The hoarding of possessions

Abstract Three studies of nonfood hoarding are reported. Findings support the reliability and validity of a Hoarding Scale. Furthermore, the findings indicate a number of features of hoarding behavior. Hoarding was associated with indecisiveness, perfectionism (especially maladaptive evaluative concern) and obsessive compulsive symptoms among college students and community volunteers. Hoarders tended to buy extra things in order not to be caught without a needed item, and they carried more ‘just-in-case’ items in purses, pockets and cars. Onset of hoarding was childhood and adolescence. Hoarders had more first degree relatives who engaged in excessive saving than nonhoarders, and hoarders were less likely to be married. There was no evidence to suggest that hoarding was related to material deprivation. A model was suggested which conceptualizes hoarding as an avoidance behavior tied to indecisiveness and perfectionism. Saving allows the hoarder to avoid the decision required to throw something away, and the worry which accompanies that decision (worry that a mistake has been made). Also, it allows hoarders to avoid emotional reactions which accompany parting with cherished possessions, and results in increased perception of control.
Norepinephrine increases rat mitral cell excitatory responses to weak olfactory nerve input via alpha-1 receptors in vitro

A rat olfactory bulb in vitro slice preparation was used to investigate the actions of norepinephrine on spontaneous and afferent (olfactory nerve) evoked activity of mitral cells. Single olfactory nerve shocks elicited a characteristic mitral cell response consisting of distinct, early and late spiking components separated by a brief inhibitory epoch. Bath-applied norepinephrine (1 microM) increased the early spiking component elicited by perithreshold (79% increase, P 0.05), intensity olfactory nerve shocks. The facilitatory effect of norepinephrine was due to a reduction in the incidence of response failures to perithreshold intensity shocks. Norepinephrine also decreased the inhibitory epoch separating the early and late spiking components by 44% (P<0.05). By contrast, norepinephrine had no consistent effect on the spontaneous discharge rate of the mitral cells. The effects of norepinephrine were mimicked by the al receptor agonist phenylephrine (1 microM, P<0.001). Both norepinephrine and phenylephrine modulation of mitral cell responses were blocked by the al adrenergic antagonist WB-4101 (1 microM). These findings are consistent with observations that the main olfactory bulb exhibits the highest density of alpha1 receptors in the brain. The alpha2 receptor agonist clonidine (100 nM) and the beta receptor agonist isoproterenol (1 microM) had inconsistent effects on mitral cell spontaneous and olfactory nerve-evoked activity. These results indicate that norepinephrine increases mitral cell excitatory responses to weak but not strong olfactory nerve inputs in vitro via activation of al receptors. This is consistent with recent findings in vivo that synaptically released norepinephrine preferentially increases mitral cell excitatory responses to weak olfactory nerve inputs. Taken together, these results suggest that the release of norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may increase the sensitivity of mitral cells to weak odors. Olfactory cues evoke norepinephrine release in the main olfactory bulb, and norepinephrine plays important roles in early olfactory learning and reproductive/maternal behaviors. By increasing mitral cell responses to olfactory nerve input, norepinephrine may play a critical role in modulating olfactory function, including formation and/or recall of specific olfactory memories.
Iterative approach to the Schwinger variational principle for electron-molecule collisions

We present an iterative approach which uses the Schwinger variational principle to solve the Lippmann-Schwinger equation for electron-molecule scattering. This method combines the use of discrete basis functions to describe the effects of the noncentral molecular potential with an iterative procedure which provides systematic convergence of the scattering solutions. Results for electron-H2 scattering in the static-exchange approximation show that the method converges rapidly and gives very accurate results.
Glomerular interactions in olfactory processing channels of the antennal lobes

An open question in olfactory coding is the extent of interglomerular connectivity: do olfactory glomeruli and their neurons regulate the odorant responses of neurons innervating other glomeruli? In the olfactory system of the moth Manduca sexta, the response properties of different types of antennal olfactory receptor cells are known. Likewise, a subset of antennal lobe glomeruli has been functionally characterized and the olfactory tuning of their innervating neurons identified. This provides a unique opportunity to determine functional interactions between glomeruli of known input, specifically, (1) glomeruli processing plant odors and (2) glomeruli activated by antennal stimulation with pheromone components of conspecific females. Several studies describe reciprocal inhibitory effects between different types of pheromone-responsive projection neurons suggesting lateral inhibitory interactions between pheromone component-selective glomerular neural circuits. Furthermore, antennal lobe projection neurons that respond to host plant volatiles and innervate single, ordinary glomeruli are inhibited during antennal stimulation with the female’s sex pheromone. The studies demonstrate the existence of lateral inhibitory effects in response to behaviorally significant odorant stimuli and irrespective of glomerular location in the antennal lobe. Inhibitory interactions are present within and between olfactory subsystems (pheromonal and non-pheromonal subsystems), potentially to enhance contrast and strengthen odorant discrimination.
An Integrated Thermoelectric Nanofluid Heat Exchanger

This paper presents an experimental investigation of thermoelectric, TE, cooling system using nanofluid-based heat exchanger. The presence of nanoparticles in buoyancy-driven flows affects the thermophysical properties of the fluid and consequently alters the rate of heat transfer. The TE module is sandwiched between a heat source and the heat exchanger, with the cold side of the TEM attached to the heat source. The focus of this paper is to assess the enhancement in coefficient of performance of TEM using with 27nm Al2 O3 — H2 O nanofluid-based heat exchanger. Experimental simulations were performed to measure the transient and steady-state thermal response of TE to imposed isothermal condition. The volume fraction is varied between 0 to 2%. Preliminary results obtained for volume fraction of 0% (without nanoparticle) is reported in this paper. Result show that the COP is a strong function of the effectiveness of the heat exchanger and thermal contact resistance. Additional experimental runs are being conducted to show if at all, COP can be augmented using nanofluid-based heat exchanger.© 2007 ASME
Effects of grain boundary constraint on properties of polycrystalline materials

Grain boundary networks are engineered by increasing the fraction of boundaries which exhibit improved properties. Favourable boundaries have either low grain boundary misorientation or they are special boundaries, such as coincident site lattice boundaries. Significant improvement in properties such as corrosion resistance, critical current in superconductors and mechanical strength and toughness occur, provided percolating grain or grain boundary structures can be engineered. We develop computational models for grain boundary engineered polycrystals and demonstrate that grain boundary constraints modify the behaviour near the percolation threshold. We postulate that this is due to an enhanced clustering of weak boundaries induced by grain boundary constraints. In random grain structures the fraction of strong grain boundaries may be measured in two ways, either the length fraction, c, or the edge fraction ce. We find that grain boundary constraint shifts the length fraction threshold, c*, of Potts model polycrystals to higher values, while the edge fraction, ce*, remains almost the same in both correlated and uncorrelated grain structures.
Malignant mesenchymoma developing 6 years after radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma

Abstract A 25-year-old woman with Stage IB cervical cancer had adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for a positive pelvic node found in her radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimen. Six years later she developed a malignant mesenchymoma in the sacral area while there was no evidence of cervical carcinoma. This is the first reported association of these disorders. It is possible that the malignant mesenchymoma may have been induced by postoperative irradiation.
Dimensionless inelastic bending relationships

Well-known general equations for behavior of inelastic bending elements are summarized and related to dimensionless stress-strain diagrams. Bending-element dimensional parameters are separated from moment, rotation and deflection coefficients, and the latter are presented mathematically and graphically in terms of dimensionless strain\(\left( {\varepsilon /\varepsilon _0 } \right)\). Application of these relationships to inelastic bending is illustrated, and experimental verification of their validity is presented. All theoretical and experimental results agree within 5 percent.
Lower-extremity amputation risk is associated with variation in behavioral risk factor surveillance system responses.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether regional variation in the rate of lower-extremity amputation (LEA) is associated with health behaviors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional prevalence study of merged data from the U.S. Census, Medicare parts A and B, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used regression models to determine whether previously described regional variation in LEA incidence was associated with responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Regions were created using Dartmouth Atlas Health Referral Regions. RESULTS The mean and median incidence of LEA was 4.5 per 1,000 persons with diabetes; the rate varied from 2.4 to 7.9 LEA per 1,000 persons by health referral region. Statistically significant inverse associations were found between LEA and the rate of patients reporting colorectal screening ( P P = 0.018). Most other factors, including daily foot evaluations, were not associated with a decreased risk of LEA. These findings were also found to be associated with geographically clustered regions known for increased risk of LEA. CONCLUSIONS LEA is known to vary by region in the U.S., and regions with higher rates of LEA tend to be clustered together. Some of this variation may be explained by health behaviors in those regions, such as attending diabetes education classes or better health prevention habits (e.g., colon cancer screening). It should be possible to prevent unwanted LEAs by educating individuals with diabetes and foot ulcers about the need for participation in foot ulcer treatment.
Rhizoma peanut responses to fertilizer treatments on a Louisiana coastal plain soil

Abstract Responses of rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) to rates of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and a commercial product containing K, magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and boron (B) were evaluated on a Louisiana Coastal Plain soil. Although even the highest rate of ? failed to maintain the initial high level of soil P, no response in forage production to ? fertilization was obtained. Annual forage production with ? fertilization of 75 or 150 kg/ha/yr averaged 7,470 kg/ha compared to 6,100 kg/ha of forage for the control. Although yields were similar at the above two rates of K, the 150 kg/ha/yr rate maintained the initial soil ? level, while the 75 kg/ha/yr rate resulted in a decrease in soil ? from 40 to 30 mg/kg over three years. Lack of a response to the commercial product containing Mg, S, and ? at 110 or 220 kg/ha/yr of product indicated that soil levels of these nutrients were adequate for rhizoma peanut under the conditions of this experiment. Unexplained, non‐treatment differences i...
Von ionischen Flüssigkeiten zu supramolekularen Polymeren

Erfolgreich vernetzt: Multivalente ionische Wechselwirkungen in ionischen Flussigkeiten aus niedermolekularen Verbindungen fuhren durch Bildung eines supramolekularen ionischen Netzwerks zu polymerahnlichen funktionellen Materialien (siehe Bild). So weist das aus einem Bis(tetraalkylphosphonium)-Dikation und einem Porphyrintetracarboxylat gebildete ionische Material bei 25 °C eine Viskositat von 106 Pa s auf.
Rational Synthesis of p-Type Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays Using Simple Chemical Vapor Deposition

We report, for the first time, the synthesis of the high-quality p-type ZnO NWs using a simple chemical vapor deposition method, where phosphorus pentoxide has been used as the dopant source. Single-crystal phosphorus doped ZnO NWs have their growth axis along the 〈001〉 direction and form perfect vertical arrays on a-sapphire. P-type doping was confirmed by photoluminescence measurements at various temperatures and by studying the electrical transport in single NWs field-effect transistors. Comparisons of the low-temperature PL of unintentionally doped ZnO (n-type), as-grown phosphorus-doped ZnO, and annealed phosphorus-doped ZnO NWs show clear differences related to the presence of intragap donor and acceptor states. The electrical transport measurements of phosphorus-doped NW FETs indicate a transition from n-type to p-type conduction upon annealing at high temperature, in good agreement with the PL results. The synthesis of p-type ZnO NWs enables novel complementary ZnO NW devices and opens up enormous...
A fast algorithm for the time-domain simulation of switched-mode piecewise-linear systems

An algorithm is presented for the efficient and accurate simulation of switched-mode piecewise-li near systems, a subclass of which includes regulated energy-storage dc-to-dc converters. Three key features of the new algorithm that lead to significant improvements in computational efficiency and accuracy are: (1) a state-transition-matrix table-lookup scheme to solve differential equations describing the system, (2) a modified binary-search strategy to obtain an initial estimate of the instant at which the system topology switches, and (3) a quadratic extrapolation for the accurate final determination of the switching instant. The computational efficiency of a program using the new algorithm is demonstrated by comparing its execution time with that of a program employing a standard fixed-step-size integration algorithm. The accuracy of the new algorithm is verified by comparing results obtained from the simulations with results obtained analytically, and by comparing data from the simulation of two different regulated converters with data measured experimentally.
Hypothermia induction and recovery in free-ranging rats

Abstract 1. To avoid anesthesia confounders, free-ranging rats were exposed (4 h) to cool water (CW; 10 °C; 5 cm), warm water (WW; 35 °C; 5 cm) or temperate air (TA; 25 °C) to induce hypothermia, or control for water or novel environment stress, respectively. 2. While WW and TA core temperature (Tc) and the brown adipose tissue (TBAT)/subdermal skin (TSDS) temperature relationship remained similar, CW hypothermia induction was variable (34.5–26.1 °C; 9–240 min) and associated with tachycardia (517.8±4.7 bpm) greater than WW (386.5±5.5 bpm) or TA (372.2±7.7 bpm) with CW TBAT (36.5±0.03 °C) elevated above CW TSDS (35.9±0.05 °C). 3. Without anesthesia to blunt thermoregulatory countermeasures to hypothermia, variable resistance to Tc depression, tachycardia rather than bradycardia and BAT thermogenic responses were demonstrated.
Costs of Adjustment, Portfolio Separation, and the Dynamic Behavior of Bank Loans and Deposits

In this paper we develop a model of the banking firm that enables us to test for portfolio separation. Our theoretical model generalizes existing intertemporal adjustment-cost models by assuming that these costs coexist simultaneously on both sides of the bank's balance sheet. The optimal deposit supply and loan demand functions that emerge from our extended model show that each of these functions depends both on one- and two-period quantity lags and the lagged, contemporaneous, and expected future values of interest rates, including loan, deposit, and short term borrowing (for example, federal funds) rates. Models exhibiting portfolio separation or asset-liability independence emerge as a special case of the extended model. This feature enables us to test conditions, paralleling those first highlighted by Sealey (1985), that are consistent with the portfolio separation hypothesis. When portfolio separation holds, deposit supply and loan demand depend only on a one period quantity lag and contemporaneous and expected future differentials of the own rate and the federal funds rate. Thus, the property of portfolio separation can be examined empirically by determining whether the zero restrictions required by that property are supported in the econometric estimates of the banks' deposit supply and loan demand functions.
The early embryonic expression of TFII-I during mouse preimplantation development.

Abstract We studied the developmentally regulated expression of mouse TFII-I, a founding member of a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of multiple helix-loop-helix repeat domains. TFII-I and BEN, a second member of this family, are involved in histone modification and SUMOylation. The genes, GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 , encoding these proteins in human are located at chromosomal band 7q11.23, within the Williams syndrome critical region. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed extensive expression of TFII-I at early stages of embryogenesis. Like BEN, TFII-I is detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of postfertilization through first cleavage stage embryos. However, in E4.5 blastocysts, at the time of implantation, TFII-I is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. BEN, at this stage, is expressed only in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells, but not in the ICM [Gene Expr. Patterns, 2003; 3, 577–587]. Using RT-PCR, we detected Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 mRNA transcripts in unfertilized oocytes, which indicates the maternal expression of these genes. Thus, the early embryonic expression of TFII-I implicates this family of transcription factors in preimplantation development.
Details of the integral equation method applied to the analysis of an adhesive layer crack

Abstract The mathematical model for a crack in an elastic adhesive layer sandwiched between two adherends proposed by Fleck, Hutchinson and Suo ((1991) Crack path selection in a brittle adhesive layer. International Journal of Solids and Structures 27 (13), 1683–1703) was considered. The elastic mismatch between the adhesive and adherend materials modifies the far-field values of the stress intensity factors and of the T-stress in a manner that depends on the position of the crack inside the layer and on the Dundurs parameters. A complex-potential stress-function formulation, using dislocation distributions represented by truncated Chebyshev series, yielded an integral equation that was solved numerically by the method of collocations. The symbolic derivation of the integral equations was checked, and a few differences from Fleck, Hutchinson and Suo's expressions were identified and reconciled. The computational aspects of the solution were studied in detail using two programming languages, MATHCAD and C++, run on standard PC hardware. A palette of numerical techniques were utilized to study and control the consistency and accuracy of the solution. Symmetry and anti-symmetry arguments were used to identify numerically sensitive regions. Fast Fourier Transform calculation of sine and cosine Fourier integrals was used to increase speed. Convergence of intermediate and final results was examined. It was found that the method is very sensitive to the details of numerical computation, especially for combinations of parameters that lead to nearly singular matrices.
Electron-ion/atom coincidence measurements of 3 keV He+ interacting with a SiH(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface

Abstract An electron-scattered ion/atom coincidence technique has been developed and applied to the interaction of 3 keV He + ions with a Si(1 0 0)–(2 × 1)-H surface. The technique extends scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry (SARIS) to include electron-scattered particle coincidence methods. The distributions of the scattered projectiles (He 0 and He + ) on a position-sensitive detector in the range of large scattering angles and in coincidence with the emitted electrons have been measured. The results allow separation of the scattered atom or ion flux from different surface layers and their contributions to the total scattered flux.