cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative biophysical analysis defines key components modulating recruitment of the GTPase KRAS to the plasma membrane

The gene encoding the GTPase KRAS is frequently mutated in pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers. The KRAS fraction in the plasma membrane (PM) correlates with activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and subsequent cellular proliferation. Understanding KRAS's interaction with the PM is challenging given the complexity of the cellular environment. To gain insight into key components necessary for KRAS signal transduction at the PM, we used synthetic membranes such as liposomes and giant unilamellar vesicles. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, we demonstrated that KRAS and Raf-1 proto-oncogene Ser/Thr kinase (RAF1) domains interact with these membranes primarily through electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids reinforced by additional interactions involving phosphatidyl ethanolamine and cholesterol. We found that the RAF1 region spanning RBD through CRD (RBDCRD) interacts with the membrane significantly more strongly than the isolated RBD or CRD domains and synergizes KRAS partitioning to the membrane. We also found that calmodulin and phosphodiesterase 6 delta (PDE6δ), but not galectin3 previously proposed to directly interact with KRAS, passively sequester KRAS and prevent it from partitioning into the PM. RAF1 RBDCRD interacted with membranes preferentially at nonraft lipid domains. Moreover, a C-terminal O-methylation was crucial for KRAS membrane localization. These results contribute to a better understanding of how the KRAS–membrane interaction is tuned by multiple factors whose identification could inform drug discovery efforts to disrupt this critical interaction in diseases such as cancer.
Gameful L2 Learning

By surveying and presenting research in the field, Chapter 5 explores the relationship between games and L2 learning. It first presents several perspectives on SLA and infers how they would conceptualize gameful L2TL and literacies development. To balance this deductive approach, it then surveys research according to affordances, or potentials for L2 learning, associated with eight particular mechanics or qualities: contextualization, time, sheltered space, goal orientation and feedback, languaging, identity, time and place (in)dependence, and extramural, autonomous learning. Discussion of each is followed by implications and ideas for future research.
Characterization studies of a potential photoelastoplastic material

A controlled-strain apparatus capable of performing the tests essential to establishing the yield locus of polycarbonate was designed and built. Material characterization tests were performed in the form of uniaxial strain rate, creep, isotropy, isoclinic and reloading tests. The yield locus for polycarbonate was determined and an analytical expression in the form of a hypotrochoid was developed. Yield locus results indicate that, although polycarbonate is not a Mises material, the yield locus may be approximated by a circle over a substantial range of Lode’s variable. Tests were run on large plates with holes. Good correlation with two-dimensional theory was obtained in the elastic zone and in the plastic zone where plastic strains were small.
Phosphate Binders and Nonphosphate Effects in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Phosphate binders are commonly prescribed in patients with end-stage kidney disease to prevent and treat hyperphosphatemia. These binders are usually associated with gastrointestinal distress, may bind molecules other than phosphate, and may alter the gut microbiota, altogether having systemic effects unrelated to phosphate control. Sevelamer is the most studied of the available binders for nonphosphate-related effects including binding to bile acids, endotoxins, gut microbiota–derived metabolites, and advanced glycation end products. Other binders (calcium- and noncalcium-based binders) may bind vitamins, such as vitamin K and folic acid. Moreover, the relatively new iron-based phosphate binders may alter the gut microbiota, as some of the iron or organic ligands may be used by the gastrointestinal bacteria. The objective of this narrative review is to provide the current evidence for the nonphosphate effects of phosphate binders on gastrointestinal function, nutrient and molecule binding, and the gut microbiome.
Increasing the power efficiency of rotors at transitional Reynolds numbers with synthetic jet actuators

Abstract Increasing the power efficiency of rotating energy systems such as wind turbines and gas turbine rotors is critical to deriving more energy from wind or fossil fuels. In this experimental study, thrust-power and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements were made on a sub-scale three-bladed rotor containing an S809 airfoil and 60 piezoelectric-based synthetic jet actuators. The rotor was operated at rotational speeds between 250 and 1250 rpm (RPM) and blade pitch angles of 0, 3, and 6 degrees. It was found that activating 20 synthetic jets per blade reduces the net power input to drive the rotor by up to 10.6% at a rotational speed of 500 RPM and blade pitch angle of 3 degrees. It was also shown that rotor performance parameters; figure of merit and thrust coefficient also increased by up to 28% and 9% respectively. Chordwise velocity measurements reveal that synthetic jets reduce velocity deficit within the boundary layer improving the blade’s sectional lift coefficient and thrust. A correlation is made between the blade tip vortex Reynolds number and spanwise velocity measurements, which indicates that the tip vortex becomes more turbulent and induces an adverse pressure gradient with increasing rotor speed and blade pitch angle. The results indicate that synthetic jets are a viable means of improving the power efficiency of a rotor with vortex Reynolds numbers under 1.8 × 105.
Repeated Cross-sectional Surveys of Burnout, Distress, and Depression among Anesthesiology Residents and First-year Graduates.

Editor’s PerspectiveWhat We Already Know about This TopicBurnout has been identified in approximately 50% of residents and practicing physiciansWhat This Article Tells Us That Is NewBased on survey data from 2013 to 2016, the prevalence of burnout, distress, and depression in anesthesiology resident
Love of Whole Persons

According to quality theories of love, love is fitting by virtue of properties of the loved person. Despite their immediate plausibility, quality theories have met with many objections. Here I focus on two that strike at the heart of what makes the quality theory an appealing account of love, specifically, the theory’s ability to accommodate the fact that loving someone is a way of valuing them for who they are. The fungibility objection and the problem of love’s object maintain that if a person is loved on the basis of their qualities, they are not valued in the right kind of way. I propose a new kind of quality theory which both answers these objections and is independently well-motivated. Specifically, I argue that to love a person as a whole, one must value them as an organic unity.
Medical Costs Among Youth Younger Than 20 Years of Age With and Without Diabetic Ketoacidosis at the Time of Diabetes Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE While diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is common in youth at the onset of the diabetes, the excess costs associated with DKA are unknown. We aimed to quantify the health care services use and medical care costs related to the presence of DKA at diagnosis of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from the U.S. MarketScan claims database for 4,988 enrollees aged 3–19 years insured in private fee-for-service plans and newly diagnosed with diabetes during 2010–2016. Youth with and without DKA at diabetes diagnosis were compared for mean health care service use (outpatient, office, emergency room, and inpatient visits) and medical costs (outpatient, inpatient, prescription drugs, and total) for 60 days prior to and 60 days after diabetes diagnosis. A two-part model using generalized linear regression and logistic regression was used to estimate medical costs, controlling for age, sex, rurality, health plan, year, presence of hypoglycemia, and chronic pulmonary condition. All costs were adjusted to 2016 dollars. RESULTS At diabetes diagnosis, 42% of youth had DKA. In the 60 days prior to diabetes diagnosis, youth with DKA at diagnosis had less health services usage (e.g., number of outpatient visits: −1.17; P CONCLUSIONS Among youth with newly diagnosed diabetes, DKA at diagnosis is associated with significantly higher use of health care services and medical costs.
Matrix Profile XVIII: Time Series Mining in the Face of Fast Moving Streams using a Learned Approximate Matrix Profile

In recent years, the Matrix Profile has emerged as a promising approach to allow data mining on large time series archives. By efficiently computing all of the "essential" distance information between subsequences in a time series, the Matrix Profile makes many analytic problems, including classification and anomaly detection, easy or even trivial. However, for many tasks, in addition to archives of data, we may face never-ending streams of newly arriving data. While there is an algorithm to maintain a Matrix Profile in the face of newly arriving data, it is limited to streams arriving on the order of one Hz and with small archives of historical data. However, in domains as diverse as seismology, neuroscience and entomology, we may encounter datasets that stream at rates that are orders of magnitude faster. In this work we introduce LAMP, a model that predicts, in constant time, the Matrix Profile value that would have been assigned to an incoming subsequence. This allows us to exploit the utility of the Matrix Profile in settings that would otherwise be untenable. While learning LAMP models is computationally expensive, this stage is done offline with an arbitrary computational paradigm. The models can then be deployed on resource-constrained devices including wearable sensors. We demonstrate the utility of LAMP with experiments on diverse and challenging datasets with billions of datapoints on a simple desktop machine. We achieve more than 10000x speedup over exact methods on the same data.
Measurement of atom resolvability in cryo-EM maps with Q -scores

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps are now at the point where resolvability of individual atoms can be achieved. However, resolvability is not necessarily uniform throughout the map. We introduce a quantitative parameter to characterize the resolvability of individual atoms in cryo-EM maps, the map Q-score. Q-scores can be calculated for atoms in proteins, nucleic acids, water, ligands and other solvent atoms, using models fitted to or derived from cryo-EM maps. Q-scores can also be averaged to represent larger features such as entire residues and nucleotides. Averaged over entire models, Q-scores correlate very well with the estimated resolution of cryo-EM maps for both protein and RNA. Assuming the models they are calculated from are well fitted to the map, Q-scores can be used as a measure of resolvability in cryo-EM maps at various scales, from entire macromolecules down to individual atoms. Q-score analysis of multiple cryo-EM maps of the same proteins derived from different laboratories confirms the reproducibility of structural features from side chains down to water and ion atoms.
Measuring change in facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review:

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder are less accurate in facial emotion recognition, which is thought to contribute to impairment in social functioning. Although many interventions ha...
Effect of watershed disturbance and river-tributary confluences on watershed sedimentation dynamics in the Western Allegheny Plateau

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in the Ohio River Basin over the past decade. Fine sediment dynamics are now recognized to play an important role in the proliferation and toxicity of HABs. As a result, the fate of sediment at confluences of tributaries and regulated river systems may be important zones for sediment retention and burial. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of watershed sediment loading dynamics and backwater inundation impacts on sedimentation within confluence watersheds. The study site selected for this work was the Fourpole Creek watershed in the Western Allegheny Plateau ecoregion of Appalachia, which is a mixed-use watershed with predominantly forested and urban landcover with a backwater floodplain wetland at the confluence with the Ohio River. Approximately 16 months of high-frequency (15-minute) turbidity data was used as a surrogate for total suspended solids at upstream and downstream nodes of the backwater confluence feature. Continuous sediment yield estimates suggested an annual sediment yield of 82 t/km2 and was found to be higher than sediment yields reported elsewhere in Appalachian watersheds without mining disturbances. A modified sediment rating curve using both seasonal and annual regression approaches were found to underpredict sediment yield by 29% and 80%, respectively. A hysteresis-based source unmixing method and hysteresis index were used to quantify sediment source and flow pathways during events and suggested high variability in sediment source contributions both seasonally and within-seasons, suggesting three likely sediment sources in the watershed including in-channel/gully erosion, resuspension of recently deposited sediment in the fluvial network, and erosion of subsurface macropores from forested uplands. Upstream-downstream monitoring of the confluence floodplain suggested 34% of the annual sediment inputs were retained during the continuously monitored 2019 calendar year. Our results suggest that confluence floodplains play an important role in intercepting and storing sediment inputs. Efforts to limit downstream sediment loads should ensure the function of confluence floodplains is maintained or enhanced when considering watershed management strategies in these landscapes.
Peer Assessment for teaching quality of online writing classes in higher education: investigating learning styles’ impact

Peer Assessment has received the lion’s share of attention in recent composition studies. It is a teaching strategy used to raise the bars by exposing compositionists to a new teaching perspective to enhance their classrooms’ collaborative writing use. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate undergraduate student writers’ (assessors/assessees) perceptions regarding the factors (Gender/Used Technology/Technology skills/Peer Assessment Preferences/Age) directing their satisfaction of Peer Assessment’s use in terms of their learning styles in Online Composition classes. Survey responses were collected from 149 Composition students in a Public Health College of a private university in New York City. The results indicate a statistically significant strong positive correlation between students’ perceptions of Peer Assessment used in English writing classes and their learning styles in the online environment. However, participants’ intrapersonal learning styles formulate the highest correlation with their perceptions. There is a statistically significant relationship between students’ perceptions of Peer Assessment and their preferences for feedback in the various language areas. An increase in students’ perception of receiving peer feedback on the quality of ideas, the flow of ideas, vocabulary, mechanics, and grammar, in that order, strongly led to an increase in their Peer Assessment perception. Students’ perceptions of their technology skills statistically significantly predict their perceptions of using Peer Assessment in online writing classes. Nevertheless, the findings revealed no differences based on gender and age. Implications of these relationships are discussed.
Control of Action Potential-Induced Ca2+ Signaling in the Soma of Hippocampal Neurons by Ca2+ Release from Intracellular Stores

Stimulus-induced increases in neuronal Ca2+ concentration are important signaling events for transcriptional regulation and neuronal plasticity. Electrical inputs are thought to mediate Ca2+ responses in the soma by triggering action potentials, which in turn open voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the somatic plasma membrane. It is not yet known to what extent internal Ca2+ amplification contributes to the somatic Ca2+ responses. Here we used fluorescent Ca2+ measurements in cultured hippocampal neurons and report that the amplitude of the somatic Ca2+ increase triggered by field stimulation is independent of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration as long as the concentration is greater than 50 microM. Furthermore, significantly more La3+ has to be added extracellularly for blocking Ca2+ responses, as predicted from the reported La3+ dependence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. These measurements suggest that field stimulation-induced somatic Ca2+ responses in hippocampal neurons are largely attributable to Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Only a small number of Ca2+ ions have to enter across the plasma membrane for this intracellular Ca2+ amplification process to occur. Rapid fluorescence-imaging measurements showed that the internal Ca2+ amplification occurs over 10-15 msec and linearly increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations for up to 40 action potentials. At a fixed number of field pulses, frequencies of 40 Hz were optimal for somatic Ca2+ increases. Our studies suggest that the opening of intracellular Ca2+ release channels plays a crucial part in shaping the action potential-induced neuronal Ca2+ response.
Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature

The Bartholin's glands are located symmetrically at the posterior region of the vaginal opening and play an important role in the female reproductive system. These two pea-sized glands are involved in mucus secretion and vaginal lubrication. Cyst formation in the glands is common and results from mucus build-up in gland ducts. It is important to monitor such cysts because they may occur in the form of carcinomas. Larger cysts and abscesses are found in the lower vestibular region and typically present with erythema and edema. Biopsy is an effective method for distinguishing between Bartholin's gland cysts and differential diagnosis. While smaller cysts may be asymptomatic and may be left untreated, larger cysts require medical attention. Several treatment options are available, including marsupialization and CO2 laser. Healing and recovery depend on the severity of infection and course of treatment.
Religion and Healing in America

Religion and Healing in America. Linda L. Barnes and Susan S. Sered, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 535 pp.
Parameters estimation of the d.c. electrothermal model of the bipolar transistor

This paper concerns the problems of the parameter values estimation of d.c. electrothermal model of the BJT formulated for circuit analysis with SPICE. In this case, PARTS software available in SPICE cannot be used. In the paper, a new estimation algorithm for d.c. electrothermal model of the BJT is proposed. The form of the electrothermal BJT model is also presented. The estimation algorithm implemented into the computer-controlled measurement set allows one to derive the values of the parameters automatically after the measurements of the selected isothermal characteristics and proper calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Missing Years for Modern Humans

Fossil, archaelogical, and DNA evidence of three separate research teams provide insight into the period between the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa and their appearance in Europe.
Characterization of the vasculogenic block in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is required for both differentiation and proliferation of vascular endothelium. Analysis of differentiated embryonic stem cells with one or both VEGF-A alleles deleted showed that both the differentiation and the expansion of endothelial cells are blocked during vasculogenesis. Blood island formation was reduced by half in hemizygous mutant VEGF cultures and by 10-fold in homozygous mutant VEGF cultures. Homozygous mutant cultures could be partially rescued by the addition of exogenous VEGF. RNA levels for the endothelial adhesion receptors ICAM-2 and PECAM were reduced in homozygous mutant cultures, but ICAM-2 RNA levels decreased substantially, whereas PECAM RNA levels remained at hemizygous levels. The quantitative data correlated with the antibody staining patterns because cells that were not organized into vessels expressed PECAM but not ICAM-2. These PECAM+ cell clumps accumulated in mutant cultures as vessel density decreased, suggesting that they were endothelial cell precursors blocked from maturation. A subset of PECAM+ cells in clumps expressed stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), and all were ICAM-2(−) and CD34(−), whereas vascular endothelial cells incorporated into vessels were PECAM(+), ICAM-2(+), CD34(+), and SSEA-1(−). Analysis of flk-1 expression indicated that a subset of vascular precursor cells coexpressed PECAM and flk-1. These data suggest that VEGF signaling acts in a dose-dependent manner to affect both a specific differentiation step and the subsequent expansion of endothelial cells.
Robust UAV coordination for target tracking using output-feedback model predictive control with moving horizon estimation

We consider the control of two UAVs tracking an evasive moving ground vehicle. The UAVs are small fixed-wing aircraft equipped with gimbaled cameras and must coordinate their control actions so that at least one UAV is always close to the target. The control actions of the UAVs are computed based on noisy measurements of the UAVs' current state and vision-based measurements of the target's position corrupted by state-dependent noise. We propose a novel approach for solving this problem in which the state estimate and optimal control are computed simultaneously online using model predictive control with moving horizon estimation. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated in simulation results using realistic vision-based measurements of the target's position. These results show that while using noisy, partial information about the target state, the UAVs are able to coordinate their distances to the target in the ideal case of constant target velocity as well as perform robustly when the target becomes evasive.
Ultrastructural Studies of H-1 Parvovirus Replication VI. Simultaneous Autoradiographic and Immunochemical Intranuclear Localization of Viral DNA Synthesis and Protein Accumulation

The localization of H-1 viral replicative-form double-stranded DNA and progeny single-stranded DNA replication in parasynchronously infected, simian virus 40-transformed newborn human kidney cells was studied with high-resolution electron microscope autoradiography (80-nm silver grains). We analyzed wild-type H-1 and ts1 H-1 (a conditional mutant defective in progeny single-stranded DNA synthesis). The proportion of the total DNA synthesis that was viral was estimated to be >90% by comparing the amount of [3H]thymidine uptake in cultures infected with wild-type H-1 versus ts14 (an H-1 mutant defective in DNA replication). Simultaneous staining with cytochrome c-conjugated anti-H-1 immunoglobulin G was performed to ensure that cells incorporating [3H]thymidine (2- to 60-min pulses) were H-1 infected. The sites of H-1 replicative-form (in ts1-infected cells) and progeny (in wild-type-infected cells) DNA synthesis were identical. Immunospecifically labeled nuclei at the earliest stages of infection exhibited dense clusters of silver grains over material extruded from nucleolar fibrillar centers. These foci became larger with increasing cellular damage, forming a limited number of H-1 DNA synthetic centers in the euchromatin. Each island-like focus was surrounded by tufts of heterochromatin containing high concentrations of unassembled H-1 capsid proteins. In late phases of infection, the heterochromatin became completely marginated, and the nucleoplasm contained only euchromatin that exhibited randomly distributed sites of H-1 DNA replication. This indicates that H-1 DNA synthesis begins at localized euchromatic or nucleolar sites and then spreads outward. Immunostained heterochromatin and nucleolar chromatin never incorporated [3H]thymidine. Our results suggest that H-1 proteins and cellular cofactors associated with the fibrillar component of the nucleolus and the euchromatin may play a role in the regulation of H-1 DNA synthesis.
The product-process-market path: new road maps

Global competition is causing management to rethink the way design and production are done. To cut time to market, industry is aiming to shorten both the manufacturing and engineering cycles. New road maps are being developed and experimented with. It is noted that the traditional throw-it-over-the-wall road map has been discarded and the focus has turned to group technology, concurrent engineering, design for manufacture, and design for assembly. Dictaphone Corporation's products aim at the industrial voice recording market, and in late 1990 it formed a team to explore the feasibility of a new product. The team sized up the proposed product's technical feasibility by reviewing Dictaphone's analog/digital technology, PCB (printed circuit board) product process technology, and test requirements. The focus of the case study described is on PCB technology, the PCB being a component of the new product. The concept-design-production path is described. The PCB design-manufacture approach described here provides a road map aimed at product reliability and robustness as well as reduced cycle time, all of which means an improved competitive edge in the market place. >
Evaluating dissemination strategies to promote preteen HPV vaccination

Adoption of vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been slow in the US. Routine HPV vaccination of 11-12 year old boys was recommended by CDC in late 2011, five years after the recommendation for routine vaccination was issued for girls. We developed and evaluated a social marketing intervention with parents and healthcare providers to stimulate adoption for preteen boys.
The Borel singularity of instanton-induced amplitudes

Abstract The Borel transform of the Espinosa-Ringwald type cross section in theories having explicit mass parameters is considered. The nature and position of the leading singularity in the Borel transform variable b is determined.
The influence of maternal exchange transfusion on perinatal outcome in pregnant women with sickle cell disease

IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE NAHLA KHALEK, JERRIE REFUERZO, NDAYA MULEBA, JANICE WHITTY, Wayne State University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan OBJECTIVE: Pregnancies complicated with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for perinatal morbidity including spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The benefits of antepartum exchange transfusion in mothers with severe disease to the infant post-natally are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants born to women with SCD who received exchange transfusions during pregnancy experienced a decrease in perinatal morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review including pregnant women with SCD and their neonates from 1997-2001 was performed. The rate of SPB as well as neonatal outcomes during the first week of life was compared between women who received exchange transfusions and those who did not. A composite morbidity was assessed during the neonatal period and included any of the following: IUGR, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) days, duration of antibiotic therapy, and number of days requiring oxygen or mechanical ventilation. Statistical analysis included Chi Square and Fisher’s Exact test. RESULTS: A total of 30 pregnant women with SCD were reviewed. 30% of women (9/30) received exchange transfusions during pregnancy. The rates of SPB, SGA and IUGR were similar between groups. Although not statistically significant, infants of mothers who received exchange transfusions during pregnancy had higher composite morbidity rates compared to those who did not (78.4% vs. 38.1%, P = .054). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with SCD who require exchange transfusions during pregnancy may be at risk for increased neonatal morbidity. It is uncertain whether this is a direct effect of the exchange transfusion itself or the inherent consequence of birth from a high risk, complicated pregnancy. S100 SMFM Abstracts
The photodissociation cross section of the A 1Π-X 1Σ+ system of CH+

Abstract The A 1Π-X 1Σ+ photodissociation cross section is calculated for temperatures of 0 and 300 K, including direct transitions to the continuum and indirect photodissociation via transitions to quasi-bound levels of the A 1Π state. The photodissociation rate at 0 K for the A-X system is also presented. The results are smaller than predicted previously.
Experimental investigations of shear and elongational flow properties of polystyrene melts reinforced with calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and carbon black

Shear and elongational flow measurements on polystyrene melts reinforced with small particles were carried out. The influences of loading level, particle size and surface treatment on shear viscosity, principal normal stress difference, and elongational viscosity were discussed. These systems exhibited yield values for both shear and elongational flow. Experimental values for the ratio of the tensile to the shear yield stress give satisfactory agreement with the predictions of the von Mises yield criterion. The yield value appears to increase with decreasing particle size and may be varied with surface treatment. The principal normal stress difference at fixed shear stress decreases with volume loading of particulates. The results are interpreted in terms of a system forming a gel due to interparticle forces, which is disrupted by a critical distortional strain energy.
Reaction rate of triplet benzene with monoolefins in the gas phase: Direct observation by kinetic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The rate of quenching of benzene triplet absorption by ethylene, cis -butene-2, and tetramethylene was measured using a technique for kinetic spectroscopy which is based on modulated excitation of mercury photosensitized reactions. For cis -butene-2 the rate constant is (8.95 ± 0.33) × 10 9 l/mole sec and agrees with a value of (9.0 ± 2.0) × 10 9 derived from earlier, indirect observations. Rate constant ratios for the three olefins parallel photochemical results.
Estimation of ecologically significant circulation features of the Columbia River estuary and plume using a reduced-dimension Kalman filter.

Abstract A data assimilation method was used to estimate the variability of three ecologically significant features of the Columbia River estuary and plume: the size of the plume, the orientation of the plume, and the length of the salinity intrusion in the estuary. Our data assimilation method was based on a reduced-dimension Kalman filter that enables fast data assimilation of nonlinear dynamics in the estuary and plume. The assimilated data included measurements of salinity, temperature, and water levels at 13 stations in the estuary and at five moorings in the plume. Our experimental results showed that data assimilation played a significant role in controlling the magnitude and timing of dynamic events in the Columbia River estuary and plume, such as events of extreme salinity intrusion and events of regime transitions in the plume. Data assimilation also changed the response of the salinity intrusion length to variations in the Columbia River discharge, hence imposing a new dynamic on the simulated estuary. The validation of the assimilated solution with independent data showed that these corrections were likely realistic, because the assimilated model was closer to the true ocean than the original, non-assimilated model.
A 16-year-old with episodic hemisdystonia*

The paroxysmal dyskinesias are a subset of the hyperkinetic movement disorders characterized by their episodic nature. Classification based on precipitating factors is helpful in considering treatment and prognosis. The clinical similarites with partial seizures are discussed. An approach to differential diagnosis, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options are presented.
Concomitant up-regulation of insulin binding and elevated heat sensitivity in serum depleted CHO cells☆

Abstract When HA-1 CHO cells were cultured in media with a range of fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations, they became increasingly heat sensitive at low (5%) serum levels. Heat sensitizatior. occurred concomitantly with increased insulin binding capacity. Insulin binding capacity also became more heat sensitive. Thermotolerance induced by a mild treatment (10 min/45 °C) 12 hr prior to assay, caused marked heat resistance expressed both as cell survival or insulin binding and abolished differences in sensitivity between the serum adapted cell lines.
Further Solutions of a Yang-Baxter-like Matrix Equation

The Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation AXA = XAX is reconsidered, and an infinite number of solutions that commute with any given complex square matrix A are found. Our results here are based on the fact that the matrix A can be replaced with its Jordan canonical form. We also discuss the explicit structure of the solutions obtained.
Photolytically and Thermally Initiated Reactions of NH3 with NOx (X = 1,2)

The kinetics and mechanisms of the NH3 + NOx (x = 1, 2) reactions have been systematically studied by pulsed laser photolysis/mass spectrometry (PLP/MS) and pyrolysis/FTIR spectrometry (P/FTIRS). In the PLP/MS experiment, the total rate constants and product branching ratios of the NH2 + NOx (x = 1, 2) reactions have been tested by measuring the time-resolved concentrations of H2O, N2O, and NO2 in the laser-initiated reaction of NH3 with NO in the presence of varying amounts of NO2 in the temperature range of 300–725 K. The measured concentrations can be quantitatively accounted for by the authors' comprehensive mechanism for the H/N/O system recently established for the ammonium dinitramide decomposition reactions, confirming the authors' reported product branching ratio for NH2 + NO2 → N2O + H2O (0.19 ± 0.02) over the temperature range investigated. In the thermally initiated reaction of NH3 with NOx investigated by the P/FTIRS technique in the temperature range of 575–710 K, the measured kinetic data f...
SU-FF-I-130: Effects of Inter-Frame Motion in Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Simulated Heterogeneous Phantoms

Purpose: Motion induced errors in parametric measures using DCE‐MRI are reduced after image co‐registration, but no prior studies considered heterogeneity of lesions for assessment of uncertainties from inter‐frame motion. It is necessary to investigate heterogeneity dependence of motion effects, since tumors are known to be heterogeneous for many characteristics. In this study, we investigated motion effects in kinetic modeling using the simulated phantoms generated at various levels of heterogeneity in vascular permeability. Method and Materials: We created 3D ellipsoidal phantoms. Time seriesimages were generated for three different tumor types using the Tofts model. To simulate heterogeneity, a sinusoidal pattern was generated in a Ktrans map. The kinetic parameters were generated from multivariate normal distributions, and pixel values at 16 time points were filled using the Tofts model. All the images were randomly transformed based on the in vivo measurements with fiducial markers. Image co‐registration was performed. Pharmacokinetic analysis was done on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis with and without motion correction (MC).Results: Motion correction improved accuracy for all lesions, but the degree of improvement depended on malignancy. Coefficient of variation of Ktrans was much larger in benign lesions than in malignant lesions. Mean Ktrans was overestimated for all lesions even after MC. Largest overestimation of 55% in mean Ktrans was observed for heterogeneous benign tumors. Large variation in mean Ktrans due to heterogeneity was seen for benign tumors leading to poor separation between benign and malignant lesions. Conclusion: Results showed that small scale motion leads to large errors in quantitative measures of kinetic modeling especially for benign lesions. After MC, the accuracy was improved but mean Ktrans was overestimated for all lesions. Large overestimation of mean Ktrans for benign lesions makes it difficult to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. The results will be validated with an increased number of realizations.
Microslip and macroslip in bolted joints

The dynamic forces which occur in structures whose jointed parts may slide during dynamic loading are associated with energy dissipation. The high-strength friction grip bolted joint (HSFGBJ) is a structural element which under certain circumstances may dissipate a large amount of vibrational energy. This energy is an increasing function of the frictional force and of the magnitude of slip of the joint. However, in a joint with a relatively large number of bolts, the amount of slip cannot be large, as the bolt holes are not much larger than the bolt diameter. Thus, some bolts of the joint may be sheared at the beginning of the full-slip stage of loading. In this paper, mathematical equations for the frictional force and slip in both stages of loading—partial slip and full slip—are established, and the dissipation of energy is evaluated. It is shown that if the joint is designed so that the magnitude of slip is at the border partial slip/full slip, the joint may dissipate a large amount of vibrational energy.
Conformational Preferences of RNase A C-Peptide Derivatives Containing a Highly Constrained Analogue of Phenylalanine

Both enantiomers of a highly constrained derivative of phenylalanine, FiFi, were prepared in optically pure form. Studies were performed to elucidate the effects of substituting this amino acid for phenylalanine in RN-24, a derivative of the RNase A C-peptide. Thus RN-24, and the analogues 9 and 10, in which Phe-8 was replaced by each of the enantiomers of FiFi, were prepared. Comparative circular dichroism (CD) experiments indicated relative tendencies to adopt helical structures, and variable-temperature CD studies showed the relative ease with which these conformations were lost at elevated temperatures. These observations were rationalized via computer-assisted molecular modeling, which showed that the phenyl groups of (R,R)-FiFi in the peptidomimetic 9 can be accommodated via distortion of the helical conformations and that such distorted conformations persist as the temperature is increased. Conversely, intolerable contacts occur in an analogous conformation of the (S,S)-FiFi peptidomimetic 10 and t...
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TOTAL TOXICANT EXPOSURE OF MAN.

Abstract Because of the increase in the opportunities for non-occupational exposures to biologically active substances in the community environment it is becoming necessary for the industrial hygienist to consider the 24 hour environment of the worker in evaluating the stress imposed by occupational exposures to toxic substances. The evaluation of the total exposure to toxicants will require the development of new tools and concepts.
Inhibition of potassium-stimulated dopamine release by the nitric oxide generator isosorbide dinitrate.

Abstract In PC12 cells, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and S -nitrosol-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), both nitric oxide (NO) generators, attenuated K + (56 mM)-stimulated release of dopamine. The attenuation was not observed with isosorbide, an ISDN analog lacking NO generating capacity. In this model, A23187 (Ca 2+ ionophore), Bay K8644 (Ca 2+ slow channel agonist) and veratridine (Na + channel agonist) stimulated dopamine release. Treatment with ISDN enhanced Bay K8644 and veratridine-evoked dopamine release, while ISDN had no significant effect on the A23187 response. Incubation with 8-bromo-cGMP (membrane permeable cGMP analog) had no effect on basal or stimulated dopamine release in these cells, suggesting NO's response was not mediated by cGMP. In additional studies, K + (56 mM), Bay K8644 and veratridine elevated cytosolic free calcium levels ([Ca 2+ ] i ). ISDN reduced K + -stimulated increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , but enhanced the increases of [Ca 2+ ] i induced by Bay K8644 or veratridine. These results suggest NO interacts with K + -induced membrane depolarization (possibly by inhibiting membrane conductance to K + ) to attenuate Ca 2+ influx and Ca 2+ -mediated dopamine secretion stimulated by K + .
The Relation of Personal Epistemology to Parenting Style and Goal Orientation in College Mothers

This study sought to establish the relevance of mothers’ epistemic beliefs to their parenting style and preferred academic goals for their child. College mothers (N = 163) from primarily working class families completed a variety of self-report measures including a modified version of Schommer’s [(1990). Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 498–504] Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, the Parental Attitudes Questionnaire-Revised [Reitman, Rhode, Hupp, & Altobello (2002). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(2), 119–127], and several goal orientation scales. Results indicated that a view of learning as effortful and under the learner’s control and a view of knowledge as actively constructed were associated with an authoritative parenting style and with a preference for their child to focus on learning, improvement, and effort in approaching academic tasks. By contrast, a view of learning as quick, straightforward, relatively passive and as based in innate constraints and a view of knowledge as consisting of discreet, unambiguous facts were associated with authoritarian and permissive styles and the adoption of performance goals for one’s child.
Nickel carbonyl adsorption on the Ni(111) surface

Abstract Overlayers formed by the adsorption of Ni(CO)4 in CO on the Ni(111) surface at 100 K were characterized using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. At temperatures below 135 K, molecular nickel carbonyl adsorbs on the CO saturated Ni(111) surface as suggested by several observations. Vibrational transitions characteristic of molecular Ni(CO)4 are dominant. The energy dependence of both the elastic and inelastic electron scattering cross sections are dramatically altered by Ni(CO)4 adsorption. All of the mass spectrometer ionization fragments typical of molecular Ni(CO)4 are observed in the narrow thermal desorption peak at 150 K. The inelastic scattering cross sections for both adsorbed nickel carbonyl and adsorbed CO on the Ni(111) surface suggest that a nonresonant dipole scattering mechanism is dominant.
The introduction of a simple maneuver to reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding after major hepatectomies.

Background/Purpose In major hepatectomies, postoperative increases in central venous pressure (CVP) may cause suture failure and massive bleeding. The aim of our study is to test the application of an intraoperative maneuver to reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding.
Death and Resurrection in Paul's Letters

ORDS dealing with death and resurrection are very common in the letters of Paul. Often they refer to the historical death and resurrection of Jesus. In other cases they are eschatological and anticipate the death and resurrection of the believer. In a considerable number of other cases, however, the concepts of death and resurrection are used without reference to the actual physical death or rising from the dead of either Christ or the believer, but have metaphorical and even symbolic meanings which apply to the ongoing spiritual life of the believer. It is to this last-mentioned group of occurrences that we wish to direct our attention in this paper, dealing in order with four considerations: (1) the general distribution of these symbolic uses (2) the variety and depth of meaning of these symbols (3) the relationship of this phenomenon to Paul's personal experience, and (4) a note on the relative date of Galatians as suggested by this study.
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) transactivates nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) in cells of the osteoblastic lineage

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the Cyr 61, CTGF, Nov (CCN) family of proteins, regulates multiple cellular functions. Overexpression of CTGF in vivo causes osteopenia, but in vitro CTGF can induce osteoblastogenesis. To investigate mechanisms involved in the effects of CTGF on osteoblastic cell differentiation, we examined whether CTGF modifies the activity of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) 1, a transcription factor that cooperates with osterix in the formation of new bone. CTGF increased the transactivation of a transiently transfected reporter construct, where 9 NFAT binding sites direct the expression of luciferase (9xNFAT-Luc) and the activity of the Regulators of calcineurin 1 exon 4 (Rcan1.4) promoter, an NFAT target gene. We postulated that CTGF could modify the phosphorylation of NFAT by regulating glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). CTGF increased the mRNA levels of Protein kinase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent type II (Prkg2), the gene encoding for cGMP dependent protein kinase II (cGKII) which phosphorylates GSK3beta. Accordingly, CTGF induced GSK3beta phosphorylation and decreased the active pool of GSK3beta, a kinase that phosphorylates NFAT and leads to its nuclear export. As a consequence, CTGF favored the nuclear localization of NFATc1. Downregulation of PRKG2 by RNA interference reversed the effect of CTGF on the transactivation of the 9xNFAT reporter construct and the Rcan 1.4 promoter, confirming the role of cGKII in the activation of NFAT by CTGF. In conclusion, CTGF enhances NFAT signaling through the induction of cGKII and the phosphorylation of GSK3beta.
Use of graphics to study structural models of amorphous semiconductors

Abstract The molecular graphics program Atomlll is applied to the study of structural models of a-Si. The graphics are used to illustrate a novel CRN model-building process and to demonstrate, for the first time, a nonrandom character to the structure of realistic models.
Bladder neck leiomyoma presenting as voiding dysfunction.

Urethral leiomyomas are uncommon and rarely present with obstructive voiding symptoms. Commonly a urethral leiomyoma originates at the proximal urethra. Growth has been suspected to be influenced by hormones as with uterine leiomyomas.1 Approximately 40 cases have been described, of which approximately 75% were female.1 To our knowledge only 3 previous cases have involved obstructive urinary symptoms.2
Complications of head and neck radiation therapy and their management

Patients who receive radiation therapy to the head and neck suffer potential complications and undesirable side-effects of this therapy. The extent of undesirable responses is dependent on the source of irradiation, the fields of irradiation, and the dose. The radiotherapist determines these factors by the extent, location, and radiosensitivity of the tumor. The potential undesirable side-effects are xerostomia, mucositis, fibrosis, trismus, dermatitis, photosensitivity, radiation caries, soft tissue necrosis, and osteoradionecrosis. Each of these clinical entities and their proposed management have been discussed.
Foreign Body and Kidney Stone Localizer

Various probes are described that will amplify the sound of contact with any hard object in the body and thus signify its presence. One of the most useful forms consists of a sound transducer that clamps to the handle of any pair of forceps so that the surgeon knows when he is grasping a kidney stone or gall stone or other hard body. Also mentioned are active probes in which loading of a bilateral sound transducer, which is being driven by an external electrical circuit, causes an indication of contact as an apparent change in impedance. These forms seem especially sensitive when fitted into the end of a catheter.