cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Recursive Construction for Low-Complexity Non-coherent Constellations

It is known that at high signal to noise ratio (SNR), or for large coherence interval (T ), a constellations of unitary matrices can achieve the capacity of the non-coherent multiple-antenna system in block Rayleigh flat-fading channel. For a single transmit antenna system, a unitary constellation is simply a collection of T -dimensional unit vectors. Nevertheless, except for a few special cases, the optimal constellations are obtained only through exhaustive or random search, and their decoding complexity is exponential in the rate of the constellation and the length of the coherence interval, T . In this work, we propose a recursive construction method for real-valued single transmit antenna non-coherent constellations, in which a T -dimensional unitary constellation is constructed by using a number of (T i 1)-dimensional unitary or spherical constellations as its equi-latitude subsets. Comparison of the minimum distances achieved by the proposed constructions with the best known packings in G(T;1) [1] shows that, for practical values of T , the recursive constellations are close to optimal. We also propose a simple low-complexity decoding algorithm for the single-antenna recursive constellations. The complexity of the proposed decoder is linear in the total number of the two-dimensional constituent subsets, which is usually much smaller than the number of the constellation points. Nevertheless, the performance of the suboptimal decoder is similar to the optimal decoder. A comparison of the error rate performance of the recursive constellations with the complex-valued systematic designs of [2] shows that the proposed real-valued constellations have similar performance to the complex-valued systematic designs. The recursive designs also show a significant gain over the low-complexity PSK constellations of [3].
A Markov random field approach for microstructure synthesis

We test the notion that many microstructures have an underlying stationary probability distribution. The stationary probability distribution is ubiquitous: we know that different windows taken from a polycrystalline microstructure are generally 'statistically similar'. To enable computation of such a probability distribution, microstructures are represented in the form of undirected probabilistic graphs called Markov Random Fields (MRFs). In the model, pixels take up integer or vector states and interact with multiple neighbors over a window. Using this lattice structure, algorithms are developed to sample the conditional probability density for the state of each pixel given the known states of its neighboring pixels. The sampling is performed using reference experimental images. 2D microstructures are artificially synthesized using the sampled probabilities. Statistical features such as grain size distribution and autocorrelation functions closely match with those of the experimental images. The mechanical properties of the synthesized microstructures were computed using the finite element method and were also found to match the experimental values.
Equilibrium of Tchebychev nets

Cloth is deformed mainly by changing the angle between the threads of the warp and woof. The additional deformation due to fiber-stretching is ordinarily negligible in comparison to the finite distortion that can be produced without stretching. In a lecture published only in summary, Tchebychev [1] suggested a continuum model for cloth in which the fibers are treated as continuously distributed and inextensible. Another summary of Tchebychev’S lecture appears in his collected works [2], but the manuscript was not published until 1951 [3]. Independently, Voss [4, 5] investigated the geometrical properties of the networks that are formed on curved surfaces by initially plane, orthogonal networks of inextensible fibers. Probably because of the influence of Darboux [6], such networks came to be known as Tchebychev nets (see also Bianchi [7, 8] for example).
Within-session responses to high-intensity interval training in spinal cord injury

AbstractAim: Completion of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases maximal oxygen uptake and health status, yet its feasibility in persons with spinal cord injury is unknown.Purpose: To compare changes in cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables between two interval training regimes and moderate intensity exercise.Method: Nine adults with spinal cord injury (duration = 6.8 ± 6.2 year) initially underwent determination of peak oxygen uptake. During subsequent sessions, they completed moderate intensity exercise, HIIT, or sprint interval training. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were measured.Results: Oxygen uptake and heart rate increased (p 0.05) to moderate intensity exercise. Peak oxygen uptake and heart rate were higher (p < 0.05) with HIIT (90% peak oxygen uptake and 99% peak heart rate) and sprint interval training (80% peak oxygen uptake and 96% peak heart rate) versus moderate intensity exerci...
Chronic Pleural Empyema

Description of a permanent open drainage of the pleural cavity in chronic pleural empyema usually after pneumonectomy.
Suppression of Mg propagation into subsequent layers grown by MOCVD

Low temperature (LT) flow modulation epitaxy (FME) or “pulsed” growth was successfully used to prevent magnesium from Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) grown p-GaN:Mg layers riding into subsequently deposited n-type layers. Mg concentration in the subsequent layers was lowered from ∼1 × 1018 cm−3 for a medium temperature growth at 950 °C to ∼1 × 1016 cm−3 for a low temperature growth at 700 °C via FME. The slope of the Mg concentration drop in the 700 °C FME sample was 20 nm/dec—the lowest ever demonstrated by MOCVD. For growth on Mg implanted GaN layers, the drop for a medium temperature regrowth at 950 °C was ∼10 nm/dec compared to >120 nm/dec for a high temperature regrowth at 1150 °C. This drop-rate obtained at 950 °C or lower was maintained even when the growth temperature in the following layers was raised to 1150 °C. A controlled silicon doping series using LT FME was also demonstrated with the lowest and highest achieved doping levels being 5 × 1016 cm−3 and 6 × 1019 cm−3, respectively.
Fear and Uncertainty Do Not Influence Reported Willingness to Undergo Lumbar Punctures in a U.S. Multi-Cultural Cohort

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders can provide early and accurate prediction of underlying neuropathology even when the clinical symptoms are mild, but lumbar punctures (LP) to obtain cerebrospinal fluid can be perceived as frightening and invasive. We previously demonstrated that this negative perception of the LP is strongly associated with a negative LP experience in terms of discomfort and complications, but it is not known what factors can lead to a negative perception of the LP. It has also been proposed that LP is less well-perceived by adults in the U.S. compared to Europe and elsewhere, although there is a paucity of primary data to support this. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a survey of 237 younger and older adults in the Atlanta area including a significant number born outside of the U.S. (n=82, 34%) to determine demographic, medical, and experiential factors associated with the perception of LP as well as the willingness to undergo LP for medical or research purposes. Our results show that one in four respondents in this cohort with limited first-hand LP experience viewed the LP as a frightening invasive procedure, but the majority (89%) were willing to undergo LP for medical reasons. General awareness of the LP was associated with both standard and negative views of the LP, but perception did not influence willingness to undergo the procedure. Multi-variate models showed that higher annual household income, not place of birth or past experience, was associated with greater willingness to undergo LPs. We conclude that Americans (born in the U.S. or abroad) are not resistant to LPs if there is useful information to improve their health, although there is limited enthusiasm to undergo LPs solely for research purposes. At the same time, we failed to find modifiable factors to improve the perception of LP among those who already perceive it as frightening and invasive. Future recruitment effort should target adults with no preconceived notion of the LP with emphasis on data related to safety and tolerability.
Ribosome RNA Profiling to Quantify Ovarian Development and Identify Sex in Fish.

Terminologies of ovary development, by somewhat subjective describing and naming main changes of oocytes, have been criticized for confusing and inconsistency of terms and classifications, and the incurred consequences impede communication among researchers. In the present work, we developed regression between ovary development and three ribosome RNA (rRNA) indexes, namely 5S rRNA percent, 18S rRNA percent, and 5S-18S rRNA ratio, using close relationship between volume percent of primary growth stage oocytes or gonadosomatic index and rRNA content, demonstrating species-specific quantification of ovary development can be established in species with either synchronous and asynchronous oogenesis. This approach may be extended to any species with primary growth oocytes, e.g. anurans and reptiles, to predict maturity stages in females. We further confirmed that 5S rRNA percent and 5S/18S rRNA ratio can serve as markers to distinguish sexes unambiguously. A micro-invasive sampling method may be invented for non-lethal prediction of ovary development and sex because only a small amount of ovary sample (<50 mg) is needed for the approach established in the current work. Researchers who work with ovary RNA-seq in these taxa should realize that insufficient depletion of rRNA will probably lead to incorrect quantification of gene expression and inaccurate conclusions.
Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Beauveria bassiana (Cordycipitaceae) Strain NI8 on Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract A Mississippi Delta native strain (NI8 ARSEF8889) of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae), isolated from Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was tested on green lacewings, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at 4 spray concentrations (7.02 × 104, 105, 106, and 107 spores per mL) to evaluate effects on reproductive rates and adult life expectancy of this insect predator. The application method simulated atomized spray, and concentrations tested were similar to those used to measure impacts of the fungus on L. lineolaris. Significant effects of B. bassiana on C. rufilabris adults were found, and the severity of impact depended on the concentrations tested. Beauveria bassiana impacted all demographic measurements of C. rufilabris reproduction and survival. Intrinsic and finite rates of increase and gross and net reproductive rates of adults treated with the highest concentrations tested were significantly decreased, whereas doub...
Bayesian Word Learning in Multiple Language Environments

Infant language learners are faced with the difficult inductive problem of determining how new words map to novel or known objects in their environment. Bayesian inference models have been successful at using the sparse information available in natural child-directed speech to build candidate lexicons and infer speakers' referential intentions. We begin by asking how a Bayesian model optimized for monolingual input (the Intentional Model; Frank et al., 2009) generalizes to new monolingual or bilingual corpora and find that, especially in the case of the bilingual input, the model shows a significant decrease in performance. In the next experiment, we propose the ME Model, a modified Bayesian model, which approximates infants' mutual exclusivity bias to support the differential demands of monolingual and bilingual learning situations. The extended model is assessed using the same corpora of real child-directed speech, showing that its performance is more robust against varying input and less dependent than the Intentional Model on optimization of its parsimony parameter. We argue that both monolingual and bilingual demands on word learning are important considerations for a computational model, as they can yield significantly different results than when only one such context is considered.
The Role of Community Engagement in Building Sustainable Health-Care Delivery Interventions for Kenya.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the health-care needs in Kenya which focuses on the role of community engagement in facilitating access and diminishing barriers to quality care services. Health-care concerns throughout Kenya and the culture of Kenyan’s health-care practices care are considered. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive review covered studies of community engagement from 2000 till present. Studies are collected using Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost and JSTOR and from government and nongovernment agency websites. The approach focuses on why various populations seek health care and how they seek health care, and on some current health-care delivery models. Findings Suggestions for community engagement, including defining the community, are proposed. A model for improved health-care delivery introduces community health workers (CHWs), mHealth technologies and the use of mobile clinics to engage the community and improve health and quality of care in low-income settings. Practical implications The results emphasize the importance of community engagement in building a sustainable health-care delivery model. This model highlights the importance of defining the community, setting goals for the community and integrating CHWs and mobile clinics to improve health status and decrease long-term health-care costs. The implementation of these strategies contributes to an environment that promotes health and wellness for all. Originality/value This paper evaluates health-care quality and access issues in Kenya and provides sustainable solutions that are linked to effective community engagement. In addition, this paper adds to the limited number of studies that explore health-care quality and access alongside community engagement in low-income settings.
Saving Energy on an Installed Ammonia System

In an industry where most of its products are either chilled or frozen, an understanding of energy alternatives in design, construction and/or operation of refrigeration systems is essential to ensure competitive performance. As managers search for ways to improve or maintain profits, they invariably discover high energy costs associated with the refrigeration system.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Prediction Under Association

Consider a discrete parameter time series Z n, n = 1,2, …,Z i+d-1 which is assumed to be strictly stationary and (either positively or negatively) associated. Let ϕ be a real-valued function defined on the real line, and let d be an integer greater than or equal 1. The predictor of Z i+d is defined to be the conditional expectation of Z i+d, given the random variables Z i,…, The problem discussed in this paper is the construction of an estimate of the proposed predictor, in terms of the random variables Z j, j =1,…, n+d , and the proof of its asymptotic normality under suitable conditions. The estimate considered is a kernel-type estimate, and a hint is made toward studying an alternative estimate
Educating for War: Militarization and the Manufacturing of Consent Through Public Schooling

In this chapter, Johnson outlines how neoliberal ideology and a culture of fear facilitate the militarization of public education in the United States across education policies, programs, and institutions. Johnson argues that these twin forces, neoliberalism and fear, work together to produce consent to militarized normal and permanent war. However, Johnson argues, even though public schools in the United States are locations for intense militarization, nationalism, and obedience, they are also vital spaces for resisting militarization as public education is the cornerstone of a critically conscious citizenry and democracy.
Surface Topology and Geometry

This chapter briefly reviews the fundamental concepts and theorems in algebraic topology [1], surface differential geometry [6], and surface Ricci flow [4, 7]. Detailed discussion on Ricci flow on general Riemannian manifolds can be found in [5]. Advanced topics on differential geometry related to Yamabe equations can be found in [9].
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research

Research design is the plan, structure, and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research quest ions and to control variance. Research design has two basic purposes: (1) to provide answers to research questions and (2) to control variability. The main technical function of research design is to control variance: Maximize systematic variability, control extraneous systematic variability, and minimize error variability.
Chronic pelvic pain in women: focus on the bladder.

The 2 major reasons why women of reproductive age seek gynecologic medical care are (1) abnormal bleeding and (2) pelvic pain. The diagnosis and management of abnormal bleeding is usually performed without difficulty by gynecologists; clinicians have a variety of diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches to managing their patients abnormal bleeding. In contrast the diagnosis and management of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) remains an enigma to many gynecologists. Pelvic pain is generally thought to be of morphologic origin caused by endometriosis adhesions or vulvodynia and managed accordingly. Excluding urinary tract infections gynecologists rarely consider the bladder a source of CPP and yet research is increasingly demonstrating that bladder-origin CPP is far more common than previously thought. It is now estimated that as many as 1 in 4.5 women may have CPP of bladder origin-specifically due to interstitial cystitis (IC). Studies have demonstrated that suspected cases of endometriosis urinary tract infection and vulvodynia among other gynecologic conditions were in fact the consequence of IC. Gynecologists need to be aware that IC can mimic the symptoms of many of the other causes of CPP. (excerpt)
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014): Methods of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program and High School Reporting Information Online

Objective: To describe the methods of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) and High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) system as a comple...
Understanding Parents’ Perceptions of School-Based BMI Screening and BMI Report Cards Using Perceptual Mapping: Implications for School Nurses:

Half of U.S. states measure students’ body mass index (BMI), with many communicating that information to parents through a “BMI report card” or notification letter. School nurses are usually respon...
Differential Germination Characteristics of Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Populations in Response to Temperature

Dicamba-resistant (DR) kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] has been reported in six U.S. states and one Canadian province. To develop effective B. scoparia control tactics, it is necessary to understand the seed germination pattern of DR B. scoparia. The objective of this study was to compare the germination characteristics of DR versus dicamba-susceptible (DS) B. scoparia populations from Montana and Kansas under constant (5 to 35 C) and/or alternating temperatures (5/10 to 30/35 C). DR B. scoparia lines from Montana were generated after three generations of recurrent selection of field-collected populations with dicamba. Seeds of DR or DS lines from Kansas were obtained after one generation of restricted self-pollination. DR B. scoparia lines from both Montana and Kansas had a lower maximum cumulative germination than the DS lines across all temperature treatments. A majority of DR B. scoparia lines from Montana showed a temperature-mediated seed germination response, with a higher thermal requirement (30 to 35 C or 25/30 to 30/35 C) to attain the maximum cumulative germination compared with DS lines. Germination rates at 5 to 30 C were lower for DR versus DS B. scoparia lines from Kansas. All DR lines from Montana took more time than DS lines to initiate germination at 5 and 10 C or 5/10 and 20/25 C. Similarly, there was a delayed onset of germination of the DR versus DS line from Kansas at 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Furthermore, the DR B. scoparia from both Kansas and Montana had a slower germination pattern relative to the DS B. scoparia. Diversified crop rotations using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fall-sown cover crops, or early-spring planted crops (e.g., wheat or barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) that are competitive against lateemerging B. scoparia in conjunction with strategic tillage and late-season weed control tactics should be used to facilitate depletion of DR B. scoparia seedbanks.
Net Neutrality in the Cleveland and Taft Administrations

I offer these comments to make three points. First, there have been suggestions in the media and elsewhere that the FCC’s proposed Net Neutrality rules represent a radical departure in American federal communications policy. I’d suggest, from a historic perspective, that the FCC’s Net Neutrality rule is rather mild. In particular, it is far less aggressive than the anti-discrimination laws imposed on carriers under the Cleveland or Taft Administrations.
Flame Growth Around a Spherical Solid Fuel in Low Speed Forced Flow in Microgravity

To further our understanding of flammability and quenching limit of thick solid fuels, a microgravity experiment Growth and Extinction Limits is to be conducted aboard the International Space Station with the emphasis to quantify the effect of the flame heat loss to the thermally thick solid interior by directly measuring the sub-surface temperature gradient. A precursor microgravity combustion experiment in the Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS) project was used to assess the experimental operation and validate the accompanied numerical model. The present paper reports the development of the flame model over a solid sphere in low-speed pure convective flow (less than 100 cm/s). Computed time sequence result of one of the BASS conditions is presented. The combination of gas phase reaction rate, solid internal temperature and surface heat flux distribution reveals the effect of solid in-depth heat-up on flame growth. The experimental observations agree with the trend predicted by the model. For thick solids, flame quenching limit in low speed flow is not only a function of flow speed but also the degree of solid interior heat-up. Flammability limit can have profound implication to the current spacecraft fire protection protocol that requires turning-off of circulation flow in case of detected fire. The present and the follow-up studies will provide more quantitative estimate of the low velocity-quenching limit with heated samples. For the Polymethylmethacrylate spheres investigated, the limit is lower than 2 cm/s in air.
Metformin use and pancreatic cancer survival in U.S. veterans with diabetes mellitus: Are there racial differences?

4129Background: Experimental and observational studies suggest that metformin holds promise in improving survival among pancreatic cancer patients. However, findings from prior observational studie...
Continuity and Change in Gender Frames: The Case of Transgender Reproduction:

In this article, we examine the ways gendered frames shift to make room for societal changes while maintaining existing pillars of systemic gender inequality. Utilizing the case of U.S. media repre...
Derivative-free optimization for chemical product design

This paper motivates and guides the use of derivative-free optimization methods to solve chemical product design problems. The proposed methodology incorporates derivative-free optimization into computer-aided molecular design frameworks. Doing so facilitates the exploitation of property prediction simulators to generate accurate property models and search the complete design space to increase solution diversity. We assess derivative-free optimization algorithms and demonstrate the viability of the proposed framework using a polymer configuration design example. Our computational results suggest that a collection of derivative-free algorithms can successfully search the chemical design space and identify good solutions with high computational efficiency.
"I'm here to listen and want you to know I am a mandated reporter": Understanding how text message-based crisis counselors facilitate child maltreatment disclosures.

Abstract Background Emerging research suggests technology-facilitated crisis services are a promising method to support young people during child maltreatment disclosure. Little is known about how employees/volunteers respond to child maltreatment disclosure in these platforms and how they may support young victims through the disclosure process. Objectives We sought to determine how crisis counselors respond to child maltreatment disclosures using a content analysis of all conversations within a text-based crisis organization that resulted in a mandatory report. Methods We conducted an iterative team-based content analysis of 244 conversations (24,730 text messages) between a young person and a crisis counselor from an anonymous text-based crisis service. All conversations included in the sample resulted in a mandatory report to child protective services. Results There were two crucial points in maltreatment disclosure conversations. The first occurred immediately after the disclosure. At this point, crisis counselors most often provided sympathy and affirmation. The second crucial point after disclosure was the discussion of mandatory reporting. In many cases, crisis counselors confirmed both parties understood mandatory reporting and encouraged young people to consider the repercussions of their decision to share identifiable information that would permit a mandatory report. Conclusion Understanding how crisis counselors responded to young people in one text-based crisis service, particularly characteristics of well-received conversations, may inform the policies and processes for other organizations. Continued exploration of crisis text-based services may improve the disclosure process for young victims.
Lung SOD3 limits neurovascular reperfusion injury and systemic immune activation following transient global cerebral ischemia.

Abstract Background and Objectives Studies implicate the lung in moderating systemic immune activation via effects on circulating leukocytes. In this study, we investigated whether targeted expression of the antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) within the lung would influence post-ischemic peripheral neutrophil activation and CNS reperfusion injury. Methods Adult, male mice expressing human SOD3 within type II pneumocytes were subjected to 15 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. Three days post-reperfusion, lung and brain tissue was collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for inflammation and injury markers. In vitro motility and neurotoxicity assays were conducted to ascertain the direct effects of hSOD3 on PMN activation. Results were compared against C57BL/6 age and sex-matched controls. Results Relative to wild-type controls, hSOD3 heterozygous mice exhibited a reduction in lung inflammation, blood-brain barrier damage, and post-ischemic neuronal injury within the hippocampus and cortex. PMNs harvested from hSOD3 mice were also resistant to LPS priming, slower-moving, and less toxic to primary neuronal cultures. Conclusions Constitutive, focal expression of hSOD3 is neuroprotective in a model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanism of SOD3-dependent protection is attributable in part to effects on the activation state and toxic potential of circulating neutrophils. These results implicate lung-brain coupling as a determinant of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and highlight post-stroke lung inflammation as a potential therapeutic target in acute ischemic cerebrovascular injuries.
Population-based analysis of guideline adherence for patients with rectal cancer in California.

e19045Background: The goal of oncology-specific evidence-based treatment guidelines is to improve cancer care. We sought to analyze adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatme...
Positional Analysis of Body Composition Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football and Men's Lacrosse.

Zabriskie, HA, Dobrosielski, DA, Leppert, KM, Droege, AJ, Knuth, ND, and Lisman, PJ. Positional analysis of body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football and men's lacrosse. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Despite the widespread use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), few studies have examined differences in body composition between positions within sports and none have reported DXA-derived body composition reference values for men's lacrosse. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in measures of total and regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) using DXA across sport positions in a large cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male lacrosse and football players. A total of 294 male athletes (football, n = 196; lacrosse, n = 98) underwent DXA. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine whether body composition variables differed by sports position. In football, position was a significant determinant for every compositional variable in football athletes (all, p 0.05). Our data confirm that total and regional measures of body composition and BMD vary across positions in football but not in men's lacrosse. Unlike football, similarities in body composition among lacrosse players may indicate that the uniformity of training demands or preferred player attributes in team selection outweigh the unique positional demands in gameplay.
Do positive memory characteristics relate to reckless behaviours? an exploratory study in a treatment-seeking traumatised sample.

Reckless and self-destructive behaviours (RSDBs), common among traumatised individuals, are associated with negative health consequences. Gaining a stronger understanding of factors associated with...
Adolescent Pregnancy Complicated by Thrombosis

Adolescent pregnancy is a significant global health concern, with more than 21 million girls aged 15–19 and two million under age 15 becoming pregnant each year in developing countries. Pregnancy occurs in approximately 13% of the US adolescent population and 25% of the world adolescent population. The physical effects of pregnancy on adolescents are significant. Pregnancy and complications related to childbirth are the leading cause of death for adolescent girls aged 15–19 worldwide. Adolescents with preexisting hematologic disorders of thrombosis or coagulation, like their adult counterparts, are at increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcome during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. In this chapter, we review physiology of thrombosis in pregnancy and clinical considerations for diagnosis and management of pregnant adolescents with hematologic disorders.
Can Education Improve End of Life Care for the Patient, Their Family, and the Caregiver?

Background: End of life care is difficult for all medical professionals, causing struggles with grief during and after the death. Caregivers with higher mastery of care situations have more positive responses to providing care because they perceive themselves as able to meet care demands which can reduce caregiver distress and increase their coping strategies. Very few respiratory therapists (RTs) perceive they are prepared to assist the dying process. These same RTs have to remove life support or stop life sustaining therapy. Objective: To determine if a one hour course on end of life education to RT staff was effective in increasing staff perception of; their knowledge of end of life practices, value to their care of end of life patients, comfort with providing end of life care, and knowledge of long and short term ways to deal with their own grief. Methods: A convenience sample of 130 pediatric RTs were provided a one hour end of life education course on the technical and emotional/spiritual aspects of end of life care which served as the intervention for this study. After the education a voluntary online survey was used to collect data. Participants were asked four questions, but each question was optional. Statistical analysis included percent change. Results: Voluntary online participants (N = 63), 68.3% (n = 41) strongly agreed their knowledge of end of life care increased after this course, 26.7% (n = 16)) agreed, 5% (n = 3) disagreed, and 0% (n = 0) strongly disagreed. 67.7% (n = 42) strongly agreed that this course would add value to their care of end of life patients, 30.7% (n = 19) agreed, 1.6% (n = 1) disagreed, and 0% (n = 0) strongly disagreed. 66.6% (n = 42) strongly agreed that this course made them more comfortable with providing end of life care, 27% (n = 17) agreed, 6.4% (n = 4) disagreed, and 0% (n = 0) strongly disagreed. 65.1% (n = 41) strongly agreed that this course increased their knowledge of long- and short-term ways to deal with grief, 31.7% (n = 20) agreed, 3.2% (n = 2) disagreed, and 0% (n = 0) strongly disagreed. Conclusions: RTs perceived an increase in: knowledge of end of life practices, the feeling of value added to the care of end of life patients, increased comfort with providing end of life care, and increased knowledge of long and short term ways to deal with their own grief after the course. End of life care should be included as part of continuing education for RTs. Disclosures: None
Migration phenology and patterns of American woodcock in central North America derived using satellite telemetry

American woodcock Scolopax minor (hereafter woodcock) migration ecology is poorly understood, but has implications for population ecology and management, especially related to harvest. To describe woodcock migration patterns and phenology, we captured and equipped 73 woodcock with satellite tracking devices in the Central Management Region (analogous to the Mississippi Flyway) of North America and documented migration paths of 60 individual woodcock and 87 autumn or spring woodcock migrations during 2014–2016. Woodcock migration at the scale of the Central Management Region was more synchronous in spring than in autumn, but unlike most other migratory birds, average duration of autumn migration (31 days) was shorter than duration of spring migration (53 days). This difference in migration duration resulted from woodcock making more close-together migratory stopovers during spring migration, not because woodcock had individual stopovers of longer duration. During autumn migration, the number of days, the number of stopovers, migration end date and net migration displacement were negatively related to initiation date and rate of migration, and the number of stopovers and the net migration displacement were negatively related with migration end date. Spring migration duration, end date, the number of stopovers and net migration displacement were negatively related to migration rate and initiation date was positively related to migration rate, suggesting that woodcock that initiated spring migration later had faster migration rates. Juvenile female woodcock began spring migration later than adult female woodcock. Our results provide a basis for comparing current harvest seasons with presence of migrating woodcock during autumn and provide insight into differential harvest of migratory versus local woodcock on breeding areas.
Interference effects in harmonic generation induced by focal phase distribution

We have performed macroscopic calculations for the thin medium or low gas density regime and a central gas jet using microscopic numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. In the case of a spatial phase distribution for broadband Gaussian pulses with a negative Porras factor, our theoretical results show an interference pattern in the angular distribution of below- and near-threshold harmonics, which is not present for the monochromatic Gouy phase distribution. The interference pattern is due to off-center contributions that are in-phase with those at the central points in the focus. The location of the maxima in the interference pattern can be estimated using the well-known double-slit formula with an effective slit separation.
Automated Data Science for Relational Data

Feature engineering is a crucial but tedious task that requires up to 80% of the total time in data science projects. A significant challenge is when data consists of tables from different data sources, thus data scientists need to wisely aggregate and join tables while performing feature engineering task. In this work, we demonstrate a novel system called OneBM (One Button Machine), that enables data scientists to increase their efficiency with automated feature engineering for relational data. OneBM takes as input a relational dataset with multiple tables and its entity relation diagram (ERD) which can be declared with a novel, easy-to-use drag-and-drop graphical user interface. The system then automatically identifies and executes relevant joins and aggregates in the data, and generates new features with a rich set of transformations for various types of data including but not limited to time-series, sequences, number sets and itemsets, etc. The generated features then can be used by automated model selection and hyper-parameter optimization algorithms to complete a fully end-to-end automated data science (or AutoDS) workflow. A follow-up user evaluation illustrated how data scientists can perform multi-table feature engineering tasks in minutes using our system, compared to repeatedly coding SQL-like queries to transform and aggregate relational data requiring weeks of manual labor for comparable performance. In the live demos we plan to show two use cases with real-world datasets (video demos are available at the links in the footnote): sale prediction1 and call center user experience2. Pre-registered partcipants can play with these use-cases and the given datasets via Watson Studio on the cloud.
Automated reflective optical system alignment: analysis and experiments

We previously demonstrated automated alignment of a multi-element reflective system using existing internal imaging components and model-based optimal estimation in simulation. Using multiple versions of Kalman filtering, we were able to consistently bring the linear misalignments from around 1 mm to < 5 μm and the angular misalignments from around 500 arcsec to < 6 arcsec. This paper presents our preliminary experimental results and further analysis on the system. Specifically, we conduct information-based observability analysis to investigate the multi-state coupling effect and to evaluate our algorithm design, which provides insight into future improvements. We also discuss the current error sources in the experiments.
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of gastrointestinal cancer: Anatomical prevalence, predictors, and interventions.

Background Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) is a common complication with gastrointestinal cancers (GIC). There is no comprehensive research that examines GIH in different types of GIC. Aim To study the prevalence, predictors, and interventions of GIH based on the anatomical location of GIC. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample database, the largest inpatient care database in the United States. All adult inpatients (≥ 18-year-old) were included. ICD-10-CM codes were used to identify patients with GIH and GIC. Prevalence of GIH was obtained based on the anatomical location of GIC. Predictors of GIH in the GIC population were studied using multivariate analysis. Interventions including endoscopy were compared to the non-intervention group to determine the differences in inpatient mortality. Results Out of a total of 18173885 inpatients, 321622 (1.77%) cases had a diagnosis of GIC. Within GIC patients, 30507 (9.5%) inpatients had GIH, which was significantly (P Conclusion The prevalence of GIH in patients with GIC varies significantly based on the tumor's anatomical location. Endoscopy, which appears to be associated with a substantial reduction in inpatient mortality, should be offered to GIC patients with GIH. Nevertheless, the decision on intervention in the GIC population should be tailored to individual patient's goals of care, the benefit on overall care, and long-term survival.
How Well are Mathematics Common Core Standards Reflected in Mathematics College Readiness Expectations?--RESEARCH

On February 10, 2010, Kentucky made history by being the first state to adopt the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The CCSS were designed to be more rigorous, focused, and applicable (Holiday, 2010) than previous standards. The adoption of these standards was predicated by Senate Bill 1, Unbridled Learning. This bill required legislative bodies to develop a unified strategy to reduce the high college remediation rates of recent high school graduates by at least fifty percent before 2014. Along with high schools being required to address underprepared college students, state universities were to align their remediation courses with the new standards. This research study compares content assessed on course finals from Kentucky public universities in highest-level remedial mathematics courses and content assessed on college placement examinations. The study addressed the following two research questions: (1) what mathematical prerequisite knowledge do state universities consider necessary to be college ready? Specifically, 1a) What content domains do the state universities emphasize in their remediation courses?; 1b) Is there consistency across the state public universities with regard to the content domains?; and (2) Is there consistency between Kentucky’s mathematics placement assessments (ACT, COMPASS, and KYOTE) and with four-year universities’ Kentucky Mathematics College Readiness Expectations (KM-CRE)? Findings suggested that consistency across universities and placement examinations in content emphasis exists. Examinations were heavily weighted in Algebra readiness (Expressions and Equations, Functions, and Algebra).
Making the WWW Accessible - Just DO-IT

Technology has served to level the playing field for some individuals in under-served populations, opening doors to success that were not there in the recent past. For example, a few years ago electronic mail and gopher information servers provided individuals who were blind, using computers equipped with voice output, access to people and printed resources. For the first time printed publications became available to this group at the same time it was offered to others. Similarly, individuals who were deaf could communicate with others “privately” and efficiently, without the need for lip reading or sign language. As graphical images and audio clips become more widespread, will individuals with certain types of disabilities be the information have-nots once again? Stop by this poster session to obtain information about legal requirements, resources, and guidelines for making your Internet resources accessible to individuals with disabilities.
Integrating Numerical and Syntactic Learning Models for Pattern Recognition

In this paper we consider how the recognition, interpretation of image structures, patterns, objects can be posed in terms of “Inductive Bayesian Networks” (IBN) which combine syntactic domain models with the numerical/statistical characteristics of what is sensed. The net result of this formulation is the production of contextual and relational rules which can be used to summarize, generalize structural descriptions from examples in ways which are consistent with domain knowledge. In this approach the associated algorithms are also, constrained by principles o: Minimum Description Length (MDL) which endeavor to produce structural descriptions which generalize over numerical data attribute while specializing over symbolic description length. Examples in pattern and object recognition are discussed.
Managing Large Scale Online Discussions: Secrets of the Open Meeting

The possibility of communities steering themselves by large scale, online meetings are limited by support system capabilities for managing their discourse. An asynchronous conferencing system the Open Meeting supported a meeting in which thousands of U.S. government workers discussed reengineering government services. It enabled users to learn and share opinions about proposed changes, because its design focused on decomposing the inflows of comments, structuring multilateral conversations and maintaining civility. Access was provided over SMTP and HTTP to a topically differentiated hypertext synthesized from an object database, which was extended by users' comments. The comments composed virtual conversations, structured by a discourse grammar that constrained what types of comments could be attached in specific contexts. Civility benefitted from use of moderators and from participants' having similar bureaucratic culture backgrounds. The results suggest that cultural diversity is a greater challenge than numbers to enabling effective on-line democratic action.
Los orígenes de los núcleos escolares campesinos en el Perú, 1945-1952.

This article analyzes the ideological and pedagogical factors that led to the establishment of the nucleos escolares campesinos or clustered schools for peasants in Peru. These schools were established by Peruvian authorities with financial and technical collaboration from the US government in the context of the Second World War and the early Cold War. Among the economic and social trends that characterized Peru during this period were emphasis on export-oriented growth, urbanization, commercialization of the rural economy, and increasing rural tensions. The ideologies that influenced the establishment of the nucleos were Indigenismo, contemporary pedagogical thought, action anthropology, and Desarrollismo. Peasant communities embraced the nucleos both as vehicles of social mobility and means to escape the demands of local bosses.
Thymidine 5′-o-pivaloate: A prodrug derivative of thymidine with potential applications in high-dose methotrexate therapy

Abstract Thymidine 5'-O-pivaloate was evaluated as a prodrug derivative of thymidine for possible use in the prevention of toxicity from high-dose 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl- l -glutamic acid (methotrex- ate, MTX) therapy. Plasma levels of free thymidine were higher and remained elevated for a longer period in animals receiving the ester than in animals receiving an equivalent amount of thymidine itself. The higher concentration time achieved with the ester was reflected in more extensive labeling of bone marrow and gut DNA, and resulted in increased survival of L 1210 leukemic mice treated with high-dose MTX. The rate of cleavage of the ester to free thymidine was significantly lower in human serum in vitro than in mouse serum.
Feynman integrals and motives

This article gives an overview of recent results on the relation between quantum field theory and motives, with an emphasis on two different approaches: a “bottom-up” approach based on the algebraic geometry of varieties associated to Feynman graphs, and a “top-down” approach based on the comparison of the properties of associated categorical structures. This survey is mostly based on joint work of the author with Paolo Aluffi, along the lines of the first approach, and on previous work of the author with Alain Connes on the second approach.