cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vision loss and psychopathology

Purpose: By examining associations between vision loss and various types of psychopathology within the literature, this manuscript will provide ophthalmologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists insight into the relationships between vision and psychopathology to foster cross-professional relations. Design: Retrospective narrative literature review. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus searches. Study types included reviews, case studies, survey analyses, population-based studies, and twin studies, among others. Topics explored include mental health consequences of vision loss, functional neurological disorders and deception syndromes, eye specific personality changes, Charles Bonnet syndrome, and vision disorders associated with psychosis. Results: Visual impairment correlates with depression and worsened overall quality of life and mental health. Visual health clinicians should improve competencies in basic suicide risk assessments in collaboration with primary care providers and mental health colleagues. When patients with functional neurological disorders or deception syndromes present, understanding their symptoms and motivations is crucial for proper management. Patients with myopia and keratoconus are anecdotally alleged to have unique personalities; however, research shows openness is the only trait correlated with myopia, while a proposed “keratoconus personality” is unfounded. The unique vivid hallucinations of Charles Bonnet syndrome typically do not bother patients and physician reassurance is usually enough to ease the anxious patient. Finally, Usher syndrome involves congenital deafness and progressive blindness in young children with links to psychosis and schizophrenia. Conclusions: The bidirectional psychosomatic ophthalmological landscape highlights a need to improve screening, recognition, and integrated treatment coordination between visual health providers and mental health providers.
Exploring the library experiences of military dependents

Abstract College and university library programs and services for military-affiliated populations are typically aimed at student veterans and service members and not their spouses or children who are also students. However, librarians organizing programming for student veterans and service members often receive questions about also including other military-affiliated groups on campus, such as ROTC cadets or military dependents, the spouses/children of veterans who are using educational benefits, in their programming audience. This study explores the potential relevance of targeted library support for veterans and service members to military dependents. Findings suggest that incoming dependents' demographics and experiences with libraries are similar to those of other first time in college students. When designing programming and services for student veterans and service members, librarians should think critically about whether those programs and services are also appropriate for military dependents before expanding the target audience.
CD37 and CD44 evaluation by flow cytometry: can these markers improve B cell lymphoma characterization?

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogenous entity with many prognostic ancillary tests that are based on immunohistochemistry. These include cell-of-origin determination by the Hans criteria and “double expresser” characterization. Additionally, MYC fluorescence in situ hybridization is required to distinguish DLBCL from its morphologically similar counterpart, “double hit lymphoma” or high-grade B cell lymphoma (HGBCL), a “Burkitt-like” lymphoma with a worse prognosis than DLBCL. All such ancillary tests require judicious triage of oftentimes limited specimens. Loss of expression of CD37 has been associated with worse outcomes in DLBCL. Absence of CD44 is more commonly seen in Burkitt lymphoma than in DLBCL. Very few lymphoma studies have evaluated CD37 or CD44 expression by flow cytometric analysis, which permits a more quantitative assessment. To evaluate the utility of these two markers, we retrospectively reviewed seventy-three B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma specimens in which expression of CD37 and CD44 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Median fluorescence intensity ratio (MFIR) was calculated by dividing the median fluorescence intensity of the lymphoma population by that of background non-B mononuclear cells. In lymphomas with DLBCL-like morphology, loss of CD44 expression was associated with MYC rearrangement (MFIR rearranged 0.3082 vs intact 1.09, p=0.003). CD44 loss in DLBCL was also associated with germinal center B cell-like (GCB) cell-of-origin (MFIR GCB 0.4139 vs non-GCB 1.499, p=0.036) as has been seen in other studies. In DLBCL, loss of CD37 expression was not associated with cell-of-origin, double expresser status, or MYC rearrangement. While our findings require confirmation in a larger case series, decreased CD44 expression by flow cytometry in an otherwise limited biopsy with DLBCL-like features may provide the impetus for FISH testing and ultimate classification.
Definitions of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy for Administrative Claims Data Research.

Background and Objective To assess the accuracy of definitions of drug-resistant epilepsy applied to administrative claims data. Methods We randomly sampled 450 patients from a tertiary health system with ≥1 epilepsy/convulsion encounter, ≥2 distinct antiseizure medications (ASMs) from 2014 to 2020, and ≥2 years of electronic medical records (EMR) data. We established a drug-resistant epilepsy diagnosis at a specific visit by reviewing EMR data and using a rubric based on the 2010 International League Against Epilepsy definition. We performed logistic regressions to assess clinically relevant predictors of drug-resistant epilepsy and to inform claims-based definitions. Results Of 450 patients reviewed, 150 were excluded for insufficient EMR data. Of the 300 patients included, 98 (33%) met criteria for current drug-resistant epilepsy. The strongest predictors of current drug-resistant epilepsy were drug-resistant epilepsy diagnosis code (odds ratio [OR] 16.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8–32.2), ≥2 ASMs in the prior 2 years (OR 13.0, 95% CI 5.1–33.3), ≥3 nongabapentinoid ASMs (OR 10.3, 95% CI 5.4–19.6), neurosurgery visit (OR 45.2, 95% CI 5.9–344.3), and epilepsy surgery (OR 30.7, 95% CI 7.1–133.3). We created claims-based drug-resistant epilepsy definitions (1) to maximize overall predictiveness (drug-resistant epilepsy diagnosis; sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.74, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC] 0.80), (2) to maximize sensitivity (drug-resistant epilepsy diagnosis or ≥3 ASMs; sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.47, AUROC 0.72), and (3) to maximize specificity (drug-resistant epilepsy diagnosis and ≥3 nongabapentinoid ASMs; sensitivity 0.42, specificity 0.98, AUROC 0.70). Discussion Our findings provide validation for several claims-based definitions of drug-resistant epilepsy that can be applied to a variety of research questions.
Metabolic Activation of Bromopropyl Compounds

The possible health risks involved with the use of flame retardants were recognized when it was shown that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP), the major chemical used in US sleepwear between 1973 and 1977, was a potent mutagen in the Salmonella test1,2. It was subsequently demonstrated that Tris-BP caused kidney tubular adenomas and carcinomas in long-term feeding experiments in rats and mice3. This flame retardant can be absorbed from fabric worn by people, because one of its hydrolysis products, 2,3-dibromopropanol (2,3-DBP), wad excreted in the urine of children wearing Tris-BP treated garments4.
The Dynamic Constitution: Introduction: The Dynamic Constitution

[O]ur Constitution … is an experiment, as all life is an experiment. – Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. A lthough the constitution of the united states is a single written document, American constitutional law – the subject of this book – is a complex social, cultural, and political practice that includes much more than the written Constitution. Courts, and especially the Supreme Court of the United States, interpret the Constitution. So do legislators and other governmental officials as they consider their responsibilities. Very commonly, however, “interpretation” of the Constitution depends on a variety of considerations external to the text. These include the historic practices of Congress and the President, previous judicial decisions or “precedents,” public expectations, practical considerations, and moral and political values. By talking about constitutional law as a “practice,” I mean to signal that factors such as these are elements of the process from which constitutional law emerges. To be sure, arguments about how to interpret the Constitution occur frequently in constitutional practice – not least among Justices of the Supreme Court. (Among the difficulties in studying constitutional law is that the rules of constitutional interpretation are nowhere written down in authoritative form.) Nonetheless, a few fixed points command nearly universal agreement. First, at the center of the frequently argumentative practice of constitutional law stands the written Constitution of the United States. Second, when the Supreme Court decides a case, it is almost universally supposed that its ruling binds public officials as well as citizens, despite their possibly contrary views.
Refining algorithm mappings for linear systolic arrays

Nested FOR loop algorithms are the most common applications of systolic arrays. All the techniques for mapping nested FOR loops onto systolic arrays have the 'curse of dimensionality'. The authors propose the approach of first finding coarse-grained mappings that are easier to determine and then refining these mappings through some simple transformations, to obtain efficient fine-grained mappings. The authors propose three transformation techniques that can derive efficient fine-grained mappings for linear systolic arrays. These techniques can be used to derive easily efficient mappings for some commonly known algorithms. >
Biofilms in poultry processing

Abstract: The chapter conveys the importance of biofilm study in the environment of the poultry production and processing industries. Implications for food safety and security are established for sites of occurrence and causes of biofilm formation in poultry environments. Regulations and testing methods that are incorporated into industrial sanitation systems are related to the pathogens involved in recalls of poultry products. The physical, chemical, and electrochemical methods used to treat microbial contamination in poultry facilities are compared, and a comparison of efficacy is tabulated. The types of sanitation products used in the processing environment are compared, and alternative interventions are reported. Future trends, including regulatory controls, predictive microbiology, and outsourcing are suggested.
Blood, Alcohol and Tears: Juries Again Ponder the Depths of the Russian Soul

This article briefly discusses the history of the jury trial in the Soviet Union and the recent reform reinstating trial by jury in Russia. It focuses on specific case studies regarding Russian jury trials under the new system. The author personally observed many of the first jury trials from December 1993 to October 1994 and comprehensively studied the Russian jury reform through observations, interviews with judges and lawyers, and review of case files.
Stereochemistry of the active site of -chymotrypsin. The effect of some tricyclic bromomethyl ketones on -chymotrypsin.

Abstract 4:5-Benzindanyl-1-bromomethyl ketone, 4:5-benzindanyl-2-bromomethyl ketone (II), 4:5-benzindanyl-3-bromomethyl ketone, 5:6-benzindanyl-2-bromomethyl ketone, 1,2-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]-furanyl-2-bromomethyl ketone (V), and 2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]-furanyl-2-bromomethyl ketone were tested as inhibitors for α-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5). Compounds II and V inactivated the enzyme rapidly and their actions were stereospecific, confirming that the binding site of α-chymotrypsin is planar, elongated, and curved. While Compound V alkylated a histidine residue Compound II did not.
Maneuvering and Tracking for a Micro Air Vehicle Using Vision-Based Feedback

Missions envisioned for micro air vehicles may require a high degree of autonomy to operate in unknown environments. As such, vision is a critical technology for mission capability. This paper discusses an autopilot that uses vision coupled with GPS and altitude sensors. One use of vision processing analyzes a horizon to estimate roll and pitch information. Another use tracks a feature point to estimate position relative to a target. This paper presents examples of waypoint navigation and homing using vision-based feedback. The examples indicate the vision provides sufficient information to achieve the missions.
Anthropometry of U.S. Infants and Children

This report presents the results of a three-year study designed to collect, analyze and reduce selected anthropometric data on 4,027 infants and children representative of the current U.S. population ranging in age from newborn to 12 years of age. Since the major purpose was to provide basic measurement data most useful and critical to consumer product design, regulatory consideration, or other direct applications, 12 of the 41 measurements taken were applied measurements which have not been previously available. A substantial portion of the study involved the design, fabrication, development, and testing of a new generation of anthropometric measuring devices which transmit measurement signals to a portable mini-computer data acquisition system or to a set of readout meters. The results presented in this report summarize the complete data which have been provided on magnetic tape for automated data analysis and retrieval. Each of the 41 measurements is defined and illustrated, and tabular charts are provided listing the mean, standard deviation, 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles by age and sex, and for combined sexes. In addition, the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles are shown graphically. /Author/
Enhancing sparsity of Hermite polynomial expansions by iterative rotations

Compressive sensing has become a powerful addition to uncertainty quantification in recent years. This paper identifies new bases for random variables through linear mappings such that the representation of the quantity of interest is more sparse with new basis functions associated with the new random variables. This sparsity increases both the efficiency and accuracy of the compressive sensing-based uncertainty quantification method. Specifically, we consider rotation-based linear mappings which are determined iteratively for Hermite polynomial expansions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method with applications in solving stochastic partial differential equations and high-dimensional ( O ( 100 ) ) problems.
Combining Adaptive and Deterministic Routing: Evaluation of a Hybrid Router

A novel routing scheme is proposed for virtual cut-through switching that attempts to combine the low routing delay of deterministic routing with the flexibility and low queuing delays of adaptive routing on k-ary n-cube networks. In this hybrid routing scheme a message is routed as soon as possible along a minimal path to its destination even though the routing choice may not be optimal. Results show that the disadvantages of making a non-optimal routing decision are offset by its speed. Two pipelined implementations of this hybrid routing mechanism are evaluated and compared to traditional deterministic and adaptive implementations. The experimental evaluations show that both hybrid implementations do indeed achieve their objectives under various types of traffic patterns.
Modeling Plant Non-Linearities for Instantaneous Optimal Control

Frequently, one will find that the conditions for optimality in chemical production are determined by the non-linearities in the plant itself, while the economic objective function might be linear. If the control variables do not enter the objective function, it is found that the instantaneous optimal conditions are found where the product of the sensitivity matrix of the state variables to the control and the gradient of the objective function in the state space is zero. In some cases, this means that the process state is insensitive to the control at the optimum, which makes traditional proportional control instable. Therefore, the modeling and parameter estimation for process non-linearities to identify an optimum become essential. The control problem becomes a tracking problem. This paper describes the application of those ideas to a simple continuous stirred tank reactor with multi-component and multi-reaction kinetics.
Program Verifications, Object Interdependencies, and Object Types

Object types are abstract specifications of object behaviors; object behaviors are abstractly indicated by object component interdependencies; and program verifications are based on object behaviors. In conventional object type systems, object component interdependencies are not taken into account. As a result, distinct behaviors of objects are confused in conventional object type systems, which can lead to fundamental typing/subtyping loopholes and program verification troubles. In this paper, we first identify a program verification problem which is caused by the loose conventional object typing/subtyping which is in turn caused by the overlooking of object component interdependencies. Then, as a new object typing scheme, we introduce object type graphs (OTG) in which object component interdependencies are integrated into object types. Finally, we show how the problem existing in conventional object type systems can be easily resolved under OTG.
Robot localization using a computer vision sextant

This paper explores the possibility of using Sun altitude for localization of a robot in totally unknown territory. A set of Sun altitudes is obtained by processing a sequence of time-indexed images of the sky. Each altitude constrains the viewer to a circle on the surface of a celestial body, called the circle of equal altitude. A set of circles of equal altitude can be intersected to yield viewer position. We use this principle to obtain the position on Earth. Since altitude measurements are corrupted by noise, a least-square estimate is numerically calculated from the sequence of altitudes. The paper discusses the necessary theory for Sun-based localization, the technical issues of camera calibration and image processing, and presents preliminary results with real data.
Articulating the task at hand and making information relevant to it

Building truly "context-aware" environments presents a greater challenge than using data transmitted by ubiquitous computing devices: It requires shared understanding between humans and their computational environments. This essay articulates some specific problems that can be addressed by representing context. It explores the unique possibilities of design environments that model and represent domains, tasks, design guidelines, solutions, and their rationale, and the larger context of such environments embedded in the physical world. Context in design is not a fixed entity sensed by devices, but it is emerging and it is unbounded. Context-aware environments must address these challenges to be more supportive to all stakeholders who design and evolve complex design artifacts.
Alcohol abuse and dependence: consistency in reporting of symptoms over ten years

The present study assesses the stability of the diagnosis of alcoholism among a sample of St Louis, USA Epidemiological Catchment Area Study participants. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used at Time 1 and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview--Substance Abuse Module was used at 10-year follow-up. Alcohol abuse and dependence were diagnosed using DSM-III criteria. Kappa values and Yule's statistics for agreement in diagnoses, criterion groups and individual symptoms are reported. Fair to good measurement of agreement was shown for any diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence versus no diagnosis. The criterion group for "impairment in social or occupational functioning" showed the highest agreement of the three criterion groups studied. Agreement was lower for individual symptoms of alcoholism. Incident cases accounted for some of the inconsistency in responses over 10 years. Other types of inconsistency found were changing response from yes to no, changing response from no to yes but not meeting the definition of an incident case, and misstating age of onset of symptoms. Mean per cent inconsistency across all symptoms was 11.4%. Further research regarding reasons for inconsistencies is needed.
Hazardous waste generation, transportation, reclamation, and disposal: California's manifest system and the case of halogenated solvients☆

Abstract This paper is an analysis of data collected by the California Department of Health Services (DHS) on the transportation of halogenated solvent wastes f
The rainbow connectivity of a graph

A path P in an edge-colored graph (not necessarily a proper edge-coloring) is a rainbow path if no two edges of P are colored the same. For an e-connected graph G and an integer k with 1 ≤ k ≤ e, the rainbow k-connectivity rck(G) of G is the minimum integer j for which there exists a j-edge-coloring of G such that every two distinct vertices of G are connected by k internally disjoint rainbow paths. The rainbow k-connectivity of the complete graph Kn is studied for various pairs k, n of integers. It is shown that for every integer k ≥ 2, there exists an integer f(k) such that rck(Kn) = 2 for every integer n ≥ f(k). We also investigate the rainbow k-connectivity of r-regular complete bipartite graphs for some pairs k,r of integers with 2 ≤ k ≤ r. It is shown that for each integer k ≥ 2, there exists an integer r such that rck(Kr,r) = 3. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Effect of polymer crystallinity on the wetting properties of certain fluoroalkyl acrylates

The wetting properties of a series of polyacrylates containing the fluoroalkyl group have been studied. Where n is 7 and 9, the polyacrylates are highly crystalline at room temperature. Since the polymers were prepared under atactic free-radical conditions and the polyacrylates with shorter alkyl groups (where n is 3 or 5) were not crystalline at room temperature, the crystallinity is presumed to occur as a result of side-chain packing and not involve the backbone. The polymers become more wet-table (higher γc) as polymer crystallinity was reduced by quenching or heating past Tm. Correlations have been made between the work of Zisman and co-workers on the wetting properties of various fluorinated acid monolayers and the wetting properties of these fluoroalkyl acrylates. The results obtained in this study concerning the influence of polymer crystallinity on surface wetting are discussed in relation to the findings of Schonhorn and Ryan on the wettability of polyethylene single crystal aggregates.
A percutaneous drainage protocol for severe and moderately severe acute pancreatitis

According to the revised Atlanta classification, severe and moderately severe acute pancreatitis (AP) includes patients with pancreatic and peripancreatic collections with or without organ failure. These collections suggest the presence of pancreatic juice leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) protocol designed to control leakage and decrease disease severity. Among 663 patients with clinical AP, 122 were classified as moderately severe or severe AP (all had collections). The computed tomography severity index (CTSI) score was calculated. The indication for PCD was based on progressive clinical signs and symptoms. Drain patency, position, and need for additional drainage sites were assessed using CT scans and drain studies initially every 3 days using a proactive protocol. Drain fluid was examined for amylase concentration and microbiological culture. Clinicopathological variables for patients with and without PCD were compared. Since there was no mortality, we used prolonged drainage time to measure the success of PCD. Within the group treated with PCD, variables that resulted in prolonged drainage time were analyzed. PCD was used in 47/122 (39 %) patients of which 33/47 (70 %) had necrosis. PCD cases had a median CTSI of 8 and were classified as moderately severe AP (57 %) and severe AP (43 %). Inhospital mortality was zero. Surgical necrosectomy was not required for patients with necrosis. Independent risk factors for prolonged drainage time were persistent organ failure >48 h (P = 0.001), CTSI 8–10 (P = 0.038), prolonged duration of amylase-rich fluid in drains (P < 0.001), and polymicrobial culture fluid in drains (P = 0.015). A proactive PCD protocol persistently maintaining drain patency advanced to the site of leak controlled the prolonged amylase in drainage fluid resulting in a mortality rate of zero.
Staff of nursing homes.

To the Editor.— The advice by Sloane and Gwyther (1980;244:1840) regarding nursing homes and nursing home selection is excellent. Their comments regarding positive outcomes of institutionalization are particularly noteworthy. However, one comment deserves elaboration. Tucked away in their list for evaluating a prospective nursing home is the suggestion to "talk to residents, visitors, and staff." "Staff" requires special consideration. My data from a 13-month participant-observation study in a typical proprietary nursing home show that from the patients' view, the important care-giving staff is the corps of nurses' aides. 1 Nurses' aides comprise about 43% of the total staff, 2 are usually untrained, 2,3 and have the most patient contact time. 1 In addition, I have found that the lengthy in-room tasks of the housekeepers allow them to be important providers of psychosocial support. 4 Families view only the administrators or licensed nursing staff as important resources regarding patient care, not
Structure and energetics of silica in the sol-gel to ceramic transitions

Abstract Sol—gels of colloidal silica were characterized with photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, drop solution calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Infrared spectroscopy showed that water and hydrogen-bonded silanol were removed from the gels with increasing temperature. The intensity of the isolated SiOH stretching band increased as temperatures increased to 800°C, then decreased as the temperature was increased further and densification occurred. Sintering was facilitated by an oxygen atmosphere. The colloidal silica gel densified at 1150°C in O2, but densification was negligible in an N2 atmosphere. When polyvinyl alcohol was used as a binding additive to the gel, the resulting gel densified and crystallized to cristobalite between 1000 and 1150°C in both oxygen and nitrogen. The crystallization was found to result from alkali impurities in the PVA. Photoacoustic spectra of the gels showed that the PVA adsorbed to the silica surfaces through the surface hydroxyl groups, helping to tether particles together.
Grammatical rules and explanations of behavior

Theories in the behavioral sciences are constrained so that stated relationships are empirically testable and explanations have predictive power. These constraints constitute the classical paradigm, and are trivial just when ‘causal relationships’ do not hold. It appears that such relationships do not hold for linguistic, and presumably other, behaviors, thus precluding study within the classical paradigm. This compels study of those behaviors in terms of the non‐traditional approach to testability and explanation developed in Chomskyan linguistics. These constitute the grammatical paradigm. The existence of two paradigms requires that any inquiry begin by determining which paradigm is appropriate.
Persistence of Abnormal Bronchoalveolar Lavage Findings After Cyclophosphamide Treatment in Scleroderma Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a procedure for sampling the terminal airspace cell population to diagnose alveolitis, a condition that predicts changes in lung function in scleroderma patients. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) stabilizes the progression of lung disease in some, but not all, patients with active alveolitis. However, it is unknown whether the BAL fluid cell count obtained after CYC treatment of alveolitis predicts long-term lung function outcomes and can therefore be used to assist in therapeutic decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CYC therapy for active lung disease alters BAL fluid neutrophil and eosinophil counts and whether the persistence of abnormal BAL findings after CYC therapy predicts a decline in lung function in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods We systematically reviewed the records of scleroderma patients who had active ILD, as evidenced by neutrophilia or eosinophilia on BAL fluid analysis before CYC therapy and on repeat analysis after completion of CYC. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before initiation of therapy, at completion of therapy, and during long-term followup (mean ± SD 3.6 ± 1.94 years). Results Of the 25 study patients, in only 6 did the BAL fluid cell counts normalize after CYC therapy. No significant differences were observed between the proportions of patients who had a ≥10% decline in the % predicted DLCO or FVC on the second set of PFTs and had abnormal findings on followup BAL fluid analysis. During long-term followup, patients with persistent alveolitis had a decline in lung function (mean ± SD change in % predicted FVC −0.6 ± 10.8 liters and mean ± SD change in % predicted DLCO −4.7 ± 21.43 ml/minute/mm Hg), but their lung function did not significantly differ from that in patients whose BAL fluid cell counts had normalized (P = 0.70 and P = 0.62, respectively). Conclusion Persistently abnormal results on BAL fluid analysis following CYC treatment is a common finding and does not predict a subsequent decline in lung function.
Best Management Practices for Saline and Sodic Turfgrass Soils: Assessment and Reclamation

R.N. Carrow and R.R. Duncan. 2011. CRC Press. 978-143981-474-1. Drs. Carrow and Duncan have created an update to their previous book published in 1998 entitled Salt-Affected Turfgrass Sites . That book has been a staple for those studying plant and soil sciences relating to turfgrass management
Daily variation in membrane flux of cultured hamster adrenals.

Abstract 1. 1. The uptake of C 14 -acetate and its intracellular conversion into corticosteroid followed a daily variation; the rate of intracellular accumulation of labelled acetate and steroid was six to eight times greater at midnight than during midday hours. 2. 2. Labelled acetate uptake patterns were attenuated by varying doses of ACTH; methyl glucose flux also followed a daily pattern, but this pattern was not altered by ACTH treatment. 3. 3. Rates of oxygen consumption and corticosteroid secretion displayed by cultured glands conformed with earlier estimations of these variables.
Product selection and costs in a partially unionized industry

This paper examines differences in costs among union and nonunion firms operating in the multiple and competitive lumber markets; develops a model of output and product selection decisions; and then estimates the cost function implied by the model for a sample of sawmills that produce green and dry lumber. Overall, the average variable costs for the green technology are about 67 percent higher for union mills and, for the dry technology, costs are about 30 percent higher. However, differences inminimum average variable costs are negligible in the dry market but are significant in the green market. The results suggest that some union mills may be able to coexist with nonunion mills in a competitive industry by specializing in market niches determined by comparative cost advantages.
Fully developed combined heat and mass transfer natural convection between parallel plates with asymmetric boundary conditions

An analysis of fully developed flow between parallel plates is presented for combined heat and mass transfer natural convection with asymmetric boundary conditions. Closed form solutions are obtained for uniform wall temperature and concentraction (UWT/C) and uniform heat and mass fluxes (UH/MF). For UWT/C, the solution is independent of Prandtl, Schmidt and Grashof numbers. For UH/MF, an analytical solution can be obtained only for equal Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. By assuming a purely parabolic velocity profile, an approximate solution for general Prandtl and Schmidt number is obtained that reduces to the analytical solution as a special case. The channel flow rate decreases in proportion to the square root of the Grashof number and depends on the Prandtl and Schmidt numbers as well as the boundary conditions. The highest Nusselt and Sherwood numbers occur for asymmetric boundary conditions, opposite of the results for forced convection duct flows.
Impact damage in composite aircraft structures-experimental testing and numerical simulation

This paper describes a strategy for predicting internal damage in a laminated composite structure, when subjected to low-velocity impact. The aim was to obtain a better understanding of and cure for the notorious reduction in strength of aircraft compression panels when they suffered barely visible impact damage (BVID). A finite element model is presented which incorporates the non-linear behaviour due to gross deformation, interlaminar delamination and in-plane fibre and matrix failure. The strategy is validated by impact tests for a wide range of carbon/epoxy composite structures ranging from small stiff plates to realistic aircraft compression panels. It is demonstrated that the finite element model is capable of predicting impact damage in laminated composite structures and thus could be used as a design tool.
Unimolecular reactions, rates and quantum state distribution of products

Microcanonical rates and products rovibrational quantum state distributions of several unimolecular dissociations, and canonical rates of some bimolecular associations, are discussed from the viewpoint of variational Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The results are compared with the experimental data and with the very useful benchmark theory, phase space theory. A two-transition-state description is discussed for the threshold regions for the products vibrational excitations.
Automatic dispersion equalisation using bit error rate monitoring in 40 Gbit/s optical transmission system

The authors describe an automatic dispersion equalisation system using bit error rate monitoring and demonstrate its equalisation capability over 100 km of dispersion-shifted fibre in a 40 Gbit/s transmission experiment.
Perfusion chromatography: performance of periodic countercurrent column operation and its comparison with fixed-bed operation

Abstract Simulation studies using mathematical models that describe the single-component adsorption of bovine serum albumin into spherical bidisperse perfusive and spherical bidisperse purely diffusive anion-exchange porous adsorbent particles in a single-column fixed-bed system and in a two-column periodic countercurrent system in which the adsorbent is equally distributed over two beds are presented. The total length of the two-column periodic countercurrent system is equal to the length of the single-column fixed-bed system, and studies are performed for different values of the intraparticle Peclet number, Pe intra , and of the microsphere diameter, d m . In the single-column fixed-bed system, the percentage utilization of the adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent increases as d m decreases and Pe intra increases. The results indicate that the two-column system under periodic countercurrent operation provides higher values for the percentage utilization of the adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent than all the values of the percentage utilization of the adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent obtained from the single-column fixed-bed system for all values of d m and Pe intra examined in this work. It is an interesting result that the percentage utilization of the adsorptive capacity obtained from a two-column periodic counter-current system having purely diffusive ( Pe intra = 0) adsorbent particles with the largest microsphere size, d m , studied in this work is found to be higher than the percentage utilization of the adsorptive capacity obtained from a single-column system that uses perfusive adsorbent particles with the smallest microsphere size, d m , and the largest intraparticle Peclet number, Pe intra , studied in this work. The simulation studies with the two-column periodic countercurrent system also provide the following interesting result: the factors of economic significance in the two-column system under periodic countercurrent operation, namely the time between column switches and the degree of saturation of the column removed, are nearly independent of the values of the microsphere diameter, d m , and the intraparticle Peclet number, Pe intra .
Simulation of Shock Response in a Lab-Scale Space Frame Structure Using Finite Element Analysis

Space frames are usually used to enhance the structural strength of a vehicle while reducing its overall weight. Impact loading is a critical factor when assessing the functionality of these frames. In order to properly design the space frame structure, it is important to predict the shocks moving through the members of the space frame. While performance of space frame structures under static loads in well-understood, research on space frame structures subjected to impact loading is minimal. In this research, a lab-scale space frame structure, comprising of hollow square members that are connected together through bolted joints which allow for quick assembly/disassembly of a particular section, is manufactured. Non-destructive impact tests are carried out on this space frame structure and the resulting acceleration signals at various locations are recorded. A finite element (FE) model of the lab-scale structure is created and simulated for the experimental impact loads. Acceleration signals from the FE model are compared with the experimental data. The natural frequencies of the structure are also compared with the results of the FE model. The results show a good match between the model and the experimental setup.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Nonparametric Estimation of Specific Occurrence/Exposure Rate in Risk and Survival Analysis

Abstract A cohort of individuals exposed to some risk is followed up to a point of time M, and observations on two random variables (Y, Δ) are recorded for each individual. The variable Δ refers to one of the four possible events that can occur for an individual in the period [0, M]: (i) dies of a specific disease, say cancer, (ii) dies of a natural cause, (iii) withdraws from the study, and (iv) is alive and still under study at time M. The variable Y refers to the time at which an event occurs. Based on such data for n individuals, we consider the problem of estimation of a specific occurrence/exposure rate (SOER), which is a risk ratio defined as the ratio of probability of death due to cancer in the interval [0, M] to the mean lifetime of all individuals up to the time point M. The asymptotic distribution of a nonparametric estimator of SOER is shown to be normal, and the asymptotic variance involves unknown parameters. Various ways of bootstrapping are discussed for construction of confidence interva...
Origin of the Golgi apparatus in embryonic cells of the grasshopper

The origin of the Golgi apparatus in embryonic cells of the grasshopper has been demonstrated to be associated with an activity on the part of the nuclear envelope. At a number of regions in the same cell, the outer layer of the nuclear envelope is frequently observed to be reflected into the adjacent cytoplasm in the form of small bleblike formations. Ribosomes are restricted from this particular portion of the outer layer of the nuclear envelope. In some areas, clusters of small vesicles (50–60 nm in diameter) are observed in the cytoplasm adjacent to those regions of the nuclear envelope illustrating the bleb formation. The nuclear envelope-associated blebs and the adjacent isolated vesicles are similar in size. Stages representing the fusion of the small vesicles to produce progressively longer saccules were observed, and this activity first occurs in those vesicular elements most distally placed from the nuclear surface. Shortly after the organization characteristic of a dictyosome is established, single and short lamellae of part rough- and part smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (perhaps elaborated by the nuclear envelope as well) become associated with the forming face of the dictyosome and then appear to produce by blebbing a vesicular component for the dictyosome. These observations are discussed in terms of the capability of the nuclear envelope to produce membrane for the morphogenesis of a variety of organelles.
Vereinheitlichung der linearen Effektivspannungskonzepte mittels des Riesz´schen Repräsentationstheorems (Funktionalanalysis)*

KurzfassungDie elastische Spannung korreliert nicht immer direkt mit der Schwingfestigkeit eines Bauteils. Vielfach werden Effektivspannungen basierend auf der elastischen Spannung eingefuhrt, die zur Korrelierung zwischen der Beanspruchung und Beanspruchbarkeit eines Bauteils dienen. Die Ansatze sind vielfaltig, wie das Stutzziffer-Konzept, die Methoden der Spannungsmittelung, des kritischen Abstands und des sogenannten Hot-Spots, u. a. Zwischen diesen Ansatzen scheint keine unmittelbare Verbindung zu bestehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine allgemeine Theorie fur die Methode der Effektivspannung vorgestellt, die auf der Funktionalanalysis basiert und Ahnlichkeit zur nichtlokalen Kontinuumsmechanik aufweist. Die Theorie wird auf V-Kerben und Schweisnahte angewandt. Dabei werden detaillierte Vergleiche zwischen den verschiedenen Methoden vorgenommen.
Teaching an old dog new tricks: potential antiatherothrombotic use for statins

Thrombotic complications represent a highly significant component of morbidity and mortality associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In this issue of the JCI, Owens et al. report possible mechanisms underlying the prothrombotic, proinflammatory state accompanying hypercholesterolemia. Using rodent, monkey, and human subjects, they show that circulating oxidized LDL and circulating monocyte-derived tissue factor are important instigating factors driving the thrombotic, inflammatory phenotype and, surprisingly, that statin therapy ameliorated the phenotype even in the absence of lowering cholesterol levels. The studies raise the intriguing possibility that therapies directed at pathways generating oxidant stress or pathways involved in transmitting oxidized LDL-mediated signals in circulating platelets and monocytes could have antiatherothrombotic potential, probably with minimal anticoagulant and hemorrhagic potential.
Geometric phase in magneto-optic Faraday rotation

Abstract The geometric phase is determined for the Faraday rotation. In the Faraday process the wave propagation direction is fixed, while the polarization of the light is rotated by the magneto-optic activity of the medium. Correspondingly, it is shown that the geometric phase equals π when the polarization vector is transported by afull cycle on the equator of the Poincare sphere. The Faraday rotation turns out to be a complete optical analogue of a spin- 1 2 particle in a magnetic field.
A simple sulfuric acid pretreatment method to improve the adsorption of Cr(VI) by chitosan

An optimum pH of 5.0 for the adsorption of Cr6+ by chitosan was determined by using a stirred-batch reactor method at constant pH. When a column containing chitosan was used to bind Cr6+ in a situation where pH could not be held constant because of pH changes caused by the chitosan itself, significant binding occurred only at solution pH 1 and 2. When chitosan was pretreated with sulfuric acid in a range of 7–70 mol % sulfuric acid : moles glucosamine residue, maximum binding occurred at pH 6.0. Under these conditions, a column containing 0.500 g acid-treated chitosan (35% mole ratio) reduced the concentration of Cr6+ in 713 bed volumes of 25 ppm Cr6+ solution to ≤5 ppm in the effluent. A similar column of pretreated chitosan reduced Cr6+ concentration in 1042 bed volumes of industrial chromium plating rinse water initially containing 18 ppm Cr6+ to ≤5 ppm. Capacity experiment results indicated 60 mg chromium bound per gram of treated chitosan at pH 6.0. Commercial resin IRA-67 was also investigated as a Cr6+ binding agent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2808–2814, 2004
Contact metasomatic and hydrothermal minerals in the SH2 deep well, Sabatini volcanic district, Latium, Italy

Abstract Metasomatic and hydrothermal minerals were logged throughout the SH2 geothermal well, which reached a depth of 2498 m in the Sabatini volcanic district. Below 460 m of volcanics, where the newly formed minerals were mainly chlorite, calcite and zeolites (mostly phillipsite), drilling entered the Allochthonous Flysch Complex. Evidence of the “Cicerchina facies” was found down to 1600 m depth. Starting from 1070 m, down to hole bottom, a contact metasomatic complex was defined by the appearance of garnet. Garnet together with K-feldspar, vesuvianite, wilkeite, cuspidine, harkerite, wollastonite and apatite prevail in the top part of the contact metasomatic complex. Vesuvianite and phlogopite characterize the middle part. Phlogopite, pyroxene, spinel and cancrinite predominate in the bottom part. The 1500 m thick metasomatic complex indicates the presence at depth of the intrusion of a trachytic magma which released hot fluids involved in metasomatic mineral-forming reactions. Minerals such as harkerite, wilkeite, cuspidine, cancrinite, vesuvianite and phlogopite indicate the intrusive melt had a high volatile content which is in agreement with the very high explosivity index of this volcanic district. The system is at present sealed by abundant calcite and anhydrite. It is proposed that most, if not all, of the sulphates formed after reaction of SO 2 with aqueous calcium species rather than from sulphates being remobilized from evaporitic (Triassic) rocks as previously inferred. The hypothesis of a CO 2 -rich deep-derived fluid ascending through major fracture systems and contrasting cooling in the hottest areas of Latium is presented.
Adjusting the Cumulative GPA Using Item Response Theory

In college admissions, the predictive validity of preadmissions measures such as standardized test scores and high school grades is of wide interest. These measures are most often validated against the criterion of the first-year grade point average (GPA). However, neither the first-year GPA nor the four-year cumulative GPA is an adequate indicator of academic performance through four years of college. In this study, Item Response Theory (IRT) is used to develop a more reliable measure of performance, called an IRT-based GPA, which is used to estimate the validity of traditional preadmissions information. The data are preadmissions information and course grades for the Class of 1986 at Stanford University (N = 1564). Principalfactor analysis is used as a precursor to determine the dimensionality of the course data and to partition courses into approximately unidimensional subsets, each of which is scaled independently. Results show a substantial increase in predictability when the IRT-based GPA is used instead of the usual GPA. Criterion-related validity is a central concept in educational and psychological measurement. We are often interested in the relationship of a given predictor or set of predictors to some outcome measure. That is, how valid or how useful are these predictors in estimating some criterion? In institutional research on undergraduate admissions, the predictive validity of preadmissions measures such as standardized test scores and high school grades in determining academic performance in college is of interest to students, admissions officers, university administrators, educational researchers, guidance counselors, and the general public.