cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of ethylene perception on sex expression in melon (Cucumis melo L.) as assessed by expression of the mutant ethylene receptor, At-etr1-1, under the control of constitutive and floral targeted promoters

Sexual diversity expressed by Curcurbitaceae species is a primary example of developmental plasticity in plants. Ethylene, which promotes femaleness (carpel development), plays a key role in sex determination. We sought to determine the critical location for ethylene perception in developing floral primodia. The dominant negative Arabidopsis ethylene response mutant gene, etr1-1, was introduced into melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants under control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, or floral-targeted Apetela3 (AP3) and Crab’s Claw (CRC) promoters, which in Arabidopsis, promote expression in petal and stamen, and carpel and nectary primordia, respectively. Based on effects of exogenous ethylene, it was predicted that inhibition of ethylene perception by carpel primordia would inhibit carpel development. Constitutive expression of etr1-1 caused several phenotypes associated with ethylene insensitivity, verifying that etr1-1 inhibits ethylene perception in the heterologous melon system. Carpel-bearing bud production was essentially abolished in 35S::etr1-1 melons, providing direct demonstration of the requirement for ethylene perception for carpel development. CRC::etr1-1 plants, however, showed enhanced femaleness as manifested by earlier and increased number of carpel-bearing buds, and production of female (rather than bisexual) buds. Despite increased carpel-bearing bud formation, a greater proportion of the CRC::etr1-1 carpel-bearing buds aborted before anthesis. AP3::etr1-1 plants showed increased maleness by nearly exclusive staminate flower production, and poorly developed carpels in the rare bisexual flowers. These results indicate that ethylene perception by the stamen (or petal) primordia plays a critical role in promoting carpel development at the time of sex determination, while ethylene perception by the carpel is important for maturation of carpel-bearing flowers to anthesis.
A Data Parallel Algorithm for Seismic Raytracing

Dijkstra’s single-source shortest path algorithm has been applied in seismic tomography to determine paths of minimum travel time from all locations in a 3D earth model to sensors used in seismic experiments. An iterative data parallel algorithm is formulated for seismic tomography based on the Bellman-Ford-Moore (BFM) algorithm. Performance is demonstrated for OpenMP on multicore processors and OpenCL on GPUs.
Can Ads Prime the Economy? How Would We Know? US 1992

You cannot be president of the United States if you don't have faith. Remember Lincoln, going to his knees in times of trial and the Civil War and all that stuff. You can't be. And we are blessed. So don't feel sorry for – don't cry for me, Argentina. Message: I care. – President George H.W. Bush at a New Hampshire Primary Speech (1992) 1. Change vs. more of the same. 2. The economy, stupid. 3. Don't forget health care. – Sign posted in the Clinton campaign headquarters by James Carville (1992) I begin the evaluation of my campaign-centered theory of economic voting with an analysis of the 1992 US presidential election. In part, I choose this case as a starting point because of the near-folkloric status of the above memo, posted on the wall of then-candidate Bill Clinton's campaign headquarters in Little Rock, Arkansas. “The economy, stupid,” is arguably the most famous election-year mantra in recent history. In the last two decades, this saying and its innumerable variations have become common parlance among scholars, reporters, campaigners, popstars, and everyday citizens alike. Although “the economy, stupid” was not used as a slogan as such during the 1992 campaign, it is indicative of the centrality of economic themes in campaign dialogue. Fascinatingly, this simple slogan has been cited anecdotally in support of each of the competing visions of the economic vote evaluated here. For some, “the economy, stupid” captures the inescapable logic of the conventional structural model. Candidates, for better or worse, are hamstrung by economic circumstances. The saying, in this sense, is a reminder that voters would inevitably come to punish President George H.W. Bush for a stalled recovery from the 1991 recession. Holbrook (1996), for instance, argues that any message Clinton chose would have been as effective as his economic message, and any message Bush chose would have been just as ineffective. Regardless of the message, a growing wave of economic discontent would have swept Clinton to victory. In stark contrast, others reference “the economy, stupid” as evidence of a candidate's power to prime the economic vote strategically.
Oppenheimer on stage

Doctor Atomic-the keenly anticipated opera by John Adams about Robert Oppenheimer-had its world premiere at the San Francisco Opera on 1 October. It is set mainly in Alamogordo, New Mexico, in the tense hours before the Trinity test on 16 July 1945. But what can an opera add to our understanding of an event that has been described and analysed so often?
Magnetism and electronic properties of BiFeO3 under lower pressure

Abstract Ab initio calculations show an antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition around 9–10 GPa and a magnetic anomaly at 12 GPa in BiFeO3. The magnetic phase transition also involves a structural and insulator–metal transition. The G-type AFM configuration under pressure leads to an increase of the y component and a decrease of the z component of the magnetization, which is caused by the splitting of the d z 2 orbital from doubly degenerate eg states. Our results agree with the recent experimental results.
Pilot studies of a human BCG challenge model.

Abstract Despite the great effort to develop an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) there is currently no reliable and safe human challenge model that can be used for in vivo evaluation of new TB vaccine candidates and/or elucidation of the mechanisms of TB protective immunity. In this study, five volunteers were challenged with BCG intradermally (ID). Swab specimens were collected at multiple time points from the vaccination site pre- and post-vaccination to quantitate mycobacterial shedding as a surrogate of in vivo mycobacterial immunity. We compared the performance of the TaqMan qPCR assay against colony-forming unit cultures on 7H10 agar plates, and time to positivity (TTP) of mycobacterial growth indicator tubes (MGIT) in order to evaluate the reproducibility and sensitivity in measuring BCG burden in swab specimens. BCG was detected in swab specimens from all five volunteers by at least one method, and no single method was superior in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. A comparison of all three methods showed significant kinetic association by Spearman's rank test between 7H10 agar plating and qPCR (R = 0.601, P = 0.00072), MGIT culture TTP and 7H10 agar plating (R = 0.412, P = 0.029) as well as MGIT culture TTP and qPCR (R = −0.708, P = 0.00003). However, the three methods were somewhat different with regard to early versus late detection of BCG shedding post-challenge. This ID BCG challenge model has unique potential to further explore correlations between reactogenicity and immune mechanisms involved in protection against mycobacterial infections, and could therefore become a reliable tool in the evaluation process of new TB vaccination strategies.
Nietzsche’s Negative Dialectic: Ascetic Ideal and the Status Quo

This chapter offers an account of Theodor Adorno’s philosophical position, which is then used to analyze various aspects of Nietzsche’s thinking. Both thinkers interrogate the way in which the status quo is calcified within dominant forms of subjectivity—in the ascetic ideal for Nietzsche and the primacy of the subject in Adorno. Consequently, neither thinker is merely advancing a subjectivist critique of identity , but rather insisting on the suffered objectivity of the non-identical. In contrast to views of Nietzsche as valorizing immediacy, the body, necessity, or difference, one might see Nietzsche’s fragmentary style and critique of systems as expressions of a negative dialectics, based on the primacy of the object , in which subjectivity would trace and negotiate the suffered social histories that condition it.
TP53 Mutational Status and ROS Effect the Expression of the Survivin-Associated Radio-Adaptive Response

A survivin-associated radio-adaptive response, characterized by increased radiation resistance or sensitization, was induced by exposure to 5 mGy of ionizing radiation and was correlated to the TP53 mutational status of exposed cells. Ten human cancer lines were investigated: colorectal carcinomas HCT116 and RKO [TP53 wild-type (WT)] and their respective TP53 null isogenic lines; breast adenocarcinomas MCF7 (TP53 WT) and MDA-MB-231 (TP53 Mut); lung carcinomas A549 (TP53 WT) and NCI-H1975 (TP53 Mut); and pancreatic carcinomas Hs766T (TP53 WT) and Panc-1 (TP53 Mut). Radiation induced (5 mGy) changes in the subsequent responses to 2 Gy in a multi-dose paradigm. Effects on radiation sensitivity were associated with changes in survivin's intracellular translocation to the cytoplasm (TP53 WT) or nucleus (TP53 Mut). Survival responses were determined using a colony forming assay. Intracellular localization of survivin was determined by ELISA and correlated with survival response. Two 2 Gy doses had minimal effects on the intracellular translocation of survivin. When preceded 15 min earlier by a 5 mGy exposure, survivin translocated to the cytoplasm in all of the TP53 WT cell lines, and to the nuclei in the TP53 null and Mut cells. All TP53 WT cells were protected (P < 0.001) by 5 mGy exposures, while Mut cells were sensitized (P < 0.001). HCT116 and RKO TP53 WT cells were admixed with their respective isogenic TP53 null counterparts in different proportions: 75% to 25%, 50% to 50% and 25% to 75%, respectively. All mixed confluent cultures expressed enhanced radio-sensitization (P ≤ 0.047) characteristic of TP53 Mut cells, which could be inhibited by their exposure to the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) indicating a role for intercellular signaling by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS signaling in propagating the survivin-mediated response is involved in both intra- and intercellular communication processes.
Whole Blood mRNA Expression-Based Prognosis of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic score is based on clinical parameters. We analyzed whole blood mRNA expression in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC) patients and compared it to the MSKCC score for predicting overall survival. In a discovery set of 19 patients with mRCC, we performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing and selected eighteen candidate genes for further evaluation based on associations with overall survival and statistical significance. In an independent validation of set of 47 patients with mCCRCC, transcript expression of the 18 candidate genes were quantified using a customized NanoString probeset. Cox regression multivariate analysis confirmed that two of the candidate genes were significantly associated with overall survival. Higher expression of BAG1 [hazard ratio (HR) of 0.14, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.36] and NOP56 (HR 0.13, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.05–0.34) were associated with better prognosis. A prognostic model incorporating expression of BAG1 and NOP56 into the MSKCC score improved prognostication significantly over a model using the MSKCC prognostic score only (p < 0.0001). Prognostic value of using whole blood mRNA gene profiling in mCCRCC is feasible and should be prospectively confirmed in larger studies.
FEATURE SELECTION FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary The major problem of pattern recognition is essentially the discrimination of the input data between statistical populations via the search for features among members of a population. This chapter presents several approaches for the extraction of features in pattern recognition systems. The design of pattern recognition systems generally involves several major problem areas. The first problem is concerned with the representation of input data which can be measured from the objects of a pattern class. This is the sensing problem. The second problem is concerned with the selection of characteristic features or attributes from the received input data. This is often referred to as the feature extraction or selection problem. The third problem deals with the determination of optimum decision procedures which are needed in the process of identification and classification. This is the optimum decision problem. In solving the feature selection problem and the optimum decision problem, a set of parameters to be estimated and optimized is generally involved. This gives rise to the parameter estimation problem. The selection of features has been recognized as an important process in a pattern recognition system. When the complete set of discriminatory features for each pattern class can be determined from the measurement, the recognition and classification of the patterns will present no problem and automatic classification may be reduced to a simple matching procedure.
Identifying lost surgical needles with visible and near infrared fluorescent light emitting microscale coating.

Abstract Background Retained foreign bodies (RFOs) have substantial clinical and financial consequences. In laparoscopic surgery, RFOs can be a cause of needing to convert a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure to an open operation. A coating for surgical models was developed to augment localization of needles using fluorescence appropriate for open and minimally invasive surgeries procedures. Methods An epoxy matrix containing both dansyl chloride and indocyanine green was coated as visible and near infrared labels, respectively. With ultraviolet excitation, dansyl chloride emits green fluorescence and with NIR excitation, the ICG dye emits radiation observable with specialized near infrared capable laparoscopes. To evaluate the coatings, open and laproscopic surgeries were simulated in rabbits. Surgeons blinded to the type of needles (coated or non-coated) were timed while finding needles in standard conditions and with the use of the adjunct coatings. Control needles not located within 300 seconds were researched with the corresponding near infrared or ultraviolet light. Localization time was evaluated for statistical significance, P Results All dual dye coated needles searched utilizing the near infrared camera (n = 26) or ultraviolet light (n = 26) were located within 300 seconds. Conversely, 9 needles in both control settings (no dye usage) were not located within 300 seconds. Mean time to locate control needles in open surgery and laparoscopic surgery was statistically 2-3× greater than time to localization with the use of dye as an adjunct (P = .0027 open, P Conclusion Incorporation of a dual-dye fluorescent coating on surgical needles improved the efficiency of locating needles, may minimize the need to convert minimally invasive surgeries procedures to open, and may decrease the consequences of a missed RFO.
Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Epilepsy Surgical Candidate

Neurosurgical intervention is the primary treatment option for patients with partial epilepsies that are refractory to treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The probability that a patient with epilepsy will be successfully treated with an AED greatly diminishes after two drug trial failures (Kwan & Brodie, 2000), and such patients are typically considered for surgical intervention (Kwan et al., 2010). Neuropsychological assessment is an integral component of the surgical management of patients with epilepsy, representing a useful clinical method for identifying optimal surgical candidates and maximizing outcome parameters while serving as a primary research tool. The practice of neuropsychology in the setting of the epilepsy monitoring unit has greatly enriched our understanding of neurocognitive processes and their underlying neural substrates, as this environment provides a unique opportunity to study brain functions in a highly controlled fashion before and after surgical resection. Likewise, the clinical impact of neuropsychology has been profound, as it represents a means to confirm seizure onset, to predict the possible effects of surgical intervention, and to track changes over time. Neuropsychologists are also ideally equipped to explain the potential risks and benefits of surgery to patients, to identify and address comorbid psychiatric issues, and to direct the course of cognitive rehabilitation when necessary following surgery. The goals of the current chapter include elucidating the purpose of neuropsychology in epilepsy surgery, exploring potential difficulties involved in obtaining a valid assessment of the epilepsy patient (e.g., dealing with the possible effects of acute seizure activity or the confounding effects of AEDs), and providing concrete recommendations regarding the selection of tests to achieve both clinical and research goals. A summary of the findings that have been amassed over the years regarding the presurgical confirmation of the seizure focus and postsurgical identification of neurocognitive deficits resulting from surgery is provided. In this context, research regarding the usefulness of neuropsychological results to predict surgical outcome is covered as well, and a clinical vignette is included to highlight several of the central topics.
The Influence of Carr’s Synopsis on Ramanujan

Almost all biographers of Ramanujan (e.g., P.V. Seshu Aiyar and R. Ramachandra Rao [13, p. xii]) point to G.S. Carr’s A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure Mathematics [10] as the book which kindled the fire of Ramanujan’s devotion to mathematics. How much did Carr’s Synopsis influence Ramanujan? Which published papers and which entries in his notebooks [14] have their seeds in the Synopsis? We cannot provide definitive answers to these questions, because we know very little about the other books Ramanujan might have studied in his formative years. However, upon a close examination of Carr’s book, we can suggest some topics which Ramanujan might have learned from Carr.
Understanding the Twisted Structure of Amyloid Fibrils via Molecular Simulations

Accumulation and aggregation of amyloid are associated with the pathogenesis of many human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the molecular mechanisms causing different aggregated structures and biomechanical properties of amyloid fibrils could shed some light into the progression of these diseases. In this work, we develop coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) models to simulate the dynamic self-assembly of two types of amyloids (amylin and amyloid β (Aβ)). We investigate the structural and mechanical properties of different types of aggregated amyloid fibrils. Our simulations demonstrate that amyloid fibrils could result from longitudinal growth of protofilament bundles, confirming one of the hypotheses on the fibril formation. In addition, we find that the persistence length of amylin fibrils increases concurrently with their pitch length, suggesting that the bending stiffness of amylin fibrils becomes larger when the amylin...
Longitudinal Effects of Syndemics on HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men's Sexual Health Behaviors.

This study examined the longitudinal effects of co-occurring psychosocial concerns, or syndemics, on HIV-positive sexual minority men’s likelihood of engaging in serodiscordant condomless anal sex (CAS), a health behavior with implications for personal and public health. Participants included 390 HIV-positive sexual minority men from two prior secondary prevention trials. Over the course of the 1-year data collection period (up to 5 observations per participant), participants completed self-report measures of CAS, as well as six syndemic factors: post-traumatic stress disorder, childhood sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and polysubstance/stimulant use. We employed multilevel modeling to examine the longitudinal additive effect of syndemics on serodiscordant CAS (binary) over the 1-year period. The number of syndemic conditions was a significant predictor of CAS, with each additional syndemic associated with 1.41 greater odds of CAS (p = .0004; 95% CI [1.16, 1.70]). Both the between-person (p = .0121, 95% CI [1.07, 1.69]) and within-person (p = .01, 95% CI [1.11, 2.10]) effects of syndemics were significant predictors, showing that an increase in the number of syndemic conditions across person and time both increased odds of CAS. Interventions addressing HIV-positive sexual minority men’s sexual health behaviors should address the potential impact of co-occurring psychosocial concerns that affect these behaviors. This will benefit this population’s personal sexual health and reduce transmission of HIV and STIs among sexual minority men.
Correction timing: Does it affect teacher oral feedback?

Abstract The current study set out to investigate the effects of oral corrective feedback (OCF) and examine the impact of correction timing on lexical stress and sentence intonation accuracy in a Persian context. The data was collected from a sample of upper-intermediate EFL students (N = 61). Immediate teacher-explicit OCF, delayed teacher-explicit OCF, and a control group were randomly assigned to three classes. A list of 50 new words, contextualized in 50 statements/questions, were utilized to measure any possible gains. Analysis of post-test results confirmed that the teacher immediate OCF (n = 20) and teacher delayed OCF (n = 20) classes outperformed the control group (n = 21). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the treatment groups were not significantly different in lexical stress accuracy gains. In contrast, the immediate group had significantly higher gains than the delayed one in sentence intonation accuracy.
USING DISTRIBUTION COSTS IN DECISION MAKING AT THE DENNISON MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 1909 TO 1949

Early in the 20th century, predating most academic and practitioner literature, Dennison Manufacturing's top management recognized that certain kinds of distribution costs, normally treated as part of general overhead and allocated based on prime costs, were highly relevant for product-costing and pricing decisions. They pulled as many identifiable direct costs of distribution as possible out of the general overhead pool and assigned them to the appropriate product lines as extra information for the managers of those lines. However, these off-book assignments of costs were not fully understood and caused misunderstandings for many years. New archival evidence allows us to see the frustrations of managers who wanted to understand and use this information and how they attempted to solve these problems.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation

DNA methylation is a post-replicative, or epigenetic, modification of the genome that is critical for proper mammalian embryonic development, gene silencing, X chromosome inactivation, and imprinting. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are nonrandomly distributed and undergo significant remodeling events during embryogenesis. DNA methylation patterns are also frequently ‘remodeled’ in tumor cells in a way that directly contributes to tumor suppressor gene inactivation and genomic instability. The mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of genomic DNA methylation patterns during development and in somatic cells remains a very important and unanswered question in the DNA methylation field. Emerging evidence suggests that protein-protein interactions between components of the DNA methylation machinery (the DNA methyltransferases) and aspects of chromatin structure such as histone tail modifications and chromatin remodeling, directly determine which regions of the genome are to be methylated. By studying these mechanisms in detail we should be able gain insights into how DNA methylation patterns become disrupted in tumor cells and how these defects may be corrected.
Interplay of interactions and disorder at the superfluid-insulator transition: A dirty two-dimensional quantum critical point

We study the stability of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point of the quantum $\text{O}(2N)$ vector model to quenched disorder in the large-$N$ limit. While a random mass is strongly relevant at the Gaussian fixed point, its effect is screened by the strong interactions of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. This enables a perturbative renormalization group study of the interplay of disorder and interactions about this fixed point. We show that, in contrast to the spiralling flows obtained in earlier double-$\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansions, the theory flows directly to a quantum critical point characterized by finite disorder and interactions. The critical exponents we obtain for this transition are in remarkable agreement with numerical studies of the superfluid-Mott glass transition. We additionally discuss the stability of this fixed point to scalar and vector potential disorder and use proposed boson-fermion dualities to make conjectures regarding the effects of weak disorder on dual Abelian Higgs and Chern-Simons-Dirac fermion theories when $N=1$.
An Afternoon Hummus Snack Affects Diet Quality, Appetite, and Glycemic Control in Healthy Adults.

BACKGROUND Snacking continues to be a major component in the dietary patterns of most Americans despite conflicting evidence surrounding snacking healthfulness. Low-sugar, highly nutritive snacks, such as hummus, can lead to improvements in diet quality, appetite, and glycemic control. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of afternoon snacking on diet quality, appetite, and glycemic control in healthy adults. METHODS Thirty-nine adults (age: 26 ± 1 y; BMI: 24.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2) randomly completed the following afternoon snack patterns for 6 d/pattern: hummus and pretzels [HUMMUS; 240 kcal; 6 g protein, 31 g carbohydrate (2 g sugar), 11 g fat]; granola bars [BARS; 240 kcal; 4 g protein, 38 g carbohydrate (16 g sugar), 9 g fat]; or no snacking (NO SNACK). On day 7 of each pattern, a standardized breakfast and lunch were provided. The respective snack was provided to participants 3 h after lunch, and appetite, satiety, and mood questionnaires were completed throughout the afternoon. At 3 h postsnack, a standardized dinner was consumed, and an evening snack cooler was provided to be consumed, ad libitum at home, throughout the evening. Lastly, 24 h continuous glucose monitoring was performed. RESULTS HUMMUS reduced subsequent snacking on desserts by ∼20% compared with NO SNACK (P = 0.001) and BARS (P < 0.001). HUMMUS led to greater dietary compensation compared with BARS (122 ± 31% compared with 72 ± 32%, respectively; P < 0.05). HUMMUS reduced indices of appetite (i.e., hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption) by ∼70% compared with NO SNACK (all P < 0.05), whereas BARS did not. Additionally, satiety was ∼30% greater following HUMMUS and BARS compared with NO SNACK (both P < 0.005) with no differences between snacks. Lastly, HUMMUS reduced afternoon blood glucose concentrations by ∼5% compared with BARS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute consumption of a low-sugar, afternoon hummus snack improved diet quality and selected indices of appetite, satiety, and glycemic control in healthy adults. Long-term trials assessing the effects of hummus snacking on health outcomes are warranted.
VWF maturation and release are controlled by 2 regulators of Weibel-Palade body biogenesis: exocyst and BLOC-2

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an essential hemostatic protein that is synthesized in endothelial cells and stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). Understanding the mechanisms underlying WPB biogenesis and exocytosis could enable therapeutic modulation of endogenous VWF, yet optimal targets for modulating VWF release have not been established. Because biogenesis of lysosomal related organelle-2 (BLOC-2) functions in the biogenesis of platelet dense granules and melanosomes, which like WPBs are lysosome-related organelles, we hypothesized that BLOC-2-dependent endolysosomal trafficking is essential for WPB biogenesis and sought to identify BLOC-2-interacting proteins. Depletion of BLOC-2 caused misdirection of cargo-carrying transport tubules from endosomes, resulting in immature WPBs that lack endosomal input. Immunoprecipitation of BLOC-2 identified the exocyst complex as a binding partner. Depletion of the exocyst complex phenocopied BLOC-2 depletion, resulting in immature WPBs. Furthermore, releasates of immature WPBs from either BLOC-2 or exocyst-depleted endothelial cells lacked high-molecular weight (HMW) forms of VWF, demonstrating the importance of BLOC-2/exocyst-mediated endosomal input during VWF maturation. However, BLOC-2 and exocyst showed very different effects on VWF release. Although BLOC-2 depletion impaired exocytosis, exocyst depletion augmented WPB exocytosis, indicating that it acts as a clamp. Exposure of endothelial cells to a small molecule inhibitor of exocyst, Endosidin2, reversibly augmented secretion of mature WPBs containing HMW forms of VWF. These studies show that, although BLOC-2 and exocyst cooperate in WPB formation, only exocyst serves to clamp WPB release. Exocyst function in VWF maturation and release are separable, a feature that can be exploited to enhance VWF release.
Meaningfulness at the Intersection of Knowledge and Environmental Objects: Investigating Interactions in Art Galleries and Residences Involving Persons with Dementia and Their Carers

This chapter considers how discursive practices centered on objects in the local environment have the potential to enhance the well-being of persons with dementia. The authors first examine two types of interactions within art gallery programs involving guides who are specially trained to work with visitors with dementia. These interactions include those in which visitors pose questions to guides relating to the visitors’ own interests, facilitating visitors’ personal agency; and those in which guides pose questions to visitors regarding topics that relate to the visitors’ personal lives, affording visitors’ displays of authoritative knowledge. The authors then provide readers with opportunities to experience first-hand how meaningful conversations might be sparked within home settings of persons with dementia. Through pedagogical exercises, the reader can assume the role of potential conversational partner as well as discourse analyst by evaluating real-world conversations and comparing them to those presented in the first part of the chapter.
Insider Attack Detection for Science DMZs Using System Performance Data

The science DMZ is a specialized network model developed to guarantee secure and efficient transfer of data for large-scale distributed research. To enable a high level of performance, the Science DMZ includes dedicated data transfer nodes (DTNs). Protecting these DTNs is crucial to maintaining the overall security of the network and the data, and insider attacks are a major threat. Although some limited network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are deployed to monitor DTNs, this alone is not sufficient to detect insider threats. Monitoring for abnormal system behavior, such as unusual sequences of system calls, is one way to detect insider threats. However, the relatively predictable behavior of the DTN suggests that we can also detect unusual activity through monitoring system performance, such as CPU and disk usage, along with network activity. In this paper, we introduce a potential insider attack scenario, and show how readily available system performance metrics can be employed to detect data tampering within DTNs, using DBSCAN clustering to actively monitor for unexpected behavior.
Engaging Politics in the New Testament Classroom: Excavating a Syllabus

Teaching the historical study of the New Testament and early Christianity at the University of Tennessee requires creativity, confidence, and compassion. The forty-person upper-level “Introduction to the New Testament” course that I teach every year is my most challenging and most pedagogically interesting class, and also the most rewarding. My goal in this class is to make space for a variety of responses to the material while teaching the context and history of the New Testament texts as well as how to think critically about the politics of their interpretation. The challenge is to take the diverse passions that my students bring to the class and help them all to engage together critically with both the historical study of early Christianity and the politics of its interpretation that are so visible in the world around them.
Probing complex geophysical geometries with chattering dust.

The modern energy economy and environmental infrastructure rely on the flow of fluids through fractures in rock. Yet this flow cannot be imaged directly because rocks are opaque to most probes. Here we apply chattering dust, or chemically reactive grains of sucrose containing pockets of pressurized carbon dioxide, to study rock fractures. As a dust grain dissolves, the pockets burst and emit acoustic signals that are detected by distributed sets of external ultrasonic sensors that track the dust movement through fracture systems. The dust particles travel through locally varying fracture apertures with varying speeds and provide information about internal fracture geometry, flow paths and bottlenecks. Chattering dust particles have an advantage over chemical sensors because they do not need to be collected, and over passive tracers because the chattering dust delineates the transport path. The current laboratory work has potential to scale up to near-borehole applications in the field. Chattering dust, or chemically reactive grains of sucrose containing pockets of pressurized carbon dioxide, are used in this experimental approach to study rock fractures. The chattering dust emits acoustic shocks that can be monitored and illuminates fracture geometry.
A daytime nap combined with nighttime sleep promotes learning in toddlers.

Abstract Napping after learning promotes consolidation of new information during infancy. Yet, whether naps play a similar role during toddlerhood, a stage when many children are beginning to transition away from napping, is less clear. In Experiment 1, we examined whether napping after learning promotes generalization of novel category exemplars 24 h later. Young children (N = 54, age range = 29–36 months) viewed three category exemplars in different contexts from each of three categories and remained awake (No-Nap condition) or napped (Nap condition) after encoding and were then tested 24 h later. Children who napped after learning showed superior generalization 24 h later relative to children who did not nap. In a Nap-Control condition tested 4 h after awakening from a nap, children performed at the same low level as in the No-Nap condition, indicating that generalization stemmed from an additional period of nighttime sleep and not simply from a nap or increased time. In Experiment 2, we examined whether nighttime sleep is sufficient for generalization if it occurs soon after learning. An additional group of children (N = 18) learned before bedtime and were tested 4 h after waking up the next day. Children did not generalize as well as those who had a nap combined with subsequent nighttime sleep. These findings suggest that naps, when combined with a period of nighttime sleep, might help toddlers to retain newly learned information and lead to delayed benefits in generalization.
Structural response of steel-concrete composite floor systems under traveling fires

Abstract An investigation was carried out to examine the structural response of two steel-concrete composite floor system under traveling fires. The thermal-mechanical analyses were performed using the finite element software ABAQUS, where the traveling fire exposures were defined using the improved Traveling Fires Methodology. Essential factors influencing the fire resistance of the composite floor systems, namely the fire rating and fire protection scheme of the passive fire protection were varied in this study. The composite floor systems were also exposed to an ASTM E119 standard fire and two natural fire exposures applied to a corner compartment. The results showed that fire insulations derived from prescriptive approaches may not provide adequate safety under traveling fires. Through a performance-based design procedure, improved performance under traveling fires was achieved through better allocation of the fire protection. Specifically, insulation from the interior floor beams were removed and applied to the girders and exterior floor beams. This fire safety solution is economical when compared to the simultaneous increase of fire protection of all floor beams and girders, typical of a prescriptive design approach.
Plasma Heating and Density Cavity Formation by Inertial Alfvén Waves: Laboratory Modeling of an Ionospheric Process

Alfven waves play many important roles in the interaction of the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. In one significant example, shear Alfven waves triggered by reconnection in the magnetotail carry energy along field lines mapping back to the auroral ionosphere; there, where the electron thermal speed is small compared to the Alfven speed, electron inertial effects are important, and these Inertial Alfven Waves (IAWs) possess a parallel electric field which accelerates electrons. In some cases, the incoming IAW Poynting flux is sufficient to completely power the aurora [1] Bulk heating of electrons can also occur by IAWs when electron-ion Coulomb collisions become important in the lower ionosphere. The cross-field density of the ionospheric plasma has been found to contain a great deal of structure, including density cavities. Some of these cavities are co-located with IAWs and measurements by the FAST satellite [2] show that the waves can actually create the cavities. We present results of an investigation aimed at complementing the understanding of such phenomena from a parameter-scaled, laboratory experiment.
The Estimation of the In Vivo Mitochondrial Free Ca2+ Concentration

Treatment of 48 hr. starved rats with the sodium salts of the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate or butyrate (1 ml 2 M solution of acid, pH 7.4/100g body wt) results in large increases in the hepatic inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), Mg2+ and Ca2+ content. The increase in PPi content is quite rapid increasing from 0.024 μmol/g wet wt in control rats to about 1.5 μmol/g wet wt in acetate or butyrate treated rats in just 10 min. PPi accumulation reaches a maximum in 30 min with hepatic content ranging from 2–3 μmol/g wet wt. At the same time calcium increased from 1.3 μmol/g wet wt to values ranging between 4.2–5.5 μmol/g wet wt and magnesium increased from 10.1 μmol/g wet wt to values ranging between 11.2–12.1 μmol/g wet wt. The PPi appears to accumulate in the mitochondria based on the following evidence. In vivo 31P-NMR studies of the liver of rats treated with butyrate shows that the 2.5 μmol PPi/g wet wt tissue is NMR silent. In isolated hepatocytes PPi does not accumulate when formed only in the cytosol. And digitonin fractionation of isolated hepatocytes which have accumulated PPi after butyrate treatment shows that the PPi was located in the fraction containing mitochondria. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of rapidly frozen rat liver indicates that after treatment of rats with butyrate the total mitochondrial calcium increased 24 fold from 4.7 to 111 mmol/kg dry wt mitochondria while magnesium content increased from 33 to 52 mmol/kg dry wt mitochondria.
The utility of chest X-ray as a screening tool for blunt thoracic aortic injury

Abstract Background The early and accurate identification of patients with blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) remains a challenge. Traditionally, a portable AP chest X-ray (CXR) is utilized as the initial screening modality for BTAI, however, there is controversy surrounding its sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of CXR as a screening modality for BTAI. Methods After IRB approval, all adult (≥18 yo) blunt trauma patients admitted to LAC+USC (01/2011–12/2013) who underwent CXR and chest CT were retrospectively reviewed. Final radiology attending CXR readings were reviewed for mediastinal abnormalities (widened mediastinum, mediastinal to chest width ratio greater than 0.25, irregular aortic arch, blurred aortic contour, opacification of the aortopulmonary window, and apical pleural haematoma) suggestive of aortic injury. Chest CT final attending radiologist readings were utilized as the gold standard for diagnosis of BTAI. The primary outcome analyzed was CXR sensitivity. Results A total of 3728 patients were included in the study. The majority of patients were male (72.6%); mean age was 43 (SD 20). Median ISS was 9 (IQR 4–17) and median GCS was 15 (IQR 14–15). The most common mechanism of injury was MVC (48.0%), followed by fall (20.6%), and AVP (16.9%). The total number of CXRs demonstrating a mediastinal abnormality was 200 (5.4%). Widened mediastinum was present on 191 (5.1%) of CXRs, blurred aortic contour on 10 (0.3%), and irregular aortic arch on 4 (0.1%). An acute aortic injury confirmed by chest CT was present in 17 (0.5%) patients. Only 7 of these with CT-confirmed BTAI had a mediastinal abnormality identified on CXR, for a sensitivity of 41% (95% CI: 19–67%). Conclusion The results from this study suggest that CXR alone is not a reliable screening modality for BTAI. A combination of screening CXR and careful consideration of other factors, such as mechanism of injury, will be required to effectively discriminate between those who should and should not undergo chest CT.
Sickle cell anemia in pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. A full-term pregnancy occurred in the course of an active or activated sickle cell anemia. Death followed a long labor and a cesarean section in six hours. 2. 2. The baby survived and showed sickle cells in moist preparations of fresh blood (after twenty-four hours). 3. 3. The autopsy findings were characteristic of sickle cell anemia. The spleen weighed 960 gm., the largest spleen reported in the literature. 4. 4. The diagnosis of this condition clinically and the cause of death are discussed.
Hydrodynamic effects on the macromorphology of electrodeposited zinc and flow visualization: A flat plate electrode in a channel flow cell

Abstract The macromorphological features of electrodeposited zinc that result from hydrodynamic flow conditions along a flat plate electrode in a channel flow cell have been investigated using acidic chloride solutions (0.1–4.0 M ZnCl 2 +HCl) for the current density range 10–100 mA cm −2 . All the complex hydrodynamic characteristics of the reattaching flow and the presence of streamwise directed counter-rotating Taylor-Goertler vortices behind the critical region of the stagnation line and separation have been clearly outlined and marked by the macromorphology of three-dimensional relief imprints. The macromorphological features of the deposit depend mainly on the flow rate, electric-field strength, deposition time, ionic zinc content and electrolyte composition. The macromorphological imprints of electrodeposited zinc within a certain current density range could be employed for both the instantaneous and the cumulative (time sequence of photoimprints) electrochemical visualization method.
CD8 T Cells Producing IL-17 and IFN-γ Initiate the Innate Immune Response Required for Responses to Antigen Skin Challenge

Effector CD8 T cell recruitment into the skin in response to Ag challenge requires prior CXCL1/KC-directed neutrophil infiltration. Mechanisms inducing CXCL1 production and the dynamics of neutrophil-CD8 T cell interactions during elicitation of Ag-specific responses in the skin were investigated. CXCL1 and CXCL2/MIP-2 were produced within 3-6 h of Ag challenge at 10-fold higher levels in skin challenge sites of Ag-sensitized vs nonsensitized mice. In the challenge sites of sensitized mice this production decreased at 6-9 h postchallenge to near the levels observed in skin challenge sites of nonsensitized mice but rose to a second peak 12 h after challenge. The elevated early neutrophil chemoattractant production at 3-6 h after skin challenge of sensitized animals required both IFN-gamma and IL-17, produced by distinct populations of Ag-primed CD8 T cells in response to Ag challenge. Although induced by the Ag-primed CD8 T cells, the early CXCL1 and CXCL2 production was accompanied by neutrophil but not CD8 T cell infiltration into the skin Ag challenge site. Infiltration of the CD8 T cells into the challenge site was not observed until 18-24 h after challenge. These results demonstrate an intricate series of early interactions between Ag-specific and innate immune components that regulate the sequential infiltration of neutrophils and then effector T cells into the skin to mediate an immune response.
LASNEX simulations of ETA-II and laser target experiments

Summary form only given, as follows. In order to have confidence in the radiation converter target design for DARHT-II using LASNEX and our equation of state (EOS) for Ta, we need to compare the LASNEX simulations with experimental results from ETA-II and laser target experiments. ETA-II experiments include the following measurements: integrated line density, plasma expansion velocity, temperature requirement for hole formation, thermal images of the plasma plume, and foil heating. We will show that agreement between LASNEX simulations and experiments on ETA-II and laser-target experiments is good for essentially all the measurements obtained so far for solid Ta targets. This provides us confidence in the design of the DARHT-II radiation converter target using LASNEX and our eos for Ta. We will also report the comparison of simulations of the latest ETA-II foamed target experiments.
A data transformation model for factor analysis

Abstract The traditional approach to factor analysis views this multivariate data analysis technique primarily as a method for determining component sources of variation in a derived matrix that excludes the unsystematic or error variation found in the original data matrix. The problem of transformation is only of concern in the final step of the pocedure, that of finding meaningful locations for the reference vectors. In this article we describe an orientation toward factor analysis viewing it primarily as a technique for transforming the data matrix directly into factor score and factor loading matrices.
Use of a cAMP BRET Sensor to Characterize a Novel Regulation of cAMP by the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate/G13 Pathway

Regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is integral in mediating cell growth, cell differentiation, and immune responses in hematopoietic cells. To facilitate studies of cAMP regulation we developed a BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) sensor for cAMP, CAMYEL (cAMP sensor using YFP-Epac-RLuc), which can quantitatively and rapidly monitor intracellular concentrations of cAMP in vivo. This sensor was used to characterize three distinct pathways for modulation of cAMP synthesis stimulated by presumed Gs-dependent receptors for isoproterenol and prostaglandin E2. Whereas two ligands, uridine 5'-diphosphate and complement C5a, appear to use known mechanisms for augmentation of cAMP via Gq/calcium and Gi, the action of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is novel. In these cells, S1P, a biologically active lysophospholipid, greatly enhances increases in intracellular cAMP triggered by the ligands for Gs-coupled receptors while having only a minimal effect by itself. The enhancement of cAMP by S1P is resistant to pertussis toxin and independent of intracellular calcium. Studies with RNAi and chemical perturbations demonstrate that the effect of S1P is mediated by the S1P2 receptor and the heterotrimeric G13 protein. Thus in these macrophage cells, all four major classes of G proteins can regulate intracellular cAMP.