cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, and Short-Term Efficacy of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusions for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Preliminary Report

Objective To provide pediatric care providers with insight into lidocaine infusions for analgesia. Aim This retrospective review was conducted to describe lidocaine infusions for chronic refractory pain within the adolescent and young adult pain population. Setting Although lidocaine infusions have been used for pain management in adults, their analgesic utility in the adolescent and young adult population is limited and so is the evidence for their efficacy and safety. Methods After Institutional Board Review approval, a retrospective review of efficacy and safety data for analgesic use of lidocaine was conducted. Results Fifteen patients received 58 infusions with 76% receiving relief where maximum relief was seen among patients with starting pain scores ≥6/10 (mean reduction 2.3 vs 0.5, P value = 0.006) and when a patient had three or more infusions (mean reduction 1.7 compared with 1.2). No serious side effects were encountered, but only mild or moderate side effects that did not require any intervention. Incidence of tingling or numbness and nausea or vomiting seemed to correlate with total dose of lidocaine per kilogram body weight. Patients reported reduced pain scores (6.3 ± 2.3 to 4.6 ± 2.5 before compared with after the infusion [as mean ± standard deviation]) during 80% of infusions. Conclusions Our limited experience suggests that lidocaine infusions are well tolerated in the adolescent and young adult pain population, with side effects resolving quickly with interruption or discontinuation of the infusion if necessary. Future studies are warranted to examine safety, efficacy, mechanism of actions, and its long-term impact on a developing central nervous system.
Thermal Ecology and Ecological Energetics of California Spotted Owls

Abstract In this study, we used open-circuit respirometry and the doubly labeled water technique (DLW) to examine the thermal ecology and ecological energetics of California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). Our physiological and behavioral observations indicated that Spotted Owls are less heat tolerant than typical birds. At temperatures above the thermoneutral zone (18.2–35.2°C), resting metabolic rate increased 1.48 times faster than predicted allometrically, and behavioral responses to heat stress (increased breathing rate, ptiloerection, gaping, and wing drooping) occurred at relatively modest temperatures, 30–34°C. Our data support the hypothesis that Spotted Owls prefer old-growth and late seral stage forests because they provide favorable microclimates. Our metabolic measurements reveal that Spotted Owls have exceptionally low energy requirements. Their basal metabolic rate, 10.13 ± 0.46 J g−1 hr−1, is only 82% of that predicted allometrically for owls. Field metabolic rate (FMR) of ...
The Education Issues of the Children of Internal Migrant Workers in China

The education issues of rural migrant children in China have been a public focus since mid-1990s. Due to the restrictions of their Household Registration status, the migrant children have often been rejected by the public schools in the cities, provoking the public questioning about school access and assurance of education equality in China for these children. Until now, rural migrant students face unequal treatment in the urban public school system, and the education problems of migrant children have not been well resolved. This chapter uncovers the major obstacles that the rural migrant students face regarding their schooling in the residential cities.
Why “Why Christianity Works” Works

I thank my respondents for their feedback on my essay and David Yamane for providing the opportunity of this exchange to clarify issues and hopefully move forward our understanding of significant matters in our field. It is important, after considering the details of my respondents' reactions, first to step back to gain some larger perspective on the original nature and purpose of the essay in question. As to genre, my essay is a theoretical thought piece, intended to float ideas that may offer useful approaches and perspectives for future research in the field. I agree with the editor that such thought pieces deserve a hearing in our joumals, alongside more standard articles, because they hold the potential to contribute in their own way to our self-reflexivity as schol ars and creative reflection on alternative perspectives in our field. As to argu ment, to reiterate, I believe that the sociology of religion needs to develop a stronger empirical research program examining how religious beliefs and prac tices generate for adherents subjective experiences involving emotional respons es which help to reinforce people's commitment to those religions. Exactly how and why that happens (assuming the suggestion itself has any merit) is an open empirical question, but one that is currently neglected and I think well worth investigating more seriously in the future. The specific case that I took up in my essay as an example of how this might work was Christianity, a multifaceted case the argument about which could of course be developed and complexified well beyond what my short essay offered. I suspect that this proposed research agenda would also prove fruitful if applied to most other religions, although the specifics of the analytical stories to be told will no doubt vary by the religious tradition and sub-tradition being studied. As to style and tone, my essay was intentionally written with a strong feeling of sub jective experience and affect, in order to create something of an aesthetic corre spondence between the theoretical argument and the tenor of the prose. My pur pose was to give some sense of the phenomenological perspective embedded in my argument, which necessarily introduces subjectivity and affect into our under standing and explanation. This purposeful discursive move I made explicit in the seventh sentence of my essay's abstract, which stated, "I also reflect the subjec
The economic analysis and necessity of transaction of pollution discharge license

The transaction of pollution discharge licenses is an economic stimulating method based on market :The sellers economical return from selling the rest valid term of pollution discharge license is a kind of market compensation because it is helpful to reduce the environmental external diseconomics .While the other party (the customer)pays for the pollution discharge license because the cost of reducing pollution is too high .The cost of the licence is actually the price of external diseconomics .So , the transaction of pollution discharge license is very important to realizing the internalization of exteriority , applying environmental protection technology and promoting the industrialization of environmental protection .In order to implement the transaction system of pollution discharge license smoothly , its necessary to build supplementary mechanisms such as pollution discharge license controlling environmental capacity , pollution discharging targets with certain prices and the combined adoption of economic methods and the transaction of pollution discharge license .[ Ch , 6 ref .]
Discussion on requirement of electronic commerce professional talents

This paper discusses the phenomenon of acute contradiction between increases of college electronic commerce subject and students and employment difficulties.Then we analyzed job posts and discussed requirement of electronic commerce professional talents.
65 CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING AS A PRECIPITATING FACTOR IN DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES.: Table

A 56-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) presented with unstable angina. ECG showed ST elevation in all leads. On admission, she developed VTAC followed by asystole and was resuscitated with transvenous pacing. Angiogram showed triple-vessel disease. Preoperatively the patient was on insulin lispro of 4.5 U/hr with subcutaneous (SC) dose of sliding scale insulin every 2 hours. On the day of surgery, her fasting blood glucose was 180 mg/dL with no ketone or abnormal electrolytes. She received 6 U of lispro SC and was premedicated 1 hour before surgery and was preoxygenated. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone, morphine, isoflurane, and vecuronium. Postinduction blood glucose was increased to 463 mg/dL with HCO3 of 15.1, pH of 7.25, and urine ketone of 3+. The patient received IV dose of 10 U of lispro and 25 mL of 7.5% HCO3. The following table depicts the patient9s treatment during surgery and postoperatively with responses to therapy. She also received 100 mL (20%) of mannitol as a prophylaxis for possible hypercoagulation state. The patient recovered uneventfully. Her insulin requirement postoperatively was 2 U/h on average blood glucose of 118-170 mg/dL with normal electrolytes. The patient was discharged 5 days later. We conclude that anesthesia induction and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in this T2DM patient resulted in the emergence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in which hydration, low to moderate dose of insulin, and frequent monitoring of the patient resulted in uneventful recovery from DKA.
Iontophoresis : An alternative drug-delivery system

Iontophoresis expands the range of drugs that are available for transdermal drug delivery. This article looks at the important advantages this technology offers, such as the ability to rapidly deliver large quantities of large-molecule and water-soluble drugs. Its potential is illustrated in a review of ideal drug candidates and results of trials conducted to date.
Effect Of Controlled-Release Oxybutynin On Neurogenic Bladder Function In Spinal Cord Injury

AbstractObjective: This study evaluated the effects and tolerability of extended-release oxybutynin chloride on the frequency of voiding and catheterization and urodynamic capacity in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with defined detrusor hyperreflexia.Methods: This was a 1 2-week, prospective, dose-titration study of extended-release oxybutynin (oxybutynin XL) . SCI patients with urodynamically defined detrusor hyperreflexia were recruited for this study. Following a 7 -day washout period, patients were evaluated via video-urodynamic study and then treatment was initiated at a dosage of 1 0 mg per day. Dosage was increased in weekly intervals to a maximum of 30 mg per day. Micturation frequency diaries and urodynamics were completed at baseline and repeated at week 1 2. Tolerability information was collected at each follow-up visit.Results: Ten patients (mean age = 49 years) with complete or incomplete SCI were enrolled. Participants reported clinical improvement (decreased urinary frequency and fewer i...
Capsaicin attenuates feeding suppression but not reinforcement by intestinal nutrients

During and after a meal, the presence of nutrients in the intestine can be rapidly detected and signaled to the brain via visceral afferents. Intestinal infusions of carbohydrate and fat suppress food intake, and this satiety action is inhibited by capsaicin, a neurotoxin that produces a partial visceral deafferentation. This study determined if the postingestive reinforcing action of nutrients is also suppressed by capsaicin treatment. Food-restricted control and capsaicin-treated rats were trained to drink a flavored solution paired with intraduodenal infusions of carbohydrate (Polycose solution) on some days and, on other days, a differently flavored solution paired with intraduodenal water infusions. In a choice test, both groups displayed a strong preference for the Polycose-paired flavor. In a subsequent satiety test, however, intraduodenal Polycose suppressed sucrose sham feeding in the controls but not in capsaicin-treated rats. The same rats were next trained to associate new flavors with intraduodenal fat (corn oil emulsion) and intraduodenal water infusions. During training, oil infusions reduced oral intakes in the controls much more than in the capsaicin-treated rats. Both groups reliably preferred the oil-paired flavor in the subsequent choice test. These results indicate that, unlike the satiating effect of intestinal carbohydrate and fat, the reinforcing actions of these nutrients are not mediated by capsaicin-sensitive visceral afferents. The data also imply that the postingestive reinforcement produced by nutrients is not dependent on the nutrients' satiating quality.
Surgical Management of Peripheral Vascular Manifestations of Loeys–Dietz Syndrome

Background Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by a triad of aortic aneurysm, vessel tortuosity, and hypertelorism. LDS patients often harbor additional aneurysms and dissections throughout their vasculature. The optimal management of these additional lesions is poorly understood. Accordingly, we sought to analyze our experience with the peripheral arterial manifestations of LDS. Methods Adult and pediatric LDS patients who sought treatment at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if radiographic or clinically documented evidence existed of peripheral artery aneurysm or dissection. Standard univariate analyses were performed. Results Eighteen LDS patients (aged 1.3–59.3 years, mean age 27.8 years at diagnosis) with aortic (not including root, ascending, or arch) vascular abnormalities were identified. Average follow-up was 5.2 ± 3.8 years. Fourteen (77.8%) patients had peripheral aneurysms, occurring most frequently in the carotid (35.7%), subclavian (35.7%), and visceral (28.6%) segments. Most patients had multiple peripheral segments involved (average 2, range 1–6). Nine (64%) patients with peripheral involvement underwent repair, for a total of 17 operations (average 1.89 operations per patient, range 1–4). Endovascular techniques were used in 4 operations (23.5%), without technical failures. Among patients requiring surgical repair, a history of abdominal aortic repairs was present in 77.8%, yielding a total of 36 vascular repairs (average 4, range 2–7). Perioperative morbidity was 11.8%, with no reported mortalities. Prior aortic dissection was not associated with peripheral surgical repairs (P = 0.58). Conclusions LDS is an aggressive vasculopathy which commonly affects the peripheral vasculature. Our data suggest that open and endovascular procedures may be safe and effective in the LDS periphery and multiple operations are common. As prior aortic dissection did not predict peripheral arterial involvement in LDS, vigilant peripheral arterial surveillance of LDS is warranted regardless of aortic disease state and may be key to early identification and our treatment success.
A DPSO-Based Load Balancing Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm with Particle Initialization Strategy

Virtual network embedding (VNE) is helpful for effective sharing the underlying physical substrate network resources. In the existing particle swarm optimization-based VNE algorithms, the particle position initialization phase will produce a lot of resources fragment and prevent the underlying substrate network from receiving more resource requests. In order to improve the utilization rate and load balancing of the substrate network as well as accelerate the mapping efficiency of VNE algorithm, this paper presents a particle swarm optimization based load balancing VNE algorithm. A particle position initialization strategy is introduced by reducing the candidate substrate nodes to reject the inaccuracy caused by the random selection in position initialization. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively increase the acceptance rate of virtual network requests and improve the long-term average revenue to cost ratio of the substrate network.
Policing of Public Order in India

Maintenance of order is a crucial function for the police, since development is possible only in an orderly society. In India, group violence and organised challenge to the established order are co...
Electrochemical properties and structural evolution of O3-type layered sodium mixed transition metal oxides with trivalent nickel

The electrochemical properties of NaNi0.5Co0.5O2 and NaNi0.5Fe0.5O2 and their structural transitions as a function of Na extraction associated with redox reactions are investigated in this work. Synthesized in the O3-type layered structure, both materials show reasonable electrochemical activities at room temperature, delivering approximately 0.5 Na per formula unit at C/10 discharge. More Na can be reversibly cycled in NaNi0.5Co0.5O2 at elevated temperature and/or in an extended voltage window, while NaNi0.5Fe0.5O2 shows significant capacity fading at a high voltage cutoff which is likely due to Fe4+ migration. In situ X-ray diffraction shows that the structural changes in the two materials upon desodiation are very different. NaNi0.5Co0.5O2 goes through many different two-phase reactions including three different O3-type and three different P3-type structures during cycling, producing a voltage profile with multiple plateau-like features. In contrast, NaNi0.5Fe0.5O2 has a smooth voltage profile and shows the typical O3–P3 phase transition without lattice distortion seen in other materials. This different structural evolution upon desodiation and re-sodiation can be explained by the electronic structure of the mixed transition metals and how it perturbs the ordering between Na ions differently.
Laboratory investigations of Titan haze formation: In situ measurement of gas and particle composition

Abstract Prior to the arrival of the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft, aerosol production in Titan’s atmosphere was believed to begin in the stratosphere where chemical processes are predominantly initiated by far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. However, measurements taken by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) and Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) indicate that haze formation initiates in the thermosphere where there is a greater flux of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons and energetic particles available to initiate chemical reactions, including the destruction of N 2 . The discovery of previously unpredicted nitrogen species in measurements of Titan’s atmosphere by the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) indicates that nitrogen participates in the chemistry to a much greater extent than was appreciated before Cassini. The degree of nitrogen incorporation in the haze particles is important for understanding the diversity of molecules that may be present in Titan’s atmosphere and on its surface. We have conducted a series of Titan atmosphere simulation experiments using either spark discharge (Tesla coil) or FUV photons (deuterium lamp) to initiate chemistry in CH 4 /N 2 gas mixtures ranging from 0.01% CH 4 /99.99% N 2 to 10% CH 4 /90% N 2 . We obtained in situ real-time measurements using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) to measure the particle composition as a function of particle size and a proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) to measure the composition of gas phase products. These two techniques allow us to investigate the effect of energy source and initial CH 4 concentration on the degree of nitrogen incorporation in both the gas and solid phase products. The results presented here confirm that FUV photons produce not only solid phase nitrogen bearing products but also gas phase nitrogen species. We find that in both the gas and solid phase, nitrogen is found in nitriles rather than amines and that both the gas phase and solid phase products are composed primarily of molecules with a low degree of aromaticity. The UV experiments reproduce the absolute abundances measured in Titan’s stratosphere for a number of gas phase species including C 4 H 2 , C 6 H 6 , HCN, CH 3 CN, HC 3 N, and C 2 H 5 CN.
Regenerating β cells of the pancreas - potential developments in diabetes treatment.

Introduction: The etiology of diabetes is mainly attributed to insulin deficiency due to the lack of β cells (type 1), or to insulin resistance that eventually results in β cell dysfunction (type 2...
Sprandel, Inc.: Electronic Workpapers, Audit Documentation, and Closing Review Notes in the Audit of Accounts Receivable

ABSTRACT Workpaper review is an important quality control mechanism in the audit environment. However, appropriately responding to review notes is not commonly taught. The Sprandel, Inc. case provides a hands-on learning experience for students to connect textbook audit knowledge through use of an activity regularly performed in audit practice: closing review notes. Through the process of closing review notes, students practice auditing accounts receivable, including performing audit procedures related to internal controls and substantive audit work. The case also provides students with an opportunity to use Excel to complete electronic workpapers and to document their audit procedures. Further, the case requires students to use critical-thinking skills and apply professional skepticism when performing audit procedures, evaluating audit evidence, and making decisions. Finally, this case helps students understand how auditing standards apply to the procedures performed during an audit of accounts receivabl...
Autonomous Vehicles and the Attribution of Moral Responsibility

With the imminent advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) comes a moral dilemma: How do people assign responsibility in the event of a fatal accident? AVs necessarily create conditions in which “driver...
The Prevalence of “Late-Onset” ADHD in a Clinically Referred Adult Sample:

Objective: Three recent prospective longitudinal studies of population cohorts reported nontrivial rates of “adult-onset” ADHD. Given that this result is at odds with the neurodevelopmental concept...
A Comparison Among the Three Strategic Frameworks: Porter, the Resource-Based View of the Firm, and the Delta Model

In spite of the enormous proliferation of competing schemes in the business strategy literature, there are two fundamental paradigms that have emerged as the most influential in the last two decades. First, Competitive Positioning, as proposed by Michael Porter from the Harvard Business School in the 1980s, and, second, the Resource-Based View of the Firm that evolved during the 1990s.
A Study on Coefficient Reduction of Binary Knapsack Inequalities

In 1975, Bradley, Hammer and Wolsey characterized the minimal representation of binary knapsack problems. A linear programming formulation for this problem often gave integral solutions leading the authors to state “We know of no satisfactory explanation of why the large fraction of linear programming optimal solutions are integer for this problem.” Here we provide a study of this phenomenum. We find these problems are close in structure to problems having a dual that is an integral, dynamic Leontief Substitution System. The duals of integral Leontief Substitution Systems have feasible sets with a least element so they have an integral solution for any objective having non-negative coefficients.
Uric acid excretion in patients with malignant lymphomas.

Uric acid blood and urine studies were performed in 12 patients with lymphomas while on a measured low purine diet before, during and after cytotoxic therapy. Before treatment, urinary uric acid excretion in these patients was significantly higher than in normal subjects, although only 2 patients had clearly elevated blood uric acid levels. There was no correlation between the estimated size of the tumor masses and pretreatment uric acid excretion. The response to treatment could not have been predicted by measurement of the pretreatment uric acid excretion. In one patient with extensive tumor infiltration of the kidneys, dangerous renal failure, preceded by marked hyperuricemia, developed during therapy. Mechanical hemodialysis resulted in clinical improvement and marked reduction in the blood levels of uric acid and urea. The finding of a large increase in uric acid excretion during the early days of treatment of a patient with lymphoma is indicative of a responsive tumor. Such data also serve as warning of potential obstructive uric acid nephropathy or uropathy before major increases in serum uric acid appear. Small increases of uric acid excretion in association with treatment could not be correlated with objective clinical response.
Night Calls for Dawn: J. M. G. Le ClÉzio and Michel Rio

The participants of our colloquium seem to be on the same all-enveloping paths, watching this world and its upheavals and troubles as well as its beautiful secrets. Each of us must sympathetically share in the fate of all humanity, of all creatures, as when plants grow and blossom, they thank us for our care.
Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep

Only in the past few years have the modern-day epidemics of obesity and chronic sleep loss been linked with one another. Both controlled clinical studies and epidemiological studies have provided evidence that chronic partial sleep loss may lead to obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Emerging data from animal models for sleep loss, as well as for circadian dysregulation, are beginning to define at a mechanistic level how the sleep–wake, circadian clock, and energy balance systems are influencing one another at various levels of organization, both in the periphery and in the central nervous system.
Deformation and vibration of compressed, nested, elastic rings on rigid base

Abstract Vertical circular rings and a system of three nested rings are tested and analyzed. The rings are clamped to a flat rigid base and are loaded vertically at the top by either a concentrated load or a rigid plate. The tests involve rings made by 3D printing. In the analysis, each ring is modeled as an inextensible elastica. For downward quasi-static loading, point contact at the base becomes line contact under sufficiently high loads. Deformations are determined, and small vibrations about equilibrium are examined. Good agreement is found between experiments and theory. The topic is motivated by the application of short nested tubes for energy absorption.
Monte Carlo experiments of market demand theory

This study investigated the present theory for market demand and discussed the limitations and restrictions of theory from an empirical perspective. The objective of the study was to set up a Monte Carlo model to analyze the relationship between consumer demand and market demand and investigate the market approximation characteristics in light of aggregation conditions. Assuming that income and prices follow lognormal distributions individual optimal allocations were computed and aggregated to market data. Then various market demand systems were applied and approximation characteristics were studied in terms of bias and variance of elasticities. The analyses were carried in several experiments based on different individual demand systems under various assumptions of distributions of income and prices;The results indicated that bias in elasticities may be considerable. The numerical exercises also indicated that rejection rate of Slutsky restrictions increased as the assumption of constant variance of distribution of income and prices was relaxed;Quadratic response surfaces for bias as percent of true elasticities and variance of Slutsky restrictions were also fitted based on experiments following a Central Composite design;The design factors included some of the individual demand coefficients and variance of income and price distributions. The fitted quadratic response surfaces for bias in elasticities indicated that the design factors were not important. On the other hand, the response surfaces fitted for variance of Slutsky restrictions indicated that the design factors were important.
Dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with cirrhosis and acute myocardial infarction - A 13-year nationwide cohort study.

Background Patients with cirrhosis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present dilemma whether dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) should be used. Methods Electronic medical records between 2001–2013 were retrieved from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients were excluded for missing information, age <20 years old, history of AMI, liver transplant, autoimmune disease, coagulopathy, taking DAPT 3 months before index date, follow-up <3 months, anticoagulation user, without DAPT, and events of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and heart failure within 3-month of enrollment. Primary outcomes were 1-year all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, major bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Results A total of 150,887 patients with AMI retrieved. After exclusion criteria and propensity score-matching, 914 cirrhotic and 3,656 non-cirrhotic patients with AMI on DAPT were studied. During 1-year follow-up, there was significantly increased mortality in cirrhotic patients compared to non-cirrhotic patients (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.28–1.74). There was significantly decreased recurrent MI in cirrhotic patients compared to non-cirrhotic patients (subdistribution HR [SHR] = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.92). However, non-significantly increased major bleeding (SHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.87–1.73) and significantly increased gastrointestinal bleeding (SHR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.31–1.70). Conclusions In cirrhotic patients with AMI, DAPT offers benefit with decreased recurrent MI at the expense of increased gastrointestinal bleeding.
Genetic mapping of distal femoral, stifle, and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome <3.46×10−7 for the mixed and< 6.9x10-8 for the multilocus model) associations were found for PC1, tibial diaphyseal length and width, fat pad base length, and femoral and tibial condyle width at LCORL, a known body size-regulating locus. Other body size loci with significant associations were growth hormone 1 (GH1), which was associated with the length of the fat pad base and the width of the tibial diaphysis, and a region on CFAX near IRS4 and ACSL4 in the multilocus model. The tibial plateau angle was associated significantly with a locus on CFA10 in the linear mixed model with nearest candidate genes BET1 and MYH9 and on CFA08 near candidate genes WDHD1 and GCH1. MYH9 has a major role in osteoclastogenesis. Our study indicated that tibial plateau slope is associated with CCLD and a compressed infrapatellar fat pad, a surrogate for stifle osteoarthritis. Because of the association between tibial plateau slope and CCLD, and pending independent validation, these candidate genes for tibial plateau slope may be tested in breeds susceptible to CCLD before they develop disease or are bred.
How Early Task Success Affects Attitudes Toward Social Robots

While social robots are designed to engage in socially interactive tasks, they may not always establish the intended social connection. We examined how people's experiences of succeeding in completing these interactive tasks influence attitudes toward social robots. People developed more positive attitudes toward social robots when they completed more tasks successfully. These findings highlight potential constraints of complex interactive tasks increasingly implemented in commercially available social robots. A trade-off may exist between early task success and the sustained training of complex social robots by their human social partners.
Case 2: Recurrent Respiratory Distress in a Newborn

1. Sonya J. Wegman, MD* 2. Lucas McKnight, MD*,† 1. *The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 2. †Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH A 2-day-old boy born without complication at 38 weeks’ gestation to a healthy mother via spontaneous vaginal delivery presented to the emergency department with 2 episodes of apnea and cyanosis after discharge from the newborn nursery. One episode had occurred during breastfeeding, and the other hours after feeding. Of note, his mother reported that a similar cyanotic event had occurred hours after the patient’s birth and improved with suctioning. In the newborn nursery he was noted to have some coughing with feeds but ultimately was deemed appropriate for discharge from the nursery without further evaluation. On admission to the general pediatrics ward the patient continued to have episodic cyanosis and desaturations. The episodes each lasted a few minutes and seemed to resolve with suctioning of the airway. The events were often associated with oral intake but also occurred during periods of rest. Between episodes, the patient’s vital signs were within normal limits and physical examination findings were normal. Initial evaluation, including urinalysis, urine culture, complete blood cell count, blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture, meningitis array, chest radiography, electrocardiography, and a cardiology consult, did not reveal an etiology. Because the cyanotic episodes seemed to be related to feeding, oral feedings were discontinued in an attempt to avoid further episodes while the diagnostic evaluation continued. Enteral feeds were to be initiated, but failure to pass a nasojejunal tube in either nostril alerted to an obstruction of the nasal passages. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of …
Nanoantenna-based ultrafast thermoelectric long-wave infrared detectors

We investigate the generation of electrical signals by suspended thermoelectrically coupled nanoantennas (TECNAs) above a quasi-spherical reflector cavity in response to rapidly changing long-wave infrared radiation. These sensors use a resonant nanoantenna to couple the IR energy to a nanoscale thermocouple. They are positioned over a cavity, etched into the Si substrate, that provides thermal isolation and is designed as an optical element to focus the IR radiation to the antenna. We study the frequency-dependent response of such TECNAs to amplitude-modulated 10.6 μm IR signals. We experimentally demonstrate response times on the order of 3 μs, and a signal bandwidth of about 300 kHz. The observed electrical response is in excellent correlation with finite element method simulations based on the thermal properties of nanostructures. Both experiments and simulations show a key trade-off between sensitivity and response time for such structures and provide solutions for specific target applications.
Controversies Surrounding the Origin of Hepatocytes in Adult Livers and the in Vitro Generation or Propagation of Hepatocytes.

Epithelial cells in the liver (known as hepatocytes) are high-performance engines of myriad metabolic functions and versatile responders to liver injury. As hepatocytes metabolize amino acids, alcohol, drugs, and other substrates, they produce and are exposed to a milieu of toxins and harmful byproducts that can damage themselves. In the healthy liver, hepatocytes generally divide slowly. However, after liver injury, hepatocytes can ramp up proliferation to regenerate the liver. Yet, on extensive injury, regeneration falters, and liver failure ensues. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and, in particular, which liver cells are mobilized during liver maintenance and repair. Controversies continue to surround the very existence of hepatic stem cells and, if they exist, their spatial location, multipotency, degree of contribution to regeneration, ploidy, and susceptibility to tumorigenesis. This review discusses these controversies. Finally, we highlight how insights into hepatocyte regeneration and biology in vivo can inform in vitro studies to propagate primary hepatocytes with liver regeneration-associated signals and to generate hepatocytes de novo from pluripotent stem cells.
Feasibility and Acceptability of an Interactive Cancer-Communication Video Program Using African American Breast Cancer Survivor Stories.

To examine the feasibility and acceptability of an interactive video program of African American breast cancer survivor stories, we explored story reactions among African American women with newly ...
Tissue-resident CD8(+) T cells drive age-associated chronic lung sequelae after viral pneumonia

Lower respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections, often cause severe viral pneumonia in aged individuals. Here, we report that influenza viral pneumonia leads to chronic nonresolving lung pathology and exacerbated accumulation of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory tract of aged hosts. TRM cell accumulation relies on elevated TGF-β present in aged tissues. Further, we show that TRM cells isolated from aged lungs lack a subpopulation characterized by expression of molecules involved in TCR signaling and effector function. Consequently, TRM cells from aged lungs were insufficient to provide heterologous protective immunity. The depletion of CD8+ TRM cells dampens persistent chronic lung inflammation and ameliorates tissue fibrosis in aged, but not young, animals. Collectively, our data demonstrate that age-associated TRM cell malfunction supports chronic lung inflammatory and fibrotic sequelae after viral pneumonia.
Accessible Boundary Points in the Shift Locus of a Family of Meromorphic Functions with Two Finite Asymptotic Values

In this paper, we continue the study, began in Chen et al. (Slices of parameter space for meromorphic maps with two asymptotic values, arXiv:1908.06028 , 2019), of the bifurcation locus of a family of meromorphic functions with two asymptotic values, no critical values, and an attracting fixed point. If we fix the multiplier of the fixed point, either of the two asymptotic values determines a one-dimensional parameter slice for this family. We proved that the bifurcation locus divides this parameter slice into three regions, two of them analogous to the Mandelbrot set and one, the shift locus, analogous to the complement of the Mandelbrot set. In Fagella and Keen (Stable components in the parameter plane of meromorphic functions of finite type, arXiv:1702.06563 , 2017) and Chen and Keen (Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 39(10):5659–5681, 2019), it was proved that the points in the bifurcation locus corresponding to functions with a parabolic cycle, or those for which some iterate of one of the asymptotic values lands on a pole are accessible boundary points of the hyperbolic components of the Mandelbrot-like sets. Here, we prove these points, as well as the points where some iterate of the asymptotic value lands on a repelling periodic cycle are also accessible from the shift locus.
Architecture and Performance Studies of 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION for Reconfigurable All-to-All HPC Networks

While the Fat-Tree network topology represents the dominant state-of-art solution for large-scale HPC networks, its scalability in terms of power, latency, complexity, and cost is significantly challenged by the ever-increasing communication bandwidth among tens of thousands of heterogeneous computing nodes. We propose 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION, a flat hybrid electronic-photonic interconnect network that leverages the multichannel nature of modern multi-terabit switch ASICs (with 100 Gb/s granularity) and a reconfigurable all-to-all photonic fabric called Flex-LIONS. Compared to a Fat-Tree network interconnecting the same number of nodes and with the same oversubscription ratio, the proposed 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION offers a 20% smaller diameter, $3\times$ lower power consumption, $10 \times$ fewer cable connections, and $4 \times$ reduction in the number of transceivers. When bandwidth reconfiguration capabilities of Flex-LIONS are exploited for non-uniform traffic workloads, simulation results indicate that 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION can achieve up to $4 \times$ improvement in energy efficiency for synthetic traffic workloads with high locality compared to Fat-Tree.
Intracardiac Aspergilloma in a Post-Transplant Patient: A Multimodal Approach to Diagnosis.

Abstract Cardiac aspergillomas are rare and associated with high mortality. We present a case of right ventricular cardiac aspergilloma in an asymptomatic renal transplant recipient. Intracavitary ...
Perceptions of COVID Fears

Dear Dr. Harvey,The Journal of Loss and Trauma has published many articles that explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has shaped wellbeing. This letter to the editor reports on how two samples of stude...
Synchronized Spin Torque Nano-Oscillators: From Theory to Applications

Spintronics is a very promising emerging technology which has already enabled several market products–from hard disk read heads to dense memories. Recent research in spin torque nano-oscillators (STNO) has opened the possibility of using electron spin to generate sustained microwave oscillations. Furthermore, the experimental verification of synchronization of STNOs can allow communication and computation with nanoscale oscillators. In this work, we look at a promising novel circuit topology using a hybrid MOSFET/STNO array which can be used for diverse sets of applications ranging from neurocomputation to nano-scale RF applications. We first consider the physics and oscillatory theory which allows the STNOs to synchronize and communicate with each other. We next focus on the practical STNO device geometries which can be used to realize a physical parallel-connected array. We propose using a dual barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) to produce strong, harmonic oscillation signals in the absence on an external magnetic field. Finally, we use circuit level simulations of a hybrid MOSFET/STNO array to show how it can be used for different applications.
Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to predict wound complications in complex ventral hernia repair

Complex ventral hernia repair (VHR) is associated with a greater than 30 % wound complication rate. Perfusion mapping using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) has been demonstrated to predict skin and soft tissue necrosis in many reconstructive procedures; however, it has yet to be evaluated in VHR. Patients undergoing complex VHR involving component separation and/or extensive subcutaneous advancement flaps were included in a prospective, blinded study. Patients with active infection were excluded. ICG-FA was performed prior to incision and prior to closure, but the surgeon was not allowed to view it. An additional blinded surgeon documented wound complications and evaluated postoperative photographs. The operative ICG-FA was reviewed blinded, and investigators were then unblinded to determine its ability to predict wound complications. Fifteen consecutive patients were enrolled with mean age of 56.1 years and average BMI of 34.9, of which 60 % were female. Most (73.3 %) had prior hernia repairs (average of 1.8 prior repairs). Mean defect area was 210.4 cm2, mean OR time was 206 min, 66.6 % of patients underwent concomitant panniculectomy, and 40 % had component separation. Mean follow-up was 7 months. Two patients developed wound breakdown requiring reoperation, while 1 had significant fat necrosis and another a wound infection, requiring operative intervention. ICG-FA was objectively reviewed and predicted all 4 wound complications. Of the 12 patients without complications, 1 had an area of low perfusion on ICG-FA. This study found a sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 90.9 % for predicting wound complications using ICG-FA. In complex VHR patients, subcutaneous perfusion mapping with ICG-FA is very sensitive and has the potential to reduce cost and improve patient quality of life by reducing wound complications and reoperation.
The Ethics of Care and its Alterations

In this article I argue that in Toni Morrison’s Sula and A mercy, the ethics of care is altered as characters resort to unconventional actions to survive and care for loved ones in a racist and sexist society. I suggest that these changes have many different implications for the characters.
What Have You Done for Me Lateley? (Branches, Merges, and Change Logs)

This paper presents an algorithm for computing a change log for an element whose history includes merges. A change log is a list of comments corresponding to versions “between” two selected versions. For example, a user may want to know what changes were made to element foo.c, between the versions labeled Release1 and Release2.
Selecting Compression Ratio for Optimum Fuel Economy with Emission Constraints

An experimental program is described for selecting engine compression ratio to optimize vehicle fuel economy, with imposed emission constraints. A method was developed to relate quantiatively the results of single cylinder engine experiments to vehicle emission tests results. Engine and vehicle experiments were conducted to validate the method. This study concludes that compression ratio optimization is determined primarily by hydrocarbon emission restrictions. Projections for a 1975 400 CID engine in a 5000 pound vehicle demonstrate that the traditional relationship between fuel economy and compression ratio is reversed below CVS-CH HC levels in the range of 1.0-1.5 gm/mile. /GMRL/
Coverage for robotics – A survey of recent results

This paper surveys recent results in coverage path planning, a new path planning approach that determines a path for a robot to pass over all points in its free space. Unlike conventional point-to-point path planning, coverage path planning enables applications such as robotic de-mining, snow removal, lawn mowing, car-body painting, machine milling, etc. This paper will focus on coverage path planning algorithms for mobile robots constrained to operate in the plane. These algorithms can be classified as either heuristic or complete. It is our conjecture that most complete algorithms use an exact cellular decomposition, either explicitly or implicitly, to achieve coverage. Therefore, this paper organizes the coverage algorithms into four categories: heuristic, approximate, partial-approximate and exact cellular decompositions. The final section describes some provably complete multi-robot coverage algorithms.
Overlapping enhancer/promoter and transcriptional termination signals in the lentiviral long terminal repeat

Oncoretrovirus, but not lentivirus, displays a high transcriptional readthrough activity in the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) (Zaiss et al. J. Virol. 76, 7209–7219, 2002). However, the U3-deleted, self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral LTR also exhibits high transcriptional readthrough activity. Since the canonical "core" polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) of the lentivirus is located in the R-U5 region, the above finding suggests that additional RNA termination signals must be present in the U3 region. Insertion of alternative termination signals including panhuman T cell leukemia virus type I polyadenylation signal, a 3' end small intron, and a tertiary tRNA motif into the lentiviral SIN LTR did not restore the transcriptional termination function. Functional dissection of the U3 region revealed that 70–80% of the termination signals reside in the transcriptional control region within 124 nt overlapping NFκB, Sp1 and TATA binding sites. Serial deletion analysis of the transcriptional control region indicates that the lentiviral enhancer/promoter elements are essential to the RNA termination function. These results characterize the mechanism of lentiviral transcriptional readthrough, which addresses important fundamental and practical issue of RNA readthrough influencing lentiviral gene function and vector safety.
Star Formation at the Galactic Center

The role of star formation at the Galactic Center is examined in the light of previous observational data as well as in the light of new imaging data. These data support earlier suggestions that some mid-infrared sources must be internally heated. Large-scale mapping in the near-infrared has revealed a distinct stellar population in the Galactic Center region which is not an extension of the galactic bulge population.