cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart Strings and Purse Strings Carryover Effects of Emotions on Economic Decisions

We examined the impact of specific emotions on the endowment effect, the tendency for selling prices to exceed buying or ''choice'' prices for the same object. As predicted by appraisal-tendency theory, disgust induced by a prior, irrele- vant situation carried over to normatively unrelated economic decisions, reducing selling and choice prices and eliminating the endowment effect. Sadness also carried over, reducing selling prices but increasing choice prices—producing a ''reverse en- dowment effect'' in which choice prices exceeded selling prices. The results demonstrate that incidental emotions can influence decisions even when real money is at stake, and that emotions of the same valence can have opposing effects on such decisions. Two decades of research document the tendency for incidental emo- tion to color normatively unrelated judgments and decisions (for re- views, see Forgas, 1995; Loewenstein & Lerner, 2002; Schwarz,
Assessments for high dose radionuclide therapy treatment planning.

Advances in the biotechnology of cell-specific targeting of cancer, and the increased number of clinical trials involving treatment of cancer patients with radiolabeled antibodies, peptides, and similar delivery vehicles have led to an increase in the number of high-dose radionuclide therapy procedures. Optimized radionuclide therapy for cancer treatment is based on the concept of absorbed dose to the dose-limiting normal organ or tissue. The limiting normal tissue is often the red marrow, but it may sometimes be lungs, liver, intestinal tract, or kidneys. Appropriate treatment planning requires assessment of radiation dose to several internal organs and tissues, and usually involves biodistribution studies in the patient using a tracer amount of radionuclide bound to the targeting agent and imaged at sequential time points using a planar gamma camera. Time-activity curves are developed from the imaging data for the major organs tissues of concern, for the whole body, and sometimes for selected tumors. Patient-specific factors often require that dose estimates be customized for each patient. The Food and Drug Administration regulates the experimental use of investigational new drugs and requires reasonable calculation of radiation absorbed dose to the whole body and to critical organs using methods prescribed by the Medical Internal Radiationmore » Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Review of high-dose studies in the U.S. and elsewhere shows that 1) some studies are conducted with minimal dosimetry, 2) the marrow dose is difficult to establish and is subject to large uncertainties, and 3) despite the general availability of MIRD software, internal dosimetry methods are often inconsistent from one clinical center to another.« less
Double-Standards, Debt Treatment, and World Bank Country Classification: The case of Nigeria

Nigeria is currently classified by the World Bank as a ‘blend’ country, making it the poorest country in the world that does not have ‘IDA-only’ status. This paper uses the World Bank’s own IDA eligibility criteria to assess whether Nigeria has a case for reclassification. Given that the country has not borrowed from IBRD for the past eleven years, such a change would merely recognize what is already de facto the case. Based on our analysis, Nigeria clearly qualifies as IDA-only based on its low income level and lack of creditworthiness. Its record of policy performance appears to be the final barrier, but we show it is no worse on performance than three African comparator groups: the current IDA-only pool, previous reverse-graduates, and the IDA-only oil producers. We also question the logic of this criterion for IDAonly ‘eligibility’ (though not of course for actual allocation or disbursements). Certainly, Africa’s three previous reverse-graduates and Angola’s current IDA-only status suggest that Nigeria is facing a doublestandard. We thus conclude that Nigeria does have a strong case for reclassification. Nigeria has good reason to request such a change as it would allow it more equal consideration of its access to IDA grants (restricted to IDA-only countries) including for HIV/AIDS programs and its allocation of IDA loans. Reclassification would also strengthen the case for Nigeria receiving an immediate write-down of a large portion of its debt to bilateral donors (along the lines of concessional Naples terms for IDA-only countries), which we argue is critical to any hope that the current government’s economic and political reform efforts can be sustained. The creditors have good reason for supporting such a change as part of a broader strategy for encouraging progress in Africa’s most populous country, and one that is key to stabilizing a region where internal conflict and Islamic radicalism create threats to global security.
Non-malleable non-interactive zero knowledge and adaptive chosen-ciphertext security

We introduce the notion of non-malleable non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proof systems. We show how to transform any ordinary NIZK proof system into one that has strong non-malleability properties. We then show that the elegant encryption scheme of Naor and Yung (1990) can be made secure against the strongest form of chosen-ciphertext attack by using a non-malleable NIZK proof instead of a standard NIZK proof. Our encryption scheme is simple to describe and works in the standard cryptographic model under, general assumptions. The encryption scheme can be realized assuming the existence of trapdoor permutations.
Eimeria ahtanumensis n. sp. from the Northwestern Fence Lizard Sceloporus occidentalis in Central Washington

SYNOPSIS Eimeria ahtanumensis n. sp. is described from the northwestern fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis. The sporulated oocysts are generally cylindrical with rounded ends, averaging 34.2 by 19.7 μ. No oocyst residuum or micropyle is present. The ellipsoidal sporocysts average 10.5 by 8.8 μ; each has a distinct sporocyst residuum composed of spherical granules located against the sides of the sporocysts. The elongate sporozoites, lying head to tail in the sporocyst, average 16.5 by 2.5 μ when excysted. Endogenous development occurs in the epithelial lining of the gall bladder and bile duct. E. ahtanumensis is compared to other similar lizard coccidia.
Cominco American well: Implications for the reconstruction of the Sevier orogen and basin and range extension in west-central Utah

Re-evaluation of acoustic, gamma ray and dip meter logs from the Cominco American Federal No. 2 well in the Sevier Desert basin of west-central Utah sheds new light on the interpretation of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian stratigraphy and Mesozoic structure in a region that has been influential in the development of ideas about crustal shortening and extension. The most prominent of several major thrust faults (the Canyon Range and Pavant thrusts) have been interpreted by DeCelles and Coogan (2006) (Regional structure and kinematic history of the Sevier fold-and- thrust belt, central Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, n. 7-8, p. 841-864, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25759.1) as having been cut and in part re- activated between late Oligocene and Holocene time by as much as 47 km of displacement on the gently west-dipping Sevier Desert detachment. This interpreta- tion, which is based upon a combination of outcrop, seismic reflection and well data, depends critically on the Canyon Range thrust intersecting the Cominco well at a depth of 2,551 to 2,557 m (8,370-8,389 ft.), and terminating downwards against a re-activated Pavant thrust. Our work suggests that the fault at 2,551 m (8,370 ft.) is a strand of the Pavant thrust, and that the Canyon Range thrust cuts the well at a depth of 1,222 m (4,010 ft.). This alternative interpretation depends in turn on identification of the section between the two faults as terminal Neoproterozoic to middle Cambrian Prospect Mountain Quartzite through Chisholm Formation rather than Neoproterozoic "Pocatello Forma- tion," "Blackrock Canyon Limestone" and lower Caddy Canyon Quartzite. To support this interpretation we present evidence for stratigraphic repetition and for deforma- tion at the 1,222 m (4,010 ft.) level. Use of the lithostratigraphic terms "Pocatello" and "Blackrock Canyon" in west-central Utah is shown to be inappropriate, and among the reasons that the critical interval in the Cominco well has been misinterpreted by some authors. If the Canyon Range and Pavant thrusts are both found in the Cominco well, as we suggest, then they cannot be used as a piercing point for the estimation of displacement on the Sevier Desert detachment or as justification for the existence of the detachment. Published estimates of extension across the Sevier Desert basin therefore need to be reduced, potentially to as little as!10 km.
Experimental Light Treatments Affect Invasion Success and the Impact of Microstegium vimineum on the Resident Community

Abstract In forests of the eastern United States, exotic plant invasions can reduce native plant diversity and change ecosystem processes. Many invasive plants colonize forest edge habitat, but little is known about the ability of the exotic annual grass Microstegium vimineum to invade edges compared to interior forest. In particular, the extent of invasion and impact on resident plants might change along the environmental gradient from edge to interior sites. A common garden study was used to test how Microstegium invasion affected six forest understory graminoid species across three experimental light treatments. Contamination of the Microstegium seed stock with seed of the dominant native perennial grass Dichanthelium clandestinum provided the opportunity to study the interaction between the two species across the light treatments. The light treatments shifted the competitive balance between Microstegium and Dichanthelium, with Dichanthelium dominating in full sun, Microstegium dominating in full shade...
Developing a Combined Armament Tester proof of concept and lessons learned

The Combined Armament Tester was designed for the A-10 to replace eight (8) existing armament testers. The primary goals of the design are field ruggedness coupled with a middle layer of software to enable test program set reuse with changes in the hardware. The unique middleware coupled with a streamlined development process enabled requirements to successful field demonstration in 10 months. The modular middleware permits substitution of underlying hardware while minimizing impacts to existing TPSs. Simplified middleware calls results in easier to read, debug, and review TPS source. An integrated self test feature identifies faults to the signal level and can permit degraded operation. This paper describes the design techniques used to achieve these goals while maintaining a design to cost. Lessons learned during development and ground tests are presented.
Pretibial Myxedema (Thyroid Dermopathy)

Pretibial myxedema (thyroid dermopathy) is the sine qua non of the dermatologic manifestations of thyroid disease. Although any medical student can reflexively state that pretibial myxedema is a hallmark of Graves disease, how many clinicians realize that the term is a misnomer? That thyroid dermopathy is not necessarily limited to the pretibial region and is not exclusively seen in patients with Graves disease are just two facts frequently misconceived about this condition. The reality is that much has been learned about the immunologic pathogenesis of thyroid der- mopathy, a condition that results from the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate in the dermis. A precise understanding of its pathogenesis, however, remains to be determined. This chapter surveys the clinical, biological, and therapeutic landscape of thyroid dermopathy. By understanding its natural history, eliminating or reducing predisposing factors such as smoking and obesity, appreciating the complexities of the immunologic aberrations leading to mucin deposition, and having a logical approach to therapy, clinicians should be able to at least ameliorate this chronic, occasionally severe, recalcitrant disorder.
Reconciling Cost-Benefit Analysis with the Principle that Safety Matters More than Money

Some environmental, health and safety laws emphasize safety over cost considerations by invoking the principle that safety matters more than money. Others rely on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) that equates safety and money. Despite their apparent inconsistency, the two regulatory approaches can be reconciled. The safety principle most plausibly stands for a distributive claim that in the context of nonconsensual risky interactions among strangers, the safety interests of potential victims deserve greater weight than the ordinary economic interests of potential injurers. To determine whether the safety principle is inconsistent with CBA, cost-benefit outcomes must be evaluated in light of the safety principle. The tort system, with its confluence of risk regulation and injury compensation, provides a good institutional setting for such an analysis. Evaluating cost-benefit tort rules in this light reveals that potential victims are inadequately compensated for certain types of nonconsensual risks threatening death, an inequity that can be quantified with cost-benefit methodology. The inequity is defensibly remedied by altering the duty of care to give safety interests greater weight than economic interests, the weighting sanctioned by the safety principle. The more exacting safety requirement reduces risk below cost-benefit levels. The added risk reduction is a form of compensation for potential victims that eliminates a windfall potential injurers would otherwise receive from cost-benefit legal rules. As compared to conventional cost-benefit outcomes, modified CBA yields welfare levels for potential injurers and victims that more closely approximate the welfare levels they would attain under conditions of actual consent or ideal redistributive institutions. Redressing the distributive inequity characteristic of some cost-benefit outcomes therefore produces a well-defined decision rule that modifies CBA in a manner that corresponds to the safety principle. Modified CBA satisfies the requirements of modern welfare economics and can accommodate a wide range of normative concerns. The approach also closely conforms to important tort practices, suggesting that it implements a version of the safety principle closely corresponding to the version adopted by the tort system. The value of modified CBA is illustrated by the structure it gives to the precautionary principle, a vague regulatory norm based on the safety principle that has become increasingly important and controversial in international law. The rationale for modified CBA shows how cost-benefit methodology can operationalize the version of the precautionary principle adopted by the Commission of the European Communities.
Predictions for hadronic transitions in the bb¯ system

Within the framework of the multipole expansion of quantum chromodynamics, we propose a model to compute the rates of hadronic transitions in the b b ¯ system and heavier QQ states. Rates and estimated branching ratios of various transitions are given. The predicted result for ϒ′;→ϒπ π agrees with recent measurements. We discuss the spin-flip π π transitions ϒ″→1 1 P 1π π and 2 3 P J →1 1 S 0 π π which can be used to reach the spin-singlet states 1 1 P 1 and 1 1 S 0 .
Institutional Legitimacy and Attributions of Responsibility

This is a research design paper. This research examines the extent that public evaluations toward American political institutions are a function of similar or divergent factors. Ramirez (2013b) shows that institutional approval of Congress decreases when it fails to meets its function of passing policies (Ramirez 2009). Rather than evaluating political actors based on a single criteria (i.e., the economy), citizen should perceive different roles or functions for each institution and make evaluations according to outcomes related to those functions. The specific attributes that citizens use in making evaluations should derive from the structure of government -- specifically the separation of powers -- which creates both shared and independent responsibilities for American political institutions. It is this characteristic of the U.S. political system that leads to both shared and idiosyncratic factors that drive public support. The theory is tested using an array of experimental, time-series, and cross-sectional models.
ACCIDENTAL FIREARM FATALITIES IN A METROPOLITAN COUNTY (1958–1973)

A study of accidental firearm fatalities in Cuyahoga Count, Ohio, (Metropolitan Cleveland) from 1958-1973, inclusive, has shown a threefold increase in the rate of such deaths since1967. They are more frequent in the central city than in the suburbs, show a male preponderance, are more common in nonwhites, have a peak prevalence in the 25-34-year age range and usually happen in the home. Approximately half of the adult victims had been drinking alcoholic beverages when shot. It is hypothesized that the frequency of accidental firearm fatalities is primarily related to the number of guns, particulary handguns, in civilian possession. The data indicate that a loaded firearm in the home is more likely to cause an accidental death than to be used as a lethal weapon against and intruder.
Multimorbidity Combinations and Disability in Older Adults

Background Multimorbidity (multiple co-occurring chronic diseases) is associated with greater likelihood of disability and mortality, above and beyond the risk attributable to individual diseases. This study identifies prevalent multimorbidity patterns and evaluates their association with disability among U.S. older adults. Methods Prospective cohort study using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data (2010-2012). We included 8,782 participants aged 65 years and older and used negative binomial models to examine prospective disability, measured by the combined activities of daily living-instrumental activities of daily living index. Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurring combination of at least two of the following chronic diseases: hypertension, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, stroke, cognitive impairment, or high depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 4). Results We found 291 unique disease combinations with 1 to 1,167 older adults per disease combination. The three most prevalent combinations were: (a) hypertension and arthritis (n = 1,167); (b) hypertension, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease (n = 510); and (c) hypertension, arthritis, and diabetes (n = 430). Only one of the prevalent combinations included depressive symptoms (in combination with arthritis, hypertension; n = 129). This group showed the highest level of activities of daily living-instrumental activities of daily living disability compared to healthy participants or participants with a single disease (either included in the combination or different from diseases in the combination) even after adjusting for age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, and body mass index. Conclusions Clinicians stand to gain from a better understanding of which disease combinations are more and less disabling among older adults. Understanding how multimorbidity combinations relate to functional status is an important step towards reducing disability and sustaining independent living among older adults.
Understanding Campus Energy Consumption -- People, Buildings and Technology

Colleges and universities in the U. S. spend anaverage of $1.10 per square foot (ft2) on electricity and 18&#x023C/ft2 onnatural gas annually. In a typical college or university classroombuilding, lighting represents 31 percent and space heatingaccounts for 28 percent of total energy use, making those systemsthe best targets for energy savings [1]. This study utilizes fiveyears of data enlisting a campus as a test bed to understand theinteractions of people, buildings and technology on energyconsumption and to explore how to reduce peak energy use toreduce costs and benefit the community. The University of Texasat San Antonio (UTSA) has 150 buildings on 850 acres at themain campus and 4 buildings on 18.4 acres at its downtowncampus. Five years of energy consumption data has beenanalyzed using 15-minute interval data accessible from 1 mainmeter and 2 sub-meters, as well as building information andweather data from a weather station immediately adjacent to thedowntown campus. The baseline analyses shows that themaximum campus energy demand occurs on weekdays duringthe day, followed by no-class holidays and weekends. Thedemand is minimum during UTSA holidays when there are fewerstaff and faculty/students present on campus. The study showedthere was a linear correlation between temperature and energyconsumption for the downtown campus, however for theDurango building where the solar panels have been installed, thiscorrelation was negative. Solar panels that have been deployedon the Durango building to help minimize the load during theday, when the electricity consumption is highest. The annualpeak consumption occurs during summer, which is expected dueto the south Texas climate. The energy utilization intensity (EUI) data for the downtown campus shows that UTSA has continuallylowered the EUI since 2010, although the EUIs remain higherthan ASHRAE standard requirements.
The technology of low voltage power line carrier and its implementation in automated meter reading system

In this paper,several kinds of typical technology of low voltage power line carrier are discussed.Technical analysis of PLC-AMR is brought out including the method of carrier wave modulation,the performance of signal transmission and the effect of application.With comparison and analysis,the trend of PLC-AMR development is summarized.
Apoptosis in cardiac disease - What is it - How does it occur

This review will present a summary of a description of apoptotic pathways in the heart, followed by ways to measure it and the experimental and clinical evidence for the role of apoptosis in cardiac disease. An evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacological and other therapeutic interventions in the prevention of apoptosis in the context of cardiac disease will also be presented.
Fatigue Analysis of Rail-Head-to-Web Fillet at Bolted Rail Joint Under Various Impact Wheel Load Factors and Support Configurations

As one of the weakest locations in the track superstructure, the rail joint encounters different types of defects and failures, including rail bolt-hole cracking, rail head-web cracking or separation, broken or missing bolts, and joint bar cracking. The defects and failures are mainly initiated by the discontinuities of both geometric and mechanical properties due to the rail joint, and the high impact loads induced by the discontinuities. Continuous welded rail (CWR) overcomes most disadvantages of the rail joints. However, a large number of rail joints still exist in North American Railroads for a variety of reasons, and bolted joints are especially prevalent in early-built rail transit systems. Cracks are often found to initiate in the area of the first bolt-hole and rail-head-to-web fillet (upper fillet) at the rail end among bolted rail joints, which might cause further defects, such as rail breaks or loss of rail running surface. Previous research conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has established an elastic static Finite Element (FE) model to study the stress distribution of the bolted rail joint with particular emphasis on rail end bolt-hole and upper fillet areas. Based on the stress calculated from the FE models, this paper focuses on the fatigue performance of upper fillet under different impact wheel load factors and crosstie support configurations. Preliminary results show that the estimated fatigue life of rail end upper fillet decreases as impact factor increases, and that a supported joint performs better than a suspended joint on upper fillet fatigue life.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Strained Dating Relationships, A Sense of Mattering and Emerging Adults’ Depressive Symptoms

Dating relationships become increasingly important as individuals transition into young adulthood. Such relationships often involve positive and negative interactions, which may have implications for psychological well-being. We analyzed data from the fourth interview of the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), when respondents were ages 18- 24, to assess the influence of relationship dynamics on depressive symptoms. Using ordinary least squares regression models, among individuals currently dating (n=422), we first examined the influence of a sense of mattering as well as strained dynamics of dating relationships (e.g., communication awkwardness, conflict, sexual non-exclusivity and influence attempts) as correlates of depressive symptoms. Next, we tested whether these correlates differed for male and female daters. We found that a sense of mattering, communication awkwardness, conflict, sexual non-exclusivity and influence attempts were significant correlates of depressive symptoms. However, gender interactions were not significant suggesting that these same correlates were associated with depressive symptoms in a similar manner for both men and women in dating relationships. We also found that a sense of mattering mediated the relationship between conflict and depressive symptoms, and partially mediated the relationship between communication awkwardness, partner sexually non-exclusivity and partner influence dynamics and depressive symptoms. This suggested that feeling that one matters is important in dating relationships and may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
Flight feather attachment in rock pigeons (Columba livia): covert feathers and smooth muscle coordinate a morphing wing.

Mechanisms for passively coordinating forelimb movements and flight feather abduction and adduction have been described separately from both in vivo and ex vivo studies. Skeletal coordination has been identified as a way for birds to simplify the neuromotor task of controlling flight stroke, but an understanding of the relationship between skeletal coordination and the coordination of the aerodynamic control surface (the flight feathers) has been slow to materialize. This break between the biomechanical and aerodynamic approaches - between skeletal kinematics and airfoil shape - has hindered the study of dynamic flight behaviors. Here I use dissection and histology to identify previously overlooked interconnections between musculoskeletal elements and flight feathers. Many of these structures are well-placed to directly link elements of the passive musculoskeletal coordination system with flight feather movements. Small bundles of smooth muscle form prominent connections between upper forearm coverts (deck feathers) and the ulna, as well as the majority of interconnections between major flight feathers of the hand. Abundant smooth muscle may play a role in efficient maintenance of folded wing posture, and may also provide an autonomically regulated means of tuning wing shape and aeroelastic behavior in flight. The pattern of muscular and ligamentous linkages of flight feathers to underlying muscle and bone may provide predictable passive guidance for the shape of the airfoil during flight stroke. The structures described here provide an anatomical touchstone for in vivo experimental tests of wing surface coordination in an extensively researched avian model species.
Brief Report: Young Adult Women Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts

Little is known about the social cognitive development of young adults. Furthermore, existing studies of young adults tend to rely on college-age participants. A study of social cognition during interpersonal conflict was conducted with 100 young adult women (mean age = 25 years). The relationship of contextual variables to conflict-resolution strategy was examined. Strategy coding was done according to Selman's (1980) four-level model of interpersonal negotiation strategies. Of the features of context studied, the nature of the relationship between the participant and the other person (work-based, personal, or impersonal) was related to strategy use. Most strategies used (46%) were low-level unilateral strategies, e.g., giving in to the demands of the other person. Most participants reported conflicts at work. These data, taken with other research on young adults' perceived lack of ability at handling conflicts at work, suggest that constructive conflict management programs may be important for young adult women in the school-to-work transition.
Crystallographic texture in an additively manufactured nickel-base superalloy

Abstract Laser-based directed energy deposition was used to additively manufacture a wall out of pre-alloyed powder of a nickel-base superalloy−Inconel 625. The crystallographic texture of the wall has been characterized using neutron diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. The measured pole figures show a strong Goss texture component ({011} ) plus a comparatively much weaker cube component ({001} ), both indicating that the -direction of the majority of grains lies along the laser-scanning direction (or the length direction). The origin of the Goss texture is hypothesized to be a result of the preferential -oriented dendritic solidification driven by the laser-induced heat flow, which is affected by the combined effect of laser power, absorption of powder, and laser scanning speed. The texture-induced mechanical softening is also presented. This study aids in understanding the processing-structure-property relationship in additive manufacturing.
Model for the Plastic Region in Slender RC Columns with Nonlinear Moment and Stiffness Profiles

AbstractThis paper presents a nonlinear inelastic solution for the length of the critical plastic region in the case of nonlinear moment profiles along RC bridge columns. A new analytical expressio...
Anticonvulsant activity of Apium graveolens in male mice

Seizures are finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons. Aim of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of Apium graveolens.Mice (28) were divided into 4 groups,one and two receivedtwo doses of Apium graveolens (A.g.) for 10 days,at day eleven convulsions were induced by lidocaine,three and four were injected with D.W. (and diazepam (DIZ) respectively 30 minutes before lidocaine.No significant differences were found in convulsion onset between all groups.15 g/kgA.g. not significantly delayed onset of convulsion. Duration of convulsion was high significantly increased (p<0.01) in D.W. group,whereas it was non significantly reduced in 15 g/kgA.g. compared to DIZ,while it was high significantly decreased (p<0.01) in A.g. 15 g/kg compared to 7.5 g/kg.Ataxia didn’t occurred in 7.5 g/kgA.g. and D.W. groups. The 15 g/kg A.g. significantly (p<0.05) delayed onset of ataxia in comparison to DIZ.Onset of drowsiness was significantly (p<0.05) delayed in 15 g/kgA.g. compared to D.W.,while it was non significantly delayed in15 g/kgA.g. compared to 7.5 g/kgand DIZ groups.In conclusionA.g. has anticonvulsant activity.
A domain-independent production-rule system for consultation programs

EMYCIN IS a programming system for writing knowledge-based consultation programs with a production-rule representation of knowledge. The major components of the system, including an explanation program and knowledge acquisition routines, are briefly described. EMYCIN has been used to build consultation systems m several areas of medicine, as well as an engineering domain. These experiences lead to some general conclusions regarding the potential applicability of EMYCIN to new domains.
A Cognitive Framework for Neuropsychological Assessment

Over the past decade, the emphasis of clinical neuropsychological assessment has shifted from lesion detection and localization to delineation of a patient’s cognitive strengths and deficits (Hartman, 1991; Leonberger, 1989; Mapou, 1988b), in order to understand a patient’s neurobehavioral competencies. Because of this increased focus on the patterns of cognitive dysfunction associated with brain disorder, it has become increasingly important to base neuropsychological assessment on empirical knowledge of human cognition. Yet, research on cognition is not always applied to clinical assessment. The frequently nonconverging paths of cognitive and clinical neuropsychology, as related to the current state of the field, have recently been described by Butters (1993): [The] rapid growth of interest in neuropsychological issues... has also led to the emergence of two factions or subdivisions of the discipline, that is, clinical and cognitive neuropsychology. Those who compose the cognitive camp often have their origins in experimental psychology or behavioral neuroscience and utilize brain-damaged patients for uncovering the anatomical and cognitive processes underlying normal language, attentionâl, visuoperceptual, executive, and memory functions. In contrast, those who view themselves as clinical psychologists emanate primarily from Boulder-model clincal psychology programs and tend to focus their neuropsychological research on various assessment issues. Unfortunately, cognitive neuropsychologists frequently ignore the importance of their work for the identification and rehabilitation of neurologic disorders; likewise, clinical neuropsychologists dedicated to their fixed or flexible test batteries have generally eschewed the implications of their work for our understanding of normal cognition. (Butters, 1993, p. 3)
Improving the operating budget process at Abbott Northwestern Hospital.

UNLABELLED To set an example for the organization, the senior management team at Abbott Northwestern Hospital used quality tools and techniques to improve a highly visible, problematic system--the operating budget process. Team members narrowed the root cause to a faulty, nonintegrated assumption process and identified additional problems, such as inadequate communication, unclear accountabilities, and lengthy timetables. Then, the team streamlined the budget process from a 6-month to a 10-week cycle, which aligned the process with one of the organization's shared quality goals--reducing cycle time. RESULTS Cycle time was reduced by 60 percent, from an average of 6 months to 10 weeks. Budget accuracy, which is measured by how close initial budget submissions come to targeted net income projections, improved by $12 million or 500 percent. The amount of rework, which is measured by the number of budget revisions made prior to Board approval, dropped from eight revisions to four. Overall satisfaction and familiarity with the budget process increased by 40 percent among managers and supervisors.
Insomnia in Teens

This chapter explores the causes for insomnia in teens: delayed sleep phase syndrome, insomnia as a symptom of psychiatric disorders, and insomnia as a symptom of substance abuse. Other forms of insomnia occur in the adolescent population. These include psychophysiologic insomnia, neuro-endocrine/hormonal influences on sleep patterns, which pertain to women’s health, restless legs syndrome, insomnia after traumatic brain injury, medical conditions including hyperthyroidism, and genetic disorders.
A LIAPUNOV INEQUALITY FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a Liapunov inequality for nonlinear systems. It presents certain nonlinear and linear differential equations. The negation of inequality provides a disconjugacy criterion for the differential equation. The inequality also provides a lower bound for the eigenvalues of a differential equation. It can also be used to determine the stability of Hill's equation. The chapter presents the generalization of Liapunov's inequality in two directons and also presents an extension of Liapunov's stability criterion.
Nanostructured Soft Magnetic Materials

Reduction of the grain size to less than 20 nm has provided major advances in soft magnetic materials performance, including reduced core losses and coercivities. These promising results have stimulated research efforts, worldwide, in the areas of nanocrystalline alloy design, alloy processing, materials performance evaluation, and transition to various applications. This chapter presents recent advances in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy processing methods, phase transformations, microstructure evaluation, magnetic property measurement and analysis, and applications.
Where Do the Hijab and the Kippah Belong? On Being Publicly Jewish or Muslim in Post-Hebdo France

To date, scholars have rarely talked about contemporary antisemitism and Islamophobia in France as part of a single story. When they have, it has typically been as part of a framework for analyzing racism that is essentially competitive: some depict Islamophobia as less a real problem than a frequent excuse to ignore antisemitism; others minimize antisemitism as an unfortunate but marginal phenomenon by comparison with the pervasive nature of anti-Muslim racism in French society. This article argues that the two are inseparable, and it focuses on a hitherto overlooked set of connections: in the era since the attacks on Charlie Hebdo and Hyper Cacher in January 2015, at key flash points that question Muslim belonging in France, the position of Jews has repeatedly been invoked in ambiguous, contradictory ways. Participants in these public debates have sometimes forcefully maintained that Jews are unlike Muslims, since they have long been fully integrated French citizens. At other moments, these discussions have raised the specter of Jewish ethnic and religious difference. By emphasizing Jewish particularity, such debates evoke, perforce, the past twenty-five years of controversies about the allegedly problematic attire, food, and beliefs of France’s Muslims. The article focuses on several key moments, from the speech of Prime Minister Manuel Valls before the French parliament in the wake of the Charlie Hebdo and Hyper Cacher attacks, to the kippah and burkini affairs of 2016, to the provocative comments of candidates in the 2017 presidential elections concerning Muslim and Jewish religious and ethnic markers of difference.
Promising Justice: Contract (As) Social Responsibility

Contracts in a variety of contexts — from multinational supply chain agreements to movie-production deals — increasingly include promises on such “social responsibility” matters as human trafficking, environmental sustainability, and socio-demographic diversity. These terms literally promise justice. Can they deliver? This paper makes three claims about the use of contract to achieve social responsibility (which I abbreviate “KSR”). First, KSR can be seen as a response to “vertical deconstruction,” the erosion of intra-firm and social orders that historically generated and transmitted non-commercial social norms. Second, as such, KSR terms will be legally un(der)-enforceable: Like better-studied relational contracts, KSR will blend enforceable and unenforceable terms to achieve governance, risk-sharing, and educative goals. Third, although KSR may be more effective than more popular mechanisms, in particular **corporate** social responsibility, KSR is not a panacea, and presents risks of cooptation and fragmentation often associated with soft-law regimes.
Efficient approach to superior vena cava baffle stenosis following the Mustard procedure: Expanding the role of a mechanical rotating dilator sheath for lead extraction.

Introduction In adult congenital patients with transposition of the great arteries originally treated with the Mustard (atrial switch) procedure, the most common reason for re-intervention is baffle stenosis. This may be exacerbated by permanent transvenous pacemaker lead placement across the baffle. Case report A 47-year-old female status post Mustard procedure performed at 15 months old presented with a high-grade stenosis of the superior vena cava (SVC) baffle from the SVC to the left atrium, with a nonfunctional permanent pacemaker lead passing through the baffle. A mechanical rotating dilator sheath was used for attempted lead extraction, relieving the baffle stenosis almost completely as a secondary effect, before the placement of a 10 × 27 mm Visipro balloon-expandable stent in the SVC baffle. Conclusions Use of the mechanical rotating dilator sheath is an evolving treatment strategy in adult congenital heart disease to minimize the risk of bleeding, trauma to surrounding structures, and death. Its ability to fully alleviate baffle stenosis even when full lead extraction is not feasible or is associated with significant procedural risk, further demonstrates its expanded role in this patient population. A multidisciplinary approach and great diligence must be employed to avoid potential complications.
Translating Kōl: When “All” Does Not Mean “All”:

Hebrew kōl means “every,” “the whole,” “all.” However, a literal translation does not always make sense. I investigated cases where kōl does not express totality in the sense of “one hundred percen...
Intricate regulation of ribosome biogenesis genes in response to mTORC1 signaling

Summary Genes encoding ribosomal proteins are repressed in response to inhibition of mTORC1. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this involves dissociation of the activator Ifh1p in a process that depends on Utp22p, a protein that also functions in pre-rRNA processing. Ifh1p has a paralog, Crf1p, which can mediate mTORC1 inhibition by acting as a repressor. Ifh1p and Crf1p derive from a common ancestor, which may have acted as both an activator and a repressor. We report here that UTP22 and RRP7, which encodes another pre-rRNA processing factor, are controlled by mTORC1; both gene promoters are bound by Ifh1p, which dissociates on mTORC1 inhibition. Notably, Crf1p acts as an activator as evidenced by reduced expression in a crf1Δ strain. By contrast, Crf1p is required to repress expression of HMO1, which encodes a cofactor involved in communicating mTORC1 activity to target genes. Our data therefore indicate that Crf1p exhibits the dual repressor/activator functions of the Ifh1p-Crf1p ancestor.
Cost sharing for breast cancer hormone therapy: How do dual eligible patients' copayment impact adherence

Objective To examine the different levels of copayment assistance and treatment adherence among Medicare and Medicaid dual eligible beneficiaries with breast cancer in the U.S. Research design Propensity Score methodology was adopted to minimize potential selection bias from the nonrandom allocation of the treatment group (i.e., full Medicaid beneficiaries) and control group (i.e., Medicare Savings Programs [MSPs] beneficiaries). Longitudinal hierarchical model and Cox proportional-hazard model were adopted to examine patients' adherence over their full five-year course of adjuvant hormone therapy. Results Our study cohort consisted of 1,133 dual eligible beneficiaries diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive early stage breast cancer in years 2007 -mid 2009. About 80.5% of them received MSPs benefits, while the rest received full Medicaid benefits. On average for a standardized 30-day hormone therapy medication, full Medicaid beneficiaries spent $0.5-$2.0 and MSP beneficiaries spent $1.4-$4.8 in copayment. After adjusting for other factors, this copayment reduction wasn't associated with a significantly better adherence. However, when the catastrophic coverage threshold was reached (copayments reduced to zero), significant improvement in adherence was found in both groups. Conclusions Our study found that small amount of cost-sharing reduction did not affect Medicare and Medicaid dual eligible patients' medication treatment adherence, however, the elimination of cost-sharing (even a minimal amount) was associated with improved adherence. Future legislative and advocacy efforts should be paid on eliminating cost sharing for dual eligibles, and possibly even a broader group of financially vulnerable patients.
Calidad cualitativa: ocho pilares para una investigación cualitativa de calidad

Este articulo presenta un modelo de calidad en la investigacion cualitativa que es excepcionalmente amplio, aunque flexible, ya que distingue entre los medios (metodos y practicas) y los fines de la investigacion cualitativa. El articulo ofrece en primer lugar una contextualizacion y una justificacion de la conceptualizacion. Luego, la autora presenta y explora ocho aspectos clave de calidad en la investigacion cualitativa. incluyendo (a) tema valioso, (b) rigor elevado, (c) sinceridad, (d) credibilidad, (e) resonancia, (f) contribucion significativa, (g) etica y (h) coherencia significativa. Esta conceptualizacion de ocho puntos ofrece un modelo pedagogico util y proporciona un lenguaje comun de buenas practicas cualitativas que pueden ser reconocidas como integrales por una variedad de audiencias. Mientras defiende estos marcadores de calidad, el articulo deja espacio para el dialogo, la imaginacion, el crecimiento y la improvisacion.
Harry S. Truman: The Coming of the Cold War

1. The Man from Missouri Takes Charge in Washington 2. Ending the "Good War " 3. A New Direction in Foreign Policy: The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and Israel 4. From New Deal to Fair Deal 5. Trouble at Home: The Miracle of '48 and Fair Deal Failure 6. Containing Communism at Home and Abroad: Korea and McCarthyism 7. Independence Revisited: Truman's Post-White House Years. Documents.
Infections Caused by Actinomyces viscosus

Two cases of Actinomyces viscosus infection of the lungs were seen in nonimmunosuppressed patients. One patient had a peripheral actinomycotic lung mass resembling a tumor. Both patients responded to a long course of penicillin therapy. Reports of A. viscosus infections are rare, although the organism colonizes the mouths of most adult humans. Only ten cases have previously been described. There is no characteristic of A. viscosus infection that can distinguish it from Actinomyces israelii or Actinomyces bovis infections. The illness usually manifests as a chronic disease weeks to months before the diagnosis, which can only be made by identification of the organism from a clinical specimen uncontaminated by sputum or mouth flora. Ignorance of the biochemical reactions and growth characteristics of this organism have in the past hindered its isolation and identification. At least three weeks of antibiotic therapy using agents to which A. viscosus is sensitive in vitro are required for cure.
The Seven C’s of Analysis

The current chapter explains key concepts of mathematical analysis summarized by the six adjectives convergent, complete, closed, compact, continuous, and connected. A later chapter will add to these six c’s the seventh c, convex. At first blush these concepts seem remote from practical problems of optimization. However, painful experience and exotic counterexamples have taught mathematicians to pay attention to details. Fortunately, we can benefit from the struggles of earlier generations and bypass many of the intellectual traps.
Weakly normal varieties: the multicross singularity and some vanishing theorems on local cohomology

The foundations for this paper were developed in [5], “Seminormal rings and weakly normal varieties”, where the historical framework and fundamental properties of weakly normal varieties were presented in detail. Here we devote our attention to the study of the multicross singularity and the role of local cohomology in the theory of weakly normal varieties.