cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-informant agreement on personality ratings and self-awareness after head injury.

To address concerns about self-awareness deficits and the validity of self-ratings by patients with head injury (HI), the current study examines mean differences and correlations between self-ratings from 52 patients with HI and ratings of the patient by informants using the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Patient self-ratings were significantly lower than informant ratings on neuroticism and extraversion and significantly higher on conscientiousness. Patient-informant correlations ranged from .42 for conscientiousness to .67 for agreeableness, and these agreement correlations compare favorably with those obtained from normal adult samples. Hierarchical multiple regression equations for each of the five NEO-PI-R trait domains showed that more severe injuries were associated with higher agreement for extraversion. For all five traits, the strongest predictors of informant personality ratings were the patients' self-ratings. The implications of these findings for clinical assessment and improv...
Depressive effect of silica particles on F1 hybrid anti-parent cell-mediated lympholysis induced in vitro

Abstract The role of macrophage-like cells in the in vitro generation of specific B6D2F 1 hybrid anti-parental B6 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated by means of silica particles (SIL). Depression of this cell-mediated response resulted from the addition of 12.5 or 25 μg of SIL to mixed F 1 /parent spleen cell cultuers, and full abrogation resulted from the addition of 125 or 250 μg of SIL. The treatment was effective if applied during the first 48 hr of culture. When treatment was delayed, responsiveness did not decline nor did the lytic function of mature CTL exposed to SIL. Moreover, no depression of the anti-allogeneic cell mediated response resulted from the addition of 250 or 500 μg of SIL to mixed F 1 /allogeneic instead of F 1 /parent spleen cell cultures. Abrogation of the F 1 hybrid anti-parent response was attributed to SIL-induced impairment of an accessory function presumably exerted by macrophage-like cells during the early phases of responder T cell activation. If so, the F 1 anti-parent response was considerably more dependent than the allogeneic response on the integrity of accessory cells. Injection of 5 mg of SIL to donors of responder cells likewise resulted in loss of F 1 anti-parent and occasionally of anti-allogeneic in vitro responsiveness. This in vivo effect of SIL was prevented by pretreating mice with the lysosomal stabilizer poly-2-vinylpyridine N -oxide. Because unresponsiveness induced in vivo was not selective for F 1 anti-parent responses and lasted for up to 10 days, it may be attributable not only to depletion of accessory macrophages by SIL but also to the induction of suppressor macrophages.
Perceptions of environmental change in Moorea, French Polynesia: the importance of temporal, spatial, and scalar contexts

Pacific Islands are considered among the most vulnerable geographies and societies to the effects of climate change and variability (CCV). This study addresses the mismatch between global climate change narratives and local perceptions of environmental change in Moorea, French Polynesia. This study builds on CCV risk perception and adaptation research by analyzing how temporal and historical socio-economic, cultural, political, and ecological contexts shape local perceptions of environmental change among a sample of environmental stakeholders in Moorea. The data were collected prior to the widespread global narrative and social amplification of climate change risk and its particular impact on islands. As such, they offer an important portrait of environmental perceptions in French Polynesia prior to the influence of a circumscribed climate change narrative, which has since come to shape government and NGO responses to environmental change in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories. The data presented in this paper illustrate that perceptions of drivers and effects of environmental change and risk in Moorea are embedded in larger social processes of political economy and ecology, particularly related to contemporary environmental politics, contextualized within the histories of colonialism and tourism-led economic development. Integrating the complexity of local environmental risk perceptions into CCV policy will help to avoid maladaptation, social movements against CCV planning, and may help maximize government and donor investments.
Why Avoid the Hippocampus? A Comprehensive Review

In this review article, we provide a detailed and comprehensive discussion of the rationale for using modern IMRT techniques to spare the subgranular zone of the hippocampus during cranial irradiation. We review the literature on neurocognitive effects of cranial irradiation; discuss clinical and preclinical data associating damage to neural progrenitor cells located in subgranular zone of the hippocampus with radiation-induced neurocognitive decline, specifically in terms of short-term memory formation and recall; and present a review of our pilot investigations into the feasibility and risks of sparing the subgranular zone of the hippocampus during whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. We also introduce our phase II cooperative group clinical trial (RTOG 0933) designed to prospectively evaluate the postulated neurocognitive benefit of hippocampal subgranular zone sparing and scheduled to open in 2010.
54 GHz CMOS LNAs with 3.6 dB NF and 28.2 dB gain using transformer feedback Gm-boosting technique

This paper presents a novel topology of low-noise amplifier (LNA) with noise reduction and gain improvement. A transformer feedback g m -boosting technique is proposed in a single-ended cascode LNA to reduce the noise figure (NF) and improve the gain simultaneously. Two 54 GHz single-ended cascode LNAs, with transformer and transmission-line for matching, respectively, are demonstrated to verify this technique. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the transformer-based (TF-based) LNA exhibits a minimum noise figure (NF) of 3.6 dB at 53.5 GHz and a highest power gain of 28.2 dB at 54 GHz in measurement. To our best knowledge, this LNA has the best noise figure and power gain among all the published V-band CMOS LNAs. The transmission-line-based (TL-based) LNA exhibits a minimum noise figure of 3.8 dB at 53.9 GHz and a highest power gain of 25.4 dB at 54.2 GHz in measurement. Both the LNAs consume 18 mA from a power supply of 1.1 V.
The Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Phenolics and Vitamin C in Developmentally Young Potato Tubers

New potatoes (also known as “baby potatoes”) are harvested at a young developmental age and have higher concentrations of some phytonutrients than mature tubers. Assessing the potential of new potatoes in the diet and their suitability as targets for further nutritional enhancement requires knowledge of how well targeted phytonutrients survive cooking. New potatoes from the cultivars ‘Piccolo,’ ‘Bintje’ and ‘Purple Majesty’ were microwaved, baked, boiled, steamed or stir-fried. LCMS analysis showed that total phenolics, chlorogenic acids, flavonols and vitamin C did not significantly decrease after cooking by any of these methods. Cooking typically resulted in an increase in the recoverable amounts of these compounds, with chlorogenic acid increasing from 2.14 to 2.92 mg/g DW and rutin from 7.4 to 13.2 μg/g DW after baking in ‘Purple Majesty.’ Supporting this finding is that antioxidant capacity showed similar results with Trolox equivalents increasing from 28.7 (raw) to 36.3 µmol/g DW after baking in ‘Bintje.’ These data suggest that new potatoes present an opportunity to more fully utilize the nutritional potential of potatoes. This work shows that significant loses of phenolic acids, vitamin C, and flavonols need not occur during cooking and confirms that these are viable targets to further increase by molecular or breeding approaches.
Autoradiographic identification and characterization of σ receptors in guinea pig brain using [3H]1(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(2′-(4≈-fluorophenyl)-2′-oxoethyl) piperidine ([3H]DuP 734), a novel σ receptor ligand

The psychotomimetic effects of certain cycloalkyls and benzomorphans that interact with sigma receptors has led to the hypothesis that these sites may be important in the etiology of schizophrenia. DuP 734 [1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(2'-(4''-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-oxoethyl) piperidine HBr] is a novel sigma receptor ligand. The receptor binding specificity and neuroanatomical distribution of [3H]DuP 734-labeled sigma receptors in guinea pig brain were examined using quantitative autoradiography. [3H]DuP 734 binding (10 microM haloperidol displaceable) to slide-mounted sections of guinea pig brain was saturable and of high affinity (Ki = 3.9 nM). Competition studies, under conditions identical to those used to visualize the receptor, yielded the following rank order of potency: DuP 734 > haloperidol > (+)-pentazocine > (-)-butaclamol > DTG > (+)-SKF 10,047 > (+)-3-PPP > (-)-pentazocine > (+)-butaclamol > U50,488H > (-)-SKF 10,047 > cinanserin > PCP >> MK801, sulpiride. High densities of [3H]DuP 734 binding sites displaceable by haloperidol were present in the limbic system, in particular the dorsal and ventral bands of Broca as well as the ventral pallidum. Within the hippocampus, the pyramidal layers were sparsely labeled, while higher densities of binding sites were evident in the dentate gyrus. The frontal cortex, the mammillary complex of the hypothalamus, the central gray and red nucleus of the midbrain, the pontine reticular nucleus, the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum and dorsal and ventral horns, as well as the central gray matter of the spinal cord, all showed enrichments of [3H]DuP 734 binding sites. Lower levels of binding were present in the other regions of the cerebral cortex including parietal, pyriform, occipital, cingulate cortex, as well as the basal ganglia, and negligible specific binding was present in the white matter tracts. The kinetic and pharmacological characteristics and distribution of [3H]DuP 734 binding sites in brain are similar to those previously reported for sigma receptors.
Two lemmas on the form of a dynamic programming solution to a capital investment problem

The optimum decision-state function for a recursion relation having separable one-stage returns fixed-charge linear in the decision variable is examined. The function, examined in the context of a dynamic capital investment problem, is shown to have slope −1 wherever the decision variable is positive. A simple method of determining any positive value of the decision variable is developed.
Rating the risk factors for breast cancer.

ObjectiveTo update and summarize evidence of risk factors for breast cancer.Summary Background DataWomen who are at high risk for breast cancer have a variety of options available to them, including watchful waiting, prophylactic surgery, and chemoprevention. It is increasingly important to accurate
Project Management Problems

ABSTRACTTwelve hundred different problems, as described by project practitioners, are sorted according to an adaptation of the classic management functions first described by Henri Fayol: planning, scheduling, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Observations include that planning problems are most prevalent, that some problems vary with project structure, and that some problems vary with success level. The most surprising lesson is that many types of problems are equally or even more prevalent on successful projects.
Coagulation, hemorrhage and thrombosis.

“DAS Blut ist ein besonderer Saft” (Goethe). During the past decade research in coagulation, one of the vital homeostatic functions, has been in a state of intense ferment. As a consequence, notabl...
Pressure-dependent transition from atoms to nanoparticles in magnetron sputtering: Effect on WSi 2 film roughness and stress

We report on the transition between two regimes from several-atom clusters to much larger nanoparticles in Ar magnetron sputter deposition of WSi{sub 2}, and the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of amorphous thin films and multilayers. Sputter deposition of thin films is monitored by in situ x-ray scattering, including x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering. The results show an abrupt transition at an Ar background pressure P{sub c}; the transition is associated with the threshold for energetic particle thermalization, which is known to scale as the product of the Ar pressure and the working distance between the magnetron source and the substrate surface. Below P{sub c} smooth films are produced while above P{sub c} roughness increases abruptly, consistent with a model in which particles aggregate in the deposition flux before reaching the growth surface. The results from WSi{sub 2} films are correlated with in situ measurement of stress in WSi{sub 2}/Si multilayers, which exhibits a corresponding transition from compressive to tensile stress at P{sub c}. The tensile stress is attributed to coalescence of nanoparticles and the elimination of nanovoids.
Bifurcation and Disaggregation in Lowry—Garin Derivative Models: Theory, Calibration, and Case Study

The classic Lowry—Garin model is reexamined in light of advances in bifurcation theory and disaggregate model calibration techniques. A procedure for disaggregate calibration of the multipliers used in the economic-base component of the model is presented. Also given is an endogenous calibration procedure to include zonal constraints into the spatial interaction part of the unconstrained Lowry—Garin model. This is accomplished through the use of only two simple parameters which have important physical interpretations regarding the sensitivity of transportation improvements. Bifurcation conditions are then specified for the constrained model in both the aggregate and disaggregate cases. Through a case study of a medium-size city, the disaggregate calibration approach was found to produce better replication of the observed development pattern. Also the endogenous way of embedding zonal constraints in the two aforementioned parameters was found to be extremely efficient computationally. Most importantly, the...
A Hamiltonian lattice formulation of the nonlinear σ-model

Abstract A Hamiltonian lattice formulation of the nonlinear σ-model is presented. Sample calculations using well-known approximations indicate this formulation may be useful for studying the symmetric phase of this theory.
Amino-Terminal Charge Affects the Periplasmic Accumulation of Recombinant Heregulin/EGF Hybrids Exported Using theEscherichia coliAlkaline Phosphatase Signal Sequence

Abstract An Escherichia coli expression system that exploits the bacterial alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) signal sequence to translocate recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) to the periplasm was used to evaluate how changes in the composition and sequence of amino acids near the PhoA–hEGF junction influence the periplasmic accumulation of recombinant protein. A series of chimeric structural genes was generated by in vitro replacement of hEGF sequence with analogous segments from the EGF-like domain of human heregulin (HRG), significantly altering the electrostatic character of the amino-terminal region of the mature protein. Quantitation of HRG/EGF protein in E. coli periplasmic extracts, by RP-HPLC, showed a fourfold decrease after one of two acidic residues located in the amino-terminal region of the mature hEGF, near the PhoA junction, was replaced. An additional threefold decrease was observed when the second acidic residue was replaced with a positively charged lysine. Further extension of the amino-terminal HRG sequence, beyond the first six residues, resulted in net neutralization of a more distant EGF acidic residue with no additional effect on protein yield. The importance of having a negatively charged group in the amino-terminal region of the mature protein was confirmed when insertion of an aspartic acid near the amino-terminus of two poorly expressed hybrid protein sequences resulted in a five- to eightfold increase in their recovery from the periplasm. This study demonstrates the importance of having negatively charged residues near the fusion junction of recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli using the PhoA signal sequence for protein export.
On an inequality of A. Khintchine for zero-one matrices

Let A be a matrix of m rows and n columns whose entries are either zero or one with row i of sum ri (i = 1, 2,…, m) and column j of sum sj (j = 1, 2,…, n). Then a result of Khintchine states that , where l = max(m, n) and σ is the total number of ones in A. In the present paper a new proof of Khintchine's inequality is presented and a number of extensions to bounded plane measurable sets are discussed.
Dynamics conditions for channeling during H− scattering on Cu(111)

Abstract The dynamics conditions for channeling effects during H − scattering on Cu(111) surfaces, including: critical angle, distance of closest approach to surface, reflective angle shift, energy loss, and channeling dip depth, are studied with Molecular Dynamics. Calculations show that the critical angle exponentially decreases with incident energy, and the distance of closest approach to surface decreases not only with the incident energy, but also with the incident angle. For the reflective angle shift and the energy loss, we find that there is a range of very small incident angles where both decrease slightly with the incident angle; beyond this range, they increase rapidly with both incident angle and incident energy. For large angles of incidence, the channeling dip depth exponentially increases with the incident angle. The H − ion injected through the middle point of two nearest neighbor Cu atoms on the first layer provides the maximum depth. The reason is a lower surface potential barrier for the injection through this point. The target atomic string density on the surface also affects the dynamics processes. Projecting along an atom string with higher atomic density, leads to a larger critical angle, a larger distance of closest approach to surface, a smaller reflective angle shift, a smaller energy loss, and a shallower channeling dip depth.
Modulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Phosphatidylinositol-specific Phospholipase C Activity by Mutations in the Putative Dimerization Interface

Cleavage of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-phosphate (cIP) and cIP hydrolysis to inositol 1-phosphate by Bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C are activated by the enzyme binding to phosphatidylcholine (PC) surfaces. Part of this reflects improved binding of the protein to interfaces. However, crystallographic analysis of an interfacially impaired phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase (W47A/W242A) suggested protein dimerization might occur on the membrane. In the W47A/W242A dimer, four tyrosine residues from one monomer interact with the same tyrosine cluster of the other, forming a tight dimer interface close to the membrane binding regions. We have constructed mutant proteins in which two or more of these tyrosine residues have been replaced with serine. Phospholipid binding and enzymatic activity of these mutants have been examined to assess the importance of these residues to enzyme function. Replacing two tyrosines had small effects on enzyme activity. However, removal of three or four tyrosine residues weakened PC binding and reduced PI cleavage by the enzyme as well as PC activation of cIP hydrolysis. Crystal structures of Y247S/Y251S in the absence and presence of myo-inositol as well as Y246S/Y247S/Y248S/Y251S indicate that both mutant proteins crystallized as monomers, were very similar to one another, and had no change in the active site region. Kinetic assays, lipid binding, and structural results indicate that either (i) a specific PC binding site, critical for vesicle activities and cIP activation, has been impaired, or (ii) the reduced dimerization potential for Y246S/Y247S/Y248S and Y246S/Y247S/Y248S/Y251S is responsible for their reduced catalytic activity in all assay systems.
Minimax Aspects of Bounded-Influence Regression

Abstract Bounded-influence regression (in the sense of Hampel-Mallows-Krasker-Welsch) is examined critically from the point of view of finite-sample minimax robust estimation theory. The main conclusion is that the influence of position of very high leverage points—that is, of points where the diagonal element of the hat matrix H = X(XTX)−1 XT exceeds a certain bound—should be cut down selectively. This bound should be chosen roughly between .2 and .5; for the upper of these values, the resulting estimate can be approximated very simply by scaling the residuals by their own estimated standard deviation. A conflict between decision theoretic (estimation) and data analytic (diagnostic) viewpoints is pointed out and briefly discussed.
Multi-length scale micromorphic process zone model

The prediction of fracture toughness for hierarchical materials remains a challenging research issue because it involves different physical phenomena at multiple length scales. In this work, we propose a multiscale process zone model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and a multiscale micromorphic theory. By computing the stress intensity factor in a K-dominant region while maintaining the mechanism of failure in the process zone, this model allows the evaluation of the fracture toughness of hierarchical materials as a function of their microstructural properties. After introducing a multi-length scale finite element formulation, an application is presented for high strength alloys, whose microstructure typically contains two populations of particles at different length scales. For this material, the design parameters comprise of the strength of the matrix–particle interface, the particle volume fraction and the strain-hardening of the matrix. Using the proposed framework, trends in the fracture toughness are computed as a function of design parameters, showing potential applications in computational materials design.
The morphogenesis of feathers.

regenerating flight feather follicles of chickens. We show that the antagonistic balance between noggin and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) has a critical role in feather branching, with BMP4 promoting rachis formation and barb fusion, and noggin enhancing rachis and barb branching. Furthermore, we show that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is essential for inducing apoptosis of the marginal plate epithelia, which results in spaces between barbs. Our analyses identify the molecular pathways underlying the topological transformation of feathers from cylindrical epithelia to the hierarchical branched structures, and provide insights on the possible developmental mechanisms in the evolution of feather forms. With three levels of branching (that is, from rachis to barbs; from
A syntaxin homolog encoded by VAM3 mediates down-regulation of a yeast G protein-coupled receptor.

G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals for many hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammatory mediators are internalized and subsequently recycled to the plasma membrane, or down-regulated by targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Here we have characterized yeast α-factor receptors tagged with green fluorescent protein (Ste2-GFP) and used them to obtain mutants defective in receptor down-regulation. In wild type cells, Ste2-GFP was functional and localized to the plasma membrane and endocytic compartments. Although GFP was fused to the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor, GFP also accumulated in the lumen of the vacuole, suggesting that the receptor's extracellular and cytoplasmic domains are degraded within the vacuole lumen. Transposon mutagenesis and a visual screen were used to identify mutants displaying aberrant localization of Ste2-GFP. Mutants that accumulated Ste2-GFP in numerous intracellular vesicles carried disruptions of the VAM3/PTH1 gene, which encodes a syntaxin homolog (t-SNARE) required for homotypic vacuole membrane fusion, autophagy and fusion of biosynthetic transport vesicles with the vacuole. We provide evidence that Vam3 is required for the delivery of α-factor receptor-ligand complexes to the vacuole. Vam3 homologs in mammalian cells may mediate late steps in the down-regulation and lysosomal degradation pathways of various G protein-coupled receptors.
Optimal low-thrust transfers to synchronous orbit

The general problem of circle-to-circle transfer is examined for chemical rocket spacecraft, following Lawden's "primer vector" theory. Impulsive and near-impulsive transfers are analyzed to predict initial conditions for low-thrust transfers. A computer solution of the low-thrust problem is described. Results are presented for the low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit case, showing behavior of the optimal thrust direction, and developing transfer efficiency figures for a range of acceleration limits. Both fixed-thrust and fixedacceleration propulsion systems are considered. The effect of multiple burns is discussed. Robbins's approximation for gravity loss is shown to be good for a large class of maneuvers.
Ship motions using single-phase level set with dynamic overset grids

Abstract The problem of surface ships free to pitch and heave in regular head waves is analyzed numerically with an unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) approach. The unsteady single-phase level set method previously developed by the authors was extended to include six degrees of freedom (6DOF) motions. The method uses rigid overset grids that move with relative motion during the computation, and the interpolation coefficients between the grids are recomputed dynamically every time the grids move. The motions in each time step are integrated implicitly using a predictor–corrector approach. An earth-based reference system is used for the solution of the fluid flow, while a ship-based reference system is used to compute the rigid-body equations of motion. Predicted results for sinkage and trim and resistance at two Froude numbers (medium, Fr = 0.28 and large, Fr = 0.41) were compared against experimental data, showing good agreement. Pitch and heave motions were computed for near-resonant cases at Fr = 0.28 and 0.41, with regular linear head waves with slope ak = 0.025 and wavelength λ = 1.5 L , with L the ship length. The predicted motions compare favorably with existing experimental data. A solution for a large amplitude head wave case ( ak = 0.075) was also obtained, in which the transom wave breaks and extreme motions are observed. The medium Froude number case was subject to a verification and validation analysis. A problem with two ships pitching and heaving one behind the other is demonstrated.
Cleavage of Ni-(μ2-S)-Ni Bridges in Dinuclear Nickel(II) Dithiolate Pincer Complexes and Related Reactions

Pyridine-2,6-dimethanethiolate and pyridine-2,6-dithiocarboxylate form sparingly soluble Ni(II) pincer complexes formulated as [Ni(pdmt)](2) and [Ni(pdtc)](2), respectively, with two Ni-(mu(2)-S)-Ni bridges. In acetonitrile reaction systems, the latter undergoes the facile bridge cleavage reactions [Ni(pdtc)](2) + 2L(0,-) --> 2[Ni(pdtc)L](0,-) with an extensive set of nucleophiles to afford planar mononuclear products with L(-) = halide, CN, Me(3)SiO(-), RS(-) and L(0) = Et(3)P and a N-heterocyclic carbene. [Ni(pdmt)](2) is considerably less reactive toward bridge disruption. Cleavage products support several reactions of interest leading to other mononuclear species and to di- and trinuclear complexes. [Ni(pdtc)(OSiMe(3))](1-) deprotonates acetonitrile and acetone to form [Ni(pdtc)(CH(2)R)](1-) (R = CN, COMe). Reaction of [Ni(pdtc)SEt](1-) with Fe(II) yields the thiolate-bridged dimer {[Ni(pdtc)](2)(SEt)}(1-). Refluxing an acetonitrile solution of [Ni(pdtc)SH](1-) in air results in formation of trinuclear [Ni(pdtc)](3)S](2-) containing the rare unsupported Ni(3)(mu(3)-S) bridge core. Reaction of [Ni(pdtc)CN](1-) with [Fe(Me(6)tren)(OTf)](1+) forms the complex [Ni(pdtc)CNFe(Me(6)tren)](1+), the only example of a single Ni-C[triple bond]N-Fe bridge within a molecule. Structures of the various types of reaction products are presented. This work demonstrates the potential utility of bridge cleavage of polynuclear Ni(II) thiolates, an extensive family of compounds, to produce mononuclear products.
Plasmonic gratings for enhanced light-trapping in thin-film organic solar cells

We discuss optimized silver gratings to enhance light-trapping in organic solar cells. The enhancement is attributed to the generation of surface-plasmon polaritons and localized surface-plasmon resonances, and to their optimized coupling over broad wavelength ranges.
Bereaved Parents and the Compassionate Friends: Affiliation and Healing:

This article is an attempt to describe the Compassionate Friends (TCF), and self-help group, as an effective intervention in the severe bereavement after the death of a child. The research method is participant observation. Three decisions form the framework of the description: the decision to attend the group, the decision to affiliate, and the decision to transform oneself into a helper within the group. The decision to attend seems to be rooted in a variety of expectations, supported by a variety of experiences with professional interventions or with other self-help groups. Affiliation has, first, a cathectic dimension that entails a unity with those whose lives have also been shattered, an appropriate object on which to attach the energy formerly given to the child, and a sense of family in a supportive community. Second, affiliation has an experiential dimension that is an attempt to develop an existential stance in a problematic world based on solutions to concrete problems that are shared among the...
Histologic Changes in the Skin of the Rhino Mouse (hrrhhrrh) Induced by Retinoids

The effects of four retinoids, all- trans -retinoic acid (RA), 13- cis -retinoic acid (13- cis -RA), aromatic retinoid, and arotinoid ethyl ester (arotinoid) were examined on the skin of the rhino mouse. Rhino mouse skin is characterized by the presence of keratin-containing utricles attached to the epidermis, and subcutaneous cysts, both of which are derived from hair follicles. The utricles were examined in horizontal sheets of epidermis, and in vertical histologic sections. After applications of 0.1 ml of 0.1% RA, 0.1% 13-cis-RA, 0.1% aromatic retinoid, or 0.001% arotinoid in acetone to the dorsal skin for 5 days a week for 2 weeks, there was a reduction of utricle diameter to 45%, 52%, 30%, and 31% of acetone-treated controls, respectively. Histologic examination of the epidermis revealed that a dose-dependent hyperplasia and thickening of the epidermis and the stratum granulosum was induced by the retinoids when given at subtoxic doses, being most marked after arotinoid or RA. The thickness of the walls of the utricles also increased with increasing dose of retinoid, paralleling the changes in the epidermis. After doses of 0.1% RA and 0.001% arotinoid, the utricles resembled the hair follicles of hairless mice. Hyperplasia of the epidermis appears to be a primary effect of retinoids or rhino mouse skin. Hyperproliferation of the utricle wall is accompanied by a reduction in the size of the utricle lumen, preceding eventual differentiation of the utricles to normal-looking pilar units.
Reflections on Theory and Outcome Measures for Fatherhood Programs

Responsible fatherhood programs have proliferated in the United States during the past several decades, yet few studies have been conducted of their effects on fathers and children. Evaluation of t...
Atomic parameters for doubly-excited heliumlike silicon

We present theoretical transition rates and transition energies for states of the excited electron configurations 2lnl′ of heliumlike silicon. The values of n considered range from n = 2to 4 with allowed values of l and l′. Atomic parameters for dielectronic satellites of hydrogenlike silicon are presented.
The effect of guessing on item reliability under answer-until-correct scoring

The answer-until-correct (AUC) procedure re quires that examinees respond to a multiple-choice item until they answer it correctly. The examinee's score on the item is then based on the number of responses required for the item. It was expected that the additional responses obtained under the AUC procedure would improve reliability by pro viding additional information on those examinees who fail to choose the correct alternative on their first attempt. However, when compared to the zero- one (ZO) scoring procedure, the AUC procedure has failed to yield consistent improvements in relia bility. Using a modified version of Horst's model for examinee behavior, this paper compares the ef fect of guessing on item reliability for the AUC pro cedure and the ZO procedure. The analysis shows that the relative efficiency of the two procedures de pends strongly on the nature of the item alterna tives and implies that the appropriate criteria for item selection are different for each procedure. Conflicting results rep...
Influence of the microporous layer on carbon corrosion in the catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract Corrosion of the catalyst support reduces PEM fuel cell performance via catalyst layer (CL) degradation (loss of porosity, catalyst connectivity, and active catalyst surface area). Carbon corrosion was investigated in a segmented cell for cathode gas diffusion layers (GDLs) with and without a microporous layer (MPL) to investigate the spatial aspects of GDL effect on corrosion. The cells were aged in situ using an accelerated stress test (AST) for carbon-support corrosion consisting of consecutive holds at 1.3 V. Carbon corrosion was quantified by measuring CO2 evolution during the AST. Performance degradation was substantial both with and without cathode MPL, but the degradation of the CL after prolonged corrosion was lower in the presence of an MPL. This was corroborated by better cell performance, higher remaining Pt active area, lower kinetic losses and smaller Pt particle size. The cell with an MPL showed increasingly nonuniform current distribution with corrosion time, which is correlated to the distribution of the Pt particle growth across the active area. This cell also showed an increase in mass-transport resistance due to MPL degradation. Without an MPL, GDL carbon fibers caused localized thinning in the cathode CL, originating from the combined effects of compression and corrosion.
Sublethal effects of Avermectin and milbemycin on the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae)

Lymantria dispar L. larvae treated with either 5.0 or 1.0 ppm abamectin or 100 or 50 ppm Milbemycin D had significantly reduced frass output and weight gain, indicating feeding cessation. All sublethal concentrations delayed molting by at least 1 d. Larvae treated with 10, 5.0, or 1.0 ppm of Milbemycin D had increased frass output and weight gain compared with controls; they also exhibited wandering. Avermectin at all concentrations and milbemycin at higher sublethal concentrations appeared to act as depressants. At lower concentrations, milbemycin acted as a stimulant. Larvae treated with avermectin had a 12% occurrence of atypical morphological development compared with a 2% occurrence for larvae treated with milbemycin. Larvae treated with sublethal concentrations of carbaryl showed different physiological responses when compared with responses to either avermectin or milbemycin.
Traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm with hemobilia

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HPA) with hemobilia is an unusual complication of hepatic trauma. Initial operative management can have an impact on the development of HPA, and definitive management is difficult. A total of 482 consecutive patients with liver injury were prospectively analyzed. Six of these (1.2%) developed HPA with hemobilia. Three patients developed HPA after penetrating injuries, and 3 after blunt trauma. All 6 patients had hemobilia with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage; HPA was confirmed by angiography. A total of 80% had bile leaks as revealed by hepatobiliary scans. One patient was nonseptic and had a small intrahepatic cavity, and the patient underwent successful embolization of the HPA. The remaining 5 had unexplained sepsis with large intrahepatic cavities and underwent operation. Two died due to massive blood loss and coagulopathy during attempted cavity debridement prior to gaining vascular control. One had right hepatic artery ligation in lieu of resection and subsequent lobectomy after recurrence of hemobilia; the other 2 had formal hepatic resections. No survivors had further rebleeding. We conclude that (1) HPA with hemobilia is predisposed by bile leak; (2) embolization appears appropriate for patients with small cavities without sepsis; and (3) debridement and drainage, which may require formal resection, are necessary for those with large cavities and/or sepsis after vascular control is obtained either by preoperative embolization or intraoperatively.
β-Glucan enhances complement-mediated hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow injury

Myelotoxic injury in the bone marrow (BM) as a consequence of total body irradiation (TBI) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization results in the deposition of iC3b on BM stroma (stroma-iC3b). In the present study, we have examined how stroma-iC3b interacts with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the role of complement (C) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) in BM injury/repair. We demonstrate here that stroma-iC3b tethers HPCs via the inserted (I) domain of HPC complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18, Mac-1). Following irradiation, stroma-iC3b was observed in the presence of purified IgM and normal mouse serum (NMS), but not serum from Rag-2-/- mice, implicating a role for antibody (Ab) and the classic pathway of C activation. Furthermore, a novel role for soluble yeast β-glucan, a ligand for the CR3 lectin-like domain (LLD), in the priming of CR3+ HPC is suggested. Soluble yeast β-glucan could enhance the proliferation of tethered HPCs, promote leukocyte recovery following sublethal irradiation, and increase the survival of lethally irradiated animals following allogeneic HPC transplantation in a CR3-dependent manner. Taken together, these observations suggest a novel role for C, CR3, and β-glucan in the restoration of hematopoiesis following injury. (Blood. 2006;107:835-840)
Rotordynamic coefficients of incompressible flow damping seals using colebrook's formula

Abstract The basic equations are derived for incompressible flow in an annular seal with large-scale roughness. The flow is assumed to be completely turbulent in the axial and circumferential directions with no separation, and is modeled using Colebrook's friction factor relationship. Linearized zeroth- and first-order perturbation equations are developed for small motion about an arbitrary position by an expansion in the eccentricity ratio. The zeroth-order continuity and momentum equations are integrated, yielding the axial and circumferential velocity components and the pressure distribution. The first-order equations are integrated to satisfy the boundary conditions and yield the perturbation pressure distribution. This resultant pressure distribution is integrated along and around the seal to yield the force developed by the seal and the corresponding dynamic coefficients. Results of this analysis are compared with one using Moody's equation and with experimental data for leakage and rotordynamic coefficients.
Effects of fructose 6-phosphate and adenylates on the activities of rabbit liver fructose bisphosphatase and phosphofructokinase.

Abstract The inhibition by AMP of fructose bisphosphatase (E. 3.1.2.11) from rabbit liver corresponds, at a physiological pool size of the adenine nucleotides, to a sensitive, positive (U-type) respose to the value of the adenylate energy charge in the region above 0.9. The phosphatase is inhibited about 50% by 0.2 m m fructose 6-phosphate; this inhibition is independent of the concentration of substrate. Phosphofructokinase from the same organ responds oppositely to both energy charge and fructose 6-phosphate. The previously reported inactivation of this enzyme by preincubation with ATP, as well as the suggested modifier effects of 3-P-glycerate and chelating agents, seems to result from contaminating metal ions.
Monitoring the response of patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using [technetium 99m]-sestamibi scintimammography.

BACKGROUND Mammographic and physical examination assessments of the response of locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) to neoadjuvant therapy have been shown to be inaccurate. The authors studied the feasibility and accuracy of [technetium 99m]-sestamibi (MIBI) for monitoring the response of patients with LABC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for LABC underwent prone lateral scintimammography before therapy, after 2 months of therapy, and close to the completion of chemotherapy (presurgery) if chemotherapy continued for >3 months. Images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the lesion-to-normal breast MIBI uptake ratio (L:N). Imaging results were compared with the clinical response and the pathologic response as determined from the posttherapy surgical specimen. RESULTS A total of 32 patients (29 who were assessable for primary tumor response and 28 who were assessable for lymph node response) were included in the study. The mean change in the primary tumor L:N MIBI uptake ratio after 2 months of chemotherapy was −35% for clinical responders and +17% for nonresponders (P < 0.001). Patients achieving a pathologic primary tumor macroscopic complete response (CR) had a mean change in uptake on the presurgical scan of −58% versus −18% for patients with a partial response (P < 0.005). A decrease of ≥40% in the MIBI uptake ratio identified CRs with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Pretherapy imaging predicted axillary lymph node metastases in 85% of patients ultimately found to have ≥1 positive lymph nodes at surgery, but was less accurate in identifying residual lymph node disease after therapy (55% sensitivity and 75% specificity). CONCLUSIONS MIBI imaging accurately assessed the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with LABC. Further studies are needed to determine the role of MIBI in this group of patients. Cancer 1999;85:2410–23. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Psychosocial Correlates of Overweight or Obese Status in Latino Adults with Coronary Artery Disease

This study evaluated the psychosocial correlates of being overweight or obese among US born and immigrant Latino adults. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Of the 177 participants, 64% were either overweight or obese, of which, 51% also had comorbid depressive symptoms. On bivariate analyses, these participants were younger (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5–5.2), female (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3–4.6), US born (OR = 6, 95% CI = 1.3–9.0), more likely to have lived in the US 15 or more years (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.1), reported fair or poor health, (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.8–8.0), and were more likely to perceive greater stress (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.4–18.0). On multivariate analysis, only perceived stress remained significant (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.7–15.6). This suggests that interventions designed to reduce the epidemic of overweight and obesity in Latino adults may also need to address their psychosocial health.
Electrical Properties of Pzt Piezoelectric Ceramics at High Temperatures

Advanced aeronautic and space structures need active components that can function at high frequencies and temperatures. Piezoelectric materials can provide frequency response but their use at elevated temperatures is limited. The reason for the lack of insertion of piezoelectric for high temperature active component and sensors are two fold. First, the database of piezoelectric properties that describe the piezoelectric constants is lacking for high temperatures engineering applications. Most studies measure the dielectric constants to determine the Curie temperature but do not provide piezoelectric coefficients as a function of temperature. Second, piezoelectric materials with Curie temperature (T C) exceeding 500 °C are sought for aeronautics and aerospace applications. This investigation describes a measurement system that captures the impedance dependence upon temperature for piezoelectric materials. Commercially available lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was studied as to determine the piezoelectric activity to define the operating envelope with respect to temperature. The elastic properties $$\left( {c_{ijkl}^E } \right)$$ , piezoelectric coefficients $$\left( {e _{ik}^S } \right)$$ , dielectric properties $$\left( {\varepsilon _{ik}^S } \right)$$ , and electro-mechanical coupling factors were determined as a function of temperature. The coupling factor k 33 was found to be relatively constant to 200 °C and exhibit slight temperature dependence above 200 °C. The temperature sensitivity for both piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor were very small; the slopes $${{\Delta d_{31}^T } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta d_{31}^T } {d_{31}^T }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {d_{31}^T }}$$ and Δk 33/k 33 were found to be 0.01 and (−0.07) respectively in the range of 120 to 200 °C. This measurement technique will populate databases that describe the piezoelectric properties of commercially available PZT piezoelectric materials. It can also facilitate the assessment of new piezoelectric materials that are currently being developed for higher temperature applications.
Intensity of the first heart sound and arterial pulse in mitral insufficiency.

SUMMARY Phonocardiograms and the brachial artery derivative were obtained in 23 patients with aortic valve disease and in 27 patients with mitral valve disease. Phonocardiograms were also obtained in 238 dogs with spontaneously acquired mitral insufficiency. The peak dp/dt averaged 523 mm Hg/sec in ten patients with aortic stenosis, 1514 mm Hg/sec in 13 patients with aortic insufficiency, 705 mm Hg/sec in 18 patients with mitral stenosis and 1362 mm Hg/sec in nine patients with mitral insufficiency. The first heart sound was increased in intensity in 222 of the dogs with mitral insufficiency and in all of the patients with mitral insufficiency. It is suggested that the elevated peak dp/dt and the loud first sound seen in mitral insufficiency are due to increased left ventricular contractility. The analysis of the brachial artery dp/dt permits a simple differentiation between mitral stenosis and mitral insufficiency, as well as between aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency.