cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The association of graduated driver licensing with miles driven and fatal crash rates per miles driven among adolescents

Background Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws are associated with reduced crash rates per person-year among adolescents. It is unknown whether adolescents crash less per miles driven or drive less under GDL policies. Methods We used data from the US National Household Travel Survey and Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1995–1996, 2001–2002 and 2008–2009. We compared adolescents subject to GDL laws with those not by estimating adjusted IRRs for being a driver in a crash with a death per person-year (aIRRpy) and per miles driven (aIRRm), and adjusted miles driven ratios (aMR) controlling for changes in rates over time. Results Comparing persons subject to GDL policies with those not, 16 year olds had fewer fatal crashes per person-year (aIRRpy 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.91), drove fewer miles (aMR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98) and had lower crash rates per miles driven (aIRRm 0.83, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.06). For age 17, the aIRRpy was 0.83 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.17), the aMR 0.80 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.03) and the aIRRm 1.03 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.35). For age 18, the aIRRpy was 0.93 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.19), the aMR 0.92 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.09) and the aIRRm 1.01 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.23). Conclusions If these associations are causal, GDL laws reduced crashes per person-year by about one-third among 16 year olds; half the reduction was due to fewer crashes per miles driven and half to less driving. For ages 17 and 18, there was no evidence of reduced crash rates per miles driven.
Recursive estimation of systemic arterial parameters for control of an electrically actuated total artificial heart

A method for recursively estimating the parameters of a model of the systemic arterial bed for control of an electrically actuated total artificial heart (TAH) has been developed and tested. The parameters have physical meaning and are estimated on the basis of noninvasive measurement of aortic flow and pressure during systole. The performance of the estimation algorithm was tested on data generated by two different models of the systemic arterial bed, using normal canine parameters. Results demonstrate the ability of the estimator to converge quickly and to track time-varying parameters. >
Physalis method for heterogeneous mixtures of dielectrics and conductors: Accurately simulating one million particles using a PC

Prosperetti's seminal Physalis method, an Immersed Boundary/spectral method, had been used extensively to investigate fluid flows with suspended solid particles. Its underlying idea of creating a cage and using a spectral general analytical solution around a discontinuity in a surrounding field as a computational mechanism to enable the accommodation of physical and geometric discontinuities is a general concept, and can be applied to other problems of importance to physics, mechanics, and chemistry. In this paper we provide a foundation for the application of this approach to the determination of the distribution of electric charge in heterogeneous mixtures of dielectrics and conductors. The proposed Physalis method is remarkably accurate and efficient. In the method, a spectral analytical solution is used to tackle the discontinuity and thus the discontinuous boundary conditions at the interface of two media are satisfied exactly. Owing to the hybrid finite difference and spectral schemes, the method is spectrally accurate if the modes are not sufficiently resolved, while higher than second-order accurate if the modes are sufficiently resolved, for the solved potential field. Because of the features of the analytical solutions, the derivative quantities of importance, such as electric field, charge distribution, and force, have the same order of accuracy as the solved potential field during postprocessing. This is an important advantage of the Physalis method over other numerical methods involving interpolation, differentiation, and integration during postprocessing, which may significantly degrade the accuracy of the derivative quantities of importance. The analytical solutions enable the user to use relatively few mesh points to accurately represent the regions of discontinuity. In addition, the spectral convergence and a linear relationship between the cost of computer memory/computation and particle numbers results in a very efficient method. In the present paper, the accuracy of the method is numerically investigated by example computations using one dielectric particle, one isolated conductor particle, one conductor particle connected to an external source with imposed voltage, and two conductor/dielectric particles with strong interactions. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated with one million particles, which suggests that the method can be used for many important engineering applications of broad interest.
Are Survey Respondents Lying about Their Support for Same-Sex Marriage? Lessons from a List Experiment

Public opinion polls consistently show that a growing majority of Americans support same-sex marriage. Critics, however, raise the possibility that these polls are plagued by social desirability bias, and thereby may overstate public support for gay and lesbian rights. We test this proposition using a list experiment embedded in the 2013 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. List experiments afford respondents an anonymity that allows them to provide more truthful answers to potentially sensitive survey items. Our experiment finds no evidence that social desirability is affecting overall survey results. If there is social desirability in polling on same-sex marriage, it pushes in both directions. Indeed, our efforts provide new evidence that a national opinion majority favors same-sex marriage. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, we analyze a second list experiment, this one focusing on the inclusion of sexual orientation in employment nondiscrimination laws. Again, we find no overall evidence of bias.
Nonexclusionary input prices under quantity competition: vertical integration, foreclosure and sabotage

AbstractA vertically integrated provider is a monopoly supplier of an input essential for its rival to produce downstream output. Market exclusion in the form of inefficient foreclosure or sabotage can arise when input prices are, respectively, ‘too high’ or ‘too low’ relative to the downstream price. The range of nonexclusionary input prices within which neither form of market exclusion arises is determined by displacement ratios. The safe harbour range of downstream-to-upstream ‘price-cost’ margin ratios is decreasing in the degree of product homogeneity and approaches a single ratio in the limit as the products become perfectly homogeneous. The bounds of nonexclusionary input prices are markedly wider under Bertrand–Nash competition than they are under Stackelberg competition.
Release and excretion of metal in patients who have a total hip-replacement component made of titanium-base alloy

Serum concentration and urinary excretion of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium were measured for patients who had a well functioning cementless primary total hip replacement of one of two different designs, for patients who had a loose total hip replacement that was to be revised, and for control subjects who had no implant. Serum concentrations of titanium were elevated approximately twofold in the patients who had a loose implant, compared with the values for the control subjects. No major differences in terms of urine concentration of titanium, serum concentration of aluminum, or urine concentration of aluminum were observed among any of the groups that were studied. Concentrations of vanadium were uniformly low in all groups.
Feasibility Study for a Satellite Program of an Established School of Dentistry.

Creative thinking is required to solve the many challenges the oral health care delivery system faces in meeting the needs of the U.S. population. Access to oral health care services varies widely across the country based on a host of factors including individual patient characteristics, demographic variables, and distribution of professionals by locale. There is also significant variability of need, so that many new solutions have been proposed to meet the needs of specific areas. In late 2012, the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry embarked on a feasibility study to determine whether its existing DDS program could be extended closer to underserved areas of Missouri and surrounding regions by utilizing distance education and a clinical training facility in conjunction with another public university. This article describes the study and its outcomes. Other institutions may find this process useful as they assess factors that could impact the success of future programming and seek new solutions to long-standing problems.
Shifting Fitness and Epistatic Landscapes Reflect Trade-offs along an Evolutionary Pathway

Abstract Nature repurposes proteins via evolutionary processes. Such adaptation can come at the expense of the original protein's function, which is a trade-off of adaptation. We sought to examine other potential adaptive trade-offs. We measured the effect on ampicillin resistance of ~ 12,500 unique single amino acid mutants of the TEM-1, TEM-17, TEM-19, and TEM-15 β-lactamase alleles, which constitute an adaptive path in the evolution of cefotaxime resistance. These protein fitness landscapes were compared and used to calculate epistatic interactions between these mutations and the two mutations in the pathway (E104K and G238S). This series of protein fitness landscapes provides a systematic, quantitative description of pairwise/tertiary intragenic epistasis involving adaptive mutations. We find that the frequency of mutations exhibiting epistasis increases along the evolutionary pathway. Adaptation moves the protein to a region in the fitness landscape characterized by decreased mutational robustness and increased ruggedness, as measured by fitness effects of mutations and epistatic interactions for TEM-1's original function. This movement to such a “fitness territory” has evolutionary consequences and is an important adaptive trade-off and cost of adaptation. Our systematic study provides detailed insight into the relationships between mutation, protein structure, protein stability, and epistasis and quantitatively depicts the different costs inherent in the evolution of new functions.
Evaluation on Genotoxicity of Tribromoacetic Acid by Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay

[Objective]To test the genotoxicity of tribromoacetic acid by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome(CBMN-cyt) assay.[Methods]Mice L5178Y lymphoma cells were treated with tribromoacetic acid at 0(negative control),7.81,15.62,31.25,62.50,125.00,175.00,and 250.00μg/mL for 24h.The cytotoxicity was tested by tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay,and the median lethal dose(LC50) was calculated.The cells were treated with tribromoacetic acid at 0(negative control),31.25,62.50,125.00,and 175.00μg/mL for 24h,and plus 0.1μg/mL mitomycin C as a positive control,and the genotoxicity was tested by CBMN-cyt assay.[Results]Compared with the negative control group,the survival rate of L5178Y lymphoma cells in the 31.25,62.50,125.00,175.00 and 250.00μg/mL groups decreased significantly(P0.05).From the dose-effect curve,a decreasing trend for the survival rate of L5178Y lymphoma cells was found with the increasing of dosage of tribromoacetic acid(P0.01).The LC50 of tribromoacetic acid was 135.70μg/mL.Compared with the negative control group,the frequency of micronucleus(MN) of L5178Y lymphoma cells in the 125.00 and 175.00μg/mL groups and the nucleoplasmic bridges(NPBs) in all treatment groups increased significantly(P 0.05),but there were no differences in the frequency of nuclear buds(NBUDs) and the nuclear divided index between the treatment groups and the control group.The results of Pearson correlation test showed that along with the increasing of tribromoacetic acid treatment dosage increasing trends were found in the frequency of MN,NPBs,and NBUDs(P0.01).[Conclusion]The findings by the application of CBMN-cyt assay indicate that tribromoacetic acid could induce genotoxicity,mainly including chromosome damage,DNA error-prone repair,chromosome recombination or damage of telomere fusion.
Routine Maintenance Scheme for Important Intelligent Equipments in Intelligent Substation

With comprehensively launches of intelligent substation construction,the maintenance of important intelligent equipments is the basis of safe and reliable operation of intelligent substations. There is no systemic research in our country on intelligent substation routine maintenance scheme. Taking 220kV Xijing smart substation as example,this paper analyzed the general maintenance scheme,determined maintenance mode,then researched the maintenance scheme for intelligent protection system,on-line monitoring system and electronic transformer,especially the detailed security isolation scheme for line interval maintenance.
The Methodology of Neuroproteomics

The human central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex organ in nature, composed of ten trillion cells forming complex neural networks using a quadrillion synaptic connections. Proteins, their modifications, and their interactions are integral to CNS function. The emerging field of neuroproteomics provides us with a wide-scope view of posttranslation protein dynamics within the CNS to better our understanding of its function, and more often, its dysfunction consequent to neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter reviews methodology employed in the neurosciences to study the neuroproteome in health and disease. The chapter layout parallels this volume's four parts. Part I focuses on modeling human neuropathology in animals as surrogate, accessible, and controllable platforms in our research. Part II discusses methodology used to focus analysis onto a subneuroproteome. Part III reviews analytical and bioinformatic technologies applied in neuroproteomics. Part IV discusses clinical neuroproteomics, from processing of human biofluids to translation in biomarkers research. Neuroproteomics continues to mature as a discipline, confronting the extreme complexity of the CNS proteome and its dynamics, and providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying how our nervous system works and how it is compromised by injury and disease.
The effect of website features in online relationship marketing

Display Omitted Hedonic features of the website have a stronger significant effect on affective commitment.Utilitarian features have a stronger significant effect on calculative commitment.Web design features are important for online relationship marketing.Both commitment dimensions were found to be precursors of trust whereas affective commitment is the precursor of e-loyalty. The primary objective of this research is to develop a theory-based model of utilitarian and hedonic website features, customer commitment, trust, and e-loyalty in an online hotel booking context. Structural Equation Modeling was deployed to test research hypotheses. Findings highlight the importance of creating loyalty by focusing on both hedonic and utilitarian features. Affective commitment is more influenced by hedonic features whereas calculative commitment is driven by utilitarian ones. Both commitment dimensions sway customers' trust towards the online vendor and trust is an important antecedent of e-loyalty. Findings confirm that web design features are important for online relationship marketing. Both commitment dimensions were found to be precursors of trust whereas affective commitment is the precursor of e-loyalty.
Emergency Flight Planning for an Energy-Constrained Multicopter

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have diverse commercial applications. Risk mitigation techniques must be developed to minimize the probability of harm to persons and property in the vicinity of the aircraft. This paper presents an emergency flight planner combining sensor-based and map-based elements to collectively plan a landing path for a UAS that experiences an unexpected low energy condition while flying over a populated area. Focus is placed in this work on the use of public databases of population distribution, structure locations, and terrain to create an efficient-to-access cost map of the data. Safe landing plans are generated with an A* search algorithm shown to be feasible for real-time use with the cost map. Simulation-based case studies are presented of a quadrotor UAS operating within New York City to illustrate how different cost terms impact optimal path characteristics.
REFLECTIONS ON PRIMARY CARE RESEARCH. POST-STARFIELD SUMMIT: THINKING PRAGMATICALLY, THINKING BIG

The Starfield Summit crystallized key challenges and opportunities as primary care enters an era of value-based payment (VBP). New primary care models must reinforce Starfield’s core primary care functions while achieving the quadruple aim. Achieving these objectives requires pragmatic, rapid-
A clinical solution for improving the accuracy of cardiac PET/CT imaging

1002 Learning Objectives To improve quantification of cardiac PET imaging with a clinical utility incorporating average CT in data acquisition and 3D registration in post-processing without any hardware upgrade. We designed utility to incorporate both average CT (ACT) which matches the temporal resolutions of CT and PET in data acquisition and 3D registration which improves registration of the CT and PET data in post-processing. The manufacturers only offer 3D registration and no ACT on their newer PET/CT scanners, and no 3D registration or no ACT on their older PET/CT scanners. The utility can be implemented on the current platform without any hardware change. Cine CT acquisition is used to produce the ACT data to match with the PET data in temporal resolution. The cine CT data are automatically transferred to the processing workstation. The utility checks for the completion of the data transfer, computes the ACT, and transfers the ACT data to the console for quantification of the cardiac PET data. The whole process is automatic and without any user intervention. We have also designed 3D registration software to improve registration of the CT and PET data. This implementation is most effective on the PET/CT scanners not supported by the manufacturers for registration software such as GE Discover LS, ST and some models of STE. It can also be incorporated with the current GE PET/CT scanners to provide ACT for quantification of the cardiac PET data, which is not supported by GE. This software has been used in several clinical sites. One site was able to scan more than 10 patients a day. ACT takes care of the major misregistration issues in data acquisition, and 3D registration is used only when there is patient motion between the CT and PET scans. Our design improved quantification of the cardiac PET/CT imaging and reduced the false positive rates of cardiac PET imaging (Gould et al, JNM 07 and JNM 08; Johnson et al, Mol. Img. 10). The proposed solution can be implemented on all GE PET/CT scanners without any hardware change, and is most useful for the GE DLS, DST and some models of DSTE
The Role of World Trade Policy: the View from the Advanced Countries

More than two decades of aid projects and alliances have brought the idea of development through foreign assistance to the nadir of its popularity. Soaring promises and expectations have given way to growing criticism, cynicism and disappointment. The stunning lesson of recent history is not that economic progress has been lacking, but that whatever progress has occurred has been so very much less than the grandiose predictions that seemed to accompany every launching of every new project.
Interaction of angular plane wave spectra of Bragg and non-Bragg orders in photorefractive lithium niobate

The exact solutions of the set of nonlinear coupled differential equations pertaining to Bragg and non-Bragg orders for the case of interacting angular spectra in a photorefractive medium are obtained numerically. An iron doped lithium niobate is used as a photorefractive material, and the incident wavelength is taken to be 514 nm. During traditional two-beam coupling within a photorefractive material, many non-Bragg orders may also be generated. For solving the set of coupled equations numerically, interactions between the spectra of two Bragg and two non-Bragg orders are considered. The spatial evolution of the spectra of these diffracted orders hence their spatial profiles are studied numerically for different incident profiles.
Weight Management in Primary Care.

Background: Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide. It is not only a medical but also a philosophical, ecological, economic, sociocultural, and psychological problem as well as a severe consequence of our modern value definition to ‘receive more and more'. Therefore, physicians are not able to treat obesity broadly and should not be used as tools to achieve certain weight goals. Methods: This article presents an outline of conservative obesity therapy. Using the key words ‘obesity', ‘diet', and ‘exercise', a search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for the period from 1995 to 2015. Results/Conclusion: The goal of obesity therapy is primarily the reduction of abdominal fat distribution. Only after achieving this main objective, weight loss reduction can be included by changes in eating and activity habits as well as further lifestyle modifications supplemented by weight-reducing medical, invasive, and/or surgical therapy measures in order to reduce obesity-associated comorbidities and to improve quality of life. A reduction of fat intake while avoiding unsaturated fatty acids, an optimization especially of the quality of carbohydrate and protein intake, an increase in physical activity (about 30-60 min per day) with individual adaption, and a personal, ongoing therapeutic leadership is necessary to reach the main goal, i.e. losing 5-15% of the initial weight.
Potential of Local Food Use in the Ohio Health Care Industry: An Exploratory Study

Institutionalized foodservice in health care is evolving. Some hospitals have introduced local foods as a means of improving health and wellness. Investigation into the hospital foodservice literature, however, leaves unclear what percentage of hospitals actually participate in procuring, serving, or promoting local foods to patients and employees. We investigated the factors that contributed to hospitals purchasing or not purchasing local foods for their operations. A census of Ohio hospital foodservice directors ( n =155) was undertaken in the fall of 2014. The response rate was 67.8%. The broad research questions asked about how much knowledge they had of the local food movement, to what extent they currently used local foods (or had interest in purchasing local foods in the future) for their institutions, and what systemic issues advanced or impeded their institutional use of local foods. We found that 77.9% of the respondents had knowledge of the local food movement. However, only 57.7% were currently using local foods in their operations. Even fewer were implementing programs related to local food. The findings revealed the major reasons for not incorporating local foods into operations were based on concerns over inconsistent supply levels, liability insurance, refrigeration, and other food safety issues. Lastly, the findings showed that foodservice directors are interested in programs that incorporate more local foods into their operations. These findings provide insight into how food systems workers can help hospitals, local farmers, and food production and/or distribution operations coalesce in triple-bottom-line results that deliver positive social, environmental, and economic outcomes.
Zebrafish Keep Their Cool.

Cell plasma membranes contain a complex assortment of lipids. This mixture is metabolically tuned to respond to changes in environmental conditions, but the specific biological function of lipid adaptation is not understood. In their newest article, Burns et al. (1) address this longstanding question with experimental evidence that cells alter their lipid composition to maintain a constant difference between the growth temperature and the temperature at which their membranes separate into coexisting liquid phases.
A Modular Platform for Differentiation of Human PSCs into All Major Ectodermal Lineages.

Summary Directing the fate of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into different lineages requires variable starting conditions and components with undefined activities, introducing inconsistencies that confound reproducibility and assessment of specific perturbations. Here we introduce a simple, modular protocol for deriving the four main ectodermal lineages from hPSCs. By precisely varying FGF, BMP, WNT, and TGFβ pathway activity in a minimal, chemically defined medium, we show parallel, robust, and reproducible derivation of neuroectoderm, neural crest (NC), cranial placode (CP), and non-neural ectoderm in multiple hPSC lines, on different substrates independently of cell density. We highlight the utility of this system by interrogating the role of TFAP2 transcription factors in ectodermal differentiation, revealing the importance of TFAP2A in NC and CP specification, and performing a small-molecule screen that identified compounds that further enhance CP differentiation. This platform provides a simple stage for systematic derivation of the entire range of ectodermal cell types.
Supervised classification of electric power transmission line nominal voltage from high-resolution aerial imagery

For many researchers, government agencies, and emergency responders, access to the geospatial data of US electric power infrastructure is invaluable for analysis, planning, and disaster recovery. H...
Adopting Attribute-Based Access Control to Data Distribution Service

The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by heterogeneous protocols and technologies which co-operate to provide various innovative services in various application domains. In the last few years, several protocols and approaches have been developed and proposed to support the connectivity, interoperability, and security in the IoT. The Data Distribution Service (DDS), which is a standard for data-centric publish/subscribe communication, is introduced to address interoperability in the IoT. DDS defines its own access control model that can be adapted to Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) for greater flexibility. In this work, we present a feasibility study on how Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) can be adopted to DDS.
Polymerization at High Pressure

Most polymerization reactions proceed at a faster rate under high pressure. Higher molecular weights are obtained at higher pressures. High pressure polymerizations of a wide variety of vinyl type monomers and copolymerizations of two or more monomers have been investigated by many researchers around the world.1–8 Such studies have been conducted with free radicals derived from oxygen and organic peroxides, photoinitiation,9,10 and high energy radiation.11 High pressure polymerizations have also been conducted with anionic12 and cationic13 initiators (catalysts) and with transition metal catalysts.14
Arctic Ocean Sediments, Microfauna, and the Climatic Record in Late Cenozoic Time

Deep-sea cores from the Central Arctic Basin yield significant faunal and lithologic evidence of normal and low salinity cycles superimposed upon temperature fluctuations in late Cenozoic time. Lowest temperatures correspond to the upper Pleistocene (the Brunnes normal polarity epoch), whereas higher temperatures and lower salinities were recorded by planktonic foraminifera during the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch.
Biomineralization of Fe3O4 in Bacteria

Iron is a constituent of the active sites of many important proteins including hemoglobin and myoglobin, the cytochromes, iron-sulfur proteins, nitrogenase and others. Because of the importance of the iron-containing proteins to the physiology of a wide variety of organisms, their physical and electronic structures have been extensively studied. Since the iron atom or atoms often play a central role in the function of the protein, Mossbauer spectroscopy is one of the most important tools in these studies.
Validation of Results

Given the cumulative distribution function of oscillator reliability R, the computation of the ordinary moments of time to first passage failure can be easily calculated by Equation 2.30. The inverse problem, calculation of the cumulative probability distribution function given the ordinary moments of the distribution, is a much more formidable task and will be addressed in Chapter V. In this section, however, the comparison of the ordinary moments of first passage time found in Chapter III by directly solving the steady state Pontriagin-Vitt equation will be compared with those found by using Equation 2.29 in conjunction with the transient solution of the first passage problem. Equation 2.29 can be approximated by $${T^{(r)}}({_o}) \simeq \,\sum\limits_{i = 0}^\infty {{{[({\tau _{i\,}} + \,{\tau _{i + l}})/2]}^r}\,[R({\tau _i}|{{}_o}) - R({\tau _{i + l}}|} {_o})]$$ (4.1) where R is the cummulative distribution function of oscillator reliability.
Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Associated Coagulopathy

Coagulopathy in pediatric patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is highly complex and multifactorial. Pediatric patients are at risk for post-CPB coagulopathy due to hemodilution resulting from the CPB circuit, use of varying degrees of hypothermia during surgical procedures, prolonged duration of highly complex surgical repairs, and abnormalities of the immature and cyanotic hematologic system. Hemostasis can be optimized at various stages from the preoperative to postoperative phases. Strategies include intraoperative antifibrinolytic therapy, CPB circuit properties and management, and post-CPB procoagulant therapy. Point-of-care whole-blood assays can be used to more directly guide correction of coagulopathy, utilizing both allogeneic blood products and biosynthetic coagulation factors such as fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin protein concentrates. This chapter will focus on current controversies surrounding CPB-associated coagulopathy and its management.
Felt Gender Typicality and Psychosocial Adjustment in Indian Early Adolescents.

The association between felt gender typicality (self-perceived similarity to the same-gender peer group) and psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, peer social competence, depression, victimization,...
Abstract 389: Role of her3 signaling pathways in er+ and her2+ breast cancers

HER3 is an important molecule that may regulate oncogenic activity in estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancers, which accounts for about 70-80% of all breast cancers. HER3 gene expression is highest in ER+ or luminal tumors. Treatment with the ER degrader fulvestrant induces protein expression of HER3 in ER+ clinical breast tumors, suggesting that HER3 may have therapeutic value in luminal breast cancers. About 20% of all breast cancers diagnosed are HER2 positive (+). HER3 is as essential as HER2 for maintaining cell viability in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. We aim to identify proteins that bind to HER3 upon therapeutic inhibition of HER2 or anti-endocrine therapy. We have found that ERα is upregulated in ER+ T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines expressing the activating hotspot T355I HER3 mutation compared to HER3 wild-type (WT) cells. We noted that ERα co-immunoprecipitated to HER3-T355I but not to HER3-WT T47D cells. Knocking down HER3 resulted in decreased ERα expression in both HER3-WT and HER3-T355I expressing T47D cells. We are currently analyzing the nuclear expression of endogenous HER3 in MCF-7, T47D, BT474, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells. We are determining if stimulation with the HER3 ligand heregulin alters the subcellular location of HER3 or the ability to co-immunoprecipitate with ERα in cells expressing exogenous HER3-WT, exogenous HER3-T355I or endogenous HER3. We are using a proteomics approach to identify HER3-interacting proteins to determine how HER2 inhibition affects the repertoire of HER3 binding partners in HER2+ breast cancer cells. We immunopurified HER3 from BT474 cells treated with DMSO or with neratinib (24 hour treatment). We then identified enrichment of specific proteins by mass spectrometry. MALDI tandem mass spectrometry experiments identified non-muscle myosin-II heavy chain from HER3 immunoprecipitates treated 24 hours with neratinib treatment but not 24 hours of DMSO treatment in BT474 cells. Furthermore, our immunoprecipitation data indicated that there is more myosin-IIa bound to HER3 in response to neratinib treatment. Myosin-IIa has a key role in cytokinesis, cell migration, polarization, adhesion and metastasis. Thus, we aim to decipher the mechanism of action by which myosin-IIa interacts with HER3 and determining if downstream myosin/actin signaling could be a possible target in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer patients who show resistance to HER2 targeted therapy. In conclusion, we have identified two potential novel HER3 binding partners in breast cancer: ERα and myosin-IIa. Deciphering the function of HER3 binding partners has potential implication for understanding the invasive properties of ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers. Citation Format: Rosalin Mishra, Samar Alanazi, Hima Patel, Long Yuan, Joan T. Garrett. Role of her3 signaling pathways in er+ and her2+ breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 389.
Systematic design of high-strength multicomponent metamaterials

Abstract The emergence of additive manufacturing, along with the introduction of the concept of metamaterials, allows the synthesis of high-performance materials with superior specific strength. With recent advances in printing multi-material structures, the design space of metamaterials has exponentially grown. Variation in dimensions of the printed metamaterials due to limitations of the manufacturing process can drastically offset their performance compared to their original design. So far, the impact of deviations in the manufactured metamaterials and their effect on their final performance has not been studied systematically. There are also no guidelines for selecting materials in a multi-material lattice structure to achieve higher mechanical performance. Here, the strength and toughness of printed single- and bimaterial lattice structures with a combinatorial selection of materials and their sensitivity to the printing parameters are studied. We show that the exterior elements dominate the overall mechanical performance of the metamaterial compared to the internal elements. We found two regimes of slow and fast softening in periodic lattices. We study the sensitivity of the mechanical performance of the printed metamaterial to variations in the thickness of internal and exterior elements in detail.
Network Effects in Blau Space: Imputing Social Context from Survey Data

We develop a method of imputing ego network characteristics for respondents in probability samples of individuals. This imputed network uses the homophily principle to estimate certain properties o...
Combining Dispersion Modeling and Monitoring Data for Community-Scale Air Quality Characterization

Spatially and temporally resolved air quality characterization is critical for community-scale exposure studies and for developing future air quality mitigation strategies. Monitoring-based assessments can characterize local air quality when enough monitors are deployed. However, modeling plays a vital role in furthering the understanding of the relative contributions of emissions sources impacting the community. In this study, we combine dispersion modeling and measurements from the Kansas City TRansportation local-scale Air Quality Study (KC-TRAQS) and use data fusion methods to characterize air quality. The KC-TRAQS study produced a rich dataset using both traditional and emerging measurement technologies. We used dispersion modeling to support field study design and analysis. In the study design phase, the presumptive placement of fixed monitoring sites and mobile monitoring routes have been corroborated using a research screening tool C-PORT to assess the spatial and temporal coverage relative to the entire study area extent. In the analysis phase, dispersion modeling was used in combination with observations to help interpret the KC-TRAQS data. We extended this work to use data fusion methods to combine observations from stationary, mobile measurements, and dispersion model estimates.
Teaching Autonomous Systems at 1/10th-scale: Design of the F1/10 Racecar, Simulators and Curriculum

Teaching autonomous systems is challenging because it is a rapidly advancing cross-disciplinary field that requires theory to be continually validated on physical platforms. For an autonomous vehicle (AV) to operate correctly, it needs to satisfy safety and performance properties that depend on the operational context and interaction with environmental agents, which can be difficult to anticipate and capture. This paper describes a senior undergraduate level course on the design, programming and racing of 1/10th-scale autonomous race cars. We explore AV safety and performance concepts at the limits of perception, planning, and control, in a highly interactive and competitive environment. The course includes an ethics-centered design philosophy, which seeks to engage the students in an analysis of ethical and socio-economic implications of autonomous systems. Our hypothesis is that $1/10th-scale autonomous vehicles sufficiently capture the scaled dynamics, sensing modalities, decision making and risks of real autonomous vehicles, but are a safe and accessible platform to teach the foundations of autonomous systems. We describe the design, deployment and feedback from two offerings of this class for college seniors and graduate students, open-source community development across 36 universities, international racing competitions, student skill enhancement and employability, and recommendations for tailoring it to various settings.
Female Victims of Police Justifiable Homicide

This paper provides an analysis of characteristics of Police Justifiable Homicide (PJH) events with female victims, including a comparison with a sample of male victims of PJH. Cases were identifie...
Frequency-Independent Antennas

Antennas which theoretically have no limitation on the bandwidth are called frequency independent. In practice, the lower frequency limit is determined by the size of the antenna; the upper frequency limit, by the precision of construction. Actually, the electrical performance is not strictly independent of frequency, rather it is periodic with the logarithm of the frequency. Hence these antennas are called logarithmically periodic, log-periodic, or simply LP antennas. Some, which have the shape of equiangular spirals, are called logarithmic spirals,or log-spirals.
Provider-Level Variation in Treatment Planning of Radiation Oncology Procedures in the United States.

PURPOSE:Variation in the use of radiation oncology procedures and technologies is poorly characterized. We sought to identify associations between the treatment planning codes used to bill for radi...
Aversive Stress Reduces Mu Opioid Receptor Expression in the Intercalated Nuclei of the Rat Amygdala

The amygdala plays an important role in the integration of responses to noxious and fearful stimuli. Sensory information from many systems is integrated in the lateral and basolateral amygdala and transmitted to the central amygdala, the major output nucleus of the amygdala regulating both motor and emotional responses. The network of intercalated cells (ITC) which surrounds the lateral and basolateral amygdala and serves to modulate information flow from the lateral amygdala to the central nucleus, express a very high local concentration of mu-type opioid receptors. Loss of the ITC neurons impairs fear extinction. We demonstrate here that exposure of rats to a severe stress experience resulted in a marked downregulation of the level of expression of mu opioid receptors in the ITC nuclei over a period of at least 24 h after the end of the stress exposure. The endogenous opioid dynorphin is also expressed in the central and ITC nuclei of the amygdala. Following stress exposure, we also observed an increase in the expression in the more lateral regions of the central amygdala of pro-dynorphin mRNA and a peptide product of pro-dynorphin with known affinity for mu opioid receptors. It is possible that the downregulation of mu receptors in ITC neurons after stress may result from sustained activation and internalization of mu receptors following a stress-induced increase in the release of endogenous opioid peptides.
Relationship of Serum Cryoglobulins and Their Composition to Glomerulonephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

For nearly a quarter-century, glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been the prototype of immune complex-mediated renal injury in man. Through investigation in many laboratories, most notably that of Dr. Henry Kunkel at The Rockefeller University, steady progress in our understanding has ensued. Certain important issues remain to be clarified. As a sign of sustained interest and vigor in this area, new observations continue to force changes in thinking about the mechanisms operant in this type of tissue injury. Therefore, it is appropriate to review briefly the lines of evidence which are important in the evolution of current concepts, and which may be relevant to interpretation of the experimental data obtained by immunochemical analysis of cryoprecipitates.
She'll Settle It: Judges, Their Sex, and the Disposition of Personal Injury Cases in Federal District Courts

This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the influence that judges have on the method by which personal injury cases are terminated in federal district courts. By focusing on four district courts, I find that the sex of a judge has an effect on how cases are disposed of. The findings reveal that female judges are more likely to dispose of cases by settlement than their male colleagues. These results provide a significant addition to the literature that argues that females behave differently than males while serving on the judiciary and should also provide insight into judicial decision making at the case management stage in trial courts.
A Case of Mistaken Identity: Genetic and Anatomical Evidence Reveals the Cryptic Invasion of Xenopus tropicalis in Central Florida

Nonnative species are drivers of global change, affecting biodiversity and burdening society with economic costs. Effective management of an invasion relies on the ability to make accurate predictions about the target species' spread and impact. This requires knowledge of the target species' biology, making taxonomic validation critical. Even so, external morphology is still widely used to determine the species identity of novel invaders. Here, we show that a nonnative pipid frog population in Riverview, Florida, USA, initially identified as African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis), is a cryptic invasion of Tropical Clawed Frog (Xenopus tropicalis) and the only known nonnative population of this species. We used DNA sequence data and osteology from high-resolution microcomputed tomography to confirm this identification. Furthermore, we conducted field surveys to delineate the population's invaded range in Florida. We detected the presence of adult X. tropicalis at 22 sites and larvae at a subset of 12 sites, representing an occupied area of approximately 1,630 ha. Differing body size and physiology of these two species of Xenopus suggest considerable differences in their impact, spread, and potential geographic range.
A Case of Psychosis Due to Acute Hypocalcemia From Hypoparathyroidism

A 61-year-old female with past medical history of depression, hypoparathyroidism (hypoPtH), and hypothyroidism had disappeared from her home and was found wandering a few hours away with persecutory delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations. Serum calcium (Ca) was 6.3 mg/dL (range 8.6–10.2), albumin 3.7 g/dL (range 3.5–5.2) and ionized Ca 0.89 mmol/L (range 1.12–1.30). She was admitted and treated with Ca and calcitriol. Work-up for altered mental status was negative except for hypocalcemia (hypoCa) and scattered bilateral basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) with cortical and subcortical frontal lobe calcifications on CT. Psychiatry diagnosed delirium due to hypoCa. Acute psychosis resolved once Ca levels improved. Diagnosis of idiopathic hypoPtH was in 1997. Her regimen included Ca citrate 1500mg daily and 10 mcg of Forteo twice daily. She had skipped her medications for at least 2 days prior to presentation. Her medical records revealed that she was seen for severe depression, progressive gait abnormalities, slowed movements, and imbalance, in 2015. CT scan and MRI brain showed BGC. Her son gave a history of multiple admissions for psychosis, violence, delusions with agitation, and wandering at times when the patient was hypoCa, which was diagnosed as schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric disturbances are commonly associated with hypercalcemia. Review of literature found a few case reports of psychosis and hypoPtH 1,2 BGC is common in hypoPtH. Psychotic symptoms due to BGC include auditory hallucinations, delusions of influence, paranoid states, and complex perceptual distortions.3,5 HypoCa is associated with cognitive impairment. Neurological manifestations tend to improve with Ca correction, but psychiatric symptoms do not improve substantially.4,5 Further studies are needed in hypoPtH with BGC to appropriately diagnose organic psychosis. This is important in management of the vicious cycle of psychiatric illness leading to noncompliance resulting in psychosis. Prevention of BGC will play a key role. References: 1. Finan M, Axelband J. This is your brain on calcium: psychosis as the presentation of isolated hypoparathyroidism. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32:945.e1-4. 2. Ang AW, Ko SM, Tan CH. Calcium, magnesium, and psychotic symptoms in a girl with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Psychosom Med. 1995;57:299–302. 3. Burns K, Brodaty H. Fahr’s disease and psychosis. In: Sachdev PS, Keshavan MS, editors. Secondary schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University; 2010. p. 358–66. 4. Maiti A, Chatterjee S. Neuropsychiatric manifestations and their outcomes in chronic hypocalcaemia. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111:174–7. 5. Amara A, Novais C, Coelho M, Silva A, Curral R, Brandao I, Torres A. Organic psychosis due to hypoparathyroidism in an older adult: a case report. Braz. J. Psychiatry; 2016; 38(4)
Rationale for the Essential Components of Physical Education

Purpose: This introductory article provides the context and rationale for conducting systematic literature reviews on each of the essential components of physical education, including policy and environment, curriculum, appropriate instruction, and student assessment. Methods: Four research teams from Doctoral Physical Education Teacher Education programs (D-PETE) conducted these systematic reviews using the PRISMA guidelines process. Results: This article explains the role of the national framework for increasing physical education and physical activity (i.e., Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program) in supporting the essential components of physical education. It also highlights the expectations for physical education and provides a brief history of these components. Lastly, this article highlights each of the articles presented in the special feature. Conclusion: Understanding the implementation of these components may be important for improving the physical education experience for all students and creating a foundation for lifelong physical activity and health.