cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biotinylation of Peptides/Proteins using Biocytin Hydrazide

Biocytin hydrazide is widely used to biotinylate the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. In this study, however, biocytin hydrazide was found to be able to directly biotinylate peptides and proteins. This phenomenon may cause false identification of non-glycopeptides/non-glycoproteins as glycopeptides/ glycoproteins. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the reaction ofpeptides/proteins with biocytin hydrazide. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to analyze the biotinylation reaction between peptides/proteins and biocytin hydrazide. Peptides/proteins were reacted with biocytin hydrazide in diverse solvent systems with different biocytin hydrazide concentrations for up to 96 h at temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 65 °C. Singly biotinylated or multiply biotinylated peptides/proteins are observed. The efficiency of the biotinylation reaction increases with higher temperature, higher biocytin hydrazide concentration, or longer reaction time. The influence of buffer pH on the biotinylation reaction ofpeptides/proteins is less pronounced. The biotinylation efficiency is optimum at neutral pH. Data suggests that the peptides are biotinylated as efficiently as proteins. The observation that peptides/proteins condense only with biocytin hydrazide, 2-iminobiotin hydrazide, adipic dihydrazide and phenyl hydrazine but not with biocytin HCl and 2-iminobiotin, indicates that the biotinylation reaction ofpeptides/proteins occurs with the hydrazide moiety but not with biotin moiety of the biotinylated reagent. The postsource decay data of biotinylated P 14 R indicates that biocytin hydrazide condenses with the guanidino group ofarginine's side chain of P 14 R, indicating that besides N-terminal and lysine residue ofpeptides/proteins, arginine residue is capable of reacting with biocytin hydrazide.
Patient selection for radical prostatectomy

Reduced patient morbidity and broadened surgical experience have increased the use of radical prostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate. Urologists generally agree that patients with palpable lesions confined within the prostate are suitable candidates for the procedure. Ninety-one percent of patients with clinical Stage B1 tumors treated at the University of Utah are alive and free of disease at five years, but this figure decreases to 52 percent at ten years. For Stage B2 tumors, five- and ten-year disease-free survival figures are 81 and 50 percent, respectively. Increasing enthusiasm for radical prostatectomy in patients with Stage A1 tumors is based on a projected 8-18 percent possibility of disease progression. On the other hand, the likelihood that Stage A1 patients will not progress, the inability to predict accurately the small group of patients in whom problems will develop, and the probability that radical prostatectomy does not cure all patients who are at risk for progression argue against radical surgery for most Stage A1 patients. There is little rationale for surgery alone in patients with known extracapsular tumor extension when surgical margins are likely to be positive. Whether adjuvant radiation treatment or hormonal therapy will improve results is uncertain, but appropriate clinical trials to answer these questions have been initiated.
Pharmacogenetics predictive of response and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a relatively rare disease in adults accounting for no more than 20% of all cases of acute leukemia. By contrast with the pediatric population, in whom significant improvements in long term survival and even cure have been achieved over the last 30 years, adult ALL remains a significant challenge. Overall survival in this group remains a relatively poor 20–40%. Modern research has focused on improved pharmacokinetics, novel pharmacogenetics and personalized principles to optimize the efficacy of the treatment while reducing toxicity. Here we review the pharmacogenetics of medications used in the management of patients with ALL, including l -asparaginase, glucocorticoids, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, vincristine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Incorporating recent pharmacogenetic data, mainly from pediatric ALL, will provide novel perspective of predicting response and toxicity in both pediatric and adult ALL therapies.
Synchronization of motor unit firings: an epiphenomenon of firing rate characteristics not common inputs

Synchronous motor unit firing instances have been attributed to anatomical inputs shared by motoneurons. Yet, there is a lack of empirical evidence confirming the notion that common inputs elicit synchronization under voluntary conditions. We tested this notion by measuring synchronization between motor unit action potential trains (MUAPTs) as their firing rates progressed within a contraction from a relatively low force level to a higher one. On average, the degree of synchronization decreased as the force increased. The common input notion provides no empirically supported explanation for the observed synchronization behavior. Therefore, we investigated a more probable explanation for synchronization. Our data set of 17,546 paired MUAPTs revealed that the degree of synchronization varies as a function of two characteristics of the motor unit firing rate: the similarity and the slope as a function of force. Both are measures of the excitation of the motoneurons. As the force generated by the muscle increases, the firing rate slope decreases, and the synchronization correspondingly decreases. Different muscles have motor units with different firing rate characteristics and display different amounts of synchronization. Although this association is not proof of causality, it consistently explains our observations and strongly suggests further investigation. So viewed, synchronization is likely an epiphenomenon, subject to countless unknown neural interactions. As such, synchronous firing instances may not be the product of a specific design and may not serve a specific physiological purpose. Our explanation for synchronization has the advantage of being supported by empirical evidence, whereas the common input does not.
Strengthen the Mental Health Impact of Our Schools

(1961). Strengthen the Mental Health Impact of Our Schools. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 25-27.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Psychosocial Intervention Program for Young Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Objective To describe the development, pilot testing, and dissemination of a psychosocial intervention addressing concerns of young breast cancer survivors (YBCS). Methods Intervention development included needs assessment with community organizations and interviews with YBCS. Based on evidence-based models of treatment, the intervention included tools for managing anxiety, fear of recurrence, tools for decision-making, and coping with sexuality/relationship issues. After pilot testing in a university setting, the program was disseminated to two community clinical settings. Results The program has two distinct modules (anxiety management and relationships/sexuality) that were delivered in two sessions; however, due to attrition, an all day workshop evolved. An author constructed questionnaire was used for pre- and post-intervention evaluation. Post-treatment scores showed an average increase of 2.7 points on a 10 point scale for the first module, and a 2.3 point increase for the second module. Qualitative feedback surveys were also collected. The two community sites demonstrated similar gains among their participants. Conclusions The intervention satisfies an unmet need for YBCS and is a possible model of integrating psychosocial intervention with oncology care. Practice implications This program developed standardized materials which can be disseminated to other organizations and potentially online for implementation within community settings.
IgG4-related lung disease: a case series of 6 patients and review of the literature.

IgG4 related disease has been recently proposed as a unifying term for a group of inflammatory conditions previously referred to by a plethora of other names. The common denominator for these entities is the histopathologic finding of lymphocytic infiltrates rich in IgG4 producing plasma cells, often accompanied by storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. Many medical conditions have been attributed to IgG4-related disease,but few reports of IgG4-related lung disease have been published, and it remains a rare condition about which little is known. In this report, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of six patients with IgG4-related disease of the lung. Patients were followed 1 - 5 years following their diagnosis. We describe unique features of IgG4- related lung disease, including one patient who presented with alveolar hemorrhage and a positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and two patients whose disease improved after treatment with mycophenylate mofetil. Two patients presented with pulmonary pseudotumor. We conclude that the clinical presentation of IgG4-related lung disease varies widely, and histopathology remains the key to diagnosis.
Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of europium(III) chloride in 3LiCl-2KCl from 643 to 1123 K.

The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of europium(III) chloride in a molten salt eutectic, 3LiCl–2KCl, over a temperature range of 643–1123 K using differential pulse voltammetry,...
The signals that drive kidney development: a view from the fly eye.

Purpose of review Development of the mammalian kidney is a complex process involving numerous signals and signaling pathways. Other complex tissues have benefited enormously from studies in lower, simpler organisms. The present review provides an update on what we have learned from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and argues that Drosophila is an important but under-utilized organism for study of renal development. Recent findings The Malpighian tubules provide renal function to the fly. These require a number of signaling pathways for their development that are also seen in vertebrate kidney development, including the Notch, Ras, and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as nuclear factors such as Kruppel and Cut/Cux-1. Many of these factors are shared between early Malpighian tubule development and ureteric bud formation. The Ret signaling receptor, which is central to mammalian renal development, is poorly understood in flies, although its expression pattern is intriguing. Surprisingly, other signaling factors such as Neph-1, Pax2, and Wilms' tumor suppressor-1 appear to work within later fly retinal development, providing a surprising link between these two disparate tissues. Summary Drosophila offers a powerful palate of tools for dissecting developmental processes. Importantly, these tools can often be examined at the level of single cells, permitting us to address issues of differentiation with high resolution. If we are to take full advantage of Drosophila, however, then we must target specific issues and gain a better understanding of the details of Malpighian tubule development.
The Impact of U.S. Immigration Policy on the Economic “Quality” of German and Austrian Immigrants in the 1930s

The results of this study are used to evaluate United States immigration policy during the 1930s. Under the “likely to become a public charge” clause (the LPC clause), consular officers were expect...
Possible Ultrasonic Receptors on Fleas

A previous morphological study of the trichobothria of the sensilium on the disto-dorsal surface of the flea abdomen has led us to surmise that these structures may serve as part of a flea-to-flea communication system using high frequency sound. Independent calculations based on the physical dimensions of the hair vs. the complex socket components of the sensory receptor indicate that the range of possible sound frequencies that can be transmitted or received is ca. 1 × 105 to 1 × 107 Hz.
Measurement of the Stark shift of the 6 s 2 S 1 / 2 → 7 p 2 P J transitions in atomic cesium

We report measurements of the Stark shift of the cesium $6s{\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7p{\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}$ and $6s{\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7p{\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$ transitions at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=456$ and 459 nm, respectively, in an atomic beam. From these, we determine the static scalar polarizability for both $7P$ states and the tensor polarizability for the $7{P}_{3/2}$ state. The fractional uncertainty of the scalar polarizabilities is $\ensuremath{\sim}$0.18%, while that of the tensor term is 0.66%. These measurements allow a precise determination of the reduced radial matrix elements $\ensuremath{\langle}7{P}_{1/2}||r||6{D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}=17.92\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}(3)\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}{a}_{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\langle}7{P}_{3/2}||r||6{D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}=24.28\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}(6)\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}{a}_{0}$, providing a sensitive test and critical confirmation of theoretical models of the Cs atom, which has played a central role in parity nonconservation measurements.
Self-Heating Measurement of 14-nm FinFET SOI Transistors Using 2-D Time-Resolved Emission

Self-heating of FinFET transistors is a reliability concern, especially for large devices with dense arrays of fins on Silicon On Insulator. In this paper, device-level temperature measurements acquired using an optical technique are presented. The 2-D time-resolved emission measurements through the substrate are used to monitor the temperature-dependent modulation of the OFF-state leakage current of individual transistors, noninvasively and with high time accuracy. Different device geometries and operating conditions are evaluated and compared.
Sequelae of Meningococcal Serogroup B Infection

Viner RM, Booy R, Johnson H, et al. Outcomes of invasive meningococcal serogroup B disease in children and adolescents (MOSAIC): a case-control study. Lancet Neurology. 2012; 11( 9): 774- 783; doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422)12)70180-1[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Researchers from University College London examined the long-term outcomes of pediatric serogroup B meningococcal disease (SBMD). They recruited children with meningococcal disease from a database containing 92% of reported meningococcal cases in England. Eligible cases were children who survived culture- or PCR-confirmed SBMD and were 1 month to 13 years of age at the time of disease. Cases and age- and gender-matched controls derived from the same physician practices. ### PICO Question: Among survivors of serogroup B meningococcal disease in childhood, what is the long-term disease burden? Question type: Prognosis Study design : Case control The primary outcomes of interest were the physical, psychological, and neurocognitive outcomes of cases 3 years after their illness. Major deficits were defined as intellectual disability (IQ <70), seizures, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss of ≥40 dB, disabling motor impairment (eg, amputation of part of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet.%2BNeurology%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%2BNeurol%26rft.aulast%253DViner%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D774%26rft.epage%253D783%26rft.atitle%253DOutcomes%2Bof%2Binvasive%2Bmeningococcal%2Bserogroup%2BB%2Bdisease%2Bin%2Bchildren%2Band%2Badolescents%2B%2528MOSAIC%2529%253A%2Ba%2Bcase-control%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS1474-4422%252812%252970180-1%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22863608%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70180-1&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22863608&link_type=MED&atom=%2Faapgrand%2F29%2F3%2F25.atom
Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of group A rotavirus G3 isolated in Harbin

Objective:In order to research and develop rotavirus vaccine in Northeast of China,the differences of VP7 rotavirus amino acid sequences between G3 Harbin Strain and the others were studied.Methods: Through one-step RT-PCR,the cDNA fragment of VP7 protein from 6 Harbin Rotavirus Strains was obtained.After that,amplification,clone and sequencing were carried out.Finally,DNASTAR software was used to analyze the products.Results: The VP7 protein of 6 Harbin Strains had high percentages(99.4%～100%)of amino acid homology;had 94.2% amino acid homology of G3 Crw-8;and had greater different between G1/G2/G4 standard strain(75.2%～82.2%).The changes of amino acid sequence of these Harbin Rotavirus Strains at aa108,aa266,aa268,aa278 were absolutely same.Conclusion: 6 pieces of G3 Rotavirus Harbin Strain had the same root.
The rodent density and effect of deratization in military barrack

Objective To investigate rodent density and evaluate effect of killing in barrack of Jinan military.Methods Throwing wheat poison bait of 0.005% bromadiolone for 4-5 days,powder trace method was used to make sure the rodent density and the effect of killing rodent.Results The rodent density was investigated in different sites in 21 units.The rate of positive rooms was 2.5%,the positive rate of powder trace method was 6.2%.The rodent density of 18 units were more than the national standard before killing.The rodent density was highest in the guest house(12.0%).The rodent density of other place of dining room and kitchen was 9.2%,warehouse and garage was 8.4% and aside the wall was 8.2%.The rodent killing rate was 100% in 5 units and 90% in 3 units after throwing 0.005% Bromadiolone in evaluating 10 units.Conclusion The rodent density can be controlled at lower level in barrack of Jinan military with killing rat work through several years.
Analysis on adult mosquito density, distribution in different areas of Dongying in 2012

Objective To verify the population dynamics of adult mosquito in different ecological environment of Dongying, to provide scientific basis for mosquito control. Methods Detected mosquitos in three different ecological environments using CO2 ultraviolet light trap ruled by national standard. Identified mosquitoes and analyzed the data with SPSS17.0 software to find the law.Results There was an obvious seasonal peak for different mosquito and different environment, and the peak mostly happened in July and August. The proportion of mosquito was different, in which culex pipiens pallens was the main species. The constituent ratio of culex pipiens pallens was 81.4% in residential area, 59.5% in park, and 39.8% in sophora japonica, which had obvious meaning in statistics(P0.01). The amount of aedes vexans was 27.0%, which was less than culex pipiens pallens in sophora japonica. Forest aedes albopictus, culex tritaeniorhynchus and anopheles sinensis were also found in three environments, but with low density.Conclusion Different ecological environment breeds different mosquito. Controlling work should base on ecological habitat of mosquito and be targeted.
All-quad meshing without cleanup

We present an all-quad meshing algorithm for general domains. We start with a strongly balanced quadtree. In contrast to snapping the quadtree corners onto the geometric domain boundaries, we move them away from the geometry. Then we intersect the moved grid with the geometry. The resulting polygons are converted into quads with midpoint subdivision. Moving away avoids creating any flat angles, either at a quadtree corner or at a geometryquadtree intersection. We are able to handle two-sided domains, and more complex topologies than prior methods. The algorithm is provably correct and robust in practice. It is cleanup-free, meaning we have angle and edge length bounds without the use of any pillowing, swapping, or smoothing. Thus, our simple algorithm is fast and predictable. This paper has better quality bounds, and the algorithm is demonstrated over more complex domains, than our prior version.
Operationalizing Social Work Science Through Research–Practice Partnerships: Lessons From Implementation Science

Recent efforts to identify and promote a distinct science for the discipline of social work have led to an ongoing debate regarding the nature and function of such a science. Central to this debate...
Adding some muscle to blood coagulation.

In this issue of Blood , [Deguchi et al][1] have established a mechanism by which skeletal muscle promotes thrombin generation through binding of factor Xa and factor Va to myosin.[1][2] ![Figure][3] Model of prothrombinase assembly on myosin. Factor Xa and factor Va can colocalize on
AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE BOYS: EARLY CHILDHOOD RISK AND RESILIENCE AMIDST CONTEXT AND CULTURE

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescent and adult men experience a range of health disparities relative to their non-AIAN counterparts and AIAN women. Given the relatively limited literature on early development in tribal contexts, however, indicators of risk during early childhood specific to AIAN boys are not well-known. The current article reviews sources of strength and challenge within AIAN communities for AIAN children in general, including cultural beliefs and practices that support development, and contextual challenges related to socioeconomic and health disparities and historical trauma affecting the AIAN population as a whole. The research literature on early development is reviewed, highlighting what this literature reveals about early gender differences. The article concludes with calls to action on behalf of AIAN boys that align with each of the five tiers of R. Frieden's (2010) Public Health Pyramid.
Complexity Integration, Ecocritical Analysis, and Gary Snyder Studies

George R. Stewart began his 1941 novel, Storm, with a quote from Sir Napier Shaw, who wrote in his Manual of Meteorology: Every theory of the course of events in nature is necessarily based on some...
Nutrition (Micronutrients) in Child Growth and Development: A Systematic Review on Current Evidence, Recommendations and Opportunities for Further Research.

ABSTRACT:Objective:An important aspect of malnutrition is deficiency of different micronutrients during pregnancy or early childhood. We systematically reviewed the role of nutrition in child growth (weight or height gain) and development.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was done on PubMed/
Introducing a New Database of 19th Century Railroads Before Cowles and Macaulay

This paper describes an effort to extend the record of US stock market returns past the 1871 terminus of the Cowles (1938) data familiar from Schiller (2015). I combined the archival data supplied by Goetzmann, Ibbotson and Peng (2001) with data supplied by Sylla, Wilson and Wright (2006), and added newly compiled data from contemporary 19th century periodicals to create a monthly index of railroad stock prices from 1831 through 1870. Dividends and capitalization were added to these price series by utilizing other 19th century publications by Poor (1860) and Martin (1871). The result is a new index of the total return received by investors from holding most of the largest US stocks during the period. A feature of the new index is the incorporation of stock dividends and other non-cash distributions into total return, elements historically neglected because difficult to locate and evaluate. In combination with Cowles’ data, the new index highlights differences that distinguish the outcomes of 19th century US stock market investing from more recent 20th century investment outcomes. [This paper has been superseded by later work. See revision notes that follow this Abstract.] Appendices A, B, and C to this paper have been uploaded here respectively: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3039146 http://ssrn.com/abstract=3039163 http://ssrn.com/abstract=3039180 .
Prognostic Relation Between Severity of Diabetes Mellitus (On or Off Insulin) ± Chronic Kidney Disease with Cardiovascular Risk After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

The presence of either diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a worse prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is also known that outcomes in patients treated with insulin (insulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus [ITDM]) are worse than those who are not on insulin (non–insulin type 2 diabetes mellitus [NITDM]). We sought to compare long-term outcomes in patients who underwent PCI with varying severity of DM with and without CKD. We retrospectively studied 17,898 patients who underwent PCI from January 2009 to December 2014 in the Mount Sinai Cath Lab. Patients were categorized into groups by the presence or the absence of CKD and by the DM status (none, NITDM, or ITDM). In the absence of CKD, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for death or myocardial infarction associated with NITDM and ITDM were 1.65 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.67) and 3.78 (95% CI 2.23 to 6.40), respectively. Analogous risks in the presence of CKD were 3.34 (95% CI 1.99 to 5.61) and 6.26 (95% CI 3.84 to 10.2). This study shows that irrespective of renal status, the need for insulin in the setting of DM identifies a group with substantial risk of death or myocardial infarction at 1 year.
Transfer in SDS of biotinylated proteins from acrylamide gels to an avidin-coated membrane filter.

Avidin was covalently linked to aldehyde-derivatized polyethersulfone membrane filters. These filters were used in Western blot analysis of proteins reacted with biotinylation reagents and electrop...
Wolfenbüttel, a Minor German Duchy But a Major Center of Cryptology in the Early Modern Period

This paper proposes to highlight cryptographic activities from 1540 to about 1680 at a small duchy—Brunswick-Luneburg in northern Germany, not too far from Hanover. The analysis shall proceed chronologically and present some relevant examples from the 16 th century before focusing on the most important German cryptological author of his time, Duke August the Younger (1579-1666). His 1624 book of 493 pages, Cryptomenytices et Cryptographiae Libri IX [1] (Ill. 1) [DS1] became the cryptological standard work of the 17 th century and will be the focus of this paper. Some interesting cryptograms of his successors and a totally surprising, new authorship of the duke’s handbook around 1900 will round out this analysis. *Paper presented at the Third European Historical Ciphers Colloquium from May 15-17, 2017, at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Smolenice Castle near Bratislava. [1] Luneburg: Gebruder Stern 1624. Duke August published the folio-size book under the pseudonym of “Gustavus Selenus“—“Gustavus“ is easily recognized as an anagram of “Augustus“ while “Selenus“ refers to the lunar goddess Selene and plays upon the name “Luneburg“ or “Lunaeburg,“ the “lunar“ or “moon castle“ where the work was printed. See Strasser: “Duke August the Younger of Brunswick-Luneburg (Gustavus Selenus) and His Cryptological Activities.“ In: Cryptologia 7 (1983), 193-217. [DS1] Old No. 3
Implementation of Recommended Tobacco Cessation Systems in Dental Practices: A Qualitative Exploration in Northeastern North Carolina

Every year, cigarettes and other tobacco products cause nearly one in five deaths in the U.S., but many smokers report not being advised to quit by their health care providers. Dentists have an important role to play in tobacco cessation, but more research is needed about the extent of and barriers to implementation in dental practices. The aims of this study were to assess the extent to which dental practices in northeastern North Carolina were implementing the recommended U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline, to understand policies about smoking in dental practice settings, and to identify barriers to implementation of recommended systems. In the 252 telephone area code, which covers northeastern North Carolina, 75 general dentists were identified from the American Dental Association website and purposely selected for geographic, gender, race, and practice size diversity from the sampling frame. The 11 dentists who agreed to participate (seven male, four female) took part in 15-minute semi-structured interviews by phone in January-March 2017. The interview transcripts were thematically coded for adherence to the PHS guideline. The results showed that full implementation of the guideline and the 5As was limited, although asking, advising, and assessing about tobacco use was consistently present in these dental practices. Other recommendations, particularly designation of a staff member as coordinator, were not implemented. In terms of barriers, interviewees reported very limited past or present training for themselves or their staff members. This study found meaningful levels of adherence to the tobacco cessation guideline in this area with high smoking prevalence; but the results suggest room for improvement in training through both dental curricula and continuing education.
Attack detection and secure estimation under false data injection attack in cyber-physical systems

In this paper, secure, remote estimation of a linear time-varying Gaussian process via observations at multiple sensors is considered. Such a framework is relevant to many cyberphysical systems and internet-of-things applications. Sensors make sequential measurements that are shared with a fusion center; the fusion center applies a form of optimal filtering to make its estimates. The challenge is the presence of malicious sensors which can inject anomalous observations to skew the estimates at the fusion center. The set of malicious sensors may be time-varying. The problems of malicious sensor detection and secure estimation are considered. First, a novel detector to detect injection attack on an unknown sensor subset is developed. Next, an algorithm for secure estimation is proposed. The proposed estimation scheme uses a novel filtering and learning algorithm, where an optimal filter is learnt over time by using the sensor observations in order to filter out malicious sensor observations while retaining other sensor measurements. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Adult soft tissue sarcoma and time to treatment initiation: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

BACKGROUND The primary goal of this investigation is to determine the current national standards for time to treatment initiation (TTI) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Additionally, we aim to identify the variables affecting TTI variability in STS. METHODS An analysis of the National Cancer Database identified 41 529 patients diagnosed with STS between 2004 and 2013. Kruskall-Wallis tests identified differences between covariates regarding TTI. Negative binomial regression models identified variables that independently influenced TTI, and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS The median TTI was 22.0 days and the mean TTI was 29.7 days. Longer TTI was correlated with transitions in care between institutions (Incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.76; P 5 cm (IRR = 0.93; P $63 000 (IRR = 0.95; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The median TTI in the United States for STS is 22 days. Increased TTI in STS are associated with tumor and treatment characteristics, socio-economic factors and hospital systems issues. Transitions in care between institutions are responsible for the greatest increases.
Overcoming Fragmented Professionalism? Accountability for Improvement in Teacher Preparation in Italy

This paper proposes the idea of ‘fragmented professionalism’ in order to understand how Italian teachers learn to teach throughout their careers and how this aspect of the profession has changed in recent decades. Drawing on a concept of ‘externally driven professionalism’, in which behaviours are stimulated by regulations and other institutional influences, I will trace the recent political orientation in this field. Fragmentation can be understood either in terms of a lack of specific initial preparation or of diversity in this provision, as well as a lack of or inconsistency in the continuous professional development of teachers in schools. This analysis will consider policy trends emerging from two key policy documents issued by the Ministry of Instruction, Education and Univeristies (MIUR): Plan for Teacher Training 2016–2019 and Law 377 on reordering, adapting and simplifying ITT and access to secondary school teaching positions to place greater social and professional value on the teaching profession. I aim to investigate how externally driven professionalism may be oriented either towards coherence or fragmentation, and how accountability may act as a major contextual force. The research question is twofold: Which institutional patterns, structures and processes are the major determinants of externally driven professionalism in Italy, and how can these be assessed?
Myc Target Genes in Cell Proliferation and Programmed Cell Death

In the previous chapters, we reviewed the dissection of the c-Myc molecule and its structural organization that typifies a transcription factor. c-Myc function is regulated by a complicated network of proteins that developed through millions of years of evolution and is likely to include a large repertoire of interacting proteins. Yet, the mechanism by which c-Myc or its retroviral counterpart v-Myc transforms cells remains largely unknown. Clues to the molecular basis of c-Myc mediated cellular transformation may be revealed by studies that attempt to identify target genes and events linking the deregulated expression of Myc and transformed phenotypes.
Bio-Inspired Artificial Red Blood Cell: Design, Pre-Clinical Results and Novel Indications

In blood, the primary role of RBCs is to transport oxygen and to regulate regional blood flow distribution, via highly regulated mechanisms. In the setting of exsanguinating haemorrhage or severe anemia, RBC loss may critically restrict tissue oxygenation and result in morbidity and mortality. In such cases, transfusion of whole blood or RBCs can significantly improve survival. However, blood products including RBCs have limited availability and portability and present additional challenges related to type matching, pathogenic contamination risks, and short shelf-life. These issues lead to substantial logistical barriers to their pre-hospital use or in austere battlefield and remote civilian conditions. To date, efforts to develop hemoglobin (Hb) based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have failed, because of design flaws which do not preserve physiologic interactions of Hb with: O2 (they capture O2 in lungs, but do not release O2 effectively to tissue) and nitric oxide (NO) (they trap NO, causing vasoconstriction). While robust efforts are underway to resolve these issues, recent research breakthroughs have led to bio-inspired engineering of RBC surrogates, using various cross-linked, polymeric and encapsulated Hb in the form of ‘bio-synthetic RBC surrogates’. These ‘next-generation’ Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) can potentially provide therapeutic oxygenation when whole blood or RBC are not available. This talk will comprehensively review both historical and new HBOC designs, including current state-of-the-art and novel bio-inspired artificial RBC designs in development, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges in this field. Disclosures Doctor: Biogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Fresenius Kabi: Honoraria; KaloCyte, Inc.: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Etiometry: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Gastric Bypass Reversal

Reversal of gastric bypass is increasingly been done for multiple reasons including excessive weight loss, dumping syndrome, postprandial hypoglycemia, or as a step to convert bypass to sleeve or duodenal switch. It is a technically challenging procedure with increased rate of complications. It is feasible to be performed through minimally invasive techniques, but patients should be counseled regarding the increased rates of complications, high incidence of weight regain, and persistence of symptoms. This chapter reviews the indications, technical considerations, and outcomes of gastric bypass reversal.
Benefits of a joint health sciences practicum for students in library and information sciences: a case report

Background: A joint practicum gives library and information science (LIS) students the opportunity to compare two health sciences libraries’ structures and workflows. The goal of this case report is to describe how a joint health sciences practicum can help LIS students and recent graduates develop skills that may be beneficial for their future positions in health sciences or other libraries. Case Presentation: Six participants in a joint health sciences library practicum underwent two interviews: the first interview focused on their practicum experiences, and the second interview sought to determine whether the participants had found employment and were using any skills in their new positions that they acquired during their practicums. Participants gave mostly positive feedback regarding their practicum experiences and expressed openness to applying for health sciences library positions. Although the participants who found employment did not work in health sciences libraries, their practicum projects served as supporting materials for their job applications, and they were using the skills they had gained from their practicums in their new positions. Conclusions: While most joint practicum participants were not working in a health sciences library, the practicum was beneficial to their new careers. This case report highlights that a joint health sciences practicum program can be beneficial in showing LIS students different approaches to health sciences librarianship.
Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Jiangxi Province, 2010 -2014

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2014 and to provide a reference for malaria control in the whole province. Methods Data on malaria cases in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2014 were collected through the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the area distribution, time distribution and population distribution of the malaria cases. Results A total of 218 malaria cases were reported from 2010 to 2014 in the province, with an annual mean incidence of 0.097 3/100 000. One dead case was reported with a fatality rate of 0.46%(1/218). Of all 11 prefectures and 100 counties (cities, districts) in Jiangxi, 65 counties (cities, districts) reported malaria cases. The top three counties (cities, districts) of malaria cases were Qingshanhu (22), Nanchang (15) and Jinxian (13), totally accounting for 22.94% (50/218). The cases were reported through the whole year, without obvious seasonal peak. The ratio of male to female was 30.14∶1.00. The age of the cases mainly distributed around the ages of 20 -< 60 years, accounting for 94.49% (206/218). The peak appeared in 40-< 50 years group, accounting for 32.11% (70/218). The three major occupations of the cases were farmer, worker and migrant worker (131, 60.09%). The cases were mainly imported from Africa and Southeast Asia, whose proportion of imported cases was 76.19% (160/210) and 19.52% (41/210), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of malaria is stable with a slight increase in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2014. Control of imported malaria cases will be the main task in the future. Key words: Malaria; Epidemiological characteristics; Data collection
Radial Artery Puncture and Hemostasis

The transradial approach has been met with reluctance from some interventionalists due to technical challenges, anatomic constraints, and concerns regarding radial artery occlusion. This chapter will focus on best practices with regards to vascular access and hemostasis as it relates to “slender technique”, a colloquial term used to describe the minimally invasive transradial approach. Further emphasis will be specific to anatomical considerations, essential access techniques, TRA-specific equipment, and commonly encountered challenges and solutions. Finally, this chapter will review current literature, institutional variability, gaps in understanding, and future novel techniques to achieve rapid radial hemostasis.
Utilizing Change Management Principles to Establish Organizational Infrastructure and Operations That Drive Salary Equity

Salary equity initiatives require intentionality, vision, longitudinal planning, and fortitude. Organizations should employ change management models and techniques to create governance structures, anticipate and address responses to equity initiatives, communicate compensation philosophies and policies, and conduct data-driven assessments of current and future states. Rigorous salary studies are essential to identify baseline inequities and should be ongoing to ensure sustainability and forward movement in closing the pay gap. Making sure the data gathered are reliable and reproducible builds trust in the effort as does consistent communication about goals and progress. Assessing organizational culture and practices for implicit gender bias that fuels salary disparities is critical as is institutional financial commitment. Avoiding the temptation to fix everything and not allowing the enormity of the situation to distract from what can be done drive success. Overcoming processes that have been in place for decades will take time.
The role of genetic interactions in yeast quantitative traits

Genetic mapping studies of quantitative traits typically focus on detecting loci that contribute additively to trait variation. Genetic interactions are often proposed as a contributing factor to trait variation, but the relative contribution of interactions to trait variation is a subject of debate. Here, we use a very large cross between two yeast strains to accurately estimate the fraction of phenotypic variance due to pairwise QTL-QTL interactions for 20 quantitative traits. We find that this fraction is 9% on average, substantially less than the contribution of additive QTL (43%). Statistically significant QTL-QTL pairs typically have small individual effect sizes, but collectively explain 40% of the pairwise interaction variance. We show that pairwise interaction variance is largely explained by pairs of loci at least one of which has a significant additive effect. These results refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and help guide future mapping studies.
Trafficking in Trademarks: Setting Boundaries for the Uneasy Relationship Between 'Property' Rights and Trademark and Publicity Rights

The piece is concerned with the general problem of the relationship between property constructs on the one hand and trademark and right of publicity law on the other. More specifically, it deals with the need to establish workable boundaries for trademark law and related right of publicity claims. The issue is seen most clearly in connection with merchandising of the trademark or image itself. The approach to merchandising rights with respect both to trademarks and celebrity images has been needlessly complex and demands simplification. The Supreme Court' recent series of trademark opinions, with their strong admonition to restore and recognize the balance among the different intellectual property constructs, have provided the broad framework within which such simplification can be realized. Recognizing that trademark rights are essentially appurtenant, conditional rights, rather than self-sustaining property rights leads to the conclusion that trademark law cannot be the vehicle for enforcing claims arising out of the merchandising of the mark itself. In the same vein, the right of publicity, if properly understood and bounded, similarly is an appurtenant right, rather than an absolute exclusionary right in a name or image; that recognition accordingly precludes a publicity claim based solely on exploitation of the image itself without association with the user of the image. A focus on the fundamental nature of the underlying legal constructs of trademark law and of the cognate right of publicity allows application of a conceptual occam's razor, a simplification that sets the proper boundaries and balance.
Bartik Instruments: An Applied Introduction

This article provides an applied introduction to Bartik instruments. The instruments attempt to reduce familiar endogeneity concerns in differential exposure designs (e.g., panel regressions with unit and time fixed effects). They isolate treatment variation due to the differential impact of common shocks on units with distinct pre-determined exposures. As a result, the instruments are purged of variation driven by possibly confounded factors varying across units over time. Given their broad applicability, Bartik instruments promise to provide researchers with a versatile new tool in their empirical toolbox to investigate relevant accounting questions.
From Hot War to Cold Peace

This chapter traces a chronological shift of the relationship between the United States and Russia as World War II ended and the Cold War began. These political events provide a backdrop for the sense of urgency that computer developers felt as their technological innovations became critical components for US national security based on atomic weapons systems.
Physical Action Primitives for Collaborative Decision Making in Human-Human Manipulation

Human-human collaboration is characterized by a back-and-forth, where an action of one agent elicits the response of the other. This interaction is inherently multimodal and includes both high-level modalities such as language and low-level ones such as force exchanges. In this work, we investigate human collaborative manipulation: we show distinct patterns that can be identified in low-level physical data and that can be interpreted as primitives used by humans to negotiate about various aspects of the motion and to execute the motion. These primitives provide a high-level interpretation of the interaction and can be used to connect low-level behavior to language. We describe the human study used to collect the data, the data analysis process, and discuss how the identified primitives could be used by a robot’s interaction manager to mediate physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI).
Review of the monthly “Skyscape Archaeology Keynote Lecture Series” organised by the Journal of Skyscape Archaeology and the Sophia Centre, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, October 2020–March 2021

Review of the monthly “Skyscape Archaeology Keynote Lecture Series” organised by the Journal of Skyscape Archaeology and the Sophia Centre, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, October 2020–March 2021
When Is a Suicide Compensable under a Workmen's Compensation Statute?

THE facts on which the question of compensation for a suicide under a workmen's compensation statute arise are, in broad outline, as follows: the employee, after receiving injuries arising out of and in the course of the employment, finding convalescence slow or difficult, commits suicide. In some of these cases, the facts indicate with sufficient clearness that he had, at the time of killing himself, complete control over his actions, or, to put it another way, that, at the time, his acts were volitional. In other cases, the facts seem to indicate clearly enough that he was, at the time of the suicide, so completely insane as to have no volition. In some of this latter class of cases, the clearly indicated insanity has, as one of its manifestations, an uncontrollable impulse to commit suicide.