cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New developments concerning piezoelectric materials with defects

Abstract The problem of a piezoelectric body with an elliptic cavity is revisited within the frame-work of two-dimensional electro-elasticity. In contrast to our previous formulation, the present analysis is based on the use of exact electric boundary conditions at the rim of the hole, thus avoiding the common assumption of electric impermeability. Expressions for the elastic and electric variables induced inside and outside the cavity are derived in closed form in terms of complex potentials. Comparisons between present (exact) and previous (approximate) models are effected to establish the limitations associated with the assumption of the impermeable hole, in particular when it becomes a slit crack.
Fractal function, splines, intertwining multiresolution analysis, and wavelets

The construction of smooth, orthogonal compactly supported wavelets is accomplished using fractal interpolation functions and splines. These give rise to multiwavelets. In the latter case piecewise polynomial wavelets are exhibited using an intertwining multiresolution analysis.
Tear film rupture

Abstract It is shown theoretically that tear film rupture may be caused by the dispersion force with or without the assistance of gravity. Both the surface tension and viscosity of the tear are shown to be stabilizing factors.
Enrollment bias: frequency and impact on patient selection in endovascular stroke trials

Background Selection bias may have affected enrollment in first generation endovascular stroke trials. We investigate, evaluate, and quantify such bias for these trials at our institution. Methods Demographic, clinical, imaging, and angiographic data were prospectively collected on a consecutive cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were enrolled in formal trials of endovascular stroke therapy (EST) or received EST in clinical practice outside of a randomized trial for acute cerebral ischemia at a single tertiary referral center from September 2004 to December 2012. Results Among patients considered appropriate for EST in practice, 47% were eligible for trials, with rates for individual trials ranging from 17% to 70%. Compared with trial ineligible patients treated with EST, trial eligible patients were younger (67 vs 74 years; p Conclusions The majority of patients felt suitable for EST at our institution were excluded from recent trials. Formal entry criteria succeeded in selecting patients with better prognostic features, although many of these patients were treated outside of trials. Acknowledging and mitigating these biases will be crucial to ongoing investigations.
Convergence of Gradient-Type Methods on Singular Parameter Optimization Problems

The convergence properties of the gradient, conjugate gradient, and Davidon-Fletcher-Powell methods for the singular, finite-dimensional quadratic minimization problem are developed. It is shown that for all of the methods, except the gradient method, that the minimum is obtained in at most m iterates, where m is the dimension of the range of the Hessian matrix, as opposed to n >m iterates for nonsingular problems. A class of associated nonsingular quadratic problems is defined to show that the gradient method has slower convergence on singular problems than on corresponding nonsingular approximations to the singular problems while the conjugate direction methods have more rapid convergence. This implies that slow convergence attributed to singular problems is actually a property of the gradient method as opposed to the singularity of the problem.
Syntheses of Aluminosilicate Mesostructures with High Aluminum Content

Ordered aluminosilicate mesostructures having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio near 5 were prepared using a surfactant-templated synthesis. The solid structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption to determine pore volume and pore sizes, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermal desorption of a chemisorbed base to determine strong acid site density, and magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy for the 27Al and 29Si nuclei. We were successful in synthesizing a mesoporous aluminosilicate having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio near 5 when the source of the aluminum ion was Al hydroxide and the surfactant was cetyltrimethylammonium cation (C16TMA+). The uncalcined samples showed only tetrahedral aluminum as confirmed by 27Al MAS NMR. When the pH of the synthesis gel was 10.5, the mesostructure developed a pore volume of 0.59 cm3/g with an average pore diameter of 2.2 nm. The pore volume was less at pH values other then 10.5 (e.g., for pH 12.6 and 8.1, the pore volumes were 0.50 and 0.43 cm3/g, respe...
The Kilmann and Herden Model of Organizational Effectiveness Criteria for Small Business Managers

Kilmann and Herden hypothesized that the conceptualization of organizational effectiveness criteria would be a function of problem solving style. In a sample of 150 managers of small businesses, th...
Precision timing options for the Apple Macintosh family of computers

Several software development systems for the Macintosh are examined for their suitability for real-time control of experiments. New methods of millisecond resolution timing with Pascal and C languages are provided, along with routines for timing within BASIC with tick-level accuracy. Each of the routines presented here should work equally well with the Macintosh Plus, SE, and II, and with future models that Apple may introduce. A number of papers appearing in the last few years have focused on the expanding role of the Apple Macintosh microcomputer in the laboratory setting. It has been pointed out that the Macintosh offers advantages over many competing microcomputers because of its power­ ful built-in graphics routines and an easy user interface. A shortcoming of the Macintosh for use in research ap­ plications has been its lack of hardware expandability. Apple has provided a solution to this problem with the
Scalable, fault-tolerant management of Grid Services

The service-oriented architecture has come a long way in solving the problem of reusability of existing software resources. Grid applications today are composed of a large number of loosely coupled services. While this has opened up new avenues for building large, complex applications, it has made the management of the application components a nontrivial task. Use of services existing on different platforms, implemented in different languages and presence of variety of network constraints further complicates management. This paper investigates problems that emerge when there is a need to uniformly manage a set of distributed services. We present a scalable, fault-tolerant management framework. Our empirical evaluation shows that the architecture adds an acceptable number of additional resources for providing scalable, fault-tolerant management framework.
Modeling and Analysis for Beat-Frequency Current Sharing Issue in Multiphase Voltage Regulators

Under high-frequency repetitive load transients, multiphase voltage regulators (VRs) suffer from beat-frequency oscillations of the phase currents. To investigate this issue, this paper develops a methodology based on the multifrequency model with describing functions. The influences from the interleaving operation are identified. After that, the analysis is extended to studying of the higher-order beat-frequency issue. Then, a solution by applying coupled inductors is proposed. Experimental and simulation results are presented as verification.
Surface Modification of Wool and Other Fibrous Materials by 4-Vinylpyridine and Zinc Chloride1

Wool, cotton, polyester, and leather were durably modified by 4-vinylpyridine and zinc chloride applied in acetone. The pendant pyridine rings of the surface deposit, probably poly (4-vinylpyridine), may be free or coordinated through nitrogen with zinc, which may also be bonded to the substrate. Treated wool fabrics resist shrinkage when laundered.
Experiments in emergent collaboration in swarms of simple agents

For many important applications, it would be particularly valuable if large numbers of relatively simple (i.e. unintelligent) agents could be induced to collaborate in the performance of tasks in environments in which a high degree of uncertainty is the norm, and the ability to adapt is therefore a requirement. For this reason, interest in emergent or "swarming" approaches to agent collaboration has been increasing in recent years. We have recently explored two approaches to engineering such systems-cofields and coupled oscillators. Our experiments have shown the efficacy of each of these approaches in producing collections of individually simple agents that exhibit emergent, adaptive collaboration in the performance of complex tasks, such as path finding, resource allocation, and fault tolerance
Inverse scattering problem with data at fixed energy and fixed incident direction

Abstract Let A q ( α ′ , α , k ) be the scattering amplitude, corresponding to a local potential q ( x ) , x ∈ R 3 , q ( x ) = 0 for | x | > a , where a > 0 is an arbitrary large fixed number, α ′ , α ∈ S 2 are unit vectors, S 2 is the unit sphere in R 3 , α is the direction of the incident wave, k 2 > 0 is the energy. We prove that given an arbitrary function f ( α ′ ) ∈ L 2 ( S 2 ) , an arbitrary fixed α 0 ∈ S 2 , an arbitrary fixed k > 0 , and an arbitrary small e > 0 , there exists a potential q ( x ) ∈ L 2 ( D ) where D ⊂ R 3 is a bounded domain such that ( ∗ ) ‖ A q ( α ′ , α 0 , k ) − f ( α ′ ) ‖ L 2 ( S 2 ) e . The potential q , for which (∗) holds, is not unique. We give a method for finding such a q , and a formula for this q .
w4‐Mutable line in soybean

An unstable mutation for anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean (Giycine max [L.] Merr.) was identified in 1983. The mutability is conditioned by an allele at the w4 locus that is recessive to wild type. The population containing the mutable allele is known as the w4-mutable line. Most plants in the line have chimeric flowers with purple sectors on a near-white background. The mutable allele yields germinal revertants at a rate that varies from 5 to 10% per generation, and the revertant alleles are stable. Approximately 1% of the progenies derived from germinal revertant plants contain mutations at other loci These features, as well as the occurrence of pale flower phenotypes and changes of state, suggest that a transposable element system is producing the unstable phenotype. Several new mutants were isolated in an experiment designed to tag loci. The first three chlorophyll-deficient mutants found (CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3) are inherited as single-gene recessives. Each of the mutants lacks the same two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) bands. No recombination has been detected between the MDH phenotype and the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype. Genetic data indicate that the three mutants are allelic, and additional evidence suggests that each of the CD mutants is the result of a deletion. In the CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3 mutants, the deletions result in the silencing of an MDH locus, atypical chloroplast development, and an altered chlorophyll composition. Additional mutants for root necrosis, partial and near sterility, chlorophyll deficiency, and flower color isolated from the transposon tagging study have provided material for future research.
Optimal vortex formation in a self-propelled vehicle

Previous studies have shown that the formation of coherent vortex rings in the near-wake of a self-propelled vehicle can increase propulsive efficiency compared with a steady jet wake. The present study utilizes a self-propelled vehicle to explore the dependence of propulsive efficiency on the vortex ring characteristics. The maximum propulsive efficiency was observed to occur when vortex rings were formed of the largest physical size, just before the leading vortex ring would pinch off from its trailing jet. These experiments demonstrate the importance of vortex ring pinch off in self-propelled vehicles, where coflow modifies the vortex dynamics.
Search Vox: leveraging multimodal refinement and partial knowledge for mobile voice search

Internet usage on mobile devices continues to grow as users seek anytime, anywhere access to information. Because users frequently search for businesses, directory assistance has been the focus of many voice search applications utilizing speech as the primary input modality. Unfortunately, mobile settings often contain noise which degrades performance. As such, we present Search Vox, a mobile search interface that not only facilitates touch and text refinement whenever speech fails, but also allows users to assist the recognizer via text hints. Search Vox can also take advantage of any partial knowledge users may have about the business listing by letting them express their uncertainty in an intuitive way using verbal wildcards. In simulation experiments conducted on real voice search data, leveraging multimodal refinement resulted in a 28% relative reduction in error rate. Providing text hints along with the spoken utterance resulted in even greater relative reduction, with dramatic gains in recovery for each additional character.
HIV issues for rural hospitals in U.S. frontier areas.

A Survey of 108 hospital administrators in the eight states of the Mountain Census Region was conducted to identify frontier rural hospitals’experiences (fewer than 50 beds) in the provision of care and services to patients with HIV infection; to assess the availability of HIV care and services in these small, remote rural hospitals; and to assess the status of education and policy development related to HIV infection. Of the 62 hospitals that responded, 16 (26%) had provided care and services to HIV-infected patients. Acute inpatient and emergency room care were the services most commonly utilized. An additional 11 hospitals reported the presence of HIV-positive individuals in their medical service areas. Thus, nearly 44 percent of the hospitals were aware of the importance of addressing HIV infection as a local concern. Employees in the hospitals that had experienced caring for HIV-positive persons expressed more concern about acquiring HIV infection than those in hospitals that had not. Four nursing assistants, two registered nurses, and one dietary worker had refused to provide care. HIV education consisted primarily of video programs, presentations by in-house staff, and sending employees away to workshops. Despite this HIV education, most staff remain fearful of caring for HIV infected patients. Major concerns expressed by the hospital administrators were related to enforcing universal precautions, confidentiality, staff response, community acceptance, and cost of care. Only 30 hospitals (48%) had AIDS policies in effect, and these focused primarily on infection control and universal precautions. The results of the study indicate that frontier rural hospital administrators are aware that increasing numbers of individuals with HIV infection will seek care and services from frontier hospitals. However, current HIV education of staff does not effectively relieve fears and concerns regarding providing care, and few hospitals have developed policies to deal with HIV-related situations. More effective HIV education programs and policies specific to potential HIV related situations need to be developed.
Conflict Management Strategies Used by Successful Family Businesses

This paper reports the analyses of a survey of 59 family businesses. Findings indicate that in comparison to nonfamily businesses, family businesses have a more complex set of issues to consider when managing conflict. Collaboration, accommodation, and compromise strategies produce relatively better outcomes for both family and business. A competitive strategy results in relatively negative outcomes for both business and family. High levels of collaboration contribute to positive outcomes for both family and business, and high levels of compromise and accommodation contribute to positive family outcomes. Based on a comparison of means, this paper identifies conflict management profiles for achieving positive outcomes for both business and family.
3D Global Virtual Teaming Environment

Based on research conducted at a large multinational corporation, we identified several unique requirements for global team collaboration. Our findings included that two-thirds of employees work on distributed teams and the same percentage also work on multiple teams. These and other data led us to seek a solution that would seamlessly support the complexities discovered while enhancing team and personal productivity. To adequately represent the complexities, we needed an object-oriented information workspace where the use of a 3D user interface allows users to retain multiple contexts. We chose an environment already developed by Intel Research, Miramar, as a prototyping vehicle
Regulation of Tension in the Skinned Crayfish Muscle Fiber : I. Contraction and relaxation in the absence of Ca (pCa > 9)

In isolated skinned crayfish muscle fibers bathed in solutions that were buffered to be virtually free of Ca2+ (pCa 8–10) the substrate for both contraction and relaxation is the MgNTP complex. Tension increased up to 50% of the maximum capability of the fiber as the substrate MgATP increased to an optimum (pMgATP = 5.5). Relaxation was induced by further increases in MgATP. Similar bell-shaped curves of tension vs. pMgNTP were obtained with UTP and ITP, but optimum pMgUTP was about 4.5 and optimum pMgITP was about 2.6. The relation between equilibrium tension and pMgNTP is described by an equation analogous to that for the kinetics of enzymes regulated by substrate inhibition.
The leukocyte common antigen family.

The leukocyte-common antigen (L-CA) family is a group of high molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of all leukocytes and their hemopoietic progenitors ( 114). Members of this family differ by both protein sequence and carbohydrate structures and are expressed by leukocyte populations in specific patterns ( 15-27). An example of the differential expression is shown for the rat L-CA family in Figure 1 ( 19). Thymocytes express the lowest apparent molecular weight form of 1 80 kd; B lymphocytes express the highest form, 220 kd; and T lymphocytes express multiple forms. Differences also exist between T-cell subsets (Figure 1 C); CD8 T cells (Te/s) express the higher molecular weight forms more abundantly than do CD4 T cells (T H) ' The cell-type-specific patterns of expression are conserved throughout mammalian evolution ( 1, 2, 91 1, 19, 28), and there appear to be similar patterns of expression in chicken lymphocytes (29). L-CA is referred to in the literature by different names, including T200 (30), B220 for the B cell form ( 1 2) , the mouse allotypic marker Ly-5 ( 3 1 ) and more recently CD45 (32). L-CA is the most accurate descriptive name and is used for the purpose of this review. The L-CA family is a major cell surface component of lymphocytes and carries much of the carbohydrate of these cells. It has been estimated that 10% of the lymphocyte surface is occupied by one or more L-CA members (33). Because of this abundance, L-CA was easily detected on SDS-poly­ acrylamide gels of lymphocyte membranes (36-39) (Figure lA). It was also initially characterized as the major specificity of antilymphocyte sera (34) and as an allotypic marker (31 , 35). The primary protein structure has been determined from the analysis of cDNA clones, and this information,
Learning General Connotation of Words using Graph-based Algorithms

In this paper, we introduce a connotation lexicon, a new type of lexicon that lists words with connotative polarity, i.e., words with positive connotation (e.g., award, promotion) and words with negative connotation (e.g., cancer, war). Connotation lexicons differ from much studied sentiment lexicons: the latter concerns words that express sentiment, while the former concerns words that evoke or associate with a specific polarity of sentiment. Understanding the connotation of words would seem to require common sense and world knowledge. However, we demonstrate that much of the connotative polarity of words can be inferred from natural language text in a nearly unsupervised manner. The key linguistic insight behind our approach is selectional preference of connotative predicates. We present graph-based algorithms using PageRank and HITS that collectively learn connotation lexicon together with connotative predicates. Our empirical study demonstrates that the resulting connotation lexicon is of great value for sentiment analysis complementing existing sentiment lexicons.
Beta Decay of the Al 26 Ground State

The decay scheme of the ground state of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ has been reexamined by measurement of its $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum with Ge(Li) detectors. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum shows very strong positron annihilation radiation, a strong peak at 1808.65 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.07 keV, a weak peak at 1129.67 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.10 keV, and a very weak peak at 2938 keV. These $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies correspond to transitions from the first and second excited states of $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$, which have been determined more accurately in this experiment. The $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ branching ratios, calculated from the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray relative intensities, are (82.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.5)% positron emission to the 1809-keV level, (15.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.5)% electron capture to that same level, and (2.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2)% electron capture to the 2938-keV level of $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$. The 2938-keV state decays (10.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.0)% directly to the ground state and (89.8 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.0)% by cascade. These branching ratios combine with previous results to give a half-life of (7.16 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.32) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{5}$ yr for the ground state of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$.
Thermal stability of gold nanorods for high-temperature plasmonic sensing

There are many potential sensing applications for Au nanorods due to a tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) frequency that changes with aspect ratio. However, their application at high temperatures is limited due to a shape change that can take place well below the melting point of bulk Au, driven by a reduction in surface energy. A method of stabilizing Au nanorods is provided here by encapsulating them with a 15 nm capping layer of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). After annealing rods with nominal dimensions of 100 × 44 nm to a temperature of 600 °C, small reductions in length were observed, but the rods remained stable for all subsequent sensing tests at 500 °C, which amounted to 80 h. It was shown with a separate sample that the rod geometry can be preserved even up to 800 °C over a 12 h annealing period, although a significant shortening of the rod length occurred, leaving a void space in the YSZ. The sensing response of both the transverse and the longitudinal LSPR peaks was monitored...
Experimental Investigation of Actuators for Flow Control in S-Duct Inlets

An experimental investigation of flow control actuation concepts on a short inlet duct was conducted. Concepts tested were steady blowing from both a two-dimensional jet and a spanwise varying jet. Experiments were run at an inlet Mach number of 0.43 on a very short inlet with a length to diameter ratio of 1.5. Spanwise varying jet actuation was found to be more beneficial compared to two-dimensional blowing in that the secondary flow structures could be manipulated. An optimal jet location was determined to be at the position of maximum spanwise velocity. However, the spanwise varying actuator could only manipulate the location of the secondary flow structures, not mitigate them. Both actuators resulted in a significant decrease in the spectral content of the total pressure at the AIP, especially around the centerline.
Perceived exertion and affect at varying intensities of running

(1994). Perceived Exertion and Affect at Varying Intensities of Running. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 372-376.
Non-heritable interferon resistance in a fraction of virus populations.

SummaryAttempts to select interferon resistant mutants of EMC virus were unsuccessful. Virus was found unchanged in its sensitivity to interferon despite 10 passages in ME cultures which had been treated with high concentrations of the inhibitor. During the course of these experiments, it was observed that a fraction of the virus population varying from 10 to 15% of the input virus was capable of multiplying in interferon-treated cultures. The resistance of this “persistent fraction” to interferon was not due to a genetic property of the virus and superficially resembled similar phenomena observed with other virus inactivating agents. Stocks of VSV and vaccinia virus were also shown to contain interferon “persistent fractions.” The magnitude of the “persistent fraction” may vary, depending on the virus, type of cell, as well as the cellular environment.
School of Thought in Archaeology: A Comment on Two Recent Papers

Two recent articles in this journal misidentify a theoretical orientation and then contrast this misidentification with another orientation. Archaeology does not gain in this way.
What should be the Essence of Cardiac Rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation was initially designed to reduce symptoms after a cardiac event, to increase physical tolerance of activities at home and work, and to improve quality of life. Therefore, cardiac rehabilitation programs have been mainly exercise-based [1]. However, in order to prevent another debilitating – or fatal – cardiac event in the future, we need to help our patients identify all risk factors and to make a life style change.
An Elementary Research on College English Oral Test

At present educators in the academic world focus on the hot research topic as to the adoption of new teaching concepts and linguistic aptitude tests to attain the objective of education reform,i.e.the transition of EFL education to quality education in institutions of higher learning.It is an appropriate measure to administer an effective,real and liable oral English test so as to raise the quality of university students.
Multi-fluid studies of plasma shocks relevant to inertial confinement fusion

Results from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments performed at the Omega laser facility suggest the potential role of kinetic effects in plasmas during implosion. Recent theoretical and numerical work has indicated the importance of diffusion effects in the presence of multiple ion species as well as the importance of ion viscosity. This provides the motivation to adequately develop multi-fluid plasma models capable of capturing kinetic physics including concentration diffusion and ion species separation driven by the ion concentration gradient, the ion pressure gradient, the electron and ion temperature gradients, and the electric field. Benchmarks between the newly developed code and analytical results are presented for multi-fluid plasma shocks.
Ureteral avulsion from non-penetrating trauma.

AbstractWe report 6 instances of complete ureteral avulsion in 5 patients undergoing acute acceleration/deceleration trauma. One patient also had an unsalvageable contralateral renal arterial intimal injury. In all instances the ureteral avulsion injury was repaired successfully and in 4 patients only 1 surgical procedure was used. The injury, occurring primarily in children, seems to result from a sudden hyperextension of the trunk and the ureteropelvic junction appears to be the most susceptible to disruption injury. From our experience and from that of others, despite the occult nature of this injury and its tendency to be obscured further by associated injuries of greater immediate importance, persistence in diagnostic pursuit and surgical repair even when delayed will yield a satisfactory result.
Teaching speed in the operative theatre: Should case duration benchmark efficiency in general surgical residency programs?

Abstract Background Training surgical residents remains an important mission of academic medical centers. Today, financial pressures guide improved operating room (OR) efficiency and theoretically may affect surgical education. There is no current benchmark with regards to operative time and surgical cases involving General Surgical Residents. Study design 971 laparoscopic surgical cases were reviewed for total operative time, closing time, length of stay and 30-day readmission rates. T -test of means and regression analyses were done involving surgical times and point in time during the academic year of the surgical program to gauge whether efficiency improvements exist in the program. Regressions were also done comparing surgical times (total operative and closing time to outcome measures: length of stay, 30-day readmission, and log cost). Results Residents had significantly longer procedure times compared to the year prior to commencement of the program where attending surgeons operated without residents by mean t -test (p There were strong and statistically significant correlations between total operative time and cost. Conclusion Resident participation contributes to increased procedure time and cost for common laparoscopic general surgical procedures. There is also a link between outcomes as measured by length of stay and total operative time. Consequently teaching and/or maintaining efficiency standards may be paramount to maintaining better outcomes. General surgical residency programs may consider benchmarking operative and/or closing times in guiding efficiency in their programs.
The Emerging Role for the mRNA Cap-Binding Protein, EIF-4E, in Metastatic Progression

The successful evolution of metastases requires the interplay of numerous and diverse gene products-metalloproteases (MMP-9), adhesion factors (CD44v6), apoptosis suppressors (bcl-2), angiogenesis factors (VEGF), and proto-oncoproteins (c-myc, cyclin D1). Expression of each of these potent proteins is profoundly influenced by the activity of the mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF-4E. Indeed, eIF-4E overexpression has been shown to selectively influence a wide array of key proteins including c-myc, cyclin D1, VEGF, bFGF, CD44v6, MMP-9 and nm23. By selectively and coordinately upregulating expression of these potent proteins, enhanced eIF-4E activity, which characterizes a variety of human tumors and has been associated with malignant progression, can drive metastatic progression. As such, eIF-4E represents a potential convergence point whereby many key metastasis genes are regulated and may therefore represent a novel, compelling target for therapeutic intervention. Indeed, blocking eIF-4E activity dramatically suppresses malignancy by specifically suppressing the expression of key malignancy-related genes like cyclin D1, bFGF, VEGF and ODC (47 and references therein). Blocking eIF-4E activity has also recently been shown to induce apoptosis (109). Indeed, eIF-4E may be an attractive new therapeutic target precisely because each and every function necessary for the evolution and growth of a metastatic nodule is mediated or influenced by a gene product that is regulated translationally. The development of novel reagents to interfere with eIF-4E and translation initiation may provide a very promising alternative to current anti-cancer therapies.
Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz for Excited States

In these lectures I am going to discuss Integrable Quantum Field Theories in two dimensions. Integrable QFT possess infinite series of commuting local Integrals of Motion (IM). Relatively simple but very important Integrable QFT are Conformal Field Theories (CFT). More general non-conformal Integrable QFT are obtained by perturbing CFT with suitably chosen relevant operators [1]. These Integrable Perturbed CFT (PCFT) are typically massive QFT and their exact on-shell solutions can be given in terms of Factorizable S-matrices [1,2]. The off-shell information although encoded in the S-matrix is much more difficult to extract. Very interesting off-shell characteristic of QFT is its finite-size energy spectrum, e.g. the spectrum of its Hamiltonian in the situation when the spatial coordinate is compactified on a circle of circumference R. Important progress towards calculating this spectrum has been made lately with the help of Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) technique [3]. This approach allows one to obtain the ground-state energy E 0(R) of the finite-size system provided the on-shell solution is known, the problem being reduced to solving non-linear integral equations (TBA equations).
Rapid genotyping of the five major platelet alloantigens by reverse dot- blot hybridization

Amino acid substitutions in platelet membrane glycoproteins result in alloantigens. Identifying these polymorphisms is important in alloimmune-mediated platelet disorders. Immunophenotyping platelet antigens can be limited by the unavailability of specific antisera. The goal of this work was to identify human platelet antigen genotypes in individuals using a technique that would circumvent the limitations of immunophenotyping and be clinically applicable. We have successfully applied the reverse dot-blot (RDB) technique to the genotyping of the five major human platelet alloantigen systems. Allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs) representing each allele of these alloantigens were covalently linked to a filter. Biotinylated oligonucleotides flanking the polymorphic sequences in genomic DNA were used to amplify genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and these products were hybridized to the filters containing the ASOs. Reactivity was detected with a chromogenic substrate. This nonradioactive methodology identifies all 15 possible genotypes in a well-defined control group of individuals and requires only two PCR reactions per patient sample. RDB analysis was used to successfully genotype women and family members with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and with posttransfusion purpura and to prenatally genotype the amniocytes from a fetus at risk for thrombocytopenia. The RDB methodology is specific, sensitive, and rapid and should enhance our ability to accurately diagnose disorders of alloimmune platelet destruction.
Modeling solid-state sintering with externally applied pressure: A geometric force approach

Solid-state sintering is one of the most widely used material processing technologies in modern manufacturing. The preponderance of previous computer simulations focused on free sintering (without externally applied pressures), in which the morphology evolution and densification in the system are driven by surface energy reduction. In this work, we develop an efficient algorithm to simulate solid-state sintering with hot pressing by explicitly considering interfacial diffusion as well as rigid body movement under external pressure. Particle movements including both translations and rotations are taken into account in the model, which are directed by the associated local stress state in the sintering system. A novel “geometric force” is also introduced to stochastically model geometrically necessary plastic deformations of the sintering particles to accommodate the initial fast densification due to the applied pressure. Subsequent evolution of the overall morphology and inter-particle connections are mainly controlled by interfacial energy minimization, while coarsening is considered in the later sintering stages. The utility of our method is illustrated by sintering 2D compacts of polydisperse circular particles and equal-sized elliptical particles. Significant coarsening occurs in the polydisperse particle system, while no significant grain growth is observed in the equal-sized ellipse system.
Pseudoherpetic Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis (Grover disease): Case Series and Review of the Literature

A total of 3 cases of pseudoherpetic transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover disease) are presented, followed by a brief review of prior reports. All 3 patients were above the age of 60 and presented with a pruritic eruption composed of papules with or without vesicles distributed on the trunk. For all 3 patients, the clinical differential diagnosis included drug eruption but did not include Grover disease; in 1 patient, the clinical impression included herpesvirus infection. Similar histologic and immunohistochemical findings were demonstrated in all 3 cases. Intraepidermal vesicles with acantholysis, multinucleation and hypereosinophilic keratinocytes mimicking necrosis raised the possibility of herpesvirus infection. However, the focality of the process at scanning magnification, absence of true cytopathic effect despite multinucleation, and identification of dyskeratosis rather than true necrosis all permitted for morphologic distinction as pseudoherpetic change. Immunohistochemistry, negative for herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus antigens, also distinguished pseudoherpetic change in these patients from a true herpesvirus infection. This series highlights an uncommon histologic variant of a common disorder and describes morphologic and immunohistochemical findings to facilitate its distinction from true herpesvirus infection.
Redhook Ale Brewery

In 1995, Paul Shipman, CEO of Redhook Ale Brewery, and his management team prepared to enter uncharted territory by taking their craft-brewing operation public in the United States. Although there already were massive large-batch breweries that were profitable, publicly traded firms, Redhook was different: it embodied the ethos and grassroots beginnings of the microbrew movement. Still, Shipman wondered about the potential of the craft-brewing industry segment. Excerpt UVA-S-0230 Rev. May 26, 2016 Redhook Ale Brewery Craft Brewing Goes Public In August 1995, Paul Shipman, CEO of Redhook Ale Brewery, and his management team prepared to enter uncharted territory. A craft brewing operation had never before been taken public in the United States. Sure, there were massive large-batch breweries such as Anheuser-Busch Inbev and Miller Brewing Company that were profitable, publicly traded firms. But Redhook was different: it embodied the ethos and grassroots beginnings of the microbrew movement, and Shipman was confident that widespread market demand for craft beer was set to explode. Shipman and the team had steadily developed their premium-quality handmade ales for nearly 15 years in Seattle, Washington, and their loyal customer base was strong. In the past year alone, Redhook had forged an alliance with Starbucks, to co-brand a coffee-flavored brew, and another with Anheuser-Busch, which had purchased a capped 25% interest in Redhook in exchange for access to its national distribution networks and accounting systems. Shipman had overseen significant capacity increases and plans for another brewery in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He had worked hard to position Redhook favorably for expansion, and the public offering would provide the necessary capital. Still, he wondered if the microbrew feel of Redhook would translate to the commercialization and growth pressures of the mainstream open market. Producing and distributing microbrews on a large scale was a new concept, and like any new concept, it would have to be sold. Shipman hoped to sell craft beer—and lots of it—in the heartland of America. . . .
The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves the laurels

Background and Objectives One year after the discovery of the anesthetic properties of cocaine, the American neurologist Corning injected the drug between the spinous processes of the lower dorsal vertebrae, first in a young dog and then in a generally healthy man. He published the results in a paper entitled “Spinal Anaesthesia and Local Medication of the Cord.” For many years, there has been controversy as to whether Corning’s injection was a spinal or an extradural block. Methods To settle this controversy, a detailed review was undertaken, in the original language, of Corning’s publication, as well as of two major initial articles describing authentic spinal anesthesia, namely that by the surgeon Bier of Germany and Tuffier of France. Mention of cerebrospinal fluid, dose of injected cocaine, onset of action, and height of sensory analgesia were compared. Results Corning’s dose of local anesthetic was eight times higher than the doses of the same drug used by Bier and Tuffier; yet, the onset of analgesia in his patient was slower and the ultimate sensory level lower. Cerebrospinal fluid was not described in contrast to the other two publications. In addition, Corning proposed the action of cocaine to result from absorption into the venous circulation and subsequent transport to the cord. Conclusions Corning’s injection was extradural, and Bier deserves the laurels for introducing spinal anesthesia.
Nitrogen management affects nitrous oxide emissions under varying cotton irrigation systems in the desert southwest, USA.

Irrigation of food and fiber crops worldwide continues to increase. Nitrogen (N) from fertilizers is a major source of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO) in irrigated cropping systems. Nitrous oxide emissions data are scarce for crops in the arid western United States. The objective of these studies was to assess the effect of N fertilizer management on NO emissions from furrow-irrigated, overhead sprinkler-irrigated, and subsurface drip-irrigated cotton ( L.) in Maricopa, AZ, on Trix and Casa Grande sandy clay loam soils. Soil test- and canopy-reflectance-based N fertilizer management were compared. In the furrow- and overhead sprinkler-irrigated fields, we also tested the enhanced efficiency N fertilizer additive Agrotain Plus as a NO mitigation tool. Nitrogen fertilizer rates as liquid urea ammonium nitrate ranged from 0 to 233 kg N ha. Two applications of N fertilizer were made with furrow irrigation, three applications under overhead sprinkler irrigation, and 24 fertigations with subsurface drip irrigation. Emissions were measured weekly from May through August with 1-L vented chambers. NO emissions were not agronomically significant, but increased as much as 16-fold following N fertilizer addition compared to zero-N controls. Emission factors ranged from 0.10 to 0.54% of added N fertilizer emitted as NO-N with furrow irrigation, 0.15 to 1.1% with overhead sprinkler irrigation, and <0.1% with subsurface drip irrigation. The reduction of NO emissions due to addition of Agrotain Plus to urea ammonium nitrate was inconsistent. This study provides unique data on NO emissions in arid-land irrigated cotton and illustrates the advantage of subsurface drip irrigation as a low NO source system.
Sex differences in the relationship of recall to subvocal speech in preschool children.

Previous research findings indicating that preschool-age boys use verbal means to encode pictorial material whereas preschool-age girls do not were further investigated. Detailed examinations were made of the polygraph tracings and serial position curves of recall of younger (mean age = 50 months) and older (mean age = 66 months) boys and girls. The older boys were different than the other sex by age groups in that (1) their recall and subvocal speech scores were significantly correlated; (2) they engaged in greater amounts of raw EMG activity on both high-labial and low-labial trials; and (3) they recalled only a small per cent of the names of pictures they did not subvocalize. Analysis of the serial position curves of recall revealed a greater recency effect for older boys and a greater primary effect for older girls. These data strongly support the notion that girls as young as 5 and 6 years of age are using other than verbal means to encode information, whereas boys similar in age are highly reliant upon verbal encoding methods.
Counseling from the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis AWOL syndrome.

Recent studies using the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis (T-JTA) suggest that a specific trait pattern (AWOL syndrome) can identify potential army AWOL offenders. In an attempt to validate this...
Ubiquitinated Histones and Chromatin

Ubiquitin (Ub) is a remarkably conserved eukaryotic protein found in the cytoplasm, in the nucleus, and on the cell surface. Whereas cytoplasmic Ub is known to play an important role in proteolysis, the function of nuclear Ub is still obscure. Presumably, ubiquitination of histones affects chromatin structure, but it should be stated at the outset that we do not know how this histone modification influences transcriptional or mitotic processes. We do know, however, some aspects of the structure and metabolism of histone-Ub conjugates, and these facts should provide clues to the role of Ub in chromatin dynamics.
Toilet Training Refusal

Children who refuse to be toilet trained have three options. They can wet themselves, soil themselves, or try to hold back their bowel movements, thus becoming constipated or impacted. Although wetters are more common, soilers are most often brought to a physician because of the offensiveness of their habit. Closer observation reveals that these children have excellent control when they want to. They can postpone bowel movements until no one is watching. They can wet themselves deliberately when the parent is on the telephone or nursing a younger sibling. Boys outnumber girls in this type of behavior. Many of these children refuse to sit on the toilet or sit there only if the parent brings up the subject and marches them into the bathroom. Occasionally, those who hold back bowel movements develop acute urine retention caused by pressure on the bladder from an impaction.
Mapping Quality in Extended Value Streams using Data Recorders

This research compares three new methods and measures for mapping and evaluating the transportation segment of a value chain. The three methods are total energy, energy-time and energy-distance. The methods combine practices used in traditional physical distribution system analysis and extended value stream mapping (VSM) analysis. This research concludes that the energy-distance method and measure is the most effective for analysing, comparing,and identifying opportunities for value chain improvement. It also identifies a ‘U-shape’ that is characteristic of the energy transfer pattern during a transportation segment that suggests that damage from transportation may need to be screened for quality at a subsequent value chain node.