cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Fear of Fear and Safety Information in Moderating the Effects of Voluntary Hyperventilation

The present study investigated the singular and joint effects of fear of somatic sensations and perceived safety of hypocapnia-induced bodily cues on nonclinical subjects' subjective and psychophysiological response to a hyperventilation challenge. Fear of fear was assessed with the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ; High versus Low), and subjects were randomly assigned to one of two informational conditions (Safety Information versus No Safety Information). When anticipating hyperventilation, High BSQ-Safety Information subjects reported higher subjective anxiety compared to Low BSQ-Safety Information subjects. Similarly, High BSQ-Safety Information subjects reported significantly more symptoms during the anticipatory phase compared to subjects in each of the other three conditions. During hyperventilation, fear of somatic cues and safety information exerted independent effects on subjective responding. High BSQ subjects reported higher levels of subjective fear and physical symptoms compared to Low BSQ subjects; subjects who received safety information reported lower levels of anxiety and physical symptoms compared to those who did not receive safety information. High BSQ subjects' heightened subjective fear response persisted through the hyperventilation recovery period. There were no group differences on the psychophysiological variables across any of the experimental phases. These findings provide further support both that fear of fear contributes to heightened emotional responding to biological challenges and that emotional responding is also affected by conditions that alter the perceived threat of the challenge-induced cues.
The geochemistry of some carbonate ground waters in central Pennsylvania

The field pH and content of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, dissolved oxygen and other aqueous species have been measured in 29 spring waters and 29 well waters in folded and faulted Paleozoic carbonate rocks near State College, Pennsylvania. Most of the springs issue from limestone; most of the well waters are pumped from dolomite. Average specific conductances of the spring and well waters were 347 and 499 μΩ−1, respectively, with polluted well waters having conductances as high as 945 μΩ−1. Molar Ca2+Mg2+ ratios as low as 0.6 in the well waters have resulted from incongruent solution of dolomite. Theoretical treatment of relationships between PCO2, pH and HCO3− content shows that solution of calcite or dolomite by undersaturated waters leads to increases in both pH and HCO3− content. This relation is approximately obeyed by the spring waters at an average CO2 pressure of 10−2.2 atm. In contrast, solution or precipitation of carbonates by waters near saturation with respect to them, results in inverse relationships of pH and HCO3−; a behavior closely obeyed by the well waters which have CO2 pressures up to 10−1.6 atm. Computer calculation of ground water saturation with calcite and dolomite at ground water temperatures (8–14°C) was made using remeasured solubility product data for calcite, and considering the effect of CaSO40, MgSO40 and MgHCO3+ ion pairs. Within the uncertainty of the chemical analyses and thermochemical data, 12 well waters and 3 spring waters were saturated with calcite, whereas 7 well waters and 3 spring waters were saturated with dolomite. None of the ground waters significantly exceeded saturation with respect to either carbonate.
Serial order in phonological encoding: an exploration of the 'word onset effect' using laboratory-induced errors.

One controversial phenomenon concerning slips of the tongue is the tendency for the onsets of words to slip more frequently than segments at other word positions. Some researchers attribute this effect to the phonological properties of word onsets, while others suggest it reflects something specific about the role played by the word onset during phonological recovery and/or sequencing. The study reported here examined these two possibilities using a tongue-twister paradigm in which subjects were asked to repeatedly recite a visually-presented word quadruple. The lexical status of the words in target sequences was manipulated independently of their broader phonological characteristics (overall sonority profile and consonant composition) by simply altering their constituent vowels (e.g. case port bed moon vs. koss pait bod marn). Errors elicited on real word targets were found to exhibit a strong word onset effect; this effect was entirely confined to between-word contextual errors. However, nonword targets generated no word onset effect, either overall or on between-word errors considered alone. These findings suggest that the word onset effect cannot be entirely attributed to phonological factors, but instead reflects something about the larger role word onsets play in (real word) speech planning. A new account is offered, which attributes the word onset effect to order-based competition between items at the lexical level.
Partisan Differences in Candidate Quality in Open Seat House Races, 1976-1994

This article builds on previous research with an analysis of partisan differ ences in the emergence of politically experienced candidates in open seat House races from 1976 to 1994. Consistent with...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 187

The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A = 187 is presented. Data from various decay and reaction experiments are compared. Evaluated data and arguments for spin, parity, and Nilsson-state assignments are given. Inconsistencies and discrepancies are indicated.
Annotation and expression profiling of apoptosis-related genes in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Apoptosis has been extensively studied in Drosophila by both biochemical and genetic approaches, but there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms of apoptosis regulation in other insects. In mosquitoes, apoptosis occurs during Plasmodium and arbovirus infection in the midgut, suggesting that apoptosis plays a role in mosquito innate immunity. We searched the Aedes aegypti genome for apoptosis-related genes using Drosophila and Anopheles gambiae protein sequences as queries. In this study we have identified eleven caspases, three inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, a previously unreported IAP antagonist, and orthologs of Drosophila Ark, Dnr1, and BG4 (also called dFadd). While most of these genes have been previously annotated, we have improved the annotation of several of them, and we also report the discovery of four previously unannotated apoptosis-related genes. We examined the developmental expression profile of these genes in Ae. aegypti larvae, pupae and adults, and we also studied the function of a novel IAP antagonist, IMP. Expression of IMP in mosquito cells caused apoptosis, indicating that it is a functional pro-death protein. Further characterization of these genes will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis regulation in Ae. aegypti.
Lipolytic activity of insect tissues and its significance in lipid transport

Abstract Manometric techniques allowed the study of esterase activity in several tissues from H. cecropia and P. americana when triacetin or tributyrin were employed as substrates. These techniques were too insensitive to detect true lipase activity (hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid glycerides). A new lipase radioassay using C14-triolein as substrate uncovered lipase activity in the fat body and flight muscle of the moth and in the muscle, midgut, and fat body of the cockroach. The digestive lipase exhibited dual pH optima while a single pH optimum was found for fat body. The fact that flight-muscle lipase hydrolyses diglycerides at a rate five times that of triglycerides suggests that lipid transported from the fat body, in the form of protein-bound diglyceride, enters the flight muscle as diglyceride where the lipase makes the fatty acids available for sarcosomal oxidation.
Gö 6976, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, is a potent antagonist of human immunodeficiency virus 1 induction from latent/low-level-producing reservoir cells in vitro.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is followed by a period of latency or a low-level-persistent (LLP) state that results in an asymptomatic infection of the host. Productive viral expression may be triggered by a variety of activators including mitogens, antigens, and cytokines. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to be important in the intracellular cascade of signals induced by such activators. With U1 and ACH-2 cell lines representative of an HIV-1 postintegration state, the effect of Go 6976, a synthetic inhibitor of PKC was tested. Go 6976 is a nonglycosidic indolocarbazole found to potently inhibit HIV-1 induction by Bryostatin 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6. Go 6976 effectively blocks viral transcription induced by Bryostatin 1 or tumor necrosis factor alpha that leads to the inhibition of intracellular viral protein synthesis and viral shedding. Go 6976 also blocks interleukin 6-mediated posttranscriptional induction of viral proteins. The IC50 of Go 6976 shows a 12- to 60-fold more potent effect than for H-7, another PKC inhibitor with a similar mechanism. The inhibitory effect is reduced when Go 6976 is not added before or within 1 hr of induction by the potent PKC activator Bryostatin 1. However, U1 cells can be grown for long periods in a nontoxic concentration of Go 6976 (300 nM), which confers virtual inhibition of HIV-1 induction without the development of resistance. Results indicate that inhibition of HIV-1 proviral induction from latent/low-level-producing infectious states with potent PKC inhibitors like Go 6976 may represent an additional and promising antiviral approach.
Faculty Mentoring Programs at Schools/Colleges of Pharmacy in the U.S.

ABSTRACTA nationwide survey was conducted to determine the existence and extent of faculty mentoring programs at schools/colleges of pharmacy in the U.S. A 21-item questionnaire was developed and pilot tested at two academic institutions. The revised survey was then mailed to the deans at each of the 78 colleges listed at the time by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Approximately 77% (60/78) of the schools/colleges of pharmacy responded to the survey, 11 (18%) indicated the existence of a formal mentoring program, and another 32 (53%) indicated the existence of an informal mentoring program at their academic institution.
Production of radio-isotopes at North Shore University Hospital

Abstract The North Shore University Hospital Cyclotron/PET Facility houses a Scanditronix MC17F cyclotron and a SuperPETT 3000 camera. The cyclotron produces extracted beams of 17.5 MeV protons or 8.5 MeV deuterons up to 80 μA. It is equipped with a 6.5 M beam line with a three port switching magnet (+30°, 0°, 30°). The 0° port supports target chambers for the production of 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, and 18 F. 18 F is produced by both the 18 O(p, n) 18 F and the 20 Ne(d, α) 18 F reactions, for fluoride ion and anhydrous F 2 , respectively. Remotely operated semiautomatic processing systems are used for the production of 11 C-labeling agents and permanent gases labeled with 15 O. The two experimental beams lines (+30°, −30°) are used for target development, notably the production of 55 Co by bombardment of a highly enriched 54 Fe target with deuterons.
On the Meaning of Formative Measurement and How It Differs from Reflective Measurement: Comment on Howell, Breivik, and Wilcox (2007).

R. D. Howell, E. Breivik, and J. B. Wilcox (2007) have presented an important and interesting analysis of formative measurement and have recommended that researchers abandon such an approach in favor of reflective measurement. The author agrees with their recommendations but disagrees with some of the bases for their conclusions. He suggests that although latent variables refer to mental states or mental events that have objective reality, to gain knowledge of the existence of these states or events requires that emphasis be placed on the nature and interpretation of the relationship between latent and manifest variables. This relationship is not a causal one but rather a kind of correspondence rule that contains theoretical, empirical, operational, and logical meanings as part of its content and structure. Implications of the above views are discussed for formative and reflective measurement.
Trade and Carbon Taxes

We study various scenarios for taxing emissions of carbon dioxide (C02). The question is how carbon tax policies will perform, given interna tional trade, if countries adopt different tax rates. We investigate this question quantitatively using CIM-EARTH, a newly developed open-source computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Since climate change is a function of global C02 emissions, an efficient strategy for control ling emissions would be to impose the same price wherever they occur. Such an approach presents a free riding problem, however, because nations have an incentive not to comply while gaining the ben efits of reduced emissions elsewhere. Moreover, because of distributive concerns and claims about
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Several factors that may affect induction of somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were investigated in 1994 and 1995. Megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos were excised from seeds as explants. Potassium chloride, silver nitrate, myo-inositol, coconut water, or polyamine was added to the control media (U.S. patent no. 5,036,007) to determine the effects of each single ingredient or their combinations on the initiation of embryogenic tissue. Supplements of myo-inositol at 22.2 mM resulted in increases in frequencies of cell mass extrusion and proliferation compared with the control media in consecutive years. Addition of silver nitrate showed the potential to promote initiation of embryogenic culture. The combination of 10 mM potassium with 29.4 μM silver nitrate achieved the highest frequencies in both extrusion and proliferation of embryogenic tissue. The combination of silver nitrate at 29.4 μM with addition of myo-inositol at 11.1 or 22.2 mM achieved a higher conversion rate from extrusion to proliferation. Polyamine did not significantly affect the induction of somatic embryogenesis, but coconut water was inhibitory.
The jugular pulse in pericardial constriction: Its differentiation from that of cardiomyopathy

Abstract Study of the indirect jugular pulse has potential value in differentiation of cardiomyopathies from constrictive pericarditis, often a difficult clinical problem. Twelve patients with constrictive pericarditis were compared with 12 patients with cardiomyopathy and 15 normal subjects. The interval between the aortic second sound and the jugular V wave peak (A 2 V) was determined for each case. Nine of 12 patients with cardiomyopathy and all 15 normal subjects had an A 2 V greater than 0.03 second, while in 9 of 12 cases with constrictive pericarditis A 2 V was less than 0.03 second. Thus, using A 2 V alone, the distinction between cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis could be made in 18 of our 24 patients. A 2 V reflects the isovolumic relaxation time of the right ventricle. This is shortened in constrictive pericarditis because of a high right atrial pressure and relatively normal right ventricular pressure. Study of the jugular pulse in this manner provides a safe, inexpensive, and noninvasive adjunct in diagnosing constrictive pericarditis.
Altered differentiation of cns neural progenitor cells after transplantation into the injured adult rat spinal cord

Denervation of CNS neurons and peripheral organs is a consequence of traumatic SCI. Intraspinal transplantation of embryonic CNS neurons is a potential strategy for reinnervating these targets. Neural progenitor cell lines are being investigated as alternates to embryonic CNS neurons. RN33B is an immortalized neural progenitor cell line derived from embryonic rat raphe nuclei following infection with a retrovirus encoding the temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T-antigen. Transplantation studies have shown that local epigenetic signals in intact or partially neuron-depleted adult rat hippocampal formation or striatum direct RN33B cell differentiation to complex multipolar morphologies resembling endogenous neurons. After transplantation into neuron-depleted regions of the hippocampal formation or striatum, RN33B cells were relatively undifferentiated or differentiated with bipolar morphologies. The present study examines RN33B cell differentiation after transplantation into normal spinal cord and under different lesion conditions. Adult rats underwent either unilateral lesion of lumbar spinal neurons by intraspinal injection of kainic acid or complete transection at the T10 spinal segment. Neonatal rats underwent either unilateral lesion of lumbar motoneurons by sciatic nerve crush or complete transection at the T10 segment. At 2 or 6-7 wk postinjury, lacZ-labeled RN33B cells were transplanted into the lumbar enlargement of injured and age-matched normal rats. At 2 wk posttransplantation, bipolar and some multipolar RN33B cells were found throughout normal rat gray matter. In contrast, only bipolar RN33B cells were seen in gray matter of kainic acid lesioned, sciatic nerve crush, or transection rats. These observations suggest that RN33B cell multipolar morphological differentiation in normal adult spinal cord is mediated by direct cell-cell interaction through surface molecules on endogenous neurons and may be suppressed by molecules released after SCI. They also indicate that the fate of immortalized neural progenitor cell lines in injured CNS must be stringently characterized.
Range of Antibiotic Activity of Protoanemonin.

Summary1. Protoanemonin inhibited the growth of all the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the fungi and the protozoa tested. 2. The maximum dilution of protoanemonin which was effective against the bacteria and fungi varied from 1-6000 to 1-300,000. 3. The anti-bacterial activity of protoanemonin was independent of the acidity of the medium, the size of the inoculum and the age of the culture, within the limits tested. 4. The two protozoa were prevented from qrowing in dilutions of protoanemonin ranging from 1-200.000 to 1-1,600,000. 5. No inhibition by protoanemonin of the growth of the two bacteriophages and the influenza virus was demonstrable by the techniques employed. 6. A dilution of 1-1.000,000 protoanemonin was toxic for chicken tissue culture epithelial and fibroblastic cells.
Activity-dependent NFATc3 nuclear accumulation in pericytes from cortical parenchymal microvessels.

The calcium-dependent transcription factor NFATc3, which is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, is critical for embryonic vascular developmen...
Development and implementation of VOF-PROST for 3D viscoelastic liquid–liquid simulations

We implement a volume-of-fluid algorithm with a parabolic re-construction of the interface for the calculation of the surface tension force (VOF-PROST). This achieves higher accuracy for drop deformation simulations in comparison with existing VOF methods based on a piecewise linear interface re-construction. The algorithm is formulated for the Giesekus constitutive law. The evolution of a drop suspended in a second liquid and undergoing simple shear is simulated. Numerical results are first checked against two cases in the literature: the small deformation theory for second-order liquids, and an Oldroyd-B extensional flow simulation. We then address the experimental data of Guido et al. (2003) for a Newtonian drop in a viscoelastic matrix liquid. The data deviate from existing theories as the capillary number increases, and reasons for this are explored here with the Oldroyd-B and Giesekus models.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks in chronic hemodialysis patients

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks in chronic hemodialysis patients. Background Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death among chronic hemodialysis patients, yet the risk factors for these events have not been well established. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between several traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and the presence or history of cardiovascular events in 936 hemodialysis patients enrolled in the baseline phase of the Hemodialysis Study sponsored by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The adjusted odds ratios for each of the selected risk factors were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model, controlling for the remaining risk factors, clinical center, and years on dialysis. Results Forty percent of the patients had coronary heart disease. Nineteen percent had cerebrovascular disease, and 23% had peripheral vascular disease. As expected, diabetes and smoking were strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Increasing age was also an important contributor, especially in the group less than 55 years and in nondiabetic patients. Black race was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases than non-blacks. Interestingly, neither serum total cholesterol nor predialysis systolic blood pressure was associated with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral vascular disease. Further estimation of the coronary risks in our cohort using the Framingham coronary point score suggests that traditional risk factors are inadequate predictors of coronary heart disease in hemodialysis patients. Conclusions Some of the traditional coronary risk factors in the general population appear to be also applicable to the hemodialysis population, while other factors did not correlate with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in this cross-sectional study. Nontraditional risk factors, including the uremic milieu and perhaps the hemodialysis procedure itself, are likely to be contributory. Further studies are necessary to define the cardiovascular risk factors in order to devise preventive and interventional strategies for the chronic hemodialysis population.
Nox4 mediates angiotensin II-induced activation of Akt/protein kinase B in mesangial cells.

ANG II induces protein synthesis through the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) in mesangial cells (MCs). The mechanism(s) of activation of Akt/PKB particularly by G protein-coupled...
The debt problem and growth

Easing the debt problem requires high-debt countries to generate significant trade and savings surpluses. If this has to be achieved quickly these surpluses can only be built up through contractive measures with lower imports and investment. Alternatively, if more time is available to deal with the problem, these surpluses can be built up, without sacrificing growth, through increases in exports and savings. This strategy will require new financing on the part of creditors until adjustment measures take effect. Debtor countries, for their part, will have to significantly improve their domestic performance. Domestic savings and exports will have to grow at fast rates. The productivity of capital and efficiency of resource use will also have to improve significantly. The paper provides a simple quantitative framework that identifies the critical values of these variables required for a successful outcome of a growth oriented debt policy.
Management of hyperlipidemia in women with diabetes.

Objective: To review gender-related factors in coronary artery disease, possible mechanisms for increased atherogenesis in women with diabetes, and potential therapeutic strategies for hyperlipidem...
Preparation and characterization of dimeric and tetrameric clusters of molybdenum and tungsten

The cyclo-addition of two Mo/sub 2/Cl/sub 4/(P(C/sub 6/H/sub 5/)/sub 3/)/sub 2/(CH/sub 3/OH)/sub 2/ molecules has produced a new type of tetrameric molybdenum cluster, Mo/sub 4/Cl/sub 8/L/sub 4/. Structural characterization of this dimer revealed weak molybdenum-methanol bonding which was consistent with the observed reactivity of the compound. New synthetic methods were devised for the preparation of Mo/sub 4/X/sub 8/L/sub 4/ clusters where X = Cl, Br, I and L = PR/sub 3/, Po/sub 3/, RCN, CH/sub 3/OH. A scheme for the metal-metal bonding in these clusters was presented which was in agreement with the known structural features of Mo/sub 4/Cl/sub 8/(PR/sub 3/)/sub 4/, R = C/sub 2/H/sub 5/, n-C/sub 4/H/sub 9/. The preparation of the analogous W/sub 4/Cl/sub 8/(PR/sub 3/)/sub 4/ cluster from WCl/sub 4/ was accomplished by application of techniques used in the molybdenum syntheses. The single crystal x-ray structure revealed slight differences from the molybdenum analog which were rationalized in terms of the known behavior in dimeric tungsten and molybdenum species. The attempted preparation of a tetrameric tungsten cluster from W/sub 2/(mhp)/sub 4/ was unsuccessful (mhp = anion of 2-methyl-6-hydroxypyridine). Instead, the new tungsten dimer, W/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/(mhp)/sub 3/, was isolated which possessed a metal-metal bond order of 3.5.more » The x-ray crystal structure of the dimer revealed that the chlorine atoms were situated cis, one bound to each tungsten. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the compound could be reversibly reduced, presumably to a W/sub 2//sup 4 +/ dimer containing a quadruple metal-metal bond.« less
Electroanalytical performance of carbon films with near-atomic flatness.

Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization of carbon films obtained by pyrolyzing a commercially available photoresist has been performed. Photoresist spin-coated on to a silicon wafer was pyrolyzed at 1000 °C in a reducing atmosphere (95% nitrogen and 5% hydrogen) to produce conducting carbon films. The pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPF) show unusual surface properties compared to other carbon electrodes. The surfaces are nearly atomically smooth with a root-mean-square roughness of <0.5 nm. PPF have a very low background current and oxygen/carbon atomic ratio compared to conventional glassy carbon and show relatively weak adsorption of methylene blue and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. The low oxygen/carbon ratio and the relative stability of PPF indicate that surfaces may be partially hydrogen terminated. The pyrolyzed films were compared to glassy carbon (GC) heat treated under the same conditions as pyrolysis to evaluate the electroanalytical utility of PPF. Heterogeneous electron-transfer ki...
Is Charcot Arthropathy a Late Sequela of Osteoporosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

It is well accepted that Charcot arthropathy is most frequently encountered in the diabetic population. Also well known is the association between diabetes and osteoporosis, even in the absence of overt renal dysfunction. Is it plausible that Charcot arthropathy is a late sequela of osteoporosis in diabetic patients, and if so, can the osteoporosis be treated early, leading to a decrease in the ultimate prevalence of Charcot arthropathy? The objective of this paper is to concisely review the literature detailing the course of Charcot neuroarthropathy and to investigate the links between Charcot arthropathy and osteoporosis among diabetic patients.
Differential expression of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene 1 in male and female mice

The expression of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) mRNA abundance and the fatty acid profile in male and female mice were compared. The expression of the SCD1 mRNA is significantly higher in female compared to male mice and that this difference is accompanied by higher levels of palmitoleic and oleic acid in the livers of female mice.
Replacing cost with value.

In Lord Darlington’s terms, discussions of health economics have been unrelentingly cynical in focusing almost exclusively on the price of care rather than its offsetting economic benefits. Psychiatric care in particular has been judged by what it costs, reflecting the canard that major disorders are incurable, and minor disorders, disguised self-indulgence. Now, the recognition that health care-and particularly psychiatric care-has value that can be quantified is gaining credence. Epidemiologists assessing global burden of illness are changing their measures of the health status of populations to give increasing weight to disability, making psychiatric disorders much more important than in the past. And a new genre of research by health economists is establishing the value of psychiatric treatment by identifying what untreated mental disorders cost and how those expenses might be reduced by effective treatment.
Corneal keloids — A histopathological study

Corneal keloids, elevated corneal scars that protrude beyond the original site of injury, were found in nine globes enucleated from young African patients with the diagnosis of anterior staphyloma. All the cases showed evidence of previous corneal perforation and protuberant hypertrophic scar of the anterior corneal stroma. Corneal keloids may be more common than previously thought, and may be related to over production of collagen in the scar tissue of susceptible individuals.
Problems with logic trees in earthquake hazard evaluation

Abstract Logic trees make sense when used in earthquake risk analysis where costs are compared for specific outcomes. However logic trees fail in earthquake hazard analysis when they are used to develop earthquake ground motions for applications in engineering. The failure stems from a misguided attempt to assign numbers for degrees of belief which are personal and indefinable, almost like love or taste, and for which there are neither tests nor measurements. The result is a complicated jumble of egocentric impressions. In contrast, the need in engineering is to have values that are based as much as possible on evidence.
A Flying Spot Film Measuring Machine Employing Crossed Glass Fibers

Flying spot measuring machines for use on bubble chamber film were first proposed by Hough and Powell in 1960. A new machine nearing completion at Brookhaven National Laboratory employs a fixed and moving fiber to generate a 15-μ spot that will scan over an area 53 × 160 mm in 10 sec. Centers of marks on the film will be digitized to an accuracy of ±5μ and the coordinates fed on line into a computer for analysis.
DNA media storage

Abstract In 1994, University of Southern California computer scientist, Dr. Leonard Adleman solved the Hamiltonian path problem using DNA as a computational mechanism. He proved the principle that DNA computing could be used to solve computationally complex problems. Because of the limitations in discovery time, resource requirements, and sequence mismatches, DNA computing has not yet become a commonly accepted practice. However, advancements are continually being discovered that are evolving the field of DNA computing. Practical applications of DNA are not restricted to computation alone. This research presents a novel approach in which DNA could be used as a means of storing files. Through the use of multiple sequence alignment combined with intelligent heuristics, the most probabilistic file contents can be determined with minimal errors.
Synthesis and reactivity of bi-, tri-, and hexametallic and zwitterionic methyl aluminum complexes containing a phenoxide/imine ligand system

Addition of 3 equiv of trimethylaluminum to tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 1H 3 , affords the simple, C 3 -symmetric, trimetallic species [1(AlMe 2 ) 3 ], 2. To disrupt the Al 3 O 3 bridging unit, one of the ortho-alkyl substituents from the tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methane platform of 1H 3 was substituted with a reactive aldehyde group to afford the ligands 3-(2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde,3H 3 ,and 3-(2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde,4H3, respectively. Benzylamine reacts independently with both 3H 3 and 4H 3 specifically at the aldehyde functionality, affording the mixed donor ligands 3-(2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)-5-methylsalicylidenebenzylimine, 5H 3 , and 3-(2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)-5-methylsalicylidenebenzylimine, 6H 3 , in high isolable yields. Furthermore, the Salen-type ligand, 7H 6 , can be prepared from the reaction of 1,2-ethylenediamine and 4H 3 . Two equivalents of trimethylaluminum will react with 5H 3 and 6H 3 to produce the binuclear aluminum compounds [(5)Al 2 Me 3 ], 8, and [(6)Al 2 Me 3 ], 9, respectively. If an additional equivalent of trimethylaluminum is added to 9, the trimetallic species [(6)Al 3 Me 6 ], 10, albeit as a slightly impure material, is observed, while 7H 6 reacts in an analogous manner to afford [(7)Al 6 Me 1 2 ], 11. Treatment of 8 with 1 equiv of DMSO produces the new complex [(5){AlMe 2 }-{AlMe(OSMe 2 )}], 12, wherein the substrate is coordinated to only one of a possible two aluminum centers. In contrast to this simple transformation, the separate reactions of 8 and 9 with either cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone afford the zwitterionic mononuclear complexes [(5H) + AlMe - ], 13, and [(6H) + AlMe - ], 14. Solid-state structures are reported for 2, 6H 3 , 7H 6 , and 9-13.
Identifying Structurally Significant Items Using Matrix Reanalysis Techniques

There are certain structural members on an aircraft like the wing attach points, longerons on the fuselage, etc. whose failure results in an immediate loss of aircraft. Other structural features like the fastener holes can have cracks developing that lead to an unscheduled/scheduled maintenance and unavailability, but are not catastrophic failures. Every structural member would fall into one of these categories or a combination of the two. Moreover, these failures can be located in the internal cavities of the structure and become visible only at a complete teardown analysis. Therefore, knowledge of the structural failure modes of all the structural components and their consequences is vital for a reliability or risk centered design and maintenance process. Investigation of the above-mentioned scenarios will enable development of a quantitative and qualitative risk assessment and management process. In this paper, a Boeing 707 lower wing skin with stiffeners will be used as an example to demonstrate the risk assessment process. This process is developed on the lines of a Design Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (DFMECA) that is used in reliability engineering. The presented method can also be used to determine placement of structural health monitoring system to mitigate risk.
Generation of a heavy-mineral glacial indicator dispersal train from a diabase sill, Nipigon region, northwestern Ontario

The heavy clinopyroxene mineral pigeonite forms a glacial indicator dispersal train originating from diabase intrusions in the Nipigon region of northwestern Ontario. Analysis and interpretation of the pigeonite dispersal pattern adjacent to the up-ice portion of the diabase provides a number of insights into the nature of glacial erosion of bedrock and the generation of heavy-mineral dispersal trains. Bedrock erosion and entrainment rates at the time of pigeonite dispersal train formation were high (314 mm·a1), suggesting that bedrock erosion was rapid yet spatially and temporally restricted. Contrasting erosion rates between the diabase and surrounding greenstone lithologies suggests that modern shield topography is not an assemblage of equilibrium bedforms with respect to the ice sheet. This agrees with hypothesized low total erosion of shield bedrock during the Pleistocene. Pigeonite grain size coarsens over the diabase source, indicating that most of the pigeonite was quarried from outcrops as coar...
Resourcefulness training intervention: A promising approach to improve mental health of mothers with technology-dependent children

The population of children dependent on medical technology such as mechanical ventilation, feeding tubes, and supplemental oxygen continues to grow in the United States. These children are frequently cared for by their mothers at home following hospital discharge. Research indicates that these mothers are at high risk for negative mental health outcomes that affect both caregiver and care recipient. The purpose of this randomized controlled pilot trial was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of resourcefulness training (RT), a cognitive-behavioral intervention, among mothers of technology-dependent children. RT was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention with this population during the 6 week study. The effect size in this pilot study demonstrates initial efficacy and indicates areas for strengthening the intervention protocol. RT is a promising intervention that can be employed by pediatric nurses to assist mothers in the home management of technology-dependent children.
P0039 Preoperative combined chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal or junctional cancers: 10-Year review

Background The purpose of this study was to analyse treatment outcome in patients with oesophageal and junctional cancers treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 283 patients treated with curative intent between January, 2002, and October, 2012. Median age was 55 years (range 18–82 years). 56% were men and 44% were women. 78% of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 22% had adenocarcinoma, and 1% had small cell histology. 56% of the patients had lower thoracic tumours, 20% had middle thoracic tumours, 18% had junction cancers. Clinical stages at presentation were stage IB (5% of patients), IIA (2%), IIB (34%), IIIA (35%), IIIB (2%), and IIIC (2%). Of 283 patients, 216 had induction chemotherapy. Cisplatin/fluorouracil was the most common regimen used (81%). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was given to 263 patients, and 12 patients had radiotherapy alone. 135 patients had surgery. 77% of patients had transhiatal oesophagectomy. Findings Following induction chemotherapy, 5% of patients had grade III toxicities (nausea/vomiting and neutropenia). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of the whole group were 38% and 30%, respectively. In patients who underwent surgery, the 5-year OS and PFS were 43% and 38%, respectively. In patients who did not undergo surgery, the 5-year OS and PFS were 33% and 15%, respectively. Pathological complete response was seen in 36% of patients. Pathological complete response with cisplatin/fluorouracil regimen was seen in 40% of patients. Recurrence was seen in 25% of patients, of which 62% failed distantly. Interpretation Preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery improved survival among patients with potentially curable oesophageal or junctional cancers.
Electronic warfare (EW) channelizer and precision direction-finder(PDF) applications

The EW channelizer and PDF were developed under the ARPA TOPS program to satisfy broad electronic warfare systems demands. This paper describes EW system architectures and the functions the TOPS EW channelizer and PDF processor performs in these systems. EW system architectures examined includes Ships Early Warning, airborne Surveillance, Weapons, and Airborne Warning. In addition, functional descriptions of the EW and PDF processors are provided.
Drug Therapy for Dissecting Aneurysms

as now heen four years since \ve hegan to Itt:ia~ most acute dissecting nneurysms of the aorta uith intensive drug therapy rather than surgery.' \Ye were led to consider this hpe of therapy hecause of the generally poor results reported in the truly .icute situation xvhere the mortality \vtth surgical thernpy is universally j0 per cent to 100 per cent. In the t\vo ;~nd one half years since our initial report. thr results across the country usins this method have, in general.'" heen very gratifying \tit11 3 \IICCCSS rate in the neighl~orliood of per cent. Our o\vtr experience has no\v triplcd to a total of 18 \vitlr only t\vo f;tilures in thc acute situation.
A numerical analysis of nanofluidic charge based separations using a combination of electrokinetic and hydrodynamic flows

Abstract In this article, the nanofluidic separation of non-neutral analytes using a pressure-gradient in combination with a counteracting electroosmotic flow field has been theoretically investigated. This approach takes advantage of simultaneous separation due to axial electrophoresis and solute interaction with the channel surface charges under optimal flow conditions to yield over an order of magnitude reduction in the separation length compared to that required in nanofluidic separations driven by pressure-gradients or electric-fields alone. Optimum results using this strategy are obtained under thin Debye layer and rapid transverse diffusion conditions which are both easy to realize in nanofluidic separation devices. The reported analyses further show that the separation strategy proposed here can allow the assay of charged species with a significantly greater resolving power than that possible using the capillary zone electrophoretic technique. Such an enhancement in resolving power has the potential to not only further miniaturize charge based separations but also permit their operation at reduced voltages. Interestingly, this improvement in the separation performance can be realized for analytes that differ in their electrophoretic mobilities over a wide range of values making this approach a valuable one for enhancing bioanalytical capabilities.
Alternative mRNAs encoding the α1b-adrenergic receptor are expressed in a tissue-dependent manner in the Sprague-Dawley rat

AbstractProbing total cellular and poly [A+] RNA isolated from various rat tissues with a full-length cDNA encoding the hamster α1-adrenergic receptor results in detection of two transcripts, 3.3 kb and 2.7 kb, which probably both encode the α1b-adrenergic receptor subtype. Both the 3.3 kb and 2.7 kb mRNAs were found to be associated with hepatic polysomes which suggests that these mRNA species are translated into protein. Using non-overlaping 5′ and 3′ cDNA probes, large sequence differences were not evident between the 3.3 kb and 2.7 kb mRNAs, although the 3′-probe hybridized to a 4.0 kb mRNA in addition to the two smaller transcripts in poly [A+] RNA isolated from renal cortex, but not other tissues. The relative amounts of the 3.3 kb and 2.7 kb mRNAs varied considerably among the five tissues studied. However, the ratio of the two transcripts remained relatively constant in the same tissue taken from animals at different developmental ages. Currently, the physiological significance of multiple α1b-adr...
Does early exposure to maternal smoking affect future fertility in adult males

Animal data suggest that prenatal exposure to certain tobacco smoke components such as nicotine may affect the development of the male gonadal axis, which may in turn affect future adult fertility. There are no previous epidemiologic studies on the potential effects of early (prenatal and childhood) exposure to maternal smoking on the reproductive system in adult male offspring. To investigate this question, we used data from a follow-up study of reproductive function and fertility among young adult sons of mothers who had participated in a randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol use during pregnancy. We observed no significant effects of early exposure to maternal smoking on conventional semen characteristics, hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH] and testosterone), urogenital abnormalities and diseases, or perceived infertility problems. Current active smoking by the men was, however, associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm with normal morphology.
Economic Incentives to Promote Innovation in Healthcare Delivery

Economics influences how medical care is delivered, organized, and progresses. Fee-for-service payment encourages delivery of services. Fee-for-individual-service, however, offers no incentives for clinicians to efficiently organize the care their patients need. Global capitation provides such incentives; it works well in highly integrated practices but not for independent practitioners. The failures of utilization management in the 1990s demonstrated the need for a third alternative to better align incentives, such as bundling payment for an episode of care. Building on Medicare’s approach to hospital payment, one can define expanded diagnosis-related groups that include all hospital, physician, and other costs during the stay and appropriate preadmission and postdischarge periods. Physicians and hospitals voluntarily forming a new entity (a care delivery team) would receive such bundled payments along with complete flexibility in allocating the funds. Modifications to gainsharing and antikickback rules, as well as reforms to malpractice liability laws, will facilitate the functioning of the care delivery teams. The implicit financial incentives encourage efficient care for the patient; the episode focus will facilitate measuring patient outcomes. Payment can be based on the resources used by those care delivery teams achieving superior outcomes, thereby fostering innovation improving outcomes and reducing waste.
A COMPUTER METHOD FOR SOLVING DILEMMAS

The results of two studies which have assessed the effectiveness of Dilemma Counseling on plato and the reaction of students to computerized counseling are reported. Dilemma Counseling is a generic problem-solving method for psychological dilemmas. The method was taught to college students through individual interaction with the plato computer. In addition to the method itself, over 400 sample solutions to more than 70 problems were available on plato. The problems and solutions cover a wide range of topics such as dating, study habits, and occupational choice. In two experiments evaluating plato Dilemma Counseling, a randomized pre-, post-, follow-up measurement design was used. In one experiment, plato Dilemma Counseling (N = 41) was as effective as standard eclectic counseling (N = 31) in solving student problems. In a second experiment, students exposed to plato Dilemma Counseling (n = 48) showed significantly (p < .01) greater improvement than an untreated control group (n = 62). These findings and f...
Oxygen Chemistry of Shocked Interstellar Clouds. III. Sulfur and Oxygen Species in Dense Clouds

The chemical evolution of oxygen and sulfur species in shocked dense clouds is studied. Reaction rate constants for several important neutral reactions are examined, and revised values are suggested. The one-fluid magnetohydrodynamic shock structure and postshock chemical evolution are calculated for shocks of velocity v(s) = 10 km/s through clouds of initial number density n(0) = 100,000/cu cm and of molecule/atom ratios H2/H = 10, 1000, and 100,000 with most sulfur contained initially in molecules SO2 and SO. Abundances of SO2, SO, CS, and OCS remain near their preshock values, except in clouds containing substantial amounts of atomic hydrogen, where significant destruction of sulfur-oxygen species occurs. Abundances of shock-enhanced molecules HS and H2O are sensitive to the molecule/atom ratio. Nonthermal oxygen-hydrogen chemistry has a minor effect on oxygen-sulfur molecules in the case H2/H = 10.
Thermal collisions of high-Rydberg atoms with neutral particles. II. Higher-order corrections to the impulse approximation

For pt.I see ibid., vol.14, p.985 (1981). A general theory of the Rydberg atom inelastic scattering by perturber atoms has been developed previously, in which the leading term is the simple impulse amplitude, followed by the various correction terms. Theoretical estimates of these correction terms are presented in this paper, resulting in a general scaling formula. The non-impulse correction to the impulse approximation varies as n-2 at large principal quantum number n and depends on the signature of the electron-perturber scattering length. The distortion correction due to the interaction between the perturber and the Rydberg atomic core is large for the intermediate values of n<or approximately=20 behaves as n-4, and depends on the perturber-core total cross section. The scaling formula derived here has been tested for the scattering systems consisting of Na and Rb targets and inert gas perturbers.