cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF4F by Multiple Mechanisms in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Cells

As a viral opportunistic pathogen associated with serious disease among the immunocompromised and congenital defects in newborns, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) must engage the translational machinery within its host cell to synthesize the viral proteins required for its productive growth. However, unlike many viruses, HCMV does not suppress the translation of host polypeptides. Here, we examine how HCMV regulates the cellular cap recognition complex eIF4F, a critical component of the cellular translation initiation apparatus that recruits the 40S ribosome to the 5' end of the mRNA. This study establishes that the cap binding protein eIF4E, together with the translational repressor 4E-BP1, are both phosphorylated early in the productive viral growth cycle and that the activity of the cellular eIF4E kinase, mnk, is critical for efficient viral replication. Furthermore, HCMV replication also induces an increase in the overall abundance of eIF4F components and promotes assembly of eIF4F complexes. Notably, increasing the abundance of select eIF4F core components and associated factors alters the ratio of active eIF4F complexes in relation to the 4E-BP1 translational repressor, illustrating a new strategy through which members of the herpesvirus family enhance eIF4F activity during their replicative cycle.
Pb isotope compositions of modern deep sea turbidites

Modern deep sea turbidite muds and sands collected from Lamont piston cores represent a large range in age of detrital sources as well as a spectrum of tectonic settings. Pb isotope compositions of all but three of the 66 samples lie to the right of the 4.56 Ga Geochron, and most also lie along a slope consistent with a time-integrated κ (232Th/238U) between 3.8 and 4.2. Modern deep sea turbidites show a predictable negative correlation between both Pb and Sr isotope ratios and ϵNd and ϵHf, clearly related to the age of continental sources. However, the consistency between Pb and Nd isotopes breaks down for samples with very old provenance (ϵNd<−20) that are far less radiogenic than predicted by the negative correlation. The correlations among Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes also become more scattered in samples with very old provenance. The unradiogenic Pb isotopic character of modern sediments with Archean Nd model ages is consistent with a model where Th and U abundances of the Archean upper crust are significantly lower than the post-Archean upper crust.
Transformative Aspects of Genogram Work: Perceptions and Experiences of Graduate Students in a Counseling Training Program.

This study, involving both phenomenological interviews and a survey questionnaire, was designed to gain an in-depth understanding of the “genogram as process.” With a particular focus on the transformative aspects of genogram work, this study examined the experiences and perceptions of eight graduate students as they constructed and presented their genograms in a counseling program. Qualitative analysis of the data involved themes reflecting personal and professional growth, as well as transformations in students' relationships with their family-of-origin. The experience of self in the generational history and legacy of one's family provided a rich context for experiential and transformational learning. In this study, students experienced genogram work as contributing to their development and effectiveness as counselors and highly endorsed such work in counselor training.
Biocompatibility of dialysis membranes: Effects of chronic complement activation

Biocompatibility of dialysis membranes: Effects of chronic complement activation. The ability of three dialysis membranes (cuprophane, cellulose acetate, and polymethylmethacrylate) to activate complement was studied prospectively in ten chronic dialysis patients using new and reused membranes. Patients were dialyzed for 1 month with each type of membrane. New cuprophane membranes caused the most intense activation, while polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surfaces caused the least degree of complement activation. Reuse decreases the capacity of the cuprophane membrane to activate complement but does not significantly alter the capacity of cellulose acetate membranes. The extent of complement activation paralleled the ability of these membranes to induce neutropenia. Recurrent dialysis with new cuprophane and cellulose acetate membranes leads to a decrease in pre-dialysis and "rebound leukocytosis" neutrophil count, as well as a more intense activation of complement and an enhanced endogenous clearance of products of complement activation. The clinical sequelae of recurrent complement activation are discussed. Biocompatibilite des membranes de dialyse: effets de l'activite chronique du complement. La capacite de trois membranes de dialyse (cuprophane, acetate de cellulose, et polymethylmethacrylate) d'activer le complement a ete etudiee prospectivement chez dix dialyses chroniques en employant des membranes neuves ou deja utilisees. Les malades ont ete dialyses pendant 1 mois avec chaque type de membrane. Les membranes neuves en cuprophane entrainaient l'activation la plus intense, tandis que les surfaces en polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) etaient responsables du moindre degre d'activation du complement. La reutilisation diminue la capacite de la membrane de cuprophane a activer le complement mais ne modifie pas significativement celle des membranes en acetate de cellulose. L'importance de l'activation complementemique etait parallele a la capacite de ces membranes d'induire une neutropenie. Des dialyses repetees avec des membranes neuves de cuprophane ou d'acetate de cellulose conduisent a une baisse de la numeration des neutrophiles predialytique et a la "hyperleucocytose de rebound", a une activation plus intense du complement et a une stimulation de l'elimination endogene des produits de l'activation du complement. Les consequences cliniques d'une activation repetee du complement sont discutees.
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XVII. Changes in the characteristics of internal medicine residents and their training programs, 1988-1989.

The National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower (NaSimm) has been surveying program directors of internal medicine about their programs and residents for 13 years. The 1988-1989 survey results, when compared with the results for 1987-1988, show an increase in both the number of residency positions offered in internal medicine and the number of residents in internal medicine programs. Although the proportion of graduates from U.S. medical schools who choose internal medicine is not changing (34%), the proportion of U.S. medical school graduates who continue training in internal medicine after their first year is decreasing. The composition of the residents in internal medicine by medical school graduated is also changing. Almost 25% of the first-year residents (R1s) in internal medicine are now graduates of foreign medical schools (FMGs) compared with 14% in 1976. The proportion of first-year female residents in internal medicine has increased to 30%, whereas the proportion of both first-year blacks and Hispanics has remained constant at 5% each. In nearly 25% (109 of 440) of the residency programs, more than 50% of the R1s are FMGs. Hispanics, Asians, and blacks were found to be over-represented in the programs training larger proportions of FMGs. This over-representation is attributable, in part, to the fact that Hispanics and Asians may be FMGs. Training issues of concern to program directors continue to be the provision of ambulatory and primary care experiences and the scheduling of nights on call. The survey results show that many residency program directors have reported a reduction in the number of nights on call and an increase in the amount of time residents spend in ambulatory training.
Three approximation algorithms for solving the generalized segregated storage problem

Abstract The paper presents three approximation algorithms for solving the generalized segregated storage problem (GSSP). GSSP involves determining an optimal distribution of goods among a set of storage compartments with the segregation (physical separation) restrictions. GSSP is a new generalization of well-known segregated storage problem. The paper gives problem formulation and proposes three approximation algorithms for solving it: a specialized construction heuristic and two population-based algorithms: an evolutionary algorithm and a population learning algorithm. The algorithms are evaluated in computational experiments. The analysis of variance method was used for statistical analysis of obtained results.
Cues in Context: Analyzing the Heuristics of Referendum Voting with an Internet Survey Experiment

Internet surveys provide highly cost‐effective opportunities for analysts to conduct experimental research. Unlike small‐N laboratory experiments with unrepresentative groups, subjects in internet ...
Creep deformation and buttressing capacity of damaged ice shelves: theory and application to Larsen C ice shelf

Abstract. Around the perimeter of Antarctica, much of the ice sheet discharges to the ocean through floating ice shelves. The buttressing provided by ice shelves is critical for modulating the flux of ice into the ocean, and the presently observed thinning of ice shelves is believed to be reducing their buttressing capacity and contributing to the acceleration and thinning of the grounded ice sheet. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role that fractures play in the ability of ice shelves to sustain and transmit buttressing stresses. Here, we present a new framework for quantifying the role that fractures play in the creep deformation and buttressing capacity of ice shelves. We apply principles of continuum damage mechanics to derive a new analytical relation for the creep of an ice shelf that accounts for the softening influence of fractures on longitudinal deformation using a state damage variable. We use this new analytical relation, combined with a temperature calculation for the ice, to partition an inverse method solution for ice shelf rigidity into independent solutions for softening damage and stabilizing backstress. Using this new approach, field and remote sensing data can be utilized to monitor the structural integrity of ice shelves, their ability to buttress the flow of ice at the grounding line, and thus their indirect contribution to ice sheet mass balance and global sea level. We apply this technique to the Larsen C ice shelf using remote sensing and Operation IceBridge data, finding damage in areas with known crevasses and rifts. Backstress is highest near the grounding line and upstream of ice rises, in agreement with patterns observed on other ice shelves. The ice in contact with the Bawden ice rise is weakened by fractures, and additional damage or thinning in this area could diminish the backstress transmitted upstream. We model the consequences for the ice shelf if it loses contact with this small ice rise, finding that flow speeds would increase by 25% or more over an area the size of the former Larsen B ice shelf. Such a perturbation could potentially destabilize the northern part of Larsen C along pre-existing lines of weakness, highlighting the importance of the feedback between buttressing and fracturing in an ice shelf.
Casein degrading ability of hamster, rat and mouse salivary glands.

Abstract Considerable proteolytic activity (casein degrading ability) occurs in the salivary glands of the rat, mouse and hamster. The distribution of this enzyme, however, is not the same in each of the three rodents. Protease activity is highest in the submaxillary gland of the mouse, of intermediate value in the rat, and lowest in the hamster. Conversely, parotid gland protease is highest in the hamster, the rat again has an intermediate value, and the mouse parotid gland exhibits little or no activity. Acute pilocarpine stimulation in the hamster produces a marked elevation of submaxillary gland protease but has little effect on the tissue level of the enzyme in the parotid gland.
VACCINIA VIRUS MYOCARDITIS IN MICE: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND VIRUS ASSAY STUDY.

Abstract A correlative study involving virus assay and electron microscopic examination has been conducted of vaccinia virus myocarditis in mice. Mice between 5 and 7 days of age developed generalized vaccinia viral infection 4–7 days after subcutaneous inoculation. Histologic evidence of myocarditis was seen in more than one fourth of these mice. Virus was recovered in relatively high titers from the heart (10 6 PFU per gram) during the period when myocardial injury occurred; viremia was also present, but virus titers in the blood stream remained much below those in the heart. By electron microscopy, various morphologic forms of vaccinia virus particles were observed which were considered related to the sequence of virus maturation. Virus particles appeared occasionally in endothelial and interstitial cells of the heart, but most particles were observed in the cytoplasm of myocytes where they were seen between myofibrils and adjacent to mitochondria. Evidence of cellular damage was almost always present in myocytes containing clusters of developing virus particles. Early pathologic change in myocytes consisted of dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. More extensive changes involved mitochondria, formation of numerous dense osmiophilic bodies, and necrosis of the cell.
Radiative transfer in dust and the spectral flux distribution of NGC 1068

The continuum spectral flux distribution of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 is analyzed by detailed models of radiative transfer in an optically thick cloud of dust grains. For wavelengths short of 30 microns, models invoking a spherical dust cloud with visual optical depth near 10 in the nucleus of the galaxy can reproduce the observed spectrum in a way consistent with information derived from spectral lines. The far-infrared emission cannot be explained easily by dust in the nucleus, but it is hypothesized that this radiation is emitted by dust associated with the observed molecular clouds, and that these clouds lie outside the nucleus. This far-infrared emission, therefore, should be extended to the same degree as the molecular-cloud distribution. High angular resolution mapping will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Modifying Tests for Diverse Learners

Presents types of test modifications and various techniques teachers can employ in adapting their tests to meet the needs of individual mainstreamed students
Framing Questions to Attain Higher Educational Objectives (Educator's Corner)

The principal purpose of this article is to help engineering teachers improve the exercises and problems they use in classroom activities, homework assignments, and tests, and which are the dominant learning vehicles in much of engineering education. The intimate relationship between classroom problems and educational objectives is elucidated through the recently revised Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive skills, which organizes the learners' abilities in a hierarchy with six major categories and emphasizes the importance of attaining the higher-level abilities. The selection and construction of problems to reach a wider set of educational objectives is described in detail and illustrated through problems taken from the topic of noise figure of cascaded linear two-port networks to demonstrate how different cognitive abilities can be exercised within the same subject matter.
Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals high frequency of mutations in epigenetic regulators across treatment-naïve patient melanomas

Recent developments in genomic sequencing have advanced our understanding of the mutations underlying human malignancy. Melanoma is a prototype of an aggressive, genetically heterogeneous cancer notorious for its biologic plasticity and predilection towards developing resistance to targeted therapies. Evidence is rapidly accumulating that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Therefore, we sought to characterize the frequency and nature of mutations in epigenetic regulators in clinical, treatment-naive, patient melanoma specimens obtained from one academic institution. Targeted next-generation sequencing for 275 known and investigative cancer genes (of which 41 genes, or 14.9 %, encoded an epigenetic regulator) of 38 treatment-naive patient melanoma samples revealed that 22.3 % (165 of 740) of all non-silent mutations affected an epigenetic regulator. The most frequently mutated genes were BRAF, MECOM, NRAS, TP53, MLL2, and CDKN2A. Of the 40 most commonly mutated genes, 12 (30.0 %) encoded epigenetic regulators, including genes encoding enzymes involved in histone modification (MECOM, MLL2, SETD2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1B, ARID2), and DNA methylation and demethylation (TET2, IDH1). Among the 38 patient melanoma samples, 35 (92.1 %) harbored at least one mutation in an epigenetic regulator. The genes with the highest number of total UVB-signature mutations encoded epigenetic regulators, including MLL2 (100 %, 16 of 16) and MECOM (82.6 %, 19 of 23). Moreover, on average, epigenetic genes harbored a significantly greater number of UVB-signature mutations per gene than non-epigenetic genes (3.7 versus 2.4, respectively; p = 0.01). Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma mutation dataset also revealed a frequency of mutations in the 41 epigenetic genes comparable to that found within our cohort of patient melanoma samples. Our study identified a high prevalence of somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators, including those involved in DNA demethylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA processing. Moreover, UVB-signature mutations were found more commonly among epigenetic genes than in non-epigenetic genes. Taken together, these findings further implicate epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those involving the chromatin-remodeling enzyme MECOM/EVI1 and histone-modifying enzyme MLL2, in the pathobiology of melanoma.
Linking HIV/AIDS clients' self-care with outcomes.

The self-care practice of HIV/AIDS patients has become an important topic to help HIV/AIDS patients maintain their maximum level of well-being in chronic illness management. This article presents a self-care outcomes model that is applicable to HIV/AIDS nursing practice and research, and it identifies attributes and outcomes related to HIV/AIDS patients’self-care. The self-care outcomes model was developed based on the Outcomes Model for Health Care Research and literature review. Key variables related to HIV/AIDS self-care were summarized and discussed based on nine dimensions: client inputs, client processes, client outcomes, provider inputs, provider processes, provider outcomes, setting inputs, setting processes, and setting outcomes. This article reveals that self-care in HIV/AIDS is complex and may be influenced by many factors relating to individual, family, and health care system. More research with advanced multivariate statistical models and randomized controlled trial design will help determine the effectiveness of selfcare strategies and interventions.
Beyond the Aesthetic: The Historical Pursuit of Local Arts Economic Development

This study debunks the myth that arts economic development (AED) is a recent phenomenon. Although marked by piecemeal policies, different motivations, and scattered implementation, AED has played a...
Assessing Health Concerns

Individual variability in concern about health plays a role in health-relevant cognition and behavior. Our research examined the latent structure of health concerns in two samples, one a young and healthy college sample and the other an older sample of medical outpatients. In both samples, health concerns reflected two underlying components: (a) fear and worry about health and (b) tendency to report problems. Correlations between these components and several individual difference variables theoretically linked to the experience of health concerns provided evidence of concurrent validity. The implications of the separability of reporting a health problem and worrying about its meaning are discussed, and recommendations for future research are offered.
Phase structure of two-flavor quark matter: Heterogeneous superconductors

We analyze the free energy of charge- and color-neutral two-flavor quark matter within the BCS approximation. We consider both the homogeneous gapless superconducting phase and the heterogeneous mixed phase where normal and BCS superconducting phases coexist. We calculate the surface tension between normal and superconducting phases and use it to compare the free energies of the gapless and mixed phases. Our calculation, which retains only the leading-order gradient contribution to the free energy and ignores finite size effects such as Debye screening, indicates that the mixed phase is energetically favored over an interesting range of densities of relevance to two-flavor quark matter in neutron stars.
NIXON'S GRIN AND OTHER KEYS TO THE FUTURE OF CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

In January 1969, just before his inauguration as president, Richard M. Nixon attended a concert in his honor at Constitution Hall. The program consisted entirely of works by American composers, including Howard Hanson, then the director of the Eastman School of Music at the University of Rochester. Hanson's choral work “Song of Democracy,” a setting of two excerpts from poems by Walt Whitman, was the last number of the evening. Here is New York Times music critic Harold Schonberg's commentary on the event, which featured the National Symphony Orchestra and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir: “Song of Democracy” is not a very original or strong piece, but it makes a big brave sound in its concluding measures, and the well-trained Mormon Tabernacle Choir had a lusty time with it . . . Mr. Nixon listened intently, but grinned his way between numbers. At the end of the Hanson work, he was determined to be the first to applaud. He brought his fist down in a great downbeat, anticipating the conductor's by a good half measure. Afterwards, Schonberg reported, Nixon left the presidential box to congratulate Hanson personally.
Gender Stereotypes in Educational Software for Young Children

Children are increasingly being exposed to educational technology at school. In response to this, the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) drafted a set of technology standards for teachers (ISTE, 2002) that specifically states that teachers should empower all students and support diversity. This content analysis of educational software for preschoolers was designed to look at gender representations and stereotyping. The results demonstrated significantly more male characters than female characters in preschool educational software, which makes it difficult for teachers to address gender diversity and suggests that girls are not as valued as boys are. Male characters were also more likely than female characters to exhibit several masculine-stereotypical traits. In addition, female characters more than male characters exhibited counterstereotypical behaviors, yet were more gender stereotyped in appearance.
Psychology of Latino Adults: Challenges and an Agenda for Action

In 2004, Latinos in the United States numbered 41 million, with 31% under the age of 16. Over the period from 2000 to 2004, Latino population growth represented half the total growth in the United States (The National Academies 2007). Part of this considerable increase includes immigration from Latin America, some who confront major challenges in integrating into the country, such as lack of English proficiency and different norms and lifestyle circumstances (Guarnaccia et al. 2007). These new immigrants also sustain strong ties with their home communities, interacting by phone and email, which contributes to the maintenance of language and culture (Levitt et al. 2003; Viruell-Fuentes 2006). These transnational dynamics pose complex challenges of how best to provide services, given Latinos’ circumstances (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2001).
Field measurement of ventilation rates.

Ventilation rates have significant impacts on building energy use and indoor contaminant concentrations, making them key parameters in building performance. Ventilation rates have been measured in buildings for many decades, and there are mature measurement approaches available to researchers and others who need to know actual ventilation rates in buildings. Despite the fact that ventilation rates are critical in interpreting indoor concentration measurements, it is disconcerting how few Indoor Air Quality field studies measure ventilation rates or otherwise characterize the ventilation design of the study building(s). This paper summarizes parameters of interest in characterizing building ventilation, available methods for quantifying these parameters, and challenges in applying these methods to different types of buildings and ventilation systems. These parameters include whole-building air change rates, system outdoor air intake rates, and building infiltration rates. Tracer gas methods are reviewed as well as system airflow rate measurements using, for example, duct traverses. Several field studies of ventilation rates conducted over the past 75 years are described to highlight the approaches employed and the findings obtained.
Climate Feedback and Pleistocene Variations in the Atlantic South Equatorial Current

Ice-age cooling of the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean reflects both equatorial upwelling and advection of cool water off the southern-hemisphere eastern boundary, but the largest contribution appears to be advection. This conclusion is based on planktonic foraminiferal assemblages that vary over the last ~300 ky in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Core-top maps of these assemblages reveal relationships to 1) the tropical-subtropical warm pool, 2) equatorial and coastal upwelling, and 3) eastern boundary current advection. The faunal indices are not sensitive to selective dissolution, as they do not correlate with measures of preservation such as calcite fragmentation or water depth. The sequence of changes going into a glacial interval is 1) initial cooling associated with equatorial upwelling driven by trade winds, followed by 2) amplified cooling by intensified meridional winds along the SE Atlantic margin which advected cool Benguela Current water to the central equatorial Atlantic. The Gulf of Guinea maintained its present cyclonic gyre circulation in glacial time, bounded by a front similar to the present Angola-Benguela Front. We prefer a model in which thermal gradients in the southern hemisphere drive changes in the South Equatorial Currents.
Prominence-interpretation theory: explaining how people assess credibility online

Four years of research has led to a theory that describes how people assess the credibility of Web sites. This theory proposes that users notice and interpret various Web site elements to arrive at an overall credibility assessment. Although preliminary, this theory explains previous research results and suggests directions for future studies.
Haptic cooperation between people, and between people and machines

Haptic interaction between people and machines might benefit from an understanding of haptic communication between one person and another. We recently reported results showing that two people performing a physically shared dyadic task can outperform either person alone, even when the perception of each participant is that the other is a hindrance [1]. Evidently a dyad quickly negotiates a more efficient motion strategy than is available to individuals. This negotiation must take place through a haptic channel of communication, and it is apparently at a level below the awareness of the participants. Here we report results on the motion strategy that emerged. By recording forces and motions we show that the dyads "specialized" temporally such that one member took on early parts of the motion and the other late parts. Tests in which one participant's contribution was surreptitiously replaced by a motor did not elicit a similar cooperative response from the remaining human participant, showing that the language of haptic communication between people must be rather subtle.
High Generation Dendrimers via Thiol-Michael Click Chemistry

Polymeric systems have been purposed for drug delivery, tissue engineering and bioimaging by the medical community due to a host of properties and functions that may be designed into their structure. The most recently recognized members of the polymer family, dendrimers, are garnering significant attention due to a numerous of advantageous properties: monodispersity, multivalency, globular architecture and well-defined molecular weight. Unfortunately, the more widespread use of dendrimers is hindered by tedious multi-step syntheses that are plagued by inefficient conversions and difficult purifications. Herein, dendrimers up to the 4th-5th generation will be prepared through a quantitative, irreversible 'click' reaction between maleimides and thiols, and a thermodynamically driven reversible reaction between maleimides and furan. Specifically, branched monomers containing a thiol moiety and furan-protected maleimides on their periphery will be prepared. Then, dendrimer growth steps will be carried out under base-catalyzed ‘click’ conditions while subsequent deprotection and activation of maleimide groups will be accomplished through heating. Exploiting the orthogonality of the aforementioned reactions enables the design of new classes of highly efficient dendrimers with monodisperse growth. In addition, computational studies of a variety of thiols, Michael acceptors, bases, and solvents will be conducted in order to better understand the relative kinetics and energetics of the thiol-Micahel reaction.
The effect of use and access on citations

It has been shown (Lawrence, S. (2001). Online or invisible? Nature, 411, 521) that journal articles which have been posted without charge on the internet are more heavily cited than those which have not been. Using data from the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ads.harvard.edu) and from the ArXiv e-print archive at Cornell University (arXiv.org) we examine the causes of this effect.
Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis

Abstract Reduction in the time required for performing chemical analyses is all-important a s long a s it is not attained by sacrificing required accuracy o r precision. The time for an analysis can be translated into productivity which, in the long run, means money. In analytical laboratories which perform hundreds or even thousands of analyses daily, a time savings of minutes per analysis can be financially rewarding.
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for Lis1/Dynactin in Spindle Assembly and Mitotic Checkpoint Control

Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactin-dependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in mitotic checkpoint function. In addition, we develop an improved time-lapse video microscopy technique that allows live imaging of GFP-Lis1, GFP-Rod checkpoint protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled chromosomes, or GFP-labeled mitotic spindle dynamics in neuroblasts within whole larval brain explants. Our mutant analyses show that Lis1/dynactin have at least two independent functions during mitosis: first promoting centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly during prophase/prometaphase, and subsequently generating interkinetochore tension and transporting checkpoint proteins off kinetochores during metaphase, thus promoting timely anaphase onset. Furthermore, we show that Lis1/dynactin/dynein physically associate and colocalize on centrosomes, spindle MTs, and kinetochores, and that regulation of Lis1/dynactin kinetochore localization in Drosophila differs from both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. We conclude that Lis1/dynactin act together to regulate multiple, independent functions in mitotic cells, including spindle formation and cell cycle checkpoint release.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Adsorption and Swelling Isotherms of Human Hair in Water Vapor

Quantitative data on the length and diameter changes accompanying the adsorption of water by human hair are given as functions of the relative humidity. Data are also given on the effects of a load on the swelling isotherms. A theoretical treatment is proposed which accounts in a semi-quantitative way for the swelling isotherms and the effects of tension as well as for the adsorption isotherm.
Von Baer: Man of Many Talents

This biography is of great significance in that it enables us for the first time to assess the full stature of Karl Ernst von Baer, and to rank him among other leading biologists of the last century. His classic work Ueber Entwicklungsgeschichte der Tiere, Beobachtung und Reflexion (1828, 1837) established him as the founder of embryology as a modern science. But probably few biologists are aware of his other achievements: as an explorer and anticipator of modern ecology; as one of the intellectually most powerful pre-Darwinian evolutionists; as the founder of Russian anthropology, to mention only a few of his scientific activities. Several circumstances have contributed to the fact that these facets of his life have remained relatively obscure. His move, in 1834, from the Prussian University of Koenigsberg to St. Petersburg (now Leningrad) coincided with an abrupt change in his scientific work. He abandoned embryology completely and turned to other interests.
Ulipristal Acetate for Emergency Contraception

OBJECTIVE:To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of data of ulipristal acetate, a new emergency contraceptive approved for use up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.DATA SOURCES:Articles pertaining to the topic were identified and reviewed through searches of PubMed (1994-March 2011) and clinicaltrials.gov, using the key terms ulipristal and CDB-2914. Ella approval documents were obtained and reviewed from Drugs@FDA on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All published data and FDA approval documents examining pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies related to ulipristal acetate as an emergency contraceptive were evaluated. Selected studies included 3 randomized trials and 1 meta-analysis.DATA SYNTHESIS:Ulipristal acetate is a progesterone agonist/antagonist emergency contraceptive approved for the prevention of pregnancy to be taken as soon as possible, within 120 hours after unprotected intercourse or a known...
Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors Regulate Expression of the Bacillus subtilis yabE Gene via a cis-Acting Antisense RNA

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis yabE encodes a predicted resuscitation-promoting factor/stationary-phase survival (Rpf/Sps) family autolysin. Here, we demonstrate that yabE is negatively regulated by a cis-acting antisense RNA which, in turn, is regulated by two extracytoplasmic function σ factors: σX and σM.
HIGH-RESOLUTION IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND TUNEL STAINING WITH FREE-FLOATING BRAIN SECTIONS

We applied in situ hybridization and the TUNEL technique to free-floating (vibratomed) sections of embryonic and postnatal mouse CNS. Full-length cDNAs specific for oligodendrocyte- or astrocyte-specific genes were labeled with digoxigenin using the random primer method. With paraformaldehyde-fixed sections, the nonradioactive in situ hybridization method provides detection of individual, very small glial progenitor cells in embryonic development. Small, isolated cells expressing oligodendrocyte specific messages can be detected in the neuroepithelium at embryonic and postnatal stages. The technique can be completed within 3 days and is as sensitive as the radioactive method. Likewise, the TUNEL method using DAB as the chromogen on free-floating sections provides excellent resolution. These DAB-stained sections can be embedded in plastic and thin-sectioned to visualize the ultrastructure of apoptotic cells. Both in situ hybridization and TUNEL methods can be applied to the same section, the tissue embedded in plastic, and semithin sections cut. The high resolution obtained with this combined procedure makes it possible to determine whether brain cells expressing glia-specific messages are undergoing apoptosis.
Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

BackgroundDifferent theories of the link between socio-economic status (SES) and mental illness have been postulated. In particular, two theories of this association, social causation and social selection, differ in the implied causal pathway. The authors employ behavior genetic modeling to consider evidence for both social selection and social causation in the relationship between income variation and internalizing disorders.MethodBehavior genetic modeling was used to estimate the presence of gene–environment interaction (GxE, social causation) in the presence of gene–environment correlation (rGE, social selection). Participants were members of a sample of 719 twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study. Four internalizing (INT) syndromes were assessed: major depression (MD); generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); panic attacks (PA); neuroticism (N). SES was measured with total family household income.ResultsOne factor best accounted for the variance shared between MD, GAD, PA and N. The etiology of variation in INT changed from high to low levels of income, with unique environmental factors playing a larger role in INT variation at lower levels of income. Across levels of income, rGE between income and INT was modest (low income ra=0.39 to high income ra=0.54), implying a selection process operating through genetic effects linking lower income with INT psychopathology.ConclusionsFindings support social causation by suggesting that low income contributes significantly to environmental variation in INT. Modest support was found for social selection, but should be extended using longitudinal designs. Effective interventions for internalizing psychopathology may differ depending on income.
Finite Dimensional Algebras

Let k be a discrete field. A k-algebra is a ring A that is also a vector space over k, satisfying λ(ab) = (λa)b = a(λb) for each λ in k and a, b in A. If A and B are k-algebras, then a homomorphism from A to B is a ring homomorphism that is also a k-linear transformation. The term finite dimensional, when applied to a structure S that is a vector space over k, like a k-algebra, signifies that S is a finite-dimensional vector space over k.
Netilmicin: a review of toxicity in laboratory animals.

The data on the toxicity of netilmicin in laboratory animals as well as preliminary data in man are reviewed. Netilmicin is less toxic to the VIIIth nerve than is gentamicin in all species tested. The data suggest that it probably is less ototoxic than tobramycin, although confirmatory studies should by performed. Netilmicin is also less nephrotoxic than gentamicin in all species tested. It is less nephrotoxic than tobramycin in the rat and dog. Comparisons in the rat suggest that netilmicin has aflat dose – response curve that resembles the curve produced by streptomycin. In animals, netilmicin produces more neuromuscular blockade than gentamicin; however, neuromuscular blockade with aminoglycosides in man is rare and thus far no episodes have been associated with netilmicin during clinical investigation. Initial clinical studies in man indicate that netilmicin is efficacious and well tolerated. Presently available data suggest that netilmicin offers distinct advantages over older aminoglycosides. Final ...
Esophageal perforation following cervical mediastinoscopy: a rare serious complication

We describe a rare case of esophageal perforation following cervical mediastinoscopy on a patient with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and right upper lobe (RUL) mass. The patient was successfully treated with esophageal stenting and bilateral pleural exploration and drainage with eventual discharge tolerating a regular diet. This report details an uncommon but noteworthy complication to keep in mind when performing this procedure.
Competition Policy and Law in Latin America; From Distributive Regulations to Market Efficiency

This paper provides an overview of recent developments regarding the regulation of competition in Latin America with a special emphasis on the convergence and divergence of the various regimes. It reviews the regulatory framework of competition and addresses the substantive rules applicable to competition. It also examines the law enforcement system including administrative bodies, procedures, sanctions, and judicial reviews. Finally it provides a short discussion on enforcement standards relating to competition as well as offering final comments.
Robust adaptive control of Underwater Vehicles for precision operations

Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for close-proximity operations (e.g., close to the seafloor, a vessel, or divers) requires robust, precise vehicle control. When performing joint human-robot operations, a Robotic Diver Assistant can perform tasks such as tool carrying, worksite illumination, or other tasks that a dive buddy might perform. Precise control of the AUV normally requires accurate knowledge of the vehicle's dynamics; however, such models are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, the utility of the resulting model is diminished if, for example, the vehicle configuration changes intentionally or unexpectedly. An ideal control system allows the AUV to handle uncertain environmental conditions, varying payload configurations, and actuator failures. Adaptive control can give an agile AUV the necessary robustness for close-proximity operations, including joint robot-diver operations. Model Reference Adaptive Controls is investigated here for heave control of an agile,
A Mark-Recapture Method for Measuring Effects of Spatial Separation of Horses on Tabanid (Diptera) Movement Between Hosts

Two methods were evaluated for estimating the spatial barriers that may be required for the reduction of mechanical transmission of disease agents by tabanids. Both methods measured the transfer of marked tabanids among 4 horses tethered in a square formation. When feeding flies were marked without interrupting feeding, only 3.2% of 750 tabanids transferred to other hosts. When feeding flies were marked, captured, released 0.31 m from the feeding site, and recaptured, 52% of 1157 tabanids were recaptured. The transfer of tabanids between hosts was linearly dependent upon the assay distance.
Consumer Complaints and Managerial Response: A Holistic Approach:

An exploratory study examined manager and consumer perceptions of appropriate responses to complaint letters. The responses were analyzed separately and then compared to determine how effectively t...
Visible Light Sensitization of TiO2 Nanotubes by Bacteriochlorophyll-C Dyes for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells

Biomimetic sensitizers have evolved over millions of years to absorb and utilize sunlight and therefore are highly desirable to produce efficient, low cost, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells. We report on the sensitization of TiO2 nanotubes by bacteriochlorophyll-c (BChl c) extracted from photosynthetic bacteria. BChl c is notable for its high conversion efficiency inside the bacteria, which makes it a promising candidate for a naturally derived sensitizer for TiO2. A photocurrent conversion efficiency of 0.1% was observed at 600–800 nm, corresponding to the absorption peak in BChl c; a photoanode efficiency of 0.23% was measured at around −0.1 VSCE. Stability tests under simulated sunlight showed stable photocurrents over the course of 14 min. Mechanisms that currently limit the efficiency include the formation of BChl c aggregates on TiO2, which may increase recombination, and possibly interface defects, which decrease charge injection to the nanotubes and trapping of photogenerated charges.
T-helper 1-type cytokines induce apoptosis and loss of HER-family oncodriver expression in murine and human breast cancer cells.

// Prachi Namjoshi 1 , Lori Showalter 1 , Brian J. Czerniecki 2 , Gary K. Koski 1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Correspondence to: Gary K. Koski, email: dendritic_cell@hotmail.com Keywords: apoptosis, HER-2, T-helper 1, IFN-γ, TNF-α Received: February 16, 2016 Accepted: May 12, 2016 Published: June 25, 2016 ABSTRACT A recent neoadjuvant vaccine trial for early breast cancer induced strong Th1 immunity against the HER-2 oncodriver, complete pathologic responses in 18% of subjects, and for many individuals, dramatically reduced HER-2 expression on residual disease. To explain these observations, we investigated actions of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) on murine and human breast cancer cell lines that varied in the surface expression of HER-family receptor tyrosine kinases. Breast cancer lines were broadly sensitive to the combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α, as evidenced by lower metabolic activity, lower proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis, and in some cases a reversible inhibition of surface expression of HER proteins. Apoptosis was accompanied by caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, the pharmacologic caspase-3 activator PAC-1 mimicked both the killing effects and HER-2-suppressive activities of Th1 cytokines, while a caspase 3/7 inhibitor could prevent cytokine-induced HER-2 loss. These studies demonstrate that many in vivo effects of vaccination (apparent tumor cell death and loss of HER-2 expression) could be replicated in vitro using only the principle Th1 cytokines. These results are consistent with the notion that IFN-γ and TNF-α work in concert to mediate many biological effects of therapeutic vaccination through the induction of a caspase 3-associated cellular death mechanism.
The triadic approach to supervision in group psychotherapy.

(1974). The Triadic Approach to Supervision in Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 471-476.
Social representation of cyberbullying and adolescent suicide: a mixed-method analysis of news stories

Cyberbullying has provoked public concern after well-publicized suicides of adolescents. This mixed-methods study investigates the social representation of these suicides. A content analysis of 184 U.S. newspaper articles on death by suicide associated with cyberbullying or aggression found that few articles adhered to guidelines suggested by the World Health Organization and the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention to protect against suicidal behavioral contagion. Few articles made reference to suicide or bullying prevention resources, and most suggested that the suicide had a single cause. Thematic analysis of a subset of articles found that individual deaths by suicide were used as cautionary tales to prompt attention to cyberbullying. This research suggests that newspaper coverage of these events veers from evidence-based guidelines and that more work is needed to determine how best to engage with journalists about the potential consequences of cyberbullying and suicide coverage.
Effect of Combination Therapy on Adherence Among US Patients Initiating Therapy for Hypertension: a Cohort Study

Background New trial evidence suggests that many patients may require more aggressive pharmacologic management to achieve lower blood pressure goals. Especially when first initiating anti-hypertensive treatment, it is unknown whether starting patients on multiple medications may be better for long-term adherence and persistence compared with starting one medication.