cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excimer laser angioplasty: potential application of new technologies

There are four major questions to be resolved in laser angioplasty. (1) What is the optimal laser wavelength for vascular recanalization? (2) What is the best design of fiber-optic waveguide delivery systems and catheters? (3) What is the optima) system for monitoring the effect of the laser energy? (4) What is the effect, immediate and long term, of laser ablation on vascular tissue? Recent developments in laser source technology, fiber optics, understanding the laser-tissue interaction, and catheter design suggest answers to these questions.
Security and monitoring in ad-hoc and peer-to-peer networks

This dissertation focuses on five key security issues in the widely growing areas of peer-to-peer, ad-hoc, and wireless computer networks. (1) First, the dissertation identifies several security vulnerabilities in one of the reputation management protocols for the Gnutella peer to-peer network. It also proposes an updated protocol, that is resilient to the attacks. (2) The dissertation presents a fully self-organized bootstrapping protocol for establishing authenticated channels in wireless ad-hoc networks. The protocol also assigns secure identifiers to network nodes. It operates using unreliable broadcast communication medium, thus being well suited for ad-hoc wireless scenarios. The identification framework provided by the protocol has good resilience against impersonation attacks. (3) The dissertation also presents a method to identify a wireless transceiver using inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware. The method used is to measure the time it takes for the transceiver to process certain radio frames, and to construct its fingerprint based on that data. Techniques developed are easily applicable to the task of monitoring a wireless network. The classification procedure used to identify wireless devices has an average success rate of 86%. (4) The fingerprinting method is then used as a basis for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The network-based IDS for wireless networks that the dissertation proposes, employs the anomaly detection approach. It is able to identify impersonation and Sybil attacks, that are hard to detect using traditional approaches. (5) The dissertation also presents an anonymous routing protocol. The protocol is original in allowing existing routes to adapt to shorter routes resulting from node mobility. More specifically, if the network topology changes after the route is established in a way that creates a shorter route, that route should be made available for forwarding data messages. The dissertation shows how the protocol preserves anonymity in the face of both internal and external adversaries.
Functionalized 3D Architected Materials via Thiol-Michael Addition and Two-Photon Lithography

Fabrication of functionalized 3D architected materials is achieved by a facile method using functionalized acrylates synthesized via thiol-Michael addition, which are then polymerized using two-photon lithography. A wide variety of functional groups can be attached, from Boc-protected amines to fluoroalkanes. Modification of surface wetting properties and conjugation with fluorescent tags are demonstrated to highlight the potential applications of this technique.
Immunoassay-Based Tumor Marker Measurement: Assays, Applications, and Algorithms

Tumor markers are molecules derived from patient body fluids or tissues that are measured and can provide information useful for the management of cancer patients. Applications include detection of cancer, monitoring of disease progression, and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic regimens, among others. Henry Bence-Jones discovered the first tumor marker in 1846—a protein seen in acidified urine of patients with multiple myeloma (1). Since that time, many more tumor markers have been described for a variety of other cancers. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several of these markers (Table 1), and many more are being investigated and evaluated for clinical use. The goal of this chapter is to review how tumor marker assays are evaluated, describe the applications of tumor markers, provide details on the detection of tumor markers using immunoassays, and then list examples of clinically useful tumor markers that are used in the clinical laboratory today. Although the last few years have witnessed a plethora of developments in molecular testing of tumor markers, these will not be discussed here, as we will restrict our discussion to immunoassay-based detection methods.
A novel measure and significance testing in data analysis of cell image segmentation.

Cell image segmentation (CIS) is an essential part of quantitative imaging of biological cells. Designing a performance measure and conducting significance testing are critical for evaluating and comparing the CIS algorithms for image-based cell assays in cytometry. Many measures and methods have been proposed and implemented to evaluate segmentation methods. However, computing the standard errors (SE) of the measures and their correlation coefficient is not described, and thus the statistical significance of performance differences between CIS algorithms cannot be assessed. We propose the total error rate (TER), a novel performance measure for segmenting all cells in the supervised evaluation. The TER statistically aggregates all misclassification error rates (MER) by taking cell sizes as weights. The MERs are for segmenting each single cell in the population. The TER is fully supported by the pairwise comparisons of MERs using 106 manually segmented ground-truth cells with different sizes and seven CIS algorithms taken from ImageJ. Further, the SE and 95% confidence interval (CI) of TER are computed based on the SE of MER that is calculated using the bootstrap method. An algorithm for computing the correlation coefficient of TERs between two CIS algorithms is also provided. Hence, the 95% CI error bars can be used to classify CIS algorithms. The SEs of TERs and their correlation coefficient can be employed to conduct the hypothesis testing, while the CIs overlap, to determine the statistical significance of the performance differences between CIS algorithms. A novel measure TER of CIS is proposed. The TER’s SEs and correlation coefficient are computed. Thereafter, CIS algorithms can be evaluated and compared statistically by conducting the significance testing.
Michael Additions Involving Amino Acid Esters with Alkenyl N-Heterocycles

Michael addition has been achieved with a variety of amino acid esters and 2- or 4-vinylpyridine. Similar reactions were accomplished with an alkenyl-substituted pyrimidine, pyrazine, thiazole, quinoxaline, benzoxazole, and quinolone. In reactions at a prochiral center, modest diastereoselectivities were observed with the formation of the new stereogenic carbon. NMR experiments indicate that the addition reaction is reversible under acidic conditions.
Conjugative plasmid transfer in Xylella fastidiosa is dependent on tra and trb operon functions.

The insect-transmitted plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is capable of efficient horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and recombination. Natural transformation occurs at high rates in X. fastidiosa, but there also is evidence that certain strains of X. fastidiosa carry native plasmids equipped with transfer and mobilization genes, suggesting conjugation as an additional mechanism of HGT in some instances. Two operons, tra and trb, putatively encoding a conjugative type IV secretion system, are found in some but not all X. fastidiosa isolates, often on native plasmids. X. fastidiosa strains that carry the conjugative transfer genes can belong to different subspecies and frequently differ in host ranges. Using X. fastidiosa strain M23 (X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa) or Dixon (X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex) as the donor strain and Temecula (X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa) as the recipient strain, plasmid transfer was characterized using the mobilizable broad-host-range vector pBBR5pemIK. Transfer of plasmid pBBR5pemIK was observed under in vitro conditions with both donor strains and was dependent on both tra and trb operon functions. A conjugative mechanism likely contributes to gene transfer between diverse strains of X. fastidiosa, possibly facilitating adaptation to new environments or different hosts.IMPORTANCEXylella fastidiosa is an important plant pathogen worldwide, infecting a wide range of different plant species. The emergence of new diseases caused by X. fastidiosa, or host switching of existing strains, is thought to be primarily due to the high frequency of HGT and recombination in this pathogen. Transfer of plasmids by a conjugative mechanism enables movement of larger amounts of genetic material at one time, compared with other routes of gene transfer such as natural transformation. Establishing the prevalence and functionality of this mechanism in X. fastidiosa contributes to a better understanding of HGT, adaptation, and disease emergence in this diverse pathogen.
Do It KWIC

In the last chapter a simple function was created within a call to the sapply function. In this chapter we explore user-defined functions more broadly and write a function for producing a keyword in context (KWIC) list.
Diagnosing Vulnerability Patterns in Cloud Audit Logs

A service cloud architecture that allows web service compositions to answer complex requests improves the accessibility and flexibility of web services from different vendors. However, security issues exist in the service cloud, including both vulnerabilities of traditional web service communications and new issues brought by inter-cloud communications. Cloud-wide auditing to uncover security issues is a complex task due to the large scale and decentralized structure of the cloud environment. Existing security standards, protocols and auditing mechanisms can provide audit logs, but in most cases, these logs cannot pinpoint type, location, and impact of threats. Given a cloud architecture that specifies the scope of audit logs and a definition of the expected auditable events in the cloud providing evidence of potential threats, we define Vulnerability Diagnostic Trees (VDTs) to formally manifest vulnerability patterns across several audit trails generated within the service cloud. Our attack examples are based on the allocation of services to a web service composition that answers a client request through end-to-end round trip messaging.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with Neuropsychiatric Presentation

Psychiatric manifestations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are uncommon and may not immediately raise consideration for this diagnosis. The 2015 revision of the NMOSD criteria has expanded on the classic findings of optic neuritis plus transverse myelitis, thus helping the clinician consider this diagnosis with more atypical presentations. We present the case of a child with inflammatory CNS lesions plus psychiatric symptoms, whose initial aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP-4 Ab) test was negative. However, 5 years after the onset of her symptoms, she was retested and had positive serum AQP-4 Ab, confirming the diagnosis of NMOSD. This chapter will consider the NMOSD in association with psychiatric manifestations and its possible relationship with other antibody-mediated diseases.
An Introduction to Writing for Electronic Media: Scriptwriting Essentials Across the Genres

"Wonderfully practical....just what every media writer needs." Christopher H. SterlingGeorge Washington University* Learn what it takes to write for commercials, news, documentaries, corporate, educational, animation, games, the internet, and dramatic film & video productions * Outlines the key skills needed for a successful media writing career The demand for quality and knowledgeable multi-platform writing is always in high demand. An Introduction to Writing for Electronic Media presents a survey of the many types of electronic media you can write for, and explains how to do it. Musburger focuses on the skills you need to write for animation versus radio or television news versus corporate training. Sample scripts help you learn by example while modeling your own scripts. Production files illustrate the integral role writers' play in the production process, and individual movie frames allow you compare these to the real scripts. Armed with the skills developed in this book, a media writer can apply for a variety of positions in newsrooms, advertising firms, motion pictures or animation studios, as well as local and national cable operations. Robert B. Musburger, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus and former Director of the School of Communication, University of Houston, USA. He has worked for 20 years in professional broadcasting, serving as camera operator, director, producer, and writer. Musburger has received numerous awards for his video work and teaching and he continues to work in electronic media with his Seattle, WA,. consulting firm, Musburger Media Services."[An] authoritative and clearly written description of the processes involved in writing for film, radio and television production."Raymond Fielding, Dean EmeritusFlorida State University
Antibiotic use patterns in endoscopic sinus surgery: a survey of the American Rhinologic Society membership.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data supporting antibiotic use in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The objective of this study is to determine perioperative antibiotic use patterns and factors which influence use in ESS. METHODS An online-based survey was distributed to members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS). Outcomes included timing of perioperative antibiotic use, practice environment, years of experience, and patient factors that influenced antibiotic use. RESULTS There were 204 responses (response rate 18.3%); 36.8% of respondents were in academic positions, 32.8% were in private practice, and 30.4% were in academic-affiliated private practice; 20.6% routinely gave preoperative antibiotics, most commonly to reduce bacterial burden (59.5%) and mucosal inflammation (59.5%); 54.4% routinely gave intraoperative antibiotics, most commonly to reduce the risk of postoperative infection (63.1%); 62.3% routinely gave postoperative antibiotics, citing the need to reduce the risk of postoperative infection (75.6%). Diagnosis influenced postoperative antibiotic use in 63.0%. Preoperative antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed by respondents with more than 5 years of experience (odds ratio [OR] 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 8.54; p = 0.043). Compared to private practitioners, academicians were more likely to give intraoperative antibiotics (OR 2.68; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.17; p = 0.003), but not preoperative or postoperative antibiotics. Use of nonabsorbable packing was significantly associated with use of postoperative antibiotics (OR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.77; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the significant variation in perioperative antibiotic use among otolaryngologists. These results provide support for the establishment of evidence-based practice guidelines for perioperative antibiotic use in ESS.
Eastern national parks protect greater tree species diversity than unprotected matrix forests

Abstract Decline in tree species diversity is a widespread trend in eastern US forests, with implications for ecosystem functions and services, biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change and other stressors. While some impacts on diversity are widespread such as forest pests, forest management practices vary across the landscape. For example, forests in US national parks are managed to promote ecological integrity, develop under natural disturbance regimes, and are largely protected from timber harvesting. In this study we compared forests in 39 eastern US national parks with surrounding matrix forests to assess whether forest protection has led to differences in tree diversity patterns in parks. We calculated multiple alpha and beta diversity metrics using tree stem data. We examined alpha diversity metrics at the scale of the 7.31 m radius subplot and for an equal number of individuals, and examined beta diversity at multiple scales. This is the first study to compare tree diversity in protected lands with the surrounding forest matrix over such a large area of the US, and is only possible because of the 10+ years of data that are publicly available from US Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and the National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) programs. Overall, results indicated that park forests have consistently greater alpha diversity. Park forests have higher tree species richness, particularly after the influence of the number of individuals was removed. Park forests also consistently had higher Shannon Evenness, lower McNaughton Dominance, and higher percentage of rare species. Beta diversity analyses also suggest that parks were less homogenous across sites, although results are exploratory due to differences in scale and small sample size. While a number of studies have documented higher diversity in protected areas, few studies have examined multiple diversity metrics or covered the large area of our study. Combining these results with a previous study, which found parks to have consistently greater structural complexity than surrounding forests, park forests may respond differently and potentially be more resilient to climate change and other stressors than unprotected forests, as there is a greater chance that some of the tree species or size cohorts present will persist through climate change. Continued monitoring is important to determine how forests respond to climate change and other stressors, and whether specific management actions, such as protecting more forests, translocating species, or altering management practices, are necessary to maintain forest biodiversity and function.
New Developments in the Medical Treatment of Glaucoma

To focus on new medical therapies that lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma. We summarize new classes of medications to help treat open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, including modified prostaglandin analogues, such as latanoprostene bunod, and prostanoid receptor agonists, ONO-9054 and DE-117. We summarize the differences among the Rho kinase inhibitors that modulate the actin cytoskeleton. We present preclinical and clinical data on the adenosine receptor agonist, trabodenoson, and the RNAi-based compound, bamosiran. Several promising drugs with novel mechanisms of action are in development to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma. The Food and Drug Administration approved latanoprostene bunod and netasurdil for commercial use in late 2017. These drugs mark the first new compounds to treat glaucoma in over two decades.
Developing and Implementing a Higher Education Quality Initiative.

The Oakland University School of Education and Human Services' Quality Initiative is discussed in the context of the history of higher education and quality management, with comparison to initiatives at Fordham University, Lienhard School of Nursing, the College of Nursing at Rush University, the University of Alabama, Oregon State University, and the University of Illinois
Estimation of Subject Means in Fixed and Mixed Models with Application to Longitudinal Data

The purpose of this paper is to present a clear definition and interpretation of random effects that is consistent with the classical finite population context, and summarize results that identify optimal estimates of random effects. We identify when best linear unbiased predictors should and should not be used for estimating realized random effects. The development is based on traditional frequentist finite population methods, and provides a valuable bridge between frequentist and Bayesian methods. A key aspect of the results is definition of an appropriate sample space for evaluating properties of random effects. We motivate and illustrate these results via a simple example, summarizing more general results.
Jet-A-Way Inc.: Winning Despite the Odds

"This is the hand that God dealt me and I am going to play it" Darlene Jeter, 1991. Darlene Jeter, co-founder of Jet-A-Way Inc., a recycling and waste disposal company, became CEO in 1991 upon the death of her husband, Eddie Jeter. Despite a recent loss of almost 50% in their company’s revenue, Jeter decided to keep the cards she was dealt, playing for the longer run. Today, Jet-A-Way is a seventeen million dollar company. A certified minority-owned business near downtown Boston, Jet-A-Way became known as a family-run company that gives back to the community in jobs and in service. Now Jeter and her team face new challenges—a volatile industry, production issues and the succession of her son Jesse Jeter as CEO while Darlene shifts her role to “Madame Chair.”
Performance-based design with life-cycle cost assessment for damping systems integrated in wind excited tall buildings

Abstract The application of performance-based design (PBD) is gaining increasing interest in the wind engineering community. A popular design approach to minimize wind induced vibrations in flexible civil structures is to size structural stiffness and supplemental damping systems in order to restrict the motion to a given threshold for providing safety and comfort, while ensuring that structural components meet strength requirements. In this paper the PBD paradigm is extended to wind excited tall buildings equipped with motion control systems. The objective is to improve the design of damping systems under different wind events while considering maximum acceleration as performance measure. In addition, since the installation of damping devices implies additional costs (e.g., installation and maintenance costs) while it helps decreasing the costs associated with performance failure, a life-cycle analysis (LCA) is integrated in the PBD. In the LCA framework, the percentage of building occupants affected by discomfort and motion sickness caused by excessive wind-induced vibrations is considered to account for the consequences of different target performance levels. The developed PBD is applied to a 39-story building that has documented issues with excessive vibrations under wind events. The wind load is simulated as a multivariate stochastic process, in the time domain. Two passive vibration mitigation strategies are investigated: viscous and friction dampers, both designed to meet the target performance levels. LCA are conducted for the building equipped with each damper type, and benchmarked against the one without dampers. Results show that the PBD leads to a rational and economically effective approach for the design of the damping systems in wind excited tall buildings.
Making structural change with relational power: A gender analysis of faith-based community organizing

This article presents research on faith-based community organizing in the US to examine how congregation members engage in structural change efforts related to marginalized populations. Examining the case of one organizing model, justice ministry, congregations focus on power defined through relationships, cultivated in informal spaces, and communicated through personal narrative (traditionally private, feminine spheres), and change is enacted by creating tension in public (traditionally masculine) spaces with decision-makers. A growing body of literature presents nuanced gender analyses of policy advocacy, social movements, and community change efforts both in terms of strategic models of action and revisiting our understanding of historical movements. We ask questions about how the expectations and work are constrained or facilitated by cultural expectations of gender roles and power dynamics. Examining the organizing model of justice ministry through a gender lens helps to understand how an emphasis on relational power (traditionally gendered as feminine) facilitates and strengthens the use of a range of tools, including publicly challenging authority (more frequently gendered as masculine). While the private/public, feminine/masculine dichotomy has severe limitations and risks oversimplification, the utility remains in helping name and challenge real power differentials based on gender.
Age-Standardized Mortality of Persons on Probation, in Jail, or in State Prison and the General Population, 2001-2012.

Objectives:The number of adults in the United States being held on probation—persons convicted of crimes and serving their sentence in the community rather than in a correctional facility—approache...
Severe adult-onset atopic dermatitis mistaken for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in a medically complex patient.

A 45-year-old previously healthy man presented to the hospital with acute left foot pain with numbness, coldness, blue discoloration, a blackened third toe and chills for 4 days. Over the last year, he had the onset of a whole-body pruritic rash and unintentional 25 kg weight loss. He denied any
Regulation of dopamine-dependent transcription and cocaine action by Gadd45b

Exposure to drugs of abuse produces robust transcriptional and epigenetic reorganization within brain reward circuits that outlives the direct effects of the drug and may contribute to addiction. DNA methylation is a covalent epigenetic modification that is altered following stimulant exposure and is critical for behavioral and physiological adaptations to drugs of abuse. Although activity-related loss of DNA methylation requires the Gadd45 (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) gene family, very little is known about how this family regulates the activity of brain reward circuits or behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we combined genome-wide transcriptional profiling, pharmacological manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, and CRISPR tools with traditional knockout and behavioral approaches in rodent model systems to dissect the role of Gadd45b in dopamine-dependent epigenetic regulation and cocaine reward. We show that acute cocaine administration induces rapid upregulation of Gadd45b mRNA in the rat nucleus accumbens, and that knockout or site-specific CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown of Gadd45b blocks cocaine conditioned place preference. In vitro, dopamine treatment in primary striatal neurons increases Gadd45b mRNA expression through a dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1)-dependent mechanism. Moreover, shRNA-induced Gadd45b knockdown decreases expression of genes involved in psychostimulant addiction, blocks induction of immediate early genes by DRD1 stimulation, and prevents DRD1-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45b knockdown decreases striatal neuron action potential burst duration in vitro, without altering other electrophysiological characteristics. These results suggest that striatal Gadd45b functions as a dopamine-induced gene that is necessary for cocaine reward memory and DRD1-mediated transcriptional activity.
Linear Covariance Navigation Analysis of Range and Image Measurement Processing for Autonomous Lunar Lander Missions

Growing interest in autonomous landing on the lunar surface has motivated in-depth studies of the navigation architectures to support such missions. The research presented in this paper extends linear covariance models of terrain-relative navigation architectures to incorporate both image-based measurements to known landmarks and laser range measurements to the lunar surface. The benefit of the range measurements is shown to be significant in reducing relative position and velocity errors in the altitude channel, as compared to an image-only navigation architecture. The range measurements are also shown to reduce the sensitivity of final relative navigation errors to the turn-on time of both image and range measurements, resulting in a more robust system design.
Binding of Formic Acid on Anatase TiO2(101)

The adsorption of formic acid (FA) and the formation of formate species on metal oxide surfaces are of great interest in catalysis. Formic acid is used to probe the adsorption properties of surface...
Ecological theory of mutualism: Models generalizing across different mechanisms

Abstract Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, provide important ecosystem services, and involve many species of interest for conservation. Theoretical progress on the population dynamics of mutualistic interactions, however, has comparatively lagged behind that of trophic and competitive interactions. Consequently, ecologists still lack a generalized framework to investigate the population dynamics of mutualisms. Here, we propose extensible models for two-species mutualisms focusing on nutritional, protection, and transportation mechanisms and evaluate the population-level consequences of those mechanisms. We introduce a novel theoretical framework that highlights characteristic dynamics when the effects of mutualism are directly dependent or independent of recipient density and when they saturate due to inter- or intra-specific density-dependence. We end by integrating our work into the broader historical context of population-dynamic models of mutualism and conclude that a general ecological theory of mutualism exists.
Sum-frequency excitation of coherent magnons

Coherent excitation of magnons is conventionally achieved through Raman scattering processes, in which the difference-frequency components of the driving field are resonant with the magnon energy. Here, we describe mechanisms by which the sum-frequency components of the driving field can be used to coherently excite magnons through two-particle absorption processes. We use the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert formalism to compare the spin-precession amplitudes that different types of impulsive stimulated and ionic Raman scattering processes and their sum-frequency counterparts induce in an antiferromagnetic model system. We show that sum-frequency mechanisms enabled by linearly polarized driving fields yield excitation efficiencies comparable or larger than established Raman techniques, while elliptical polarizations produce only weak and circular polarizations no sum-frequency components at all. The mechanisms presented here complete the map for dynamical spin control by means of Raman-type processes.
Engineered Gene Drives: Ecological, Environmental, and Societal Concerns

This chapter overviews the types, purposes, and potential impacts of gene drive organisms (GDOs) and discusses challenges with foreseeing and assessing these impacts prior to their environmental release. It concludes with a few examples of risk analysis methods and governance systems that scholars have proposed to cope with the novelty of GDOs and uncertainties associated with their use. With GDOs poised for release in the near future, it is urgent that technologists, ecologists, social scientists, ethicists, stakeholders, and publics work together to grapple with the immense challenges associated with assessments of GDOs and the design of governance systems to ensure their responsible development and potential use.
Synthesis and superconducting properties of a Rb 3 C 60 single crystal

A pristine ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ single crystal with larger than millimeter dimensions was prepared by reaction of rubidium vapor with a seed-grown ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ single crystal (which exhibited remarkably sharp x-ray-diffraction peaks). A narrow superconducting transition width \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ (5--85% diamagnetic shielding) of the ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ single crystal is less than 1 K. The onset of the transition was at a temperature, ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$=30.0tK. Measurements of temperature dependence of the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled dc magnetization (using ten applied magnetic fields up to 5.0 T) are reported here. These and magnetization vs field data at different temperatures (ranging from 2 to 29 K) have been used to determine thermodynamic superconducting parameters, including the lower [${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}1}$(T)] and upper [${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}2}$(T)] critical fields, the Ginsburg-Landau coherence length \ensuremath{\xi}, and the London or Ginzburg-Landau penetration depth, \ensuremath{\lambda}. These are significantly different from those extracted from similar data in the literature for powder specimens. Hysteresis and magnetic relaxation measurements have been used to determine the nominal critical current density ${\mathrm{J}}_{\mathrm{c}}$(H,T) and the effective-pinning potential ${\mathrm{U}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$(J,H), respectively.
Added value of deep learning-based liver parenchymal CT volumetry for predicting major arterial injury after blunt hepatic trauma: a decision tree analysis

In patients presenting with blunt hepatic injury (BHI), the utility of CT for triage to hepatic angiography remains uncertain since simple binary assessment of contrast extravasation (CE) as being present or absent has only modest accuracy for major arterial injury on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) liver injury grading is coarse and subjective, with limited diagnostic utility in this setting. Volumetric measurements of hepatic injury burden could improve prediction. We hypothesized that in a cohort of patients that underwent catheter-directed hepatic angiography following admission trauma CT, a deep learning quantitative visualization method that calculates % liver parenchymal disruption (the LPD index, or LPDI) would add value to CE assessment for prediction of major hepatic arterial injury (MHAI). This retrospective study included adult patients with BHI between 1/1/2008 and 5/1/2017 from two institutions that underwent admission trauma CT prior to hepatic angiography (n = 73). Presence (n = 41) or absence (n = 32) of MHAI (pseudoaneurysm, AVF, or active contrast extravasation on DSA) served as the outcome. Voxelwise measurements of liver laceration were derived using an existing multiscale deep learning algorithm trained on manually labeled data using cross-validation with a 75–25% split in four unseen folds. Liver volume was derived using a pre-trained whole liver segmentation algorithm. LPDI was automatically calculated for each patient by determining the percentage of liver involved by laceration. Classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were performed using a combination of automated LPDI measurements and either manually segmented CE volumes, or CE as a binary sign. Performance metrics for the decision rules were compared for significant differences with binary CE alone (the current standard of care for predicting MHAI), and the AAST grade. 36% of patients (n = 26) had contrast extravasation on CT. Median [Q1–Q3] automated LPDI was 4.0% [1.0–12.1%]. 41/73 (56%) of patients had MHAI. A decision tree based on auto-LPDI and volumetric CE measurements (CEvol) had the highest accuracy (0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.91) with significant improvement over binary CE assessment (0.68, 95% CI 0.57–0.79; p = 0.01). AAST grades at different cut-offs performed poorly for predicting MHAI, with accuracies ranging from 0.44–0.63. Decision tree analysis suggests an auto-LPDI cut-off of ≥ 12% for minimizing false negative CT exams when CE is absent or diminutive. Current CT imaging paradigms are coarse, subjective, and limited for predicting which BHIs are most likely to benefit from AE. LPDI, automated using deep learning methods, may improve objective personalized triage of BHI patients to angiography at the point of care.
Palliative Care for Polio and Postpolio Syndrome.

Palliative care is a team-based approach focusing on relief of physical, psychosocial, and existential distress and communication about serious illness. Patients with poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome are at risk for contractures and can benefit from involvement of physical and occupational therapy. Hypersialorrhea can be treated with anticholinergic medications, botox, or radiation. Patients with dyspnea may require noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ± opioids or benzodiazepines. Constipation is often due to autonomic dysfunction and decreased mobility. There is a higher burden of anxiety. Early conversations about patients' goals and values as it relates to their health may help frame future decision-making.
Risk of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Infants Younger than 3 Months With Minor Blunt Head Trauma.

Study objective Infants with head trauma often have subtle findings suggestive of traumatic brain injury. Prediction rules for traumatic brain injury among children with minor head trauma have not been specifically evaluated in infants younger than 3 months old. We aimed to determine the risk of clinically important traumatic brain injuries, traumatic brain injuries on computed tomography (CT) images, and skull fractures in infants younger than 3 months of age who did and did not meet the age-specific Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) low-risk criteria for children with minor blunt head trauma. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of infants Results Of 10,904 patients Conclusion The PECARN traumatic brain injury low-risk criteria accurately identified infants
Stochastic Logarithmic Lipschitz Constants: A Tool to Analyze Contractivity of Stochastic Differential Equations.

We introduce the notion of stochastic logarithmic Lipschitz constants and use these constants to characterize stochastic contractivity of It\^o stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with multiplicative noise. We find an upper bound for stochastic logarithmic Lipschitz constants based on known logarithmic norms (matrix measures) of the Jacobian of the drift and diffusion terms of the SDEs. We discuss noise-induced contractivity in SDEs and common noise-induced synchronization in network of SDEs and illustrate the theoretical results on a noisy Van der Pol oscillator. We show that a deterministic Van der Pol oscillator is not contractive. But, adding a multiplicative noise makes the underlying SDE stochastically contractive.
Body Part Representation, Fragmentation and Patterns of Ertebølle Deer Exploitation in Northwest Zealand, Denmark

The faunal assemblages from Asnaes Havnemark, Farevejle and Trustrup, located in northwest Zealand, Denmark, yielded extensive yet substantially fragmented bone material dating predominantly to the late Mesolithic Ertebolle culture, ca. 5400–3950 cal BC. This paper presents a combined assessment of skeletal part representation of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from these three sites in conjunction with quantification of overall fragmentation data for the assemblages. These data indicate that the observed pattern of skeletal part abundance is most consistent with a pattern of density-mediated skeletal attrition, and therefore the whole carcasses were initially deposited. Deer were not part of a logistic exploitation strategy at these sites. This indicates variability during the Ertebolle period not only in which resources were exploited, but in how these resources were processed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEDNA - Bioacoustic analysis toolbox

The possible effects of anthropogenic noise on the marine environment is becoming an important topic in the oceanic community. The exploration for fossil-fuel or alternative energy and the construction of facilities to support these endeavors often requires sizable construction efforts; which usually require permitting to study the impact of noise on the environment. Of particular interest is the variety of data products used to influence environmental impact reports and the processing time required to generate these data from large amounts of passive acoustic recordings. This paper outlines work being done by the Bioacoustics Research Program at Cornell University and the Lab of Ornithology, (BRP) for developing MATLAB tools in support of environmental compliance reporting. Due to the success of acoustic monitoring, understanding acoustic signatures is now becoming part of environmental impact assessment and required compliance for permitting. BRP has leveraged various existing tools and capabilities which result in integrated special purpose software tools within a MATLAB toolbox called SEDNA1. SEDNA incorporates various tools to measure acute and chronic noise levels, detect and classify marine mammal vocalizations, and compute various metrics such as receive levels, signal excess, masking and communication space. This work will summarize the high performance computing strategy used in the SEDNA Toolbox along with the capability to integrate various layers of data within a modeling framework that incorporates ambient noise, vessel and animal data. Finally, the work will demonstrate the power of this approach through animated data visualization, showing animal, vessel and ambient noise integrated over relatively large temporal and spatial scales.
History of Nutritional Science

Historically, the study of nutritional science has been significant for an understanding of the food requirements of humans and animals and the diseases which occur as a consequence of diets deficient in micronutrients Keywords: protein; vitamins; deficiency diseases
Laparoscopic myomectomy: Methods to control bleeding

Most of the surgeons find it difficult to perform myomectomy when it bleeds during the procedure as it becomes difficult to get into the correct plane of dissection. If this bleeding or blood staining of tissues is prevented it will be easier to get into the correct plane of dissection. In several studies, it is found that bilateral uterine artery ligation, at origin, does not interfere with future fertility as the end vessels and collaterals of the uterus are not interfered with. As no energy source is used to incise the myoma once Vasopressin has been used, the myomectomy scar integrity is better, as noted by various surgeons.
Promotion of pro-osteogenic responses by a bioactive ceramic coating

The objective of this study was to analyze the responses of bone-forming osteoblasts to Ti-6Al-4V implant material coated with silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC50). Osteoblast differentiation at the interface with SCPC50-coated Ti-6Al-4V was correlated to the adsorption of high amount of serum proteins, high surface affinity to fibro- nectin, Ca uptake from and P and Si release into the medium. SCPC50-coated Ti-6Al-4V adsorbed significantly more serum protein (p < 0.05) than control uncoated substrates. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that the SCPC50 coating had a high affinity for serum fibronectin. Protein conformation anal- yses by FTIR showed that the ratio of the area under the peak for amide I/amide II bands was significantly higher (p < 0.05) on the surface of SCPC50-coated substrates than that on the surface of the control uncoated substrates. Moreover, ICP � OES analyses indicated that SCPC50-coated substrates with- drew Ca ions from, and released P and Si ions into, the tissue culture medium, respectively. In conjunction with the favor- able protein adsorption and modifications in medium compo- sition, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells attached to SCPC50- coated substrates expressed 10-fold higher level of mRNA encoding osteocalcin and had significantly higher production of osteopontin and osteocalcin proteins than cells attached to the uncoated Ti-6A1-4V substrates. In addition, osteoblast-like cells attached to the SCPC50-coated substrates produced significantly lower levels of the inflammatory and osteoclasto- genic cytokines, IL-6, IL-12p40, and RANKL than those attached to uncoated Ti-6Al-4V substrates. These results sug- gest that SCPC50 coating could enhance bone integration with orthopedic and maxillofacial implants while minimizing the induction of inflammatory bone cell responses. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 3314-3325, 2012.
l-Arabinose Binding Protein from Escherichia coli B/r

A protein which is capable of binding l-arabinose-1-(14)C has been isolated from l-arabinose-induced cultures of Escherichia coli B/r. Analysis for this l-arabinose-binding protein (ABP) in a number of l-arabinose-negative mutants suggests that the ABP is not coded for by any of the known genetic units of the l-arabinose complex yet is under the control of the regulator gene araC. The ABP has been purified and found to bind l-arabinose, d-fucose, d-xylose, and l-ribulose with decreasing affinities. The K(m) for l-arabinose is 5.7 x 10(-6)m. The molecular weight, as determined by equilibrium centrifugation, was found to be 32,000. The protein was observed to have many features that liken it to other recently isolated binding proteins that have been implicated in the active transport of small molecules.
The second SIR-C education CD-ROM

The first educational CD-ROM generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the Shuttle Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) project was a great success, with over 5000 copies distributed to educators across the United States. SIRCED01 was a pre-launch look at the sites to be covered by the SIR-C mission from several different perspectives, using radar images, shuttle hand-held photographs taken by the astronauts, digitized location and topographic maps and ground photos. The second SIR-CED CD-ROM contains radar images, hand-held photographs and scientific results from the SIR-C missions, which flew on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in April and October of 1994. The CD includes short, digitized movies describing the missions and their science highlights. The CD-ROM includes an updated Teacher's Guide and presentation materials to be used in the classroom. Students can learn about imaging radar and observing the Earth's changing environment using this package, then go on to complete a project of their own, involving construction of a scientific hypothesis, data analysis and reporting of results. Incorporated into the CD-ROM is a 'road map', which uses a World Wide Web browse program to give an introduction to the CD and shows the user where to find materials on it.
Diagnosis of childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior: unmet needs for suicide prevention

This article highlights strategies for diagnosing risk for childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior. Empirical studies identifying risk factors for childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior guided recommendations for suicide risk assessment. Diagnostic assessment involves identification of multiple factors including demographic characteristics, suicidal behavior, psychopathology, interpersonal problems, family discord, family psychopathology, accessibility of lethal suicide methods, exposure to suicide, and protective factors. Interview methods and self-report questionnaires are reliable and valid in identifying suicidal risk but are limited by low base rates of suicide. Identification of risk factors as foci for intervention is important for suicide prevention.
Ogston and the development of prochirality theory

Ogston's explanation for differentiation of identical groups in symmetrical compounds led to the important stereochemical concept of prochirality, which in turn, has made significant contributions to the understanding of enzyme reaction mechanisms.
Lipid-protein relationships in erythrocyte membranes revealed by paramagnetic quenching of protein fluorescence

1. Paramagnetic quenching of erythrocyte membrane protein fluorescence by nitroxide-labelled lipid analogues has been studied as a function of temperature and quencher concentration, as well as after cross-linking of membrane proteins by glutaraldehyde. 2. Quenching due to nitroxide stearates reveals a static component, due to binding of quencher molecules to protein, superimposed upon a diffusion-limited component. 3. Static quenching decreases progressively above 35 degree C, a temperature region where a thermotropic discontinuity is known to occur (Bieri, V. G. and Wallach, D. F. H. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 406, 415-423). 4. Diffusion-limited quenching becomes progressively more prominent as the temperature is raised above 15 degree C. 5. Exposure of membranes to varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde indicates that membrane proteins relatively poorly accessible to cross-linking are those responsible for the membrane thermotropism above 35 degree C. 6. Protein fluorophores accessible to androstane nitroxide are saturated at a low quencher/protein ratio. This ratio is stable below 35 degree C but increases by 50% between 35 and 55 degree C.