cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are spine injuries sustained in battle truly different

Abstract Background context The severity and prognosis of combat-related injuries to the spine and spine injuries sustained unrelated to direct combat have not been previously compared. Differences may have implications on tactics, treatment strategies, and directions for future research. Purpose Compare the severity and prognosis of battle and nonbattle injuries to the spine. Study design Retrospective study. Patient sample American military personnel who were injured in a combat zone and whose medical data were abstracted in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR). Methods The JTTR was queried using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify all individuals who sustained battle and nonbattle injuries to the neck, back, spinal column, or spinal cord in Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom from October 2001 to December 2009. Medical records of all identified servicemembers were individually reviewed. Demographic information, including sex, age, military rank, date of injury, and final disposition, was obtained for all patients. Spinal injuries were categorized according to anatomic location, associated neurologic involvement, precipitating mechanism of injury (MOI), and concomitant wounds. These data points were compared for the groups battle spine injuries (BSIs) and nonbattle spine injuries (NBSIs). Results Five hundred two servicemembers sustained a total of 1,834 battle injuries to the spinal column, including 1,687 fractures (92%), compared with 92 servicemembers sustaining 267 nonbattle spinal column injuries, with 241 (90%) fractures. Ninety-one BSI servicemembers (18% of patients) sustained spinal cord injuries (SCIs) with 41 (45%) complete SCIs, compared with 13 (14% of patients) nonbattle SCIs with six (46.2%) complete injuries (p=.92). The reported MOI for 335 BSI servicemembers (66.7%) was an explosion compared with one NBSI explosive injury. Eighty-four patients (17%) sustained gunshot wounds (GSWs) in battle compared with five (5.2%) nonbattle GSWs. Fifteen patients (3.0%) sustained a battle-related fall compared with 29 (30%) nonbattle-related falls. Battle spine injury servicemembers underwent significantly higher rates of surgical interventions (p Conclusions Battle spine injury and NBSI are separate entities that may ultimately have disparate long-term prognoses. Nonbattle spine injury patients, although having similar MOIs compared with civilian spinal trauma, maintain a different patient demographic. Further research must be directed at accurately quantifying the long-term disabilities of all spine injuries sustained in a combat theater, whether they are the result of battle or not.
GASTRIC LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

A 9-year-old female spayed mixed-breed dog was presented with a ten-week history of vomiting. A survey abdominal radiograph showed a soft tissue mass on the lesser curvature of the stomach and an adjacent thickened greater curvature. A barium contrast study confirmed the presence of this mass. The radiographic diagnosis was gastric tumor. Radiographic signs of gastric neoplasia include soft tissue masses or thickening of the stomach wall, delayed gastric emptying, immobility of portions of the stomach wall, and residual stomach-wall staining by barium. Necropsy revealed a gastric lymphosarcoma that had infiltrated the entire circumference of the pyloric antrum. The most common gastric malignancy in the dog is adenocarcinoma. Gastric lymphosarcoma is considered rare.
Oral Communication in Business and Industry: Results of a Survey on Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Presentations:

This research project focuses on the nature of oral presentations given (and produced) by scientific, technical, and managerial professionals working in business and industry. Our findings are survey-based; they reflect responses to a range of “issues” about technical/professional presentations, including these: 1) frequency; 2) target audience(s); 3) objectives; 4) types; 5) lengths; 6) data/information base; 7) use of visuals; 8) equipment; 9) obstacles; and 10) training. Our results indicate that presentations are frequently used in business, industry, and government and involve a wide variety of managerial audiences within organizations. Primary objectives of presenters surveyed are to inform (“sharing information”) and instruct/train.
EVALUATION OF AN INTEGRATED WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLAN: CASE OF ULUABAT (APOLLONIA) LAKE, TURKEY

Wetlands have global, regional, and local values in terms of hydrologic, biogeochemical, and ecological criteria. Especially in developing countries such as Turkey, a continued unsustainable development process, which degrades nature, has also been threatening wetlands. The main problem is the relationship between the stakeholders and local economic interests, which is often conflicting. International agreements such as the Ramsar Convention are key actions for solving these problems in terms of wise-use principles. In this study, Uluabat Integrated Wetland Management Plan, which was prepared under Ramsar principles, has been evaluated as a case study. Uluabat is one of the most important wetlands, not only because of its regional and local usage, but also its global merits such as serving as a wintering and feeding area for some endangered species. The investigated plan is important for Turkey as a pioneer study. It can be seen as a framework rather than a comprehensive plan. It needs not only some revision in its content but also some additional activities, such as monitoring and evaluation. Integrating it with a regional rural development project is needed in order to achieve proposed objectives.
Return on Investment in Managerial Training

Abstract People are the main competitive advantage of any organization. Ensuring cost effective training and development will help an organization be successful and provide return on investment in training. Because of the economy of recent years, it has become even more critical that organizations justify their expenses. Despite the fact that training is important, it has to produce benefits that outweigh costs. The current study analyzed the return on investment of a managerial training program in 24 restaurants of a quick service hamburger restaurant chain based in the Midwestern U.S. The study was designed to train managers in customer “over” satisfaction using one of three training methods: classroom training, on-the-job training and interactive media training. It then compared the changes in the dependent variables: mystery shopper scores, customer complaints as a percent of total customers, and customer satisfaction survey scores. The author used a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) that...
Reconceptualizing Approaches to Human Trafficking: New Directions and Perspectives from the Field(s)

Scholars and advocates across several movements have attempted to develop approaches to human trafficking that would best serve the needs and support the rights of all migrant workers and survivors of trafficking. Many U.S.-based and international groups organizing for immigrant, labor, sex worker, and sexual and reproductive health rights, understand the need for collaborations among them. Yet, such connections have been largely obstructed by the U.S. federal government approach to trafficking, which emphasizes sex trafficking over other forms of labor. There is a growing consensus among advocates that current U.S. anti-trafficking policies and practices that focus on law enforcement and anti-prostitution efforts detrimentally impact the rights of trafficked persons. Advocates increasingly witness a prosecutorial approach to trafficking narrowly focused on criminalizing prostitution as a purported means to stop trafficking. Meanwhile, enforcement agencies largely neglect the broader phenomenon of trafficking into agriculture, domestic service, restaurants, hotels, manufacturing, and construction. This article discusses the local and global consequences of the United States government approach toward human trafficking. This article also evaluates U.S. policies and practices across multiple sectors that relate to human trafficking including prostitution, labor migration, and sexual and reproductive health rights. By providing an overview of current issues, problems, and concerns within the anti-trafficking movement and within related rights-based movements, this article seeks to facilitate the development of a new anti-trafficking paradigm. This paradigm evaluates trafficking within a broader framework and provides the foundation for a cross-sectoral alliance to challenge mainstream approaches to human trafficking and to create new strategies to protect the rights of trafficked persons, migrant workers, and women against the negative impact of United States policies and practices.
Data Analysis with Two Groups

This note illustrates several data analysis techniques that can be used to compare two groups of interval data.
Ino80 is essential for proximal-distal axis asymmetry in part by regulating Bmp4 expression

Understanding how embryos specify asymmetric axes is a major focus of biology. While much has been done to discover signaling pathways and transcription factors important for axis specification, comparatively little is known about how epigenetic regulators are involved. Epigenetic regulators operate downstream of signaling pathways and transcription factors to promote nuclear processes, most prominently transcription. To discover novel functions for these complexes in axis establishment during early embryonic development, we characterized phenotypes of a mouse knockout (KO) allele of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 ATPase. Ino80 KO embryos implant, but fail to develop beyond the egg cylinder stage. Ino80 KO embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are viable and maintain alkaline phosphatase activity, which is suggestive of pluripotency, but they fail to fully differentiate as either embryoid bodies or teratomas. Gene expression analysis of Ino80 KO early embryos by in situ hybridization and embryoid bodies by RT-PCR shows elevated Bmp4 expression and reduced expression of distal visceral endoderm (DVE) markers Cer1, Hex, and Lefty1. In culture, Bmp4 maintains stem cell pluripotency and when overexpressed is a known negative regulator of DVE differentiation in the early embryo. Consistent with the early embryo, we observed upregulated Bmp4 expression and down-regulated Cer1, Hex, and Lefty1 expression when Ino80 KO ESCs are differentiated in a monolayer. Molecular studies in these same cells demonstrate that Ino80 bound to the Bmp4 promoter regulates its chromatin structure, which correlates with enhanced SP1 binding. These results in combination suggest that Ino80 directly regulates the chromatin structure of the Bmp4 promoter with consequences to gene expression. In contrast to Ino80 KO differentiated cells, our experiments show that undifferentiated Ino80 KO ESCs are viable, but fail to differentiate in culture and in the early embryo. Ino80 KO ESCs and the early embryo up-regulate Bmp4 expression and down-regulate the expression of DVE markers Cer1, Hex and Lefty1. Based on this data, we propose a model where the Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex represses Bmp4 expression in the early embryo, thus promoting DVE differentiation and successful proximal-distal axis establishment. These results are significant because they show that epigenetic regulators have specific roles in establishing embryonic axes. By further characterizing these complexes, we will deepen our understanding of how the mammalian embryo is patterned by epigenetic regulators.
Global Health Diplomacy, "San Francisco Values," and HIV/AIDS: From the Local to the Global.

Abstract Background San Francisco has a distinguished history as a cosmopolitan, progressive, and international city, including extensive associations with global health. These circumstances have contributed to new, interdisciplinary scholarship in the field of global health diplomacy (GHD). In the present review, we describe the evolution and history of GHD at the practical and theoretical levels within the San Francisco medical community, trace related associations between the local and the global, and propose a range of potential opportunities for further development of this dynamic field. Methods We provide a historical overview of the development of the “San Francisco Model” of collaborative, community-owned HIV/AIDS treatment and care programs as pioneered under the “Ward 86” paradigm of the 1980s. We traced the expansion and evolution of this model to the national level under the Ryan White Care Act, and internationally via the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. In parallel, we describe the evolution of global health diplomacy practices, from the local to the global, including the integration of GHD principles into intervention design to ensure social, political, and cultural acceptability and sensitivity. Results Global health programs, as informed by lessons learned from the San Francisco Model, are increasingly aligned with diplomatic principles and practices. This awareness has aided implementation, allowed policymakers to pursue related and progressive social and humanitarian issues in conjunction with medical responses, and elevated global health to the realm of “high politics.” Conclusions In the 21st century, the integration between diplomatic, medical, and global health practices will continue under “smart global health” and GHD paradigms. These approaches will enhance intervention cost-effectiveness by addressing and optimizing, in tandem with each other, a wide range of (health and non-health) foreign policy, diplomatic, security, and economic priorities in a synergistic manner—without sacrificing health outcomes.
Asymmetric translation between multiple representations in chemistry

ABSTRACTExperts are more proficient in manipulating and translating between multiple representations (MRs) of a given concept than novices. Studies have shown that instruction using MR can increase student understanding of MR, and one model for MR instruction in chemistry is the chemistry triplet proposed by Johnstone. Concreteness fading theory suggests that presenting concrete representations before abstract representations can increase the effectiveness of MR instruction; however, little work has been conducted on varying the order of different representations during instruction and the role of concreteness in assessment. In this study, we investigated the application of concreteness fading to MR instruction and assessment in teaching chemistry. In two experiments, undergraduate students in either introductory psychology courses or general chemistry courses were given MR instruction on phase changes using different orders of presentation and MR assessment questions based on the representations in the c...
The Post-operaist Approach to the Formal and Real Subsumption of Labor Under Capital. Seminar with Michael Hardt.

The Post-operaist Approach to the Formal and Real Subsumption of Labor Under Capital. Seminar with Michael Hardt.
Rank-Based Kernel Estimation of the Area Under the ROC Curve

Abstract In medical diagnostics, the ROC curve is the graph of sensitivity against 1-specificity as the diagnostic threshold runs through all possible values. The ROC curve and its associated summary indices are very useful for the evaluation of the discriminatory ability of biomarkers/diagnostic tests with continuous measurements. Among all summary indices, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is the most popular diagnostic accuracy index, which has been extensively used by researchers for biomarker evaluation and selection. Sometimes, taking the actual measurements of a biomarker is difficult and expensive, whereas ranking them without actual measurements can be easy. In such cases, ranked set sampling based on judgment order statistics would provide more representative samples yielding more accurate estimation. In this study, Gaussian kernel is utilized to obtain a nonparametric estimate of the AUC. Asymptotic properties of the AUC estimates are derived based on the theory of U-statistics. Intensive simulation is conducted to compare the estimates using ranked set samples versus simple random samples. The simulation and theoretical derivation indicate that ranked set sampling is generally preferred with smaller variances and mean squared errors (MSE). The proposed method is illustrated via a real data analysis.
Neuropeptides in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration

Although the genomic era is no longer in its infancy, the life sciences are still facing questions about the role of endogenous proteins and peptides in homeostasis and pathologies. Delving into one of the most current fields of interest in biology and medicine, Neuropeptides in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration describes the impact of neuropep
Safety and Efficacy of Polymeric Clips for Appendiceal Stump Closure.

Background and objectives Laparoscopic appendectomy remains one of the most common emergency general surgical procedures in the United States. In an era of increasing focus on costs in medical care, we sought to evaluate the use of polymeric clips to secure the appendiceal base during laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy from April 2013 through September 2014 at a single academic teaching institution. Polymeric clips were used to secure the appendiceal stump. Tissue dissection techniques and control of the mesoappendix were the operating surgeon's choice. Clinical outcomes are reported. Results A total of 25 patients (56% women; mean age, 41 y; body mass index of 29 kg/m(2)) were enrolled in our study and underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with polymeric clips. One patient was unable to have polymeric clips placed due to inflammation of the appendiceal base. There were no major perioperative complications. One patient developed a suture abscess in the umbilical incision, and another had prolonged ileus with computed tomography demonstrating persistent pelvic fluid that did not require intervention. Median length of stay was 1 d and mean length of follow-up was 81 d. The use of polymeric clips contributed ∼ $32 to the overall operative cost. Conclusions Polymeric clips are a safe alternative for securing the appendiceal base in laparoscopic appendectomy. They offer significant cost savings without any evidence of increased complications.
Managerial Control Ratios: an Integrated Analytical Framework

Economic development rests heavily on two closely interrelated processes: specialisation and integration. The increasing specialisation of human capacities, organisational functions, productive facilities and other resources offers the enticing prospect of still further gains in efficiency along with reductions in cost. But these potentials can be realised only if the growing multiplicity of specialised operations can be effectively fitted together so as to minimise overlapping, conflicts and dislocations among the parts. For many years now the largely technical developments which underlie specialisation have been forging ahead more rapidly than the capacity of industrial establishments to utilise fully the advances which they offer. One of the major reasons for this lag has been the failure to improve managerial control techniques, which are the tools of integration.
Circular RNAs: Unexpected outputs of many protein-coding genes

Pre-mRNAs from thousands of eukaryotic genes can be non-canonically spliced to generate circular RNAs, some of which accumulate to higher levels than their associated linear mRNA. Recent work has r...
Physics of waves: Warning from the deep

Insights from the emerging field of branched flow are directing us towards a way of anticipating the effects of tsunamis. A framework linking bathymetric fluctuations to wave physics marks a promising step forward.
Differential Inhibitory Effects of Chlorpromazine on the Responses of Lymphocytes to Mitogens and Allogeneic Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the differential inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is known to exert its pharmacologic and local anesthetic effect by binding to cell surface membranes. In an experiment described in the chapter for mitogen inhibition, CPZ produced a marked depression (70–100%) of 3H-thymidine (TdR) uptake in concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin, PWM, or LPS stimulated murine spleen cell cultures. CPZ in mitogen inhibitory concentrations did not affect binding of radiolabelled Con A to lymphocytes. This suggests that CPZ inhibits a critical membrane mediated event necessary for the “triggering” by a mitogen of “resting” G phase lymphocytes into S phase in both T and B cells. CPZ inhibits the proliferative response in allogeneic MLC utilizing mouse spleen cells. Complete inhibition of Tdr incorporation occurs if CPZ is added as the stimulator cell population simultaneously with the mitogen stimulated cultures. In the in vitro MLC generation of H-2 target specific cytotoxic lymphocytes employing Balb x-rayed MLC with EL4 tumor target cells, CPZ had no inhibitory effect on the effector limb.
Polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites for structural vibration damping and strain sensing

Polyaniline (PANI)/11% Multi-carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites sensors were synthesized through an in situ polymerization method. Frits compression method was adopted to make PANI/MWCNT. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests results showed that this technique produced a coating of PANI onto the MWCNT, which indicated that CNT were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. Several tests were run to evaluate the sensor’s capabilities. The free end vibration test results showed that the double sided attachment of the sensor had higher damping ratio values than single sided attachment. Also, damping ratios were higher when the sensor was placed at the clamped end. Further, the strain sensing properties of PANI/MWCNT sensors were compared with the conventional foil strain gage. The dynamic sensing test results showed that over the range of 10–1000 Hz, the PANI/MWCNT composite sensor was consistently superior to the traditional foil strain gage for sensing purposes.
Load to failure of different zirconia implant abutments with titanium components

Abstract Statement of problem Abutments with a zirconia superstructure and a titanium insert have recently become popular. Although they have been tested under static load, their performance under simulated mastication is not well known. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cyclic load to failure of 3 types of zirconia abutments with different mechanisms of retention of the zirconia to the titanium interface. Material and methods Fifteen implants (n=5 per system) and abutments (3 groups: 5 friction fit [Frft]; 5 bonded; and 5 titanium ring friction fit [Ringfrft]) were used. Abutments were thermocycled in water between 5°C and 55°C for 15000 cycles and then cyclically loaded for 20000 cycles or until failure at a frequency of 2 Hz by using a sequentially increased loading protocol up to a maximum of 720 N. The load to failure for each group was recorded, and 1-way analysis of variance was performed. Results The mean load-to-failure values for the Frft group was 526 N, for the Bond group 605 N, and for the Ringfrft group 288 N. A statistically significant difference was found among all abutments tested ( P Conclusions Abutments with the bonded connection showed the highest load-to-failure value, and the abutment with the titanium ring friction fit connection showed the lowest load-to-failure value.
The Solar Photon Sail Comes of Age

Solar photon sailing, spacecraft propulsion by the pressure of sunlight, has long been a theoretical concept. During 2010, two successful missions—one in Earth orbit and one in deep space—demonstra...
Applications of fuzzy logic in household appliances

This paper presents the state–of–the–art in appliance technology using fuzzy set theory. Twelve consumer appliances currently in the world market will be discussed. Different models/manufacturers of each appliance will be compared and analysed where appropriate. Analysis criterion consists of cost, ease of use, efficiency, and advantages over conventional products. A chart of fuzzy–logic appliances will summarise these developments.
Coordination of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans with Wnt Signaling To Control Cellular Migrations and Positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Heparan sulfates (HS) are linear polysaccharides with complex modification patterns, which are covalently bound via conserved attachment sites to core proteins to form heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs regulate many aspects of the development and function of the nervous system, including cell migration, morphology, and network connectivity. HSPGs function as cofactors for multiple signaling pathways, including the Wnt-signaling molecules and their Frizzled receptors. To investigate the functional interactions among the HSPG and Wnt networks, we conducted genetic analyses of each, and also between these networks using five cellular migrations in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that HSPG core proteins act genetically in a combinatorial fashion dependent on the cellular contexts. Double mutant analyses reveal distinct redundancies among HSPGs for different migration events, and different cellular migrations require distinct heparan sulfate modification patterns. Our studies reveal that the transmembrane HSPG SDN-1/Syndecan functions within the migrating cell to promote cellular migrations, while the GPI-linked LON-2/Glypican functions cell nonautonomously to establish the final cellular position. Genetic analyses with the Wnt-signaling system show that (1) a given HSPG can act with different Wnts and Frizzled receptors, and that (2) a given Wnt/Frizzled pair acts with different HSPGs in a context-dependent manner. Lastly, we find that distinct HSPG and Wnt/Frizzled combinations serve separate functions to promote cellular migration and establish position of specific neurons. Our studies suggest that HSPGs use structurally diverse glycans in coordination with Wnt-signaling pathways to control multiple cellular behaviors, including cellular and axonal migrations and, cellular positioning.
Stacked Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Free Flaps with Immediate Implant Placement for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction

Background Autologous flaps can be used in combination with prosthesis in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is considered the preferred choice among autologous tissue transfer techniques. In patients with a breast volume asymmetry, there are several options for attaining an optimal reconstructive and aesthetic result. Methods This report presents a patient who underwent a combination of reconstructive techniques to achieve volumetric symmetry. Results The patient had a previous bilateral augmentation mammoplasty, was then treated for left breast carcinoma with a lumpectomy and radiation, and since that time had a recalcitrant left capsular contracture despite multiple operative interventions. The patient ultimately chose to have autologous left breast reconstruction and a stacked DIEP flap with simultaneous implant placement was performed. Conclusion In cases of significant volumetric asymmetry, a stacked DIEP flap in combination with a prosthesis is a novel and safe solution.
Leadership, goal acceptance, and QMS conformance readiness: exploring the mediating effects of audit team cohesion

The significance of quality management system certification continues to increase as signalled by growth in the number of companies that have implemented quality systems conforming to the ISO 9001 ...
Advancing Pediatric Palliative Oncology Through Innovation

With burgeoning cancer therapies, many children are living with advanced cancer, with an attendant increase in care complexity and prognostic uncertainty. Now more than ever, there is a great need for meticulous symptom management, effective and compassionate communication, a steadfast focus on the whole child, and continuous attention to the needs of the entire family, irrespective of treatment goals or outcome. Through innovation in research, clinical practice, and education, the holistic practice of palliative care for children with cancer will remain responsive to a changing landscape.
Recognizing disparities in health care for children with special health care needs

IntroductionThere is a significant disparity in the United States between the health care received by children with special health care needs versus physically healthy children.ObjectiveThe objecti...
The impact of fiscal relief on multinationals business R&D investments: a cross-country analysis

In this article, we aim at a better understanding and measurement of the importance of R&D tax incentive as a driver of R&D investments of MNEs. Using data both at sectoral and country level, we develop two counterfactual exercises to provide evidence on the effects of R&D tax relief on MNEs’ inward R&D business investments (Inward BERD): a matching and a continuous-treatment econometric model. In this counterfactual perspective, we compare Countries with a tax incentive scheme for R&D and countries that do not have this kind of policy in action during the period 2000–2013. Results show that the effect of the R&D tax incentives on Inward BERD is positive, with an initial flat region and a steeper one starting at a dose around 40%, which corresponds to a tax incentive ratio on Total BERD of 6.8% (tax rate relief). The positive and statistically significant pattern starts however from a dose around 65% onwards, which corresponds to an 11.1% of tax relief. This result shows a relatively low sensitivity of Inward BERD to the R&D fiscal regime, except for the case of a high and thus costly incentive intensity.
An Experiment to Measure Heat Capacity of 3He in Aerogel

We describe an experiment to measure the heat capacity of 3He in aerogel. A new cell improved over the previous design1 is shown. The aerogel sample is situated inside an epoxy shell which is also the bob of a torsional oscillator. 3He entrained in aerogel is cooled through a 3He weak thermal link. Data are being taken at temperatures from 10 mK to below 1 mK. We describe a new analysis procedure that determines both the heat capacity of the cell and the thermal conductance of the weak link.
Transactive Memory Structures and Collaborative Information Technology Role in Turbulent Teams: An Experiment

This research examines the role of collaborative information technologies and their interaction with transactive memory. We simulated a project group where members worked towards completing an interdependent sequence of tasks to reach a common goal. In our experiments, we observed that the change in technology functionalities did not affect group performance significantly although their impact on transactive memory strength was significant. Additional analyses showed that these functionalities can increase the team performance when a dynamic event such as departure occurs in a group. In summary, the role of technology can be unclear in a static group but collaborative information technologies can moderate the impact of a dynamic event on the team performance.
Stereoselective C N Bond Formation by Hydroamination of Olefins, Alkyne, Allenes, and Dienes

Stereoselective hydroamination provides chiral amines via C–N bond-forming steps, and these types of transformations have significantly developed over the past 20 years. A variety of catalytic strategies include enhancing the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen through polar metal–nitrogen bonds and making the unsaturated moiety more electrophilic through coordination to a late transition metal. Late metal catalysts have focused generally on diphosphane-based chiral ligands, whereas the early-transition-metal, lanthanide, and main-group metal catalysts are coordinated by chiral nitrogen donors. However, binaphthylene-based ancillary ligands, as well as related axially chiral motifs, have proved to be effective in a number of systems across the periodic table.
Cultic Reforms and Consequences

The Bible provides several striking but apparently overlooked or mis-understood indications that the Deuteronomic laws were not only composed but implemented in the northern kingdom. Perhaps the most important of these is Hosea 10:1-2: “Israel is a ravaged vine and its fruit is like it. When his fruit was plentiful, he made altars aplenty… Now that his boughs are broken up, he feels his guilt; he himself pulls apart his altars, smashes his pillars” (emphasis added.).1 Moreover, Hosea 8:6 promises “the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces” and the prophet (10:5) adds: “The inhabitants of Samaria fear for the calf of Beth-aven; indeed its people and priestlings, whose joy it once was [Hebrew uncertain], mourn over it for the glory that is departed from it.” (JPS, 1917 and Bewer have “for its glory, because it is departed from it”). It would seem that the calves were removed from Bethel, and, possibly, destroyed, which upset the “people and priestlings.” It is worth noting that the account of Josiah’s defilement of Bethel in the later seventh century makes no mention of the calves.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Inflammation on the Pharmacokinetics of Prednisolone in Rats

The effects of acute and chronic stages of carrageenan-induced air-pouch inflammation on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone were studied in male Wistar rats. Chronic inflammation produced a significant increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of prednisolone compared to control animals (6594 ± 2144 vs 3530 ± 2164 µg · hr/ L). The effect of acute inflammation was not significant (AUC = 4996 ± 3813). Both acute and chronic inflammation also reduced the⋅in vitro plasma protein binding of prednisolone, the reduction being much greater after chronic inflammation. The AUC of free prednisolone after chronic inflammation was 3141 µg · hr/L, compared to 1121 µg · hr/L in the control group and 1823 µg · hr/L after acute inflammation. The mean values of half-life and apparent volume of distribution at steady-state in each group were similar. These results indicate that prednisolone must be used with caution in the treatment of inflammatory diseases because of higher free concentrations of the steroid.
Iliad 11: Healing, Healers, Nestor, and Medea

Iliad 11’s series of wounded Greek chiefs sends the doomed Patroklos to Nestor’s tent, where Heka-mede has just given Neleus’s son and the wounded healer Makhaon a restorative potion and shortly afterward will give Makhaon a bath. Nestor delivers a lengthy account, a Pylian epic, which briefly mentions Aga-mede, who knows all the pharmaka the earth grows. Together these details suggest two meanings for Nestor’s surprising longevity. Within the Iliad it serves as a vector to pre-Homeric epic but also alludes to Medea’s rejuvenation of Aison and to related episodes in her larger myth.
Phase stability and structural comparison of phases in the Cu-Zn-Sn-S system using solid-state NMR

Abstract Phases in the Cu-Zn-Sn-S system are of interest to the solar and thermoelectrics communities because all elements are earth-abundant and non-toxic. A better understanding of the structures of these phases and the equilibria between them is necessary to guide device manufacturers. This work reviews all the phases reported in this system and reports which phases form and are stable at 200 °C and 400 °C. In this work, the stable phases in the Cu-Zn-Sn-S system ( Cu 4 Sn 7 S 16 , Cu 4 SnS 4 , Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , and Cu 2 SnS 3 ) are synthesized and their structures are investigated using solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The existing Cu-Sn-S and Cu-Zn-Sn-S phase diagrams are revised based on our synthesis results. Cu 3 SnS 4 and Cu 2 ZnSn 3 S 8 are removed from the quaternary and ternary phase diagrams because we did not observe either phase. Prior reports (in thin films and nanocrystals) of Cu 3 SnS 4 may be related to trace amounts of In or large surface areas. Monoclinic Cu 2 SnS 3 is not stable at 400 °C and, at this temperature, a disordered tetragonal phase is stable. At lower temperatures (room-temperature and 200 °C ), this same (disordered) tetragonal phase is stable at compositions that are Cu-rich and Sn-poor from Cu 2 SnS 3 . Cu 4 SnS 6 was added to the phase diagram at 400 °C. Significant differences in reaction rate when forming Cu 4 SnS 4 from either elemental or binary sulfide precursors are noted and explained. The NMR results are generalized to aid in distinguishing octahedral versus tetrahedral Sn4+ coordinations.
Half-Bridge Voltage Swing Inverter With Active Power Decoupling for Single-Phase PV Systems Supporting Wide Power Factor Range

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters form the backbone of PV generation. This paper proposes an all-film-capacitor, transformerless single-phase inverter for PV application. The topology is a combination of a front-end boost stage, a half-bridge (HB) inverter stage, and a buck–boost power decoupling stage. The grid ripple power is decoupled by a large swing of the HB capacitors along with a limited ripple on the dc link, thus reducing the capacitance requirement and converter volume. Being an HB-derived inverter, the high-frequency common mode leakage current through the PV parasitic capacitance is mitigated. Furthermore, the dc-link average is optimally controlled to ensure a higher efficiency over wide operating load and power factor range. To validate its operation, a Silicon Carbide based 1-kVA laboratory prototype is built and closed-loop experimental results are provided at 100/75 kHz switching frequency over wide operating conditions.
Survival after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma among children, adolescents, and young adults in California, 2001-2014: A population-based study.

Author(s): Abrahao, Renata; Ribeiro, Raul C; Lichtensztajn, Daphne Y; Rosenberg, Aaron S; Keegan, Theresa HM | Abstract: BackgroundThis population-based study considered the influence of rituximab on the survival of children (0-19nyears), adolescents, and young adults (AYAs, 20-39 years) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.MethodsData on 642 children and AYAs diagnosed with DLBCL during 2001-2014 were obtained from the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry in California. Facility-level reports provided treatment details. The Kaplan-Meier method estimated survival and Cox regression models examined the association between survival and rituximab use, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsRituximab use increased from 2001-2007 to 2008-2014 among children (from 32% to 48%), AYAs (from 68% to 84%), and HIV patients (from 57% to 67%). Five-year survival was higher among children (91%) than AYAs (82%). On multivariable analysis, the hazard of death was 44% lower among rituximab recipients, and higher among uninsured patients, those with HIV, and those with advanced stage at diagnosis. HIV patients who received rituximab were 60% less likely to die than nonrecipients.ConclusionsOur study suggests a benefit of rituximab on the treatment of AYAs and HIV patients with DLBCL. The worse survival observed among HIV-positive and uninsured patients is of concern and calls for further investigation. Careful consideration should be given on whether to recommend rituximab more often on the front-line treatment of children and HIV-positive patients with DLBCL.
Anti-Ma-2 Encephalitis causes Obstructive Hydrocephalus (P1.152)

Objective: Illustrate the evolving differential diagnosis in a young male presenting with a corticosteroid responsive diencephalic mass and limbic encephalitis. Background: Anti-Ma2 encephalitis is an inflammatory, often paraneoplastic neurologic disease affecting the brainstem, diencephalon, and limbic system. Avidly-enhancing mass lesions are described in anti-Ma2-associated-encephalitis, and caused obstructive hydrocephalus in this patient. Design/Methods: NA Results: Case A 30-year-old man presented to an outside hospital with headache and somnolence. Head CT revealed obstructive hydrocephalus due to a diencephalic mass. External ventricular drains were placed emergently with rapid improvement in level of consciousness. Brain MRI demonstrated a large, avidly enhancing diencephalic lesion. CSF showed mild pleocytosis and elevated protein, but thorough investigations were otherwise unremarkable. CT body was unrevealing. Brain biopsy showed non-specific inflammatory and demyelinating changes, and the patient demonstrated some improvement on high-dose corticosteroids. Repeat Brain MRI two months later showed decreased enhancement in the diencephalon, but new T2 hyperintensity with enhancement in the left medial temporal lobe. PET-CT revealed a hypermetabolic mediastinal mass with biopsy demonstrating a syncytiotrophoblast-rich malignancy with extensive necrosis, consistent with a germ cell tumor. Serum anti-Ma-2 antibodies were elevated. He was initiated on chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin and immunosuppression with prednisone. He has experienced mild clinical improvement but significant radiographic improvement. Conclusions: Anti-Ma 2 encephalitis is associated with syntrophoblast-rich germ cell tumor and may present with obstructive hydrocephalus given the diencephalic mass lesion location. When considering a paraneoplastic process, PET-CT is more sensitive than standard CT in identifying an underlying malignancy. In a young male with encephalitis affecting diencephalic and limbic structures, there should be a low threshold for evaluation of Ma1 and Ma2 antibodies and a possible germ cell tumor. Disclosure: Dr. English has nothing to disclose. Dr. Keegan has nothing to disclose. Dr Flanagan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tobin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zalewski has nothing to disclose.
Spirituality and the Sacred in Everyday Life

Spirituality has always been somewhere in Richard’s thinking, but became much more pronounced in his later journies. Everyday life now became the occasion of constant scrutiny of his own identity and understanding in connection with the contingencies of everyday engagements. His work is about looking deeply inward in engaging his aspirations, past, struggles, and searches for better understanding of it all. The present became filled with the past and future all at once, and within this crucible, Richard develops profound insights about one person’s engagement with understanding. It resonates with those who have entered “Ivory Tower,” it calls upon the reader to reflect on their own journey. Create space, he would say, to engage with the illusions and fictions that often prop up everyday reality and our identities. Face the unknown in good faith, resist the ready-made recipes that society’s warm and comfortable caves offer.
Pro-Fibrotic CD26-Positive Fibroblasts Are Present in Greater Abundance in Breast Capsule Tissue of Irradiated Breasts

BACKGROUND Breast capsular contracture is a major problem following implant-based breast reconstruction, particularly in the setting of radiation therapy. Recent work has identified a fibrogenic fibroblast subpopulation characterized by CD26 surface marker expression. OBJECTIVES This work aimed to investigate the role of CD26-positive fibroblasts in the formation of breast implant capsules following radiation therapy. METHODS Breast capsule specimens were obtained from irradiated and nonirradiated breasts of 10 patients following bilateral mastectomy and unilateral irradiation at the time of expander-implant exchange, under institutional review board approval. Specimens were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as for immunohistochemistry and fluorescence activated cell sorting for CD26-positive fibroblasts. Expression of fibrotic genes and production of collagen were compared between CD26-positive, CD26-negative, and unsorted fibroblasts. RESULTS Capsule specimens from irradiated breast tissue were thicker and had greater CD26-postive cells on immunofluorescence imaging and on fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis than did capsule specimens from the nonirradiated breast. Compared with CD26-negative fibroblasts, CD26-positive fibroblasts produced more collagen and had increased expression of the profibrotic genes IL8, TGF-β1, COL1A1, and TIMP4. CONCLUSIONS CD26-positive fibroblasts were found in a significantly greater abundance in capsules of irradiated compared with nonirradiated breasts and demonstrated greater fibrotic potential. This fibrogenic fibroblast subpopulation may play an important role in the development of capsular contracture following irradiation, and its targeted depletion or moderation may represent a potential therapeutic option. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
Cumulative cortisol exposure increases during the academic term: Links to performance-related and social-evaluative stressors.

Abstract Objective To examine whether cumulative cortisol production changes during a period of increased demands when cortisol and stress are assessed concurrently. The study also compared stress perceptions vs. cumulative stressful events on their respective association with cortisol output. Finally, it explored whether certain types of stressful events, those involving school/job performance or social-evaluative threat, were linked to cortisol levels across multiple weeks. Method The current study assessed cumulative cortisol production via hair sample in 56 undergraduates (88 % female) during both lower stress (summer break) and higher stress (academic term) periods. During the latter, both negative events (checklist) and stress perceptions were assessed weekly, and these reports were aggregated across the 10-weeks to minimize retrospective bias. Results Cortisol levels in hair samples were significantly higher (d = 0.84) during the academic term (M = 14.24 pg/mg, SD = 11.36) compared to summer break (M = 8.00 pg/mg, SD = 4.14), suggesting greater cumulative exposure to cortisol. Although perceived stress was not associated with cortisol levels (rpartial(53) = .10, p = 0.46), exposure to more stressful events (rpartial(53) = .27, p = 0.047), particularly events involving academic demands (rpartial(53) = .37, p = 0.006), or negative evaluation/social rejection (rpartial(53) = .27, p = 0.045), was positively associated with cumulative cortisol exposure. Conclusions This study demonstrates that cortisol levels in hair may be linked to cumulative exposure to stressors when measured concurrently (3 months), and that stressful events, rather than perceptions, are reflected in HPA axis activity. Real-world stressors involving performance demands and social-evaluative threat accumulate to enhance cortisol production, consistent with their acute HPA effects in the lab. Hair samples may provide a window into the past by allowing researchers to feasibly assess cortisol production before, during, and after the onset of a chronic stressor.