cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-line Estimation of Net Engine Torque from Crankshaft Angular Velocity Measurement using Repetitive Estimators

The need for improvements in the on-line estimation of automotive engine performance variables and model parameters pertaining to the fueling and emission control subsystems is greater nowadays as a result of more stringent emission controls and fuel economy requirements. There is also a concurrent requirement for improved on-board diagnostics to detect different types of malfunctions. The inherent periodicity of engine processes with respect to crank angle has not been fully exploited for these diagnostic and estimation tasks. The objective of the work described here is to fully recognize the advantages which are potentially afforded by this property. In particular, we focus on the on-line estimation of the torque generated in a single-cylinder CFR engine from the measured crankshaft angular velocity and a model of the rotational dynamics of the engine. On-line estimation of the torque produced by each cylinder in a multi-cylinder engine has great potential application both in engine feedback control and diagnostic strategies. The ability to recursively estimate engine torque can lead to individual cylinder control strategies, and to instantaneous detection of engine misfires. In addition, the torque estimate can also be utilized for general health monitoring purposes.
Gender-charged munitions: The language of World War I munitions reports

Abstract Modern historians of culture agree that World War I created profound and irreversible upheavals in western societies, bringing the consequences of industrialism into private life in a way which would no longer permit sentimentalization of hearth and home and no longer nourish Victorian literary styles. The shift was aesthetic as well as political, psychological as well as intellectual, sexually charged, and economically based. World War I, then, offers a dramatic test case for issues at the core of feminist literary scholarship. Focusing on primary sources, most of them out of print and available only in special collections, the author analyzes metaphors and tropes employed by male and female writers in World War I reports on women munitions workers. These writers metaphorically suggest that women were drawn to munitions work specifically because its duties were linked with sexuality and maternity: shells, for example, are described as wombs which women eagerly stuff with explosives. Ignoring the “male” nature of the act they describe, the men explain women munitions work as instinctive, maternal, and sexually-titillating. “Gender-Charged Munitions” examines the language of munitions reports and its implications to feminist critical theory.
Performance guarantees on a sweep-line heuristic for covering rectilinear polygons with rectangles

Finding the minimum number of rectangles required to cover a rectilinear or orthogonal polygon, where overlapping of rectangles is allowed, is one of several well-known, hard geometric decomposition problems. This paper reports the first results known that give worst-case performance bounds for an approximation algorithm for this problem. It is proved that partitioning the polygon into rectangles (with no overlapping) produces at most $2\theta + h - 1$ rectangles, where $\theta $ is the minimum number of rectangles in a cover, and h is the number of holes. Examples are also given in which this bound is tight. The proof is based on counting arguments, and on Euler’s formula for a planar graph. This paper shows that extending rectangles vertically and deleting duplicates produces at most $O(\theta \log \theta )$ rectangles. For the proof, geometric constraints are used to construct a large an-tirectangle, a set of points with no two contained in the same rectangle. This algorithm has an $O(n\log n)$ impleme...
Predictors of Self-Care in Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis: A Test of Orem's Theories of Self-Care and Self-Care Deficit

Pediatric nurses often struggle to find ways to encourage adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) to engage in self-care that is essential to their health and life. A study of predictors of self-care was conducted to provide a stronger evidence base for nursing practice with these youth. Orem's theories of self-care and self-care deficit were tested to explain and predict the universal and health deviation self-care of 123 adolescents with CF. Four dimensions of self-care agency emerged as predictors of universal self-care, two of which were also predictive of health deviation self-care. Seventy percent of the variance or change in universal self-care scores and 40% of health deviation self-care variance were explained. Clarification and extension of Orem's theories were also an important outcome. Development of nursing interventions designed to strengthen predictors of universal and health deviation-specific self-care identified in this research holds the potential to improve length and quality of life for adolescents with CF.
Neural net—fuzzy logic rules mapping for dynamic of fuzzy sets boundaries

Abstract Beauty, quality, performance, shape, or form are just a few characteristics that are hard to quantify. Expecting a computer to deal with such ambiguous properties is complicated since even humans sometimes have trouble agreeing on their meanings. L. A. Zadeh in 1965 at the University of California at Berkeley introduced the concept of “Fuzzy Sets”. It is not the intent of the author of this paper to evaluate Fuzzy Logic as a whole due to its broadness. Rather by analyzing a few characteristics about fuzzy logic considered weaknesses, the author wishes to provide information about current solutions as well as offer other innovations. It is well known that if a fuzzy system is tweaked optimally and assigned set values to the truths, then the system ceases to become fuzzy. In other words, the fuzzy system lacks adaptability. The possibility of using neural networks to adjust fuzzy logic sets is studied. The results are accomlished by comparing three different systems: one with fuzzy logic only, one with neural networks only, and finally one with a combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks. The basis of the problem on all three models involves balancing a weight on an inverted pendulum balance.
Serial fiberoptic endoscopic swallowing evaluations in the management of patients with dysphagia

Abstract Objective: To determine whether serial fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) can be used successfully and efficiently in deciding to change a patient's feeding status from nonoral (NPO) to oral (PO) with no adverse health outcome. Design: A prospective, consecutive, cohort study. Setting: Inpatient population of a tertiary-care university teaching hospital. Subjects: Thirty-two adults were recruited from a cohort of 400 consecutive subjects who participated in a previous dysphagia study. Intervention: Serial FEES was performed 3 to 6 times in each subject to detect objectively pharyngeal phase dysphagia, aspiration, and aspiration risk and to provide information for recommendations regarding oral feeding status and therapeutic intervention. The number of FEES was based on the subject's medical status, evidence of dysphagia, and clinical judgement. Main Outcome Measures: Identification of pharyngeal phase dysphagia, aspiration, and aspiration risk, and recommendations for initial feeding status, when to resume oral feeding, and what bolus consistencies to use for optimal swallowing success. Results: In all subjects, serial FEES detected pharyngeal phase dysphagia, aspiration, and aspiration risk and enabled determination of initial feeding status (NPO or PO), when to resume successful oral feeding, and what bolus consistencies to use for optimal swallowing success. Specifically, 15 of 32 (47%) subjects received FEES 3 to 5 times within only 6 to 22 days. Timely serial FEES allowed 22 of 32 (69%) subjects to resume an oral diet as early and safely as possible. Conclusions: No subject who resumed an oral diet based on results of FEES developed an aspiration pneumonia. Serial FEES, therefore, enabled feeding status to be successful and efficiently changed from NPO to PO with no adverse health outcome. FEES was an efficient procedure with regard to appointment scheduling, transportation, patient issues, and personnel requirements.
The effect of data scaling on dual prices and sensitivity analysis in linear programs

In many practical situations scaling the data is necessary to solve linear programs. This note explores the relationships in translating the sensitivity analysis between the original and the scaled problems.
Histaminase Activities in the Plasma of Subhuman Primates and Man

MEASUREMENT of the concentrations of histamine in the plasma of rhesus (Macaca mulatto) and squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys after administration of the histamine-releasing agent, compound 48/80, or histamine has suggested that the rhesus monkey is more active in degrading histamine than the squirrel monkey1. Direct determination of histaminase activity in plasma showed that the rhesus monkey exhibits more activity of this enzyme than any other species tested, including man2. Squirrel monkeys and man were found to exhibit similar levels of this enzyme activity in the plasma2. In addition, squirrel monkeys, but not rhesus monkeys, responded to compound 48/80 by exhibiting an elevation of circulatory histamine1, as does man3.
Experimental analysis of variance for DNA hybridization: II. Precision

Using DNAs from the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), we estimated the variance components for two classes of replicate hybrids: different drivers matched to the same tracer and different homoduplexes made from tracers matched to identical drivers. A nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to partition total variance among four levels: Individuals, extracts, preparations, and different aliquots from the same preparation. The variance contributed by these levels depended on the kind of hybrid replicate (driver or tracer) and on the index of thermal stability (Tmode, Tm, T50H, or Normalized Percentage Hybridization). For replicate drivers, significant variance contributions were made by (1) individuals to Tm, (2) extracts to Tmode and NPH but not Tm, and (3) different preparations to NPH. The composite T50H measure calculated from both Tm and NPH revealed effects from both constituent indices. For replicate tracers, preparation error was the single most consistent effect across all indices, followed by extract effects for those indices that incorporated a measure of percent hybridization (T50H NPH). Total variance of the four indices was qualitatively similar for both drivers and tracers: Tmode ranked lowest, followed in order by Tm, T50H, and NPH, with the variance of NPH being as much as 100 times greater than for Tmode. These results provide guidelines for the design of experiments to generate DNA hybridization-based phylogenies and to assess their robustness with bootstrapping. Replicate drivers for a distance matrix based on Tm should use different individuals, whereas one based on Tmode could minimally use different extracts from the same individual. Thus, Tmode may be the index of choice for DNA hybridization experiments when material, time, and money are limited.
The University of Michigan 83-inch cyclotron: Part III: The r.f. system

The r.f. system is a two-dee half-wave system using dee-stem insulators. The frequency is continuously adjustable under full power from 6.5 to 15 Mc/sec by means of shorting diaphragms. Designed for 140 kV peak dee-to-dee voltage the total r.f. power required is 170 kW. The three basic components, the resonator, the oscillator, and the coupling loop are described.
Resistive field bond graph models for hydrodynamically lubricated bearings

AbstractA lumped parameter model was developed for hydrodynamically lubricated bearings: elements that feature fully lubricated contact between surfaces in relative motion. The bearing models were represented as bond graphs. Currently, bond graphers view bearings as single-port resistance elements, which only account for losses associated with relative tangential motions between surfaces. Machine designers view bearings as devices that generate forces normal to surfaces in relative motion, to maintain position and alignment of shafts or surfaces. Both effects occur in real bearings, coupled together via physics. A lumped parameter model for hydrodynamically lubricated bearings is developed in this paper. The model includes the physical coupling between rotational degrees of freedom and orthogonal degrees of freedom associated with maintaining alignments. These lumped parameter models were synthesized from solutions of the Reynolds equation for various bearing geometries, and include normal motion and sque...
Stability of a liquid jet in a longitudinal time-varying electric field.

Introduction r I^HE stability of a liquid jet under various conditions has •-*been examined by various investigators and their findings are summarized by Nayyar and Murty and by Schneider. These studies begin by assuming that the difference between the perturbed radius and the unperturbed radius is given as either A(t)exp(ikz) or as a exp(ikz + jt). Here A(t) is the amplitude of the deformation of the jet, a is the initial amplitude of the deformation of the jet, k is the wave number, and j is the growth constant. For the first type of perturbation mentioned previously, an equation of motion for A(t) results whereas, for the second type of perturbation, a dispersion equation for j results. Hence the effects of the various parameters under consideration on the stability of the jet are determined from a stability analysis of either the equation of motion for A (t) or the dispersion equation for j. These studies show that a time-independent longitudinal electric field can either help to stabilize or destabilize the jet depending whether the disturbances are of long or of short wavelengths compared to the circumference of the jet. To the best of this writer's knowledge, the condition of a timevarying electric field has never been investigated. Hence this Note is concerned with the effect of the frequency of a sinusoidal electric field on the stability of a liquid jet. In this case, since it is better to employ the equation of motion for the amplitude of the deformation of the jet, the equation of motion for a time-independent electric field as developed by Nayyar and Murty is first examined and then the equation of motion for a sinusoidal electric field is considered.
Proliferation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the developing rabbit ear is enhanced after denervation

The innervation of the rabbit ear vasculature by noradrenergic and substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) nerves was investigated in both young and adult animals. All vascular segments were supplied by both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves. In the ear margins, the arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were more densely innervated than other vessels. In general, the density of both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves increased with age until 10-12 weeks postnatum. The ear vasculature was denervated in young rabbits to test whether the normal proliferation of AVAs in the growing ear was altered in the absence of nerves. Surgical resection of all auricular nerve trunks except the auricular branch of the auriculo-temporal nerve, and removal of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion in 10- to 12-day-old rabbits left the ear devoid of both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves for at least four weeks. Repeated administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to young rabbits produced degeneration of noradrenergic terminal axons, but preterminal nerve trunks survived. SP-IR nerves did not appear to be affected by 6-OHDA. These denervation regimes resulted in a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the number of AVAs formed in the growing ear. Surgical denervation and 6-OHDA treatment also led to retarded growth of the media of the central ear artery, but this effect of 6-OHDA was probably not due to a specific action on vascular smooth muscle. Surgical resection of most of the dorsal auricular nerves in adult rabbits did not affect AVA density. Large differences in AVA density were apparent between groups of control animals from different parts of the country, or groups examined at different times of the year. These results demonstrate that the labile nature of AVAs in the rabbit ear can result in considerable variability in the absolute number of AVAs and suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence development of the microvasculature.
Expertise and Aging in a Pilot Decision-Making Task:

We examined age/expertise trade-offs in a laboratory pilot decision-making task. Expert and novice pilots read at their own pace brief scenarios that described simpler or more complex flight situations, then in a standard interview discussed the problem in the scenario and how they would respond if they were pilot-in-command. Decision making was measured by coding the protocols for correctly identifying the problems and solutions to problems. Scenario comprehension was measured by reading time and the accuracy of answering questions about the scenarios. All groups accurately identified the problems, but experts elaborated problem descriptions more than novices did. Older experts elaborated more, and older novices elaborated less, than their younger counterparts. Older experts also identified more appropriate solutions to problems while older novices identified less appropriate solutions compared to their younger counterparts. Reading time findings suggested that experts maintained decision-making accuracy...
Homochiral Crystallization of Microporous Framework Materials from Achiral Precursors by Chiral Catalysis

While it is not uncommon to form chiral crystals during crystallization, the formation of bulk porous homochiral materials from achiral building units is rare. Reported here is the homochiral crystallization of microporous materials through the chirality induction effect of natural alkaloids. The resulting material possesses permanent microporosity and has a uniform pore size of 9.3 A.
Abstract root systems and intervals in weak Bruhat order

Abstract We present a new axiomatization of what is known as the “root system” of a Coxeter group that does not involve vector spaces or Coxeter groups. We use this to combinatorially characterize the structure of intervals in weak Bruhat order in much the same way that finite distributive lattices are characterized as the lattices of order ideals of partially ordered sets. In fact, the result for distributive lattices follows as a special case.
Biotechnological applications of surface plasmon resonance

The surface plasmon resonance technique allows direct, real-time kinetic measurements of the interaction of unlabelled biological molecules at surfaces. After a brief discussion of the principles of surface plasmon resonance, we review its application to the nonspecific adsorption of protein, the formation of phospholipid bilayers, membrane-protein interactions and DNA hybridization. The morphological studies of the biological surfaces using surface plasmon resonance microscopy and the potential of the surface plasmon resonance to measure the dynamics of surface layer heterogeneity are discussed.
Creating Task-Centered Instruction for Web-Based Instruction: Obstacles and Solutions.

Merrill proposes First Principles of Instruction, including a problem- or task-centered strategy for designing instruction. However, when the tasks or problems are ill-defined or complex, task-centered instruction can be difficult to design. We describe an online task-centered training at a land-grant university designed to train employees to use Banner, an administrative suite supporting student, financial aid, finance, HR, and advancement systems. Our training solution, housed in Blackboard Vista, includes desktop capturing application screencasts, interactive HTML, and Flash. We present several obstacles in designing and developing the training, including (1) implementing effective technology solutions, (2) identifying, analyzing, and documenting real-world tasks, and (3) creating a systematic process for design. We describe our solutions and prescribe methods for designing a course with a task-centered instructional strategy.
Effect of estrogen on the lordosis-inhibiting action of ketanserin and SB 206553.

Abstract The effects of the 5-HT 2A/2C receptor antagonist, ketanserin, and the 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist, SB 206553, on lordosis behavior were investigated in ovariectomized rats hormonally primed with estradiol benzoate (EB) (0.5 or 25 μg) and progesterone (500 μg). Both ketanserin and SB 206553 inhibited lordosis behavior after infusion into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), but ketanserin was slightly more effective than the 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist. Either drug was more effective in rats primed with 0.5 μg EB than in rats hormonally primed with 25 μg EB. These findings support the suggestion that estrogen may enhance functioning of the 5-HT 2 receptor family and thereby protect against the 5-HT 2 receptor antagonists. These data are consistent with prior suggestions that estrogen modulates functioning of 5-HT 2 receptors within the VMN and that 5-HT 2 receptors play a facilitatory role in the modulation of female rat lordosis behavior.
Ionization collection efficiencies of some ionization chambers in pulsed and continuous radiation beams

The most commonly used method of calibrating high-energy photon or electron beams consists in converting cavity ionization to dose by the application of the appropriate Clambda or CE multipled by the 60Co correction factor. The correct interpretation of calibration data for pulsed photon or electron beams requires a knowledge of the charge collection efficiencies of the ionization chambers used. The results are presented of efficiency measurements for both pulsed and continuous beams made with these chambers: 0.6-cm3 Farmer, 0.5-cm3 Spokas, 3-cm3 Shonka, 1-cm3 PTW, and 1-cm3 Memorial pancake. The dependence of collection efficiency on collection voltage, dose rate, and dose per pulse is demonstrated. These results are shown to agree with Boag's formulas for collection efficiency. Attention is drawn to the fact that several kinds of dosimeters provide only minimal collection voltages for efficient collection of charge at high dose rates, especially in Linac electron beams. It is recommended to check the collection efficiency of chambers which are to be used at high dose rates, and a simple method for this purpose is described.
Antineoplastic activity of tetrakis‐μ‐(trimethylamine‐boranecarboxylato)‐ bis (trimethylamine‐carboxyborane) dicopper (II) in ehrlich ascites carcinoma

A binuclear copper(II) complex derived from trimethylamine carboxyborane [tetrakis-μ-(trimethylamine-boranecarboxylato)-bis-(trimethylamine-carboxyborane)dicopper(II)] was shown to have antineoplastic activity in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma screen. Metabolic studies demonstrated that the compound suppressed DNA and protein syntheses. The inhibition of DNA synthesis appeared to be due to reduction of the DNA polymerase activity and the regulatory enzymes of de novo purine synthesis. Preliminary data suggest that the compound is an initiation inhibitor of protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells.
GEOTAXIS/PHOTOTAXIS AND BIOCHEMICAL PATTERNS IN HETEROCAPSA (=CACHONINA) ILLDEFINA (DINOPHYCEAE) DURING DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS

Two separate experiments with Heterocapsa (=Cachonina) illdefina Herman et Sweeney, one with and the other without water volume replacement, were performed in a 250-L laboratory mesocosm (45-cm diameter × 150-cm height) to examine how diel vertical migration (DVM) relates to taxis sign and strength and to cellular biochemical state. Although only the cell population grown with water volume replacement maintained a division per day over the course of the experiment, periodic measurements during both experiments demonstrated that cells aggregating at the surface during the light period generally were deficient in all measured biochemical constituents compared to cells obtained from a midcolumn depth. More specifically, H. illdefina cells that aggregated at the surface during the light period in both experiments exhibited weakened positive geotaxis but strengthened positive phototaxis and were very deficient in lipid and free amino acid compared to midcolumn cells. Cells sampled at midcolumn during the light period exhibited similar but weaker taxes changes compared to surface samples, and geotaxis strength was inversely correlated with cell diameter, cellular DNA and protein content, and RNA/DNA ratio. In comparison, published data on Gymnodinium breve Davis, a harmful algal bloom species, showed that cells aggregating at the surface during the light period generally exhibited weakened negative geotaxis and strengthened positive phototaxis and were very deficient in lipid and chl a compared to midcolumn cells. Although the persistent tendency toward negative geotaxis was weaker in midcolumn subpopulations throughout the day, its strength was inversely correlated with cell diameter and cellular lipid content. The combined results for both species support a revised conceptual model of optimized DVM in autotrophic marine dinoflagellates incorporating generalized expressions of taxis and biochemical state of individual cells.
Synthesis and antibacterial and anticancer evaluations of α ‐ methylene ‐γ ‐ butyrolactones

Abstract Nine new α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones were synthesized by the Reformatsky condensation of ethyl α-bromomethylacrylate with kelones, aldehydes, and an epoxide. A. unique spirobutyrolactone class was prepared by reaction of the zinc alkyl derivative and N -methylisatins. The compounds were evaluated against L-1210 and P-388 leukemia and the 9KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx. They also were screened in a microbiocidal and an antifungal assay. The spiro methylene lactone of 5 iodo- N -methylisatin displayed activity in the P-388, 9KB, and antifungal screens.
Software-based distortion compensation for a scanned beam display

We developed a software-based approach to compensate for distortion in a scanned beam display (SBD) system. A scanned beam display has advantages of being small in device size, low in energy consumption, and capable of producing high-resolution and variable images. However, it suffers from two main problems: the non-uniform power spreading within a single light spot and the non-uniform light spot distribution in trajectory. While most work has been done to solve these problems from the hardware design perspective, we address these issues by minimizing the difference between input and output images on a software level. We also implemented our algorithm on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to achieve near real-time performance which is required by video display. Finally, the output light source control value is applied to a scanned beam display simulator, showing improved display images.
Identification and Distribution of 14.3.3σ (Stratifin) in the Human Cornea

We demonstrate for the first time the expression of 14.3.3σ, an epithelial cell differentiation marker, in human corneal epithelium. 14.3.3σ appeared at 30 kDa, pI 4–5, in 2D gels of corneal extracts. We found no significant differences in 14.3.3σ levels between healthy corneas and corneas from keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, and corneal edema patients. 14.3.3σ immunofluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells and colocalized with cyclin-B1. 14.3.3σ was secreted by HCE-2 cells; HCE-2-conditioned medium induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cultured keratocytes. In summary, our work presents evidence of 14.3.3σ expression in corneal epithelium and elaborates over its possible implications in corneal pathologic conditions.
Some Chemical Characteristics of Grass and Legume Silage Made with Sodium Metabisulfite

Summary Forty-eight samples of grass and legume silage made with sodium metabisulfite at the rate of 8-10lb. per ton of green forage have been analyzed for the common fermentation products found in silage. The data show that the production of acetic and lactic acids by bacterial fermentation was limited and inversely correlated with the total residual sulfite concentration. Butyric acid production was almost eliminated. Protein breakdown was inhibited to a satisfactory degree, despite pH values higher than normal. The evidence suggests that the forages were preserved primarily by the action of the HSO 3 − ion, instead of the H + ion, as is usual in other conventional types of silage.
Loss of Chd7 function in gene-trapped reporter mice is embryonic lethal and associated with severe defects in multiple developing tissues.

CHD7 is a novel chromodomain gene mutated in 60%–80% of humans with CHARGE syndrome, a multiple congenital anomaly condition characterized by ocular coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and characteristic ear abnormalities including deafness. Phenotypic features of CHARGE are highly variable and incompletely penetrant. To explore developmental roles of CHD7, we generated mice carrying the Chd7 Gt allele from a Chd7-deficient, gene-trapped lacZ reporter ES cell line. RT-PCR of embryo RNA demonstrated significantly reduced levels of wild-type transcript in Chd7 Gt/Gt embryos. Chd7 Gt/Gt embryos survive only up to embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Chd7Gt/+ male and female mice are viable, small, and exhibit variable degrees of head-bobbing and circling, consistent with vestibular dysfunction. Paint-filling of E16.5 heterozygous inner ears revealed defects of the semicircular canals. The pattern of β-galactosidase activity in Chd7Gt/+ embryos mimics Chd7 mRNA expression in wild-type embryos, confirming the fidelity of the lacZ reporter. We observed tissue-specific β-galactosidase in the E12.5 and E14.5 Chd7Gt/+ brain, pituitary, ear, heart, and craniofacial structures, indicating survival of Chd7Gt/+ cells in CHARGE-relevant organs. These studies demonstrate the utility of Chd7 Gt as a reporter-tagged loss-of-function allele for future studies exploring developmental mechanisms of Chd7 deficiency.
DOVE: digital Olympic voting environment

This paper describes the design process and solution for a voting system to be used in the 2004 Olympics. It focuses on the initial design ideas that were brainstormed, user testing, and the final design of the system. Taking into account the different cultural groups and technology literacy levels, we determined that the voting device should be "tangible". We developed several different prototypes and user tested them to determine which design would be most effective. The resulting design was then developed along with a feedback component which utilizes a jumbotron.
Virus-like particles and GB agent hepatitis

ALTHOUGH the MS-11 and CR3262 strains of human hepatitis A virus have been well characterised morphologically and shown to be indistinguishable, controversy has plagued characterisation of the GB agent of hepatitis3. Presumably derived from a surgeon with acute hepatitis, the GB agent has been transmitted serially in marmoset monkeys3 but has been shown to be unrelated serologically to any known human hepatitis virus4. Recently, Almeida et al.5 reported the detection after prolonged search of 20–22-nm particles aggregated by endogenous antibody in a pool of marmoset sera (pool H205, GB pass 11) known to contain the GB agent. These antibody-coated particles resembled parvoviruses morphologically, appeared in “empty”, “full”, and fragmented crescent-shaped forms, and were undetectable in normal marmoset serum. On the basis of previous filtration data from Deinhardt et al.6 which suggest that the GB agent is approximately 20 nm in diameter and the previous finding by others that anti-complementary activity—thought to represent the presence of circulating antigen–antibody complexes—occurs during acute viral hepatitis, Almeida et al. suggested that the virus-like particle they have detected is the GB agent5.
Transport of a passive tracer in time-dependent Rayleigh-Be´nard convection

Abstract The transport of a passive tracer in a Rayleigh-Benard cell is considered, when the convection rolls are subject to oscillatory instability. We propose a mechanism for the roll to roll transport and introduce formulae for quantifying the spreading of the tracer, which are valid for as long as the molecular diffusivity can be neglected. A criterion for weighing the effects of diffusivity is discussed, and we provide an example by numerically simulating the flow in presence of molecular diffusivity.
EFFECTS OF COCAINE ON SIMPLE REACTION TIMES AND SENSORY THRESHOLDS IN BABOONS

The effects of chronic, daily administration of cocaine on auditory and visual reaction times and thresholds were studied in baboons. Single intramuscular injections of cocaine hydrochloride (0.1 to 5.6 mg/kg) were given once daily for periods of 10 to 25 days, and were followed immediately by psychophysical tests designed to assess cocaine's effects on simple reaction times as on auditory and visual threshold functions. Consistent reductions in reaction times were frequently observed over the cocaine dose range of 0.32 to 1.0 mg/kg; at higher doses, either decreases or increases in reaction times were observed, depending upon the animal. Lowered reaction times generally occurred immediately following the 1st day's cocaine injection, and continued through all subsequent days during the dose administration period, suggesting little development of tolerance or sensitivity to these reaction-time effects. Reaction-time decreases showed a U-shaped dose-effect function. The greatest decreases in reaction times occurred from 0.32 to 1.0 mg/kg, and produced an average reaction-time decrease of 10 to 12%. Concurrently measured auditory and visual thresholds showed no systematic changes as a function of cocaine dose. Pausing was observed during performance of the psychophysical tasks, with the length of total session pause times being directly related to cocaine dose.
Social support and adaptation to chronic illness: The case of maintenance hemodialysis

The findings reported in the literature on the relationship between social support and adaptation to illness are ambiguous and, in some cases, contradictory. The present study sought to examine the relationship among support factors, medical status, and adaptation to chronic illness in 36 hemodialysis patients. Social support was measured on three dimensions: family environment (family cohesion and family expressiveness), level of spouse support, and presence of a confidant. Adaptation was assessed in terms of morale and changes in social functioning since the onset of dialysis. Data collection was done through unstructured interviews, mailed questionnaires, observation, and review of medical records. Correlation coefficients showed a positive association between the measures of social support and morale and a negative correlation among family cohesion, presence of a confidant, and changes in social functioning.
Increased susceptibility to development of triggered activity in myocytes from mice with targeted disruption of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Abstract Nitric oxide generated by cardiac myocytes or delivered by drugs has been shown to regulate cardiac contractile function and has been implicated in suppressing some cardiac arrhythmias, although this remains controversial. We examined the ability of the soluble cardiac glycoside, ouabain, to trigger arrhythmic contractions in ventricular myocytes isolated from mice lacking a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS null ). Arrhythmic activity, defined as aftercontractions, was induced with ouabain (50 μ mol/L) and recorded using a video-motion detector in isolated, electrically driven single ventricular myocytes from adult eNOS null or from their wild-type (WT) littermates. The rate of ouabain-induced arrhythmic contractions was significantly higher in eNOS null myocytes than in WT myocytes. Application of the NO donor S-nitroso-acetylcysteine (SNAC) significantly diminished the frequency of arrhythmic contractions in eNOS null myocytes. The antiarrhythmic effect of NO, whether generated by eNOS in WT cells or by SNAC, could be partially reversed by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]- quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. Ouabain significantly increased intracellular cGMP in WT but not eNOS null hearts, and this cGMP response was blocked by ODQ. Since cardiac glycoside- induced aftercontractions are activated by the transient inward current (I ti ), the role of NO in ouabain (100 μ mol/L)- induced I ti was examined using the nystatin-perforated patch–clamp technique. The frequency of ouabain-induced I ti was significantly higher in eNOS null myocytes than in WT myocytes, and this could be suppressed by SNAC. These data demonstrate that NO derived from myocyte eNOS activation suppresses ouabain-induced arrhythmic contractions by a mechanism that might involve activation of guanylyl cyclase and elevation of cGMP.
Gap junction remodelling in human heart failure is associated with increased interaction of connexin43 with ZO-1

Aims Remodelling of gap junctions, involving reduction of total gap junction quantity and downregulation of connexin43 (Cx43), contributes to the arrhythmic substrate in congestive heart failure. However, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. Recent studies from in vitro systems suggest that the connexin-interacting protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a potential mediator of gap junction remodelling. We therefore examined the hypothesis that ZO-1 contributes to reduced expression of Cx43 gap junctions in congestive heart failure. Methods and results Left ventricular myocardium from healthy control human hearts (n ¼ 5) was compared with that of explanted hearts from transplant patients with end-stage congestive heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; n ¼ 5) or ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n ¼ 5). Immunoconfocal and immunoelectron microscopy showed that ZO-1 is specifically localized to the intercalated disc of cardiomyocytes in control and failing ventricles. ZO-1 protein levels were significantly increased in both DCM and ICM (P ¼ 0.0025), showing a significant, negative correlation to Cx43 levels (P ¼ 0.0029). There was, however, no significant alteration of ZO-1 mRNA (P ¼ 0.537). Double immunolabelling demonstrated that a proportion of ZO-1 label is co-localized with Cx43, and that co-localization of Cx43 with ZO-1 is significantly increased in the failing ventricle (P ¼ 0.003). Interaction between the two proteins was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. The proportion of Cx43 that co-immunoprecipitates with ZO-1 was significantly increased in the failing heart. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ZO-1, by interacting with Cx43, plays a role in the down-regulation and decreased size of Cx43 gap junctions in congestive heart failure.
Convergence of Progesterone and Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer POTENTIATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAYS

During late stages of breast cancer progression, tumors frequently acquire steroid hormone resistance with concurrent amplification of growth factor receptors; this alteration predicts a poor prognosis. We show here that following treatment with the progestin, R5020, breast cancer cells undergo a "biochemical shift" in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated signaling pathways: R5020 potentiates the effects of EGF by up-regulating EGFR, c-ErbB2 and c-ErbB3 receptors, and by enhancing EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling molecules known to associate with activated type I receptors. Independently of EGF, R5020 increases Stat5 protein levels, association of Stat5 with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, and tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and Shc. Furthermore, progestins "prime" breast cancer cells for growth signals by potentiating EGF-stimulated p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAP kinase, and JNK activities. Although the levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21(WAF1), are up-regulated by R5020 alone, they are synergistically up-regulated by EGF in the presence of R5020. Up-regulation of cell cycle proteins by EGF is blocked by inhibition of p42/p44 MAPK only in the presence of R5020, supporting a shift in the regulation of these cell cycle mediators from MAPK-independent to MAPK-dependent pathways. In summary, progesterone selectively increases the sensitivity of key kinase cascades to growth factors, thereby priming cells for stimulation by latent growth signals. These data support a model in which breast cancer cell growth switches from steroid hormone to growth factor dependence.
Residential Segregation, Housing Submarkets, and Spatial Analysis: St. Louis and Cincinnati as a Case Study

This article considers how spatial analysis of housing submarkets can advance research into residential segregation. While an emphasis on housing submarkets has been proposed as a new construct for modeling housing prices, its use in analyzing residential segregation has been limited. Recent advances in spatial analysis and geographic information systems present new opportunities for researchers to exploit the potential of housing submarkets as constructs that offer a more precise way to examine residential segregation. The article synthesizes literature related to residential segregation and housing submarkets and demonstrates how to delineate housing submarkets using publicly available data. It examines the spatial distribution of housing submarkets and how the socially disadvantaged are represented across housing submarkets in St. Louis, Missouri, and Cincinnati, Ohio, to conclude that St. Louis's housing market is more polarized and racially segregated than Cincinnati's. Spatial analysis of housing su...
β-adrenergic receptor and platelet inhibitory activities of a new series of trimetoquinol and related benzazepine analogs

Abstract 1. 1. A series of dimethoxy and methylenedioxy analogs of trimetoquinol (TMQ) and structurally related 7-membered ring benzazepines (BA) were evaluated for their pharmacological effects in β-adrenergic (atria, trachea) and thromboxane A 2 /prostaglandin H 2 receptor systems (aorta, platelets). 2. 2. Results show that both the 6,7-dihydroxy (catechol) moiety of trimetoquinol and an intact tetra-hydroisoquinoline nucleus are essential for maintaining potent β-stimulating and antithromboxane A 2 activities. 3. 3. By contrast, ring enlargement, as in the BA analogs, or masking of the catechol with dimethoxy or methylenedioxy functional groups enhanced the potency of inhibitors on thromboxane A 2 -independent activation of human platelets induced by bacterial phospholipase C (PLC). 4. 4. The selective blockade of this pathway by these compounds suggests that they may represent a new and novel class of antiplatelet drugs.
Silence and scorn in a lyric of intimacy: The progress of Margaret Atwood's poetry

(1980). Silence and scorn in a lyric of intimacy: The progress of Margaret Atwood's poetry. Women's Studies: Vol. 7, “Where my own nature would be leading”: The triumph of the woman poet, pp. 185-194.
Constraints on squark masses from CERN pp collider data

Abstract If the gluino is heavier than the squark and the photino mass is negligible, produced squark decay via q → γ q . Taking missing-pT events observed in the UA1 experiment as an upper limit due to this source, a squark mass bound of m q ≳40 GeV for m g = 2m q is placed. The possibility that the observed events could be of this origin is also addressed.
CONTINUING BONDS IN BEREAVEMENT: AN ATTACHMENT THEORY BASED PERSPECTIVE

An attachment theory based perspective on the continuing bond to the deceased (CB) is proposed. The value of attachment theory in specifying the normative course of CB expression and in identifying adaptive versus maladaptive variants of CB expression based on their deviation from this normative course is outlined. The role of individual differences in attachment security on effective versus ineffective use of CB in coping with bereavement also is addressed. Finally, the moderating influence of type of loss (e.g., death of a spouse vs. child), culture, and religion on type of CB expression within an overarching attachment framework is discussed.
Wireless power transfer using weakly coupled magnetostatic resonators

Wireless power transfer can create the illusion of portable devices with infinite power supplies and enable applications that are currently unimaginable because of power constraints. Magnetic induction has been extensively used for wireless power transfer, but its efficiency depends on magnetic coupling that decays as the inverse cube of distance. At long enough distances, the magnetic coupling is weak enough that the effect of the receiver coil on the sender coil can be neglected. In this weakly coupled limit, series resonance in both the sender and the receiver increases the power transfer. Compared to magnetic induction, the power transfer increases by the sum of the quality factors of the sender and the receiver times the quality factor of the sender. Similarly, the efficiency increases by half of the product of the quality factors of the sender and the receiver. However, the overall efficiency of the power transfer is less than 50% for all weakly coupled series resonators. Resonators with a Q of 1,000 should be able to send power over a distance 9 times the radius of the devices with an efficiency of 10%.
Secure architecture for healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a secure architecture for healthcare wireless sensor networks. After a careful examination of the security requirements and the security threats to healthcare sensor networks, we argue that security measures for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) must take application context in consideration rather than seek security solutions in a one-size-fits-all fashion. We integrate security mechanisms into our architecture for WSN in healthcare applications rather than add-on values after a general WSN architecture. Our secure architecture is unique in that it decouples patient level and system level, each of which possesses drastic differences in security requirements and computation resources. Under such architecture, security schemes/protocols are readily deployed.
Estimating area and map accuracy for stratified random sampling when the strata are different from the map classes

The results of an accuracy assessment are typically organized using an error matrix that displays the proportion of area correctly mapped for each class and the proportion of area misclassified. Stratified random sampling is commonly implemented to obtain the reference data used to estimate the error matrix. When the strata correspond exactly to the map classes, the formulas for estimating accuracy and area are well known. Nevertheless, applications arise in which the strata are different from the map classes, as for example when the stratification is based on the map class labels of one map but the sample is subsequently used to assess the accuracy of other maps. In this paper, the estimators required when the stratum label and map label do not match for all pixels are presented for the proportion of area of each class based on the reference classification and for overall, user’s, and producer’s accuracies. Standard error formulas are also presented. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the comp...
Doctoral programs in rhetoric and composition: A catalog of the profession∗

(1994). Doctoral programs in rhetoric and composition: A catalog of the profession. Rhetoric Review: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 240-389.