cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A SEROUS LINED ANTIREFLUX VALVE: IN VIVO FLUOROURODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF ANTIREFLUX CONTINENCE MECHANISM

AbstractPurpose: We evaluate the fluoroscopic and urodynamic performance of a new serosal lined antireflux continence valve (T pouch valve) using an in vivo animal model.Materials and Methods: Intestinal reservoirs were constructed using an in vivo pig model. Multiple serosal lined valves of varying diameters and tunnel lengths were evaluated in the acute (immediately after construction) and chronic (4 weeks postoperatively) settings. Video fluorourodynamic evaluations were performed to identify valve leak point pressures and optimal tunnel length-to-luminal diameter ratios.Results: Four serosal lined valves tapered to a diameter of 18 and 30F in 1 and 2 cm. tunnels were evaluated. Immediately following construction of the valves no leakage was observed during reservoir filling (maximal pressure 50 cm. water) or external compression maneuvers to simulate a Valsalva maneuver (maximal intra-reservoir pressure 100 cm. water). Identical fluorourodynamic studies performed after a 4-week recuperation demonstrat...
Physiological State, Growth Mode, and Oxidative Stress Play a Role in Cd(II)-Mediated Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of physiological growth states (batch exponential and batch stationary growth) and growth modes (substrate-limited chemostat, substrate-sufficient exponential batch, and substrate-depleted stationary batch growth) on several measures of growth and responses to Cd(II)-mediated inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea strain 19718. The specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) was the most sensitive indicator of inhibition among the different responses analyzed, including total cell abundance, membrane integrity, intracellular 16S rRNA/DNA ratio, and amoA expression. This observation remained true irrespective of the physiological state, the growth mode, or the mode of Cd(II) exposure. Based on the sOUR, a strong time-dependent exacerbation of inhibition (in terms of an inhibition coefficient [Ki]) in exponential batch cultures was observed. Long-term inhibition levels (based on Ki estimates) in metabolically active chemostat and exponential batch cultures were also especially severe and comparable. In contrast, the inhibition level in stationary-phase cultures was 10-fold lower and invariable with exposure time. Different strategies for surviving substrate limitation (a 10-fold increase in amoA expression) and starvation (the retention of 16S rRNA levels) in N. europaea cultures were observed. amoA expression was most negatively impacted by Cd(II) exposure in the chemostat cultures, was less impacted in exponential batch cultures, and was least impacted in stationary batch cultures. Although the amoA response was consistent with that of the sOUR, the amoA response was not as strong. The intracellular 16S rRNA/DNA ratio, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, also did not uniformly correlate with the sOUR under conditions of inhibition or no inhibition. Finally, Cd(II)-mediated inhibition of N. europaea was attributed partially to oxidative stress.
Astrocyte leucine metabolism: significance of branched-chain amino acid transamination

We studied astrocytic metabolism of leucine, which in brain is a major donor of nitrogen for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine. The uptake of leucine into glia was rapid, with a Vmax of 53.6 +/- 3.2 nmol/mg of protein/min and a Km of 449.2 +/- 94.9 microM. Virtually all leucine transport was found to be Na+ independent. Astrocytic accumulation of leucine was much greater (3x) in the presence of alpha-aminooxyacetic acid (5 mM), an inhibitor of transamination reactions, suggesting that the glia rapidly transaminate leucine to alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), which they then release into the extracellular fluid. This inference was confirmed by the direct measurement of KIC release to the medium when astrocytes were incubated with leucine. Approximately 70% of the leucine that the glia cleared from the medium was released as the keto acid. The apparent Km for leucine conversion to extracellular KIC was a medium [leucine] of 58 microM with a Vmax of approximately 2.0 nmol/mg of protein/min. The transamination of leucine is bidirectional (leucine+alpha-ketoglutarate KIC+glutamate) in astrocytes, but flux from leucine-->glutamate is more active than that from glutamate-->leucine. These data underscore the significance of leucine handling to overall brain nitrogen metabolism. The release of KIC from glia to the extracellular fluid may afford a mechanism for the "buffering" of glutamate in neurons, which would consume this neurotransmitter in the course of reaminating KIC to leucine.
Guiding global software development projects using Scrum and Agile with quality assurance

This paper focuses on a global software development project where extended teams of students distributed across two to three countries, namely the US, Cambodia, India and Senegal, experienced the roles of developers, auditors and testers. Developers used Scrum and Agile to develop mobile applications for different mobile platforms with the support of different end-to-end tooling infrastructures. This paper isolates and focuses on the role of auditors. It describes the model of collaboration, the role of auditing in Agile and Scrum adherence, and the importance of tools to support quality assurance activities. Recommendations for a better involvement of auditors in Agile and Scrum projects and the expected benefits of their contribution are discussed.
Electromagnetic electron beam instabilities: Hot, isotropic beams

This paper considers the linear theory of electromagnetic instabilities driven by an electron beam in a homogeneous, nonrelativistic, Vlasov plasma. The beam is relatively hot, isotropic in its own frame, and streams parallel or antiparallel to a magnetic field B. Numerical solutions of the full dispersion equation for propagation parallel or antiparallel to B are presented, and the linear properties of the whistler heat flux and electron beam firehose instabilities are exhibited and compared. Under a broad range of parmameters the former mode has the lower beam speed threshold, and the larger maximum growth rate. In addition, it is demonstrated that, for a sufficiently large relative beam density, relative beam temperature, and plasma beta the whistler heat flux instability has a much lower beam speed threshold than the electrostatic electron beam instability. The application of these instabilities to first-order Fermi acceleration of electrons at space plasma shocks is discussed.
Loop decoder for Josephson memory arrays

A detailed theoretical and experimental investigation is presented concerning a novel so-called "loop decoder" using Josephson interferometers as the active elements. Successful operation of a DC powered, full 3-bit decoder is demonstrated with large operating margins. Addressing time is measured to be 180 ps and decoding time per stage is measured to be 30 ps. Excellent agreement is obtained between the experiments and computer simulations, thus establishing that present Josephson circuit models are reasonably accurate and well understood.
A Study of the Dental Student-Patient Relationship

We attempted to establish standard patient measures by which to evaluate patients' reactions to dental care and to relate them to charasteristics and attitudes of dental students. Three sets of analyses were reported: relationships of student attitudes, personalities, and grades; relationships of patients' dissatisfaction, anxieties, and discontinuation of treatment; and relationshps between dental student measures and patient measures.
Climate change enhances the negative effects of predation risk on an intermediate consumer

Predators are a major source of stress in natural systems because their prey must balance the benefits of feeding with the risk of being eaten. Although this ‘fear’ of being eaten often drives the organization and dynamics of many natural systems, we know little about how such risk effects will be altered by climate change. Here, we examined the interactive consequences of predator avoidance and projected climate warming in a three-level rocky intertidal food chain. We found that both predation risk and increased air and sea temperatures suppressed the foraging of prey in the middle trophic level, suggesting that warming may further enhance the top-down control of predators on communities. Prey growth efficiency, which measures the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels, became negative when prey were subjected to predation risk and warming. Thus, the combined effects of these stressors may represent an important tipping point for individual fitness and the efficiency of energy transfer in natural food chains. In contrast, we detected no adverse effects of warming on the top predator and the basal resources. Hence, the consequences of projected warming may be particularly challenging for intermediate consumers residing in food chains where risk dominates predator-prey interactions.
Epigenetic Modulation of Gene Expression Governs the Brain's Response to Injury

Mild stress from ischemia, seizure, hypothermia, or infection can produce a transient neuroprotected state in the brain. In the neuroprotected state, the brain responds differently to a severe stress and sustains less injury. At the genomic level, the response of the neuroprotected brain to a severe stress is characterized by widespread differential regulation of genes with diverse functions. This reprogramming of gene expression observed in the neuroprotected brain in response to a stress is consistent with an epigenetic model of regulation mediated by changes in DNA methylation and histone modification. Here, we summarize our evolving understanding of the molecular basis for endogenous neuroprotection and review recent findings that implicate DNA methylation and protein mediators of histone modification as epigenetic regulators of the brain's response to injury.
Health Care Cost Containment and Medical Technology: A Critique of Waste Theory

The high cost of health care has led to proposals to reduce wasteful medical technology under Medicare and other payment systems. Professor Mehlman warns that achieving this objective, while laudable in theory, is problematic because of the difficulties of defining, detecting and eliminating technology waste. A particular danger is that, in an effort to reduce waste, patients will be denied not only technologies that are wasteful from the patient's own perspective but technologies that yield net patient benefit. This risk is exacerbated by the Medicare prospective payment system, which rewards hospitals financially in inverse proportion to the amount of care they furnish patients. Professor Mehlman describes legal methods to reduce this risk, and recommends significant changes in the Medicare administrative process
LPA/PKD-1-FoxO1 Signaling Axis Mediates Endothelial Cell CD36 Transcriptional Repression and Proangiogenic and Proarteriogenic Reprogramming

Objective—CD36 is a scavenger and antiangiogenic receptor that is important in atherothrombotic diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and obesity. Lysophosphatidic acid, a phospholipid signaling mediator, abolishes endothelial cell responses to antiangiogenic proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 homology domains by downregulating endothelial CD36 transcription via protein kinase D1 (PKD-1) signaling. We aimed to understand mechanisms by which lysophosphatidic acid–mediated angiogenic signaling is integrated to regulate CD36 transcription and endothelial cell function via a nuclear transcriptional complex. Approach and Results—Microvascular endothelial cells expressing CD36 were used for studying angiogenic signaling and CD36 transcription. Gene transfection and transduction, RT-qPCR, avidin–biotin-conjugated DNA-binding assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, proximal ligation assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that lysophosphatidic acid–mediated CD36 transcrip...
THE FITNESS OF MANIPULATING PHENOTYPES: IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDIES OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY AND MULTIVARIATE SELECTION.

Phenotypic manipulation (or phenotypic engineering) that alters trait distributions provides a way to increase the statistical power of detecting relationships between traits and fitness. Manipulations relying on plastic responses, however, assume a specific relationship between the perturbation and the alteration of the traits when multiple traits are involved. We measured several traits, including condition measured as fluctuating asymmetry, in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis under six different diets to examine how altered environments affected multiple traits and their distributions. Although diet affected fluctuating asymmetry, we found no consistent relationship between degree of asymmetry and other phenotypic measures. As expected, individual traits were altered by our treatments. Contrary to expectation, relationships among traits were not constant among diets. Our results suggest that assumptions about the relationship between condition and trait values, especially fluctuating asymmetry, cannot be made. Further, studies that use manipulated phenotypes to statistically determine the form of selection must first demonstrate that the pattern of the phenotypic correlation matrix is not itself altered by the manipulation. If the phenotypic correlation matrix is not constant, then experimental estimates of selection coefficients may not reflect selection that occurs in the wild.
Bending the bars of the iron cage: Bureaucratization and informalization in capitalism and socialism

Despite some important similarities, capitalism's informal economy and socialism's second economy are not functional equivalents or structural counterparts. An informal economy is the product of efforts to circumvent accountability to the explicit rationalizations of regulatory bureaucratization. It operates according to principles disparate from those of the rules of internal labor markets but congruent with the market principles that coordinate the formal economy. In the centrally planned economies of state socialism where informalization responds to the contradictions of redistributive bureaucratization, the embryonic market relations of the second economy are incongruent with the bureaucratic principles that coordinate the formal economy, and in fact, stimulate the institutionalization of transactive market relations and the expansion of property rights inside the socialist enterprise. As a sphere of activity relatively autonomous from the state, the second economy is a source of fundamental change remaking the economic institutions of socialism.
The Cassini reaction wheels: drag and spin-rate trends from an aging interplanetary spacecraft at Saturn

The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the long-term trends of the estimated drag torque and spin-rates of the Cassini reaction wheel assemblies during 11 years of intensive science operations at Saturn. Reaction wheel failure is a common fault for long-lived spacecraft, and in some cases can result in the loss of a mission. For this reason, it is important for spacecraft operators to closely monitor the health and behavior of operational reaction wheels to potentially identify trends or signatures in the reaction wheel telemetry that could portend forthcoming issues. This paper will present the historical trends in the estimated reaction wheel drag torque at various spin-rates over the course of the mission. The objective of this paper is to provide the aerospace community with examples of the types of aging trends that have been observed on Cassini’s reaction wheels as an in-flight example of real-world hardware performance. The Cassini reaction wheels usage and drag torque trends are of interest to the larger aerospace community because Cassini’s wheels have been operated continuously for over 11 years of science operations, and the Cassini RWA’s are frequently run through their full range of possible spin-rates, which gives the Cassini operations team a rich data set to use for health monitoring and trending of real-world reaction wheels.
News from the Society for Women's Health Research: SAM IX: more information on sex-based differences.

The Society for Women's Health Research is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization committed to improving the health of women through research. The Society was founded in 1990 to bring national attention to the problem of the exclusion of women from clinical trials and the need for greater federal funding for diseases and conditions prevalent in and unique to women. Today, the Society works closely with members of the public and private sectors and academic institutions to promote a women's health research agenda. The Society seeks to both shape public policy and improve public and professional education. The Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine is the official publication of the Society. We welcome your views. Contact us by fax at (202) 833-3472, or visit our website at http://www.womenshealth.org.
Modeling of FDI in business services: Additional effects in case of Ukraine's European integration

ABSTRACTTo analyze Ukraine's deep and comprehensive integration with the EU, we develop a multi-regional general-equilibrium simulation model incorporating heterogeneous firms and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in business services. This allows for consideration of (a) trade growth in new varieties; (b) aggregate productivity changes attributed to reallocation of resources across and within an industry; and (c) productivity growth in manufacturing due to increased access to business services. The results indicate relatively small gains for the EU, whereas Ukraine benefits with a welfare increase of over 8%. The deindustrialization impact, previously found by Olekseyuk and Balistreri (2014) in a comparison of different modeling structures, is supported by our findings. Ukraine's welfare gains are higher under an Armington structure compared to monopolistic competition. This is due to a movement of resources into Ukraine's traditional export sectors producing under constant returns. Implementation of the F...
Coordination Scheme of Under Frequency Pump Shedding and Under Frequency Load Shedding Based on Penalty Function

The traditional strategy of under frequency load shedding does not consider regulation of the pumped storage station(PSS).PSS is regarded as load in the state of pumping.The idea of using the coordination scheme of under frequency pump shedding(UFPS) and under frequency load shedding(UFLS) to inhibit the frequency dropping and reduce load in specific frequency ranges in case of frequency decreasing sharply caused by large-scale power shortage is proposed in the paper.The coordination of UFPS and UFLS is studied in this paper,and the optimal objective function and constraints for both shedding are also given.By using penalty function to optimize the calculation results,optimal UFPS scheme is obtained.Finally,simulations of faults analysis by simulation software prove that this method can inhibit grid frequency collapse effectively.
Monitoring results of water quality of swimming pools in Dalian 2012

Objective To explore the sanitary quality of swimming pool water in Dalian,ensure the health of swimmers,and provide the scientific evidence for hygienic management of swimming pool.Methods The Rules of Health Monitoring for Public Places(GB/T 17220-1998) was applied to randomly select the water samples of swimming pool,the Standard Testing Methods in Public Places(GB/T 18204-2000) was applied to test the swimming pool water,and the Hygienic Standard for Swimming Place(GB 9677-1996) was applied to evaluate the water quality.Results The overall qualified rate of swimming pool water was 84.9%(79/93),of which the highest passing rates of turbidity and coliform bacteria were 100.0% and the lowest passing rate of free residual chlorine was 93.5%.The pass rates of different items had statistical significant difference(χ2=11.16,P0.05).There was no significant difference in passing rates from different items among two types of swimming pools.There were significant differences in qualified rates of the overall qualification rate and free residual chlorine between 2012 and 2011.Conclusion It is an improvement that the sanitary conditions of the swimming pool water compared with previous years in Dalian city.
Valley-polarized microcavity exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor

We demonstrate the valley-polarized photoluminescence of exciton-polaritons in monolayer MoS 2 embedded in a dielectric microcavity using near-resonant excitation. The results are described by a model incorporating cavity-modified relaxation dynamics of coherent valley-specific exciton-polaritons.
1998: The Adam Smith Address Capitalism and its Discontents

I am grateful to the National Association for Business Economics for presenting me the 1998 Adam Smith Award. I accept the honor humbly, given the impressive roster of former recipients, the importance of the organization awarding it, and, especially, the greatest of all economists for whom it is named.
The Importance of Total Quality Marketing in Export Growth

This paper analyzes the importance of “total quality export marketing” for developing countries. After brief reviews of the literature on quality and export marketing, the paper examines Turkey, a country that has developed considerably in the last decade as a result of many liberal economic policies. At present, however, Turkey finds itself competing for export markets against other industrializing countries that are, like Turkey, good sources of labor-intensive products. Unless Turkey makes the customer the focus of its export marketing efforts to achieve global competitiveness, it may not be able to continue its export success.
Introduction: “This Queer Creature”

In the introduction, titled “This Queer Creature” in reference to a “little man” Tolkien describes in an encounter in “A Secret Vice,” Jane Chance explore his use of this persona or doppelganger in terms of the concepts of alterity and the queer identified by theorists Lee Edelman, Alexander Doty, and medievalist Tison Pugh to identify what might be termed his aesthetic of a “queer medievalism.”
Long-Term Oxidation Testing and Lifetime Modeling of Cast and ODS FeCrAl Alloys

Long-term cyclic oxidation testing was conducted on oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) and cast FeCrAlY alloys at 1100 and 1200 °C with 1 or 100 h hold time in air, O2, and humid atmospheres. These data were used to optimize four different cyclic oxidation models and calculate the Al consumption rate due to oxidation. The pkp and COSIM-GSA models were able to reproduce accurately the experimental oxidation curves, and lifetime predictions based on these models were in good agreement with experiments. Microstructure characterization revealed that the degradation of the ODS FeCrAlY cyclic oxidation performance was mainly due to the incorporation of Ti carbonitrides in the alumina scale and the formation of tensile cracks. Controlling the levels of C, N, and S in one ODS alloy resulted in oxidation performance only moderately lower than the performance of cast FeCrAlY alloys. A few, very deep, tensile cracks formed at the cast alloy surface upon thermal cycling. Finally, the effect of specimen mechanical strength and the presence of H2O on ODS FeCrAl durability are discussed.
Boosting powerline communications for ubiquitous connectivity in enterprises

Powerline communication (PLC) provides inexpensive, secure and high speed network connectivity, by leveraging the existing power distribution networks inside the buildings. While PLC technology has the potential to improve connectivity and is considered a key enabler for sensing, control, and automation applications in enterprises, it has been mainly deployed for improving connectivity in homes. Deploying PLCs in enterprises is more challenging since the power distribution network is more complex as compared to homes. Moreover, existing PLC technologies such as HomePlug AV have not been designed for and evaluated in enterprise deployments. To this end, we give guidlines for designing PLC networks for providing ubiquitous connectivity in enterprises, based on measurement study of PLC performance in enterprise settings using commodity HomePlug AV PLC devices. Based on our findings, we propose that careful planning of PLC network topology, routing and spectrum sharing can significantly boost performance of enterprise PLC networks.
A Pilot Comparative Study of Quantitative Ultrasound, Conventional Ultrasound, and MRI for Predicting Histology-Determined Steatosis Grade in Adult Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to explore the diagnostic performance of two investigational quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters, attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient, in comparison with conventional ultrasound (CUS) and MRI-estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for predicting histology-confirmed steatosis grade in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS. In this prospectively designed pilot study, 61 adults with histology-confirmed NAFLD were enrolled from September 2012 to February 2014. Subjects underwent QUS, CUS, and MRI examinations within 100 days of clinical-care liver biopsy. QUS parameters (attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient) were estimated using a reference phantom technique by two analysts independently. Three-point ordinal CUS scores intended to predict steatosis grade (1, 2, or 3) were generated independently by two radiologists on the basis of QUS features. PDFF was estimated using an advanced chemical sh...
The quest for complete security: An empirical analysis of users’ multi-layered protection from security threats

Individuals can perform many different behaviors to protect themselves from computer security threats. Research, however, generally explores computer security behaviors in isolation, typically looking at one behavior per study, such as usage of malware or strong passwords. However, defense in depth requires that multiple behaviors be performed concurrently for one’s computer to be protected. Addressing this gap in prior research, this study measures 279 individuals’ computer security behaviors and analyzes them with multi-dimensional scaling. We examined three security threats: security related performance degradation, identify theft, and data loss. The results present a mapping of security behaviors performed together with other behaviors on two dimensions for each of these threats. Using expert reviews of the resulting dimensions, the study proposes that response efficacy and response cost help explain why people perform certain behaviors together. These findings can help explain inconsistent results in prior information security research because they focused on one behavior only whereas people perform various security behaviors together in an effort to mitigate specific security threats. The study informs research and practice by identifying security threat-response pairs via expert interviews, surveying individuals on how they perform multiple security behaviors concurrently to mitigate security threats, identifying why certain behaviors are performed together, and using these findings to identify reasons why IS security research has confounding results based on specific individual threat-response pairs used in prior studies.
Political Fiction: Political E-Mails During the 2014 U.S. Midterm Election

This study draws attention to a largely overlooked, but crucial, facet of modern politics—the political e-mail. A mixed-method analysis of 1 year’s worth of political e-mails was used to compare an...
The Influence of Race and Income on Community Mothers’ Acceptance of Child Management Methods

Abstract The consideration of diverse family factors on parents’ acceptance of behavioral parent training (BPT) components aids in the development and delivery of culturally sensitive parenting programs. Perceptions of acceptability are particularly important to investigate among low-income and racial-minority families, as they are less likely to engage in nonadapted BPT programs. Therefore, the current study examines the synergistic effects of race and income on mothers’ acceptance of five common child management methods relevant to BPT. The relationship between mothers’ acceptability ratings and self-reported parenting practices was also explored. Participants were 106 White and Black mothers from different income levels who completed measures related to the acceptability of response cost, positive reinforcement, time-out, spanking, and medication. The results indicated that mothers from varying backgrounds differed in their acceptance of child management methods, particularly with regard to corporal punishment. Additionally, a relationship was found between parents’ acceptability ratings and their self-reported parenting behavior. The findings support the consideration of parents’ perceptions of child discipline methods when recommending and delivering BPT programs to diverse parents.
Suppression and Enhancement of Corneal Angiogenesis

Valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neovascularization in the cornea are gained by an understanding of circumstances that suppress and enhance angiogenesis in this tissue. Studies in a variety of experimental models have demonstrated a suppression of corneal neovascularization in leukopenic animals. Corneal angiogenesis induced by chemical cautery is severely suppressed under situations that inhibit the inflammatory response and most notably the leukocytic infiltration into the cornea. As described below, this occurs following treatment with corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and irradiation (head irradiation, total body irradiation, total lymphoid irradiation, and total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation) Together these findings add further support to the hypothesis that corneal vascularization is a component of inflammation and that leukocytes play a cardinal role.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Ortho-Metalated Pd(II) Complexes Including two Novel Pd(II)/Rh(III) Dimers

The photophysics of cyclopalladated compounds has received attention in the literature recently (Wakatsuki 1985). We were initially interested in exploring the photophysics of a complex prepared by Kasahara (1968); [Pd(ppy)Cl]2. The electronic transitions of this dimeric complex as well as for several monomeric derivatives have been characterized as intra ligand transitions of the ortho-metalated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) ligand (Craig 1987). Our attention was then focused on combining two different metals of non-equivalent valence into a single molecule. We report here the synthesis, characterization and photophysics of two novel mixed-metal organometallic complexes where palladium(II) and rhodium(III) have been coupled via a halide bridge.
Niels Bohr Models the Hydrogen Atom as a Quantized System with Compelling Exactness, but His Later Career Proves that Collaboration and Developing New Talent Can Become More Significant than the Groundbreaking Research of Any Individual

Niels Bohr’s crowning achievement as a young postdoctoral scientist was to construct a model for the hydrogen atom that incorporated Rutherford’s new measurements showing that the atomic nucleus was very small. Bohr hypothesized that in the hydrogen atom the electron could circle the nucleus in orbits that were stationary states and did not radiate energy unless the electron made transitions from one state to another. This theory led to the first explanation of the line spectra emitted by excited atoms. Bohr made many other advances in science, but his greatest was to nurture and guide the contributions of many physicists, including Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger, to the development of a more complete quantum mechanics.
Assessment of Bragg Imaging and the Importance of its Various Components by Comparison with Radiographic Imaging

Ultrasonic imaging by Bragg diffraction of light, first demonstrated by Korpel (1966), may have applications in medical diagnosis. With this in mind, a group of researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara have performed various investigations using Bragg imaging at the low frequencies (1 MHz to 5 MHz) required for clinical use (see Landry, et al., 1972 and Hormozdyar, et al., 1974).
Identifying Medicare Provider Fraud with Unsupervised Machine Learning

With the increasing number of people ages 65 and older, healthcare programs are being relied on more for quality and affordable care. Given these and other factors, healthcare spending continues to increase, particularly for the elderly. Medicare is one such program affected by the aging population. Fraud in the United States (U.S.) Medicare program is an ongoing issue resulting in higher healthcare costs for beneficiaries. In this paper, we present an empirical study of several unsupervised machine learning methods to detect outliers, indicating fraudulent medical providers, using the Medicare Part B big dataset. We employ two methods, Isolation Forest and Unsupervised Random Forest, which have not previously been used for the detection of Medicare fraud, along with more commonly used methods to include Local Outlier Factor, autoencoders, and k-Nearest Neighbors. In order to validate the fraud detection performance of each method, we use the List of Excluded Individuals/Entities (LEIE) database which contains information on excluded providers. Moreover, we present details on processing the Part B data and incorporating the LEIE fraud labels. Our results indicate that Local Outlier Factor is the best outlier detection method and k-Nearest Neighbors, with 5 neighbors, and autoencoders are the worst at detecting Medicare Part B fraud.
The diary as witness to the Holocaust: materiality, immediacy, and mediated memory

ABSTRACTAlthough the diary shares common qualities with other life writing texts, I consider it as a particular kind of memory-text and witness. I therefore propose to study the way in which it med...
Internationalization of Franchise Systems

Though the internationalization of firms has progressed in theory development and empirical testing during the last two decades, researchers continue to concentrate on the exporting behavior of man...
15N, 13C and 1H resonance assignments of FKBP12 proteins from the pathogenic fungi Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients and remain difficult to treat since fungal pathogens, like mammals, are eukaryotes and share many orthologous proteins. As a result, current antifungal drugs have limited clinical value, are sometimes toxic, can adversely affect human reaction pathways and are increasingly ineffective due to emerging resistance. One potential antifungal drug, FK506, establishes a ternary complex between the phosphatase, calcineurin, and the 12-kDa peptidyl-prolyl isomerase FK506-binding protein, FKBP12. It has been well established that calcineurin, highly conserved from yeast to mammals, is necessary for invasive fungal disease and is inhibited when in complex with FK506/FKBP12. Unfortunately, FK506 is also immunosuppressive in humans, precluding its usage as an antifungal drug, especially in immunocompromised patients. Whereas the homology between human and fungal calcineurin proteins is > 80%, the human and fungal FKBP12s share 48–58% sequence identity, making them more amenable candidates for drug targeting efforts. Here we report the backbone and sidechain NMR assignments of recombinant FKBP12 proteins from the pathogenic fungi Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus fumigatus in the apo form and compare these to the backbone assignments of the FK506 bound form. In addition, we report the backbone assignments of the apo and FK506 bound forms of the Homo sapiens FKBP12 protein for evaluation against the fungal forms. These data are the first steps towards defining, at a residue specific level, the impacts of FK506 binding to fungal and mammalian FKBP12 proteins. Our data highlight differences between the human and fungal FKBP12s that could lead to the design of more selective anti-fungal drugs.
Study on fault ride-through control of islanded wind farm connected to VSC-HVDC grid based on the VSC converter AC-side bus forced short circuit

Wind farms integrated to an AC power system through a voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current system (VSC-HVDC) are viewed as islanded wind farms. The wind farm side converter of VSC-HVDC maintains a constant frequency of the wind farm collection network and also controls its voltage. However, the transient responding time of VSC-HVDC is very short, and its fault responding feature is at the millisecond (ms) level. As a result, under grid fault conditions, the VSC station could be overloaded and even operation could be quitted because of blocking if islanded wind farms fail to limit their power generation in time. This study proposes a fault ride through control method for VSC-HVDC connected with islanded wind farms based on the forced short circuit of the AC-side bus of the VSC station. When there is a fault in the VSC-HVDC and the protection equipment is not able to cut off the excessive power at the ms level, the short-circuit resistance installed on the AC side of the VSC station would be switched to make a forced short circuit. That would activate the low-voltage ride through mode of islanded wind farms, and therefore reduce the power flowing into the VSC quickly. The HVDC fault and short circuit on the AC side would be cleared at the same time. The VSC-HVDC system accomplishes fault ride through.
Evaluating Attitudes About Aging and Body Comparison as Moderators of the Relationship Between Menopausal Status and Disordered Eating and Body Image Concerns Among Middle-Aged Women

Abstract Objective Evidence suggests the menopausal period may be a unique window of vulnerability for the development or exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms among middle-aged women; however, it is unclear who is most at risk during this period. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether appearance-related aging concerns and body comparison, two sociocultural factors, moderated the association between menopausal status and disordered eating behaviors and body image concerns among middle-aged women. Method Participants (N = 310) completed an online survey about their menopausal status, aging concerns, body comparison, disordered eating, and body image concerns. Results Tests of moderator models revealed that at low levels of aging concerns, peri-menopausal women reported greater dietary restraint than pre-menopausal or post-menopausal women. Additionally, among women with high scores for body comparison, post-menopausal women reported significantly more dietary restraint than either pre- or peri-menopausal women. Discussion These findings suggest that the effects of menopause on dietary restraint may be stronger for some women than others.
A multi-objective model for minimising makespan and total travel time in put wall-based picking systems

In this study, a multi-objective order batching and picker routing model for minimising the total travel time and makespan in a put wall-based picking system is proposed. A put wall is a hardware composed of containers that is usually used as a sorting station. Put walls usually have limited capacity and can accommodate only a part of received orders at a time. Thus, in put wall-based picking systems, order batching and picker routing should be considered along with the scheduling of the orders on the put wall. To solve the problem, a genetic algorithm (GA), a coevolutionary genetic algorithm (COGA) and an archived multi-objective simulated annealing (AMOSA) are proposed. It is found that GA and COGA offer a more diverse set of solutions to the problem compared to AMOSA.
Investigating the influence of contributing factors and predicting visibility at road link-level

Abstract Data from weather stations at airports, far away locations or predictions using macro-level data may not be accurate enough to disseminate visibility related information to motorists in advance. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the influence of contributing factors and develop visibility prediction models, at road link-level, by considering data from weather stations located within 1.6 km of state routes, US routes and interstates in the state of North Carolina (NC). Four years of meteorological data, from January 2011 to December 2014, were collected within NC. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and weighted least squares (WLS) regression models were developed for different visibility and elevation ranges. The results indicate that elevation and cloud cover are negatively associated with low visibility. The chances of low visibility are higher between six to twelve hours after rainfall when compared to the first six hours after rainfall. A visibility sensor was installed at four different locations in NC to compare hourly visibility from the selected regression model, High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) data, and the nearest weather station. The results indicate that the number of samples with zero error range was higher for the selected regression model compared with the HRRR and weather station observations.
Teardowns, popups, and renovations: How does housing supply change?

Cities grow in layers over time. As population and land values increase, older, smaller buildings are replaced with higher density, higher value structures. However, direct costs of redevelopment and institutional barriers such as zoning may constrain replacement of older structures, leading to alternate forms of supply adjustment. In this paper, I use data on building permits in Washington DC to examine three different forms of residential investment: new construction, expansion of existing structures, and renovation. Results suggest that new construction accounts for a relatively small part of residential investment and is highly concentrated in a few neighborhoods. Expansions and alterations of existing structures are more frequent and more evenly dispersed across space. Recent increases in housing values are correlated with more new construction, but only among neighborhoods with relatively more permissive zoning. Additions and alterations are more prevalent in neighborhoods with high property values, older housing, and more restrictive zoning.
PREVALENCE AND PROGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The prevalence and prognosis of NSTEMI patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) are unknown We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with NSTEMI using the National Inpatient Sample between 2002 and 2014. The exposure variable was IMV
4CPS-130 One in a million: a TNF receptor-1 associated syndrome resistant to anti-TNF-alpha therapy

Background and importance Tumour necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1 per million. The goal of therapy is prevention of recurrent symptoms and normalisation of inflammatory markers. These patients also have an increased risk of developing amyloidosis. Clinical experience and extrapolation from other autoinflammatory disorders suggest that early institution of biologics can lowers this risk. Historically, antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy (etanercept) was used for patients with frequent and/or severe recurrences and for those with TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) gene mutations associated with a high risk of amyloidosis. Aim and objectives To improve evidence about TRAPS refractory to anti-TNFs and its management. Material and methods We describe the case of a child affected by TRAPS and its pharmacotherapeutic management. Treatment options included oral glucocorticoids and biologic agents (etanercept, anakinra). Medical and pharmaceutical records were reviewed, and a bibliographic research was made to establish the state of the art treatment of TRAPS. UpToDate, Pubmed and the Cochrane Library were consulted, finding little information on this very rare medical condition. Results Our patient was a 7 year old boy who presented with recurrent febrile episodes, accompanied by abdominal pain and periorbital eczema. There was no infectious focus. Laboratory data showed elevated inflammatory markers. The rheumatologist suspected an autoimmune syndrome rather than an autoinflammatory disease. Lack of autoantibodies and a genetic diagnosis confirmed TRAPS. Initial treatment was oral prednisone, with a response similar to NSAIDs. Due to persistence of symptomatology, the clinician indicated etanercept, which achieved a partial response but had to be interrupted because of respiratory related sepsis. Afterwards, this biologic was reintroduced with low doses of prednisone. Over the following months the patient relapsed, and anakinra was prescribed instead of etanercept. Anakinra treatment showed satisfactory results, achieving symptomatology control and normalisation of laboratory parameters with no remarkable safety concerns. Conclusion and relevance We have presented the case of a patient refractory to anti-TNF treatment who experienced dramatic improvement with the recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. There are only a few cases published on this subject, and our experience supports the evidence that anakinra can be considered a firstline treatment for TRAPS due to its efficacy and lack of adverse reactions. References and/or acknowledgements No conflict of interest.
Stem cell factor induction of in vitro murine hematopoietic colony formation by "subliminal" cytokine combinations: the role of "anchor factors".

The high levels of hematopoietic growth factors required for in vitro and in vivo activity raise questions as to their role in normal hematopoietic maintenance. We hypothesize that the use of combinations of cytokines to stimulate hematopoietic progenitors might allow individual factors to exert their influence at lower, more physiologically relevant concentrations. Growth factor combinations were assessed by their ability to stimulate both total colonies and high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC), an early murine hematopoietic progenitor, in double-layer agar cultures. Very- low-level combinations of colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, and IL-3 had little or no clonogenic capacity. Plateau levels of rr stem cell factor (rrSCF), a c-kit ligand, used alone also had negligible clonogenic capacity, but when combined with the low-level combination of the other five factors produced total colony and HPP-CFC growth approaching that produced by all factors at plateau levels. Delayed addition experiments suggest that this effect may represent sequential activity of SCF and the other factors. We propose a model of the normal hematopoietic microenvironment in which SCF at locally high concentration on the stromal cell surface “anchors” the hematopoietic stem cell's response to multiple other cytokines at physiologically relevant levels.