cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Length Dependence of Translational Diffusion, Free Solution Electrophoretic Mobility, and Electrophoretic Tether Force of Rigid Rod-Like Model Duplex DNA

Abstract In this work, boundary element modeling is used to study the transport of highly charged rod-like model polyions of various length under a variety of different aqueous salt conditions. Transport properties considered include free solution electrophoretic mobility, translational diffusion, and the components of the "tether force" tensor. The model parameters are chosen to coincide with transport measurements of duplex DNA carried out under six different salt/temperature conditions. The focus of the analysis is on the length dependence of the free solution electrophoretic mobility. In a solution containing 0.04M Tris-acetate buffer at 25°C, calculated mobilities using straight rod models show a stronger dependence on fragment length than that observed experimentally. By carrying out model studies on curved rod models, it is concluded that the "leveling off" of mobility with fragment length is due, in part at least, to the finite curvature of DNA. Experimental mobilities of long duplex DNA in monovalent alkali salts are reasonably well explained once account is taken of long-range bending and the simplifying assumptions of the model studies.
Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and its Surrogates IX: Discrepancies among Infused Buprenorphine Plasma Concentrations Sampled From Different Veins

When blood was drawn from the brachial vein of the dog upon infusion of buprenorphine hydrochloride in saline through a plastic catheter into the jugular vein, the post-infusion jugular vein plasma concentrations observed during the first 15 min of the post-infusion distributive phase were significantly higher than the highest observed brachial vein plasma concentrations at the time of cessation of infusion. When blood was drawn from the jugular vein following infusion of buprenorphine hydrochloride into the left brachial vein, the post-infusion left brachial plasma concentrations during the first 15 min of the post-infusion distributive phase were significantly higher than the highest jugular and contralateral brachial vein concentrations observed just before and after the cessation of infusion. Dependent on whether the plasma concentrations sampled from the infused catheter or another catheter were used, the apparent calculated total body clearances differed by 25–39%. These results demonstrated that the observed differences in the post-infusion buprenorphine concentrations in plasma obtained from different veins were not due to any drug-induced changes in the circulatory physiology of the dog. Evidence is presented to show that the discrepancies were due to the repartitioning of the catheter-bound drug into the blood drawn through the catheter for assay, which significantly increased the apparent blood concentration of drug, not-withstanding the fact that only an extremely small fraction (0.004–0.009) of a simulated 1–3-h infused dose partitioned into the plastic catheter. When buprenorphine hydrochloride was administered by a bolus injection, there was no significant partitioning of drug into the infusion catheter. When buprenorphine glucuronide solution was infused through the jugular catheter, post-infusion plasma concentrations from both the jugular and brachial veins were the same, indicating no significant binding of the glucuronide to the plastic catheter. In general, caution must be exercised in interpreting pharmacokinetic data obtained from plasma samples that were drawn through the same plastic catheter as was used in the prolonged infusion of lipophilic drugs.
Pattern of protein production by bovine corpora lutea during luteolysis and characterization of expression of two major secretory products of regressing corpora lutea

Although the decrease of progesterone in serum and in luteal tissue during luteal regression is well characterized, relatively little is known about changes in proteins produced by the corpus luteum during this time. The first objective was to examine changes in patterns of protein secretion that might be associated with functional and structural luteal regression. The second objective was to characterize the expression of two major secretory products of regressing corpora lutea. Thirty normally cyclic heifers were randomly assigned at day 15-16 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = day 0) to be ovariectomized at 0 h (no PGF2 alpha; n = 5) or at 4, 8, 12, 24 or 48 h after PGF2 alpha-induced luteal regression (n = 5 per time point). Total cellular RNA was isolated from tissue frozen at the time of ovariectomy. Thin slices (< 1 mm) of tissue were placed in methionine-deficient minimum essential media with [35S]methionine and placed in a humidified CO2 incubator at 38 degrees C. Media and tissues were collected 6 h later. Changes in profiles of secreted proteins were analysed by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. A number of proteins (relative molecular mass ranging from 14,300 to 200,000) were produced by luteal tissue at each time point (0-48 h). The major secretory proteins had relative molecular masses of approximately 21,500, 28,200, 43,700 and 46,000. Secretion of the relative molecular mass 46,000 protein(s) increased (P < 0.05) between 4 and 24 h after PGF2 alpha injection compared with the 0 h group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photosynthesis and the development of blue-green algal virus N-1.

Abstract The role of photosynthesis in the infection of Nostoc muscorum by blue-green algal virus N-1 has been investigated. The adsorption rate constant (average value = 4.2 × 10−11 cm3/sec) is similar to that of bacteriophage. The one-step growth experiment revealed a latent period of 7 hr and a burst of 100–300 PFU/cell. No particular time in the viral development cycle seems sensitive to the withdrawal of light. Exclusion of light and 10−4 M CCCP, an inhibitor of electron transport, reduce the burst to 0–2% of controls. The burst decreases to 25% of controls when infected cells are treated with 10−6 M DCMU, an inhibitor of photosystem II.
Service innovation strategy and process: a cross‐national comparative analysis

Purpose – Only limited attention has been paid to the issue of new service development (NSD) in a cross‐national context. To address this critique of the literature a comparative cross‐national study of NSD strategy and process of financial service firms in Australia and the USA was conducted.Design/methodology/approach – The study employs a cross‐sectional, survey‐based methodology. The US sampling frame included 274 large financial service firms situated in the Northeast region of the USA. The Australian sampling frame consisted of 262 firms situated in the Southeast region of Australia.Findings – The data pattern suggests that the firms in both the countries use different new service strategies to compete in the industry and emphasize different sets of development stages in developing new services.Research limitations/implications – The analysis has been restricted to two countries: Australia and the USA. This suggests the need for further comparative studies of NSD in other cultures/countries.Practica...
Optical generation of coherent surface acoustics: an optically based probe of surface structure and dynamics.

Above-band-gap picosecond pulses are used to generate holographically high-frequency, coherent, surface acoustic modes on semiconductor surfaces. Optical diffraction from the surface acoustics is in superposition to a free-carrier phase grating that acts as an amplifying cross term in the diffraction process. The detection limits are of the order of 10−4 nm for the surface displacement. Frequencies up to 2 GHz have been realized, with frequencies >20 GHz possible. A quantitative theory for the photothermal coupling has been developed. In addition, propagation of the optically generated surface modes has revealed a solid–liquid phase transition of the water layer at TiO2–H2O interfaces.
On a Γ-limit of a family of anisotropic singular perturbations

We construct an example confirming that the interfacial energy density of the Γ-limit of a family of nonconvex functionals, cannot be computed, in general, by assuming that the local behavior of a sequence of vector-valued minimizers near the interface is unidirectional.
Toward understanding state-level jail mortality: Correlates of death by suicide and by natural causes, 1977 and 1982

Censuses of America's local jails were conducted in 1978 and again in 1983. This paper examines the correlates of the state-level deaths by suicide and by natural causes reported in both censuses by more than 3,300 jails in 45 states. A critical feature of this period is the increased activity of the federal judiciary in the day-to-day affairs of local jails, as the “hands-off” doctrine and the legal concept of municipal immunity were largely abandoned in the late 1970s. While several extra- and intra-institutional statewide features of America's jails were found to be significant in jailhouse deaths reported in 1978, only the total number of inmates at risk statewide consistently performed well in the analyses of both 1978 and 1983 jail census data. The policy implications of these findings are discussed at length.
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis: Report of three cases and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is rare; but it is being encountered with increasing frequency. Optimal treatment after diagnosis remains controversial. METHODS In the last 3 years, we have encountered three cases of intramedullary metastasis presenting as focal mass lesions with minimal systemic evidence of cancer. We present our results in these patients and review the literature in an effort to more optimally define both the natural course of this disease, as well as a potential subset of patients who might benefit from more aggressive treatment. RESULTS With the availability of more sensitive imaging techniques, these tumors are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive, but nonspecific, in distinguishing intramedullary spinal cord metastases from primary cord tumors. Urgent biopsy is often necessary prior to definitive treatment. Radiation with chemotherapy significantly prolongs survival. Radical subtotal resection may offer additional quality survival, especially in cases of metastatic melanoma with an occult primary. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of treatment, many patients survive less than 1 year. Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is a devastating condition, but with appropriate diagnosis and aggressive treatment, selected patients may have substantially increased survival.
Increased Compressibility of Pseudobrookite-Type MgTi2O5 Caused by Cation Disorder

Compressibilities were determined for four pseudobrookite-type magnesium titanate (MgTi2O5) samples with different degrees of Mg-Ti disorder. Compressibilities ofa and c axes in disordered MgTi2O5 were 10% and 7% greater, respectively, than those of a relatively ordered sample. The estimated bulk moduli for fully ordered and disordered MgTi2O5 are 167 ± 1 and 158 ± 1 gigapascals, respectively. This difference is an order of magnitude greater than that predicted by bulk modulus–volume systematics. Cation order, in addition to composition and structure information, is thus important when documenting the elasticity of crystalline phases. Elastic constants of mantle silicates that are subject to pressure-induced cation ordering must be reevaluated.
Effect of debris contamination on the fatigue life of roller bearings

AbstractDebris-induced surface-initiated fatigue failure has been recognized as a major mode of failure for modern rolling element bearings. The important aspects essential for failure prediction are discussed. The discussion covers contaminant analysis, particle entrainment, surface indentation, stress concentration and debris life reduction. Quantitative relationships are provided. They constitute a set of useful tools for debris-life prediction of roller bearings.
The application of optical coherence tomography to problems in polymer matrix composites

Abstract The Composites Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has found optical coherence tomography (OCT) to be a powerful tool for non-destructive characterization of polymer matrix composites. Composites often exhibit superior properties to traditional materials such as wood and metal. However, the barrier to their widespread infiltration into consumer markets is cost. Composites can be made more cost competitive by improved composite design, process optimization, and quality control. OCT provides a means of evaluating the three aforementioned areas. OCT is a very versatile technique that can be applied to a variety of problems in polymer composites such as: microstructure determination for permeability and mechanical property prediction, void, dry spot, and defect detection, and damage evaluation. Briefly, OCT uses a low coherence source such as a superluminescent diode laser with a fiber optic based Michelson interferometer. In this configuration, the composite is the fixed arm of the interferometer. Reflections from heterogeneities within the sample are mapped as a function of thickness for any one position. Volume information is generated by translating the sample on a motorized stage. Information about the location and size of a feature within the composite is obtained. In this work, the power of OCT for imaging composite microstructure and damage is presented. An example of permeability prediction using the composite microstructure imaged from OCT is demonstrated. The effect of image processing on the value of permeability is discussed. Using the same sample, OCT imaging of composite impact damage is compared to more traditional techniques, X-ray computed tomography and confocal microscopy.
Comparison of electron beam characteristics from multiple accelerators

Abstract Purpose To determine the relationships between electron beam depth dose characteristics, depth of maximum dose (d max ), depth of 80% dose (d 80 ), and depth of 50% dose (d 50 ), and the nominal energy designation of electron beams from multiple linear accelerators for the purpose of electron beam treatment planning and quality assurance. Methods The Radiological Physics Center Staff, during its on-site dosimetry review visits to institutions participating in clinical trials, measured depth dose characteristics for more than 2000 electron beams. Measurements were performed on Varian, Siemens, and Elekta/Philips accelerators generating beams with nominal energy values ranging from 4–22 MeV. The depth dose data were determined at the nominal source-to-skin distance with the reference cone size in accordance with recommendation of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 25 report. Results The important depth dose characteristics d max , d 80 , and d 50 varied in a predictable fashion when plotted against the true beam quality indicator, R 50 . However, d 80 and d 50 values overlapped considerably when plotted against the manufacturers' nominal electron energy values. For a specific nominal electron energy value, the values of d max , d 80 , and d 50 varied by as little as 3 mm for low energy levels to nearly as much as 20 mm for high energies. Conclusions The manufacturer's nominal electron energy value does not adequately describe the depth dose characteristics of an electron beam for treatment planning purposes. Clinicians and physicists should determine and use only the specific depth dose data for their clinical beams and not the manufacturer's nominal value.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain of Tetrahymena pyriformis The properties of submitochondrial particles and the soluble b and c type pigments

Abstract Submitochondrial particles isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis contain essentially the same redox carriers as those present in parental mitochondria: at pH 7.2 and 22 °C there are two b -type pigments with half-reduction potentials of −0.04 and −0.17 V, a c -type cytochrome with a half reduction potential of 0.215 V, and a two-component cytochrome a 2 with E m7.2 of 0.245 and 0.345 V. EPR spectra of the aerobic submitochondrial particles in the absence of substrate show the presence of low spin ferric hemes with g values at 3.4 and 3.0, a high spin ferric heme with g = 6, and a g = 2.0 signal characteristic of oxidized copper. In the reduced submitochondrial particles signals of various iron-sulfur centers are observed. Cytochrome c 553 is lost from mitochondria during preparation of the submitochondrial particles. The partially purified cytochrome c 553 is a negatively charged protein at neutral pH with an E m7.2 of 0.25 V which binds to the cytochrome c -depleted Tetrahymena mitochondria in the amount of 0.5 nmol/mg protein with a K D of 0.8 · 10 −6 M. Reduced cytochrome c 553 serves as an efficient substrate in the reaction with its own oxidase. The EPR spectrum of the partially purified cytochrome c 553 shows the presence of a low spin ferric heme with the dominant resonance signal at g = 3.28. A pigment with an α absorption maximum at 560 nm can be solubilized from the Tetrahymena cells with butanol. This pigments has a molecular weight of approx. 18 000, and E m7.2 of −0.17 V and exhibits a high spin ferric heme signal at g = 6.
Atomistic characterization of the chemically heterogeneous Al–Pb solid–liquid interface

Abstract The chemically heterogeneous interface between solid Al and liquid Pb at 625 K is examined by using molecular-dynamics simulation. For the interfacial orientations (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1), we characterize the interface by calculating the density, potential energy, stress and diffusion constant profiles as well as a two-dimensional Fourier analysis of the interfacial layers. Our results are consistent with experimental observations [Acta Mater 2001;49:4259], based on the equilibrium shape of liquid Pb inclusions in solid Al just above the melting temperature of Pb, that the (1 1 1) interface is faceted, while the (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) interfaces are rough. We found that Al and Pb form immiscible two-dimensional domains within the interfacial layers, rather than an intermixed interfacial alloy, as was observed in recent simulations of the Cu–Pb interface [Acta Mater 2011;59:3137]. In addition, in contrast to earlier observations on the (1 1 1) Cu–Pb interface at this temperature, no prefreezing layers are found in Al–Pb interfaces for any of the orientations studied.
The growth of American unions, 1945–1960

(1961). The growth of American unions, 1945–1960. Labor History: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 131-157.
The composition of phytoplankton within the Chesapeake Bay plume and adjacent waters off the Virginia coast, U.S.A.

Abstract Phytoplankton composition differences were used to identify and plot the extent of the Chesapeake Bay plume over the continental shelf. Distinct but different phytoplankton assemblages were noted within the plume for March, June and October 1980. The major constituents in the plume were Skeletonema costatum , a variety of other diatoms and an unidentified ultraplankton component assumed to consist of several cyanophycean and chlorophycean species. The shelf plankton outside of the plume was mainly characterized by the coccolithophores and other phytoplankters that formed different seasonal assemblages than what was within the plume. Patchiness and fluctuations in the shape, size and extent of the plume were noted. A total of 235 species is given, with their presence within the plume and at shelf stations indicated.
Toward target recognition from synthetic aperture radar imagery using electromagnetics-based signatures

We develop a theory of target detection and classification from physics-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures. The target-return and clutter-return models are developed from electromagnetic theory. Both stripmap-mode and spotlight-mode SARs are treated. Adaptive-resolution processors, conventional SAR processors, and optimum likelihood-ratio target detectors are presented for multicomponent target detection, and their receiver operating characteristics are compared. Similarly, conventional and optimum likelihood-ratio processors are used for multicomponent target classification. We develop upper and lower bounds and present Monte Carlo simulations for the probabilities of correct classification.
An efficient data structure for the advancing‐front triangular mesh generation technique

A new approach is presented to optimize the search, deletion and insertion operations in the advancing-front triangular grid generation technique. This approach is based on the heap, hash table and linked list data structures. The basic idea is to use different data structures for different operations. When the front is updated after forming an element, a hash table with doubly linked lists is used to speed up searching, deleting, and inserting operations. On the other hand, a heap is used to select the shortest side for constructing each new element. Therefore, there is a need for two copies of the generation front: one is stored in the hash table with doubly linked lists, and the other one in the heap. For each element generated, this approach is able to search for a side to be removed from the front in a constant time on average, and delete and insert a side from and into the front in O(logN) time on average, where N is the number of sides in the front. The technique is also capable of searching and selecting the shortest side from the front for creating a new element in O(1) time. Several examples are included to demonstrate the performance of the approach.
Controlled Operative Atelectasis

n 1950 endobronchial anesthesia was first used by Bjork and Carlens [2] to isolate unilateral purulent parenchymal lung discharge from I the general tracheobronchial tree during surgery. Since that time, a number of modifications have been made in the design and technical use of endobronchial anesthetic tubes [l 1, 13, 20,291. A broader clinical application of controlled operative ventilation has evolved as correlated investigative procedures have demonstrated the hernodynamic changes associated with acute atelectasis of one lung [6, 7, 18, 22, 301. In the past 10 years, over 1,200 thoracic surgical procedures using endobronchial tubes have been carried out at the McGuire Veterans Administration Hospital. While many isolated blood gas determinations have been tabulated on these cases during thoracic anesthesia, 50 patients have been studied in depth to help delineate the technical indications and limitations of controlled operative atelectasis. When direct patient investigation was not practical, animal studies were performed to reaffirm some of the previous work on pulmonary blood flow that might explain the blood gas patterns noted in clinical practice.
Two-level trust-based decision model for information assurance in a virtual organization

Like other unstructured decision problems, selection of external trustworthy objects are challenging particularly in a virtual organization (VO). Novel methods are desired to filter out invalid information as well as insecure programs. This paper presents a new, conceptual approach to support selection of objects. It is a two-level decision model, which helps a VO participant determine whether an external object can be accepted based on the object's quality and security features. This hierarchical decision-making process complies with both practical evidence and theoretical decision models. Its underlying concepts are logically sound and comprehensible. We illustrate the approaches using software selection.
Research productivity in select psychology journals, 1986-2008.

ABSTRACT Examination of research productivity has a long history in psychology. Journals across psychology have periodically published research-productivity studies. An analysis of institutional research productivity was conducted for 17 journals published by the American Psychological Association for the years 1986–2008. This analysis implemented two methodologies: one a replication and extension of G. S. Howard, D. A. Cole, and S. E. Maxwell's (1987) method, the other a new method designed to give credit to psychology departments rather than only overall institutions. A system of proportional credit assured all articles with multiple institutions received credit. Results show that for the 23-year period, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was ranked 1st, followed by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Overall, results showed both consistency and change across all journals examined. The authors explore the implications of these findings in the...
A novel framework for the network-wide distributed detection problem

This paper presents a new framework for distributed target detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In our previous work, for multiple networked sensors collaboratively detecting the presence or absence of a target in the sensor field, every sensor uses an identical threshold for local decision-making. In this paper, we propose a framework where the sensors in the network collaboratively decide and select non-identical thresholds to improve network-wide detection performance in a dynamic manner. This threshold selection scheme is based on a new statistical metric called false discovery rate (FDR). Assuming a signal attenuation model, where the received signal power decays as the distance from the target increases, various performance indices like system level probability of detection and probability of false alarm are studied. Analytical and simulation results are provided for system level probability of false alarm and probability of detection. Performance comparison between the proposed approach and the classical identical local sensor threshold approach is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme.
Emotional Television Scenes and Hemispheric Specialization.

This study examined hemispheric differences1 in cortical arousal as a function of positive and negative emotional television scenes. A three-factor within-subjects design was used: hemispheres (right and left), location of cortical arousal (frontal and occipital), and emotional content of messages (positive and negative). Based on findings that the frontal cortex responds differently to emotional stimuli, it was predicted that negative television content would produce greater right hemisphere activity, and that positive content would produce greater left hemisphere activity, but that differences would be apparent only in the frontal region. The results confirmed these predictions. There was a significant interaction between hemisphere and emotional content for frontal alpha, but no interaction for occipital alpha.2 There were two other main effects: (1) greater cortical arousal for negative than positive scenes, and (2) greater occipital than frontal arousal. The results are discussed in relation to a definition of emotional scenes that emphasizes approach (positive emotion) versus withdrawal (negative emotion), and in relation to hemispheric specialization and the ability of television to prime overt behavior.
STUDIES ON THE INACTIVATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

— The irradiation of TMV with u.v. light of 2537 A wavelength results in the binding of protein subunits to the RNA. These bound subunits are stable towards warm sodium dodecyl-sulfate; however, the binding is not covalent since the subunits are removed by 66% acetic acid, guanidine hydrochloride, or phenol. Approximately one protein subunit is bound per lethal biological ‘hit’. The virus and the nucleic acid extracted from irradiated virus show virtually identical rates of inactivation.
Full-field feature profile models in process control

Most process window analysis applications are capable of deriving the functional focus-dose workspace available to any set of device specifications. Previous work in this area has concentrated on calculating the superpositioned optimum operating points of various combinations of feature orientations or feature types. These studies invariably result in an average performance calculation that is biased by the impact of the substrate, reticle and exposure tool contributed perturbations. Many SEM's and optical metrology tools now provide full-feature profile information for multiple points in the exposure field. The inclusion of field spatial information into the process window analysis results in a calculation of greater accuracy and process understanding because now the capabilities of each exposure tool can be individually modeled and optimized. Such an analysis provides the added benefit that after the exposure tool is characterized, it's process perturbations can be removed from the analysis to provide greater understanding of the true process performance. Process window variables are shown to vary significantly across the exposure field of the scanner. Evaluating the depth-of-focus and optimum focus-dose at each point in the exposure field yields additional information on the imaging response of the reticle and scan-linearity of the exposure tool's reticle stage. The optimal focus response of the reticle is then removed from a full wafer exposure and the results are modeled to obtain a true process response and performance.
Cryoablation of paraHissian pathways in children

Introduction: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of paraHissian pathways raises concern for AV node injury. CryoAblation is advocated as a safe alternative for ablations near the AV node. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and incidence of AV node injury during CryoAblation of paraHissian pathways. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all CryoAblations at our institution. Demographics, SVT mechanism, ablation data, complications and outcome were recorded. Results: A total of 37 patients underwent CryoAblation for SVT, of which 5 (see table) had a paraHissian pathway. The average age was 11.6 1.8 years. All demonstrated a His bundle electrogram at the site of successful ablation. All were acutely successful and no cases were terminated prematurely due to proximity to the AV node. Two of 5 had recurrence of preexcitation, but only one had recurrence of SVT. None are on antiarrhythmic medications. Mean follow-up was 8.3 6.5 months. Transient AV node injury occurred in 2 patients with complete recovery of AV node function immediately upon termination of Cryo. In patient #1, AV node injury was evidenced by maximal preexcitation at the onset of a CryoMapping (-30°C). In patient #4, loss of preexcitation and AV block occurred at the onset of a CryoAblation (-70°C). There was no permanent AV node injury. Permanent RBBB occurred in patient #4. Conclusions: CryoAblation provides an effective means for ablation of paraHissian pathways with the ability to ensure AV node conduction remains intact. The reassurance of maintenance of AV node conduction allows for perseverance in ablations near the AV node with the use of CryoAblation.
Effect of Gravity on Laminar Premixed Gas Combustion II: Ignition and Extinction Phenomena

Abstract Minimum ignition energies and flame radii as a function of time were measured for near-limit, limit, and sublimit fuel-lean methaneair mixtures burning at one-g and zero-g. Minimum ignition energy values were the same at one-g and zero-g except for mixtures very near the zero-g flammability limit and leaner, where the zero-g values were much higher than the one-g values. For sublimit mixtures at zero-g a previously unreported mode of unstable flame propagation was observed; this mode was characterized by a flame radius increasing in proportion to the square root of the time lapse from ignition, an energy release often orders of magnitude greater than the spark energy input, and sudden extinction. This mode of flame propagation was observed at all gas pressures tested but was more pronounced at higher pressures. All zero-g propagation was spherically symmetric except for a few unusual flame extinguishments at high pressures. The principal conclusions are that flame extinguishment at zero-g is caused by a flame-front instability and that gravitational forces have a stabilizing effect on upward flame propagation. The cause of the instability could not be determined; further experiments which might aid in determining the cause are suggested.
Induction of the Tat-binding protein 1 gene accompanies the disabling of oncogenic erbB receptor tyrosine kinases

Conversion of a malignant phenotype into a more normal one can be accomplished either by down-regulation of erbB family surface receptors or by creating inactive erbB heterodimers on the cell surface. In this report, we report the identification and cloning of differentially expressed genes from antibody-treated vs. untreated fibroblasts transformed by oncogenic p185neu. We repeatedly isolated a 325-bp cDNA fragment that, as determined by Northern analysis, was expressed at higher levels in anti-p185neu-treated tumor cells but not in cells expressing internalization defective p185neu receptors. This cDNA fragment was identical in amino acid sequence to the recently cloned mouse Tat binding protein-1 (mTBP1), which has 98.4% homology to the HIV tat-binding protein-1 (TBP1). TBP1 mRNA levels were found to be elevated on inhibition of the oncogenic phenotype of transformed cells expressing erbB family receptors. TBP1 overexpression diminished cell proliferation, reduced the ability of the parental cells to form colonies in vitro, and almost completely inhibited transforming efficiency in athymic mice when stably expressed in human tumor cells containing erbB family receptors. Collectively, these results suggest that the attenuation of erbB receptor signaling seems to be associated with activation/induction or recovery of a functional tumor suppressor-like gene, TBP1. Disabling erbB tyrosine kinases by antibodies or by trans-inhibition represents an initial step in triggering a TBP1 pathway.
Combined17O/1H MRI study in a whole-body scanner

A simple method of obtaining consecutive1H and natural-abundance17O images is described with a scanner’s original body resonator (for1H) and a homemade linear birdcage (for17O). Two kinds of experiments were performed to test the method. In the first experiment, a proton image of the phantom was acquired with a whole-body resonator. In the second experiment, the phantom was inserted into an oxygen birdcage resonator and imaged again with a whole-body resonator. The intensities of images resulting from the experiments were analyzed. Although theB1 field homogeneity is disturbed, the proton images acquired with a whole-body resonator when the oxygen resonator is present are of acceptable quality for use in the combined17O/1H imaging.
A Novel Outlier Detection Scheme for Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Network intrusion detection system serves as a second line of defense to intrusion prevention. Anomaly detection approach is important in order to detect new attacks. Outlier detection scheme is one of the most successful anomaly detection approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel outlier detection scheme based on cost-distribution to detect anomaly behavior in network intrusion detection. We evaluate the capability of this new approach with the data set from KDD Cup 1999 data mining competition. The results indicate that the cost-distribution based scheme outperforms current outlier anomaly detection approaches in the capability to detect attacks and low false alarm rate.
Abstract LB-26: Androgen receptor splice variant AR3 promotes prostate cancer via modulating expression of autocrine/paracrine factors

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Deregulation of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants have been implicated to play a role in prostate cancer development and progression. To understand their functions in prostate, we established a transgenic mouse model (AR3Tg) with targeted expression of the constitutively active and androgen-independent AR splice variant AR3 (a.k.a. AR-V7) in prostate epithelium. We found that over-expression of AR3 modulates expression of a number of tumor-promoting autocrine/ paracrine growth factors (including Tgfβ2 and Igf1) and expands prostatic progenitor cell population, leading to development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition, we showed that some epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) associated genes are upregulated in AR3Tg prostates, suggesting that AR3 may antagonize AR activity and halt differentiation process driven by AR and androgen. This notion is supported by our observations that the number of ck5+/ck8+ intermediate cells is increased in AR3Tg prostates after castration, and expression of AR3 transgene in these intermediate cells compromises prostate epithelium regeneration upon androgen replacement. Our results demonstrate that AR3 is a driver of prostate cancer, at least in part, through modulating multiple tumor-promoting autocrine/paracrine factors. Citation Format: Yun Qiu, Feng Sun, Xi Yang. Androgen receptor splice variant AR3 promotes prostate cancer via modulating expression of autocrine/paracrine factors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-26. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-26
An Introspection Framework for Fault Tolerance in Support of Autonomous Space Systems

This paper describes a software system designed for the support of future autonomous space missions by providing an infrastructure for runtime monitoring, analysis, and feedback. The objective of this research is to make mission software executing on parallel on-board architectures fault tolerant through an introspection mechanism that provides automatic recovery minimizing the loss of function and data. Such architectures are essential for future JPL missions because of their increased need for autonomy along with enhanced on-board computational capabilities while in deep space or time-critical situations. The standard framework for introspection described in this paper integrates well with existing flight software architectures and can serve as an enabling technology for the support of such systems. Furthermore, it separates the introspection capability from applications and the underlying system, providing a generic framework that can be also applied to a broad range of problems beyond fault tolerance, such as behavior analysis, intrusion detection, performance tuning, and power management.
Intimacy disorders and sexual panic states.

Abstract This paper explores the question: Is sexual avoidance a manifestation of intrapsychic barriers to emotional closeness? In some cases it clearly is, but in other cases it is the result of other determinants such as a partner's excessive demands for intimacy and communication and his or her intolerance for even normal emotional distance. Our finding that couples with this dynamic and with sexual aversions have an unusually high prevalence of panic disorder is considered in the light of its clinical implications.
The sympathetic nervous system modulates CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism

CD4(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs are essential mediators of the peripheral immune response to self-antigens. Accordingly, the homeostatic regulation of Treg activity and number would impact on the immune response to both self- and non-self antigens. Because the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) interacts chemically and physically with the central and peripheral immune system and exerts a direct influence on antigen-presenting cells and effector lymphocytes, we have investigated the effect of chemical ablation of the SNS on the number and function of peripheral Treg. Removal of murine peripheral sympathetic innervation by 6-hydroxydopamine induced an increase in splenic and lymph node CD4(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs by a TGF-beta-dependent mechanism. Further, this increase in Tregs coincides with an inhibition of the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our results demonstrate that the SNS is an important contributor to the maintenance of peripheral Treg and TGF-beta acts as a bridge between the immune system and the nervous system. Neurological events mediated by the SNS, such as a stress response, may affect the number of T cells that regulate an immune response. Additionally, targeting Tregs via the SNS may be a novel approach to the prevention or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
The effects of c-Abl mutation on developing B cell differentiation and survival

c-Abl is a widely expressed Src family protein tyrosine kinase that is activated by chromosomal translocation in certain human leukemias. While shown in various experimental systems to regulate cell division and stress responses, its biological functions remain poorly understood. Although expressed at similar levels throughout B cell development, we found that the fraction of phosphorylated, active c-Abl peaks at the pro-B stage. We went on to perform a detailed analysis of B cell development in c-Abl-deficient mice. We confirmed a striking but variable decrease in pro- and pre-B cell numbers, a decrease in pre-B cell growth and an increase in pre-B cell apoptosis. This phenotype was not rescued by transgenic expression of a functional IgHC transgene and only partially rescued by the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-x. Unlike their wild-type counterparts, c-Abl-deficient pre-B cells show a defect in Ca 21 flux upon cross-linking of CD19, a co-receptor known to be involved in pre-B cell receptor signaling and failed to express CD25 on the cell surface. Despite these pre-B cell-signaling defects, selection for in-frame heavy-chain rearrangements was intact in the mutant mice. Remarkably, we were able to rescue the proliferative defect by culturing cells in vitro with large amounts of rIL-7. We conclude that c-Abl is required for normal B cell differentiation and survival.
The Multiplier: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Multi-Stage-Fabrication Economy with Inventories ∗

This paper provides a general equilibrium multi-stage production model to explain the co-existence and co-movement of output- and input-inventories. The model offers a neoclassical perspective on the propagation mechanism of demand uncertainty. It reveals that uncertainty in demand at downstream can be transmitted and amplified towards upstream by inventory investment at all stages of production via input-output linkages, leading to a chain-multiplier effect on aggregate output and employment. The model is capable of explaining several long-standing puzzles of the business cycle associated with inventories.
Analysis of induced EMF and torque waveforms in a brushless permanent magnet machine

Permanent magnet machines with trapezoidal back EMF waveform have been the subject of several papers in the past. The simplicity in control and the absence of an absolute position sensor makes this type of motor very attractive. Idealized analysis of such a machine is simple and will result in trapezoidal or square wave back EMF waveforms depending on the assumptions made. In the case of an idealized quasi-square wave current excitation a ripple-free torque will be obtained. The actual back EMF waveform of these machines depends on the flux density and the conductor distributions. This in turn is a function of the magnet magnetization and the stator tooth and slot structure. In applications where a fairly smooth torque is needed, these machines are made with either the stator slots or the rotor magnets skewed by one slot. This paper deals with the analysis of the back EMF waveform and of the torque ripple waveform of such a machine when the stator slots or rotor magnets are skewed by one slot. The analysis takes into consideration the actual stator conductor distribution and the effect of magnet magnetization on the back EMF waveform. An empirical formula is developed for the magnet flux density distribution which could be used for various magnetization conditions of the magnet. Experimental results are included to confirm the analytical results. >
Fair Randomized Antenna Allocation in Asynchronous MIMO Multi-Hop Networks

Previous work has shown that CSMA-based protocols such as the IEEE 802.11 can yield flow starvation in multi-hop wireless networks. While prior protocol designs alleviated such starvation by utilizing MIMO, they require global synchronization to temporally align transmissions and require per-packet distribution of the complete channel state information. In this paper, we experimentally show that MIMO networks based on pre-802.11 n medium access, the state-of-the-art for asynchronous MIMO CSMA, worsen starvation as compared to SISO networks. Consequently, we design an asynchronous MIMO MAC protocol that counters starvation. We show that randomized and non-greedy antenna allocation coupled with local residual capacity estimation results in previously-starving nodes capturing a fair share of system resources while simultaneously exploiting throughput gains available to multi-antenna systems.
Quadriceps function in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees exercising with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cryotherapy: a randomized controlled study:

Objective:To compare strength and quadriceps muscle activation in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patients who underwent a two-week rehabilitation exercise program using TENS or cryotherapy.Design:Randomized, controlled study.Setting:Clinical research laboratory.Subjects:Thirty patients: 20 males, 10 females, 31.6 (13.0) years, 172.8 (10.0) cm, 75.8 (13.0) kg with diagnosed tear of the anterior cruciate ligament.Interventions:All patients attended four sessions of supervised quadriceps strengthening exercises over two weeks, prior to reconstruction surgery. Patients were randomly allocated (n = 10/group) to receive exercises alone, exercise while wearing a sensory transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device on the knee joint for the duration of each daily session, or 20 minutes of knee joint cryotherapy immediately prior to each daily exercise session.Main measures:Normalized knee extension force and quadriceps central activation ratio were measured before and after the first supervised...
Effects of Additives on Alum Hematoxylin Staining Solutions

All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds. Peak absorbances increased slightly in hematoxylin solutions containing citric, malonic and maleic acids, but decreased with other additives, and in controls. After four months storage the absorbance in all solutions increased about 50%, acidity increased and staining effectiveness increased.
Pioneer: Eyes in the sky

The two Pioneer spacecraft are now the most distant man-made objects in the solar system. They have unique advantages to observe and search, perhaps for the cause of persistent irregularities in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune that strongly suggest the possibilities of another unidentified planet far beyond the one that is the outermost planet. Because Pluto's orbit is greatly elongated, Pluto and Neptune take turns being the outermost planet, with Pluto currently inside Neptune's orbit for the next 17 years. Pioneer 10 is now between the orbits of Uranus and Neptune and will be beyond all the planets in July 1983. Pioneer 11 is between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus.
Analysis of oxytetracycline in extender patties

Antibiotic extender patties, consisting of sugar, vegetable shortening, and oxytetracycline (OTC, usually as the hydrochloride), are used for treatment/prevention of foulbrood in honey bees. An analytical method was developed to determine the concentration in the patties and to allow a study of deterioration over time. Trituration of a sample with EDTA-treated C 18 silica gel, removal of the shortening with isooctane, and elution of the OTC with methanol/acetonitrile gave a solution that could be analyzed by HPLC. Different concentrations and total amounts of OTC have been rec- ommended by different authors. Not all newly-procured samples contained the same level of OTC, and the concentration decreased about 4% per year with storage at room temperature.