cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist Device for Prolonged Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Background Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has the potential to increase the donor pool for lung transplantation by facilitating resuscitation and extended evaluation of marginal organs. Current EVLP methodology employs continuous flow (CF) pumps that produce non-pulsatile EVLP hemodynamics. In this feasibility study, we tested the hypothesis that a pulsatile flow (PF) pump will provide better EVLP support than a CF pump through delivery of physiologic hemodynamics. Methods Porcine lungs were supported in an EVLP model by centrifugal CF (n = 3) or PF (n = 4) left ventricular assist devices. Lungs were ventilated at 4 to 5 mL/kg, 0.21 fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ), and perfused with an acellular, albumin-based solution corrected for osmolarity, acid-base balance, and carbon dioxide pressure (≤20 hours at 30 ° C) for a minimum of 12 hours support. Prostaglandin E 1 and 30% albumin were infused continuously. Hemodynamic, respiratory, and blood gas parameters were continuously monitored and digitally recorded hourly. Parenchymal biopsies were used for quantification of wet to dry weight ratio. Results All lungs maintained function in the EVLP circuit for a minimum of 12 hours (mean 14.7 ± 1 hours) and demonstrated minimal edema formation. The PF EVLP produced higher pulsatility as demonstrated by greater energy equivalent pressure and surplus hemodynamic energy compared with CF EVLP ( p Conclusions The CF and PF EVLP systems successfully maintained lungs 12+ hours using a modified Steen perfusate (XVIVO Perfusion, Inc, Goteborg, Sweden); however, there were no statistically significant differences between CF and PF groups despite higher pulsatility, suggesting that PF may not offer immediate benefits over CF for prolonged ex vivo lung preservation.
Multichannel nonlinear scattering for nonintegrable equations

We consider a class of nonlinear Schr6dinger equations (conservative and dispersive systems) with localized and dispersive solutions. We obtain a class of initial conditions, for which the asymptotic behavior (t ~ + oo) of solutions is given by a linear combination of nonlinear bound state (time periodic and spatially localized solution) of the equation and a purely dispersive part (decaying to zero with time at the free dispersion rate). We also obtain a result of asymptotic stability type: given data near a nonlinear bound state of the system, there is a nonlinear bound state of nearby energy and phase, such that the difference between the solution (adjusted by a phase) and the latter disperses to zero. It turns out that in general, the time-period (and energy) of the localized part is different for t ~ + ov from that+for t --. - or. Moreover the solution acquires an extra constant asymptotic phase e '~-.
The wobbler mouse mutant: an animal model of hereditary motor system disease.

The homozygous wobbler (wr) mouse mutant manifests shortly after birth a form of progressive neural atrophy characterized pathologically by vacuolization and degeneration of neurons of the brainstem and ventral horn of the spinal cord. Ultrastructural features include the presence of autophagic vacuoles containing tubular structures indistinguishable in appearance from neurotubules. The present study correlates certain of these histological features with the characteristics of axoplasmic flow in the homozygous 5–8 week old (wr) mouse. Slow phase axoplasmic flow was found to be identical in both (wr) mice and normal littermate groups and was estimated to be 1–2 mm per day. However, the homozygous (wr) mouse consistently demonstrated more label in the proximal segments at 7 and 10 days suggesting the presence of an additional population of neurons with impaired flow but with a relatively intact protein synthetic mechanism. This is accompanied by histologic evidence for the elaboration of abnormal neurotubular protein under genetic control. It is hypothesized that the neurotubular transport system underlying the slow phase of axoplasmic flow is thus rendered defective resulting in impairment in axonal continuity and the progressive histologic picture so described.
Extended computation of the Riemann zeta-function

In 1955 a programme of study of the first 10000 zeros of the Riemann Zeta-functionwas completed. Use was made of the high-speed digital computer SWAC and a report of this programme has appeared recently [1]. More recently still, the programme has been extended to the first 25000 zeros. All these zeros have σ= ½ The purpose of this paper is to summarize the methods needed for this (and possibly future) work from the highspeed computer point of view.
Did socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality change in the United States over the course of the twentieth century

In this article we present two sets of empirical analyses that consider the extent to which socioeconomic gradients in self-assessed health and child mortality changed since the beginning of the twentieth century in the United States. This empirical issue has important and wide-ranging research and policy implications. In particular, our results speak to the value of considering the role of broader social, economic, and political inequalities in generating and maintaining socioeconomic disparities in morbidity and mortality. Despite dramatic declines in morbidity and mortality rates in the United States across the twentieth century, we find that socioeconomic-status gradients in morbidity and mortality declined only modestly (if at all) during that period.
Photostimulated Reactions at the Surface of Wide Band-Gap Metal Oxides (ZrO2 and TiO2): Interdependence of Rates of Reactions on Pressure−Concentration and on Light Intensity

In this study we examine photostimulated reactions taking place on the surface of wide band-gap metal oxides such as ZrO2 and TiO2. In particular, we explore the photostimulated adsorption (PhA) of oxygen on ZrO2 upon illumination with UV light (λ 400 nm). The emphasis is on an examination of the decay channels of PhA-active surface centers to rationalize the interdependencies of the rate r(ρ,p) on pressure and light intensity The distinguishing feature of O2 PhA kinetics, dp/dt ∝ ρmpn, resides in the dependence of the order of the reaction on the order m with respect to photon flow (ρm) and on the order n with respect to pressure (pn). In other words, m → 1 if n → 0 whereas n → 1 if m → 0. The reaction orders m and n are interdependent in the case of PhA of O2 on ZrO2. A general mechanism is described for the several stages implicated in both PhA and PPSPhA surface processes. A preliminary consideration ...
Asymmetric multilevel outphasing transmitter using class-E PAs with discrete pulse width modulation

We present a high-efficiency transmitter architecture based on asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO), but with a new method of generating discrete amplitude levels from the constituent amplifiers. AMO and multilevel LINC (ML-LINC) transmitters improve their efficiency over LINC by switching the supplies of the power amplifiers (PAs) among a discrete set of voltages. This allows them to minimize the occurrence of large outphasing angles. However, it is also possible to generate a discrete set of amplitudes by varying the duty cycle of the waveform that drives the PAs. The chief advantage of this discrete pulse width modulation (DPWM) is hardware simplicity, as it eliminates the need for a fast, low-loss switching network and a selection of power supply voltages. We demonstrate this concept with a 48-MHz, 20- W peak output power AMO transmitter using a four-level DPWM. At peak output power, the measured power-added efficiency is 77.7%. For a 16-QAM signal with a 6.5-dB peakto- average power ratio, the AMO prototype improves the average efficiency from 17.1% to 36.5% compared to the standard LINC system.
Security, Privacy, and the Role of Law

US President Barack Obama promised a "new comprehensive approach" to cybersecurity and guaranteed to preserve "personal privacy and civil liberties," but the administration has stopped short of committing to the legal changes necessary to protect either information infrastructure or privacy. This tendency to undervalue law as a tool for enhancing both security and individual privacy is shared with other governments. Sound cybersecurity policy requires better incentives to secure data and systems, and those incentives will emerge, at least in part, from legal requirements. Similarly, serious efforts to protect against cyberthreats will compromise privacy and other civil rights unless those rights are protected by law.
Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Combination Vaccine and the Risk of Febrile Seizures

OBJECTIVE: In February 2008, we alerted the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to preliminary evidence of a twofold increased risk of febrile seizures after the combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine when compared with separate measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines. Now with data on twice as many vaccine recipients, our goal was to reexamine seizure risk after MMRV vaccine. METHODS: Using 2000–2008 Vaccine Safety Datalink data, we assessed seizures and fever visits among children aged 12 to 23 months after MMRV and separate MMR + varicella vaccines. We compared seizure risk after MMRV vaccine to that after MMR + varicella vaccines by using Poisson regression as well as with supplementary regressions that incorporated chart-review results and self-controlled analyses. RESULTS: MMRV vaccine recipients (83 107) were compared with recipients of MMR + varicella vaccines (376 354). Seizure and fever significantly clustered 7 to 10 days after vaccination with all measles-containing vaccines but not after varicella vaccination alone. Seizure risk during days 7 to 10 was higher after MMRV than after MMR + varicella vaccination (relative risk: 1.98 [95% confidence interval: 1.43–2.73]). Supplementary analyses yielded similar results. The excess risk for febrile seizures 7 to 10 days after MMRV compared with separate MMR + varicella vaccination was 4.3 per 10 000 doses (95% confidence interval: 2.6–5.6). CONCLUSIONS: Among 12- to 23-month-olds who received their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, fever and seizure were elevated 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2300 doses given instead of separate MMR + varicella vaccines. Providers who recommend MMRV should communicate to parents that it increases the risk of fever and seizure over that already associated with measles-containing vaccines.
Getting on the Front Page: Organizational Reputation, Status Signals, and the Impact of U.S. News and World Report on Student Decisions

Recent studies have suggested that a causal link exists between college rankings and subsequent admissions indicators. However, it is unclear how these effects vary across institutional type (i.e., national universities vs. liberal arts colleges) or whether these effects persist when controlling for other factors that affect admissions outcomes. Using admissions data for top-tier institutions from fall 1998 to fall 2005, we found that moving onto the front page of the U.S. News rankings provides a substantial boost in the following year’s admissions indicators for all institutions. In addition, the effect of moving up or down within the top tier has a strong impact on institutions ranked in the top 25, especially among national universities. In contrast, the admissions outcomes of liberal arts colleges—particularly those in the lower half of the top tier—were more strongly influenced by institutional prices.
Automatic identification of discrete substates in proteins: Singular value decomposition analysis of time‐averaged crystallographic refinements

The singular value decomposition (SVD) provides a method for decomposing a molecular dynamics trajectory into fundamental modes of atomic motion. The right singular vectors are projections of the protein conformations onto these modes showing the protein motion in a generalized low-dimensional basis. Statistical analysis of the right singular vectors can be used to classify discrete configurational substates in the protein. The configuration space portraits formed from the right singular vectors can also be used to visualize complex high-dimensional motion and to examine the extent of configuration space sampling by the simulation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Towards automatic analysis of social interaction patterns in a nursing home environment from video

In this paper, we propose an ontology-based approach for analyzing social interaction patterns in a nursing home from video. Social interaction patterns are broken into individual activities and behavior events using a multi-level context hierarchy ontology framework. To take advantage of an ontology in representing how social interactions evolve, we design and refine the ontology based on knowledge gained from 80 hours of video recorded in the public spaces of a nursing home. The ontology is implemented using a dynamic Bayesian network to statistically model the multi-level concepts defined in the ontology. We have developed a prototype system to illustrate the proposed concept. Experiment results have demonstrated feasibility of the proposed approach. The objective of this research is to automatically create concise and comprehensive reports of activities and behaviors of patients to support physicians and caregivers in a nursing facility
Early cholecystectomy for mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis shortens hospital stay.

Background The timing of cholecystectomy in gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. We hypothesized that in patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis (three or fewer Ranson's criteria), performing early cholecystectomy before resolution of laboratory or physical examination abnormalities would result in shorter hospitalization, without adversely affecting outcomes. Study Design An observational study consisting of a retrospective and a prospective group was conducted. For the prospective group, a deliberate policy of early cholecystectomy (less than 48 hours from admission) was used. The primary end point was total length of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were time from admission to definitive operation, need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and major complications (organ failure and death). Results Group I consisted of 177 patients retrospectively reviewed, and Group II was composed of 43 patients prospectively followed. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to demographics. With respect to admission laboratory values, there was a significant difference in median serum amylase, but there were no differences in median serum levels of lipase, total bilirubin, albumin, white blood cell count, or Ranson's score. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days in Group I versus 4 days in Group II (p= Conclusions In patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis, a policy of early cholecystectomy resulted in a significantly reduced length of hospital stay with no increase in complications or mortality.
Internal wave effects on high-frequency acoustic propagation to horizontal arrays-experiment and implications to imaging

An experiment was carried out over a nine day period from August 18 to 27, 1996 to examine acoustic wave propagation in random media at frequencies applicable to synthetic aperture sonar. The objective was to test experimentally the hypothesized imaging effects of variations in the sound speed along two different acoustic paths as put forth by F.S. Henyey et al. (1997). The focus of this paper is on describing the experiment and carrying out an initial analysis of the data in the context of the effect of ocean internal waves on imaging resolution. The oceanography is summarized to the extent needed to discuss important aspects relative to the acoustics experiment. In the acoustics experiment transmissions at 6, 20, 75, and 129 kHz between sources and receiver arrays were carried out. Source to receiver separation was about 815 m. All sources and receivers were mounted on bottom-deployed towers and were at least 9 m off the seafloor. The analysis concentrates on the 75-kHz data acquired during one day of the experiment. The time span examined Is sufficient to examine a diurnal tidal cycle of the oceanographic conditions. The results indicate the IW phase perturbations would have a significant effect on imaging for even the most benign conditions of the experiment if no autofocusing scheme is used. Also, though autofocusing should be useful in recovering the focus for these conditions, there are conditions (e.g., for the path that has a turning point at the thermocline and during times when solibores are present), where more sophisticated compensation schemes would be needed.
Discretized Gaussian mixture for genotyping of microsatellite loci containing homopolymer runs

Motivation: Inferring lengths of inherited microsatellite alleles with single base pair resolution from short sequence reads is challenging due to several sources of noise caused by the repetitive nature of microsatellites and the technologies used to generate raw sequence data. Results: We have developed a program, GenoTan, using a discretized Gaussian mixture model combined with a rules-based approach to identify inherited variation of microsatellite loci from short sequence reads without paired-end information. It effectively distinguishes length variants from noise including insertion/deletion errors in homopolymer runs by addressing the bidirectional aspect of insertion and deletion errors in sequence reads. Here we first introduce a homopolymer decomposition method which estimates error bias toward insertion or deletion in homopolymer sequence runs. Combining these approaches, GenoTan was able to genotype 94.9% of microsatellite loci accurately from simulated data with 40x sequence coverage quickly while the other programs showed590% correct calls for the same data and required 5� 30� more computational time than GenoTan. It also showed the highest true-positive rate for real data using mixed sequence data of two Drosophila inbred lines, which was a novel validation approach for genotyping. Availability: GenoTan is open-source software available at http://gen otan.sourceforge.net.
Computer vision for guiding manual assembly

This paper considers an augmented reality interface for guiding manual assembly. The key challenges involved in enabling such a system include the design of an effective information presentation scheme, as well as robust and fast sensing of the assembly scene. We present a framework for assembly scene augmentation that is based on robotic assembly planning. We then discuss the problem of sensing for augmented reality without the use of fiducial and present our formulation that combines model-based and appearance-based approaches for recognizing assembly states.
Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species

Patterns of both above- and belowground biomass and production were evaluated using published information from 200 individual data-sets. Data sets were comprised of the following types of information: organic matter storage in living and dead biomass (e.g. surface organic horizons and soil organic matter accumulations), above- and belowground net primary production (NPP) and biomass, litter transfers, climatic data (i.e. precipitation and temperature), and nutrient storage (N, P, Ca, K) in above- and belowground biomass, soil organic matter and litter transfers. Forests were grouped by climate, foliage life-span, species and soil order. Several climatic and nutrient variables were regressed against fine root biomass or net primary production to determine what variables were most useful in predicting their dynamics. There were no significant or consistent patterns for above- and belowground biomass accumulation or NPP change across the different climatic forest types and by soil order. Similarly, there were no consistent patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation by climatic forest type but SOM varied significantly by soil order—the chemistry of the soil was more important in determining the amount of organic matter accumulation than climate. Soil orders which were high in aluminum, iron, and clay (e.g. Ultisols, Oxisols) had high total living and dead organic matter accumulations-especially in the cold temperate zone and in the tropics. Climatic variables and nutrient storage pools (i.e. in the forest floor) successfully predicted fine root NPP but not fine root biomass which was better predicted by nutrients in litterfall. The importance of grouping information by species based on their adaptive strategies for water and nutrient-use is suggested by the data. Some species groups did not appear to be sensitive to large changes in either climatic or nutrient variables while for others these variables explained a large proportion of the variation in fine root biomass and/or NPP.
Human motion-based environment complexity measures for robotics

This paper describes how environmental complexity measures can be employed in the process of validating experimental robotics work. We advocate the use of metrics that attempt to quantify the 'difficulty' of motion for a given environment. Space syntax methods (from the urban and building design literature) and fluid-flow models (used in crowd modeling) are described and proposed as relevant measures for mobile robotics domains. We show experimentally that these two metrics give very different expressions of complexity. We then discuss how, given their properties, these different metrics may be applied to robotics controller design and evaluation.
Magnitude squared design of recursive filters with the Chebyshev norm using a constrained rational Remez algorithm

We describe a Remez type exchange algorithm for the design of stable recursive filters for which the Chebyshev norm of H(/spl omega/)-F(/spl omega/) is minimized, where H(/spl omega/) and F(/spl omega/) are the realized and desired magnitude squared frequency responses. The number of poles and zeros can be chosen arbitrarily and the zeros do not have to lie on the unit circle. The algorithm allows us to design filters with non-conventional frequency responses with arbitrary weighting functions. It also gives optimal minimum phase FIR filters and elliptic recursive filters as special cases. We discuss three main difficulties in the use of the Remez algorithm for recursive filter design and give ways to overcome them. >
Do Cooperative Radios Collide

When cooperative terminals transmit concurrently, the receiver experiences additional distortion by the presence of radios carrier offsets and time delays. With the inevitable inaccuracy in estimating the channel at the receiving end, is it realistic to assume that relays transmissions do not collide? To address this question, we provide an analytical framework to model the effect of channel estimation methods that treat the channel as deterministic and unknown, and derive the average symbol error rate (SER) of a maximum likelihood sequence decoder (MLSD) and of a linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) equalizer using such estimates. We select the appropriate architecture by mapping two different channel estimation techniques onto the proposed analytical framework, and derive their diversity gain. First we analyze the well known linear least square channel estimation (LLSE), then, we show how to cast a compressed channel sensing (CCS) method onto our analytical model, by a novel approximation of the estimator noise and modeling mismatch. We observe that the latter is the key bottleneck in LLSE whereas the CCS appears sufficiently flexible to deliver the promised gains. This conclusion shows that collisions models are overly pessimistic, but it also underscores the need for an advanced receiver synchronization design.
Effect of contrast agent on the incidence and magnitude of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage in rats.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that inertial cavitation in the vasculature of the lung is not the physical mechanism responsible for ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage. Methods: A factorial design was used to study the effects of two types of injected agents (IA; 0.25 ml per rat of saline or Optison® given intravenously) and two levels of pulsed ultrasound exposure (UE; in situ peak rarefactional pressures of 2.74 and 5.86 MPa; respective mechanical indices of 1.02 and 2.14) on the incidence and size of lung lesions. Ten 10-to-11-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulsed ultrasound at each of the four combinations of IA and UE at a center frequency of 3.1 MHz, exposure duration of 10 s, pulse repetition frequency of 1,000 Hz and pulse duration of 1.2 μs. In addition, nine rats served as shams in which no lung hemorrhage occurred. Results: Rats administered contrast agent prior to exposure did not have an increase in lesion occurrence or size compared to rats that received saline with no contrast agent. Conclusions: These results provide further evidence that the mechanism for production of lung hemorrhage is not inertial cavitation. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 21, July 2004)
Glucose-Responsive Regulators of Gene Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Function at the Nuclear Periphery via a Reverse Recruitment Mechanism

Regulation of gene transcription is a key feature of developmental, homeostatic, and oncogenic processes. The reverse recruitment model of transcriptional control postulates that eukaryotic genes become active by moving to contact transcription factories at nuclear substructures; our previous work showed that at least some of these factories are tethered to nuclear pores. We demonstrate here that the nuclear periphery is the site of key events in the regulation of glucose-repressed genes, which together compose one-sixth of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. We also show that the canonical glucose-repressed gene SUC2 associates tightly with the nuclear periphery when transcriptionally active but is highly mobile when repressed. Strikingly, SUC2 is both derepressed and confined to the nuclear rim in mutant cells where the Mig1 repressor is nuclear but not perinuclear. Upon derepression all three subunits (α, β, and γ) of the positively acting Snf1 kinase complex localize to the nuclear periphery, resulting in phosphorylation of Mig1 and its export to the cytoplasm. Reverse recruitment therefore appears to explain a fundamental pathway of eukaryotic gene regulation.
Analysis of Physician Attitudes Concerning Requests for Autopsy

To quantify the role of failure to request consent as a determinant of the autopsy rate, questionnaires asking whether an autopsy had been requested and the reasons for that decision were distributed to primary physicians after each death in a consecutive series of 75 patient deaths. Autopsies were requested in only 56% of cases. Common reasons to request an autopsy included unanswered medical questions (37%), medical education (22%), research protocol participation (16%), or routine policy (14%). When autopsies were not requested, the most common reason was the belief that there were no outstanding medical questions (64%). Follow-up interviews with 14 oncologists and hematologists revealed that 8 generally request autopsies (usually to contribute to medical education or to discover unexpected findings) and 6 generally do not (usually because no unexpected findings are anticipated). Attempts to increase the current low autopsy rate should address the question of when and why physicians are willing to request this procedure.
Physical Conditions for Ferromagnetic Resonance

All but one of the multiple ferromagnetic resonances observed by White and Solt in a sphere are shown to correspond to modes in which the oscillating part of the magnetization is independent of r (the only case ordinarily considered) or varies linearly with r in the sample.
Blood flow conditions in the proximal pulmonary arteries and vena cavae: healthy children during upright cycling exercise.

Diagnostic testing in patients with congenital heart disease is usually performed supine and at rest, conditions not representative of their typical hemodynamics. Upright exercise measurements of b...
Transformatory, Community Based Teaching About Race

Teaching about race is not just a theoretical exercise. It has much to do with connecting theory with practice. A robust approach to teaching race is embedded in moving theory into the world. In this essay the case is made for a transformatory approach to teaching about race through connecting students to communities in struggle for racial justice. Situating race thinking in action-centered social contexts is key to this approach. Students begin to learn directly how racism is located socially and constructed politically. Thus classrooms and communities become spaces where activists, scholars, and students co-create change in theory and practice. This demands working together toward the social transformation of a highly unequal society. Teaching race through community engagement is also a practice where we draw upon the knowledge and histories of communities in struggle. The signature lesson of this approach is that racial change comes from activated communities committed to moving in the world for social transformation.
"By her unveil'd each horrid crime appears": Authorship, Text, and Subtext in Phillis Wheatley's Variants Poems

In 1773, Phillis Wheatley’s Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral appeared print. Ever since the publication of her book of neoclassic verse, the African-born poet has been a controversial figure in American History. At the center of the controversy is the question of whether or not the mother of the African American literary tradition criticized slavery. While some scholars have denounced Wheatley for not addressing the institution; others argue that her work represented a subtle critique. Ironically, missing in this discourse are the poet’s diacritical marks that underscores not only the power of words to mean, but also subversive readings—both of which are the focus of this essay.
Abstract WP92: Human Neural Stem Cells Enhance Synaptic Structural Remodeling in the Ischemic Brain.

Introduction: Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising new experimental treatment for stroke; understanding its mechanism of action will facilitate the translation of stem cell therapy ...
Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Indexes at Rest and Post-Exercise in Athletes: Evaluating the Agreement with Accepted Recommendations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement of the vagal-related heart rate variability index, log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSD), measured under ultra-short-term conditions (< 60 seconds) with conventional longer term recordings of 5 minutes in collegiate athletes under resting and post-exercise conditions. Electrocardiographic readings were collected from twenty-three athletes within 5-minute segments at rest and at 25-30 minutes of supine recovery following a maximal exercise test. From each 5-minute segment, lnRMSSD was recorded as the criterion measure. Within each 5-minute segment, lnRMSSD was also determined from randomly selected ultra-short-term segments of 10-, 30-, and 60-seconds in length, which were compared to the criterion. When compared to the criterion measures, the significant intraclass correlation (from 0.98 to 0.81, p < 0.05) and typical error (from 0.11 to 0.34) increased as ultra-short-term measurement duration decreased (i.e., from 60 seconds to 10 seconds). In addition, the limits of agreement (Bias ± 1.98 SD) increased as ultra-short-term lnRMSSD duration decreased as follows: 0.00 ± 0.22 ms, -0.07 ± 0.41 ms, -0.20 ± 0.94 ms for the 60-, 30-, and 10-second pre-exercise segments, respectively, and -0.15 ± 0.39 ms, -0.14 ± 0.53 ms, -0.12 ± 0.76 ms for the 60-, 30-, and 10-second post-exercise segments, respectively. This study demonstrated that as ultra-short-term measurement duration decreased from 60 seconds to 10 seconds, the agreement to the criterion decreased. Therefore, 60 seconds appears to be an acceptable recording time for lnRMSSD data collection in collegiate athletes. Key PointsThe log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSD) is a vagal-related heart rate variability index that has become a promising method for monitoring individual adaptation to training when measured during resting or post-exercise conditions.This study demonstrated that lnRMSSD of the 60-second electrocardiogram segments could likely serve as an alternative to traditional 5-minute measures in resting and exercise recovery conditions.Due to the current results in athletes and previous investigation involving non-athletes, the utility of ultra-sound-term lnRMSSD measures, especially 60 seconds in duration, within field setting for monitoring athletes at rest and in response to stress appears promising.
Suspending the Principle of Relativity

A unique hyperbolic geometry paradigm requires suspending the Relativistic principle that absolute velocity is unmeasurable. The idea that of two observers each sees the same constant velocity, therefore there is no absolute velocity, is true only because Relativity uses a particular Lorentz geometry. Our mathematical geometry constructs circle and hyperbola vectors with hyperbolic terms in an original formulation of complex numbers. We use a point on a hyperbola as a frame of reference. A theory of time is given. The physical laws of motion by Galileo, Newton and Einstein are forged using the absolute velocity and the precondition to electromagnetic velocity. The field of real and fictitious force accelerations is established. We utilize Galilean Invariance to measure absolute velocity. An experiment exemplifies the math from the Earth’s frame of reference. But Relativity is based on local Lorentz geometry. We discover a possible dark energy and gravitational accelerations and a geometry of gravitational collapse.
The Microstructure and Properties of Layered Oxide Thin Films Fabricated by MOCVD

For the first time, layered oxide thin films of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) with very good ferroelectric properties have been prepared by direct-liquid-injection MOCVD technique The SBT films were deposited onto both Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si wafers and single-crystal sapphire substrates to measure their phase formation, microstructure and ferroelectric properties. Crystalline SBT phase had been observed at temperatures as low as 500°C With increasing deposition temperature above 500°C, the grain size of SBT thin films was increased from 0.01 μm to 0.2 μm. The films were found to be dense and homogenous. Typically, SBT thin films of 200 nm thick with grain size about 0.1 μm have 2Pr around 10 μC/cm2 at 5V, Ec 55.7 kV/cm, and dielectric constant around 100. The leakage currents were as low as 8 × 10−9 A/cm2 at 150 kV/cm. The films also showed fatigue-free characteristics: no fatigue was observed up to 1.4 × 1010 switching cycles. This development of MOCVD technique for good quality SBT films make their integration into high density nonvolatile memories relatively easy.
Compressors with Aspirated Flow Control and Counter-Rotation

Viscous flow control via aspiration enables the design of higher work, compact, and efficient compression systems than are possible without such control. Recent progress to date on the application of this technology to single-stage compressors is first reviewed. Next, design studies are described which extend this concept to multistage compressors. From these studies a counter-rotating fan configuration was selected for detailed design. It consists of a counter-swirl-producing inlet guide vane, followed by a high speed non-aspirated rotor and a counter-rotating low speed aspirated rotor. Both rotors have full-span supersonic relative flow Mach numbers due to the counter-swirl produced by the inlet guide vane and the absence of a stator between the two rotors. The lower speed of the second rotor, while increasing the blade loading above conventional limits, delivers a more optimum balance between the shock loss and viscous boundary layer loss, which can be controlled by aspiration. Aspiration also adds the benefit of stabilizing the passage shock position, which improves the compressor performance. The design aspiration requirement for the configuration is 1% of the inlet mass flow. Aspiration is applied through a single slot on the rotor suction surface, and the aspirated flow is transported radially inward through a passage in the rotor. The tip speeds of the two rotors are 1450 and 1200 feet per second, respectively, and both rotors have nominal tip clearances of 0.5% of the tip chord. The fan is predicted to produce an overall pressure ratio of 3 at an adiabatic efficiency of 0.9. The experimental performance of the fan is to be evaluated in a short duration blowdown facility. Applications for such fans may be found in engines for multi-mission aircraft, for high-supersonic cruise aircraft, and for first stage earth-to-orbit vehicles.
Abstract IA34: Who benefits from patient navigation: Updates from the National Patient Navigation Research Program

Patient navigation programs continue to proliferate across the country, as evidence of their effectiveness in addressing health disparities continues to grow. However, cancer centers are concerned about the sustainability of patient navigation programs, as they are usually not supported through insurance reimbursement of care. Therefore, it is useful to identify where patient navigation is the most effective, which patients benefit the most from navigation, and what aspects of patient navigation programs provide the greatest impact on patient care. This information is critical for programs to develop the most effective programs with limited resources. e present new analyses from the National Patient Navigation Research Program, to address which patients benefit the most from patient navigation. Our findings indicate that a number of variables that can be collected at the time of referral to a cancer program are predictors of patients in need of navigation and patients who benefit from navigation. These include sociodemographic characteristics, such as education, employment, income and housing status, medical comorbidities, and social and logistic barriers to care. Systems with the greatest delays in care benefit the most from navigation. Navigators are most effective when their roles focus on direct interaction time with patients, their caregivers, and the health care team. Excess efforts by patient navigators to address limitations with electronic medical records detract from their clinical effectiveness. These findings may help programs develop and refine their patient navigation programs to provide the greatest impact and support to patients. Citation Format: Karen M. Freund. Who benefits from patient navigation: Updates from the National Patient Navigation Research Program. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA34.
Regional disparities in hospitalization charges for patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection in New York State: correlation with outcomes

There is increasing regulatory pressure for cost containment in neuro-oncology, and rationalization of the observed regional disparities. We investigated the presence of such disparities in New York State and examined the impact of risk adjustment on the magnitude of this variation. We performed a cohort study involving patients with brain tumors (gliomas, metastases, or meningiomas), who underwent craniotomy for resection from 2009 to 2013, and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. A linear regression model was utilized for risk-adjustment of inpatient charges using socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Hospitals with fewer than 20 craniotomies were excluded. 13,535 patients underwent treatment, including 5032 (37.2 %) gliomas, 4858 (35.9 %) metastases, and 3645 (26.9 %) meningiomas. Unadjusted median hospitalization charges ranged from $22,954 to $177,398 at the hospital level, and $30,086 to $159,281 at the county level. Despite extensive risk-adjustment we observed persistent disparities with median hospitalization charges ranging from $40,455 to $124,691 at the hospital level, and $53,999 to $94,844 at the county level. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that these disparities were significant at the facility and the county level (P < 0.0001). Increased charges were not associated with shorter LOS (r = 0.10, P = 0.41), or lower rates of death (r = 0.09, P = 0.46), and unfavorable discharge (r = 0.24, P = 0.06). Using a comprehensive all-payer cohort of patients with brain tumors in New York State we identified wide disparities at the hospital and the county level despite comprehensive risk-adjustment. Increased charges were not associated with shorter LOS, or lower rates of death and unfavorable discharge.
Passive frame theory: A new synthesis

Passive frame theory attempts to illuminate what consciousness is, in mechanistic and functional terms; it does not address the "implementation" level of analysis (how neurons instantiate conscious states), an enigma for various disciplines. However, in response to the commentaries, we discuss how our framework provides clues regarding this enigma. In the framework, consciousness is passive albeit essential. Without consciousness, there would not be adaptive skeletomotor action.
Concentration and Competition in the Chemotherapy Drug Market

The pharmaceutical industry is comprised of companies that discover and sell drugs that require a doctor’s prescription. The pharmaceutical industry ranks among the top industries in the United States in sales and research and development. This chapter considers competition in this industry and investigates the relationship between market structure, patent protection, and concentration.
Rhetorical Challenges and Concerns in Enterprise Content Management

Enterprise Content Management (ECM) can present intriguing new opportunities for organizations’ writers, but it also poses significant challenges to the rhetorical assumptions that underlie how writers design, work, and train. In this chapter, I suggest that designers and implementers of ECM consider the rhetorical changes ECM brings in terms of sales and implementation, component-based writing, and training and development.
The Beginnings of Molecular Biology

This chapter describes the beginnings of molecular biology with the discovery of bacterial transformation and identification of DNA as the genetic material. The role that bacteriophage and the Cold Spring Harbor Phage group played in this development are emphasized. The discovery of transducing phage and the regulation of gene expression in the temperate phage lambda led to models of transcriptional and translational control. The discovery of lysogeny, and the integration of the bacteriophage into the host chromosome, ultimately led to the idea of cancer viruses being integrated into the chromosome and the oncogene model of cancer.
Surgical and Ablative Management of Liver Metastases

Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) develop within 5 years of primary tumor diagnosis in up to 50% of patients and are diagnosed on preoperative imaging or at primary tumor resection in 15–25% of patients. Modern criteria for resectability of CLRM emphasize the ability to achieve (1) a negative hepatic resection margin; (2) a future liver remnant of at least two contiguous segments with intact biliary drainage, vascular inflow/outflow, and adequate size to provide sufficient hepatic function after resection; and (3) the ability to completely resect and/or ablate extrahepatic disease (EHD). Recent studies have shown that the inability to achieve a 1-cm negative resection margin or the presence of resectable EHD is no longer contraindications to resection. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy may serve to both augment the resectability of CRLM by shrinking previously unresectable lesions and render disease unresectable via injury to the nontumor bearing liver. Portal vein embolization (PVO) has been employed to broaden the criteria for resectability by increasing the volume and synthetic function of the future liver remnant. Two-stage hepatectomy is an effective resection strategy for select patients with multiple bilateral colorectal liver metastases that would otherwise be unresectable. Prospective trials and retrospective studies with extensive follow-up demonstrate long-term survival benefits after resection CRLM. Indications for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) include (1) unresectability of liver disease due to location, size, number, or patient comorbidity such that the hepatic reserve provided by the future liver remnant would not be sufficient for patient survival or (2) as an adjunct to hepatic resection to clear the liver remnant of disease while preserving liver function (Abdalla et al, Ann Surg Oncol 13:1271–1280, 2006). While RFA does not provide comparable long-term survival to that provided by resection, outcomes after RFA are superior to that after systemic chemotherapy alone. These developments underscore the need for the early involvement of hepatobiliary surgeons in the multidisciplinary care of patients with CRLM.
Enhanced Quantization: The Right way to Quantize Everything

Canonical quantization relies on Cartesian, canonical, phase-space coordinates to promote to Hermitian operators, which also become the principal ingredients in the quantum Hamiltonian. While generally appropriate, this procedure can also fail, e.g., for covariant, quartic, scalar fields in five-and-more spacetime dimensions (and possibly four spacetime dimensions as well), which become trivial; such failures are normally blamed on the ‘problem’ rather than on the ‘quantization procedure’. In Enhanced Quantization the association of c-numbers to q-numbers is chosen very differently such that: (i) there is no need to seek classical, Cartesian, phase-space coordinates; (ii) every classical, contact transformation is applicable and no change of the quantum operators arises; (iii) a new understanding of the importance of ‘Cartesian coordinates’ is established; and (iv) although discussed elsewhere in detail, the procedures of enhanced quantization offer fully acceptable solutions yielding non-trivial results for quartic scalar fields in four-and-more spacetime dimensions. In early sections, this paper offers a wide-audience approach to the basic principles of Enhanced Quantization using simple examples; later, several significant examples are cited for a deeper understanding. An historical note concludes the paper.
Strategies Toward Automation of Overset Structured Surface Grid Generation

An outline of a strategy for automation of overset structured surface grid generation on complex geometries is described. The starting point of the process consists of an unstructured surface triangulation representation of the geometry derived from a native CAD, STEP, or IGES definition, and a set of discretized surface curves that captures all geometric features of interest. The procedure for surface grid generation is decomposed into an algebraic meshing step, a hyperbolic meshing step, and a gap-filling step. This paper will focus primarily on the high-level plan with details on the algebraic step. The algorithmic procedure for the algebraic step involves analyzing the topology of the network of surface curves, distributing grid points appropriately on these curves, identifying domains bounded by four curves that can be meshed algebraically, concatenating the resulting grids into fewer patches, and extending appropriate boundaries of the concatenated grids to provide proper overlap. Results are presented for grids created on various aerospace vehicle components.