cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Feature-Tracking Echocardiographic Method for the Quantitation of Regional Myocardial Function: Validation in an Animal Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion

Objectives The aim of this study was to validate a novel, angle-independent, feature-tracking method for the echocardiographic quantitation of regional function. Background A new echocardiographic method, Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) (syngo Velocity Vector Imaging technology, Siemens Medical Solutions, Ultrasound Division, Mountain View, California), has been introduced, based on feature tracking—incorporating speckle and endocardial border tracking, that allows the quantitation of endocardial strain, strain rate (SR), and velocity. Methods Seven dogs were studied during baseline, and various interventions causing alterations in regional function: dobutamine, 5-min coronary occlusion with reperfusion up to 1 h, followed by dobutamine and esmolol infusions. Echocardiographic images were acquired from short- and long-axis views of the left ventricle. Segment-length sonomicrometry crystals were used as the reference method. Results Changes in systolic strain in ischemic segments were tracked well with VVI during the different states of regional function. There was a good correlation between circumferential and longitudinal systolic strain by VVI and sonomicrometry (r = 0.88 and r = 0.83, respectively, p Conclusions Velocity Vector Imaging, a new feature-tracking method, can accurately assess regional myocardial function at the endocardial level and is a promising clinical tool for the simultaneous quantification of regional and global myocardial function.
Affect Theory and The Dynamic Hobbesian Body

For Hobbes, the entirety of that which exists is body, and this body is, I contend, dynamic, generative, affective and emotional. In investigating any phenomenon, one must, to follow Hobbes, proceed from the body and its motions. I argue that Hobbes’s persistent materialism ought to direct us toward connecting Hobbes to recent theorizing on affect and emotion. This paper explores Hobbes’s account of the body and its corporeal processes, arguing that we can read multiple points at which Hobbes’s articulations open onto connections with contemporary thinking on affect and emotion; I illustrate this mode of interpretation these connections through a close reading of Hobbes’s account of the state of nature. As I read Hobbes, I theorize these resonances between affect theory and Hobbes, focusing on Hobbes’s conceptualization of philosophy, its methodology, and its objective, his rendering of the body, his elaboration of the embodied processes of motion, sensation, and thought, and his theory of the passions. As such, this paper is situated at a conjunction of scholarship on Hobbes and affect theory, and I argue that our engagement with Hobbes benefits from this sort of entanglement. I read across academic disciplines and theoretical traditions to demonstrate the way that emotion and affect are central to understanding politics as such and to engaging with a canonical thinker such as Hobbes, expressing the emotional stakes and intricacies of his theoretical concerns.This essay opens with a reading of Hobbes in relation to Spinoza vis-a-vis embodiment and affect, arguing that they share some philosophical commitments and objectives that connect them to contemporary affect theory and that this generates some affinities in their respective ethical projects. From there, I engage Hobbes’s materialist account of motion, sensation, and thought from the perspective of affect and emotion. I contend that not only does Hobbes’s philosophy of the body in motion resonate with affect theory at multiple points, but that they share the project of upsetting Cartesian dualism. The subsequent section directly takes up Hobbesian emotion, which I theorize in terms of Sara Ahmed’s work on emotion, particularly her concept of an affective economy. Finally, I provide an affective reading of Hobbes’s state of nature that uses the preceding sections to trace the material, affective processes – motions, sensations, thoughts, etc. – at work there; this section argues that the state of nature should itself be read as an affective economy. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the entire Hobbesian project proceeds from the body, and that this body ought to be read affectively.
Ionization of the Galactic Halo

The ionization of the Galactic halo is revealed by its Hα and X-ray emission and by UV absorption lines of highly ionized species (e.g. C IV, O VI). A fundamental problem for the understanding of the halo is the nature of the energy sources that ionize the warm gas and create the hot gas. Most of the energy sources in the Galaxy, e.g. hot stars and supernova remnants, are primarily confined to a relatively thin disk (∼several hundred pc) in contrast to the thick (∼ 1—several kpc) distribution of the gas. The problem with these disk sources is the transport of the energy from the disk to the halo. There is currently no model for an energy source local to the halo that is clearly capable of supplying the energy needed to maintain the observed ionization.
SOME PROPERTIES OF THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE AGENT OF MICE

The lactic dehydrogenase agent was obtained in quantities sufficient for purification studies by growing the virus in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. A rapid method of titration of the agent is described. Subsequent to the standard procedure of concentration of virus by treatment with hyaluronidase and centrifugation, lipids were removed by extraction with PE, without major loss of infectivity. Electron microscopic sections of purified preparations contained particles consisting of a dense inner ring of about 25 mmicro and a less dense ring extending to about 50 mmicro. The particles occur frequently in single-membraned vesicles of varying size, and occasionally in large double-membraned bodies. The purified LDH agent did not stimulate the formation of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and guinea pigs. The crude LDH agent was found to be a low interferon producer. Increased interferon, produced by secondary inoculation with Newcastle disease virus temporarily decreased the titer of the LDH agent. The results of others regarding the nature and the size of the LDH agent are interpreted in regard to the findings presented, and the role of interferon in permanently LDH agent infected mice is discussed.
Analysis of growth factor and receptor mRNA levels during development of the rat seminal vesicle and prostate

Development of the mammalian male accessory sexual organs requires both androgens and mesenchymal/epithelial interactions. Paracrine acting factors whose expression is mesenchymal and androgen dependent have been proposed to regulate development of these organs, although the identity of these paracrine mediators is unknown. Keratinocyte growth factor (Kgf) has been shown to play an important role in the development of the mouse seminal vesicle and rat ventral prostate. Also, Kgf is expressed in mesenchymal cells and has been shown to be regulated by androgens in prostatic cells grown in vitro. Thus Kgf has been proposed as a mediator of androgen action. We have investigated the expression of Kgf mRNA during development of the rat seminal vesicle and prostate, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally we have examined mRNAs for Kgf receptor (KgfR), transforming growth factor alpha (Tgf alpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19). The levels of growth factor and receptor mRNAs fluctuated during androgen-regulated development; however, these changes reflected variations in the mesenchymal/epithelial ratio rather than regulation by testosterone. Expression of Kgf is mesenchymal, while KgfR is epithelial and Tgf alpha is predominantly epithelial. The changes in the levels of mRNAs for these factors correlated well with changes in the level of an epithelial marker, CK19, suggesting they were due to alterations in the relative abundance of tissue compartments in which they were expressed. Kgf has been shown to mimic androgen action in explant cultures of seminal vesicle and prostate. We demonstrate here that anti-androgens are able to block Kgf stimulated development, suggesting that Kgf and androgen receptor signalling pathways may interact. Taken together our data suggest that, in vivo, Kgf may interact with androgen receptor signalling but it is not a direct target of androgen action.
Becoming Somaliland – By Mark Bradbury

This book presents a case in support of the northwestern Somali region's 1991 proclamation of independence from the Somali Republic. Its first two chapters trace the history and culture of the Soma...
Using parents as change agents for their children: a review

SUMMARY The results and procedures of investigators who have used parents as primary or auxiliary change agents for their children arc reviewed. Deviant child behaviors that have been successfully modified by parents are first described. Following this, methods of parent training are discussed. The third and final section of the paper deals with some critical methodological issues–data collection, reliability of measurement, demonstrations of behavioral control, follow-up, and cost-effectiveness factors–that require routine and more careful consideration before the efficacy of parent therapists can be adequately assessed. Several recommendations are provided by which to achieve more definitive analyses of this approach to child treatment. Suggestions for subsequent research are also briefly discussed.
fMRI measurement of brain dysfunction in alcohol-dependent young women.

Background: Studies of brain functioning in alcohol-dependent adults have produced varied results but generally suggest that alcohol affects brain functioning and that relatively short durations of heavy drinking may adversely affect women. It remains unclear when in the course of alcohol dependency and at which developmental stage these brain changes emerge. Our neuropsychological studies have indicated that drinking-related neurocognitive effects occur as early as adolescence (Brown et al., 2000; Tapert & Brown, 1999). This study seeks to characterize brain regions that subserve the affected neurocognitive functions. Methods: Alcohol-dependent young women (n= 10) were recruited from a longitudinal study of alcohol- and drug-abusing youth, all of whom met criteria for alcohol dependence. Control participants (n= 10) had no history of alcohol or drug problems and were comparable with alcohol-dependent participants on age (18–25 years), family history of alcohol use disorders, and education. After a minimum of 72 hr of abstinence, functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological, alcohol/drug involvement, and mood data were collected. Participants performed spatial working memory and vigilance tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition to probe brain response. Results: Alcohol-dependent women demonstrated significantly less blood oxygen level-dependent response than controls during the spatial working memory task in the right superior and inferior parietal, right middle frontal, right postcentral, and left superior frontal cortex, after controlling for the baseline vigilance response. Conclusions: Working memory produces a larger neuronal response in some cortical regions than vigilance. Alcohol-dependent women showed less differential response to working memory than controls in frontal and parietal regions, especially in the right hemisphere. Heavy, chronic drinking appears to produce adverse neural effects that are detectable by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
An M/G/1-type queuing model with service times depending on queue length

Abstract A study is made of an M/G/1-type queuing model in which customers receive one type of service until such time as, at the end of a service, the queue size is found to exceed a given value N , N ≥ 1. Then a second type of service is put into effect and remains in use until the queue size is reduced to a fixed value K , 0 ≤ K ≤ N . Equations are derived for the stationary probabilities both at departure times and at general times. An algorithm is developed that allows the rapid computation of the mean queue length and some important probabilities.
ESCA measurement of surface atom oxidation states on chemically modified Mo(100) surfaces

Abstract Quantitative surface atom oxidation states are measured in a conventional ESCA spectrometer. Spectra that solely reflect the chemical nature of the surface atoms are generated from a linear combination of spectra measured at two take-off angles. Proper selection of the multiplicative constants results in removal of bulk atom effects from the measured spectra. A simple method which is based on photoelectron attenuation lengths is used to calculate these coefficients. The surface Mo atom oxidation numbers for a series of chemically modified Mo(100) surfaces have been obtained by this procedure. Charge transfer effects resulting from the adsorption of electronegative surface modifiers (B, C, O and CO) are observed. At constant adatom coverage, the Mo oxidation number is linearly dependent on the adatom electronegativity. For a series of partially oxidized Mo(100) surfaces the extent of charge transfer to the metal atoms is not a simple function of the surface oxygen coverage. A model for the initial oxidation of Mo(100) is presented which is in agreement with previous structural and electronic state studies. At oxygen coverages below one monolayer, a chemisorbed oxygen phase exists which produces a constant Mo oxidation number of 1.3. At higher coverages, a rapid increase in the Mo surface atom charge indicates the formation of a surface oxide layer. The electron deficient Mo surface atoms are acidic sites for adsorption of gas phase Lewis bases. The relative strengths of the acidic sites correlate with the metal atom oxidation numbers. This result suggests that the observed adsorption selectivity and reactivity of these surfaces can be discussed in a traditional acid-base context.
Conversion of a GE 7FA From 60 Cycle to 50 Cycle Generation

This paper examines the conversion of a GE 7FA from generating 60 Cycle power to 50 Cycle power. The turbine is nominally rated for a 60-cycle ISO output of 175 MW. With the gas turbine boom of the late 1990s and then the cancellation of several GT based projects, a surplus of GTs has been created. Owners of these GTs have been reviewing alternative options for installation at another of their plants or resale of their GTs to another user. One potential solution is the conversion of a GT into a 50-cycle machine for installation in other markets around the world. If this type of conversion proves feasible, it also opens the door for the 60-cycle designed GTs to be marketed overseas to compete with original 50-cycle equipment. Three potential options for creating 50 Cycle power with a 7FA were identified: 1. Operate the Combustion Turbine Generator (CTG) at 3000 RPM to generate energy at 50 Hz. 2. Operate the CTG at 3600 RPM to generate energy at 60 Hz with the installation of an invertor, external to the CTG, to convert 60 Hz potential to 50 Hz. 3. Operate the turbine at 3600 RPM and the generator at 3000 RPM by installing a gearbox (speed reducer) between the turbine and the generator. These three options were researched and pricing was obtained on those that were considered feasible. The turbine OEM, GE, was also contacted to provide input on each of the scenarios. The results for each of the options are as follows.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Investigation of the initial fragmentation of oligodeoxynucleotides in a quadrupole ion trap: charge level-related base loss.

The charge state distribution and CID fragmentation of two series of deprotonated oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 9-mers (5=-GGTTXTTGG-3= and 5=-CCAAYAACC-3=, X/Y G, C, A, or T) have been studied in detail in an ion trap in an effort to understand the intrinsic properties of DNA in vacuo. The distribution of charge states ( 2t o6) is similar for both the X- and Y-series, with the most abundant being the 4 charge state. The T-rich X-series prefers higher charge states (6 and 5) than does the Y-series. Calculations show that phosphate groups located nearest a thymine are more acidic than those near an adenine, cytosine, or guanine, thus explaining why the X-series prefers higher charge states. We use the term “charge level” to define the ratio of the charge state to the total number of phosphate groups present in the ODN. We find, consistent with previous studies, that the initial step of fragmentation is loss of nucleobase either as an anion or as a neutral. We observe the former for ODNs with charge levels greater than 50% and the latter for ODNs with charge levels below 50%. The overall anionic base loss follows the trend A G T C; electrostatic potential calculations indicate that this trend follows delocalization of electron density for each anion, with A being the most stabilized through delocalization. For neutral base loss, thymine (TH) is rarely cleaved, while the preferences for AH, GH, and CH loss vary. Proton affinity (PA) calculations show that a nearby negatively charged phosphate enhances the PA of proximally located nucleobases; this PA enhancement probably plays a role in promoting neutral base loss. The trends differ by charge level. At a charge level of 37.5% (3 charge state), AH loss is preferred over CH and GH loss, regardless of sequence. However, at a charge level of 25% (2 charge state), the terminal bases are preferentially lost over the internal bases, regardless of identity. By reconstructing the ODN sequences from structurally informative (a-BH) and w ions, we are able to identify the charge locations for the 3 and 2 charge states. For the 3 charge state, one charge resides on each “most terminal” phosphate, with the third being in the middle. For the 2 charge state, each charge resides on the penultimate phosphate groups. We compare our data to earlier experiments in an effort to generalize trends. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2005, 16, 1853–1865) © 2005 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Crime and Small Businesses in the Midwest: An Examination of Overlooked Issues in the United States

Crimes within and against small businesses have attracted little attention in the United States, in spite of the frequency of such crimes and the importance of small businesses to the economy. This article summarises the national-level studies as well as the city- and neighbourhood-level research done to date in the United States. The article also reports on a study of 400 small businesses in six Midwestern states, the results of which show that:
The caudal septum angle of deflection: an objective analysis for caudal septum deviation

Abstract Objectives The purposes of the study were to describe an objective technique for the evaluation of caudal septum deviation (CSD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of an open septorhinoplasty technique for treatment of CSD. Study design A retrospective review of septorhinoplasty cases involving CSD was performed. For all patients, preoperative basal view photographs were analyzed. All patients underwent an external septorhinoplasty approach for treatment of their CSD. After a minimum of 4 months, postoperative basal view photographs were analyzed. Results Seventeen patients had significant CSD and airway obstruction. The mean change in their caudal septum angle of deflection was 22° ( P Conclusion We describe a method to objectively analyze CSDs in septorhinoplasty candidates. An external approach using nasal base reconstruction techniques results in an improvement of CSD and subsequent nasal airway patency.
Rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC cell lines through de-repression of FGFR2 and FGFR3 expression.

Despite initial and sometimes dramatic responses of specific NSCLC tumors to EGFR TKIs, nearly all will develop resistance and relapse. Gene expression analysis of NSCLC cell lines treated with the EGFR TKI, gefitinib, revealed increased levels of FGFR2 and FGFR3 mRNA. Analysis of gefitinib action on a larger panel of NSCLC cell lines verified that FGFR2 and FGFR3 expression is increased at the mRNA and protein level in NSCLC cell lines in which the EGFR is dominant for growth signaling, but not in cell lines where EGFR signaling is absent. A luciferase reporter containing 2.5 kilobases of fgfr2 5′ flanking sequence was activated after gefitinib treatment, indicating transcriptional regulation as a contributing mechanism controlling increased FGFR2 expression. Induction of FGFR2 and FGFR3 protein as well as fgfr2-luc activity was also observed with Erbitux, an EGFR-specific monoclonal antibody. Moreover, inhibitors of c-Src and MEK stimulated fgfr2-luc activity to a similar degree as gefitinib, suggesting that these pathways may mediate EGFR-dependent repression of FGFR2 and FGFR3. Importantly, our studies demonstrate that EGFR TKI-induced FGFR2 and FGFR3 are capable of mediating FGF2 and FGF7 stimulated ERK activation as well as FGF-stimulated transformed growth in the setting of EGFR TKIs. In conclusion, this study highlights EGFR TKI-induced FGFR2 and FGFR3 signaling as a novel and rapid mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and suggests that treatment of NSCLC patients with combinations of EGFR and FGFR specific TKIs may be a strategy to enhance efficacy of single EGFR inhibitors.
Immune and nervous system CXCL12 and CXCR4: parallel roles in patterning and plasticity

Abstract Recent data suggest that CXCL12 and CXCR4 have parallel effects in the immune and nervous systems; they regulate cellular movement, proliferation, plasticity and survival of neurons and lymphocytes. Parallel reliance on CXCL12 might support coordinated homeostatic interactions between the nervous and immune systems but might also constitute a unique vulnerability to inflammatory processes, such as HIV-1 infection, that target CXCR4.
Effect of intracoronary verapamil on infarct size in the ischemic, reperfused canine heart: Critical importance of the timing of treatment☆

Abstract In an effort to determine whether the beneficial effect of calcium blocking drugs occurs only during ischemia or during reperfusion as well, anesthetized dogs were subjected to 3 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. In protocol A, intracoronary verapamil (0.01 mg/kg/min) was begun 90 minutes after coronary occlusion and continued for 1 hour into the reperfusion phase (n = 6) while a control group received an infusion of saline solution (n = 6). In vivo area at risk determined by dye injection was 29 ± 3% of the left ventricle (± standard error of the mean) in the control group and 30 ± 3% in the verapamil group (difference not significant [NS]), whereas the area of necrosis determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining and expressed as a percent of area at risk was smaller in the verapamil group (29 ± 8%) than in the control group (57 ± 8%, p
SU-GG-T-340: A Comparison of Geant4 and DPM for 4D Monte Carlo of Lung IMRT

Purpose: Respiratory motion during IMRT for lungtumors presents a particular challenge. Geant4 is an attractive tool for investigating motion effects since it can accommodate time‐dependent geometries. Leaf positions and patient geometry may be updated during the course of the simulation and interplay effects directly studied. Here we investigate the applicability of Geant4 for patient dose calculations in the lung, comparing field‐by‐field results for an IMRT patient with results obtained using the code DPM. Method and Materials: Geant4, being a general purpose code, has many adjustable parameters available to the user and their default values may not be appropriate for patient dose calculations. Additionally, while it can import CT data and accurately model the complex patient geometry, it is not optimized for fast patient dose calculations. In particular, it does not efficiently handle voxel‐to‐voxel variations in material density. We modified the Geant4 (release 9.0) source code to optimize the handling of density variations in the voxelized patient to greatly speed up simulation time. Similar modifications had been made to an earlier release (release 5.0) for proton therapy but this is the first such optimization for IMRT. As part of our project on using Geant4 for 4D dose calculation in the lung we compared the results from Geant4 using different user parameters with the results obtained using DPM for a five‐field IMRT treatment plan for a lung patient. Results: The efficiency of Geant4, version 9.0, was greatly improved by modifying the voxel tracking algorithm. We found that DPM and Geant4 agreed to within a few percent after adjusting just two user parameters, the simulation stepsize limit and the secondary range cutoff (1 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively). Conclusion: Geant4 provides a natural platform for 4D studies and has been shown to be sufficiently accurate for patient dose calculations in lung.
Promoting Better Classroom Thinking

It is sometimes assumed that the promotion of classroom thinking is wholly the responsibility of the teacher. In this paper, it is contended that while the teacher has an important role in this regard, consideration must be given to the function of curriculum materials, as well as to the development of communal awareness among the students. A text that portrays students engaged in reasoning and whose deliberations follow the paradigm of the inquiry process can be an invaluable modelling instrument. It can also provide a protocol that shows students how young people in a community of inquiry might behave. The experience cited here has to do with elementary school philosophy interventions. It is argued that such interventions, when properly guided, can impressively stimulate the growth of critical and creative thinking.
Multiple Perspectives: Overcoming the Weaknesses of MS/OR

The paradigms of science deal with well-structured systems successfully. However, they are quite inadequate for complex sociotechnical systems. The multiple perspective concept, originally suggested by Allison, effectively bridges the gap between analysis and the real world of ill-structured systems. Three types of perspective are used: technical/analytical; organizational/societal; and personal/individual. Each provides important insights not obtainable with the others.
Active and passive nanophotonics for information systems applications

This paper explores the role of nanotechnology with focus on nanophotonics in dielectric, metal, and semiconductor inhomogeneous metamaterials and devices for optical communications, information and signal processing, and sensing.
Bot Fly Larvae (Cephenemyia jellisoni) as a Cause of Neurologic Signs in an Elk

In June 1993, a yearling female elk (Cervus elaphus) near John Day, Oregon (USA) was observed twice over a four week period with signs of neurologic disease including weakness, walking in circles with an uncoordinated gait and disorientation. The elk was shot, and the head and neck were examined grossly for parasites and lesions. Thirty-five second and third instar larvae of Cephenemyia jellisoni were recovered from an encapsulated space in the nasopharyngeal area dorsal to the soft palate. Larvae protruded into the caudodorsal end of the ventral nasal meatus, obliterating the opening of the left eustachian tube. Larvae were not recovered from their normal location in the retropharyngeal recesses. Thus the effects of several Cephenemyia jellisoni larvae in an aberrant location mimicked signs observed in meningeal worm infections.
Lasers and dental soft tissues: reflections on our years of research

Abstract Various lasers used for oral soft tissue procedures have specific parameters for a wide range of operations. Laser tissue interaction is a photothermal effect. The biologic effect depends on operating parameters, for example, emission wavelength, power, emission mode, pulse duration, energy/pulse, energy density, exposure duration, total energy and tissue characteristics. Our review covers current knowledge of laser parameters, laser–tissue interaction and safety and effectiveness scientific support.
Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis X: Determination of Chlorzoxazone and Hydroxy Metabolite in Plasma

A method for the high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of chlorzoxazone and its hydroxy metabolite in human plasma samples is presented. The separation of the compounds is achieved on an octadecylsilane column with a mobile phase of absolute methanol-distilled water (40:60) at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min (3100 psig). The chromatographic separation is achieved within 10 min. The overall analysis time is about 45 min, which includes extraction of the drug and metabolite from plasma followed by high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation and quantification. The accuracy of the procedure is in the 1-5% range.
In Situ Characterization of the Human Hyalocyte

Objective: To provide more definitive evidence regarding the cellular origin of hyalocytes and to establish a basis for their identification in tissue specimens. Methods: Hyalocytes were examined in situ in human eyes from 10 donors (aged 1 to 63 years) with use of a panel of antibodies and lectins directed against determinants associated with leukocytic and nonleukocytic cells. Results: Hyalocytes express the leukocyte-associated antigens CD45, CD11a, and CD64, an antigen expressed constitutively only by monocytes and macrophages. However, they do not react with antibodies against CD68, an antigen that is expressed by virtually all tissue macrophages, or CD 1 lb and CD 14, antigens that are variably expressed by the monocyte/macrophage lineage. They also react with antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and S100, both of which are expressed by a variety of cell types. The lectinsDolichos biflorus, Sambucus nigra, Griffonia simplicifolia, Limax flavus, andRicinus communis Ibind hyalocyte-associated glycoconjugates; no binding was observed withArachis hypogaeaorGlycine max. Conclusions: These results provide strong evidence that hyalocytes belong to the monocyte/macrophage lineage but differ significantly from other tissue macrophages in that they express S100 protein and do not express CD68. This information should provide a basis for the identification of hyalocytes in tissue specimens and an improved understanding of vitreoretinal pathologic features.
Programming needs and student services for African American women

An overview and context of holistic practices for serving African American women is presented. The needs, expectations, and aspirations of this population are addressed. Examples of and recommendations for programs and services are provided.
Calcium distribution in freeze-dried enamel organ tissue during normal and altered enamel mineralization.

Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was applied to freeze-dried blocks of enamel organ tissue to determine levels of calcium in various celular regions. The tissue blocks were dissected free from adjacent forming enamel following injection of cobalt or fluoride ions, both of which temporarily inhibit enamel mineralization. In all control and experimental specimens there was an increasing gradient of calcium from the stratum intermedium cells to the distal ends of the ameloblasts. Calcium levels were significantly reduced near the distal ends of the ameloblasts following cobalt or fluoride injection as compared with controls. It is suggested that evidence of an intercellular buildup of calcium near the distal ends of the ameloblast supports a controlling function of these cells. The changes in calcium levels are correlated with alterations in mineralization known to occur in the adjacent enamel of the model systems employed.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angioedema

*Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan/St. Joseph Mercy Emergency Medicine Residency, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and †Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Reprint Address:Michaelina R. Bolton, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Room B1380, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5305
Effect of vibrations on the segregation of NcCl during freezing of NaCl-aqueous solutions

Abstract During the freezing of ice from an NaCl-aqueous solution, an oscillating motion of the ice phase results in an enhanced segregation of NcCl. Over the range of amplitudes (0.25-1 cm) and frequencies (16–37 cps) used in this study, the segregation coefficient is affected little when the amplitude is varied keeping the frequency constant, but increases considerably with an increase of frequency with a constant amplitude.
Chlorphentermine inhibits oxidative energy metabolism in rat lung slices.

Abstract In an attempt to assess possible functional consequences of chlorphentermine (CP) to pulmonary tissue, we investigated the effects of this drug on energy metabolism in slices and isolated mitochondria of control rat lungs. Oxygen consumption in 0.5-mm thick slices was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by 0.5 to 2.0 m m CP (max. depression = 91%). In isolated mitochondria, the respiratory control ratio (RCR) was decreased by 1.0 to 5.0 m m CP. In addition, the ADP-mediated respiratory burst (State III) and the subsequent recovery (State IV) were decreased at 2.5 and 5.0 m m CP. When mitochondria were isolated from lung slices preincubated with CP, RCR was again decreased by 1.0 to 5.0 m m CP. At 2.5 m m CP, oxidative phosphorylation was uncoupled. In addition, aerobic glucose metabolism in lung slices was impaired by CP concentrations above 2.0 m m . The metabolism of [6- 14 C]- and [1- 14 C]glucose was inhibited 95 and 70%, respectively, suggesting a preferential inhibition of glycolysis in comparison to the hexose monophosphate shunt. These data show that CP inhibits oxidative functions in lung preparations and suggest that CP has the potential for disrupting energy metabolism in the intact organ.
White-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys): foraging preferences in a risky environment

White-crowned sparrows were presented with a series of two-choice experiments. Mean rewards were the same in each experiment, but the standard deviations differed. When fed at a rate faster than that minimally required to meet daily costs, the birds most often preferred the reward with the lower standard deviation. However, when the same birds could expect an energy deficiency, they most often preferred the greater standard deviation. For each sparrow and each mean reward level, I attempted to construct a preference ranking based on experimental pairwise comparisons of all elements of a set of reward probability distributions. The birds usually mostpreferred the minimal or maximal standard deviation, depending on whether they avoided or favored reward variability. However, in a few cases either an intermediate standard deviation was most-preferred, or a bird exhibited inconsistency in its preferences.
Balance in trees

We show that the set of vertices in a tree T of smallest weight balance is the (branch weight) centroid. We characterize the set of edges in T with smallest weight-edge difference in terms of the vertices of smallest weight balance. A similar characterization is obtained for the set of edges in T with smallest distance-edge difference in terms of the vertices of smallest distance balance. This yields a new proof that the set of vertices in T of smallest distance balance consists of a single vertex or two adjacent vertices (possibly disjoint from the center and the branch weight centroid).
‘This is an adventure’: The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou and the spectacle of nature documentary

Director Wes Anderson's film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) appropriates the life and work of ocean explorer and documentary filmmaker Jacques-Yves Cousteau to fashion the story of an adventure filmmaker adrift in his life and art. In drawing on a real, external referent in Cousteau's documentary legacy, Anderson's reflexivity reaches out of its normally hermetic shell to dramatize – and problematize – the production and reception of the nature documentary. The Life Aquatic's fiction can productively be read as a literal and metaphorical exploration of issues related to documentary as co-constituted by viewer consciousness, and as a commentary on our own expectations and desires in looking at animals through nature documentary.
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Investigation of Surface Morphology in the Growth of GaAs(001)

The surface morphology of MBE - grown GaAs(001) has been investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and reflection high - energy electron diffraction (RHEED). STM shows that the missing - dimer - row structure of the (2 × 4) /c(2 × 8) reconstruction consists of rows of clusters of two As dimers separated by rows of two missing dimers, in agreement with previous reports. Layers grown on nominally flat substrates display a multi - level system of terraces elongated along [110] suggesting that growth occurs primarily by sticking at B - type steps. For films grown under certain growth conditions, B - type steps on vicinal substrates exhibit a dendritic step morphology, which may be an example of a step flow growth instability consistent with limited Ga diffusion over steps.
Overview of the common electrical interface (CEI) specification for next generation 25 Gb/s serial interfaces

OIF recently published the CEI 3.0 Implementation Agreement which includes new clauses for 25-28 Gbaud/s serial electrical interfaces. This paper presents an overview and historical context for this document.
Correlations in Cosmic Density Fields

A method is proposed to place constraints on the functional form of the high-order correlation functions zeta(sub n) that arise in cosmic density fields at large scales. This technique is based on a mass-in-cell statistic and a difference of mass in partitions of a cell. The relationship between these measures is sensitive to the formal structure of the zeta(sub n) as well as their amplitudes. This relationship is quantified in several theoretical models of structure, based on the hierarchical clustering paradigm. The results lead to a test for specific types of hierarchical clustering that is sensitive to correlations of all orders. The method is applied to examples of simulated large-scaled structure dominated by cold dark matter. In the preliminary study, the hierarchical paradigm appears to be a realistic approximation over a broad range of the scales. Furthermore, there is evidence that graphs of low-order vertices are dominant. On the basis of simulated data a phenomological model is specified that gives a good representation of clustering from linear scales to the strongly clustered regime (zeta(sub 2) approximately 500).
Efficient sample sizes in stochastic nonlinear programming

We consider a class of stochastic nonlinear programs for which an approximation to a locally optimal solution is specified in terms of a fractional reduction of the initial cost error. We show that such an approximate solution can be found by approximately solving a sequence of sample average approximations. The key issue in this approach is the determination of the required sequence of sample average approximations as well as the number of iterations to be carried out on each sample average approximation in this sequence. We show that one can express this requirement as an idealized optimization problem whose cost function is the computing work required to obtain the required error reduction. The specification of this idealized optimization problem requires the exact knowledge of a few problems and algorithm parameters. Since the exact values of these parameters are not known, we use estimates, which can be updated as the computation progresses. We illustrate our approach using two numerical examples from structural engineering design.
Multivariate Markov polynomial inequalities and Chebyshev nodes

This article considers the extension of V.A. Markov's theorem for polynomial derivatives to polynomials with unit bound on the closed unit ball of any real normed linear space. We show that this extension is equivalent to an inequality for certain directional derivatives of polynomials in two variables that have unit bound on the Chebyshev nodes. We obtain a sharpening of the Markov inequality for polynomials whose values at specific points have absolute value less than one. We also obtain an interpolation formula for polynomials in two variables where the interpolation points are Chebyshev nodes.
Stability of polyvinyl chloride latex and of silica sols in the presence of copper (II) sulfate

The stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) latex and of Ludox HS-40 silica dispersions in the presence of copper(II) sulfate in varying concentrations has been studied over a broad pH range. The results are presented graphically in the form of the stability domains. The initial precipitation boundary for copper hydrous oxides was found to be affected by the presence of either PVC or silica particles but in each case the direction of the shift was different; for the PVC the boundary was moved to a some-what lower pH region whereas silica caused a shift toward higher pH. Entrapment in the copper hydrous oxide precipitate was found to be a major factor in the removal of PVC particles from suspension but this was not the case for the silica sols.
Joseph Schumpeter and Wolfgang Stolper

This article recounts the relationship of Wolfgang Stolper with Joseph A. Schumpeter, especially during Stolper's time as a student at the University of Bonn and Harvard University. The two derived their close relationship from the affinity between Schumpeter and Stolper's father, Gustaf Stolper.
Deformation on Nearby Faults Induced by the 1999 Hector Mine Earthquake

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations of surface deformation due to the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake reveal motion on several nearby faults of the eastern California shear zone. We document both vertical and horizontal displacements of several millimeters to several centimeters across kilometer-wide zones centered on pre-existing faults. Portions of some faults experienced retrograde (that is, opposite to their long-term geologic slip) motion during or shortly after the earthquake. The observed deformation likely represents elastic response of compliant fault zones to the permanent co-seismic stress changes. The induced fault displacements imply decreases in the effective shear modulus within the kilometer-wide fault zones, indicating that the latter are mechanically distinct from the ambient crustal rocks.
THE ALLOCATION OF SILK IN THE COMPACT AND BAGGY COCOONS OF HYALOPHORA CECROPIA

RESUME La repartition de la sote dans les cocons compacts et laches d'Hyalophora cecropia Les chenilles de Hyalophora cecropia filent un cocon complique generalement attache a une plante ligneuse. Ce cocon comprend trois couches de soie: une enveloppe exterieure coriace, une enveloppe interne a paroi epaisse et une couche intermediaire pelucheuse. Il y a deux formes de cocons: la forme compacte courante et plus rarement une forme lâche nettement differente. L'examen de ces deux formes revele les differences suivantes: le poids moyen des cocons lâches est superieur a celui des cocons compacts, les enveloppes exterieures des cocons lâches sont plus fines que Celles des cocons compacts et ont une surface deux fois plus importante. une proportion significativement plus faible de soie est utilisee dans l'enveloppe externe du cocon lâche que dans celle du cocon compact, une proportion significativement plus importante de soie est utilisee dans la couche intermediaire du cocon lâche que dans celle du cocon compact. Les cocons lâches sont plus lourds, probablement, non parce qu'ils ont ete files par des chenilles plus lourdes, mais parce que ces chenilles synthetisent et secretent plus de soie que celles qui filent des cocons compacts. Les proportions de soie utilisees pour l'enveloppe interieure ou pour l'ensemble enveloppe exterieure couche intermediaire ne different pas pour les deux types de cocons. Ceci suggere que les chenilles sont programmees pour filer une enveloppe interne stereotypee, qu'elles traitent l'enveloppe externe et la couche intermediaire comme une unite et que le comportement qui produit les deux couches les plus externes est plus souple que le comportement qui produit l'enveloppe interne
Children's understanding of sentences with contingent relations: Why are temporal and conditional connectives so difficult?

Abstract Children aged 5-, 7-, and 9 were tested on two different tasks to assess their understanding of sentences containing the connectives “when,” “as soon as,” “before,” “after,” “if,” “if-not,” “unless,” and “unless-not.” The results revealed significant improvement between the ages of 5 and 7. This improvement was attributed, in part, to an increased ability to retain information expressed in subordinate clauses. At all age levels, however, the connectives “unless” and “unless-not” were consistently misinterpreted; “unless” was treated as its polar opposite “if,” and “unless-not” was treated as its polar opposite “if-not.”
Treatment of breast carcinoma recurrent after adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

Between July 1975 and June 1979, 194 patients with State II or III breast carcinoma were randomized to receive either L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and prednisolone (CFP), or CFP and BCG. Sixty-one patients have recurred despite the adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy trial. Fifty-three are evaluable for survival and 36 for response to chemo-hormonal therapy. Those treated with a chemo-hormonal regimen for their first recurrence exhibited a 53% objective response rate to cytotoxic therapy or a 35% response to hormonal therapy. Prior exposure to L-PAM, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil did not preclude response to ‘salvage’ therapy regimens containing those agents. Neither menopausal status, estrogen receptor content, size of the primary tumor, adjuvant treatment, nor extent of the recurrence had any effect on subsequent survival. Overall, the entire group exhibitied median survival of 37 months from initial diagnosis and 13 months from recurrence. Unlike recurrent Hodgkin's disease, there was no demonstrable relationship between the length of the disease-free interval and the likelihood of subsequent response to cytotoxic or hormonal treatment. Comparison is made to the results of ‘salvage’ therapy administered after three other large adjuvant treatment series.
Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to self-assembled monolayers: effect of surface chemistry and fibrinogen presence

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus adhesion on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by the adsorption of alkanethiols on transparent gold films has been studied in real time under well-defined flow conditions using a radial flow chamber and an automated videomicroscopy system. SAMs terminated with methyl, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and tri(ethylene oxide) groups were investigated. SAMs were characterized using contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adhesion experiments using the Newman strain of S. aureus were performed on bare monolayers and monolayers pre-incubated with fibrinogen. Adhesion was found to be lowest on the ethylene oxide-bearing surfaces, followed by the hydroxyl surfaces. Adhesion on the carboxylic- and methyl-terminated SAMs was much higher. Bacterial adhesion was higher on the hydrophobic surfaces. Pre-incubation of surfaces with fibrinogen minimized the effect of the surface properties of the substrate. Adhesion was increased on all surfaces when fibrinogen was present and no significant differences were observed between adhesion to the different SAMs. This study showed that surfaces rich in ethylene oxide groups can be effectively used to prevent bacterial adhesion. However, under physiological conditions, most of the substrate properties are masked by the presence of the adsorbed protein layer and the effect of substrate properties on bacteria adhesion under flow is minimal.
Career and Calling: Finding a Place for the Spirit in Work and Community

The role that colleges play in character development, career exploration, and commitment to service after college are explored.