cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design grid optimization for OPC of silicon photonics (Conference Presentation)

The layout design for silicon photonics can be complicated and usually have edges with arbitrary angles. The critical dimension can be less than 100 nm, requiring the layouts to be OPCed in order to have large enough process windows for high volume manufacturing. However, the well-established CMOS-orientated IC industry OPC tools for advanced nodes can only handle Manhattan designs in which the Manhattan style polygons with edges of 0°, 90° or 45° to the reference direction. Silicon photonics layouts need to be discretized in order to use the existing OPC tools. From optical performance point of view, the design grid is expected to be as small as possible and it is usually from 1 nm to 5 nm. However, the design grid has never been optimized based on the OPC performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the impacts of design grid on the OPC performance. Design grid for silicon photonics is not always the smaller the better anymore. Our study shows that small 2D designs require large design grids while smooth curves with large radius require small design grids. We proposed a novel design-based discretization algorithm to convert a non-Manhattan style layout to an OPC-friendly Manhattan style layout. Simulation results show that the pattern fidelity is optimized for both small 2D patterns and smooth curves.
Changes in Living Arrangement and Familial Support for the Elderly in Taiwan: 1963-1991

Data from two cross sectional household surveys conducted in 1963 and 1991 in the city of Taipei arc used to study the effect of industrialization, urbanization and economic growth on intergencrati...
Classification accuracies of malaria infected cells using deep convolutional neural networks based on decompressed images

In many biomedical applications, images are stored and transmitted in the form of compressed images. However, typical pattern classifiers are trained using original images. There has been little prior study on how lossily decompressed images would impact the classification performance. In a case study of automatic classification of malaria infected cells, we used decompressed cell images as the inputs to deep convolutional neural networks. We evaluated how various lossy image compression methods and varying compression ratios would impact the classification accuracies. Specifically, we compared four compression methods: lossy compression via bitplane reduction, JPEG and JPEG 2000, and sparse autoencoders. Decompressed images were fed into LeNet-5 for training and testing. Simulation results showed that for similar compression ratios, the bitplane reduction method had the lowest classification accuracy, while JPEG and JPEG 2000 methods could maintain good accuracies. In particular, JPEG 2000 decompressed images could achieve about 95% accuracy even after 30 to 1 compression. We also provide classification results based on the widely used MNIST dataset, where handwritten digits were found to be much easier to classify using decompressed images, with about 90% accuracy still achievable using only one single bitplane. As a lossy compression method, Autoencoder was also applied to the MNIST dataset, achieving about 85% accuracy with a compression ratio much higher than the other three lossy image compression methods. Autoencoders were also found to provide more scalable compression ratios, while capable of maintaining good classification accuracies.
The tracker component library: free routines for rapid prototyping

The area of target tracking is a mature field with a great many algorithms having been developed over the years. Although this means that algorithms exist to suit a large number of specializations, such as radar, sonar, and image tracking, this also means that it can be difficult to determine which algorithm is the best. Additionally, the literature does not, for the most part, present complete algorithms for target tracking, but rather components of tracking algorithms. For example, measurements might be processed in various filters, which might themselves be incorporated into a framework for handling multiple dynamic models, which might be incorporated into a procedure for handling target measurement assignments, which could be part of a general track initiation and termination procedure, and all of which would tie into scheduling algorithms that select waveforms and dwell times for a radar. On top of that, various physical models are needed for handling atmospheric refraction and other effects. Consequently, the Tracking Component Framework described here has been created as a first step to simplifying the rapid design and evaluation of target-tracking algorithms.
Formation and Flow of Lymph and Lymphatic Permeability

Abstract Lymph, composed of the remains of transcapillary exchanges, drains into terminal elements of the lymphatic system and flows toward their confluence with the great veins primarily through the combined action of vigorous contraction of the vessel walls and the ubiquitus centrally directed valves within the system. External forces acting upon the lymphatic vessels play only a minor roll in normal lymph movement. In the subcutaneous lymphatics here observed in the wing membranes of several species of bats, the terminal elements are composed of large sacculated structures that may form extended interdigitating chains. The sacks wall contract rhythmically when conditions of lymph formation exist. Infusion of various materials from water soluable dyes to formed elements both into the interstitial spaces and into various components of the lymphatic vessels show that only the bulbous lymphatic capillaries are permeable to these materials and that the collecting ducts and the transport channels do not exchange these materials across their walls.
Prognosis of aubclinical thyrotoxicosis

Source Citation Tenerz A, Forberg R, Jansson R. Is a more active attitude warranted in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis? J Intern Med. 1990;228:229-33.
Importance of Counselling ICD Patients: The Role of Cardiac Physiologists

Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators (ICDs) have proven mortality benefits in those at risk of cardiac arrest due to Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). ICDs present challenges not only in the technical management of the device but also on the psychosocial impact it has on a patient. ICD counselling prior to implantation and in some instances during follow up, can allow a patient to address the concerns they may have and attempt to minimise any possible negative psychosocial impact. ICD counselling should be provided by appropriately experienced healthcare professionals, in some UK centres this service is provided by cardiac physiologists and specialist arrhythmia nurses. The chapter specifically focuses on the role of a cardiac physiologist which is reflective of practise within our centre (St Georges’ Hospital, London, UK). ICD counselling prior to implantation is a way of protecting a patients’ autonomy and allows informed consent by empowering the patient with appropriate detail as well as giving them the opportunity to discuss the positive and negative aspects of the device. ICD counselling presents many different patient related challenges. This chapter aim is to explore these and offer advice on how to overcome them based on experiences within our centre.
Assessing degree of mechanical anisotropy using the ratio of ARFI-induced peak displacements at small rotation angles

In transversely isotropic (TI) materials, mechanical properties differ along versus across the axis of symmetry (AoS). The degree of these directional differences has been interrogated by ultrasound-based measures of shear wave velocity (SWV) and ARFI peak displacements (PD) acquired along versus across the AoS. When performed using a conventional linear array transducer, such measurements require a 90o transducer rotation, which can be cumbersome and prone to misalignment errors. Rather than 90o, we hypothesize that smaller rotation angles can be used to assess mechanical anisotropy. This hypothesis was tested in silico using finite-element method (FEM) models and Field II. ARFI and Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) were simulated in five TI elastic materials with longitudinal versus transverse shear elastic modulus ratios (SRs) of 1.22 to 5.44. The simulated rotation angles were 15o, 30o, and 90o. The ratio of PD was measured with the long-axis of the ARF PSF aligned along the AoS versus long-axis rotated by 90o, 30o, or 15o from the AoS. The ratio of SWV was measured along the AoS versus 90o, 30o, or 15o rotation from the AoS. For a 90o rotation angle, both SWV and PD ratios were statistically different (2-sample t-test, p<0.05) in all 10 pairings of the simulated materials. For the 30o rotation angle, PD ratios were statistically different for all 10 material pairings, but SWV ratios were not statistically different for two material pairings. For the 15o rotation angle, PD ratio statistically differentiated all but one material pairing, while SWV ratio did not differentiate six material pairings. These results suggest that rotation angles smaller than 90o support assessment of elastic anisotropy in TI materials, and that ARFI PD ratios perform better than SWV ratios for distinguishing TI materials with different SRs given smaller angles of rotation.
Approche hybride pour le résumé automatique de textes. Application à la langue arabe.

Cette these s'integre dans le cadre du traitement automatique du langage naturel. La problematique du resume automatique de documents arabes qui a ete abordee, dans cette these, s'est cristallisee autour de deux points. Le premier point concerne les criteres utilises pour decider du contenu essentiel a extraire. Le deuxieme point se focalise sur les moyens qui permettent d'exprimer le contenu essentiel extrait sous la forme d'un texte ciblant les besoins potentiels d'un utilisateur. Afin de montrer la faisabilite de notre approche, nous avons developpe le systeme "L.A.E", base sur une approche hybride qui combine une analyse symbolique avec un traitement numerique. Les resultats d'evaluation de ce systeme sont encourageants et prouvent la performance de l'approche hybride proposee. Ces resultats, ont montre, en premier lieu, l'applicabilite de l'approche dans le contexte de documents sans restriction quant a leur theme (Education, Sport, Science, Politique, Reportage, etc.), leur contenu et leur volume. Ils ont aussi montre l'importance de l'apprentissage dans la phase de classement et selection des phrases forment l'extrait final.
A novel protocol for the combined detection of organic, inorganic gunshot residue

Abstract This paper investigates three color tests, for a novel gunshot residue (GSR) detection protocol, which produces a color reaction to the organic gunshot residue (OGSR) components while preserving the inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR) for SEM-EDX analysis. The presence of both I/OGSR residues could potentially identify suspects in criminal investigations. Currently, two sampling devices are used to collect GSR: an aluminum stub with carbon adhesives to collect the IGSR particulates, and wipes to collect and test for OGSR. Field GSR detection tests are classified as presumptive, as the results are determined visually by color production. These tests are non-specific and are prone to false positives from environmental contaminants. Whereas, the main confirmatory GSR test is conducted via SEM-EDX which identifies morphology and lead-barium-antimony elemental composition generated from traditional primers. Sequential collection of I/OGSR residue can split the already miniscule sample, impacting downstream analytical techniques. An ideal presumptive OGSR color test would have increased specificity, would not interfere with the SEM-EDX analysis of IGSR, and allow for the analysis of the entire GSR sample on a single adhesive stub. The three organic color spot tests evaluated as candidates for this novel GSR detection protocol were nitrous acid, 4-nitrosophenol, and sodium borohydride. Each test was used to interrogate neat standards and mixtures in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each test, in addition to their application to real-world samples. As a result, the sodium borohydride test appeared to be the most specific and sensitive without hindering subsequent SEM-EDX analysis.
COS2025: a strategy to extend the lifetime of the FUV detector on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph

The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) has been collecting data since soon after its installation on the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2009. The two-segment microchannel plate-based detector for the FUV channel is subject to gain sag, and eventually a permanent loss of efficiency at the locations where the largest number of counts have fallen. The initial strategy for the use of the detector was to maximize the scientific productivity of the instrument over the five-year design lifetime. This has been accomplished by periodically adjusting the high voltage and moving the spectra to a different location on the detector in order to spread the damage on the detector and thus minimize gain sag. The instrument is now well past this point and performing well, so in late 2016 we began to investigate ways to extend the life of the detector for as long as possible without seriously affecting the scientific performance. As a result of these studies, we adopted a new lifetime extension strategy when the spectra were moved to Lifetime Position 4 (LP4) in October 2017, and placed restrictions on the G130M observing modes that put Lyman-α airglow lines on the detector. Central wavelengths 1300, 1309, 1318, and 1327 are no longer permitted to illuminate Segment B of the detector, and G130M/1291 is permitted on that segment only for FP-POS values 3 and 4 in order to concentrate the damage to the detector. These changes limit the damage from gain sag “holes” due to airglow to only two locations on the detector, rather than the twenty at the previous LPs. In addition, we modified our previous approach of increasing the high voltage or changing LPs before any hole experienced a sensitivity loss of 5%, and will permit the two G130M/1291 holes to become permanently sagged, thus creating a new detector gap. Science programs that require wavelength coverage near the rest-frame Lyman-α region (1216 A) can be executed at LP3. Observations with other gratings remain unaffected, but the wavelength coverage on Segment B for a single exposure will now include gaps due to the gain sag holes from the G130M/1291 observations. Models of gain loss as a function of exposure suggest that by adopting this strategy and giving up these small regions of the detector, we will be able to use LP4 productively for six or more years, as opposed to the ~2.5 years that was available at previous positions.
Interpretive versus noninterpretive content in top-selling radiology textbooks: what are we teaching medical students?

Rationale and Objectives: There are little data as to whether appropriate, cost effective, and safe ordering of imaging examinations are adequately taught in US medical school curricula. We sought to determine the proportion of noninterpretive content (such as appropriate ordering) versus interpretive content (such as reading a chest x-ray) in the top-selling medical student radiology textbooks. Materials and Methods: Weperformedanonlinesearchto identifya rankedlistofthesix top-selling generalradiology textbooksfor medical students. Each textbook was reviewed including content in the text, tables, images, figures, appendices, practice questions, question explanations, and glossaries. Individual pages of text and individual images were semiquantitatively scored on a six-level scale as to the percentage of material that was interpretive versus noninterpretive. The predominant imaging modality addressed in each was also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: All six books had more interpretive content. On average, 1.4 pages of text focused on interpretation for every one page focused on noninterpretive content. Seventeen images/figures were dedicated to interpretive skills for every one focused on noninterpretive skills. In all books, the largest proportion of text and image content was dedicated to plain films (51.2%), with computed tomography (CT) a distant second (16%). The content on radiographs (3.1:1) and CT (1.6:1) was more interpretive than not. Conclusions: The current six top-selling medical student radiology textbooks contain a preponderance of material teaching image interpretation compared to material teaching noninterpretive skills, such as appropriate imaging examination selection, rational utilization, and patient safety.
Urinary Retention After Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Postoperative urinary retention can be a serious complication after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. With an incidence ranging from 0.2% to 30%, it is a multifaceted problem and may occur as a result of physiologic changes associated with age, gender, pathologic conditions, and alterations of the micturition process via excessive intravenous fluid administration, general anesthesia, and medications to control pain postoperatively. Although the diagnosis of retention can be challenging, identification of retention and treatment with in-out catheterization within 2 h after surgery prevents most long-term problems associated with this condition. Surgeons performing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair should remain vigilant in considering its diagnosis and remain familiar with the evidence supporting its treatment.
Heavy Traffic Methods in Wireless Systems: Towards Modeling Heavy Tails and Long Range Dependence

Heavy traffic models for wireless queueing systems under short range dependence and light tail assumptions on the data traffic have been studied recently. We outline one such model considered by Buche and Kushner [7]. At the same time, similarly to what happened for wireline networks, the emergence of high capacity applications (multimedia, gaming) and inherent mechanisms (multi-access interference) of wireless networks have led to the growing evidence of long range dependence and heavy tail characteristics in data traffic. Extending heavy traffic methods under these assumptions presents significant challenges. We discuss an approach for extending the methods in [7] under a heavy tail assumption only. The corresponding heavy traffic model is based on (non-Gaussian) stable Levy motion, not Brownian motion which is associated with a light tail assumption. When long range dependence is also present, a promising alternative approach and model based on a Poisson measure representation, motivated from Kurtz [17], are described. The corresponding heavy traffic model is now driven by fractional Brownian motion. As stochastic control analysis for stable Levy motion or fractional Brownian motion is currently undeveloped, the queue limit models characterizing the wireless system can be studied only under given controls, such as stabilizing controls or else heuristic policies.
Should Hume Be Answered or Bypassed

Marjorie Grene is among the most vigorous contemporary exponents of what she has called “the philosophical reform central to the thought of Bergson, Whitehead, Collingwood, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. That is the reform which would make time the central category of metaphysics.”1
BLR models and the L-M relation for AGNs

This paper discusses the L-M relation for AGNs, in view of the currently available data and the present understanding of the theory of active galactic nuclei. I review all data sets that are, in my opinion, reliable enough to deduce a cross correlation size for the BLR (only 5 objects) and discuss some important information about the gas distribution that can be extracted from them. An apparent contradiction between different observations of NGC 5548, and the transfer function for the NGC 4151 Hs line, are the best evidences for the existence of a thick geometry in those objects. The complications due to the non-linear response of several emission lines are also discussed, and a preliminary L-M relation is suggested.
Gender Integration in Sex-Segregated U.S. Prisons: The Paradox of Transgender Correctional Policy

In the latter part of the twentieth century, the development of correctional policies in the United States related to transgender prisoners has rendered visible transgender prisoners, disrupted the taken-for-granted policies and practices related to the operation of sex-segregated prisons, and presented considerable challenges to those charged with running penal institutions. The courts and correctional administrators in particular have grappled with how best to adjudicate tensions born of the visible presence of transgender prisoners in prisons charged with housing men (and only men). We draw on multiple sources of data, including correctional policies, published surveys, court opinions, activist testimony, news documents, and legal discourse, to analyze the parameters of extant transgender correctional policy in the U.S. Our examination reveals that transgender correctional policy is: shaped by “safety and security” concerns, arguably the central institutional logic underlying the management of prisons; unsettled insofar as there is both convergence and divergence in the content of policy related to transgender inmates (e.g., there is almost complete agreement on the enforcement of anatomy-based housing policies and there is considerable disagreement over policies related to hormonal treatment); and attentive to the control of place for transgender prisoners, although not comparable control of “presentation and demeanor” for transgender prisoners. A collateral consequence of these features of correctional policy is that prisons for men in the U.S. are at once sex-segregated and multi-gendered.
New aspects of iron-copper crosstalk uncovered by transcriptomic characterization of Col-0 and the copper uptake mutant spl7 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrients for energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Some Cu-containing proteins can be substituted with Fe-containing proteins, and vice versa, while several Arabidopsis genes are regulated by both metals. Few details of how plants coordinate Fe–Cu crosstalk are known. Gene expression was measured in the roots and rosettes of Fe, Cu, and simultaneously Fe and Cu deficient WT plants and a mutant of the Cu-uptake transcription factor SPL7. The spl7 mutant accumulated excess Fe under normal conditions, and lower Fe supply rescued the growth phenotype and normalized the Fe : Cu ratios. Most Fe regulated genes were expressed similarly in the WT and spl7 mutant, although at higher fold-change levels in spl7 mutants. Expression patterns indicated that both SPL7 and the FIT Fe uptake transcription factor influenced the expression of many key Fe uptake genes. Most notably, the newly discovered IMA/FEP genes and the subgroup Ib bHLH genes, which are upstream of Fe uptake responses, were repressed in the WT under Cu deficiency. Several AP2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) genes and other redox homeostasis network genes were derepressed in spl7 mutants. Together, we present new information about Fe–Cu crosstalk in plants that could be applied for developing abiotic stress tolerant crops.
Correction to: Guest Editors’ Introduction to this Special Issue on Methodology

In the original publication of the article, the second author name was inadvertently omitted. The name has been added in this correction. The original version of this article was revised.
Medicaid Policy and Liver Transplant for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Background and aims In some states, liver transplantation (LT) for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is covered by Medicaid only with documentation of abstinence and/or alcohol rehabilitation. Different Medicaid policies may affect the distribution of LT for ALD, particularly post-2011, as centers have adopted early (i.e., specific abstinence period not required) LT practices. Approach and results We surveyed Medicaid policies in all states actively performing LT and linked state policies to prospectively collected national registry data on LT recipients from 2002 to 2017 with ALD as the primary listing diagnosis. We categorized Medicaid policies for states as "restrictive" (requiring documentation of a specific abstinence period and/or rehabilitation) versus "unrestrictive" (deferring to center eligibility policies). Difference-of-differences analysis, comparing 2002-2011 versus 2012-2017, evaluated whether restrictive policies were associated with decreased proportion of LTs paid by Medicaid among patients with ALD post-2011. We performed sensitivity analyses to account for any differences by diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or Medicare insurance. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to account for any difference by prevalence of ALD among restrictive versus unrestrictive states. Of 10,836 LT recipients in 2002-2017, 7,091 were from 24 states in the restrictive group and 3,745 from 14 states in the unrestrictive group. The adjusted proportion (95% confidence interval) of LTs paid by Medicaid among restrictive versus unrestrictive states between 2002 and 2011 was 17.6% (15.4%-19.8%) versus 18.9% (15.4%-22.3%) (P = 0.54) and between 2012 and 2017, 17.2% (14.7%-19.7%) versus 23.2% (19.8%-26.6%) (P = 0.005). In difference-of-differences analysis, restrictive (versus unrestrictive) policies were associated with a 4.7% (0.8%-8.6%) (P = 0.02) absolute lower adjusted proportion of LTs for ALD paid by Medicaid post-2011. Conclusions Restrictive Medicaid policies are present in most states with active LT centers and are associated with lower proportions of LTs for ALD paid by Medicaid post-2011 compared to states with unrestrictive Medicaid policies. Reevaluation of Medicaid alcohol use policies may be warranted, to align more closely with contemporary center-level practices.
The Role of Mid-level Providers

Health care has encountered a situation where the demand for our services is greater than the supply of physicians. In the very near future, the shortage of physicians will become even greater. At the time of writing this book, primary care physicians are already in short supply. The American Academy of Family Physicians predicts a shortfall of 40,000 primary care physicians by 2020. Moreover, the US Bureau of Health Professions projects a shortage of 109,600 physicians in all specialties by 2020. One thing is certain – following the passage of the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care), 32 million additional Americans are going to have health insurance, and someone will need to take care of them. Who will provide medical care to millions of newly insured people? Upon passage of the Affordable Care Act, physician practices were overwhelmed by the increased demand. Many doctors stopped taking new patients; the concept of concierge medicine, also called direct primary care, has decreased the availability of primary care physicians, and those physicians who continue to accept new patients have seen waiting times for appointments lengthen significantly. Visits to emergency rooms have increased by 7%, adding unanticipated costs to the program. To resolve this situation, physician practices and hospitals must proactively add capacity to treat large numbers of new patients. This chapter will identify mid-level providers and describe the role they can assume to increase the care we want to provide our patients.
The convex hull heuristic for nonlinear integer programming problems with linear constraints and application to quadratic 0–1 problems

The convex hull heuristic is a heuristic for mixed-integer programming problems with a nonlinear objective function and linear constraints. It is a matheuristic in two ways: it is based on the mathematical programming algorithm called simplicial decomposition, or SD (von Hohenbalken in Math Program 13:49–68, 1977), and at each iteration, one solves a mixed-integer programming problem with a linear objective function and the original constraints, and a continuous problem with a nonlinear objective function and a single linear constraint. Its purpose is to produce quickly feasible and often near optimal or optimal solutions for convex and nonconvex problems. It is usually multi-start. We have tested it on a number of hard quadratic 0–1 optimization problems and present numerical results for generalized quadratic assignment problems, cross-dock door assignment problems, quadratic assignment problems and quadratic knapsack problems. We compare solution quality and solution times with results from the literature, when possible.
Lobular breast carcinoma metastatic to the endometrium in a patient under tamoxifen therapy: A case report.

Metastatic carcinomas to the uterus are rare and usually originate from nearby gynecologic sites, most commonly from the ovaries. Among non-gynecologic origins, breast tumors are the most frequent ...
Orchestrating Fault Prediction with Live Migration and Checkpointing

Checkpoint/Restart (C/R) is widely used to provide fault tolerance on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. However, Parallel File System (PFS) overhead and failure uncertainty cause significant application overhead. This paper develops an adaptive multi-level C/R model that incorporates a failure prediction and analysis model, which orchestrates failure prediction, checkpointing, checkpoint frequency, and proactive live migration along with the additional benefit of Burst Buffers (BB). It effectively reduces the overheads due to failures, checkpointing, and recovery. Simulation results for the Summit supercomputer yield a reduction of ~20%-86% in application overhead due to BBs, orchestrated failure prediction, and migration. We also observe a ~29% decrease in checkpoint writes to BBs, which can increase the longevity of the BB storage devices.
Industrial Practices in Low-Power Robust Design

Increasing amount of electronics is being embedded into auto-motives. We are witnessing the conversion of the automotive from a purely mechanical device to an electrical/electronic/mechanical device. Purely electrical and hybrid-electrical vehicles are replacing the gasoline/diesel-driven vehicles. A variety of driver assistance systems are already available in modestly priced to high-end cars. Self-driven cars have been deployed in some cities on an experimental basis. The manufacturing sector is witnessing a similar revolution. Robots are being used in smart factories and warehouses. In a world where cyber-physical systems and life-forms will coexist, it is imperative that the electronics embedded into auto-motives and industrial systems has a long life and operates reliably in its environment. Reducing power and energy dissipation in these systems is important from many perspectives, including environmental impact, heating, and system reliability. In this paper, we survey the landscape of research and development towards the building of robust, low power semiconductor for automotive and industrial applications.
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Coupled Trim Analysis of a Twin Cyclocopter in Forward Flight

The paper discusses the development of a nonlinear aeroelastic coupled trim model of a twin cyclocopter in forward flight. The twin cyclocopter consists of two cycloidal rotors as main thrusters an...
Water and landside components

Abstract Many discussions of maritime shipping focus heavily on vessel operations. Intermodal transportation demands extensive investment in not only vessels, but landside infrastructure and the services of a wide array of providers. This chapter endeavors to focus on both of these key assets in a contemporary sense, but also provide some historical context that explains the beginnings of intermodal transportation, but also how its evolution has impacted port authorities, state and local government, and the shipping industry per se.
Community and topic modeling for infectious disease clinical trial recommendation

Clinical trials are crucial for the advancement of treatment and knowledge within the medical community. Although the ClinicalTrials.gov initiative has resulted in a rich source of information for clinical trial research, only a handful of analytic studies have been carried out to understand this valuable data source. Analysis of this database provides insight for emerging trends of clinical research. In this study, we propose to use network analysis to understand infectious disease clinical trial research. Our goal is to understand two important issues related to the clinical trials: (1) the concentrations and characteristics of infectious disease clinical trial research, and (2) recommendation of clinical trials to a sponsor (or an investigator). The first issue helps summarize clinical trial research related to a particular disease(s), and the second issue helps match clinical trial sponsors and investigators for information recommendation. By using 4228 clinical trials as the test bed, our study investigates 4864 sponsors and 1879 research areas characterized by Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keywords. We use a network to characterize infectious disease clinical trials, and design a new community-topic-based link prediction approach to predict sponsors’ interests. Our design relies on network modeling of both clinical trial sponsors and keywords. For sponsors, we extract communities with each community consisting of sponsors with coherent interests. For keywords, we extract topics with each topic containing semantic consistent keywords. The communities and topics are combined for accurate clinical trial recommendation. This transformative study concludes that using network analysis can tremendously help the understanding of clinical trial research for effective summarization, characterization, and prediction.
AIMH at SemEval-2021 Task 6: Multimodal Classification Using an Ensemble of Transformer Models.

This paper describes the system used by the AIMH Team to approach the SemEval Task 6. We propose an approach that relies on an architecture based on the transformer model to process multimodal content (text and images) in memes. Our architecture, called DVTT (Double Visual Textual Transformer), approaches Subtasks 1 and 3 of Task 6 as multi-label classification problems, where the text and/or images of the meme are processed, and the probabilities of the presence of each possible persuasion technique are returned as a result. DVTT uses two complete networks of transformers that work on text and images that are mutually conditioned. One of the two modalities acts as the main one and the second one intervenes to enrich the first one, thus obtaining two distinct ways of operation. The two transformers outputs are merged by averaging the inferred probabilities for each possible label, and the overall network is trained end-to-end with a binary cross-entropy loss.
Cosmopolitans and Parochials: Economy, Culture, and Political Conflict

Recent political conflict surrounding the orientation of individuals and political movements toward other peoples, other countries, and the global order provides an opportunity to investigate the sources of parochialism, a defensive orientation characteristic of populist, right-wing political movements and their followers, and cosmopolitanism, a stance supporting economic and cultural openness and international cooperation. Both political economy and culture have been marshalled as explanations for these opposing and politically potent stances that exert influence on politics and foreign policy. However, simple models based on international economic position (Open Economy Politics) fail to explain parochial attitudes or political support for emerging issues, whether Brexit, support for the candidacy of Donald Trump, or immigration. The correlates of cosmopolitanism connect those attitudes to a particular cultural infrastructure—a media-rich information environment, educational experience and institutions, and opportunities for transnational experience. In explaining both parochial and cosmopolitan attitudes, the disparate effects of globalization on local culture and politics are of central importance. The link from economy to political behavior and outcomes runs through the locational effects of globalization and the local cultures produced in those settings: globalized urban environments on the one hand or disadvantaged hinterlands that perceive themselves as left behind, on the other. International political economy must illuminate this link between economy and culture, which has important public policy implications.
- Twn: Twitchin (C. elegans)

Twitchin, a large 750 kDa polypeptide encoded by the mutationally defined unc-22 gene, is expressed in the muscle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where it is localized to A-bands. Unc-22 mutants show a constant twitch of the body surface that originates in the underlying muscle and have disorganized sarcomeres despite having normal numbers of thick and thin filaments. Twitchin is believed to function both in regulating muscle contraction and in the final stages of sarcomere assembly. Twitchin consists of a single protein kinase domain, most related to myosin light chain kinases, plus 31 copies of a fibronectin type Ill-like domain and 30 copies of an immunoglobulin C2-like domain. The in vivo substrates for twitchin are presently unknown. Twitchin is expressed in muscle cells of several types, for examplebody wall, vulval, and anal muscles, and is localized to A-bands. There is evidence for a second gene that is expressed in pharyngeal muscle.
Evaluation of integrin a6b4 expression in normal and cancer specimens

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3608 Integrins are cell surface adhesion receptors mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a wide variety of cell types. Integrin a6b4 is a laminin receptor that plays a key role in maintaining integrity in the epidermis, where it serves to anchor the basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane. Recent data suggest that a6b4 also contributes to the migration, invasion and survival of tumor cell lines, primarily through activation of PI3 kinase signaling cascades. It has therefore been proposed that a6b4 may be a good therapeutic target in human cancers. In order to further evaluate this possibility, we examined the expression levels of a6b4 in a wide variety of normal human tissues and common epithelial cancers by immunohistochemistry. Paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays were stained with a commercially available b4 antibody. Basolateral expression of b4 was noted in epithelia of most normal organs, with abundant staining seen in the GI tract. Significant staining was observed in breast, colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, with substantial overexpression as compared to the normal counterparts in 30% breast, 63% colorectal and 69% pancreatic tumors. Expression was typically elevated in mid and low grade tumors with increasing expression between grade I and grade II malignancies. These data support the hypothesis that a6b4 may play a role in tumor progression, and could be a therapeutic target in some solid tumor indications.
The Lebesgue Integral

Integration from one point of view is an averaging process for functions, and it is in this spirit that we will introduce and discuss integration. In applying an averaging process to a class \({\mathcal{F}}\) real- or complex-valued functions, a number I(f) is assigned to each \(f \in {\mathcal{F}}\). If I(f) is to be an average, then it should certainly satisfy the conditions $$\matrix{{I(f + g) = I(f) + I(g),} \cr {I(\alpha f) = \alpha I(f)} \cr }$$ for f, \(g \in {\mathcal{F}}\) and α ∈R. A less essential but often desirable property for I is that I(f) ≧ 0 if f ≧ 0. In some cases these three properties suffice to identify the averaging process completely.
A framework for Bayesian network mapping

This research is motivated by the need to support inference across multiple intelligence systems involving uncertainty. Our objective is to develop a theoretical framework and related inference methods to map semantically similar variables between separate Bayesian networks in a principled way. The work is to be conducted in two steps. In the first step, we investigate the problem of formalizing the mapping between variables in two separate BNs with different semantics and distributions as pair-wise linkages. In the second step, we aim to justify the mapping between networks as a set of selected variable linkages, and then conduct inference along it.
A Component-Based Architecture for Automation of Protocol-Directed Therapy

The automation of protocol-based care requires reasoning about a patient's situation over time and about how the standard protocol plan can be adapted to address the patient's current clinical situation. The EON architecture brings together (1) a skeletal-planning reasoning method, ESPR, that can determine appropriate clinical interventions by instantiating an abstract protocol specification, (2) a temporal-reasoning system, RESUME, that can infer from time-stamped patient data higher-level, interval-based concepts, and (3) a historical database system, Chronus, that can perform temporal queries on a database of interval-based patient descriptions. The modular problem-solving elements of EON operate on knowledge bases of clinical protocols that clinicians enter into domain-specific knowledge-acquisition tools generated by the PROTEGE-II system. The EON architecture provides an integrated framework for development, execution, and maintenance of clinical-protocol knowledge bases.
Mechanisms of roof plate formation in the vertebrate CNS

The roof plate is an embryonic organizing centre that occupies the dorsal midline of the vertebrate neural tube. During early CNS development, the roof plate produces secreted factors, which control the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types. An appreciation of the signalling properties of the roof plate has prompted an enhanced interest in this important organizing centre, and several recent studies have begun to illuminate the molecular mechanisms of roof plate development.
Justice and the Jesuit Legal Education: A Critique

Jesuits need to engage in an honest assessment of the law schools that operate in their name. The heart of this assessment must include an honest conversation about how justice is and is not being taught. If such a conversation were to take place, it would result in something other than the self-laudatory statements of Jesuit law schools now generated for the consumption of alumni and prospective students; statements that celebrate a distinctiveness which does not exist. There is, however, a distinctiveness that could be realized and worth celebrating. This distinctiveness consists of a law school culture and curriculum informed by serious engagement with the Catholic intellectual tradition, especially pertaining to law and justice. The Jesuit law school could introduce students to varieties of justice, all of which are grounded in human dignity and the common good of society. Without demanding adherence, whether intellectual, religious or otherwise, and without precluding other points of view, the Jesuit law school can offer a rich patrimony of thought in a non-coercive fashion. If Jesuit law schools continue to fail to engage the tradition which inspired their creation, then they should cease to go by the name "Jesuit" or "Catholic." If, however, Jesuit law schools take up this tradition in earnest, then what are now mere slogans might accurately describe the kind of education they convey and the kind of graduates they hope to produce. If Jesuit law schools see an obligation to introduce students to the Catholic intellectual tradition, then they will offer law students something which secular schools do not. Then they can realistically hope to form "men and women for others." Then the life of these institutions, including Loyola, can again be Ad Majorum Dei Gloriam.
Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology

1. Preface to a quantum social science Part I. Quantum Theory and its Interpretation: 2. Three experiments 3. Six challenges 4. Five interpretations Part II. Quantum Consciousness and Life: 5. Quantum brain theory 6. Panpsychism and neutral monism 7. A quantum vitalism Part III. A Quantum Model of Man: 8. Quantum cognition and rational choice 9. Agency and quantum will 10. Non-local experience in time Part IV. Language, Light, and Other Minds: 11. Quantum semantics and meaning holism 12. Direct perception and other minds Part V. The Agent-Structure Problem Redux: 13. An emergent, holistic, but flat ontology 14. Toward a quantum vitalist sociology Conclusion.
Central Cholinergic Mechanism and Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses central cholinergic mechanism functions and behaviors. It presents data that establishes acetylcholine (ACh) as a central neurotransmitter and its role in the elicitation and maintenance of behavior. The chapter also highlights the role of the central adrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms to demonstrate and emphasize that a balance between the involved systems, rather than an individual mechanism, is essential for proper maintenance of a behavior. A large volume of pharmacological, chemical, and physical evidence indicates that ACh is present in the nervous system. Usually, bioassay methods are employed in the determination of ACh concentration in the brain. In the brain, the concentration of ACh is highest in the brain stem and caudate nucleus, lowest in the cerebellum, and intermediate in the cerebral cortex, pons, and medulla. Much more ACh is present in the gray matter than in the white matter, because of its localization in the synaptic region. ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl-coenzyme A with the help of the enzyme, ChA. The chapter explains the multitransmitter control of central functions and central cholinergic modulation of behavior.
New Challenges in Petascale Scientific Databases

Scientific data is doubling every year. Virtual Observatories are established over every scale of the physical world: from elementary particles to materials, biological systems, environmental observatories, remote sensing, and the universe. These collaborations collect increasing amounts of data, often close to a rate of petabytes per year. Many scientists will soon obtain most of their data from large scientific repositories of data, often stored in the form of databases. The talk will discuss the different requirements for such databases, and discuss user behavior in a few concrete examples taken from astronomy, in particular from the 6 year usage of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. Interesting query patterns are emerging, where users create custom "crawlers" to break large queries into many repetitive ones. The trial-and-error behavior of many exploratory projects will be also discussed. The talk will also present various scalable alternatives to large scientific analysis facilities.
Effect of extracellular pH on GABA-activated current in rat recombinant receptors and thin hypothalamic slices.

We studied the effects of extracellular pH (pHo) on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–mediated Cl− current in rat hypothalamic neurons and recombinant type-A GABA (GABAA) receptors stably expressed in hum...
Optical sub-QPSK symbol information extraction from 16-QAM signal using optical phase erasure

We experimentally demonstrate optical sub-QPSK symbol information extraction from a 16-QAM signal using optical phase erasure in HNLF. Partial symbol information of one QPSK channel in a 10-Gbaud/s 16-QAM signal is extracted successfully based on four wave mixing.