cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Simulated System of Battery Management System Based on SAE J1939 Protocol

The Battery Management System (BMS) is provided to manage battery packs and interface with other systems which require information of charging state. It designed and developed a simulated system of BMS which can communicate with the Electric Vehicle (EV) off-board charger via the SAE J1939 protocol. The system could build different battery models based on corresponding electrical parameters such as battery type, charging mode, nominal voltage, etc. It was applied in the protocol conformance testing through which to verify whether the design of off-board charger was conform to protocol specifications. The results show that the system runs well and reliable, greatly improves the development and test efficiency of off-board charger.
Noribogaine (12-Hydroxyibogamine): A Biologically Active Metabolite of the Antiaddictive Drug Ibogaine

: Ibogaine (IBO) is a plant-derived alkaloid that is being evaluated as a possible medication for substance use disorders. When administered peripherally to monkeys and humans, IBO is rapidly converted to an o-demethylated metabolite, 12-hydroxyibogamine (NORIBO). We have found in rats that peak blood levels of NORIBO can exceed those of the parent compound, and NORIBO persists in the bloodstream for at least 24 h. Surprisingly few studies have examined the in vivo biological activity of NORIBO. In the present series of experiments, we compared the effects of intravenous (iv) administration of IBO and NORIBO (1 and 10 mg/kg) on unconditioned behaviors, circulating stress hormones, and extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens of male rats. IBO caused dose-related increases in tremors and forepaw treading, whereas NORIBO did not. Both IBO and NORIBO produced significant elevations in plasma corticosterone and prolactin, but IBO was more potent as a stimulator of corticosterone secretion. Neither drug affected extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens. However, both IBO and NORIBO increased extracellular 5-HT levels, and NORIBO was more potent in this regard. The present data demonstrate that NORIBO is biologically active and undoubtedly contributes to the in vivo pharmacological profile of IBO in rats. Most importantly, NORIBO appears less likely to produce the adverse effects associated with IBO (i.e., tremors and stress-axis activation), suggesting that the metabolite may be a safer alternative for medication development.
Agricultural Profits and Farm Household Wealth

Recent decades (especially since 1973) have been an era of decreasing production profits that threaten the survival of many midand small-sized American farms (Blank 2003). Normally, the survival of a firm depends on its profitability, both in absolute and relative terms. To remain viable, a firm must offer returns that are both sufficient to cover the owner’s financial obligations and competitive with returns from alternative investments. If a firm is profitable, the wealth of its owners can increase over time. An unprofitable firm, on the other hand, reduces owners’ wealth. Yet, American agriculture is full of firms that routinely earn low or negative returns on equity from production operations (Blank 2002), thus complicating the evaluation of the industry’s economic health and prospects. This suggests that macro-level forecasts of American agriculture’s future structure and performance require a micro-level understanding of the relationship between farm profits and owner wealth. This paper addresses that relationship.
Membrane alterations in skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophic mice

Skeletal muscle fibers from dystrophic mice and littermate controls (ReJ-129) were characterized electrically and then injected with an intracellular marker. In this way they could be identified for examination with an electron microscope to correlate the relative time course of electrical and ultrastructural alterations resulting from the dystrophic process. On the average, dystrophic muscle fibers displayed decreased membrane potentials (-59 +/- 1.2 vs -79 +/- 0.7 mV for normals), decreased specific membrane resistivity (517 +/- 27 vs 642 +/- 34 omega-cm2 for normals), and depressed action potential (AP) maximum rates of rise (+Vmax) (352 +/- 9 vs 417 +/- 9 V/s for normals) and amplitudes (92 +/- 1.2 vs 102 +/- 1.0 mV for normals) at an experimentally polarized membrane potential of -90 mV. Membrane resistivity and AP +Vmax were decreased even in those fibers from dystrophic muscles that displayed normal ultrastructure (classified visually and by ratio of sarcoplasmic reticulum to total cell volume). These findings support the membrane hypothesis of muscular dystrophy that membrane lesions are the primary lesion in the disease process.
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: interaction between α2-noradrenergic system and circulating hormones and nutrients in relation to energy balance

Extensive evidence suggests that norepinephrine (NE) in the brain is active in the control of eating behavior. Central injection studies demonstrate a stimulatory effect of NE on food intake, a response which is mediated by α2-noradrenergic receptors located in the medial hypothalamus, in particular the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Activation of these PVN receptors stimulates ingestion specifically of carbohydrate-rich foods, and this response is believed to reflect the role of endogenous NE in controlling natural appetite for this macronutrient. This α2-noradrenergic system in the PVN appears to be physiologically activated at the onset of the animals' active cycle, when there is a natural peak in preference for carbohydrate. At this time, the adrenal hormone corticosterone, which is known to play a major role in carbohydrate metabolism, is found to interact positively with NE in the potentiation of carbohydrate ingestion. Circulating glucose also influences the activity of PVN α2-noradrenergic receptors at this time, and, moreover, α-noradrenergic stimulation of the PVN produces an increase in circulating levels of both corticosterone and glucose. This and other evidence has led to the hypothesis that NE in the PVN, through the activation of glucocorticoid- and glucose-sensitive α2-receptor sites, is physiologically active in energy homeostasis, most particularly at the onset of the animal's active cycle. Specifically, this neurotransmitter in the PVN evokes a state of energy conservation. This state involves adjustments in carbohydrate ingestion as well as metabolism, that allow animals to maintain energy reserves by anticipating or responding to a depletion.
The postmigrational development of polymicrogyria documented by magnetic resonance imaging from 31 weeks' postconceptional age

We report the case of a 27-week premature infant in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4 postnatal weeks (postconceptional age, 31 weeks), term, and 6 months of age documented the postnatal postmigrational evolution of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. The polymicrogyria was readily detected by ultrafine 1.5-mm coronal slices on three-dimensional, Fourier-transformed, spoiled gradient-recalled and T2-weighted MRI sequences. These MRI sequences provide the first in vivo documentation of the postmigrational evolution of polymicrogyria. The likelihood that the polymicrogyria was related to an ischemic encephaloclastic mechanism is supported by the simultaneous occurrence of periventricular leukomalacia.
The Christian Educator's Imagination.

Abstract This article describes six constitutive “senses” of the “Christian educator's imagination.” These dispositions toward knowing, being, and doing characterize competent leadership in educational ministry. They include a sense for vocational empowerment, a sense for teaching and learning, a sense for seeking God's presence; a sense for the contours of one's own soul, a sense for “what makes persons’ tick, and a sense for institutional leadership. The author contends that scholars of Christian religious education should seek to cultivate these senses in their students.
Segmenting Handwritten Math Symbols Using AdaBoost and Multi-scale Shape Context Features

This paper presents a new symbol segmentation method based on AdaBoost with confidence weighted predictions for online handwritten mathematical expressions. The handwritten mathematical expression is preprocessed and rendered to an image. Then for each stroke, we compute three kinds of shape context features (stroke pair, local neighborhood and global shape contexts) with different scales, 21 stroke pair geometric features and symbol classification scores for the current stroke and stroke pair. The stroke pair shape context features covers the current stroke and the following stroke in time series. The local neighborhood shape context features includes the current stroke and its three nearest neighbor strokes in distance while the global shape context features covers the expression. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used for dimensionality reduction. We use AdaBoost with confidence weighted predictions for classification. The method does not use any language model. To our best knowledge, there is no previous work which uses shape context features for symbol segmentation. Experiment results show the new symbol segmentation method achieves good recall and precision on the CROHME 2012 dataset.
Detection of oceanic thermal fronts off Korea with the Defense Meteorological Satellites

Abstract The scanning radiometers on the satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) have provided useful thermal infrared (8–13 μm) imagery of the oceanic regions near the Korean Peninsula. The near real-time thermal infrared data (at 3.7 km spatial resolution) provided temperatures some 2–10 degrees C cooler than the actual surface measurements. The thermal gradients were faithfully reproduced, however, and relative temperature differences to less than 0.1°C were successfully estimated from the imagery. A combination of methods, including albedo difference, temperature thresholding, time-stability, and pattern recognition, was used to avoid possible confusion with atmospheric temperature and humidity gradients. The oceanic thermal front between the Tsushima Current and the Korean coastal waters was routinely detected and displayed on the electro-optically contoured thermal imagery. The contour intervals are 1.6 °C, and noise-induced effects give a thermal resolution of 0.8 °C. Temperature differences across the front of 3.29 °C ( σ = 0.42 °C) were measured be seven ship crossings, and temperature differences of 3.3 °C ( σ = 0.4 °C) were estimated from five satellite overpasses. Thermal patterns of a one-sided divergence and a cyclonic eddy were detected in the coastal waters at the flow separation where the western edge of the Tsushima Current curves away from the coast into the Sea of Japan. A critique of the oceanographic capabilities and limitations of the system is provided as a guide to potential users.
Calixarenes. II. The isolation and characterization of the calix[4]arene and the bishomooxacalix[4]arene from A p-t-butylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product

Abstract The base-catalyzed condensation of p-t butylphenol and formaldehyde, which yields a cyclic octamer (I, n=8) as the major product, has been shown to also yield a cyclic tetramer (I, n=4) and a bischomooxa cyclic tetramer (II).
The terminase enzyme from bacteriophage lambda: a DNA-packaging machine.

This review focuses on the biochemical, biophysical, and catalytic properties of terminase, an enzyme involved in bacteriophage λ genome packaging. The holoenzyme possesses ATPase, DNA strand-separation, and site-specific nuclease activities that work in concert to insert a viral genome into the confines of a preformed capsid. Moreover, the terminase subunits are part of a series of nucleoprotein complexes involved in genome packaging, including remarkably stable intermediates that transition to a highly mobile DNA packaging ‘machine.’ Models for the assembly and interconversion of these complexes are presented. Interactions between the catalytic sites in the enzyme complex, and modulation of these catalytic activities as it relates to the assembly and relative stability of the packaging intermediates are discussed. This ordered progression of nucleoprotein intermediates is a common theme in biology as demonstrated by mechanistic similarities between viral DNA packaging, the initiation of chromosomal replication, and the initiation of transcription. Terminase is thus part of a growing number of examples of biological ‘machines’ or molecular ‘motors.’
Report on DOC and DON measurements made at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1988–1991

Abstract This report is primarily concerned with high-temperature DOC measurements and associated analytical problems, and secondarily with wet chemical/UV DOC determinations and high-temperature DON analysis. Included are results on: (1) preservation of non-frozen/frozen and non-acidified/acidified seawater samples; (2) use of alternative catalysts to the Sumika 3% Pt/Al2O3 (used by Y. Suzuki, Sumika Chemical Analysis Services, Osaka, Japan) for high temperature DOC/DON combustion; (3) DOC-high temperature (DOC-HT) and DOC-ultraviolet (DOC-UV) profiles for the north central Pacific (NCP) gyre and Sargasso Sea (SS) as measured by Y. Suzuki and at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO); (4) increased oxidation of DOC with S2O82−/UV by Cl− complexation with Hg2+; (5) evaluation of the contribution of small particles and/or colloids to DOC as measured by filtration through 0.2 and 0.02 μm pore-diameter Anopore® filters.
Subgraph Homeomorphism via the Edge Addition Planarity Algorithm

This paper extends the edge addition planarity algorithm from Boyer and Myrvold to provide a new way of solving the subgraph homeomorphism problem for K2,3, K4, and K3,3. These extensions derive much of their behavior and correctness from the edge addition planarity algorithm, providing an alternative perspective on these subgraph homeomorphism problems based on affinity with planarity rather than triconnectivity. Reference implementations of these algorithms have been made available in an open source project (http://code.google.com/p/planarity).
Primary Septicemia Caused by Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 Acquired on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

We describe a patient with non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia associated with hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions of the lower extremities. The patient had underlying liver disease, and he probably acquired the organism through ingestion of raw clams. Although his condition rapidly improved during appropriate therapy, the patient's cellulitis and skin lesions persisted and he developed a fluid collection of the lower extremity that required drainage. Molecular methods were used to examine the non-O1 V. cholerae isolate for several known virulence factors of V. cholerae O1. The isolate failed to express cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus (Tcp) and was negative in Southern hybridizations for ctxB, tcpA, toxR, and toxT. The vast majority of vibrio infections in the United States are clustered in the Gulf Coast area. This patient acquired the infection on Cape Cod. To our knowledge, this is the first case of non-O1 V. cholerae septicemia reported to have occurred in Massachusetts. Given the high fatality rate of this infection, it is important for physicians to consider this diagnosis in patients who have underlying risk factors and appropriate epidemiologic exposures, even when they reside as far north as the New England states.
A family of fiber-optic based pressure sensors for intracochlear measurements

Fiber-optic pressure sensors have been developed for measurements of intracochlear pressure. The present family of transducers includes an 81 μm diameter sensor employing a SLED light source and single-mode optic fiber, and LED/multi-mode sensors with 126 and 202 μm diameter. The 126 μm diameter pressure sensor also has been constructed with an electrode adhered to its side, for coincident pressure and voltage measurements. These sensors have been used for quantifying cochlear mechanical impedances, informing our understanding of conductive hearing loss and its remediation, and probing the operation of the cochlear amplifier.
Far-field coupling in arrays of gold and gold::vanadium dioxide nanodimers

Previous observations on arrays of single nanoparticles (NPs) have shown that particle separation and grating constant determine the peak extinction wavelength of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Recently, it has been predicted that the LSPR peak extinction wavelength in arrays of nanodimers (NDs) exhibit enhanced sensitivity to changes in the local dielectric function compared to single NPs. In order to test this prediction, arrays of NPs, NDs and heterodimers comprising three different NP sizes were fabricated by electron-beam lithography with various grating constants, particle diameters, and interparticle separations. Another set of arrays were also fabricated and coated with approximately 60-nm of vanadium dioxide, which undergoes an insulator to metal phase transition at a critical temperature near 68.C. By tuning the temperature of the samples through the strong-correlation region around the critical temperature, we varied the effective dielectric constant surrounding the NP arrays over a significant range. Linear extinction measurements on the arrays were made at temperatures above and below the critical temperature, with linear polarizers placed in the incident beam in order to distinguish between LSPR modes. Measurements show a clear dependence of LSPR sensitivity to interparticle separation as well as the dielectric function of the surrounding medium. Finally, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were carried out for comparison with the experimental results.
Lemons to Lemonade: How Five Challenges in Teaching Macro Practice Helped to Strengthen Our Course

Teaching macro practice can be challenging. While students have some concepts of what macro practice entails, their knowledge may be limited and sometimes inaccurate. Moreover, students may be reluctant to engage in macro change efforts. Given the scarcity of literature regarding teaching macro practice and the growing importance of it in social work, this article addresses major issues that we encountered in teaching macro practice at a large Midwestern school of social work. In our institution only 6% of students are enrolled in macro concentrations and we wish to encourage students to expand their interests in macro practice even if they do not wish to pursue a macro concentration. We describe a macro practice course we designed to meet the challenges of teaching community, organization, and policy practice skills to master's level and advanced undergraduate students. Our goal is to expand the macro practice pedagogy literature and encourage social work faculty to consider both established and innovati...
Spot inoculation of soybean roots withRhizobium japonicum

A method has been developed to inoculate soybean roots in the zone of susceptible root cells with nanoliter droplets containing the symbiont,Rhizobium japonicum. The position of inoculation is marked by means of ion exchange beads which adhere to the root surface. InoculatedR. japonicum cells from a nanoliter droplet spread over an area of approximately 35 host epidermal cells and have a high probability (∼ 80%) of inducing nodule formation at exactly the point of inoculation. The spot inoculation method is highly efficient in terms of the number of bacteria required to achieve a given probability of nodule formation. The method greatly facilitates ultrastructural analysis of the infection process and is useful for certain physiological studies of infection.
RESAMPLING AND MULTIPLICITY IN COST-EFFECTIVENESS INFERENCE

We compare published methods for placing statistical confidence limits around incremental cost-effectiveness ratio statistics and show that only a nonparametric, bootstrap approach using polar angles gives completely reasonable results when neither treatment has significant advantages in cost or effectiveness. We also discuss alternative ways to report analytical results using plots, confidence or tolerance limits, and quadrant acceptability fractions. Finally, we use simulation to study the multiplicity bias that can be introduced into ICER confidence limits when only the most favorable results are reported over several possible choices of numerator cost measure and denominator effectiveness measure.
Quadratic operator equations and periodic operator continued fractions

Abstract Conditions are given that assure convergence of an operator-valued periodic continued fraction of period two. These results and techniques are applied to get a solution of the quadratic operator equation in a complex Hilbert space. Special attention is then given to the important case of the quadratic matrix equation connected with the steady-state solution of the matrix Riccati equation from control theory. It is shown that a modification of the traditional matrix power approximation technique leads to a new, efficient and highly simplified method of approximating the unique nonnegative definite solution that exists in many important special cases.
Novel silicon-containing polymers as photoresist materials for EUV lithography

Performance requirements for EUV resists may require the development of entirely new polymer platforms. In the first approach, we have synthesized norbornene-based copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Silicon containing norbornenes were synthesized and copolymerized with a series of monomers having acid sensitive and polar groups, including nitrile, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and anhydride functions to achieve random copolymers with suitable properties to be applied as resist materials. Using well-characterized metal alkylidene complexes, we could prepared polymers having controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. From initial exposure studies using an EUV interferometer, we were able to pattern 150 nm pitchs without additional optimization. In the second approach, polysilane has been copolymerized with acid sensitive monomers (acrylate and styrene derivatives) to produced chemically amplified polysilane-copolymers.
Gold-195m for serial first pass radionuclide angiocardiography during upright exercise in patients with coronary artery disease

Sequential first pass radionuclide angiocardiography can be performed in rapid succession using gold-195m because of its low radiation dose and short half-life (30.5 seconds). In 25 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, first pass studies with gold-195m were obtained using a computerized multicrystal gamma camera at rest (n = 29), at the end of each 3 minute stage of exercise (n = 25) and immediately after exercise (n = 23). In 13 patients, assessment of left ventricular function during exercise with gold-195m was combined with thallium-201 stress scintigraphy. Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest assessed with technetium-99m and gold-195m correlated well (r = 0.93). In addition, repeat left ventricular ejection fractions at rest with gold-195m correlated closely (r = 0.96). Comparing peak exercise left ventricular ejection fraction with ejection fraction at rest, abnormal left ventricular reserve was found in 20 of 25 patients. Various abnormal patterns of left ventricular ejection fraction response were noted, showing the diagnostic potential of serial exercise angiocardiography. Thallium-201 myocardial images, obtained on a single crystal gamma camera after multiple gold-195m injections, were all of good diagnostic quality and were abnormal in 10 of 13 patients. Thus, multiple high count rate first pass studies can be obtained with gold- 195m during and after exercise, allowing serial study Of physiologic changes in left ventricular function during exercise. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging can be performed using the same exercise test, providing direct comparison of myocardial function and perfusion.
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF RESONANCE LEVELS AND THEIR WIDTHS IN TERMS OF THE SCATTERING LENGTH AND THE EFFECTIVE RANGE

The so-called effective range formula for nuclear scattering is deduced from the nuclear dispersion formalism for a fairly general class of potentials. It is shown that only in the case of zero angular momentum scattering is the angular momentum uniquely determined from the low energy variation of the cross section. The relation between the scattering length and effective range on the one hand and the parameters of nuclear dispersion theory (resonance levels and reduced widths) is briefly discussed.
Effects of ascorbic acid and EDTA on vascular concentration-response to catecholamines

Concentration-response curves are often used as indicators of vascular reactivity and receptor sensitivity. Some investigators use ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or ascorbic acid (ASC) to prevent catecholamine oxidation but many others do not. This difference may affect estimates of reactivity. We tested the effect of EDTA or ASC on contractile responses of hamster cremaster arterioles and rat aortic strips to epinephrine (EPI) or norepinephrine (NOR). Comparable contractile responses were elicited by lower EPI or NOR concentrations in the presence than in the absence of EDTA or ASC. Individual responses to EPI or NOR were maintained in the presence of EDTA or ASC, but rapidly declined if neither were present. Rapidly prepared and administered solutions of EPI or NOR elicited similar initial responses in the presence or absence of EDTA or ASC. However, catecholamine solutions prepared without these compounds lose effectiveness within minutes. We conclude that oxidation of EPI and NOR reduces apparent vascular reactivity and that EDTA or ASC prevents or delays the reduction.
T cell receptor usage in neurological disease: the case in multiple sclerosis

Abstract With increasing evidence for an immunological mechanism in the cause of multiple sclerosis, the role of the T cell receptor has become increasingly important. Evidence from animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) indicates that encephalitogenic T cells may have a restricted usage and that understanding this may lead to specific therapeutic approaches. Although numerous studies have examined the T cell receptor usage in myelin basic protein-specific T cells in humans, the question of restricted usage remains unsettled. Recent evidence evolving from T cell receptor sequences derived from multiple sclerosis lesions is encouraging but the genetic diversity of humans continues to make these areas of research difficult.
Emotion Map: A Location-based Mobile Social System for Improving Emotion Awareness and Regulation

Effective emotion regulation can benefit many aspects of our lives such as mental health and work performance. Informed by emotion regulation theories and in consultation with our university counseling center, we designed a novel location-based mobile social app, Emotion Map, to help improve people's awareness and regulations of their emotions. The app allows users to log their emotions with the associated time, location, and activity information. Users can keep these logged emotions to themselves or share them with others publicly or anonymously. We conducted a 4-week field trial of the app with 14 university students. Combining usage logs and in-person interviews, our analysis shows promising results of the app. Specifically, we found that the app improved some participants' self-knowledge of their emotions, supported their various emotion regulations, and enabled better awareness of the emotion statuses of their friends and communities.
Rapamycin, anti-aging, and avoiding the fate of Tithonus

The discovery that rapamycin increased the lifespan of mice was recognized by Science as one of the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of 2009. In addition to increasing lifespan, Neff and colleagues show that while rapamycin improves several functions/pathologies that change with age, it has little effect on the majority of the physiological and structural parameters they evaluated. What do these data tell us about the ability of rapamycin to delay aging and improve quality of life, i.e., prevent the fate of Tithonus?
Metal-insulator-semiconductor studies of lead telluride∗

Abstract The capacitance and conductance-voltage characteristics were measured on metalinsulator-semiconductor capacitors fabricated with zirconium dioxide films on single-crystal lead telluride. At 77°K, on both n- and p-type substrates, evidence of surface potential control was obtained. Comparison of the measured capacitance-voltage characteristics with those calculated from the equilibrium solution of the one-dimensional Poisson equation indicates qualitative agreement, although the slope ( dC dV ) of the measured capacitance in the region near the capacitance minimum is less steep than calculated. The high-frequency response of the capacitance and position of the capacitance minimum were used to deduce the presence of an inversion layer on some n-type substrates of charge density approximately 5.0 × 1013 cm−2. This layer was found to be dependent on surface preparation treatment prior to insulator deposition. Results of surface chemical studies indicate that inversion may be due to oxide formation during chemical etching. Conductance data obtained confirm the existence of a large interfacial state density.
Advances in biomechanics of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and flatfoot deformity

The objective of this presentation is to highlight the clinical and laboratory-based research related to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD).
Effects of lesions in the amygdala and periventricular hypothalamus on striatal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity

Abstract Somatostatin has been found in substantial amounts in the basal ganglia by radioimmunoassay and has been demonstrated in both neurons and nerve terminals. Since the levels of somatostatin have been shown to vary in Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease it was of interest to see whether such changes could be produced experimentally. Lesions of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and knife cuts adjacent to this nucleus had no effect on striatal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI). Similarly lesions of mediodorsal frontal cortex, and those isolating pyriform cortex or the olfactory bulb had no effect on striatal SLI. Removal of tge amygdala resulted in significant increases in SLI in the ipsilateral striatum and nucleus accumbens, suggesting loss of an inhibitory interaction. Stria terminalis lesions failed to reproduce this effect suggesting that it is mediated via amygdalo-striatal projections traveling in the dorsal longitudinal bundle. Other findings support a somatostatin projection to the amygdala from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and one from the amygdala to the ventromedial hypothalamus.
The effects of nonideal surfaces on the derived thermal properties of Mars

The paper examines the effects of the observed brightness temperatures and the derived thermal inertias of some of the nonideal properties of the Martian surface. Attention is given to thermal models used for calculating the temperatures of the ideal and nonideal surfaces. Surfaces temperatures and derived thermal inertias for the various nonideal surfaces are presented. In addition, discussion covers the application of these models to the surface of Mars, the VL-1 landing site, the caldera atop Arsia Mons volcano, and the global relationships between thermal inertia and surface elevation.
Adenosine triphosphate from barium-acid insoluble residues.

SummaryA procedure has been described for the isolation of adenosine triphosphate from barium-nitric acid insoluble residues prepared from whelk foot muscle and rabbit striated muscle. The ATP so isolated is in-distinguishable physiologically from ATP prepared according to the standard procedure of Needham but is only slightly soluble in strong acid. It is present in the smooth muscle of the whelk in much larger amounts than in striated rabbit muscle. Treatment of a similar residue from beef heart yielded a compound which chemically and physiologically resembled ADP.
The bizarreness effect in a multitrial intentional learning task

There is a widespread popular belief that bizarre imagery facilitates learning more than nonbizarre imagery. However, most research has failed to support this view. Of the few experimenters who have reported a bizarreness effect, most have used designs involving incidental learning and only a single trial. The goal of the present experiment was to use the same materials as those who reported bizarreness to be effective, but to use them in an intentional task involving several trials. Another variable added was the presence or absence of cues during recall. In general, this intentional task produced the same results as previous incidental learning tasks. For free recall, bizarre materials produced significantly greater recall than nonbizarre ones, but this difference disappeared by Trial 3. For cued recall, in contrast, nonbizarre materials produced consistently greater recall.
Comparison of responses to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides 38 and 27 in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat

Abstract Responses to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-38 were investigated and compared with responses to PACAP-27 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the pulmonary vascular bed of the intact-chest cat under constant flow conditions. Under low resting tone baseline conditions, injections of PACAP-38 had little or no effect on lobar arterial pressure; however, when tone in the pulmonary vascular bed was raised to a high steady level (35–40 mm Hg) with U46619, intralobar injections of PACAP-38 caused dose-related decreases in lobar arterial pressure without altering left atrial pressure. The peptide induced biphasic changes in systemic arterial pressure. PACAP-38 was more potent than VIP in decreasing lobar arterial pressure, and both peptides were significantly less potent than PACAP-27 in dilating the pulmonary vascular bed. The present data show that PACAP-38 has significantly vasodilator activity in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat, and that the 27 amino acid form of the peptide is approximately 3-fold more potent than PACAP-38.
When is HyperlatT=Hyperlatf(T) in finite dimension?

Abstract For an operator T on C n and an analytic function in a neighborhood of the spectrum of T we give equivalent conditions for T and f(T) to have the same hyperinvariant subspaces.
Novel approach to seven membered rings by the intramolecular tandem cyclopropanation cope rearrangement sequence

Abstract The intramolecular tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement sequence between rhodium(II) acetate stabilized vinylcarbenoids and dienes is a feasible method for the stereospecific synthesis of fused seven-membered rings.
Lateral pterygoid: two muscles?

Reinterpretation of existing data and introduction of new evidence appear to indicate that this controversial muscle might better be treated as two muscles. Anatomically the lateral pterygoid in man and in the rhesus macaque has two distinct heads, superior and inferior. Biomechanically, the two heads posses different properties: the superior head has a closing moment (or perhaps no moment) while the inferior head has an opening moment. The findings are similar in the two species. Electromyographically the two heads show different activity patterns: the superior head is active during various jaw-closing movements only, while the inferior head is active during jaw-opening and protrusion only. Functionally, therefore, the lateral pterygoid of man and rhesus macaque appears to be two muscles.
The cyclic AMP response to noradrenalin in young adult rat brain following post-natal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine

Nachweis, dass neugeborene Ratten (bis zum 8. Tag), die intracerebral mit 6-OH-Dopamin behandelt wurden, am 35. Lebenstag eine Uberempfindlichkeit gegenuber der Adenylzyklase-stimulierenden Wirkung von Noradrenalin aufweisen.
Resonant Brillouin Scattering in GaAs

The dispersion of the Brillouin-scattering cross section of fast-TA phonons in GaAs was measured in detail in the range 8850 to 11 500 \AA{} at 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Acoustoelectrically amplified domains supplied very intense acoustic flux in the range 0.2-1.0 GHz; this permitted a detailed study of the dispersion with a monochromator and a continuous light source. Close to the intrinsic absorption edge, we see a resonant contribution to the scattering cross section. Further from the edge, a deep minimum indicates that the contributions to the elasto-optic coefficient ${P}_{44}$ from resonant and nonresonant terms have opposite signs. At still longer wave-lengths, the dominant trend is determined by the expected ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ dependence of the scattering cross section. The effect of increasing phonon intensity on the dispersion curve was studied and correlated with an associated broadening of the intrinsic absorption edge.
Survival after HLA-identical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The impact of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) on survival relative to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) remains poorly defined. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HLA-matched related PBSC- and BMT for patients with hematologic malignancies have been published, yielding differing results. We conducted a meta-analysis of published RCTs to more precisely estimate the effect of PBSCT on survival. Seven trials that assessed survival were identified and included in our analysis. Using a fixed effects model, and combining the results of all seven trials, the summary odds ratio for mortality after PBSCT was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.62-1.05) when compared to BMT. Subgroup analysis revealed no association between the median PBSCT 34+ cell dose and relative risk for morality after PBSCT. However, there was an association between the proportion of patients enrolled with advanced-stage disease and the summary odds ratio for mortality. The pooled estimate was 0.64 for studies where patients with intermediate/advanced disease comprised at least 25% of enrollment, and was 1.07 for the studies enrolling a smaller proportion. This finding substantiates results from previously published studies that have demonstrated a survival advantage with PBSCT limited to patients with advanced disease.
Can needle-EMG correctly diagnose combinations of two damaged nerves?

Abstract It is accepted that when there is severe, focal nerve damage and an appropriate needle-EMG (nEMG) study is carried out, the electromyographer can infer the correct diagnosis. But is it a fact? This study will check the inference. In this theoretical study, all the possible combinations of two damaged nerve-segments were computed and converted into the expected nEMG findings. These nEMG findings were interpreted and the results compared with the known nerve damage. To facilitate the study, as multiple nEMG findings were analyzed, an automated diagnostic program was used. It was found that in the best of cases, only 64% of concurrent two-nerve damage could be correctly diagnosed by nEMG as one single diagnosis. The rest 36% manifest three types of possible errors: the diagnosis of only one of the two damaged nerve-segments; the diagnosis of a wrong nerve-segment and the diagnosis of one set of damaged nerve-segments, at times the wrong one, when multiple possibilities exist. Utilizing diagnostic programs or tables as ancillary support in the interpretation of nEMG data may function as a second opinion and help electromyographers in ascertaining their own impression.
Determining how much info Bob and Alice really need to communicate

This paper describes the two-party communication complexity model. Each message is a string of bits and carried out according to some fixed protocol. Cost of information transfer associated with a given distributed computation is focused in this paper. This paper also presents an overview of basic algebraic and combinatorial tools that has been used in this theory.
Sex differences in GABA turnover and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) mRNA in the rat hypothalamus

GABAergic neurons are estimated to make up more than half of the neuronal population of the hypothalamus and they likely account for some of the structural and functional sexual dimorphisms observed in the mammalian brain. We previously reported sex differences in the rate of GABA turnover in discrete hypothalamic structures of adult rats. In the present study, we extended our search for sex differences in GABA turnover to additional structures, and further determined whether these differences were associated with differences in GAD(65) and or GAD(67) mRNA levels. Utilizing the GABA transaminase inhibition method, we determined GABA turnover in 14 microdissected brain regions. The rate of GABA turnover was about 2-fold greater in male than in diestrous day one (D(1)) female rats in the diagonal band of Broca at the level of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis [DBB(ovlt)], anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv), median eminence (ME), and dorsomedial portion of the ventromedial nucleus (VMNdm). A sex difference also was noted in the DBB(ovlt) for GAD(65) mRNA determined by microlysate RNase protection assay. Here, GAD(65) levels were almost 2-fold greater in male rats, which suggests that differences in the activity of this GAD enzyme isoform contributes to the difference in turnover in this area. Additionally, in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), the GAD(65) mRNA level was significantly higher in female rats, and in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (Am), GAD(67) mRNA was higher in male rats. These data reveal striking sexual dimorphisms in the rate of GABA turnover and in GAD mRNA levels in specific populations of hypothalamic GABAergic neurons. The functional relationships between these GABAergic neurons and sexually dimorphic phenotypes associated with these structures, such as gonadotropin secretion, reproductive behaviors, seizure threshold and others, warrant further investigation.
The influence of rhetorical schemes on innovation decisions

. Innovation may be viewed as a political process in which rival ideas, sponsored by rival individuals or groups, compete for acceptance and support. Sponsors of a particular idea must build, through argumentation, a consensus to support their idea. This paper addressed rhetorical schemes as a potentially important element of the innovation decision. While rhetorical actions have been studied in other contexts, they have not been investigated in innovation decision situations. The construct of rhetorical scheme is developed in this paper as a way to explain the outcomes of the innovation decision process. A scenario was devised in which decision makers face two different rhetorical schemes, emotional/affective and technical/logical, both related to a technology innovation. A hypothesis is tested in order to make a preliminary judgement on the impact of the rhetoric scheme on the financial choices made by the decision makers. The results suggest that the current innovation paradigms might be usefully extended by incorporating rhetorical actions as explanatory elements.
Attributions for Exam Performance

The expectancy confirmation and egotism approaches to attributions in achievement settings are contrasted in this study. It was found that students in two psychology classes expected to do well on their exams and that these expectations were based on internal factors (ability, effort). Post-test attributions were determined almost entirely by the simple valence of the outcome (success-failure). High outcomes were associated with internal attributions and low outcomes were associated with external attributions. It appears that students who perform poorly avoid the blame for failure by making ego-defensive external attributions and that these attributions enable them to make unreasonably high predictions for future performance. Some limited support was found for the notion that attribution may be affected by the degree to which outcomes confirm or disconfirm expectations.
Measurement of internal strains in a bar subjected to longitudinal impact

Paper describes the use of commercially available gages to measure dynamic strains at interior points in solids. The technique is applied to study the strain distribution in a circular bar which is impacted on one end. Strain distribution is given at position of eight diameters and less from the impact end for central impact.
Additional bioactive annonaceous acetogenins from Asimina triloba (Annonaceae)

Trilobalicin (1), a new nonadjacent bis-THF ring annonaceous acetogenin, 2,4-cis- (2) and 2,4-trans-trilobacinone (3), the ketolactones of trilobacin, an adjacent bis-THF ring acetogenin, were isolated from the stem bark of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (Annonaceae). Their structures were established based on chemical and spectral evidence. The relative stereochemistry of 1 was determined as trans/threo/threo/trans/erythro from C-10 to C-22 by comparisons of NMR data with those of model compounds. Compound 1 is the first example of a nonadjacent bis-THF acetogenin being isolated from the title species and represents a new type of these compounds. Bioactivities of these new structures against brine shrimp larvae and six human solid tumor cell lines were determined, and cytotoxic selectivities were shown for the lung (A-549) and breast (MCF-7) cell lines with up to a million times the potency of adriamycin.
Effect of Concentration on Heating Efficiency of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Application in Magnetic Hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia offers new potential for treatment of cancerous tumors. In this therapy, a biocompatible magnetic material is localized inside the body, then heated in vivo upon exposure to a high-frequency magnetic field. The resulting thermal energy ablates tumor cells with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely studied as a material for magnetic hyperthermia applications. The goal of many of these studies is to optimize the heating efficiency of an ensemble of magnetic nanoparticles. Heating efficiency is quantified in terms of the power absorbed per unit mass (specific absorption rate, SAR), and is in general very sensitive to many parameters including both the physical and magnetic properties of the particles. However, optimizing the properties of the individual particles is not the only consideration for hyperthermia; recently, an emphasis has been placed on the role of collective behavior in determining SAR. In particular, when particles become concentrated, inter-particle interactions can have a significant effect on heating efficiency. However, studies which examine the effect of particle concentration on SAR vary widely in their conclusions. This is likely due to the confounding effects of aggregation and agglomeration which generally increase with concentration.We use a novel magnetic-nanoparticle/silicone composite material to isolate the effect of concentration on SAR. The material is homogenous at the nanoscale, and can be produced with nanoparticle concentrations varying smoothly from 0-50% wt. (0-17% v.) without any particle aggregation or agglomeration. We calculate SAR for each sample using calorimetric techniques and determine SAR as a function of magnetic nanoparticle concentration. This data contributes to a fundamental understanding of concentration effects on heating efficiency, ultimately leading to better materials for magnetic hyperthermia.