cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Causal Attributions and Affective Responses to Provocative Female Partner Behavior by Abusive and Nonabusive Males

The present study examined the effects of the degree of female partner provocation on cognitive attributions and affective responses in verbally abusive and nonabusive college males. In Phase 1 (N = 116), subjects listened to audiotapes of hypothetical dating situations in which the female partner's behavior was nonprovocative or moderately provocative; in Phase 2 (N = 105), the female partner's behavior was nonprovocative or highly provocative. The major hypothesis was that abusive males would make greater negative intent and responsibility attributions and report more powerful feelings of jealousy, rejection, and abandonment in response to moderately and highly provocative partner behavior but not in response to nonprovocative partner behavior than would nonabusive males. Results from Phase 1 showed that abusive males reported reliably greater negative attributions and feelings of jealousy, rejection, and abandonment in response to moderately provocative partner behavior than did nonabusive males. No group differences were associated with nonprovocative partner behavior. Results from Phase 2 showed that abusive males attributed greater negative intent and feelings of rejection and abandonment to both highly provocative and nonprovocative partner behavior than did nonabusive males. Negative attributions and feelings of jealousy, rejection, and abandonment increased reliably from moderately provocative to highly provocative female behavior for abusive and nonabusive males, who differed reliably from each other. Implications for the assessment and treatment of abusive men were discussed.
Gain–of–Function Genetic Models to Study FSH Action

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary-derived gonadotropin that plays key roles in male and female reproduction. The physiology and biochemistry of FSH have been extensively studied for many years. Beginning in the early 1990s, coincident with advances in the then emerging transgenic animal technology, and continuing till today, several gain-of-function (GOF) models have been developed to understand FSH homeostasis in a physiological context. Our group and others have generated a number of FSH ligand and receptor GOF mouse models. An FSH GOF model when combined with Fshb null mice provides a powerful genetic rescue platform. In this chapter, we discuss different GOF models for FSH synthesis, secretion and action and describe additional novel genetic models that could be developed in the future to further refine the existing models.
The Effects of Religious Attendance and Evangelical Identification on Media Perception and Political Knowledge

Scholars have shown that religious activity can prepare individuals for civic activity by endowing them with the skills and motivation to engage in politics. Others, however, assert that religious dogmatism may lead to disengagement with the secular world and politics more generally. These two perspectives have resulted in contradictory findings on a key aspect of civic ability: political knowledge. I argue that while religiosity may indeed increase individuals’ engagement in a wide array of political activities, including some aspects of political knowledge, religious commitment decreases the ability to acquire accurate information about certain types of political facts. This argument is tested with a number of national surveys, and I find that while religion has a mixed effect on knowledge of general political structures and actors, it increases the perception of media hostility, which leads to lower levels of political knowledge about policy-specific surveillance information.
Computed tomography perfusion in stroke mimics.

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and patterns of abnormal findings on automated computed tomography perfusion in patients with stroke mimic.MethodsWe reviewed a retrospective multi-site cohort o...
Obstructive sleep apnea basics

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition caused by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction during sleep associated with arousal from sleep with or without oxygen desaturation. OSA is a highly prevalent condition, particularly in individuals with established risk factors and comorbid conditions. Screening for OSA includes a sleep history, review of symptoms, and physical examination, the results of which can identify patients that need testing for OSA. The polysomnogram or home sleep apnea test results aid in the diagnosis of OSA and its severity.
Impact of convective cooling on pore pressure and stresses around a borehole subjected to a constant flux: Implications for hydraulic tests in an enhanced geothermal system reservoir

AbstractHydraulic tests are commonly performed prior to reservoir stimulation to determine the natural permeability of the enhanced geothermal system (EGS), which typically involves injection of co...
Ablation of manifest septal accessory pathways: a single-center experience

Ablation of septal accessory pathways (SAPs) is associated with an increased risk of heart block. Data on outcomes of SAP ablation in adults are limited. To describe outcomes of SAP ablation in our center. Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) undergoing an EP study at our center between January 2008 and August 2019 were identified from our institutional database. Location of the pathway was noted as anteroseptal (AS), midseptal (MS), or posteroseptal (PS). Outcomes of the ablation including success, complication rates, and recurrences were also recorded. Thirty-three patients with SAP underwent 35 EP studies: AS (n = 13), MS (n = 5), and PS (n = 15). Thirty pathways were targeted for ablation, two of which required a 2nd procedure resulting in 32 attempts at ablation in 30 patients. In the remaining 3 patients, SAP did not have malignant features and were not targeted for ablation. Single-procedure success rate was 28/30 (93.33%): 9/10 AS, 5/5 MS, and 14/15 PS ablations. One AS pathway was successfully ablated during a 2nd procedure. Two complications were observed: 1 pericardial effusion in a patient who underwent epicardial mapping and ablation of both PS and right free wall APs. Additionally, transient 2:1 AV block occurred during an MS pathway ablation that recovered during follow-up and did not require permanent pacing procedure. In this single-center experience, ablation of manifest SAP was associated with high success rates and low complication rates. No instances of permanent heart block requiring pacing occurred.
Environmental and behavioral factors affect northern bobwhite offspring survival

Many environmental and behavioral factors can affect offspring survival, and these factors can vary by species. Parental investments, defense or distraction displays, and translocation can potentially affect survival of young. Alterations in parental investment strategies may carry implications for population growth due to lower offspring survival in translocated bobwhites. We hypothesized that translocation would not impact brood defense behaviors in bobwhites as predator communities may be similar between donor sites (Florida) and release sites (North Carolina). However, we hypothesized that brood defense behaviors affect offspring survival rates. We conducted defense behavior observations by approaching brood-rearing bobwhites and recording exhibited behaviors, and assigned scores based on behavioral intensity. We used the corral capture method and modified-suture technique to capture and radio-tag bobwhite chicks. Brood defense behaviors did not differ between resident and translocated bobwhites. We observed seven different brood defense behaviors: fly away, run, labored flight, labored flight with broken wing display, run with broken wing display, hold tight and approach behaviors. We found that time-varying precipitation and behavioral intensity affected bobwhite chick survival. These results indicate that translocation does not impact brood defense behaviors due to behavioral similarities between resident and translocated cohorts. These results portend that some variation in annual chick mortality cannot be mitigated by habitat management. We also provide evidence that translocation does not alter/suppress important behavioral patterns in bobwhite, indicating it is a viable method for restoring bobwhite populations in conjunction with habitat management.
Irrigation with reclaimed water in an urban watershed and nutrient levels in adjacent streams.

Reclaimed water, used commonly for lawn irrigation, can be a complicating factor for watershed managers addressing sources of nonpoint source pollution. This research examined concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the reclaimed water effluent from the City of St. Petersburg wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (secondary treatment), the Pinellas County WWTP (tertiary treatment), and four tributary sites in the highly urbanized Joe's Creek watershed in Pinellas County, Florida. Two of the four tributary sites are control sites (35-10 and 35-11). The Bonn Creek tributary is within the tertiary treatment service area, and Miles Creek tributary is within the secondary treatment service area. For the 6-year study period, results show that Bonn Creek's mean TN concentration of 0.92 mg/L was lower than Miles Creek's (1.077 mg/L), and both control sites were the lowest (0.66 mg/L and 0.71 mg/L, respectively). Similar results were found for TP concentrations. Bonn Creek's TP concentration was 0.084 mg/L slightly lower than Miles Creek's (0.096 mg/L), and both control sites were the lowest (0.064 mg/L and 0.07 mg/L, respectively). Potential TN and TP loadings from each WWTP to their service areas were calculated, as well as potential TN loadings to each landscape. PRACTITIONER POINTS: We investigated TN and TP concentrations from secondary and tertiary WWTPs and streams that receive runoff from two neighborhoods using reclaimed water from these plants for landscape irrigation. As expected, reclaimed water from the secondary WWTP had higher TN and TP concentrations. The surface water concentrations of TN and TP in the adjacent streams within the reclaimed service areas were higher than the concentrations at the control sites outside of the reclaimed service areas. The nitrogen applied to landscapes in the secondary WWTP reclaimed service area was ten times higher than the nitrogen applied to landscapes in the tertiary WWTP reclaimed service area.
Profiling thimet oligopeptidase‐mediated proteolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial for proper cellular function, including the production of peptides with biological functions through controlled proteolysis. Proteostasis has roles in maintenance of cellular functions and plant interactions with the environment under physiological conditions. Plant stress continues to reduce agricultural yields causing substantial economic losses; thus, it is critical to understand how plants perceive stress signals to elicit responses for survival. As previously shown in Arabidopsis thaliana, thimet oligopeptidases (TOPs) TOP1 (also referred to as organellar oligopeptidase) and TOP2 (also referred to as cytosolic oligopeptidase) are essential components in plant response to pathogens, but further characterization of TOPs and their peptide substrates is required to understand their contributions to stress perception and defense signaling. Herein, label-free peptidomics via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to differentially quantify 1111 peptides, originating from 369 proteins, between the Arabidopsis Col-0 wild type and top1top2 knock-out mutant. This revealed 350 peptides as significantly more abundant in the mutant, representing accumulation of these potential TOP substrates. Ten direct substrates were validated using in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant TOPs and synthetic candidate peptides. These TOP substrates are derived from proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, protein folding, biogenesis, and antioxidant defense, implicating TOP involvement in processes aside from defense signaling. Sequence motif analysis revealed TOP cleavage preference for non-polar residues in the positions surrounding the cleavage site. Identification of these substrates provides a framework for TOP signaling networks, through which the interplay between proteolytic pathways and defense signaling can be further characterized.
Failing with Grace: Learning Neural Network Controllers that are Boundedly Unsafe.

In this work, we consider the problem of learning a feed-forward neural network (NN) controller to safely steer an arbitrarily shaped planar robot in a compact and obstacle-occluded workspace. Unlike existing methods that depend strongly on the density of data points close to the boundary of the safe state space to train NN controllers with closed-loop safety guarantees, we propose an approach that lifts such assumptions on the data that are hard to satisfy in practice and instead allows for graceful safety violations, i.e., of a bounded magnitude that can be spatially controlled. To do so, we employ reachability analysis methods to encapsulate safety constraints in the training process. Specifically, to obtain a computationally efficient over-approximation of the forward reachable set of the closed-loop system, we partition the robot's state space into cells and adaptively subdivide the cells that contain states which may escape the safe set under the trained control law. To do so, we first design appropriate under- and over-approximations of the robot's footprint to adaptively subdivide the configuration space into cells. Then, using the overlap between each cell's forward reachable set and the set of infeasible robot configurations as a measure for safety violations, we introduce penalty terms into the loss function that penalize this overlap in the training process. As a result, our method can learn a safe vector field for the closed-loop system and, at the same time, provide numerical worst-case bounds on safety violation over the whole configuration space, defined by the overlap between the over-approximation of the forward reachable set of the closed-loop system and the set of unsafe states. Moreover, it can control the tradeoff between computational complexity and tightness of these bounds. Finally, we provide a simulation study that verifies the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
'Bull' Coming from the States: Why the Supreme Court Should Use Williams v. Illinois to Close One of Bullcoming’s Confrontation Clause Loopholes

Numerous juries have convicted defendants based on second-hand (or hearsay) expert witness testimony about laboratory reports performed and certified by other analysts who never appeared at trial. On June 23, 2011, however, the Supreme Court put this practice to a stop in Bullcoming v. New Mexico. Or did it? In perhaps the closest majority in recent Confrontation Clause history, the Supreme Court affirmed that the protections of the Sixth Amendment extend to the admission of scientific evidence against a defendant, so long as the evidence consists of a written report admitted at trial. Despite the sound foundations of the majority’s reasoning, however, the Court failed to create a clear rule in Bullcoming, giving states multiple loopholes to use to avoid implicating Confrontation Clause requirements. The Court may move to close one of these four loopholes relatively quickly: the Court granted certiorari in Williams v. Illinois five days after deciding Bullcoming, ensuring we have not heard the Court’s “last word” on the Confrontation Clause as it applies to the admission of scientific evidence against defendants.This Note examines the modern history of the Confrontation Clause, beginning with the Court’s decision to overturn more than two decades of Confrontation Clause jurisprudence in Crawford v. Washington and continuing with Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts’ requirements for the admission of testimonial scientific evidence. Second, this Note examines the Court’s recent decision in Bullcoming, particularly Justice Sotomayor’s concurrence. This Note argues that Justice Sotomayor’s four limitations on Bullcoming’s holding provide lower courts with a series of loopholes they may continue to use to avoid Confrontation Clause requirements, at least until the Court directly addresses each of the loopholes. Finally, this Note urges the Court to close one of Justice Sotomayor’s Bullcoming loopholes by reversing the Illinois Supreme Court’s decision in People v. Williams. The Supreme Court should not tolerate prosecutors’ attempts to avoid Confrontation Clause requirements by introducing otherwise testimonial evidence through surrogate witnesses under the guise of Federal Rule of Evidence 703.
Immigration Coverage in the Black Press and the General Audience Press: What Can Mixed Methods Reveal about Race and Immigration?

This paper has two aims. First, we apply Bourdieu’s field theory to investigate media discourse on race and immigration, demonstrating how features of news organizations influence news content. Sec...
The Gift of Tears: Weeping in the Religious Imagination of Western Medieval Christianity

This article explores the role of weeping in medieval practices of piety by performing a close reading of three medieval texts: Walter Hilton's The Ladder of Perfection, Catherine of Siena's Dialog...
Orthographic and phonological neighborhood effects in handwritten word perception

In printed-word perception, the orthographic neighborhood effect (i.e., faster recognition of words with more neighbors) has considerable theoretical importance, because it implicates great interactivity in lexical access. Mulatti, Reynolds, and Besner Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 799-810 (2006) questioned the validity of orthographic neighborhood effects, suggesting that they reflect a confound with phonological neighborhood density. They reported that, when phonological density is controlled, orthographic neighborhood effects vanish. Conversely, phonological neighborhood effects were still evident even when controlling for orthographic neighborhood density. The present study was a replication and extension of Mulatti et al. (2006), with words presented in four different formats (computer-generated print and cursive, and handwritten print and cursive). The results from Mulatti et al. (2006) were replicated with computer-generated stimuli, but were reversed with natural stimuli. These results suggest that, when ambiguity is introduced at the level of individual letters, top-down influences from lexical neighbors are increased.
Infra-red spectra of inorganic solids—III: Octacyano complexes of tungsten(IV), (V), and molybdenum(IV), (V), dihydrate and anhydrous

Abstract Eight octacyano complexes of tungsten and molybdenum were scanned in the infra-red from 2 to 32 μ (5000 cm −1 to 300 cm −1 ). For the scan, the KBr disk technique was employed. A special modification of the technique was devised in preparing the anhydrous samples for the infrared examination. The spectra for the dihydrate complexes showed two sharply resolved OH stretching vibration bands. A splitting of the CN stretching vibration band was observed for the dihydrate samples. Upon sample dehydration, the splitting was less prominent and a strong intensity band observed in the spectra of the dihydrate samples around 25 μ (400 cm −1 ) was shifted to longer wavelengths.
When political philosophy meets moral psychology: Expressivism in the Mencius

A casual survey of the backgrounds of the contributors to this journal, as well as to our sister journals such as Philosophy East & West, Journal of Chinese Philosophy, and Asian Philosophy, shows that most of the contributors are university teachers in departments of philosophy or religious studies. This partly explains why, in our studies of classical Chinese philosophy, we have a characteristically analytic approach to texts. The strength of this approach is that our passion for rigorous arguments leads to thorough analysis of early Chinese philosophical texts that focuses on how an author states his or her theory and argues for it. However, this approach does have its weaknesses. When we focus on the arguments in the texts, we tend to see these early Chinese philosophers only as scholars; we easily forget that many of them were also political advisors or consultants, and the audience of their arguments was often a powerful ruler. One of the main goals of this article is to show that we cannot study Mencius’ moral psychology without studying his political philosophy at the same time. More specifically, this article shows that Mencius’ expressivist moral psychology is the result of his responding to certain questions and debates in the political philosophy of his time. I believe that our study can also shed light on a debate among contemporary scholars who study philosophical psychology or philosophy of action in early China. Herbert Fingarette is probably the first to claim that Confucius did not have the concepts of “choice,” “choosing,” “deciding,” or “inner life” (Fingarette: 18-56). Chad Hansen claims that classical Chinese thinkers made no distinction between human actions and the natural course of events, nor did they have the distinction between “agent causation” and “event causation” (Hansen: 378). According to Henry Rosemont, classical Chinese thinkers did not have concepts of (or words for) “action,” “rational agent,” or “choice”
Statistics and the Scientific Method

Regression models have not been so useful in the social sciences. In an attempt to see why, such models are contrasted with successful mathematical models in the natural sciences, including Kepler’s three laws of motion for the planets.
Effects of Leucine Starvation or Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Markers of Apoptosis in C2C12 Myotubes

L-leucine (LEU) deprivation decreases protein synthesis and increases the rates of protein degradation. Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) is a commonly used supplement that has been shown to prevent L...
China and the World Financial Markets 1870-1930: Modern Lessons From Historical Globalization (English Version)

In this paper we review evidence about the development of the Chinese capital markets over a crucial period in world market history, and place that development in the context of world financial markets at the time. Despite fundamental differences between China today and China 100 years ago, it is still important to consider the dangers of an imbalance between domestic and international investor markets, and the mismatch between domestic and foreign expectations about investor protection. The lessons of the last century suggest that China today should consider opening Chinese investor access to foreign capital markets in order to equilibrate the level of diversification between foreign and domestic investors. In addition, protection of domestic corporate investor rights is at least as important as protecting foreign investor rights. This paper is available in English at: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=289139
‘Wiping New Berlin off the map’: political economy and the de‐Germanisation of the toponymic landscape in First World War USA

Within critical place name studies, the perspectives of ‘toponym-as-commodity’ and ‘toponym-as-nationalistic symbol’ have tended to be studied separately, but they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Using a case study of toponymic change from First World War USA, specifically the renaming of New Berlin, Ohio, to North Canton, we illustrate that this effort to de-Germanise the landscape cannot be adequately understood without considering how seemingly nationalistically-driven toponymic changes took place within, and facilitated, local industrial and commercial momentum. While the toponymic literature has tended to emphasise the role of government elites in controlling and contesting place names, our Ohio case demonstrates the powerful role of a corporation, namely the WH Hoover and Hoover Suction Sweeper companies, in shaping place naming debates and changes. We interpret the New Berlin name change via three themes: symbolic capital and place re-branding, symbolic annihilation and fetishisation, and the toponymic rescaling of economic linkages.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Turbulence Modeling

An analysis of the near-wall behavior of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) eigenfunctions derived from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of channel flow is performed. Consistent with previous studies, a low order multi-mode reconstruction of the kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress suffices. A similar reconstruction of the isotropic dissipation rate is shown to be insufficient, however. An analysis is performed of the multi-mode composition of the dissipation rate in the near-wall region, and it is shown that a significant number of higher order modes are required to achieve the correct asymptotic consistency in the near-wall region. The reconstructed turbulent moments are used to determine the eddy viscosity damping required in the near-wall region, and this is compared to the damping function extracted directly from the DNS results. It is noted that with a Reynolds number similarity of the low order eigenfunctions, the range of applicability of the results extends beyond the Reynolds number range of the DNS data.
Chinese young consumers’ brand loyalty toward sportswear products: a perspective of self-congruity

Purpose – This study aims to investigate Chinese young consumers’ brand loyalty toward sportswear products from a self-congruity perspective. With different performance observed between global and domestic sportswear brands in the Chinese market, this study also aims to examine the impact of country of origin on Chinese young consumers’ behavior toward sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – A survey with street intercept method was conducted in Shanghai to collect data for this study. Multiple independent t-tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrap method were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – The SEM results indicate a significant influence of brand self-congruity on consumers’ brand association and perceived quality, which, in turn, influenced consumers’ brand loyalty. The multiple t-test results suggest a significant difference between Chinese and global sportswear brands in terms of consumers’ brand association and attitudinal brand loyalty. No significant difference ...
First-trimester maternal vitamin D status and risk for gestational diabetes (GDM) a nested case-control study

Background Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. There are sparse data regarding vitamin D and the development of gestational diabetes (GDM). The objective of this study was to assess if first-trimester vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in women later diagnosed with GDM compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies.
Can Suspended Fine Sediment Transport in Shallow Lakes Be Predicted Using MVRVM With Limited Observations

AbstractThe study of sediment transport in water natural bodies is a challenging task. There have been several attempts to describe sediment mathematically using hydraulic characteristics of water bodies. Most researchers who developed empirical formulas to describe sediment transport performed laboratory experiments with assumptions that did not take into account variations of hydraulic parameters and the fine sediment sizes that are part of this phenomenon. Recently, new approaches for studying sediment transport have been developed involving the use of machine-learning algorithms that have proven accuracy and efficiency in predicting sediment transport. A novel machine-learning method, the Multivariate Relevance Vector Machine (MVRVM), has yet to be tested to model sediment transport and water quality in estuaries and lakes. The selection of the MVRVM is suggested by the limited field observations that present challenges for alternative statistical learning machines, and by the promise of using the MVR...
Keratinocyte transglutaminase in human skin and oral mucosa: cytoplasmic localization and uncoupling of differentiation markers

Expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase, a specific differentiation marker, has been examined by immunogold-silver cytochemistry in human epidermis and oral epithelium, and in oral mucosal hyperplasia and neoplasia. Two major findings have been obtained. First, considerable immunoreactivity was evident not only at the plasma membrane (the site of cross-linked envelope formation) but also in the cytoplasm of spinous cells, suggesting a cytoplasmic function for this transglutaminase. Staining at the cell border was seen principally in the granular layer of orthokeratinized epithelium (epidermis, hard palate), the outer spinous cells of ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium and in the suprabasal cells showing squamous differentiation in benign and malignant neoplasms. By contrast, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in the upper spinous layer of the normal epithelium and benign lesions. The cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, which extended nearly to the basal layer in hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa, was evident in two of three verrucous carcinomas examined. In keeping with their undifferentiated character, invasive nests of squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid epithelium in benign and neoplastic lesions were immunonegative for transglutaminase. The second major finding was that lesions of severe oral epithelial dysplasia, immunonegative for transglutaminase, were capable of expressing involucrin immunoreactivity, indicating an uncoupling of keratinocyte programming. These results suggest that immunogold-silver staining for transglutaminase may be useful in evaluating the degree of differentiation in benign and malignant oral epithelial proliferation.
Intracranial control after Cyberknife radiosurgery to the resection bed for large brain metastases.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an alternative to post-operative whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) following resection of brain metastases. At our institution, CyberKnife (CK) is considered for local treatment of large cavities ≥2 cm. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patterns of failure and characterize patients best suited to treatment with this approach. We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients treated with CK to 33 resection cavities ≥2 cm between 2011 and 2014. Patterns of intracranial failure were analyzed in 26 patients with post-treatment imaging. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors examined with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. The most frequent histologies were lung (43 %) and breast (20 %). Median treatment volume was 25.1 cm3 (range 4.7–90.9 cm3) and median maximal postoperative cavity diameter was 3.8 cm (range 2.8–6.7). The most common treatment was 30 Gy in 5 fractions prescribed to the 75 % isodose line. Median follow up for the entire cohort was 9.5 months (range 1.0–34.3). Local failure developed in 7 treated cavities (24 %). Neither cavity volume nor CK treatment volume was associated with local failure. Distant brain failure occurred in 20 cases (62 %) at a median of 4.2 months. There were increased rates of distant failure in patients who initially presented with synchronous metastases (p = 0.02). Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) developed in 9 cases, (34 %). Salvage WBRT was performed in 5 cases (17 %) at a median of 5.2 months from CK. Median overall survival was 10.1 months from treatment. This study suggests that adjuvant CK is a reasonable strategy to achieve local control in large resection cavities. Patients with synchronous metastases at the time of CK may be at higher risk for distant brain failure. The majority of cases were spared or delayed WBRT with the use of local CK therapy.
Brain mitochondrial swelling induced by arachidonic acid and other long chain free fatty acids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), arachidonic acid in particular, are well known, potent inducers of edema in the brain, while monounsaturated and saturated long chain fatty acids do not possess this quality. This investigation has compared the ability of some free fatty acids (FFAs), known to be released during cerebral ischemia, to induce brain mitochondrial swelling in vitro. The PUFAs tested, especially arachidonic acid (20:4), were more potent in causing swelling than saturated or monounsaturated ones, as measured by the decrease in light absorbance of the mitochondrial suspension. This finding is in line with the unique potency of 20:4 to induce brain edema. Incubation of brain mitochondria with 20:4 for 20 min caused a dose-dependent swelling. ATP-MgCl2 both prevented and reversed this swelling, while binding of the 20:4 by the addition of bovine serum albumin could only prevent but not reverse the swelling. The contraction of the swollen mitochondria appeared to be mediated by a mechanism dependent upon high-energy phosphates, potentiated by MgCl2. The concentration of 20:4 required to induce swelling was about 20 times higher than the concentration required to induce inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function (L Hillered and P H Chan: J Neurosci Res 19:94-100, 1988a). Moreover, reversal of the swelling occurred without recovery of respiratory function. These results suggest that swelling is a phenomenon of minor importance as an indicator of brain mitochondrial dysfunction, at least when induced by 20:4 in vitro.
Optical image formation with a Fresnel zone plate using vacuum-ultraviolet radiation*

A self-supporting Fresnel zone plate with empty transparent zones has been used to focus vacuum-ultraviolet (vuv) radiation with wavelengths as short as 565 A. The radiation was produced by two broad-band sources, (i) the molecular continuum of a helium gas-discharge lamp, which extends from 600 to 1100 A with a broad peak at 810 A, and (ii) the synchrotron continuum of an electron storage ring filtered by a Sn filter, which extends from 520 to 750 A with a broad peak at 565 A. The zone plate was used as a simple converging lens to form an optical image of an object mesh on a sodium salicylate film, where it was photographically recorded. Magnifications of 20× and linear resolutions within an order of magnitude of the theoretical resolution limit of the zone plate were obtained. Applications of this device as a vuv microscope are discussed.
Determination of the refractive index and thickness of transparent pellicles by use of the polarization-independent absentee-layer condition

The refractive index and the thickness of a transparent pellicle are determined when the pellicle is placed between two vertical crossed polarizers and rotated in the horizontal plane. The transmission axes of the polarizers are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The light transmitted through the crossed polarizers reaches a minimum when the pellicle satisfies the absentee-layer condition. The refractive index and the film thickness are obtained from the pellicle orientation angles under such a condition.
Psychometric and laboratory measures to assist in the treatment of alcoholism

Abstract A broad range of psychological and laboratory tests have been developed to assist in identification and treatment of alcoholism. The following measures are reviewed: Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test, Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment, Alcohol Dependence Scale, Inventory of Drinking Situations, Situational Confidence Questionnaire, Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire, and Addiction Severity Index. Currently available and promising laboratory tests for alcoholism screening are also briefly described. Finally, comments are offered on the role of assessment in treatment planning and needs for additional psychometric research.
Rewriting male scripts: Willa Cather and The Song of the Lark

(1994). Rewriting male scripts: Willa Cather and The Song of the Lark. Women's Studies: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 293-306.
An experimental study of the excited state rotational population of OH in flames using laser induced fluorescence

Abstract Rotationally resolved fluorescence spectra of OH in three different flames and for different excitation levels have been measured and analyzed. The extracted population distributions have been treated with a simple model based on a steady state rate approach. Global parameters such as the ratio of rotational energy transfer and “average” quenching and thermalization degree have been measured. For an exact analysis of the relative population of individual levels, knowledge of the state-to-state cross sections for collisional transfer and numerical programs are needed.
Desorption−Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Deposited Nanostructured Silicon Films

We present a method for desorption ionization on silicon based on novel column/void-network-deposited silicon thin films. A number of different peptides and proteins in the ≤6000 Daltons range are analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry in this demonstration of our approach. A variety of sample preparation conditions, including the use of chemical additives, surface treatments, and sample purification are used to show the potential of mass analysis using deposited column/void-network silicon films for high throughput proteomic screening.
The influence of defects on the morphology of Si (111) etched in NH4F.

We have implemented a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation to study the effects of wafer miscut and wafer defects on the morphologies of Si (111) surfaces etched in NH4F. Although a conventional KM...
The evolution and limitations of accuracy and precision standards.

Limits of maximum allowable analytical imprecision have been defined on the basis of normal range (Tonks), composite biological variation (Cotlove), intraindividual biological variation (Aspen Conference, College of American Pathologists), medical significance (Barnett, Skendzel), and a combination of medical significance and biological variation (Fritsche. Klee). Because error limits based on medical significance are less stringent than those based on biological variation, performance goals based on medical significance are more likely to be attained by laboratories than those defined by biological variation. Most clinical scientists realize that the goal to limit the analytical C.V. to one-half or less of the biological C.V. is arbitrary, and for the large majority of laboratory tests of no benefit to the patient, for the major component of total variation is not the analytical imprecision, but the intraindividual variation itself. Furthermore, the purpose of laboratory testing is to help physicians confirm or exclude potential diagnoses and monitoring therapy rather than detecting small deviations from normal values. Small changes in test values are quite often uninterpretable or lead to costly albeit fruitless investigations. In view of diminishing resources for health care we must establish the accuracy and precision required for each test. While improving the accuracy of some tests would be desirable, for most of them further improvement would be irrelevant to patient care because few tests are pathognomonic by themselves and quite often diagnosis is not made on the basis of a single laboratory result. If more accuracy is desirable, it must also be affordable and benefits should outweigh costs.
Provinciales, Gentiles, and Marriages between Romans and Barbarians in the Late Roman Empire

Codex Theodosianus 3.14.1, issued in the early 370s, has been understood in the past to indicate a ban on all marriages between ‘Romans’ and ‘barbarians’. But this interpretation contradicts evidence that Roman-barbarian marriages occurred with great frequency, and the lack of any other evidence for such a ban. This study argues that the specific wording of the law, referring to gentiles (barbarian soldiers) and provinciales (residents of provinces), suggests that the ban was imposed to ensure the continued performance of specific duties incumbent upon these two classes of individuals, and had nothing to do with ethnicity-qua-ethnicity.
On the Ligand’s Role in the Fluorescence of Gold Nanoclusters

The fluorescence of metal nanoparticles (such as gold and silver) has long been an intriguing topic and has drawn considerable research interest. However, the origin of fluorescence still remains unclear. In this work, on the basis of atomically monodisperse, 25-atom gold nanoclusters we present some interesting results on the fluorescence from [Au25(SR)18]q (where q is the charge state of the particle), which has shed some light on this issue. Our work explicitly shows that the surface ligands (-SR) play a major role in enhancing the fluorescence of gold nanoparticles. Specifically, the surface ligands can influence the fluorescence in two different ways: (i) charge transfer from the ligands to the metal nanoparticle core (i.e., LMNCT) through the Au−S bonds, and (ii) direct donation of delocalized electrons of electron-rich atoms or groups of the ligands to the metal core. Following these two mechanisms, we have demonstrated strategies to enhance the fluorescence of thiolate ligand-protected gold nanopa...
A simple scaling formula and monte carlo study of liquid semiconductor surfaces: application to CdxTe1−x

Crystal growth of semiconductor compounds in a microgravity environment depends on the temperature- and concentration derivatives of surface tension. In such situations, gravity-driven convective forces are suppressed, and the dominant one is the so-called Marangoni connection, which is driven by surface tension gradients parallel to the surface. A particularly interesting material from this point of view is liquid Cd[sub x]Te[sub 1[minus]x]. In its solid phase, only a single stoichiometric compound exists, and this is nearly insoluble in either pure Cd or pure Te. The liquid phase forms a continuous solid solution at all temperatures above the liquidus. The stoichiometric compound is semiconducting, with a very low electrical conductivity of [approximately] 90 [Omega][sup [minus]1] cm[sup [minus]1] at the melting temperature. As a first step in understanding nonstoichiometric Cd[sub x]Te[sub 1[minus]x], the authors describe in this paper Monte Carlo calculations for such alloys using the same potentials as used for x = 0.50. These lead to the apparently anomalous prediction that the surface tension of Cd[sub x]Te[sub 1[minus]x] is a nonmonotonic function of x. While there are no available experimental results for Cd[sub x]Te[sub 1[minus]x] with determined x except at x = 0.5, other semiconductor alloys do exhibit such an anomaly, whichmore » is therefore evidently accounted for by the empirical potentials. In order to shed more light on this anomaly, they also analyze it by means of a scaling formula for the surface tension, which they have briefly introduced in a previous paper. This scaling formula permits them to calculate the surface tension from only two parameters in the potentials. Here, they apply this scaling formula to other elemental and compound liquid semiconductors as well as to off-stoichiometric CdTe. The scaling results are in good agreement with the Monte Carlo results and available experiments.« less
Incidence and management of bleeding complications after gastric bypass surgery in the morbidly obese

Abstract Background Bleeding after gastric bypass can be a life-threatening event and challenging to manage. With an increase in the number of bariatric procedures performed in recent years, it is important to be cognizant of the frequency, presentation, and management of this complication. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and management of bleeding complications after gastric bypass surgery. Methods A review of prospectively maintained bariatric surgery databases was conducted at 2 tertiary bariatric units. All patients who presented with gastrointestinal and intra-abdominal bleeding after gastric bypass during a 10-year period were identified, and their charts were reviewed. Results A total of 4466 patients who underwent gastric bypass during the 10-year period had reliable morbidity data available and were included in the present study. Of the 4466 patients, 42 (.94%) experienced a bleeding complication postoperatively. Of these patients, 20 (47.6%) had undergone previous abdominal surgery. Bleeding occurred in the early postoperative period ( Conclusion Gastrointestinal bleeding after gastric bypass, although infrequent, is a difficult clinical scenario. Nonoperative management is feasible for hemodynamically stable patients. Surgical intervention is merited for patients with hemodynamic compromise, those who do not respond to transfusion, and those in whom the bleeding source cannot be adequately identified nonoperatively.
Subthreshold conduction in MOSFET's

The dependence of channel current in subthreshold operation upon drain, gate, and substrate voltages is formulated in terms of a simple model. The basic results are consistent with earlier approaches for long-channel devices. For short-channel devices, the variation of current with drain voltage up to the punch-through voltage is accurately described. The threshold voltage of a short-channel device as a function of applied voltages follows as a natural result of the derivation. Results are presented which confirm the theory over a wide range of drain and gate voltages. With the application of substrate bias it is concluded from the data and the theory that two-dimensional effects can cause dramatic increases in the drain conductance.
FACULTY ROLE ORIENTATION AND PERCEIVED TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS: The Case of an Intervening Variable

This study was designed to explore the relationship between faculty role orientations and student perceptions of teaching effectiveness in community colleges. Survey questionnaires were completed by 260 faculty members and 12,396 students at five Pennsylvania community college campuses. Using a conceptual framework drawn from symbolic interaction theory, it was hypothesized that faculty members holding a student-centered role orientation will be perceived as more effective teachers than those holding a subject-matter orientation. Results indicate that whereas there is an association between a student-centered role orientation and perceived teaching effectiveness, the relationship is due to an intervening variable—the expected course grade. An examination of the causal chain of relationships among these variables is presented.
Parents, physicians, and antibiotic use.

Background. Emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens has increased concerns about antibiotic prescribing patterns. Parent expectations and pressure may influence these patterns. Objective. To understand how parents influence the prescribing patterns of physicians and what strategies physicians believe are important if we are going to reduce inappropriate use of oral antimicrobial agents. Designs and Methods. One thousand pediatricians who are members of the American Academy of Pediatrics were asked to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The physicians were chosen randomly by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Results. Nine hundred fifteen pediatricians were eligible and 610 surveys were analyzable, for a response rate of 67%. The majority of respondents were male (56%), worked in a group practice (51%), saw an average of 114 patients per week and were in practice for 14 years. Forty percent of the pediatricians indicated that 10 or more times in the past month a parent had requested an antibiotic when the physician did not feel it was indicated. Forty-eight percent reported that parents always, most of the time, or often pressure them to prescribe antibiotics when their children are ill but antibiotics are not indicated. In follow-up questions, approximately one-third of physicians reported they occasionally or more frequently comply with these requests. Seventy-eight percent felt that educating parents would be the single most important program for reducing inappropriate oral antibiotic use and 54% indicated that parental pressure, in contrast to concerns about legal liability (12%) or need to be efficient in practice (19%), contributed most to inappropriate use of oral antibiotics. Conclusions. Pediatricians acknowledge prescribing antimicrobial agents when they are not indicated. Pediatricians believe educating parents is necessary to promote the judicious use of antimicrobial agents.