cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collagen induced MMP-2 activation in human breast cancer

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a zymogen requiring proteolytic activation for catalytic activity, has been implicated broadly in the invasion and metastasis of many cancer model systems, including human breast cancer (HBC). MMP-2 has been immunolocalized to carcinomatous human breast, where the degree of activation of MMP-2 correlates well with tumor grade and patient prognosis. Using Matrigel assays, we have stratified HBC cell lines for invasivenessin vitro, and compared this to their potential for metastatic spread in nude mice. HBC cell lines expressing the mesenchymal marker protein vimentin were found to be highly invasivein vitro, and tended to form metastases in nude mice. We have further discovered that culture on collagen-I gels (VitrogenTM; Vg) induces MMP-2-activator in highly invasive but not poorly invasive HBC cell lines. As seen for other MMP-2-activator inducing regimens, this induction requires protein synthesis and an intact MMP-2 hemopexin-like domain, appears to be mediated by a cell surface activity, and can be inhibited by metalloproteinase inhibitors. The induction is highly specific to collagen I, and is not seen with thin coatings of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, or fibronectin, or with 3-dimensional gels of laminin, Matrigel, or gelatin. This review focuses on collagen I and MMP-2, their localization and source in HBC, and their relationship(s) to MMP-2 activation and HBC metastasis. The relevance of collagen I in activation of MMP-2in vivo is discussed in terms of stromal cell: tumor cell interaction for collagen I deposition, MMP-2 production, and MMP-2-activation. Such cooperativity may existin vivo for MMP-2 participation in HBC dissemination. A more complete understanding of the regulation of MMP-2-activator by type I collagen may provide new avenues for improved diagnosis and prognosis of human breast cancer.
A Cascade Tracking Algorithm Based on Artificial Beacon and HOG Features

Nowadays, Correlation Filter-based trackers are unable to deal with several situations, such as motion blur, fast motion, occlusion and scale variation. This paper proposes a new adaptive cascade tracking algorithm based on artificial beacon and HOG features for mobile robot. For details, system with RGB-D camera and Bluetooth deviceis used to solve the problem of scale variation within a certain distance. And the adaptive factor is used to reduce the cumulative errors caused by occlusion and fast motion. To show the superiority of this algorithm, five different types of video sequences from CVPR 2013 visual tracking test are selected to compare with other five kinds of Correlation Filter-based algorithms in the experiments. Simultaneously, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the complex environment. In the end, the application of the algorithm for mobile robot has also achieved good results.
Examining Sense of Community among Hispanic Catholic Parishes by Economic Status, Location-Site, and Family Size.

AbstractIn the present study, Roman Catholic deacons at one of the 216 Hispanic parishes across the U.S. reported on their parish sense of community (P-SOC), using the SCI-2, within the congregation. P-SOC was assessed among socioeconomic status of lower/working class (n = 109) or middle class (n = 107) Latino parishes, located in either an urban (n = 152) or urban cluster (n = 64) site, with the number of families within the parish to reflect a tiny (n = 76), small (n = 46), moderate (n = 38), or large (n = 54) size. A 2 × 2 × 4 MANOVA on four P-SOC sub-scale scores found no significant main or interaction effect for status, site, or size. It appears per public perception that a sense of connectedness and closeness exists in the Hispanic parishes that are poor, urban, and large congregations is a myth at best.
Systemic functional adaptedness and domain-general cognition: broadening the scope of evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology tends to be associated with a massively modular cognitive architecture. On this framework of human cognition, an assembly of specialized information processors called modules developed under selection pressures encountered throughout the phylogenic history of hominids. The coordinated activity of domain-specific modules carries out all the processes of belief fixation, abstract reasoning, and other facets of central cognition. Against the massive modularity thesis, I defend an account of systemic functional adaptedness, according to which non-modular systems emerged because of adaptive problems imposed by the intrinsic physiology of the evolving human brain. The proposed reformulation of evolutionary theorizing draws from neural network models and Cummins’ (J Philos 72(20):741–765, 1975) account of systemic functions to identify selection pressures that gave rise to non-modular, domain-general mechanisms in cognitive architecture.
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Artificial intelligence and security

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2010 ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security -- AISec'10. This year's workshop continues its tradition of being a premier forum for presentation of research results and position papers that bridge the gap between the artificial intelligence and security communities. We also continue our relationship with the ACM Computer and Communications Security Conference (CCS 2010). This will be the third workshop on Security and Artificial Intelligence. Techniques from artificial intelligence (notably bayesian learning and captchas) have achieved great success in helping administrators manage automated attacks such as SPAM and network attacks that would overwhelm human capacities. The proliferation of data and data mining techniques has important implications for security and privacy. However, the scientific foundation for the use of these techniques in adversarial contexts contains many open questions, other AI techniques are being applied to security applications, and as AI technologies (like autonomous vehicles) become increasingly mainstream, their security properties become increasingly important. The call for papers attracted 15 submissions from 6 countries on 3 continents. The program committee accepted 5 full papers and 5 short papers that cover a variety of security applications from malware detection to social network privacy and use a variety of AI techniques from machine learning to adjustable autonomy.
ACTIVATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) WITH CHIMERIC ACTIVASE PROTEINS

The Rubisco activase amino acid sequences of spinach and tobacco are 79% identical, yet the tobacco protein does not facilitate the activation of the uncarbamylated, ribulose bisphosphate bound form of spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) and vice versa. In contrast, combinations of the spinach Rubisco activase with Rubisco from non-Solanaceae species and combinations of tobacco Rubisco activase with Rubisco from other Solanaceae species are almost as effective as the analogous combination. To examine the basis of the preference of an activase protein for either Solanaceae or non-Solanaceae Rubisco, several recombinant chimeric proteins were obtained by combining regions from the cDNAs of spinach and tobacco activase and expression in Escherichia coli. The chimeric proteins were analyzed for ATP hydrolysis and ability to activate spinach and tobacco Rubisco. Comparisons of Rubisco preference with composition of the various activase chimeras indicate that the major determinants of Rubisco preference seem to be localized in the carboxyl-terminal region.
Las máscaras de Trotaconventos : retórica, emociones y mediación en el Libro de buen amor

This article presents an analysis of the deceitful discourse used by Trotaconventos to try to convince her listeners to accept the Archpriest’s amorous requests. As we will see here, the point of departure of this discourse is the characterization the go-between makes of herself in moral terms. She achieves this successful self-portrait using a series of images and exempla whose meanings and connotations she modifies at will, to best serve her deceitful goals. To support my argument I will use some concepts taken from a set of recent discoveries made in the field of the neurosciences that point towards a more accurate and scientific description of the origins and nature of our own human race, and the way these have given shape to our moral ideas. Those concepts will help me explain the reasons why, despite all the Book’s warnings and admonishments, whoever gets exposed to its “fablares fermosos” (beautiful talk) and that of its characters cannot avoid running a high risk of falling prey of their traps.
Teaching, monitoring and evaluating motivational interviewing practice

The demand for professional training in Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been growing rapidly since the ®rst edition of the MI textbook (Miller and Rollnick 1991) and the publication of its manualised version, Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Project MATCH (Miller et al. 1992). Several factors most likely have driven this demand. MI is recognised as an ef®cacious treatment for several substance use disorders (Burke et al. 2003; Dunn et al. 2001; Noonan and Moyers 1997). It is a relatively brief intervention typically delivered within one to four sessions (Burke et al. 2003; Miller and Rollnick 2002), making it compatible with a managed health care environment. MI also positively impacts addiction treatment engagement and retention (Dunn et al. 2001; Zweben and Zuckoff 2002), an area of great concern in the addictions treatment ®eld where high dropout rates are common (Battjes et al. 1999; Simpson et al. 1997). As demonstrated in subsequent chapters of this book and in the second edition of Miller and Rollnick's (2002) textbook, MI has wide application to a variety of behavioural domains and patient populations. MI is also compatible with many different treatment approaches (Baer et al. 1999; COMBINE Study Research Group 2003; Steinberg et al. 2002), which permits its integration into many treatment-as-usual practices (Carroll et al. 2002). Furthermore, its widespread dissemination by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment in its Treatment Improvement Series 35 (Miller 1999) has increased clinicians' familiarity with the approach and interest in receiving MI training. Finally, clinicians may ®nd MI intuitively appealing in that they are likely to view themselves as highly empathic, re¯ective, and collaborative with clients (Ball et al. 2002a) even when direct observation of their work may contradict their own self-assessments (Carroll et al. 1998b; Miller et al. 2004). Thus, clinicians may seek MI training not only because of its clinical utility and the numerous available resources, but also because they view the basic MI tenets and strategies as consistent with how they work.
RF and Microwave Module Level Design and Integration

RF and Microwave Module Level Design and Integration presents a thorough introduction to the basic elements of radio frequency (RF) and microwave modules, followed by a discussion of system-level concepts and measures that can be applied to real-world designs. With a strong emphasis on design and integration, the book offers practical solutions to today's commonly encountered challenges in RF and microwave modules, including system integration, network loss reduction techniques, electromagnetic compatibility, crosstalk reduction techniques, computer-aided design tools, system-level modeling methodologies, and system-level performance evaluation via common RF measurements. Several design examples are presented across the book chapters. This book describes techniques for the design and development of today's complex (multi-chip) radio frequency and microwave modules for an audience of engineers in academia and industry, and advanced students focusing on RF and microwave module design and integration.
The multi-kinase inhibtor Sorafenib interacts synergistically with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat to induce apoptosis in CML cells in association with downregulation of MCL-1 and p21CIP1

2485 Interactions between the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006; Bayer Pharmaceuticals) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Vorinostat (Merck Pharmaceuticals) were examined in CML cells. Pretreatment of K562 or LAMA84 for 24 hr with a subtoxic concentration of Vorinostat (1.5-2.0 μM) followed by a marginally toxic concentration of Sorafenib (7.5 μM; 24 hr) resulted in a highly synergistic induction of apoptosis, and loss of clonogenic survival. Simultaneous exposure also resulted in greater than additive antileukemic effects, but these were slightly less pronounced as those observed with sequential treatment. This regimen potently induced apoptosis in imatinib mesylate-resistant cells including those expressing the T315I Bcr/Abl mutation or amplified Lyn, as well as in primary CD34+ CML patient-derived samples. In contrast, synergism was not observed in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. Sequential but not individual treatment with Sorafenib/Vorinostat resulted in pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e. cytochrome c, Smac and AIF release), caspase 8 activation, PARP cleavage, downregulation of Mcl-1, and attenuation of p21CIP1 induction. Enforced expression of Mcl-1 substantially circumvented Sorafenib/Vorinostat lethality while ecotopic expression of p21CIP1 partially but significantly protected cells from this regimen. Downregulation of Mcl-1 was entirely caspase-independent whereas attenuation of p21CIP1 induction was partially caspase-dependent. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis revealed that Mcl-1 downregulation was largely transcription-independent, whereas p21CIP1 down-regulation displayed a transcriptional component. Together, these findings indicate that combined exposure to Vorinostat and Sorafenib potently induces mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in CML cells, including those resistant to imatinib mesylate, through a process that involves downregulation of Mcl-1 and p21CIP1. They also suggest that a strategy combining Vorinostat and Sorafenib warrants further attention in CML, particularly in disease resistant to imatinib mesylate therapy.
The Effect of an Arthroscopic Orthopaedic Procedure on a Professional Tennis Player's Career.

Orthopaedic injuries can significantly impact the careers of professional tennis players. It is currently unknown how professional tennis players fare after arthroscopic surgery. For the purpose of this study, players ranked in the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) who underwent arthroscopic surgery of any joint between 1996 and 2016 were identified through a well-established, previously published protocol of injury reports and public archives. Performance statistics both before and after surgery, time to return (TTR) to play, and career length following surgery were collected for each player. Statistical analysis was performed with significance accepted at a probability value (p) of <0.05. A total of 55 (39 males and 16 females) players met the inclusion criteria (shoulder, n = 15; elbow, n = 15; wrist, n = 13; hip, n = 12). The average age of the players at the time of surgery was 25.8 (±4) years, and the average career length before surgery was 8.4 (±4) years. Tennis players who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery experienced a longer TTR to play (279 days, p <0.01), as well as a greater decline in their rankings, both in the first and second years postoperatively (p <0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively), compared to all other surgical cohorts. Players who underwent surgery on the elbow, wrist, and hip had no significant decline in the ranking by the second postoperative year. There were no significant differences between genders. This study represents the largest database of professional tennis players who have undergone arthroscopic surgery and may allow physicians to provide evidence-based recommendations about expectations after surgical treatment.
How Similar are Pharmacy Students and White Blood Cells? Curricular Content Reinforced Through Personification.

Description: This initiative sought to evaluate the use of personification to reinforce immunology concepts among pharmacy students. A two-part question posed to first year pharmacy students asked if they could physically become two white blood cells (WBCs), which would they choose and why. Students received instruction in immunology prior to providing their feedback. Demographics included campus of enrollment and gender designation. Student ratings 1 to 5 reflected approval levels toward this activity’s usefulness (1: least; 5 most). Key Findings: One hundred and ten of 117 students selected two WBCs they would physically become if possible (94%). Less than two-thirds of students were female (63%) and the Columbia campus featured approximately a quarter of the students (24%). The most and least common WBCs chosen, as first selections by campus and gender, were statistically significant being neutrophils and basophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, respectively. The median approval values of the WBC personification activity by campus and gender were similar and did not reach statistical significance, 4.5 and 5, respectively. Conclusion: Pharmacy students commended the personification activity for helping them learn the roles and responsibilities of WBCs. Unique and insightful rationales for the choices made for WBCs persisted among the students. In light of these favorable reviews, this type of activity can be adapted to other areas of pharmacy education. Article Type: Note
Treatment of a periprosthetic femur fracture around an antibiotic spacer with revision and an antibiotic plate.

Abstract Infection following total hip arthroplasty can be a devastating complication, often necessitating a 2-stage surgery with the temporary placement of an antibiotic spacer. Fracture around this spacer is an uncommon complication that presents serious treatment challenges. Our manuscript details the successful surgical treatment of a previously unreported fracture around an antibiotic spacer, treated with revision to a hemiarthroplasty and placement of an antibiotic plate.
Inflammatory Disorders of the Skull Base: a Review

In recent years, literature on neuroinflammatory disorders has dramatically expanded, as have options for treatment. However, few reviews have focused on skull-based manifestations of inflammatory disorders. Here, we review the clinical manifestations, etiologies, diagnostic workup, and treatment of both systemic and localized inflammatory diseases of the skull base with a focus on recent updates to the literature. This review aims to guide the workup and management of this complex set of diseases.
Projections of Cochlear Nucleus to Superior Olivary Complex in an Echolocating Bat: Relation to Function

Studies of comparative neuroanatomy provide information about structural variations that in turn can be clues to function. It is in this spirit that we use the mustached bat Pteronotus parnellii as our example in this paper on the inputs from the cochlear nucleus to the superior olivary complex. We will show that the projections from the cochlear nucleus to the lateral superior olive (LSO) are virtually identical to those of other mammals, but the projections to the medial superior olive (MSO) are different in that the ipsilateral input is extremely sparse. We shall propose that this difference is in the proportion of the ipsilateral to contralateral inputs, not that there is a unique input to the MSO of the mustached bat. We will focus on the functional consequences of the unusual pattern of inputs to MSO. We will argue that one of the consequences of the bat’s adaptations for echolocation is the evolution of the MSO into a structure in which a difference in projections from one cochlear nucleus produces great functional differences.
O novo constitucionalismo da Bolívia: da inovação à efetividade junto à sociedade

As mudancas sociais que tiveram inicio na Bolivia em 2000, atraves de um grande ciclo de mobilizacoes sociais, trouxeram mudancas no Estado a partir de uma nova Constituicao. Este passo inicial foi de suma importância para proporcionar mudancas nas formas de compreender o exercicio da cidadania coletiva. O objetivo desse artigo e analisar a importância da Constituicao da Bolivia no inicio dos anos 2000 como instrumento democratico de mais participacao e representatividade da sociedade. A metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa realizada envolveu a analise bibliografica e o estudo documental, a partir da analise da constituicao da Bolivia e de documentos de orgaos oficiais alem de dados de centros de estudos latino americanos. Conclui-se que mesmo com importantes indicadores positivos, existem melhorias e avancos a serem constituidos a partir da luta pelo descolonialismo e intitulada como um avanco social democratico. Constata-se que interesses politicos, em muitos momentos da historia da Bolivia, se sobrepuseram aos interesses coletivos, em especial a populacao indigena originaria campesina. Esses interesses excludentes devem ser ainda superados para que o teor Pluralista tenha plenitude em sua intencao de abrangencia coletiva.
Co-Optimization of VaR and CVaR for Data-Driven Stochastic Demand Response Auction

The ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty remains important across a variety of disciplines from portfolio management to power engineering. This generally implies applying some safety margins on uncertain parameters that may only be observable through a finite set of historical samples. Nevertheless, the optimized decisions must be resilient to all probable outcomes, while ideally providing some measure of severity of any potential violations in the less probable outcomes. It is known that the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) can be used to quantify risk in an optimization task, though may also impose overly conservative margins. Therefore, this letter develops a means of co-optimizing the value-at-risk (VaR) level associated with the CVaR to guarantee resilience in probable cases while providing a measure of the average violation in less probable cases. To further combat uncertainty, the CVaR and VaR co-optimization is extended in a distributionally robust manner using the Wasserstein metric to establish an ambiguity set constructed from finite samples, which is guaranteed to contain the true distribution with a certain confidence.
Initial Experience with Novel Single-Use Disposable Ureteroscopy: A Prospective, Single Arm 90-Day Trial of the Axis Ureteroscope

AbstractIntroduction:Novel digital disposable ureteroscopes are becoming more commonplace in endourological practices. We trialed the Axis™ single-use ureteroscope, which is distributed within the ...
Commentary on guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders.

In this issue of the Journal, Thibaut et al. and the World Federation of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force on Paraphilias provide an update (Thibaut et al. 2020) to the original article (Thi...
An Efficient Curve Evolution Algorithm for Multiphase Image Segmentation

We propose a novel iterative algorithm for multiphase image segmentation by curve evolution. Specifically, we address a multiphase version of the Chan-Vese piecewise constant segmentation energy. Our algorithm is efficient: it is based on an explicit Lagrangian representation of the curves and it converges in a relatively small number of iterations. We devise a stable curvature-free semi-implicit velocity computation scheme. This enables us to take large steps to achieve sharp decreases in the multiphase segmentation energy when possible. The velocity and curve computations are linear with respect to the number of nodes on the curves, thanks to a finite element discretization of the curve and the gradient descent equations, yielding essentially tridiagonal linear systems. The step size at each iteration is selected using a nonmonotone line search algorithm ensuring rapid progress and convergence. Thus, the user does not need to specify fixed step sizes or iteration numbers. We also introduce a novel dynamic stopping criterion, robust to various imaging conditions, to decide when to stop the iterations. Our implementation can handle topological changes of curves, such as merging and splitting as well. This is a distinct advantage of our approach, because we do not need to know the number of phases in advance. The curves can merge and split during the evolution to detect the correct regions, especially the number of phases.
Single-Level Electricity Market Equilibrium With Offers and Bids in Energy and Price

A supply-function equilibrium model fits well current electricity market practice, but entails the solution of an equilibrium problem composed of bi-level problems, which is computationally very demanding. To ease such computational burden, we propose a computationally efficient single-level equilibrium model that identifies equilibria similar to those obtained by equilibrium models of bi-level problem. In our model, producers/consumers offer/bid both energy and prices. We use a simple example and a case study to illustrate and characterize the performance of the proposed single-level equilibrium model.
Longitudinal Resilience and Burnout in Radiology Residents.

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were to determine resilience levels of radiology residents at the start of radiology residency, investigate changes in resilience and burnout during residency, and assess the relationship between resilience and burnout among radiology residents. Methods Diagnostic radiology residents were invited to participate in online surveys from 2016 to 2019. Resilience was assessed using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. For each data set, genders’ scores were compared using either analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the correlations between resilience and burnout. Results Women and men had no statistically significant difference among baseline resilience scores (P = .78). However, there was a statistically significant overall decrease in resilience scores among women (P = .002). Baseline Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey scores indicated that residents began residency without frequent symptoms of burnout. There was no statistically significant temporal change across subjects among burnout scores in any scale (P ≥ .09 for all) or between women and men (P ≥ .37 for all interactions). However, among women, there was a statistically significant difference in depersonalization scores during training (P = .009). Additionally, higher resilience scores were associated with a greater sense of personal achievement (r = .52) and less emotional exhaustion (r = −.56) and depersonalization (r = −.59). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that gender differences in resilience and burnout occur during radiology residency and that resilience has a protective effect against experiencing symptoms of burnout. Radiology residency programs should consider building longitudinal resilience for all trainees, especially women.
Building Peace in a Culture War: Christian Witness in a Polarized Society

This article argues that Christians committed to peace must attend more fully to the political and discursive climate of democratic society. In social conflicts characterized by mutual distrust, vo...
Rate of RhD-alloimmunization after the transfusion of RhD-positive red blood cell containing products among injured patients of childbearing age: single center experience and narrative literature review.

To determine the rate of RhD-alloimmunization in injured RhD-negative patients in the age range of childbearing potential who were transfused with at least one unit of RhD-positive red blood cells ...
Effects of Central Obesity on Esophageal Epithelial Barrier Function.

Introduction We assessed if obesity perturbs the esophageal epithelial barrier function independent of promotion of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Methods Thirty-eight participants were divided into 4 groups: Obesity-/GER-, Obesity+/GER-, Obesity-/GER+, and Obesity+/GER+. Esophageal intercellular space and desmosome density (structural integrity) and fluorescein leak (functional integrity) were measured. Results The Obesity+/GER- group demonstrated increased intercellular space, reduced desmosome density, and increased fluorescein leak compared with control subjects. These changes were similar but not additive to findings seen in Obesity-/GER + and Obesity+/GER+ patients. Discussion Central obesity impairs structural and functional integrity of the esophageal barrier independent of GER, likely predisposing to esophageal injury.
Examining engineering students’ participation in entrepreneurship education programs: implications for practice

Recent research has demonstrated the importance of entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) in the professional development of engineering students. Numerous universities have adopted various forms of EEPs which are typically offered as elective programs. To create suitable programs that will encourage students to seek out EEPs, it is critical to understand the factors that influence student participation in EEPs. Using qualitative research methods, we examined the question “What influences engineering students’ participation in entrepreneurship education programs?” The purpose of our work is to identify and understand the factors impacting engineering student participation in EEPs. Analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews of undergraduate engineering students was conducted using the first and second cycle coding methods to determine key factors that inform students’ participation in EEPs. We found that student decisions to participate in EEPs are influenced by several factors: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intent, attitude, subjective norm, goals, academic transitions, information and resources, social capital, opportunities and challenges, and past participation in EEPs. Findings demonstrate that students’ non-compulsory participation is not a result of a single act, but is regulated by multiple factors. Explication of these factors using our qualitative results provides actionable guidance for EEPs to encourage engineering students’ participation and offers directions for future research.
Interaction of Opioids with Sedative Practices in the ICU

Critically ill or injured patients often require analgesia or sedation to facilitate care and support comfort. Understanding appropriate indications and approaches to analgesia and sedation helps establish safe practice paradigms for use in the ICU. The interaction of opioid analgesics and sedative agents may lead to a variety of untoward consequences including obtundation, hypotension, and respiratory depression or failure. Non-opioid and non-sedating approaches to ICU management should be deliberately established to mitigate against undesirable effects of individual agents, or those provided in combination. Sleep hygiene support, peri-procedural analgesia and sedation, mechanical ventilation tolerance, postoperative and post-injury care, and palliative and end-of-life care all benefit from a preplanned and safe approach to using combination agent therapy. Given the prevalence of chronic pain as well as opioid use disorder, many who will require inpatient care need an integrated approach to safely adjust their chronic maintenance regimen. Using a team-based approach that includes a clinical pharmacist as an integral member of the critical care team helps address appropriate therapeutic agent use, avoid dangerous medication interactions, and is invaluable when there are therapeutic agent shortages, such as what was common across the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mineral Accretion during Prenatal Growth of Cattle

Angus, Hereford and Red Poll crossbred yearling heifers (n = 81) were mated to Brown Swiss bulls. Pregnant heifers were assigned on the bases of weight and breed cross to one of three diets and fed to achieve maternal weight gains of 0, .5 or 1.0 kg/d. Heifers from each treatment group were slaughtered at about 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, or 255 d postmating. Reproductive tracts were recovered at slaughter. Weights of the gravid uterus, fetus, fetal membranes, fetal fluids, uterus, cotyledons and placenta were obtained and have been reported previously. Fetuses were frozen and later ground, mixed and sampled. Dry matter was determined. Samples of each fetus were ashed, and concentrations of Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Zn were determined. Relationships between total fetal content of each mineral and day postmating were obtained, and daily fetal accretion rates of each mineral were estimated for several stages of gestation. Daily requirements and allowances of each mineral for pregnancy in beef cows were estimated. Estimated allowances for Ca, P, Na, K, Fe and Zn were small during early gestation but increased rapidly and reached maxima of 8.4 g, 5.2 g, .76 g, .63 g, 65 mg and 21 mg, respectively, at about 250 d postmating.
Abstract 5590: Molecular characterization of pancreatic tumors arising in the background of germline BRCA mutations

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes which play a role in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks and the maintenance of genomic stability. Inherited BRCA mutations increase the risk of development of pancreatic cancer. In sporadic tumors BRCA mutations occur late in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Few studies to date have examined molecular heterogeneity within pancreatic tumors with respect to founder and progressor mutations. This is the first study to examine heterogeneity of mutations in pancreatic carcinomas associated with germline BRCA mutations. Design: Cases of pancreatic tumors arising in four patients with previously confirmed germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were identified from our case files. Representative sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from surgical resection specimens were reviewed and 3 sections of tumor from different geographic regions and 1 section of non-tumor tissue were selected for molecular analysis for each case. Samples were manually macrodissected and genomic DNA was isolated. Genomic DNA was used for target capture and amplification of 212 amplicons targeting mutational hotspots in 48 genes using the TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel. Next generation sequencing was performed on the MiSeq Benchtop Sequencer and analyzed with NextGENe software. Results: In all cases concordant results were observed in all three tumor samples, with no evidence of intratumoral heterogeneity for the genes tested. In one patient with a BRCA1 germline mutation, TP53 and SMAD4 mutations were identified. In two patients with germline BRCA2 mutations, two additional driver mutations were identified involving KRAS, TP53, or SMAD4. In one case with BRCA2 germline mutation, no additional mutations were identified. Conclusion: Pancreatic tumors arising in the background of germline BRCA mutations had between 1-3 driver mutations per tumor, which is consistent with the reported numbers of driver mutations in sporadically arising pancreatic tumors. No mutual exclusivity among the mutated genes was observed. Mutations observed include KRAS codon 12 mutation, TP53 mutation (within the DNA binding domain), and SMAD4 mutation. Taken together, these results suggest that pancreatic tumors occurring in BRCA patients show similar mutational profiles of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as seen in sporadic tumors with little heterogeneity with respect to these driver mutations. Citation Format: Susan Hsiao, Anne Koehne de Gonzalez, Mahesh M. Mansukhani, Robert L. Fine, Helen E. Remotti. Molecular characterization of pancreatic tumors arising in the background of germline BRCA mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5590. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5590
A Multi-Gas Approach to Climate Policy -- with and without GWPs

When dealing with multiple greenhouse gases, we need some way to establish equivalence among gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has suggested the use of global warming potentials (GWPs) for making such trade-offs. We begin by examining the implications of such an approach for mitigation policy. We then discuss several significant limitations of GWPs. These include their failure to reflect damages, their sensitivity to the choice of time horizon, and their insensitivity to both the choice of and proximity to a prescribed target. We then explore an alternative approach where the relative price of each gas is an endogenous output rather than an exogenous input into the analysis. Our findings yield some important insights for those concerned with climate change policy making, particularly with regard to the role of each gas in accomplishing a long-term objective.
MODIFIED NUCLEOTIDES AS PROBES FOR DYNEIN

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the ribose-modified analogs. Such analogs appear to be useful probes for axonemal dynein structure and function. Unlike many other analogs, these analogs have a high affinity for axonemal dyneins and support axonemal movement. Benzoyl benzoyl ATP (Bz 2 -ATP) is a photoaffinity label; it has been used to identify the ribose-binding site of myosin and may be useful for labeling dynein. Anthraniloyl ATP (antATP) and methylanthraniloyl ATP (mantATP) are fluorescent analogs that are easy to synthesize and have a large Stoke's shift. Axonemal dyneins have very high affinity and relatively high turnover with ATP as compared with other nucleoside triphosphates, and there are relatively few analogs that support axonemal motion. Among these are those with modifications on the 2-position of adenine, 2 ′ - and 3 ′ -positions on the ribose, and substitution of S for the α phosphate. Before discussing the use of these analogs in investigating axonemal dyneins, the chapter points out a couple of key differences between axonemal dyneins and cytoplasmic dyneins or other motor molecules. First, an axoneme is a very complicated structure that requires chemomechanical coupling of many dyneins that are functionally distinct. Second, even a single axonemal dynein complex is composed of more than one heavy chain, each of which potentially has multiple nucleotide binding sites. This complexity may be dissected by the judicious use of ribose-modified analogs.
Chapter 4 OMVPE Growth of AlGalnP for High-Efficiency Visible Light-Emitting Diodes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the organometallic vaporphase epitaxy (OMVPE) growth of Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) for high-efficiency LED applications. First, a broad overview of growth conditions and the requirements for growth of high-quality optoelectronic devices is provided. The properties of the epilayer depend strongly on the growth conditions as well as the ability to control background impurity incorporation, especially oxygen. Inability to effectively minimize oxygen contamination in the manufacture AlGaInP LEDs can result in poor reproducibility due to variation in source purity and other factors. The production yield for these AlGaInP LEDs is expected to increase each year as manufacturers continue to improve the growth process and increase the productivity of the OMVPE reactors. The chapter focuses on a variety of issues that are central to the growth process. These include n- and p-type doping, ordering effects, unintentional hydrogen passivation, and residual oxygen incorporation. A variety of manufacturing issues, such as uniformity, run-to-run reproducibility, and safety are also discussed.
Drug Abuse: The Large Social and Physical Environment

This chapter addresses the larger physical and social environmental influences on drug misuse development (e.g., drug availability and neighborhood organization), including geographic and cultural information that characterizes one's environment. Several theoretical models have been used to examine this etiologic arena. For example, Szapocznik and Coatsworth's (1999) Ecodevelopmental Model – based in part on Bronfenbrenner's (1979) Ecological Systems Theory – examines the child within and across ecological systems that may be involved in risk and protective processes that influence drug use. These processes represent interactions of youths with their families, community units, and larger scale physical and cultural influences. The present chapter focuses on molar levels of analysis or influences of these larger scale complex systems. Physical environmental influences on drug misuse vulnerability can be categorized as the size, density, and configuration of geographical areas that could either constrain or facilitate drug misuse. Such influences include large-scale constraints, such as the presence of prosocial physical environmental resources like museums and fitness clubs or views of nature that have calming effects. Aspects of an environment reflective of community disorganization that could lead to psychological stress and maladaptive coping include exposures to dilapidated or unprotected structures that provide places for drug distribution, high alcohol outlet density, or crowding, crime presence, and noise. We place community disorganization as a “physical” environmental influence though it could also be conceptualized as a large social environmental influence.
Conditional mutations occur predominantly in highly conserved residues of RNA polymerase II subunits.

Abstract Conditional mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II large subunit, RPB1, were obtained by introducing a mutagenized RPB1 plasmid into yeast cells, selecting for loss of the wild-type RPB1 gene, and screening the cells for heat or cold sensitivity. Sequence analysis of 10 conditional RPB1 mutations and 10 conditional RPB2 mutations revealed that the amino acid residues altered by these distinct mutations are nearly always invariant among eucaryotic RPB1 and RPB2 homologs. These results suggest that RNA polymerase mutants might be obtained in other eucaryotic organisms by alteration of these invariant residues.
Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Women Is Reduced by a Pilot Community-Based Educational Intervention

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women, and African Americans have higher rates of CVD mortality than do other racio/ethnic groups. Women in community settings can benefit from preventive interventions, yet few investigations of successful programs have been conducted and evaluated in high-risk women, especially for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of our study was to pilot and assess the effectiveness of a 4-month pre-/post-CVD preventive educational intervention in improving knowledge, clinical risk profiles, adoption of heart-healthy lifestyles, inflammatory burden, and cardiometabolic risk in African American women in local communities. Methods: Forty-two African American women (mean age 59 years) enrolled in the 4-month educational Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Intervention Program in Sacramento, CA, in 2010. Participants completed knowledge-based surveys pre-/postintervention, provided clinical measures (weight, waist circumference, body mass ind...
VLSI design of turbo decoder for integrated communication system-on-chip applications

A high-throughput low-power turbo decoder core has been developed for integrated communication system applications such as Digital Video Broadcast (DVB), satellite communications, wireless LAN, digital TV, cable modem, and xDSL systems. The turbo decoder is based on convolutional constituent codes, which outperform all other Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques. This turbo decoder core is parameterizable and can be modified easily to fit any size for advanced communication system-on-chip products. The turbo decoder core provides FEC of up to 15 Mbit/s on a 0.13-micron CMOS FPGA prototyping chip at a power of 0.1 watt.
Computational method of inverse elastostatics for anisotropic hyperelastic solids

The paper presents a computational method for predicting the initial geometry of a finitely deforming anisotropic elastic body from a given deformed state. The method is imperative for a class of problem in stress analysis, particularly in biomechanical applications. While the basic idea has been established elsewhere Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1996; 136:47–57; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 1998; 43: 821–838), the implementation in general anisotropic solids is not a trivial exercise, but comes after a systematic development of Eulerian representations of constitutive equations. In this paper, we discuss the general representation in the context of fibrous hyperelastic solids, and provide explicit stress functions for some commonly used soft tissue models including the Fung model and the Holzapfel model. A three-field mixed formulation is introduced to enforce quasi-incompressibility constraints. The practical utility of this method is demonstrated using an example of aneurysm stress analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of VM deployment methods for HPC education

Operating System virtualization has seen major adoption across many industry fields, this growth has driven penetration into more traditional settings such as high performance computing and cluster systems. Developing an effective and efficient teaching environment for virtual high performance computing systems is complicated by a wide range of virtualization systems (open source and commercial), a variety of hardware platforms, and many different storage approaches for storing and distributing virtual machine images. Coupled with the growth in virtualization is the need for reliable, high performance storage subsystems optimized for the specific performance needs of the installation. This paper describes our experiences with using virtualization for virtual high performance computing clusters for education, and compares the performance of the popular OpenNebula virtualization manager using both NFS and SSH for virtual machine image sharing. Our results show it is possible to develop an effective teaching environment using commodity desktop computers and network hardware along with open source virtualization software.
The Sound Field in Fully Developed Turbulent Pipe Flow Due to Internal Flow Separation, Part I: Wall-Pressure Fluctuations

Abstract A detailed investigation of the wall-pressure fluctuations in fully developed turbulent pipe flow, disturbed due to an orifice plate, is presented. Measurements were made in the initially undisturbed flow, the separated and re-attachment regions and in the re-established fully developed flow. In nominally undisturbed regions (i.e., just before separation upstream of the orifice plate and following disturbance, where the mean velocity and turbulence profiles revert to their undisturbed states at some distance downstream (X ⩾ 48)), the local hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations should also be those characteristic of undisturbed fully developed pipe flow; but the values of root mean square (r.m.s.) pressure and its power spectral density are, in fact, much higher than those for the undisturbed flow. The difference is attributed to propagating acoustic waves generated by the flow disturbance produced by the orifice plate. Wall-pressure spectra have a basic broadband character, due to turbulence, with superimposed narrow-band peaks. The peaks are attributable to acoustic modes, and the frequencies at which these sudden rises in spectral level occur correspond to the modal cut-off frequencies. In separation and re-attachment regions, peaks are smaller; at larger X, the acoustic contributions becomes more prominent, as the turbulence levels relax towards their undisturbed flow values. Scaling in these undisturbed regions, separation and re-attachment regions, for total r.m.s. pressure and wall-pressure spectra, is introduced.