cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Brewing History: The Case of Cincinnati’s Over-the-Rhine Neighborhood

The United States is experiencing a craft beer revolution. There are over 7,000 craft breweries in the United States; in 1980 there were only eight. The rise of craft breweries is a response to consumer dissatisfaction with the beer offered by mega-breweries such as Anheuser-Busch. Craft breweries offer consumers a higher quality product and a wide variety of different beer styles. The growing popularity of craft beer has also resulted in a renewed interest in the history of beer and brewing. The focus of this paper is Cincinnati, Ohio. During the nineteenth-century Cincinnati was the destination of tens of thousands of immigrants from Germany. Most of these immigrants settled in what would become known as the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood. By the 1870s Over-the-Rhine was one of the most densely populated German-speaking neighborhoods in the western hemisphere—German-speaking churches, German-language schools and newspapers filled the neighborhood. Over-the-Rhine was also home to 13 breweries, which provided the local population with German-style lager beer. During the twentieth century, the number of breweries in the United States declined as a result of a decades-long period of consolidation in the American brewing industry. In Cincinnati, as in other American cities, breweries closed one-by-one as national breweries, like Anheuser-Busch and Pabst, came to dominate the brewing landscape. Old brewery buildings either sat empty of were adaptively re-used for other purposes. Recognizing the historical value of these old brewery buildings, in 2005 residents established the Over-the-Rhine Brewery District Community Urban Redevelopment Corporation (BDCURC), a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. The mission of the BDCURC is to “make the Brewery District a healthy, balanced and supportive neighborhood economy by preserving, restoring and redeveloping our unique brewing history and historic urban fabric.” The purpose of this chapter is to examine how Cincinnati’s brewing history is being leveraged as a part of the city’s broader neighborhood redevelopment efforts.
Pediatricians' Experiences With and Perceptions of the Vaccines for Children Program.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Vaccines for Children Program (VFC) provides vaccines for children who may not otherwise be vaccinated because of financial barriers. Pediatrician participation is crucial to the VFC’s ongoing success. Our objectives were to assess, among a national sample of pediatricians, (1) VFC program participation, (2) perceived burden versus benefit of participation, and (3) knowledge and perception of a time-limited increased payment for VFC vaccine administration under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. METHODS: An electronic and mail survey was conducted from June 2017 to September 2017. RESULTS: Response rate was 79% (372 of 471); 86% of pediatricians reported currently participating in the VFC; among those, 85% reported never having considered stopping, 10% considered it but not seriously, and 5% seriously considered it. Among those who had considered no longer participating (n = 47), the most commonly reported reasons included difficulty meeting VFC record-keeping requirements (74%), concern about action by the VFC for noncompliance (61%), and unpredictable VFC vaccine supplies (59%). Participating pediatricians rated, on a scale from −5 (high burden) to +5 (high benefit), their overall perception of the VFC: 63% reported +4 or +5, 23% reported +1 to +3, 5% reported 0, and 9% reported −1 to −5. Of pediatricians, 39% reported awareness of temporary increased payment for VFC vaccine administration. Among those, 10% reported that their practice increased the proportion of Medicaid and/or VFC-eligible patients served on the basis of this change. CONCLUSIONS: For most pediatricians, perceived benefits of VFC participation far outweigh perceived burdens. To ensure the program’s ongoing success, it will be important to monitor factors influencing provider participation.
Art Therapy: A Literature Review of Efficacy in Improving Psychosomatic Symptoms in Patients With Cancer

A high percentage of patients with cancer receive a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or another psychological disorder. However, research evaluating the efficacy of art therapy as an intervention to alleviate these symptoms is limited. Art therapy can offer psychosomatic symptom relief among patients with cancer, but more rigorous and randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to strengthen evidence-based research supporting its clinical utility.
Metabolic compensation activates pro-survival mTORC1 signaling upon 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase inhibition in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common pediatric and adult primary malignant bone cancer. Curative regimens target the folate pathway, downstream of serine metabolism, with high-dose methotrexate. Here, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serine from glucose, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), is examined, and an inverse correlation between PHGDH expression and relapse-free and overall survival in osteosarcoma patients is found. PHGDH inhibition in osteosarcoma cell lines attenuated cellular proliferation without causing cell death, prompting a robust metabolic analysis to characterize pro-survival compensation. Using metabolomic and lipidomic profiling, cellular response to PHGDH inhibition is identified as accumulation of unsaturated lipids, branched chain amino acids, and methionine cycle intermediates, leading to activation of pro-survival mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Increased mTORC1 activation sensitizes cells to mTORC1 pathway inhibition, resulting in significant, synergistic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Identifying a therapeutic combination for PHGDH-high cancers offers preclinical justification for a dual metabolism-based combination therapy for osteosarcoma.
Robust adaptive input-output control for a class of modular robotic systems via inverse optimality theory

This paper introduces a model-based robust adaptive input-output control framework for a family of robotic systems that include under-actuation, nonholonomic, and constrained properties. The propos...
Exposure-Focused CBT Outperforms Relaxation-Based Control in an RCT of Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety.

Objective: The relative contribution of individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) components to treatment outcomes for child anxiety disorders (CADs) is unclear. Recent meta-analyses suggest th...
Electrophysiologic Mapping for Target Acquisition in Deep Brain Stimulation May Become Unnecessary in the Era of Intraoperative Imaging.

OBJECTIVE Electrophysiologic mapping (EM) has been instrumental in advancing neuroscience and ensuring accurate lead placement for deep brain stimulation. However, EM is associated with increased operative time, expense, and potential risk. Intraoperative imaging to verify lead placement provides an opportunity to reassess the clinical role of EM. We investigated whether EM 1) provides new information that corrects suboptimal preoperative target selection by the physician or 2) simply corrects intraoperative stereotactic error, which can instead be quickly corrected with intraoperative imaging. METHODS Deep brain stimulation lead location errors were evaluated by measuring whether repositioning leads based on EM directed the final lead placement 1) away from or 2) toward the original target. We retrospectively identified 50 patients with 61 leads that required repositioning directed by EM. The stereotactic coordinates of each lead were determined with intraoperative computed tomography. RESULTS In 45 of 61 leads (74%), the electrophysiologically directed repositioning moved the lead toward the initial target. The mean radial errors between the preoperative plan and targeted contact coordinates before and after repositioning were 2.2 and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). Microelectrode recording was more likely than test stimulation to direct leads toward the initial target (88% vs. 63%; P = 0.03). The nucleus targeted was associated with the likelihood of moving toward the initial target. CONCLUSIONS Electrophysiologic mapping corrected primarily for errors in lead placement rather than providing new information regarding errors in target selection. Thus, intraoperative imaging and improvements in stereotactic techniques may reduce or even eliminate dependence on EM.
Predictors of surgical complications in patients with sinonasal malignancy

Objectives Sinonasal and skull base tumors are rare, making it difficult to identify trends in surgical outcome. This study examines complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing surgery for sinonasal malignancy. Methods Following IRB approval, an institutional database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent surgery for sinonasal or skull base malignancies from 1973 to 2016 at our institution. Charlson comorbidity index score and Clavien-Dindo grade were calculated. The main study endpoint was subgroup analysis of Clavien-Dindo Grade 0, Grades 1-2, and Grades 3-5 complications. An ordinal logistic regression model was constructed to assess the association between comorbidities, demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgical complications. Results In total, 448 patients met inclusion criteria. Perioperative mortality rate at 30 days was 1.6% (n = 7). The rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo 3 or higher) was 13.6% (n = 61). Multivariate analysis using an ordinal logistic regression model showed no association between Charlson comorbidity index score and Clavien-Dindo grade of postoperative complication. Advanced T-stage was significantly associated with complications (p = 0.0014; odds ratio: 3.442 [95% confidence interval: 1.615, 7.338]). Conclusion Surgery for sinonasal and skull base tumors is safe with a low mortality rate. Advanced T-stage is associated with postoperative complications. These findings have implications for preoperative risk stratification. Key Points Surgery for sinonasal malignancy is safe with a 30 mortality of 1.6% and rate of severe complications of 12.8%. There is no association between patient comorbidity and post operative complication. On multivariate analysis, only advanced T stage was associated with increased rate of surgical complication.
Financial Constraints and Earnings Quality

Using earnings quality as a priori of financial constraints, I find higher investment-cash flow sensitivities for low earnings quality firms, and vice versa. The documented patterns are robust to different measures of earnings quality and provide a closer look at the association between earnings management and investment decisions.
Urban Regions: Ecology and Planning Beyond the City

With land planning, socioeconomics and natural systems as foundations, this book combines urban planning and ecological science in examining urban regions. Writing for graduate students, academic researchers, planners, conservationists and policy makers, and with the use of informative urban-region color maps, Richard Forman analyzes 38 urban regions from 32 nations, including London, Chicago, Ottawa, Brasilia, Cairo, Seoul, Bangkok, Canberra, and a major case study of the Greater Barcelona region. Alternative patterns of urbanization spread (including sprawl) are evaluated from the perspective of nature and people, stating land-use principles extracted from landscape ecology, transportation and hydrology. Good, bad and interesting spatial patterns for creating sustainable land mosaics are pinpointed, and urban regions are considered in broader contexts, from climate change to biodiversity loss, disasters and sense of place.
In Palo Alto

Every day I have to learn more about shame from the people in old photographs in second-hand stores, and from the people in the photographic studies of damage and grief, where the light assails a window and the figure's back is all we see?or from the very faces we never witness in these pictures, several of whom I passed today in their windows, some hesitant, some completely committed to worthlessness? or even from my own face, handed up suddenly by the car's mirror or a glass door. When I was waiting for a bus, the man beside me showed me a picture of a naked youth with an erection, and the loneliness in his face as he held this photograph was like a light waking me from the dead. I was more ashamed of it than I was of my own a few days later?just tonight, in fact? when solitude visited me on a residential street
2C Series Phenethylamine Derivative Exposures in Texas

The last several decades have seen an increase in the recreational use of designer drugs. One group of designer drugs are analogs from the 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamine drug class, also known as 2C ...
How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan

1. The political economy of skills in comparative-historical perspective 2. The evolution of skill formation in Germany 3. The evolution of skill formation in Britain 4. The evolution of skill formation in Japan and the United States 5. Evolution and change in the German system of vocational training 6. Conclusions, empirical and theoretical.
A Comparison of Goodwill Trends between Financial and Information Technology Firms

The purpose of this project is to compare the trends in goodwill between the top two most active industries in terms of mergers and acquisitions, financial and information technology firms, after FASBs 141 and 142 were released in 2001. Data was collected and analyzed from financial statements and organizational web sites. All of the information is publicly available. The outcome of this project is an analysis of the trends and effects that have resulted from the implementation of FASB 141 and 142. The project will show that goodwill levels remain constant in financial firms, while levels in information technology firms were more volatile.
How the WTO shapes the regulatory state

The World Trade Organization (WTO) arguably shapes regulatory governance in more countries to a greater extent than any other international organization. This chapter provides a new framework for assessing the broader regulatory implications of the WTO within nation states, as opposed to viewing the WTO as a form of global governance above the nation state. It first examines seven types of changes required for national law and legal practice, which affect how the state raises revenue, how the state spends it, and the principles the state applies to regulation. The chapter then assesses four broader dimensions of regulatory change catalyzed by WTO rules: (i) changes in the boundary between the market and the state (involving concomitantly market liberalization and growth of the administrative state); (ii) changes in the relative authority of institutions within the state (promoting bureaucratized and judicialized governance); (iii) changes in professional expertise engaging with state regulation (such as the role of lawyers); and (iv) changes in normative frames and accountability mechanisms for national regulation (which are trade liberal and transnational in scope). In practice, these four dimensions of change interact and build on each other. The chapter presents what we know to date and a framework for conducting further empirical study.
Alternative closures again: a comment on ‘Growth, distribution and inflation’

Marglin (1984A, B) has recently made a most valuable contribution to the study of econ omic growth and income distribution by showing that the neoclassical, neo-Keynesian and neo-Marxian approaches can be interpreted as providing alternative rules which close an underdetermined system comprising a 'production equation' and a 'price equation'. This exercise provides simple models illustrating the essence of each tradition, and allows easy comparison to be made between them. However, a problem with the exercise (of which Marglin is aware) is that those partial to particular traditions may find his reading of the essence of their approach to be inadequate. Some of those who may loosely be identified as belonging to the neo-Marxian and neo-Keynesian tradition, in particular, will find some central elements of their theories having no place in Marglin's models. Perhaps the most important concerns the possible stimulative effects of greater income equality on growth. A higher real wage could increase the level of consumption in the economy, increase effective demand, induce firms to invest more, and raise the rate of growth of the economy.1 Such a story cannot be told by Marglin's models in which the relationship between growth (measured by the rate of growth of output) and income distribution (measured by the real wage) is inverse. Criticisms of this type may imply that there may be problems inherent in Marglin's comparative method, or in the way his exercise is conducted. I shall argue that the latter is the case and suggest how it can be rectified without damaging the nature of the exercise. The problem lies in Marglin's slipping in—without acknowledgement—â strong econ omic asumption in his underdetermined model which supposedly has minimal economic
Explaining the e-government success in Estonia

This paper offers a causal explanation for the emergence of e-government in Estonia, the most outstanding exemplar in Central and Eastern Europe. The holistic analysis incorporates both the institutional framework and the role of agency in the evolution of e-government. The consideration of agency goes beyond public sector as private sector agents are seen as endogenous, not exogenous, in explaining the success of e-government. Ultimately, the development of Internet banking by private sector was fundamental in enabling the government to launch interactive online services. The findings reveal that the overall success of e-government is more dependent on broader institutional changes rather than on specific initiatives.
Technology versus humanism: how patients perceive the use of electronic health records in physicians’ offices—a qualitative study

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have the potential to improve the quality of care. In view of the accelerated adoption of EHRs, there is a need to understand conditions necessary for their effective use. Patients are the focus of healthcare and their perceptions and expectations need to be included in developing and implementing EHRs. The purpose of this study was to gather exploratory qualitative information from patients about their experiences and perceptions regarding the effects of EHRs on healthcare quality in physicians' offices. We conducted five focus groups with patients representing a random mix of diverse socio-demographic backgrounds in Oklahoma. Related to EHRs, patients reported improvements on the technical side of care but no change on the human side. They expressed concerns about the potential for breach of confidentiality and security of medical records. They were also concerned about the possibility of governmental agencies or insurance companies having unauthorized access to patient records. Patients differentiated between the human and technical sides of care and reported no change or improvement in the doctor-patient interaction. Patients have an important perspective on the use of EHRs and their perceptions and experiences should be considered in the development, adoption and implementation of EHRs. Otherwise, the use of EHRs may not be fully effective. There is also a need to educate patients about the potential benefits and risks of EHRs and the steps being taken to mitigate such risks.
Analysis of Protein Phosphatase-1 and Aurora Protein Kinase Suppressors Reveals New Aspects of Regulatory Protein Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) controls many processes in eukaryotic cells. Modulation of mitosis by reversing phosphorylation of proteins phosphorylated by aurora protein kinase is a critical function for PP1. Overexpression of the sole PP1, Glc7, in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is lethal. This work shows that lethality requires the function of Glc7 regulatory proteins Sds22, Reg2, and phosphorylated Glc8. This finding shows that Glc7 overexpression induced cell death requires a specific subset of the many Glc7-interacting proteins and therefore is likely caused by promiscuous dephosphorylation of a variety of substrates. Additionally, suppression can occur by reducing Glc7 protein levels by high-copy Fpr3 without use of its proline isomerase domain. This divulges a novel function of Fpr3. Most suppressors of GLC7 overexpression also suppress aurora protein kinase, ipl1, temperature-sensitive mutations. However, high-copy mutant SDS22 genes show reciprocal suppression of GLC7 overexpression induced cell death or ipl1 temperature sensitivity. Sds22 binds to many proteins besides Glc7. The N-terminal 25 residues of Sds22 are sufficient to bind, directly or indirectly, to seven proteins studied here including the spindle assembly checkpoint protein, Bub3. These data demonstrate that Sds22 organizes several proteins in addition to Glc7 to perform functions that counteract Ipl1 activity or lead to hyper Glc7 induced cell death. These data also emphasize that Sds22 targets Glc7 to nuclear locations distinct from Ipl1 substrates.
Oscillating bubbles in teardrop cavities for microflow control

Microstreaming generated from oscillating microbubbles has great potential in microfluidic applica- tions for localized flow control. In this study, we explore the use of teardrop-shaped cavities for trapping micro- bubbles. Upon acoustic actuation, these microbubbles confined in teardrop cavities can be utilized to generate a directional microstreaming flow. We further show that by altering the acoustic excitation frequency, a flow-switch for altering flow direction in microfluidic environments can be achieved using two oppositely arranged teardrop cavities with different sizes. In the end, we show that an array of such bubble-filled teardrop cavities can act as a fixated microfluidic transport system allowing for on-chip particle manipulation in complex flow patterns. This inexpensive method to create flows to switch and transport elements based on teardrop cavities can be widely employed for microfluidic applications such as drug delivery systems.
Perspectives on nontraditional research careers in clinical psychology.

Building on a panel presentation titled “Career opportunities for behavioral scientists: Non-academic research settings,” given at the November 2004 meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, this article presents the experiences of three clinical psychologists who have careers in nontraditional research settings. These authors focus on three issues: (a) What nontraditional career did they pursue and why? (b) What, if anything, in their training prepared them for that career? (c) What advice would they give to students and young professionals who are considering pursuing a similar type of nontraditional career option? An introduction and concluding remarks that highlight recent trends in the academic job market and themes across each authors' experience are provided by the chair of the panel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 907–921, 2006.
The Etiological Factors and Clinical Implications of Pica: Report of Case

Pica is considered an unusual hunger for and ingestion of nonfood substances. A case of pica in an otherwise apparently normal, gravida VII female is presented. Several causes involving psychological, emotional, and behavioral factors are discussed. The clinical implications of this condition for the practicing dentist are considered.
Alteration of molecular sieving properties of microporous carbons by heat treatment and carbon gasification

Abstract The effect of thermal treatment on the porosity of microporous carbons, of pore structure ranging between that of a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and an activated carbon (AC), was investigated by adsorption and diffusion of O2 and Ar. Sieving behavior was improved in the case of carbons containing molecular sieving pores. Selectivity for separation of O2 and Ar was enhanced by heat treatment of a CMS at ~1100 K. No useful molecular sieving properties were developed by the thermal treatment of an AC. Pore opening by controlled carbon gasification was also demonstrated as a method to adjust the size of the sieving pores of carbons containing an appropriate pore structure. In some cases, the net effect of carbon gasification was shrinkage of pores in a particular size range, which introduced interesting possibilities for production of highly selective CMS.
Industry perspectives on diversity research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present industry perspectives on diversity research for the hospitality industry. This piece transcribes a panel discussion at the 2010 Hospitality Industry Diversity Institute Conference.Design/methodology/approach – The panel discussion created dialogue between industry professionals and academic researchers with the goal of creating research on a variety of diversity topics that are meaningful to the hospitality industry. The variety of topics include visible tattoos in the workplace, multicultural travelers, attracting minority employees to the hospitality industry, and a general discussion of various issues central to the industry.Findings – As a result of this discussion, researchers have learned that there are potential research opportunities regarding many of the topics presented in the discussion panel. Specifically, there is an interest in research regarding consumer perceptions of visible tattoos on employees; understanding what motivates and influences...
Genome-wide linkage analysis of 160 North American families with celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disease caused by exposure to the protein gliadin in wheat, and related prolamins in barley and rye. The prevalence of the disease in the US is 1:133. The aim of this study was to identify non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci that predispose to CD. A genome-wide search of 405 microsatellite markers was performed on DNA samples from 160 families with a minimum of two cases of CD. Multipoint, parametric and non-parametric linkage (NPL) analyses were performed. Locations on chromosomes 1q, 3q, 6p, 6q, 7q, 9q and 10q showed linkage statistics (NPL scores or heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (HLOD) scores) of approximately 2.0 or larger. The greatest evidence for linkage outside of chromosome 6 was on 7q and 9q. An NPL score of 2.60 occurred at position 151.0 on 7q and a HLOD score of 2.47 occurred at position 144.8 on 9q under a recessive model. As expected, there was highly significant linkage to the HLA region on 6p, with NPL and HLOD scores exceeding 5.50. In conclusion, this genome-wide linkage analysis represents one of the largest such studies of CD. The most promising region is a putative locus on 7q, a region reported independently in previous genome-wide searches.
Wide range operation of a power unit via feedforward fuzzy control [thermal power plants]

A two-level hierarchical control scheme for wide-range operation of fossil fuel power units is presented. At the supervisory level, a fuzzy reference governor generates, according to a variable pressure operating policy, the set-point trajectories to command the unit along any load demand pattern. At the control level, a feedforward-feedback control strategy is implemented. The feedforward control path contains a set of multi-input single-output fuzzy inference systems, designed from steady-state input-output plant data. The feedback control path consists of PID controllers in a multi-loop configuration, as currently available at power units. With this strategy, the feedforward path provides most of the control signal for wide-range operation, diminishing the control effort on the PID controllers. The feedback path supplies the complementary control signal component for regulation and disturbance rejection in small neighborhoods about the commanded trajectories. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the control scheme to attain cyclic load-following operation.
Myocardial protection by nitrite

Nitrite has long been considered to be an inert oxidative metabolite of nitric oxide (NO). Recent work, however, has demonstrated that nitrite represents an important tissue storage form of NO that can be reduced to NO during ischaemic or hypoxic events. This exciting series of discoveries has created an entirely new field of research that involves the investigation of the molecular, biochemical, and physiological activities of nitrite under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological states. This has also led to a re-evaluation of the role that nitrite plays in health and disease. As a result there has been an interest in the use of nitrite as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Nitrite therapy has now been studied in several animal models and has proven to be an effective means to reduce myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. This review article will provide a brief summary of the key findings that have led to the re-evaluation of nitrite and highlight the evidence supporting the cardioprotective actions of nitrite and also highlight the potential clinical application of nitrite therapy to cardiovascular diseases.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic investigation of bacterial lipolysis in a skin pore phantom

Bacterial lipolysis of triglycerides is followed in a sebum pore phantom by microprobe surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The phantom consists of a purpose-built syringe pump operating at physiological flow rates coupled to a 300 mu m i.d. capillary. We employ silicon substrate SERS microprobes (50 mu m X 700 mu m) to monitor the lipolysis products. The silicon support allows some tip flexibility that makes these probes ideal for insertion into small structures. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) are immobilized on the inner surface of the capillary. These bacteria produce a lipase that hydrolyzes the triglycerides in a model sebum emulsion flowing through the capillary. The transformation is followed in vitro as changes in the SERS caused by lipolysis of triglyceride to free fatty acids. The acids adsorb as their carboxylates, and they can be readily identified by their characteristic spectra (carboxylate marker at ~ 1390 cm-1).
In search of referents for nouns and pronouns

In comprehending a sentence, people normally try to identify the objects, events, and states referred to by its definite noun phrases. In Experiment 1, subjects took less time comprehending a sentence when the referents of such noun phrases were mentioned one sentence back than when they were mentioned two or three sentences back. There appeared to be a discontinuity between the first and second sentences back. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that it was most likely the first clause back, not the first sentence back, that was critical. These findings suggest that, independent of other factors, the last clause processed grants the entities it mentions a privileged place in working memory. They are readily available to be referred to by nouns and pronouns.
Alumina: Catalyst and support *1, *2XXX. Dehydrogenation and skeletal isomerization of butylbenzenes over chromia-alumina catalysts

Abstract The dehydrogenation of butylbenzenes at about 490 ° was investigated over “nonacidic” chromia-alumina B and over “acidic” chromia-alumina A catalyst. Both catalysts produced the “normal” dehydrogenation products and also their skeletal isomers. The skeletally isomerized butenylbenzenes over chromia-alumina B were n -butenylbenzenes from sec -butylbenzene, sec -butenylbenzenes from n -butylbenzene and isobutenylbenzenes from tert -butylbenzene. The rearrangement can best be explained by a radical mechanism involving phenyl and/or vinyl migration. In the presence of the acidic chromia-alumina A catalyst, the product of rearrangement consisted also of isobutenylbenzenes from either sec - or n -butylbenzene and of sec -butenylbenzenes from isobutylbenzene. In the presence of the acidic catalyst tert -butylbenzene produced substantial amounts of benzene and isobutylene, while chromia-alumina B did not form products of dealkylation. The difference in the results between the two catalysts can be ascribed to the cationic reactions occurring on chromia-alumina A. Small amounts of methylindans and naphthalene and tetrahydronaphthalene were also produced.
Foreign body entrapment in the esophagus of healthy subjects--a manometric and scintigraphic study.

Foreign body entrapment and mucosal injury caused by oral medications are increasingly reported to occur in the upper esophagus in apparently normal subjects. We performed esophageal manometry in 40 normal volunteers to determine whether a unique motility pattern in the upper third of the esophagus predisposes to entrapment of foreign bodies at this site; 18 normal volunteers also had transit scintigraphy of a gelatine capsule filled with a radionuclide. The esophageal body was divided into five consecutive segments starting proximally, with each segment corresponding to 20% of the total length. Amplitude, slope, and velocity of the esophageal contraction were markedly decreased in the second segment compared with the other segments. Entrapment and dissolution of a gelatine capsule occurred in 39% of volunteers in the proximal eosphagus correlating to the second segment, i.e., the segment with the lowest amplitude, slope, and velocity of esophageal contractions. The observation that wet swallows have greater amplitudes (P<0.01) and steeper slopes (P<0.05) than dry swallows explains why the occurrence of pill entrapment was reduced when taken with sufficient water. However, even with a water chaser of 120 mL, pill entrapment occurred at the second segment of the esophagus in 1 of 18 volunteers. The observed motility pattern in the proximal eosphagus provides a better explanation for the entrapment of foreign bodies at this site than compression of the esophagus by the left main stem bronchus, aortic arch, or left atrium as suggested by other investigators.
Squeezed-state generation via forward degenerate four-wave mixing

Degenerate four-wave mixing has been suggested as a possible generation scheme for squeezed-state light. A recent analysis of the quantum effects of probe-conjugate loss in backward degenerate four-wave mixing has shown that such loss puts an absolute limit on the squeezing that can be obtained via this generation scheme. In this Rapid Communication we show that it is the counter-propagating beam geometry of backward degenerate four-wave mixing that makes it ill suited for squeezed-state generation. On the other hand, the nominally copropagating beam geometry of forward degenerate four-wave mixing is shown to alleviate the absolute probe-conjugate loss limit on squeezing.
The Berth Allocation Problem: Optimizing Vessel Arrival Time

The berth scheduling problem deals with the assignment of vessels to berths in a marine terminal, with the objective to maximize the ocean carriers’ satisfaction (minimize delays) and/or minimize the terminal operator's costs. In the existing literature, two main assumptions are made regarding the status of a vessel: (a) either all vessels to be served are already in the port before the planning period starts, or (b) they are scheduled to arrive after the planning period starts. The latter case assumes an expected time of arrival for each vessel, which is a function of the departure time of the vessel from the previous port, the average operating speed and the distance between the two ports. Recent increases in fuel prices have forced ocean carriers to reduce current operating speeds, while stressing to terminal operators the need to maintain the integrity of their schedule. In addition, several collaborative efforts between industry and government agencies have been proposed, aiming to reduce emissions from marine vessels and port operations. In light of these issues, this article presents a berth-scheduling policy to minimize vessel delayed departures and indirectly reduce fuel consumption and emissions produced by the vessels while in idle mode. Vessel arrival times are considered as a variable and are optimized to accommodate the objectives of the proposed policy while providing ocean carriers with an optimized vessel speed. Example problems using real data show that the proposed policy reduces the amount of emissions produced by vessels at the port in idle mode, optimizes fuel consumption and waiting time at the port by reducing vessel operating speeds to optimal levels and minimizes the effects of late arrivals to the ocean carriers’ schedule.
Nursing education in the Czech Republic

Summary The report is focused on the transformation process in pregraduate education of nurses in the Czech Republic. The all-society changes taking place in the last decades of the 20th century have opened the way for implementation of changes in the Czech nursing as well. Nursing is becoming an independent scientific discipline, the role of the nurses and their position in the society are changing and the professional preparation is gradually shifting to colleges and universities. After 15 years of effort to implement the planned transformation changes in nursing education, the Czech Republic’s joining of the European Union has helped us. In connection with fulfillment of Bologna declaration, Master study in nursing has been gradually developing in education of nurses in the Czech Republic as well. In order to create a structured study in nursing according to the above mentioned declaration, a postgraduate doctor program must be implemented too. The implementation of all types of university education of nurses is very important and it will positively contribute to the development of nursing in our republic as a full-bodied scientific discipline and to the creation of its high-quality scientific-research base.
Development of a tomato load/yield monitor

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a load/yield monitor for mounting on a processing tomato harvester. A continuous mass flow-ype yield-ensing device equipped with load cells and a vibration-resistant angle transducer along with a differential global positioning system (DGPS) was developed to collect spatially variable yield data in real-time. Both analog and digital signal processing were employed to maximise the accuracy of data acquisition. The yield monitoring system was calibrated, validated, and tested during the 1997 harvesting season. The coefficient of determination, r2, between the actual fruit weight and the yield monitor prediction was 0.997. The system was then used to measure yield variability and produce yield maps. There were significant spatial variations in processing tomato yield. The lowest 20% yielding area within a field produced less than half the tomatoes compared to the highest 20% yielding area within the same field.
Structurally equivalent stories in movie and text and the effect of the medium on recall.

A technique was devised for constructing a text story which subjects agreed matched the dialogueless movie The Red Balloon in episodic structure. It relied partly on subjects judging where episodes and their components—exposition, complication, and resolution—were located in the stories. Text judgments were made using copies of the text; movie judgments utilized a 588-photo flip book made from movie frames. The stories were structurally equivalent: they each contained 14 episodes, and subjects agreed that structural boundaries in one story mapped to precise locations in the other story. In cued recall, with medium (movie versus text) and delay (zero versus 7-day) as variables, recall of structural statements was very similar in both media but deteriorated faster for text subjects. Differences in content in movie and text recall protocols were discussed in terms of several factors, including differential world knowledge influence.
Bilateral occipital epidural hematomas

Two cases of bilateral occipital epidural hematoma are presented. Clinical findings, results of angiography and computed tomography, and operative management are discussed.
Computing with Spin-Transfer-Torque Devices: Prospects and Perspectives

In this paper we discuss the potential of emerging spin-torque devices for computing applications. Recent proposals for spin-based computing schemes may be differentiated as all-spin? vs. hybrid, programmable vs. fixed, and, Boolean vs. non-Boolean. All-spin logic-styles may offer high area-density due to small form-factor of nano-magnetic devices. However, circuit and system-level design techniques need to be explored that leaverage the specific spin-device characterisitcs to achieve energy-efficiency, performance and reliability comparable to those of CMOS. The non-volatility of nano-magnets can be exploited in the design of energy and area-efficient programmable logic. In such logic-styles, spin-devices may play the dual-role of computing as well as memory-elements that provide field-programmability. Spin-based threshold logic design is presented as an example. Emerging spintronic phenomena may lead to ultra-low-voltage, current-mode, spin-torque switches that can offer attractive computing capabilities, beyond digital switches. Such devices may be suitable for non-Boolean data-processing applications which involve analog processing leading to highly energy-efficient information processing hardware for applicatons like pattern-matching, neuromorphic-computing, image-processing and data-conversion. Towards the end, we discuss the possibility of applying emerging spin-torque switches in the design of energy-efficient global interconnects, for future chip multiprocessors.
Oxidative protection of carbon fibers with poly(carborane–siloxane–acetylene)

Abstract Linear carborane–siloxane–acetylenic polymers have been synthesized as precursor materials for thermosets and ceramics for composite applications up to 500 and 1500°C, respectively, in an oxidizing environment. The novel linear polymers have the advantage of being extremely easy to process and convert into thermosets or ceramics since they are either liquids at room temperature or low melting solids and are soluble in most organic solvents. Carbon fibers coated with poly(carborane–siloxane–acetylene) forms a protective barrier against oxidation at elevated temperatures. The novel polymer when used as a matrix material (ceramic) was found to protect the carbon fibers from oxidative breakdown. Boron appears to be the key to the unique oxidative stability of the composite compositions. Oxidative studies were performed by thermogravimetric analyses.
Strategic Communication during Marital Relationship Dissolution: Disengagement Resistance Strategies

This study investigated the communication strategies used by divorced individuals who did not wish their marriages to end (non-initiators). Participants were 270 divorced persons drawn from divorce recovery and support groups as well as network sampling. An adaptation of Buss's (1988) taxonomy of partner retention tactics served to capture the communication strategies of non-initiators during marital dissolution. A factor analysis revealed that four disengagement resistance strategies—commitment, alignment, negativity, and harm—are used by non-initiators during the process of marital dissolution.
Secular Fluctuations of Seasonal Precipitation in Lowland California

Abstract Seasonal precipitation series from lowland California (1872–1971) are investigated for trends and fluctuations by various statistical techniques including power spectrum. Linear regression and orthogonal polynomials indicate no significant trend over the past 100 years taken as a whole, except at two stations. Overlapping means show shorter period trends, that are oscillatory, consisting of periods of 10–15 and 30 years. There were no statistically significant differences between the whole period and 30-year normals. However, shorter periods of 10–20 years showed significant differences. The 19th century portion of the record was wetter than the 20th century portion at some stations but drier at others. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The 1941–70 “normal” was found to be abnormal with respect to preceding non-overlapping 30-year periods. Spectral analyses show significant oscillations in winter–spring precipitation with periods of 25–26 months at the majority of coast...
Immobilized radicals. IV. Biological semiquinone anions and neutral semiquinones

Abstract The semiquinone anion and neutral semiquinone radicals of benzoquinone, vitamin K-1, ubiquinone and plastoquinone were generated in both protic and aprotic solvents and frozen to produce immobilized spectra. The linewidths of the neutral semiquinones were always much larger than those of the corresponding anion radicals. Furthermore, the spectra of the neutral radicals often exhibit fine structure. When compared with in vivo spectra of semiquinones, these model systems suggest that the ubisemiquinone anion radical observed in photosynthetic bacteria can exist in either a protic or aprotic environment. There is also the implication that Signal II in chloroplasts may be a plastosemiquinone radical with a spin distribution similar to that of the neutral radical.
Detection of glutathione S-transferase isozymes after electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels

Abstract A procedure for the rapid identification of glutathione S-transferase isozymes from rat liver in polyacrylamide gels is described. The isozymes are separated by electrofocusing and then identified by bathing the gels in a solution containing substrates and scanning the gels at the appropriate wavelength for the appearance of product. Increase in absorbance as a function of time delineates areas containing enzyme from artifacts within the gel. This technique should be useful for the identification of isozymes of glutathione S-transferase in other tissues and also other species. Also, the technique provides for rapid confirmation of homogeneity of the isozymes of glutathione S-transferase.
Alcohol-hexobarbital interaction in rats under acute stress.

Abstract In male Sprague-Dawley rats, one hour stress (unilateral hindleg ligature) and 3 g/kg ethanol (oral intubation) in combination inhibited in vitro liver hexobarbital (HB) metabolism to a greater extent than either treatment alone. These treatments produced analogous effects on plasma HB disappearance in vivo . Ethanol alone or in combination with stress also increased HB sleep time. But stress alone or with ethanol reduced the HB sleep time, results which suggest that sleep time is not a reliable index of metabolism in stressed rats. This study shows that the effects of acute stress and alcohol on HB metabolism are additive.
Visual Experience and Deprivation Bidirectionally Modify the Composition and Function of NMDA Receptors in Visual Cortex

The receptive fields of visual cortical neurons are bidirectionally modified by sensory deprivation and experience, but the synaptic basis for these changes is unknown. Here we demonstrate bidirectional, experience-dependent regulation of the composition and function of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in visual cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal cells of young rats. Visual experience decreases the proportion of NR2B-only receptors, shortens the duration of NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents, and reduces summation of synaptic NMDAR currents during bursts of high-frequency stimulation. Visual deprivation exerts an opposite effect. Although the effects of experience and deprivation are reversible, the rates of synaptic modification vary. Experience can induce a detectable change in synaptic transmission within hours, while deprivation-induced changes take days. We suggest that experience-dependent changes in NMDAR composition and function regulate the development of receptive field organization in visual cortex.