cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality on Cardiac Arrest Outcome A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background- Evidence has accrued that cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality affects cardiac arrest outcome. However, the relative contributions of chest compression components (such as rate and depth) to successful resuscitation remain unclear. Methods and Results- We sought to measure the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality on cardiac arrest outcome through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for any clinical study assessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance on adult cardiac arrest patients in which survival was a reported outcome, either return of spontaneous circulation or survival to admission or discharge. Of 603 identified abstracts, 10 studies met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were reported as mean differences. Missing data were resolved by author contact. Estimates were segregated by cardiopulmonary resuscitation metric (chest compression rate, depth, no-flow fraction, and ventilation rate), and a random-effects model was applied to estimate an overall pooled effect. Arrest survivors were significantly more likely to have received deeper chest compressions than nonsurvivors (mean difference, 2.44 mm; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.69 [P 0.2). No significant difference in no-flow fraction (n=7 studies) or ventilation rate (n=4 studies) was detected between survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusions- Deeper chest compressions and rates closer to 85 to 100 cpm are significantly associated with improved survival from cardiac arrest.
“Americans and Their Guns”: Civilian Military Organizations and the Destabilization of American National Security

“The Second Amendment is there as a balance of power. It is literally a loaded gun in the hands of the people held to the heads of government.” —NRA field representative Fred Romero, 1990 The right to bear arms is one of the most controversial issues in United States history; it has always been so, though not for the reasons usually cited by contemporaries. It has been customary since at least the late nineteenth century to view military organizations as an extension of the legitimate authority of the state (except in case of unsanctioned resistance). The American experience, however, gives lie to the assumption that there is a clean analytical divide between state and civil society when it comes to military matters.
Anaphylaxis in children: a 5-year experience.

Objectives. To identify the causative agents, presenting signs and symptoms, and course of disease in children diagnosed with anaphylaxis. Design. Five-year retrospective chart review. Setting. Urban children’s hospital pediatric emergency department, operating suite, and inpatient units. Participants. Fifty-five cases of anaphylaxis in 50 patients 1 to 19 years of age. Interventions. None. Results. The most common inciting agents in this population were latex (27%), food (25%), drugs (16%), and venoms (15%). Thirty-two cases (58%) occurred outside of the hospital, including 3 of 11 severe cases. Nineteen (35%) had histories of prior allergy to the causative agent. Most agent exposures were intravenous (38%), oral (27%), or dermal (20%). The most common systems involved were respiratory (93%), skin (93%), cardiovascular (26%), and neurologic (26%). Features distinguishing the 11 patients requiring intensive care included latex agents (45%), nonenteral route of exposure (91%), and presence of cardiovascular symptoms (45%). Of the 17 patients with known past anaphylaxis, only 5 had epinephrine self-administration devices available, and 3 had used them. Conclusions. (1) Most patients with anaphylaxis present with skin or respiratory symptoms. (2) Severely ill children more commonly have nonenteral and/or latex exposures that occur in the hospital. (3) Most children with anaphylaxis have no stated histories of prior reaction to the causative agent. (4) Those patients who have had past episodes of anaphylaxis infrequently have epinephrine self-administration devices available for use. anaphylaxis, allergy, latex.
Checkpoints couple transcription network oscillator dynamics to cell-cycle progression

The coupling of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) to an intrinsically oscillating network of transcription factors has been proposed to control progression through the cell cycle in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The transcription network regulates the temporal expression of many genes, including cyclins, and drives cell-cycle progression, in part, by generating successive waves of distinct CDK activities that trigger the ordered program of cell-cycle events. Network oscillations continue autonomously in mutant cells arrested by depletion of CDK activities, suggesting the oscillator can be uncoupled from cell-cycle progression. It is not clear what mechanisms, if any, ensure that the network oscillator is restrained when progression in normal cells is delayed or arrested. A recent proposal suggests CDK acts as a master regulator of cell-cycle processes that have the potential for autonomous oscillatory behavior. Here we find that mitotic CDK is not sufficient for fully inhibiting transcript oscillations in arrested cells. We do find that activation of the DNA replication and spindle assembly checkpoints can fully arrest the network oscillator via overlapping but distinct mechanisms. Further, we demonstrate that the DNA replication checkpoint effector protein, Rad53, acts to arrest a portion of transcript oscillations in addition to its role in halting cell-cycle progression. Our findings indicate that checkpoint mechanisms, likely via phosphorylation of network transcription factors, maintain coupling of the network oscillator to progression during cell-cycle arrest.
Differentiating Performance Approach Goals and Their Unique Effects

The study differentiates between two types of performance approach goals (competence demonstration performance approach goal and normative performance approach goal) by examining their unique effects on self-efficacy, interest, and fear of failure. Seventy-nine students completed questionnaires that measure performance approach goals, self-efficacy, interest, and fear of failure. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to examine effects of each performance approach goal on the outcomes. Normative performance approach goal had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy and interest, but had no effect on fear of failure. In contrast, competence demonstration performance approach goal had a significant positive effect on fear of failure, but was not related to self-efficacy and interest. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Satisfaction with Cognitive Rehabilitation Delivered via the Internet in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury

We examined the level of satisfaction with cognitive rehabilitation delivered via the Internet in persons with moderate to severe acquired brain injury (ABI). Fifteen adults with moderate to severe ABI were randomized to 30 days of Internet-based active treatment (AT) or to a wait list (WL) group, and crossed over to the opposite condition after 30 sessions. Both caregivers and participants were assessed at three time points during the study. This study focused on participant satisfaction with receiving treatment in this manner. Though the results of this study showed no significant treatment effect, the vast majority of participants (>87%) were satisfied with treatment. Treatment satisfaction accounted for 25% of additional variance in predicting lower family ratings of mood difficulties after final assessment (p<.03). Greater satisfaction with treatment was positively correlated with greater employment rate after treatment (r=.63, p=.02), as well as lower family ratings of memory and mood difficulties after final assessment (r=-.59, p=.03; r=-.58, p=.03,). Results suggest that treatment satisfaction in persons with ABI is related to less activity limitations, and maintaining employment after cognitive rehabilitation delivered via the Internet.
A platform for implantable medical device validation

Designing bug-free medical device software is difficult, especially in complex implantable devices that may be used in unanticipated contexts. In the 20-year period from 1985 to 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Maude database records almost 30,000 deaths and almost 600,000 injuries from device failures [8]. There is currently no formal methodology or open experimental platform to validate and verify the correct operation of medical device software. To this effect, a real-time Virtual Heart Model (VHM) has been developed to model the electrophysiological operation of the functioning (i.e. during normal sinus rhythm) and malfunctioning (i.e. during arrhythmia) heart. We present a methodology to extract timing properties of the heart to construct a timed-automata model. The platform exposes functional and formal interfaces for validation and verification of implantable cardiac devices. We demonstrate the VHM is capable of generating clinically-relevant response to intrinsic (i.e. premature stimuli) and external (i.e. artificial pacemaker) signals for a variety of common arrhythmias. By connecting the VHM with a pacemaker model, we are able to pace and synchronize the heart during the onset of irregular heart rhythms. The VHM has been implemented on a hardware platform for closed-loop experimentation with existing and virtual medical devices. The VHM allows for exploratory electrophysiology studies for physicians to evaluate their diagnosis and determine the appropriate device therapy. This integrated functional and formal device design approach will potentially help expedite medical device certification for safer operation.
Vocational Psychology: Using One of Counseling Psychology's Strengths to Foster Human Strength

At several points in the history of their field, counseling psychologists have emphasized that fostering human strengths is part of their mission. Vocational psychology is an area of counseling psychology that has focused consistently on human strengths. In keeping with the Major Contribution's theme, this article examines the following: (a) theoretical models and constructs of vocational development and processes; (b) empirical research on positive functioning in the vocational domain; (c) the actual and potential impact on research, practice, and training of vocational psychology's focus on positive human functioning; and (d) how vocational psychology fits within the person-environment interaction (PEX) framework, with particular attention given to expanding exploration and assessment of PEX's “person” component.
Ultrafine particle removal and generation by portable air cleaners

Abstract Portable air cleaners can both remove and generate pollutants indoors. To investigate these phenomena, we conducted a two-phase investigation in a 14.75 m3 stainless steel chamber. In the first phase, particle size-resolved (12.6–514 nm diameter) clean air delivery rates (CADR) and efficiencies were determined, as were ozone emission rates, for two high-efficiency particle arresting (HEPA) filters, one electrostatic precipitator with a fan, and two ion generators without fans. The two HEPA air cleaners had count average CADR (standard deviation) of 188 (30) and 324 (44) m3 h−1; the electrostatic precipitator 284 (62) m3 h−1; and the two ion generators 41 (11) and 35 (13) m3 h−1. The electrostatic precipitator emitted ozone at a rate of 3.8±0.2 mg h−1, and the two ion generators 3.3±0.2 and 4.3±0.2 mg h−1. Ozone initiates reactions with certain unsaturated organic compounds that produce ultrafine and fine particles, carbonyls, other oxidized products, and free radicals. During the second phase, five different ion generators were operated separately in the presence of a plug-in liquid or solid air freshener, representing a strong terpene source. For air exchange rates of between 0.49 and 0.96 h−1, three ion generators acted as steady-state net particle generators in the entire measured range of 4.61–157 nm, and two generated particles in the range of approximately 10 to 39–55 nm. Terpene and aldehyde concentrations were also sampled for one ion generator, and concentrations of terpenes decreased and formaldehyde increased. Given these results, the pollutant removal benefits of ozone-generating air cleaners may be outweighed by the generation of indoor pollution.
Variations in Latino Parenting Practices and Their Effects on Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes

This research examines variations in parenting and its effects on child cognitive outcomes across Latino subgroups from a national sampling that utilized a subset of 995 former Head Start Latino parents and children. Comparisons of the Parenting Dimension Inventory scaled scores revealed Latino subgroup differences on nurturance and consistency. Puerto Rican parental caregivers scored higher on nurturance and consistency than Mexican Americans and El Salvadorans. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed a positive relationship between responsiveness to child inputs and higher academic achievement scores for each Latino subgroup. Examination of the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Achievement also revealed a main effect of Latino subgroup differences. Findings suggest that there exist intracultural variations in parenting and academic achievement within the Latino population and confirm previous findings that parenting is related to positive child cognitive outcomes.
On expanding maps and topological conjugacy

This paper deals with expanding maps on compact spaces and the applicability of Banach's fixed point theorem to the conjugacy problem. We provide a criterion for a smooth map on a manifold to be expanding on a compact invariant set. In general, this criterion is only sufficient but not necessary. But in two important cases, expanding maps on the circle and hyperbolic rational maps on the Riemann sphere, we prove equivalence. Furthermore, we provide a similar criterion for an interval map to be piecewise expanding, and for two interval maps to be conjugate. As an example we use our expansiveness criterion to give a short and simple proof of hyperbolicity for the logistic maps with parameter α>4. Moreover, we prove that the logistic maps and a special tent map are conjugate, and show piecewise conjugacy for another family of unimodal maps.
COLONY STRUCTURE OF A SLAVEMAKING ANT. I. INTRACOLONY RELATEDNESS, WORKER REPRODUCTION, AND POLYDOMY

Colony and population structure of the obligate slavemaker ant Protomognathus americanus was analyzed via four nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. Colonies of P. americanus usually contain a single queen, and here we show that she is singly inseminated. Nestmate workers are generally full sisters and their relatedness does not deviate from the expected value of 0.75. Even though colonies were strictly monogynous, we were able to infer that colony takeover by related queens was common and queen replacement by unrelated queens was rare. Polydomy is widespread, with neighboring nests having the same genetic composition. Although we found no evidence of population viscosity or inbreeding from nuclear markers, mtDNA markers provided evidence for small-scale genetic structuring. Haplotype structuring and takeover by related queens suggest philopatry of newly mated queens. In this species, workers reproduce in queenright and queenless nests and worker reproduction accounts for more than 70% of all males. Although sex-ratio theory points to slavemaking ants as important systems for studying queen-worker conflict, our results indicate no basis for such conflict in P. americanus, because extensive worker reproduction generates shifts in relatedness values. Rather, the dual effects of independent polydomous nest units and local resource competition among queens produce male-biased allocation ratios in this species.
The Ethical Perceptions of Two-Year College Students in Business Situations Compared to Academic Situations

Since today's college students will be the decision makers of tomorrow, it is worthwhile to examine their current attitudes toward cheating from both academic and business perspectives. This study statistically analyzes two-year college students' attitudes toward cheating via a survey containing academic and business situations that the students evaluated on a seven point scale from unethical to ethical. When both the general questions concerning attitudes about cheating and the opinions on the ethical statements are considered, the business students were generally more unethical in their behavior and attitudes than nonbusiness majors. In particular, business majors are found to have a statistically higher incidence of collegiate cheating and are more prone to consider cheating socially acceptable. These results indicate a need for more ethical exposure in business courses to help students distinguish ethical from unethical decisions.
Mustering the Missing Voices: A Collaborative Model for Fostering Equality, Community Involvement and Adaptive Planning in Land Use Decisions, Installment One

This paper is the second half of a two-part article on negotiated land use regulation. Following up on the first installment's detailed critique of the shortcomings that pervade the traditional command-and-control and prevailing bilateral negotiation models of land use regulation, this second installment advances a collaborative model of agreement-based land use regulation that proposes reshaping modern land use and development to address the theoretical and practical failures of existing approaches. The proposed model seeks to cultivate improved land use regulatory processes and local democratic institutions through: nurturing agreement processes that are open, promote participation and oriented toward problem-solving; fostering agreements that allow for adaptability and aggregate accountability by providing for shared community implementation or monitoring of agreements; and positioning the land use planning professional as a community organizer, information gatherer and distributor, and facilitator of effective comprehensive planning, rather than the heretofore common but inappropriate roles of diviner of the public interest or agreement negotiator. The model ultimately seeks to foster local experimentation with various modes and amounts of public participation in order to nurture the active, sustained involvement on which the legitimacy of local land use regulation fundamentally relies. The paper also discusses a number of potential challenges to the development of collaborative land use decision-making processes, arguing that despite these concerns, the proposed collaborative model has considerable promise in the local land use domain. In particular, the paper contends that some of the principal criticisms of collaborative processes initiated in the administrative law realm - including the practicability of multilateral dispute resolution and the diminished reliance on governmental expertise - may actually be strengths in local land use regulation. The paper thus calls for the incorporation of additional collaborative characteristics into local land use processes, both as a necessary response to existing, biased regulatory approaches and as a welcome return to fostering community participation as an essential source of legitimacy for local government decision-making.
IS X-RAY DIFFRACTION A NOVEL METHOD FOR STRUCTURES?

Abstract Recent advances in X-ray diffraction methods have greatly extended its power, shortened the time of structure determination, and made the method available to the non-specialist. Automated computer programs for algebraic methods have become more powerful and easier to use. Solutions of small structures, up to 50 or so first row atoms, are almost routine in a few days if a heavier atom is also present, but can be difficult if only first row elements and hydrogen are present. Known molecular fragments greatly aid the structure solution, and can be used with heavy atom derivatives, or sometimes without, to solve and refine very large structures, such as proteins. This advance is particularly useful when non-crystallographic symmetry is present. The multiple isomorphous replacement method of Bijvoet is still the most powerful and widely used method for very large structures. The image reconstruction method has yielded even larger structures, although not at atomic resolution. The future brings precise electron densities, low temperature studies of biological processes, and great increases in power, accuracy and speed with the use of area counters, synchotron radiation and advances in computing programs and facilities.
Analysis of Actuation Authorities Induced by Photostrictive Actuators on a Curved Beam

‡In this study, an analytical model is developed to evaluate the actuation authorities by the surface-bonded photostrictive actuators on a curved beam. This revolutionary class of distributed actuators is based on the photovoltaic, converse piezoelectric, and pyroelectric effects, and activated by the incident light. A simply supported flexible curved beam laminated with a pair of photostrictive actuators is proposed. The governing equations of motion are derived. The mathematical model for estimating the actuator-induced force and moment are presented. The formulations of distributed actuation forces with their contributing membrane and bending control components are also derived. Parametric studies are performed to examine the effect of various parameters ‐ actuator thickness, beam thickness and curvature radius ‐ on the actuation authorities. This study contributes to the understanding of photostrictive actuators on flexible curved structures.
Central venous access by trainees: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of simulation to improve success rate on patients.

IntroductionSimulation training for invasive procedures may improve patient safety by enabling efficient training. This study is a meta-analysis with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria designed to assess the real patient procedural success of simulation training for central venous access.Meth
Block Copolymer Crosslinked Nanoassemblies Co-Entrapping Acridine Yellow and Doxorubicin for Cancer Theranostics

Aims: To develop block copolymer crosslinked nanoassemblies (CNAs) that co-entrap an imaging dye (Acridine Yellow: AY) and therapeutic agent (doxorubicin: DOX) as novel nanoparticle drug carriers for a combined application of drug delivery-based therapy and diagnostic imaging technologies (theranostics). Study Design: Physicochemical properties of AY-CNAs, such as molecular weight, particle size, surface charge, drug entrapment yield, and drug release profiles, were characterized prior to determining intracellular uptake profile, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo tissue distribution patterns of the particles. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (University of Kentucky), between June 2012 and January 2013. Methodology: The AY-crosslinked CNAs (CNAs) were synthesized from biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartate) block copolymers by using AY as a crosslinker while DOX was physically entrapped in the particle through an ionic interaction. AY-CNAs and AY-CNAs with DOX were characterized to determine their particle properties (molecular weight, size, and optical properties), intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity in an in vitro cell culture system using human colon HT29 and lung A549 cancer cell lines, and tissue accumulation and tumor-preferential drug delivery efficiency ex vivo with a xenograft Research Article British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(4): 523-535, 2013 524 mouse tumor model. Results: AY-CNAs maintained nanoscale particle sizes (< 20 nm), fluorescence optical properties, and negative surface charge before and after drug entrapment. AY-CNAs with DOX were confirmed to kill cancer cells as effectively as free drug formulations, and to enhance intracellular uptake in vitro and tumor accumulation ex vivo. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that block copolymer nanoassemblies crosslinked with an imaging dye are promising platforms for the development of theranostic nanoparticle drug carriers.
A review of the aggressive management of abortion

Abstract 1. A series of patients with incomplete abortion at the University of Arkansas Medical Center has been studied. 2. Two methods of management have been compared: 148 patients treated in 1950 and 1951 by the time-honored conservative or medical method, and 152 patients treated in 1956–1957 by an aggresisve combination of the prompt use of antibiotics and oxytocics, followed by mechanical emptying of the uterus (within 24 hours). 3. The aggressive clinical program resulted in diminished blood loss, decreased incidence of sepsis, and decreased length of hospitalization.
Implicit Feedback and Document Filtering for Retrieval Over Query Sessions.

We used the same Indri index of ClueWeb09 that we built and used for last year’s TREC submissions [1]. All of our queries use the Indri query language. When we did not use feedback, we used a simple keyword query, resulting in scoring by a Dirichlet-smoothed language model. When we did use feedback, we used a weighted combination of the original query and weighted expansion terms derived from the feedback documents. An example is: #weight(0.8 #combine(peace corp application) 0.2 #weight(0.055 corps 0.054 peace 0.051 volunteer 0.037 peacecorp 0.035 kennedy 0.031 benefit 0.030 application 0.029 president 0.028 info )) 2.1 Implicit feedback
Cleavings: Critical Losses in the Politics of Gain

Many of Emily Dickinson's best known poems deal with the loss of sight, based on her own experiences with temporary blindness in the mid 1860s, but they are less about the absence of sight than about how she experiences the limits of consciousness: "I could not see to see." She probed the loss of sensation for what it could teach her about what is most familiar—and thus invisible. Using poems by Emily Dickinson and recent work in cultural and queer theory, this essay explores the fine line between "gain" and "loss" in disability studies. Using the author's experience of sudden hearing loss, "Cleavings" argues that recent claims for "deaf gain" have vaunted possibilities of cultural inclusiveness to the exclusion of affective realms of frustration, loss, and failure that are seldom acknowledged experiences of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. While endorsing the general thrust of deaf gain and its implications for the larger context of disability, "Cleavings" argues for a more critical understanding of loss in the politics of gain.
Major Motility Abnormality (MMA): A Needed But Unusual Category of Esophageal Dysmotiliy

Background: A small group of patients with esophageal motility abnormalities including achalasia are difficult to diagnose definitely with esophageal manometry. In our laboratory we invoke the term “major motility abnormality” (MMA) to incorporate diagnosis of two motility disorders with overlapping features, while conveying a message to the referring physician that the manometry is definitely abnormal. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of barium esophagram (BE) as the next step in helping to sort out the diagnosis in this group of patients. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of high resolution manometry (HRM) studies performed in our laboratory over 27 months from Aug 2012-Oct 2014 to identify the eventual diagnosis of patients with MMA, with special interest in those who have achalasia as one of the potential diagnosesonmanometry. BE interpretation was performed by a single radiologist blinded from manometry results. Criteria used to exclude achalasia were presence of primary peristalsis, esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) diameter greater than 12.5 mm to exclude a typical “bird beak”, and esophageal dilatation. Results: 68 of 1971 (3.4%) patients seen in our Esophageal Disorders clinic were diagnosed asMMA by HRM;29/68 (42.6%) had achalasia as a potential manometric diagnosis. BE interpretation was felt to exclude achalasia in 25/29 (86%) of these patients. 14/29 had features of achalasia and Ineffective Esophageal Manometry (IEM); BE was felt to rule out achalasia in all of them (100%). 11/29 had features of achalasia and distal esophageal spasm (DES); BE showed no achalasia in 8/11 (72%). 4/29 had features of achalasia and scleroderma; BE excluded achalasia in 3/4(75%). Conclusion: MMA is an unusual motility diagnosis we find helpful when HRM is confusing. We believe that BE is an important complementary diagnostic test to rule out achalasia in patients with an ambiguous manometry study finding of MMA. Do not forget the BE!!
Three Unified Formulations

Chapter 3 argued that instrumental rationality requires responding to the problem of possible future selves by way of the following principle: The Categorical-Instrumental Imperative: voluntarily aim for its own sake, in every relevant action, to best satisfy the motivational interests it is instrumentally rational for one’s present and every possible future self to universally agree upon given their voluntary, involuntary, and semivoluntary interests and co-recognition of the problem of possible future selves, where relevant actions are determined recursively as actions it is instrumentally rational for one’s present and possible future selves to universally agree upon as such when confronted by the problem — and then, when the future comes, voluntarily choose your having acted as such.
Adoption and Implementation of Equal Employment Policies in Four Countries

The incentives for EU membership provided CEE countries with an excellent opportunity to improve women’s status in the society through the adoption and implementation of a more evolved form of policy, promoting women’s equal pay and equal treatment in employment. While the countries had to generally abide by the EU conditions and adopt the legislative measures, the specific content and, furthermore, the implementation of the adopted laws were less uniform. As with any other policy process, the institutions and actors are the ones to enable the appropriate adoption and to initiate efforts for implementation. It is clear that policies are almost never self-executing (Matland 1995). Far-reaching policies are useless if they remain words on paper (Van der Vleuten 2005: 23). Even in the context of EU-driven gender equality policies, the vagueness of the accession conditions left a lot of room for particular interpretation (Papadimitriou and Phinnemore 2004). Furthermore, the nature of the accession process, where the EU had not previously opened its door to ten additional members all at once, made it difficult to have all institutional and policy templates ready for CEE countries to upload (Grabbe 2006: 90). In addition, gender scholars have approached the topic of Europeanization of gender equality policy with a lot of caution, arguing that the EU was more concerned with economic alignment than with social justice issues such as gender equality or citizenship (Einhorn 2006: 23). In this chapter we scrutinize the content of the laws adopted in addition to evaluating the implementation efforts on the part of domestic governments to determine which cases were more successful in establishing legal provisions that had the potential to produce successful outputs in the society.
Analysis of risk factors associated with unplanned reoperations following pediatric plastic surgery

Summary Background/purpose Unplanned reoperation (UR) is an outcome measure with multiple advantages that can be used as a standardized tool to assess an institution's quality and safety of medical care. This study aimed to identify parameters associated with an increased likelihood of UR following plastic surgery in patients less than 18 years of age by using a large validated national multicenter database. Methods/description We performed a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Pediatric database between 2012 and 2014 to identify pediatric patients undergoing primary plastic surgery procedures. Two cohorts were compared: patients who experienced UR and those who did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with UR. Results A total of 18,106 patients were identified in this analysis, with an overall UR rate of 0.8% (n = 137) within 30 days after surgery. Patients were on average 5.59 ± 5.27 years of age with 9522 boys (52.6%) and 8584 girls (47.4%). The procedures most commonly associated with UR were excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue for hidradenitis (UR = 10.3%), forehead, and/or supraorbital rim reconstruction with grafts (allograft or prosthetic material, UR = 6.1%), use of multiplane external fixators (UR = 5.6%), mastectomy for gynecomastia (UR = 4.4%), and forehead and/or supraorbital rim reconstruction with autograft (3.3%). The average number of relative value units per case was 10.01 ± 7.91. Independent risk factors for UR include inpatient procedure ( p p = 0.03), prolonged operative time ( p p = 0.05). The most significant predictors of UR were postoperative medical and surgical complications (OR, 18.92 and 39.98, respectively, p Conclusions With increasing focus on outcomes-driven healthcare, unplanned reoperation may be useful for monitoring quality across hospitals and identifying opportunities for quality improvement. This study provides the first analysis of risk factors associated with 30-day unplanned reoperations in pediatric plastic surgery. These results may aid in the informed consent process, improve patient risk assessment, counseling, and surgical planning.
EM coupling analysis between windscreen antennas and power cables in electric vehicles

The electromagnetic coupling between power cables and windscreen antennas installed in electric cars is estimated using the cable analysis methods. Two methods (MTL and combined MoM/MTL) for cable coupling analysis are discussed in terms of theoretical background and validated with the radiation configuration of a simple cable. To observe the EMI of the radiated power from power cables, the windscreen antenna is designed in a rear window of the electric vehicle and the power cable is placed to run from a battery to an electric motor. The obtained results indicate that the coupled power's intensity to the windscreen antennas depends on the shielding structure of the power cable.
Rules, Requirements, and Resources for School-Based Threat Assessment: a Fifty State Analysis

State governments and other agencies are resources that have the potential to provide leadership and guidance about school-based threat assessment practices. However, accessing information regarding threat assessment-related state mandates and recommendations can be a challenging and a time consuming task for school personnel as there is no single database or resource where that information is housed. Via internet searches covering all 50 United States, as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, the authors of this study identified state statutes, requirements, standards, and other recommendations for school-based threat assessment. Currently, only one state unambiguously and explicitly mandates threat assessment procedures and threat assessment teams. However, at least five other states have other statutes, standards, or procedures that imply the need for school-based threat assessment. Additionally, at least 39 states provided a quality web-based threat assessment resource for schools. Twenty-three of those resources were posted on state departments of education or public instruction web pages. At least 21 states have developed specific state guidance documents on school-based threat assessment. These resources can guide school-based mental health professionals as they prepare for conducting threat assessments in the school setting.
Use of case-based or hands-on laboratory exercises with physiology lectures improves knowledge retention, but veterinary medicine students prefer case-based activities

Didactic lectures are prevalent in physiology courses within veterinary medicine programs, but more active learning methods have also been utilized. Our goal was to identify the most appropriate le...
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals wall-associated and glucan-degrading proteins with potential roles in Phytophthora infestans sexual spore development

Sexual reproduction remains an understudied feature of oomycete biology. To expand our knowledge of this process, we used RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics to examine matings in Phytophthora infestans. Exhibiting significant changes in mRNA abundance in three matings between different A1 and A2 strains compared to nonmating controls were 1170 genes, most being mating-induced. Rising by >10-fold in at least one cross were 455 genes, and 182 in all three crosses. Most genes had elevated expression in a self-fertile strain. Many mating-induced genes were associated with cell wall biosynthesis, which may relate to forming the thick-walled sexual spore (oospore). Several gene families were induced during mating including one encoding histidine, serine, and tyrosine-rich putative wall proteins, and another encoding prolyl hydroxylases which may strengthen the extracellular matrix. The sizes of these families vary >10-fold between Phytophthora species and one exhibits concerted evolution, highlighting two features of genome dynamics within the genus. Proteomic analyses of mature oospores and nonmating hyphae using isobaric tags for quantification identified 835 shared proteins, with 5% showing >2-fold changes in abundance between the tissues. Enriched in oospores were β-glucanases potentially involved in digesting the oospore wall during germination. Despite being dormant, oospores contained a mostly normal complement of proteins required for core cellular functions. The RNA-seq data generated here and in prior studies were used to identify new housekeeping controls for gene expression studies that are more stable than existing normalization standards. We also observed >2-fold variation in the fraction of polyA+ RNA between life stages, which should be considered when quantifying transcripts and may also be relevant to understanding translational control during development.
Introduction: The Rational of the Work or the Overarching Hypothesis

For very good reasons it is customary to be endlessly fascinated by the unexpected degree of sequence conservation that one can find in some transcription factors and signaling molecules between yeast and man. It is indeed quite extraordinary that protein motifs could be conserved over a hundred million years. Not to mention the even higher and tighter degree of conservation that exists between fly and human genes. But then again, yeast are not humans, flies are more sophisticated than yeast but do not have many of the functions or organs that vertebrates have, and bony vertebrates differ from other vertebrates in many functional aspects, as this book proposes to show. One reason for that is that this unexpected and rather high degree of conservation between invertebrates and vertebrates affects mostly intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors. It is in fact not so surprising that the basic molecular equipment of the cell has not changed too much during evolution.
Hormone Replacement Therapy, Male

Classically, male hormone replacement therapy involves the administration of testosterone to a male diagnosed with hypogonadism. For the most part, hypogonadism is defined as failure to produce adequate testosterone due to deficits or disturbances of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis or steps in the androgen biosynthetic action pathway. In addition, there has been growing interest in andropause, or partial androgen deficiency, in the aging male. This article briefly reviews the physiology of androgen secretion, discusses traditional hormone replacement for men with hypogonadism, and addresses issues concerning therapy for androgen deficiency in the aging male.
THE RNA POLYMERASES OF FUNGI. GLUTARIMIDES AND THE REGULATION OF RNA POLYMERASE I

ABSTRACT. Multiple forms of RNA polymerase have been reported from representatives of six classes of fungi. The number of forms reported varies from two to four. The general properties of these forms of RNA polymerase suggest that they are very similar to the multiple forms of RNA polymerase reported from higher plants and animals. All species studied have at least one polymerase sensitive to α-samanitin. All forms are more active in the presence of manganese than in the presence of magnesium. Where studied, the fungal enzymes have high molecular weight and multiple subunits.
FANCA Promotes DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Catalyzing Single-Strand Annealing and Strand Exchange.

FANCA is a component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex that activates DNA interstrand crosslink repair by monoubiquitination of FANCD2. Here, we report that purified FANCA protein catalyzes bidirectional single-strand annealing (SA) and strand exchange (SE) at a level comparable to RAD52, while a disease-causing FANCA mutant, F1263Δ, is defective in both activities. FANCG, which directly interacts with FANCA, dramatically stimulates its SA and SE activities. Alternatively, FANCB, which does not directly interact with FANCA, does not stimulate this activity. Importantly, five other patient-derived FANCA mutants also exhibit deficient SA and SE, suggesting that the biochemical activities of FANCA are relevant to the etiology of FA. A cell-based DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair assay demonstrates that FANCA plays a direct role in the single-strand annealing sub-pathway (SSA) of DSB repair by catalyzing SA, and this role is independent of the canonical FA pathway and RAD52.
Successful Use of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Adult Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia and Severe Acute Chest Syndrome.

A 25-year-old female with sickle cell anemia presented with respiratory failure due to acute chest syndrome (ACS). Given her severely compromised cardiopulmonary status, she was started on veno-ven...
Bringing Full-Scale TCP to Low-Power Networks

Although TCP has widespread adoption in the Internet, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) generally use simpler UDP-based protocols. The few existing TCP implementations for sensor network operating systems do not support all of the features of TCP. We present a full-scale TCP implementation for sensor networks, called TCPlp, based on the TCP protocol logic of the FreeBSD Operating System. Our implementation demonstrates that full-scale TCP can run within the resource constraints of a modern WSN platform, and serves as a vehicle to explore the benefits of using a full TCP stack in the WSN setting. We showcase TCPlp via three applications of TCP: (1) reliable data collection in the context of an application, (2) an interactive configuration/debug shell, and (3) a mote-based web server.
Conclusions on Procurement Finance

Procurement finance is one of the most dynamic function in the organization. Its future can be bright but it must be in full sync with the organization’s strategy. Its digital transformation is important due to the fact that procurement is a function lateral to the entire organization. It must become the yeast and the leverage in support to the digital transformation of the entire organization and in particular of the procurement and finance processes and relationships.
School reintegration post-psychiatric hospitalization: protocols and procedures across the nation

Youth returning to schools following psychiatric hospitalization are at high risk for mental health crises and rehospitalization. Yet, little is known about the current practices schools use to support student reintegration. This study administered a self-report questionnaire to 133 school psychologists across the nation to identify the prevalence and scope of school reintegration protocols and procedures in middle and high schools. Sixteen percent of respondents identified having a formal (i.e., written) school reintegration protocol in place, 45% reported having an informal procedure, and the remaining 38% reporting no such protocol or procedure. Respondents identified several components to successful reintegration including (1) establishing communication with the hospital, (2) meeting with the family prior to the student’s return, and (3) developing an individualized re-entry plan. Having a school reintegration protocol was positively associated with perceived quality of services for students returning from psychiatric hospitalization. Implications for schools considering adopting a consistent strategy for supporting students during this transitionary time are discussed.
Student and Faculty Reflections After Using MathWorks’ Cody Coursework in a Control Systems Course

This innovative practice work in progress paper examines the student and faculty reactions after a pilot implementation of Cody Coursework for submission of MATLAB scripts in a senior level dynamic systems and control systems course. The goal in implementation was to increase students’ use of scripts in MATLAB and reduce the amount of time instructors spend grading open-ended design problems. The pilot was evaluated with reflections from the faculty team shared in a post-course discussion. Students in the course were also asked to complete a survey after the course. Additionally, scores on two assignments from before the pilot study were compared to scores during the pilot. Based on the pilot implementation, it was determined that Cody Coursework reduced the grading load of the instructors and the students were generally satisfied with the tool.
Learning from Their Own Learning: How Metacognitive and Meta-Affective Reflections Enhance Learning in Race-Related Courses.

Th is interdisciplinary project examined how students think and feel about their learning in race-related diversity courses. Students in four classes (literature, psychology, geography) reflected on cognitive and affective dimensions of their own and their classmates’ learning. The Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scales (CoBRAS) confirmed qualitative analyses of learning patterns in three of the classes that resulted in moving from lack of awareness about racism to increased understanding and in the fourth class that lacked this movement. Findings incl ude what helped students learn, cognitive and affective obstacles to learning, and the benefit of exposing students to multiple perspectives, empathy-enhancing activities, and emotional regulation skills.
Households with solar installations are ideologically diverse and more politically active than their neighbours

Climate risk mitigation requires rapid decarbonization of energy infrastructure, a task that will need political support from mass publics. Here, we use a combination of satellite imagery and voter file data to examine the political identities of US households with residential solar installations. We find that solar households are slightly more likely to be Democratic; however, this imbalance stems primarily from between-neighbourhood differences in partisan composition rather than within-neighbourhood differences in the rate of partisan solar uptake. Crucially, we still find that many solar households are Republican. We also find that solar households are substantially more likely to be politically active than their neighbours, and that these differences in political participation cannot be fully explained by demographic and socioeconomic factors. Our results demonstrate that individuals across the ideological spectrum are participating in the US energy transition, despite extreme ideological polarization around climate change. Combining satellite imagery and US voter file data, this study shows that Democrats are slightly more likely to have rooftop solar than Republicans, but this effect is a function of neighbourhood composition, not differential partisan uptake of the technology within a given neighbourhood.