cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Pink Triangle as an Interruptive Symbol

The Pink Triangle is a symbol of collective memory and meaning for two very different, but similarly marginalized groups: gay male prisoners held in concentration camps in Nazi Germany, and the modern LGBTQAI+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, asexual/allied and intersexed) community. Since the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps in the mid 1940’s, many memorials to the Holocaust, as well as several for the Pink Triangle victims have sprung up around the world. While there are a number of reasons for these memorials, one premise is that these monuments serve as a way to create a collective memory, with the intent that these atrocities will never be repeated. Using qualitative methodology, the purpose of this project was to explore how the LGBTQAI+ community has been “memorialized” from the incidents of Nazi Germany, and how these memorials may serve as “interruptive symbols” to help circumvent hate and oppression of this historically marginalized group. Findings from interviews, observations and photographs revealed three themes as well as information for community consideration. These themes are “Serves as a Reminder”, “Made Me Think” and “Taints It”. The results of this study, through historical insights combined with first-hand memorial observation and interviews, can heighten understanding to highlight resilience and promote hope and healing through government/citizen reconciliation.
Beyond changing diapers: stress and decision-making among parents of girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia seeking consultation about feminizing genital restoration surgery.

Summary Introduction/Background The impact of having a child with atypical genitalia due to a life-threating chronic medical condition like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is poorly understood. Objective The aim of the study was to determine parental stress and impact of CAH on parental decisions, including decisions regarding female genital restoration surgery (FGRS). Study design The authors surveyed consecutive parents of girls with CAH ≤3 years presenting at a tertiary referral center for FGRS consultation (2016–2019). The survey was developed by three families of daughters with CAH and six clinicians. Nine potentially stressful past experiences were rated on a 6-point Likert scale (‘not at all’ to ‘extremely’ stressful). Overall parental stress and strain (broader negative consequences) were reported using validated instruments (Perceived Stress Scale and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire Short Form, respectively). Impact of CAH on past decisions about childcare, social interactions, and who changes diapers were also assessed. Non-parametric tests were used for analysis. Results Twenty-nine parents (median age: 32years) of 22 consecutive children participated (Prader 3/4/5: 59.1%/36.4%/4.5%). After the study, 20 girls (90.9%) underwent FGRS at a median age of 8 months. The most stressful experiences were having an adrenal crisis (‘very much’ stressful), waiting for the CAH diagnosis, and making sense of the diagnosis (both ‘quite a bit’) (Figure 1). Remaining issues were ‘somewhat’ stressful. Deciding whether to proceed with FGRS was ranked as the least stressful issue. Overall parental stress was similar to overall stress previously reported by spousal caregivers of stroke or heart failure survivors (P ≥ 0.15). Overall parental strain was similar to parents of adolescents receiving mental health counseling (P = 0.77). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia impacted decisions about babysitting, daycare, who changed diapers, and choosing a pediatrician (P ≤ 0.02), but did not impact parental social interactions (P ≥ 0.11). Diapers were typically changed by parents (100.0%) and grandmothers (50.0%). Parents anticipated that some individuals currently not allowed to change diapers would be allowed after FGRS: grandfathers (+18.2%), aunts/uncles (+27.3–32.8%), cousins (+18.2%), and family friends (+45.5%). Discussion The authors present the first assessment of parental stress with respect to different aspects of care of a daughter with CAH. Larger studies are required to determine if the parental stress associated with these experiences varies over time and how these stressors rank relative to each other through the child's development. Conclusion Parents experience multiple stressors after having a daughter with CAH. Parental stress surrounding a decision about FGRS appears less severe than events pertaining to the diagnosis and medical management of CAH. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia impacts multiple parental decisions.
What Is a Medication-Related Problem? A Qualitative Study of Older Adults and Primary Care Clinicians

Older adults often take multiple medications, leading to a myriad of medication-related problems. Addressing these problems requires thoughtful approaches that align with patients’ perspectives and experiences. To (1) identify and categorize medication-related problems from the patient perspective and (2) understand patient and clinician attitudes toward these problems and experiences with addressing these problems. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with patients and focus groups with physicians and pharmacists. Twenty older adults recruited from an academic medical center and from a community senior center; 14 primary care physicians and 6 pharmacists affiliated with an academic medical center. Hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis. Older adults identified a variety of medication-related problems that could be classified into four broad categories: (1) obtaining medications (e.g., problems with cost and insurance coverage); (2) taking medications (e.g., organization and remembering to take pills); (3) medication effects, including side effects and concerns over lack of effectiveness; and (4) communication and care coordination, including information related to medications. Many of the problems described by older adults were framed within the person’s socioemotional context, including the impact of medications on interpersonal relationships, emotional wellbeing, and activities that add meaning and quality to life. In contrast, clinicians almost exclusively focused on discrete medication issues without reference to this larger context and expressed relatively little interest in learning more about their patients’ perspectives. Older adults experience medication-related problems as inseparable from their broader life context. Incorporating the social and emotional context of medications and related communication into a problem-focused framework can guide clinicians in specific actions and interventions to address medication-related problems from the patient perspective.
Situating subjectivities in the macrosocial policy context: critical/queer multifocal policy research

This essay serves as a reflexive account of a multifocal approach to policy analysis that employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative study examined the relationship betwee...
Obesity and Severe Obesity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Objective Research suggests a high prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the prevalence of severe obesity and its association with risk factors unique to this population remain undetermined. This study sought to compare the prevalence of severe obesity in children with ASDs to that of the general population and investigated associated risk factors for obesity in this population. Methods A chart review was done on 592 patients with ASDs seen between 2013 and 2017 at a center in Houston, Texas. The prevalence of obesity in the study population was compared with 2013-2016 national data. Univariable, multivariable, and stratified analyses were performed to determine the association between risk factors and body mass index. Results The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in our study population was similar to those reported in the general population. When stratified by age, children with ASDs ages 6 to 11 years had a significantly higher prevalence of severe obesity than the general population. Conclusions The prevalence of severe obesity in children with ASDs was higher with increasing age, and in the 6- to 11-year-old age group, was significantly higher than in the general population. Healthcare providers should address diet and exercise early as part of a comprehensive management plan for children with ASDs.
Cross Section for the Be 9 ( n , α ) He 6 Reaction

The cross section for the reaction ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(n, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ has been measured for neutron energies of 0.7 Mev (threshold) to 4.4 Mev. The cross section exhibits a smooth rise from less than 0.1 mb at the expected threshold to a broad maximum of 104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 mb at 3.0 Mev, followed by a gradual decrease to 70 mb at 4.4 Mev.
Standartized VHF/MF/HF Interface in the Integrated Maritime Communication System

Maritime terrestrial communication employs Digital Selective Calling (DSC) for establishing radiotelephone/telex connection. The practical application of DSC has revealed its shortcomings, which have led to the fact that it is practically not used in address radio communications. Attempts to improve it only within the DSC system itself did not lead to any noticeable results due to neglecting of real user needs. The article proposes an approach to improve the user DSC interface based on the integration of DSC with integrated navigational system (INS), including Automatic Identification System (AIS) installations and standardization of the DSC interface that implies common presentation of information and control functions for VHF/MF/HF communications regardless of the equipment from different manufacturers.
Improvements in Math Instruction and Student Achievement Through Professional Learning Around the Common Core State Standards in Chicago

Existing literature on the impact of Common Core State Standards in Math has shown little benefit, but it has not examined variation in outcomes based on implementation strategies, student subgroup...
Quantitative Off-Target Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus-Derived DNA in Routine Molecular Profiling of Hematopoietic Neoplasms by Panel-Based Hybrid-Capture Next-Generation Sequencing.

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with hematologic and solid tumors. In this study, we utilized a hybridization capture-based next generation sequencing (NGS) platform that targets 400 genes associated with hematological malignancies to detect and quantify non-targeted viral-derived EBV reads that aligned to the EBV reference contig (NC_007605). We evaluated 5,234 samples from 3,636 unique patients with hematological neoplasms and found that 100 samples (1.9%) in 93 unique patients had ≥ 6 EBV reads (range, 6-32,325; mean, 827.5; median, 54). The majority (n=73, 73%) represented known EBV-associated conditions, and the most common was post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (n=21, 29%). Documented EBV viremia accounted for a moderate quantity of EBV reads in 4/27 samples corresponding to conditions not known to be EBV-associated, while suspected viremia or low-level activation was likely the etiology in the remaining 23 samples. A good correlation (Spearman r=0.8, 95% CI 0.74-0.85) was found between EBV reads by NGS and systematic semi-quantitative EBER ISH assessment in 162 available samples, particularly at higher level of EBV-involvement. An optimal threshold for significant morphologic EBV-involvement was found to be ≥10 reads by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (AUC 0.990 and 95% CI 0.9974-1.000%). Thus, in addition to mutational analysis, hybrid-capture-based NGS panels can be used to detect and quantitate off-target EBV-derived viral DNA, which correlates well with morphology.
MIMO-Based Secret Key Generation Strategies: Rate Analysis

Over the last decade, physical layer secret key generation PHY-SKG techniques that exploit reciprocity of wireless channels have attracted considerable interest among researchers in the field of wireless communication. Compared to traditional cryptographic methods, PHY-SKG techniques offer the following advantages: a computationally bounded adversary does not need to be assumed; PHY-SKG avoids the requirement of key management, and secret keys can be dynamically replenished. Additionally, PHY-SKG can enhance existing security schemes because it operates independently of higher layer security schemes. However, a key drawback of PHY-SKG is low secret key generation rate SKGR, a critical performance metric. Therefore, the role of advanced network technologies e.g., multiple input multiple output MIMO and cooperative MIMO must be explored to enhance SKGR. This paper describes how MIMO and cooperative MIMO techniques can enhance SKGR.
The dysvascular and diabetic patient: Update in diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Foreword.

Articles of this title include: 'Pre-Operative Assesment of the Dysvascular/Diabetic Amputee', 'Prosthetic/Rehabilitation issues in the Dysvascular/Diabetic Amputee', 'Update in PVD and Claudication Rehabilitation', 'Update in Cardiac Rehabilitation', 'Pain Issues in the Dysvascular Diabetic Patient', 'Electrodiagnosis of in the Dysvascular Patient -Diabetic Neuropathy and Other Conditions', 'Skin Care and Prevention of Amputation in the Dysvascular Diabetic', 'Update in the in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections', and 'Dysvascular Issues in the Spinal Cord Patient'.
When Vague Sentences Inform: A Model Of Assertability

A speaker often decides whether or not to saysomething based on his assessment of the impact itwould have on his hearer's beliefs. If he thinks itwould bring them more in line with the truth, he saysit; otherwise he does not. In this paper, I developa model of these judgments, focusing specifically onthose of vague sentences. Under the simplifyingassumption that an utterance only conveys a speaker'sapplicability judgments, I present a Bayesian model ofan utterance's impact on a hearer's beliefs. Fromthis model I derive a model of a speaker's judgment ofwhether or not an utterance would be informative. Iillustrate it with several examples of judgments ofvague and non-vague sentences. For instance, I showthat it models the common judgment that assertingeither ``George is tall'' or ``George is not tall'' wouldbe misleading if George were borderline tall, butasserting ``George is tall and he isn't tall'' would notbe.
Digital Control Systems

Publisher Summary A control system consists of two main parts. One is the object being controlled, often referred to as the plant, and the other is the controller. With the plant, it is possible to identify certain outputs, which are variables to be controlled and certain control inputs, which are variables to be manipulated, so as to achieve the desired control action. A system where either the input or output signal is digital is referred to as a digital system, and a control system where the controller is a digital system is referred to as a digital control system. The first step in the analysis and design of digital control systems is the mathematical modeling of the analog system being controlled. The two most common models are transfer-function models and state-variable models. The next step is to configure the analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog subsystems (D/A), to interface the controlled system with the digital controller. Finally, suitable performance measures must be specified and a design algorithm developed. With the increase in computing power it can be expected that digital control theory will be developed for the design of increasingly complex systems. The chapter observes that future developments in digital control theory can be expected to be more intimately related to the theory and operation of computers and computer networks.
The effects of expertise and feedback on search term selection and subsequent learning: Research Articles

Query formation and expansion is an integral part of nearly every effort to search for information. In the work reported here we investigate the effects of domain knowledge and feedback on search term selection and reformation. We explore differences between experts and novices as they generate search terms over 10 successive trials and under two feedback conditions. Search attempts were coded on quantitative dimensions such as the number of unique terms and average time per trial, and as a whole in an attempt to characterize the user's conceptual map for the topic under differing conditions of participant-defined domain expertise. Nine distinct strategies were identified. Differences emerged as a function of both expertise and feedback. In addition, strategic behavior varied depending on prior search conditions. The results are considered from both a theoretical and design perspective, and have direct implications for digital library usability and metadata generation, and query expansion systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying Social Research on Stereotyping and Cognitive Bias to Employment Discrimination Litigation: The Case of Allegations of Systematic Gender Bias at Wal-Mart Stores

This chapter is an edited version of the expert report I submitted in 2003 on behalf of plaintiffs who were seeking class action status in a gender discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. To do the report, I was given access to thousands of pages of company documents relating to personnel policy and practices, extensive testimony from Wal-Mart managers and top executives, and statistical data on gender disparities compensation and promotion. Relying on social science research on stereotyping and cognitive bias, I explain how subjective and discretionary features of the Wal-Mart personnel system created systematic barriers to the career advancement of women.
Pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

T H E pelvic lymph nodes have been the subject of extensive discussion in regard to both the therapy and the prognosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. There has been prolonged controversy concerning the relative merits of irradiation versus operation in controlling metastatic disease in the pelvic lymph nodes, and there has been a persistent belief among some advocates of surgery that irradiation is incapable of destroying metastatic cancer cells in the primary lymphatic drainage of the uterine cervix. These surgical enthusiasts have indicated that the hope of improving the 5 year survival rate in patients who already have lymph node metastases is a major argument in favor of surgery. In order properly to consider this controversy, it is essential that there be a valid appraisal of the incidence of node metastases in each stage of this disease, yet the reported incidence of metastatic disease in the pelvic lymph nodes in association with cervical cancer would seem to vary significantly (Table I). Perhaps the most frequentIy quoted figures are those of Me&,” who reported a 17.9 per cent incidence of positive
Dynamic α-Helix Structure of Micelle-bound Human Amylin

Amylin is an endocrine hormone that regulates metabolism. In patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes, amylin is found in fibrillar deposits in the pancreas. Membranes are thought to facilitate the aggregation of amylin, and membrane-bound oligomers may be responsible for the islet β-cell toxicity that develops during type 2 diabetes. To better understand the structural basis for the interactions between amylin and membranes, we determined the NMR structure of human amylin bound to SDS micelles. The first four residues in the structure are constrained to form a hairpin loop by the single disulfide bond in amylin. The last nine residues near the C terminus are unfolded. The core of the structure is an α-helix that runs from about residues 5–28. A distortion or kink near residues 18–22 introduces pliancy in the angle between the N- and C-terminal segments of the α-helix. Mobility, as determined by 15N relaxation experiments, increases from the N to the C terminus and is strongly correlated with the accessibility of the polypeptide to spin probes in the solution phase. The spin probe data suggest that the segment between residues 5 and 17 is positioned within the hydrophobic lipid environment, whereas the amyloidogenic segment between residues 20 and 29 is at the interface between the lipid and solvent. This orientation may direct the aggregation of amylin on membranes, whereas coupling between the two segments may mediate the transition to a toxic structure.
The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment.

Abstract This report examines the impact of managed care (MC) and related developments on substance abuse treatment, and evaluates how it has been associated with a decline in the availability of proper treatment for many addicted patients. A trend toward carve-out and for-profit MC organizations is associated with lower financial incentives for intensive treatment than in earlier staff-model and not-for-profit MC organizations. The value of substance abuse insurance coverage has declined by 75% between 1988 and 1998 for employees of mid-to large-size companies, compared with only an 11.5% decline for general health insurance. The shift towards MC has also been associated with a drastic reduction in frequency and duration of inpatient hospitalization, and there is no clear evidence that this reduction has been offset by a corresponding increase in outpatient support. In a survey of physicians treating addiction, the majority felt that MC had a negative impact on detoxification and rehabilitation, and on t...
Mutations in the Drosophila gene encoding ribosomal protein S6 cause tissue overgrowth.

Abstract We have characterized two P-element-induced, lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster which affect the larval hemocytes, mediators of the insect immune response. Each mutant displays larval melanotic tumors characteristic of mutations affecting the insect cellular immune system, and the moribund animals develop grossly hypertrophied hematopoietic organs because of increased cell proliferation and extra rounds of endoreduplication in some hematopoietic cells. Surprisingly, these mutations are due to P element insertions in the 5' regulatory region of the Drosophila gene encoding ribosomal protein S6 and cause a reduction of S6 transcript abundance in mutant larvae.
Bis(acetonitrile)dinitropalladium(II)

[77933-53-0] C4H6N4O4Pd (MW 280.54) InChI = 1S/2C2H3N.2HNO2.Pd/c2*1-2-3;2*2-1-3;/h2*1H3;2*(H,2,3);/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = PIFWYNQBPAARDL-UHFFFAOYSA-L (reagent capable of catalyzing the oxidation of alkenes to ketones2, 3 and the nitration of alkenes3) Physical Data: yellow solid. Solubility: sol acetone, dichloromethane, acetonitrile; sparingly sol toluene. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (acetone-d6): 2.16 ppm (s).3 Preparative Method: prepared from the reaction of Pd(MeCN)2Cl2 (formed from the reaction of Palladium(II) Chloride and Acetonitrile) with 2 equiv of Silver(I) Nitrite in acetonitrile. Removal of silver chloride by filtration after 1 h and evaporation of the solvent gives the complex as a yellow solid in quantitative yield.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: darkening of the complex occurs on extended drying under vacuum or upon recrystallization from acetonitrile and toluene. The complex should be stored under an inert atmosphere. Palladium compounds are reported to be slightly toxic and acetonitrile is highly flammable and lachrymatory.
Microfluidically controlled metalized plate based frequency reconfigurable monopole for high power RF applications

A wideband frequency reconfigurable monopole is introduced for high power RF applications by utilizing the microfluidically repositionable metalized plate technique. The frequency reconfiguration is achieved by extruding or retracting the metallized plate that acts as the radiating antenna. The antenna feed is based on enhanced capacitive coupling through the use of a 12µm thick benzo-cyclobutene (BCB) layer when bonding the microfluidic channels with the PCB board. The fabricated antenna is operated with a bi-directional micropump unit and measured to demonstrate continuous frequency tuning from 1.7GHz to 3.4GHz with >1.5dB realized peak gain. Due to its liquid-metal-free nature, the antenna provides a reliable approach for realizing reconfigurable devices with high power handling capability. The presented agreement between the multiphysics simulations and experiments conducted under 10W RF input power condition supports this possibility by registering an 8.1°C increase over the room temperature of 24.6°C.
Distribution of Cell Receptors and Simple Sugar Inhibitors During Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Cell Union

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus was studied for ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species. Human, rat, and guinea pig erythrocytes, as well as those from young rabbits, were readily agglutinated. Cells from older rabbits absorbed virus poorly, and showed little agglutination. Uptake of virus by rabbit brain also diminished with age. Various mouse tissues absorbed virus about equally well. Hemagglutination-inhibition studies demonstrated that a number of simple sugars, particularly glucose and galactosamine, interfered with uptake of virus by cells. Dextran sulfates were highly active inhibitors of EMC hemagglutination. Attempts to localize the site of action of the sugars on virus or cell are described. Treatment of virus with periodate or p-chloromercurobenzoate, and acetylation of virus, inhibited hemagglutination, but acetylation of semipurified receptor did not. Clarification of the nature of the virus-cell union will require studies to identify possible specific sugars in the virus capsid and the cell receptor.
Exploratory laser flash photolysis investigations of diphenylcarbene reactivity in supercritical fluids

Exploratory laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments have been performed to determine the feasibility of study of carbene chemistry in supercritical fluids (SCF’s). Diphenylcarbene (Ph2C:) has been generated by 266 nm LFP of diphenyldiazomethane (Ph2CN2) in supercritical ethane, carbon dioxide and fluoroform. Diphenylcarbene was found: to react with ethane to form diphenylmethyl radical (Ph2C*H); to react with CO2 to most likely form diphenyloxiranone; and to be unreactive towards CHF3. The LFP results are discussed in terms of SCF solvent dynamics and the potential of SCF’s to influence carbene reactivity.
Use of radio‐controlled miniature aircraft for drifter and dye current studies in a tidal inlet1,2

Description d'un avion miniature (poids a vide 3,2 kg; envergure des ailes 2,4 m) radioguide (VHF), destine a l'etude du courant de jusant dans un petit estuaire naturel, non structure. En plus des mesures euleriennes de courant, dans le chenal principal, on a procede a des observations de flotteurs derivant a la surface et de taches de rhodamine a l'aide de cet avion muni d'une camera de 35 mm. Il apparait que l'avion miniature constitue une alternative bon marche et precise en vue d'etudes lagrangiennes dans les passes a maree et les estuaires, avec des avantages par rapport aux ballons a air chaud, aux plates-formes fixes, a l'avion, avec pilote, ou a un bateau de chasse
Exploring coping mediators between heterosexist oppression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons.

Recently, scholars have begun to advocate that categories of traumatic events be expanded to include experiences that do not meet the traditional diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as oppression. Our study builds on this work by examining experiences with two kinds of heterosexist oppression, one that meets the traditional diagnostic criteria for PTSD (i.e., sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization) and one that does not (i.e., heterosexist discrimination), as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a sample of 427 gay, lesbian and bisexual persons who responded to an online survey. In addition, we examined the mediating roles of coping with heterosexism via internalization, detachment, and drug and alcohol use in the heterosexist oppression-PTSD symptoms link. Results indicated that when examined concurrently, both sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization and heterosexist discrimination had direct and unique links to PTSD symptoms. In addition, the results of the mediational analysis using bootstrapping provided support for a theorized model in which coping with oppressive events via internalization, detachment, and drug and alcohol use mediated the link between heterosexist discrimination and PTSD symptoms but not between sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization and PTSD symptoms. Finally, the five variables in the model accounted for 42% of the variance in PTSD severity.
The Problem of Multiple Scattering

Multiple scattering can be regarded as a succession of elementary events. The distribution function for the particles which have gone through n+1 elementary events is the convolution of two functions. The first of these expresses the scattering law; the second one is the distribution function for particles which have gone through n events. It is well known that such convolutions can be calculated very easily by means of Fourier transforms if the elementary event is the traversal of a free path in an arbitrary direction. In this case, the Fourier transform of the convolution is the product of the Fourier transforms of the convolvents. In the case of more general scattering laws, integrals over products of the distribution function, and of represensations of the group which leaves the scattering law invariant, play the same role which the Fourier transforms play in the aforementioned case. From the present point of view, the exponential in the Fourier transform is a representation of the displacement group. It is shown that one can solve several problems of multiple scattering on the basis of the above observation. These problems include the scattering of a point particle without change of energy but an arbitrary angular distribution, and several more involved problems.
Refractory heart failure.

Managing patients with heart failure is rooted in appropriate recognition of the syndrome and subsequent tailoring of therapies to individual patients based on the stage of the disease. An individual with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (the earliest stage of heart failure) is treated quite differently than a patient with more advanced heart failure manifested by problematic fluid retention, peripheral organ hypoperfusion with dysfunction, and several comorbidities. The latter patient requires aggressive pharmacologic intervention coupled with other creative strategies that are individually tailored to each individual's unique clinical circumstance. The therapies available include long-term administration of parenteral inotropic therapy, dialysis, insertion of a ventricular assist device, cardiac transplantation, dynamic skeletal myoplasty, volume reduction surgery, or more standard (but higher risk) operative procedures. New drugs are constantly undergoing evaluation and may lead to additional therapeutic improvements in patients with advanced heart failure. The key is recognizing the appropriate place for more radical therapies.
How Wearables Worked their Way into the Mainstream

Thad Starner, who has been wearing a "homebrew" computer with a head-up display as part of his daily life since 1993, discusses why it has taken so long for wearables to capture consumer interest. He discusses the various challenges of designing wearable systems and presents five different phases of head-mounted displays, illustrating how improvements in technology allowed progressively more useful and usable devices.
Age, gender and metabolic syndrome-related coronary heart disease in U.S. adults.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of several prominent risk factors for atherosclerosis, is common among U.S. populations. The contribution of MetS to the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in different age–gender groups is currently unknown. Methods MetS was defined according to the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CHD was defined as having had a diagnosed heart attack in self-reported medical history. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were used to evaluate the MetS-associated CHD prevalences in different age–gender subpopulations, which include 35- to 54-year-old women, 55- to 74-year-old women, 35- to 54-year-old men, and 55- to 74-year-old men. Results The prevalences of MetS in these 4 age–gender subpopulations are 21%, 24%, 39%, and 38%, respectively. The odds ratios (and the 95% confidence intervals) of MetS to increased CHD in each subpopulations are 1.05 (0.40–2.79), 1.95 (1.19–3.20), 2.22 (1.03–4.81), and 1.96 (1.41–2.70), respectively. Conclusions MetS-associated CHD prevalence in women aged 35–54 years is almost the same as in the control, whereas in women aged 55–74 and in men aged 35–54 or 55–74, this prevalence is about 2-fold that of the control. Endogenous estrogen may play a role in suppressing the pro-atherosclerotic effects of MetS-related risk factors, but further studies are needed for a more certain conclusion.
Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper reviews some of the recent advances in the development of algorithms for wireless sensor networks. We focus on sensor deployment and coverage, routing, and sensor fusion.
Counterion and Diluent Effects on the Response of Ionic Polymer Transducers

A parametric study is presented which investigates the effect that counterion and diluent have on the electrical and electromechanical response of the ionic polymer transducers (IPT). This series of experiments expands upon existing studies by incorporating the sensing and impedance characteristics of the ionic polymer in response to changes in the counterion species and the viscous and dielectric properties of the diluent. The counterions considered in this study include the monovalent and divalent metals Li + , Na + , Cs + , and Ca 2+ , as well as the larger organic cations tetraethylammonium (TEA + ) and tetrabutylammonium (TBA + ). Viscosity studies incorporate various water-glycerol mixtures which are tailored to yield viscosities from 1 cP (100% water) to 1500 cP (100% glycerol). Dielectric properties of the diluent are also considered in a study which compares the response of samples in water (78.4), acetonitrile (37.5), and butyl acetate (5.4). The results of these studies demonstrate the importance of the transducer's electrical response in regards to the electromechanical performance of the transducer in both actuation and sensing applications.
One in a thousand: defining the limits of olfactory perception

Each olfactory sensory neuron in mice is defined by which of the ∼1,000 odorant receptor genes that it expresses. Using optogenetics, a study finds that mice can perceive stimulation of only a single class of olfactory sensory neuron.
Mean Squared and Worst Case performance of multiple spacecraft interferometric imaging systems : A Feature Based Approach

The problem of quantifying minimum acceptable performance of multi-spacecraft interferometric imaging systems is considered. The noise corrupting the measurements is critical in the design of these systems and is dependent on the motion of the constituent spacecrafts. Minimum acceptable performance is defined in terms of the misclassification error of an image given that the set of images has been partitioned into two distinct classes. Two measures of the noise corrupting the measurements are considered: mean squared error(MSE) and the worst case error(WCE). It is shown that these are consistent with the goal of image classification in the sense that as image estimates converge in the MSE/WCE sense, the probability of misclassifying the image tends to zero. Error bounds are obtained on the MSE/WCE such that some minimum acceptable performance, in terms of the probability of correctly classifying an image, is acheived. An example is presented where the bandedness of the image of a planet is sought to be detected. Bounds on the noise corrupting the measurements are obtained such that a pre-specified level of performance is achieved for this case.
Subjective social status and depression symptoms: a prospective study of women with noncancerous pelvic problems

Abstract Objective Subjective social status (SSS) may be a stronger determinant of health than objective measures of socioeconomic status. We sought to examine the effect of community and national SSS on symptoms of depression in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adult women with noncancerous uterine conditions. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from 634 women who enrolled in the Study of Pelvic Problems, Hysterectomy, and Intervention Alternatives (SOPHIA) in 2003 and 2004. SOPHIA was a longitudinal study of women aged 31 to 54 who were experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding, symptomatic fibroids, or pelvic pain. The primary outcome for this analysis consisted of symptoms suggesting major or other depressive disorder, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 2 years after study enrollment. We hypothesized that women who had low community and national SSS at baseline, as measured by the MacArthur SSS ladder, would be at higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression at follow-up. Results Women with low community SSS had an increased odds of experiencing depression symptoms 2 years later compared with women with high SSS, after adjusting for age, pelvic problem impact and baseline depression (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.11–7.77). Odds remained elevated after further adjusting for income and education. Results for the national ladder were not significant. Conclusion Low perceived community social status is predictive of symptoms suggestive of major or other depressive disorder among women with noncancerous uterine conditions. Asking about perceived community social status can help clinicians to identify patients who may be at increased risk for depressive disorders. Asking about perceived national social status does not seem to add value beyond that provided by income and education.
Fluorescence, absorbance, and ion exchange: coupling analysis with water treatment for improved insight on copper complexation with natural organic matter

AbstractGroundwater high in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was spiked with 0–120 μmol/L of copper(II) (Cu) at pH 4, 6, and 8 to observe changes in fluorescence and UV absorbance of natural organic matter (NOM). The groundwater had a fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) characteristic of humic-like substances. Addition of Cu to the groundwater resulted in fluorescence quenching of EEM peak intensity and increase in UV absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254). Both fluorescence quenching and increase in UVA254 suggested the complex formation between Cu and NOM. Importantly, DOC measurements showed that physical loss of NOM did not play a measureable role in contributing to the observed fluorescence quenching and increase in UVA254, which supports the complex formation of Cu–NOM. The conditional stability constant for Cu–NOM was estimated using both fluorescence quenching and UVA254 increase at each pH and ranged from 4.26 to 5.77. As a follow up, anion exchange and cation exchange batch experiments were condu...
The ecomorphology of Bornean tree frogs (family Rhacophoridae)

Ecomorphological studies generally assume a causal relationship between morphology and ecology mediated by performance. That assumption was tested in a community of Bornean tree frogs of the family Rhacophoridae. Biomechanical models allow a priori predictions about expected intra- and interspecific correlations among toepad area, hind-limb length, body mass, sticking ability, jumping distance, microhabitat, vertical height and substrate. Both intra- and interspecifically, size and shape variables showed patterns of association with ecology predicted on the basis of maintaining relative as well as absolute levels of performance. Unexpectedly, the form-function relationship between toepad area and sticking ability differed intra- and interspecifically. These findings indicate the need for more empirical work examining morphology-performance relationships and their use in ecology.
Response of large-scale eastern boundary current forcing in the 21st century

[1] Greenhouse-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, particularly the strength, location and variability of the subtropical high pressure centers, could alter the dynamics and ecology of eastern boundary current regions. An unprecedented ensemble of coupled climate model experiments reveals potentially important changes in large-scale eastern boundary current forcing over the next century, including relaxation of the strength and variability of peak-season equatorward wind forcing in all four eastern boundary current regions, and intensification of inter-annual variability of annual maximum sea level pressure in the southern hemisphere subtropical gyres. While these projected changes in large-scale forcing are difficult to distinguish from the multi-model noise, they are of sufficient magnitude to have important dynamical and ecological consequences.
The reaction of active nitrogen with acetylene. I.

The reaction between active nitrogen and acetylene was studied in a low-pressure flow reactor using a leak to a mass spectrometer as the analytical device and varying reaction time from a few to 45 ms. In mixtures in which the initial ratio of acetylene to atomic nitrogen is larger than unity a comparatively slow reaction takes place whose main products are cyanogen, hydrogen and cyanoacetylene. The reaction is accelerated by rising pressure and temperature. The proposed rate determining steps are $\mathrm{C}\_2\mathrm{H}\_2 + \mathrm{N}\longrightarrow^{k1} \longleftarrow\_{k-1}\mathrm{C}\_2\mathrm{H}\_2\mathrm{N}^*,$ $\mathrm{C}\_2\mathrm{H}\_2\mathrm{N}^* + \mathrm{N}\_2 \longrightarrow^{k2} \mathrm{C}\_2\mathrm{H}\_2\mathrm{N + N}\_2,$ with $k\_1 = 1\cdot1 x 10^{-12}(\pm0\cdot13)} \exp (-2000(\pm 400)/RT) \text{cm}^3 \text{molecule}^{-1} s^{-1}$ and $k\_{-1} = 4 x 10^{-8}T^6 s^{-1},$ if k$\_2$ is taken to be the collisional frequency. The radical C$\_2$H$\_2$N is found to react competitively with nitrogen atoms and with acetylene to form the end products. At low ($\leqslant$ 0$\cdot$5) initial acetylene to atomic nitrogen ratios a much faster reaction occurs which is accompanied by chemiluminescence of CH and CN radicals and whose main products are hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen and hydrogen. Simultaneously, a rapid recombination of nitrogen atoms takes place, as many as 20 atoms reacting per molecule of acetylene consumed. This rapid reaction has a negative temperature coefficient. It is suggested that this is a chain reaction started by metastable nitrogen molecules (A$^3\Sigma^+\_u$) and nitrogen atoms which react with acetylene to form hydrogen cyanide and cyanide radicals. The latter cause the recombination of nitrogen atoms by the chain reactions $\mathrm{CN + N + N}\_2 \longrightarrow^{k\_6} \mathrm{NCN + N}\_2$ $\mathrm{NCN + N} \longrightarrow^{k\_7} \mathrm{N}^*\_2 + \mathrm{CN},$ with 3 x 10$^{-30}$ < k$_6$ < 2 x 10$^{-29}$ cm$^6$ molecule$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. These chains are broken by recombination of cyanide radicals and by the reactions of CN and NCN radicals with acetylene. Cyanogen also causes a catalytic recombination of nitrogen atoms. Ammonia added to acetylene-active nitrogen mixtures suppresses the rapid reaction but has no effect on the 'slow' reaction in richer mixtures.
Hemodynamic Alterations and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Patients With Essential Hypertension

Salt-sensitive animals as well as patients with essential hypertension appear to have a greater propensity to develop renal disease as a consequence of hypertension. They also manifest an abnormal renal hemodynamic adaptation to changes in dietary sodium intake and blood pressure. This suggests that the two may be related. Some patients with essential hypertension manifest an increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE). It is uncertain whether this is more common in salt-sensitive patients and whether it represents a marker for progressive renal disease. The effect of antihypertensive agents on UAE varies substantially depending on the agent used, and it is not necessarily related to the anti hypertensive action. Whether anti hypertensive agents that more effectively reduce UAE may also result in greater renal protective effects remains to be established.
Spontaneous dimensional reduction in Kaluza-Klein theories

With no torsion, we show that the spontaneous dimensional reduction in any Kaluza-Klein theories always yields a compactified extra space. Without an adjustable cosmological constant, the scale of the ordinary four-dimensional space-time is the same order of magnitude as that of the compactified space.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)-induced cleft lip and palate in A/J mice: A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study

High incidences of cleft lip and palate (CLP) produced by maternal intraperitoneal administration of 75 mg/kg phenytoin on gestational day 10 to A/J mice are associated with a severe size reduction in the lateral nasal process. Scanning and transmission EM analyses of this region demonstrate a marked change in the morphology of the mesenchymal cells underlying the surface epithelium in treated versus control day 11 (7-tail somite) embryos: long, branching cellular processes, which form a dense meshwork that appears to interact with the epithelial basement lamina in control embryos are undeveloped or absent in phenytoin-treated embryos. The ultrastructural morphology of these cell processes is described and their possible importance in normal development is discussed. Scanning EM observations of incomplete clefts of the lip which frequently result from phenytoin treatment indicate that Simonart's bands form from fusion of the lateral and medial nasal processes in association with a lack of fusion of the maxillary process with the medial nasal process.
Proteomic analysis of adducted butyrylcholinesterase for biomonitoring organophosphorus exposures

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds include a broad group of toxic chemicals such as insecticides, chemical warfare agents and antiwear agents. The liver cytochromes P450 bioactivate many OPs to potent inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Cholinesterases were the first OP targets discovered and are the most studied. They are used to monitor human exposures to OP compounds. However, the assay that is currently used has limitations. The mechanism of action of OP compounds is the inhibition of serine hydrolases by covalently modifying their active-site serine. After structural rearrangement, the complex OP inhibitor-enzyme is irreversible and will remain in circulation until the modified enzyme is degraded. Mass spectrometry is a sensitive technology for analyzing protein modifications, such as OP-adducted enzymes. These analyses also provide some information about the nature of the OP adduct. Our aim is to develop high-throughput protocols for monitoring OP exposures using mass spectrometry.
Photoexchange of η5-cyclopentadienide ligands in selected systems

Cyclopentadienide ligands are exchanged between molecules of di-η5 cyclopentadienyltitanium monochloride in benzene, and between bis(methyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium dichloride and di-η5-cyclopentadienylvanadium dichloride in benzene by a photochemical process. A small amount of dimer is produced upon photolysis of benzene solutions containing both 1,1′-trimethylene titanocene dichloride and titanocene dichloride.