cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paramutation, an allelic interaction, is associated with a stable and heritable reduction of transcription of the maize b regulatory gene.

The b gene of maize encodes a transcriptional activator of anthocyanin pigment biosynthetic genes. Certain b alleles undergo paramutation: a unidirectional, heritable alteration of one allele caused by the presence of another allele. B-I (intensely pigmented plant) is always changed to B' (weakly pigmented plant) in the B'/B-I heterozygote, such that all progeny receive the B' allele. The ``new'' B', which was B-I in the previous generation, is weakly pigmented and fully capable of changing another B-I allele into B'. It was not previously known whether paramutation is associated with altered b expression, altered B protein function or both. Our results show that B' acts in trans to suppress the transcription of B-I, with transcription remaining low in subsequent generations, even when the original B' allele segregates away. The products of B-I and B' are equally capable of activating the transcription of their target genes, indicating they are functionally equivalent. Genomic restriction maps, DNA sequence and methylation of B' and B-I were compared. Despite dramatic differences in phenotype and transcription of B' and B-I, no evidence for rearrangements, changes in sequence or changes in methylation was found. These results provide no support for models involving ``dominant negative'' proteins, gene conversion or transposable element interactions. We suggest that b paramutation involves a physical interaction between the alleles that suppresses transcription and promotes a change in chromatin structure that is heritable.
Trends in Medicaid Nursing Home Reimbursement: 1978-89

Medicaid nursing home reimbursement is of concern because of implications for nursing home expenditures. This article presents data on State Medicaid nursing home reimbursement methods, ratesetting methods, and average per diem rates, refining earlier data and updating through 1989. A trend in the early 1980s toward adopting prospective systems played out by the end of the decade. There were trends, however, toward case-mix methods, which may increase access for high-need patients, and toward cost-center limits on nursing, which may provide incentives to lower quality care. Analysis supports previous findings that prospective systems allow greater control over increases in rates.
Extracranial, peritoneal seeding of primary malignant brain tumors through ventriculo-peritoneal shunts in children: Case report and review of the literature:

IntroductionVentriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) have been implicated as a source of the extraneural spread of a wide variety of central nervous system tumors. The purpose is to review the literature on peritoneal seeding of central nervous system tumors from VPS in the context of a case report.MethodsMedline was searched using the phrase ‘peritoneal seeding ventriculoperitoneal shunt’. Inclusion criteria included patients (<18 years) with evidence of peritoneal seeding from VPS.ResultsSearch of the literature revealed a final total of 22 articles and a total of 28 patients.Case reportA 7-year-old boy presented with intermittent vomiting, headaches, photophobia; a 4.4 cm left thalamic mass (glioblastoma multiforme) was found. Occipital VPS catheters were placed for increasing hydrocephalus and the patient developed increased abdominal distention and pain. Computed tomography revealed diffuse ascites with carcinomatosis and the patient was diagnosed clinically with peritoneal metastases.DiscussionOur case rep...
300 Low Absolute Lymphocyte Count at Six Months Post-Heart Transplantation Predictive of Late-Onset CMV

Low Absolute Lymphocyte Count at Six Months Post-Heart Transplantation Predictive of Late-Onset CMV T. Khuu, R. Cheng, A.S. Baas, D. Cruz, A. Nsair, B. Kubak, A. Ardehali, R.J. Shemin, A. Hickey, M.C. Deng. Heart Transplant, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
Multicultural Competence: The Cinderella of Psychology

It seems that APA is even confused on this issue. While we are required to incorporate this specific training into our classrooms, therapy rooms and assessment rooms, it isn’t even listed on the front page of apa.org’s “Psychology Topics” section. Further investigation reveals that the only way to generate magazine articles, newsletters, reports and the like on apa.org is to type multicultural competence into the search box at the top of the website. It almost seems like this area of psychology is the stepsister of ethics, not the full-blooded sister who gets psychologists’ equal amount of professional attention, commitment and concern.
Seeking Reliability in Freedom: The Case of F/Oss

The risks and hazards involved in computerized environments have turned 'reliability' into a major organizing theme in the free software movement. The idealized vision in this computerization movement is that more reliable, secure, and efficient software can be produced under the free/open source software (F/OSS) model than in the alternative proprietary model. The principal public rationales for this vision credit widespread community participation, egalitarian social structures, and open sharing of designs, code, and experience. Interestingly, detractors point to just these elements as reliability risk factors for F/OSS-built products. Both of these visions are frequently based on simplistic accounts of development processes that ignore many of the complexities involved-complexities that cross both social and technical dimensions. This chapter describes and explores the gap between the movement visions, their detractors, and richer outside realities. We report findings from a longitudinal study of Bugzilla-a large-scale, shared, online collaborative issue-tracking and representation system widely used to manage software problems in F/OSS projects, including the well-known products of the Mozilla Foundation. We show how the processes involved in bug-fixing are significantly more convoluted than suggested by the advocates of F/OSS. We also argue that arguments made by F/OSS detractors are biased and dystopian in nature. Both the advocates and detractors base their claims on implicit or explicit assumptions that we analyze here.
Submarine Acoustic Modeling and Application in Torpedo Trajectory Simulation

In torpedo trajectory simulation, the target entity is often regarded as particle. This method simplify the trajectory research, and is often used in research of detecting probability at remote range and of the torpedo classical guiding methods. But it lost precise and creditability. It isn′t adept to apply this method in research of tracking guidance and terminal phase guidance any more, especially not in research of precise guidance. Considering the disadvantage above, we present a ellipsoid modeling method based on two highlights structure for submarine in antisubmarine simulation. And the ellipsoid modeling method has been applied in some simulation projects.
Adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma.

The incidence of malignant melanoma continues to rise steadily in the United States, with approximately 40,300 new cases expected in 1997. A significant number of patients with deep primary lesions or regional lymph node metastases are at high risk for developing recurrent, metastatic disease despite adequate surgical intervention. Therefore, approaches to adjuvant therapy including immunotherapy, such as interferon, levamisole, and vaccines and chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy have been investigated in high-risk patients. The key adjuvant trials are reviewed, with emphasis placed on randomized trials. High-dose interferon-α has recently been shown to modestly improve disease-free and overall survival in a prospective randomized trial of high-risk patients and has been approved by the FDA for this indication. Vaccines, which currently remain experimental, may prove to be equally effective but less toxic options for adjuvant therapy. Also, the identification of more high-risk patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy may be facilitated by sentinel lymph node biopsy and the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for tyrosinase.
Simulating Retinal Images Following Refractive Surgery

Customization of schematic eye models with individual patient data allows insight into the visual processes occurring following refractive surgery.
The use of Sports Related Emotions as a Sustainable Marketing Strategy

Sportswear firms continuously expand even during recession. Unfortunately, economical growth is rarely equated with sustainability as it is suggested that it eventually leads to environmental degradation. Researchers argue that organizations can remain sustainable if they rely on appropriate marketing strategies. Logically, to increase their sustainability efforts, organizations need to try to minimize resource overuse by reaching consumers with one message instead of creating multiple messages to numerous small segments.
Blimp-1–mediated CD4 T cell exhaustion causes CD8 T cell dysfunction during chronic toxoplasmosis

CD8, but not CD4, T cells are considered critical for control of chronic toxoplasmosis. Although CD8 exhaustion has been previously reported in Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE)–susceptible model, our current work demonstrates that CD4 not only become exhausted during chronic toxoplasmosis but this dysfunction is more pronounced than CD8 T cells. Exhausted CD4 population expressed elevated levels of multiple inhibitory receptors concomitant with the reduced functionality and up-regulation of Blimp-1, a transcription factor. Our data demonstrates for the first time that Blimp-1 is a critical regulator for CD4 T cell exhaustion especially in the CD4 central memory cell subset. Using a tamoxifen-dependent conditional Blimp-1 knockout mixed bone marrow chimera as well as an adoptive transfer approach, we show that CD4 T cell–intrinsic deletion of Blimp-1 reversed CD8 T cell dysfunction and resulted in improved pathogen control. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel finding, which demonstrates the role of Blimp-1 as a critical regulator of CD4 dysfunction and links it to the CD8 T cell dysfunctionality observed in infected mice. The critical role of CD4-intrinsic Blimp-1 expression in mediating CD4 and CD8 T cell exhaustion may provide a rational basis for designing novel therapeutic approaches.
Exploratory study of MOOC learners’ demographics and motivation: The case of students involved in groups

This paper reports preliminary findings on students enrolled in a massive open online course, who were also assigned to work in groups. Part of a larger study on the effect of groups on retention and completion in MOOCs, the paper provides students’ demographics (i.e., location, gender, education level, and employment status), and motivation for taking the course. Findings show that women outnumbered men and that students mostly enrolled into the course because of a friend. Indeed, research on MOOCs demonstrates that men outnumber women and that educational pursuit and professional development are the main motivators for taking MOOCs. Yet, this paper shows that when group work is included in a MOOC, women participate more. Furthermore, for students assigned to groups in a MOOC, friends are the principal incentive for enrolling into the course. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and implications for teaching and learning in online environments addressed.
SAR Ground Plane Mover Signatures for Nonzero Radar Ascent

Recent spotlight synthetic aperture radar analyses predict the two-dimensional range migration signature smears induced by targets with arbitrary motion in the ground plane. These investigations were limited to a constant-velocity radar motion with level flight path. The current correspondence removes this constraint by including the radar trajectory ascent angle.
Genetic mapping of principal components of canine pelvic morphology

Concentrated breeding effort to produce various body structures and behaviors of dogs to suit human demand has inadvertently produced unwanted traits and diseases that accompany the morphological and behavioral phenotypes. We explored the relationship between pelvic conformation and canine hip dysplasia (HD) because purebred dogs which are predisposed, or not, to HD share common morphologic features, respectively. Thirteen unique bilateral anatomical features of the pelvis were measured on 392 dogs of 51 breeds and 95 mixed breed dogs. Principal components (PCs) were derived to describe pelvic morphology. Dogs were genotyped at ~183,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and their hip conformation was measured by the Norberg angle and angle of inclination between the femoral neck and diaphysis. No associations reached genome wide significance for the Norberg angle when averaged over both hips. PC1 was negatively correlated with the Norberg angle (r = -0.31; P 0.05). PC1, 2, 4, and 5 differed significantly between male and female dogs confirming pelvic sexual dimorphism. With sex as a covariate, the eigenvector contribution to PC1 reflected the overall size of the pelvis and was significantly associated with the IGF-1 locus, a known contributor to canine body size. PC3, which represented a tradeoff between ilial length and ischial length in which a longer ischium is associated with a shorter ilium, was significantly associated with a marker on canine chromosome 16:5181388 bp. The closest candidate gene is TPK1, a thiamine-dependent enzyme and part of the PKA complex. Associations with the remaining PCs did not reach genome wide significance. IGF-1 was associated with the overall size of the pelvis and sex is related to pelvic size. Ilial/ischial proportion is genetically controlled and the closest candidate gene is thiamine-dependent and affects birth weight and development of the nervous system. Dogs with larger pelves tend to have smaller NAs consistent with increased tendency toward HD in large breed dogs. Based on the current study, pelvic shape alone was not strongly associated with canine hip dysplasia.
Optimal accelerated life tests under a cost constraint with non-uniform stress durations

ABSTRACTTo collect the information about the lifetime distribution of a product, a standard life testing method at normal working conditions is impractical when the product has a substantially long lifespan. Accelerated life testing solves this problem by subjecting the test units at higher stress levels for quicker and more failure data. Due to constrained resources in practice, several decision variables such as the allocation proportions and stress durations must be determined carefully at the design stage in order to run an accelerated life test efficiently. These decision variables directly affect the experimental cost as well as the estimate precision of the parameters of interest. This article investigates these optimal decision variables based on several well-known optimality criteria under the constraint that the total experimental cost does not exceed a pre-specified budget. A general scale family of distributions is considered for the underlying lifetimes to accommodate different lifetime model...
Contact with bisexual individuals reduces binegativity among heterosexuals and lesbian women and gay men

Although binegativity, the stigmatization of bisexuality, is prevalent among heterosexual and lesbian and gay communities, little research has addressed how the quantity and quality of intergroup contact affects binegativity. Drawing on intergroup contact theory, this study examined contact with and attitudes toward bisexuals among heterosexual undergraduates, heterosexual adults, and lesbians and gay men. Knowing more bisexuals (quantity) predicted more positive attitudes toward and decreased intergroup anxiety with male and female bisexuals. A multilevel structural equation model indicated that contact quality simultaneously predicted higher perceived stability of female bisexuality (but not male bisexuality) and tolerance of and less intergroup anxiety with male and female bisexuals when contact quantity was controlled for. This research suggests that both quantity and quality of contact with bisexuals predicts improved intergroup attitudes. Implications for future research on reducing binegativity are discussed.
Impact of trauma exposure and acculturative stress on internalizing symptoms for recently arrived migrant‐origin youth: results from a community‐based partnership

Migrant youth face cultural challenges upon initial adjustment into the United States. Although there is considerable empirical evidence that trauma impacts interpersonal relations, there is a dearth of research examining the association between adverse events and the initial social and cultural exchange experience, and whether this is associated with psychological adjustment. This study examined self-report data for 87 newly arrived migrant-origin students in Grades 5–10 from Latin American, Caribbean, Asian, and African backgrounds attending a public alternative school in the Southeastern United States. Data were collected as part of a community-based partnership. The relation between cumulative trauma exposure and internalizing symptoms was fully mediated by acculturative stress (p < .05), suggesting prior trauma exposure negatively affected these students’ capacity to navigate a new cultural milieu, which in turn is directly associated with internalizing symptoms. Behavioral health care practitioners can use screening procedures early in the academic year to detect which migrant students may be experiencing difficult cultural transitions.
Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: Presumptive Aspects of Frameworks of Types and Levels of Automation:

The current cognitive engineering literature includes a broad range of models of human–automation interaction (HAI) in complex systems. Some of these models characterize types and levels of automat...
Klasa, etniczność i państwo w procesie tworzenia marginalności: Ponowne spojrzenie na obszary miejskiej relegacji

Class, ethnicity, and state in the making of marginality: Revisiting territories of urban relegation In the postindustrial city, relegation takes the form of real or imaginary consignment to distinctive sociospatial formations variously and vaguely referred to as “inner cities,” “ghettos,” “enclaves,” “no-go areas,” “problem districts,” or simply “rough neighborhoods.” How are we characterize and differentiate these spaces, what determines their trajectory (birth, growth, decay and death), whence comes the intense stigma attached to them, and what constellations of class, ethnicity and state do they both materialize and signify? These are the questions I pursued in my book “Urban outcasts” (2008) through a methodical comparison of the trajectories of the black American ghetto and the European working-class peripheries in the era of neoliberal ascendancy. In this article, I revisit this cross-continental sociology of “advanced marginality” to tease out its broader lessons for our understanding of the tangled nexus of symbolic, social and physical space in the polarizing metropolis at century’s threshold in particular, and for bringing the core principles of Bourdieu’s sociology to bear on comparative urban studies in general. Klasa, etnicznośc i panstwo w procesie tworzenia marginalności: Ponowne spojrzenie na obszary miejskiej relegacji W mieście epoki postprzemyslowej relegacja przybiera forme realnego lub wyobrazonego przypisania do odrebnych formacji spoleczno-przestrzennych, na rozne sposoby i niezbyt precyzyjnie określanych jako „środmieścia” (inner cities), „getta”, „enklawy”, „rejony niebezpieczne” (no-go areas), „dzielnice stwarzające problemy” (problem districts) czy po prostu „nieprzyjemne dzielnice” (rough neighborhoods). W jaki sposob opisujemy i odrozniamy owe przestrzenie, co określa ich trajektorie (powstanie, rozwoj, upadek i zanik), skąd wzielo sie silne symboliczne pietno nadane im na przelomie stuleci, a takze jakiego rodzaju powiązania miedzy klasowością, etnicznością i panstwem znajdują w nich materialny oraz znaczeniowy wyraz? Kwestie te podejmuje w ksiązce "Urban outcasts" [Miejscy wyrzutkowie] (2008), w ktorej metodycznie porownuje trajektorie amerykanskiego czarnego getta i europejskich peryferii robotniczych w czasach panowania neoliberalizmu. W niniejszym artykule powracam do tej miedzykontynentalnej socjologii „zaawansowanej marginalności”, mając na celu odsloniecie plynących z niej wnioskow dla lepszego zrozumienia skomplikowanych powiązan przestrzeni symbolicznej, spolecznej i fizycznej w obrebie polaryzującej metropolii na przelomie stuleci oraz, ogolniej, zastosowanie podstawowych zasad socjologii Pierre’a Bourdieu do badan porownawczych nad obszarami miejskimi.
Dystrophin, Associated Proteins, and Muscular Dystrophy

The muscular dystrophies are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle. The prototypical form is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked disorder, but there are nearly 20 rarer similar disorders called limb-girdle dystrophies or congenital muscular dystrophies. Duchenne dystrophy is caused by loss of dystrophin, a 427 kDa cytoskeletal actin-binding protein. A cluster of proteins that form an integral membrane complex (dystroglycans, sarcoglycans) links dystrophin to the extracellular matrix. This bridge provides the sarcolemma with critical mechanical stability. Mutations in the dystrophin-associated proteins are the cause of several limb-girdle dystrophies. Glycosylation of several of these proteins is essential for normal function. Mutations in putative glycosyltransferases which apparently facilitate this glycosylation are responsible for some congenital muscular dystrophies and limb-girdle dystrophies.
A 0.97–1.53-GHz Tunable Four-Pole Bandpass Filter With Four Transmission Zeroes

In this letter, a miniature 0.97–1.53-GHz tunable four-pole bandpass filter with constant fractional bandwidth is demonstrated. The filter consists of three quarter-wavelength resonators and one half-wavelength resonator. By introducing cross-coupling, two transmission zeroes are generated and are located at both sides of the passband. Also, source–load coupling is employed to produce two extra transmission zeroes, resulting in a miniature ( $0.09\lambda _{{\text {g}}}\times 0.1\lambda _{{\text {g}}}$ ) four-pole, four-transmission zero filter with high selectivity. The measured results show a tuning range of 0.97–1.53 GHz with an insertion loss of 4.2–2 dB and 1-dB fractional bandwidth of 5.5%. The four transmission zeroes change with the passband synchronously, ensuring high selectivity over a wide tuning range. The application areas are in software-defined radios in high-interference environments.
Gastric analysis with oral stimuli. A comparative study with maximal betazole stimulation.

Eighteen male patients had two gastric secretory studies which compared the response to a standard subcutaneous dose of betazole with the response to an oral test meal of betazole combined with the cholinergic drug bethanechol. Correlative analysis revealed no significant difference in volume, acid output, or pepsin output between these two methods; side effects during the oral study were minimal. Since all methods of studying the maximal secretory capacity of the stomach are highly correlated, it is suggested that the lower incidence of side effects with oral studies might make these preferable in the initial investigation; parenteral stimuli with pentagastrin, histamine or betazole might then follow at a later date in selected patients.
Dual Inhibition of TAF1 and BET Bromodomains from the BI-2536 Kinase Inhibitor Scaffold.

Recent reports have highlighted the dual bromodomains of TAF1 (TAF1(1,2)) as synergistic with BET inhibition in cellular cancer models, engendering interest in TAF/BET polypharmacology. Here, we ex...
An Evidence Theory Based Advisory Layer for All-Electric Ship Power Systems

This paper proposes an advisory layer for all-electric ship power systems. The layer considers the limited operating time aspect of generator sets that the sacrifice of instant benefits in order to achieve long-term goals of long service time and system reliability could be beneficial. In this work, the objective is to ensure a satisfying availability for all generators during a mission. To this end, forecasting models are constructed to predict failure rates and load demands as these measures are closely related to system availability. The predictions are then fed into the energy management layer to reconfigure the optimal resource allocation once the quality of service is met. Evidence theory is used to deal with uncertainty in our work. The integration of the layer into existing designs of ship power systems is discussed as well. A simulation is carried out to demonstrate the proposed work.
Pain Management in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Pain following surgery is predictable. However, the postoperative experience of any one individual varies in severity and duration. As we understand more about the complex interplay of risk factors for persistent pain following knee surgery, recognize the role of individual pharmaceutical agents, and develop regional analgesia techniques that promote early mobilization, fewer patients are left suffering from the lack of effective analgesia. This chapter offers the reader a comprehensive view of the options for pain relief following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Many of these techniques are used in combination in an effort to produce an enhanced benefit and minimized detriment to patients, commonly referred to as multimodal analgesia.
Clergy Abuse: What Is to Be Done?

Why do some priests engage in the sexual abuse of children? What are the warning signs for parents? Is there a typical profile of priests who are more likely to engage in sexual abuse of children? What is to be done about clergy abuse? These questions have been addressed in this paper. Previous studies focused more on psychopathology, deviant opportunities, age, and the role of socialization in clergy abuse. This paper goes further by arguing that the initial psychological/psychiatric evaluation of applicants into seminaries is inadequate and that the educational curriculum of seminaries contributes to clergy abuse. Majority of Catholic priests involved in child sexual abuse suffered from psychiatric and psychological problems, were involved in substance abuse, suffered from endocrine disorders and were victims of childhood sexual and physical abuse themselves. This paper maintains that it is possible to predict a clergy who is more likely to engage in sexual misconduct. After reviewing data on some of the convicted priests, and some academic catalogs of Catholic seminaries, several recommendations are made.
Scenario-Transferable Semantic Graph Reasoning for Interaction-Aware Probabilistic Prediction.

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for autonomous vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles need to navigate in dynamically changing environments, they are expected to make accurate predictions regardless of where they are and what driving circumstances they encountered. A number of methodologies have been proposed to solve prediction problems under different traffic situations. However, these works either focus on one particular driving scenario (e.g. highway, intersection, or roundabout) or do not take sufficient environment information (e.g. road topology, traffic rules, and surrounding agents) into account. In fact, the limitation to certain scenario is mainly due to the lackness of generic representations of the environment. The insufficiency of environment information further limits the flexibility and transferability of the predictor. In this paper, we propose a scenario-transferable and interaction-aware probabilistic prediction algorithm based on semantic graph reasoning, which predicts behaviors of selected agents. We put forward generic representations for various environment information and utilize them as building blocks to construct their spatio-temporal structural relations. We then take the advantage of these structured representations to develop a flexible and transferable prediction algorithm, where the predictor can be directly used under unforeseen driving circumstances that are completely different from training scenarios. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly examined under several complicated real-world driving scenarios to demonstrate its flexibility and transferability with the generic representation for autonomous driving systems.
Supporting disabled parents and their families: perspectives and recommendations from parents, attorneys, and child welfare professionals

While it is well-established that parents with disabilities and their families are over-represented in the child welfare system, no known research has described the parents,’ child welfare professi...
Rehabilitation of the Throwing Athlete—How to Get Them Back to Sport

Rehabilitation of the overhead athlete must take into account the loads required to perform their sport early in the postoperative treatment. While general concepts of range of motion and strength specific to the surgical repair are important, enhanced surgical and rehabilitative techniques have resulted in fewer complications and an expedited return to play progression. The biomechanical rehabilitative needs of the sport should include but not be limited to rotator cuff stability, scapular stability, core strength, hip mobility, hip stability, contralateral arm strength, and posterior kinetic chain strength. This chapter will address these rehabilitative approaches as the athlete transitions from postsurgical rehabilitation to optimal throwing performance.
Male Strippers and the Toll of Exotic Dance

While researchers have looked at the impact stripping has for female exotic dancers, very little attention has been given to the consequences the profession has for male strippers. In this research...
Trehalose as an alternative to glycerol as a glassing agent for in vivo DNP MRI.

PURPOSE In dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), the solution needs to form a glass to attain significant levels of polarization in reasonable time periods. Molecules that do not form glasses by themselves are often mixed with glass forming excipients. Although glassing agents are often essential in DNP studies, they have the potential to perturb the metabolic measurements that are being studied. Glycerol, the glassing agent of choice for in vivo DNP studies, is effective in reducing ice crystal formation during freezing, but is rapidly metabolized, potentially altering the redox and adenosine triphosphate balance of the system. METHODS DNP buildup curves of 13 C urea and alanine with OX063 in the presence of trehalose, glycerol, and other polyol excipients were measured as a function of concentration. T1 and Tm relaxation times for OX063 in the presence of trehalose were measured by EPR. RESULTS Approximately 15-20 wt% trehalose gives a glass that polarizes samples more rapidly than the commonly used 60%-wt formulation of glycerol and yields similar polarization levels within clinically relevant timeframes. CONCLUSIONS Trehalose may be an attractive biologically inert alternative to glycerol for situations where there may be concerns about glycerol's glucogenic potential and possible alteration of the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate and redox balance.
Development of blast-resistant rice varieties based on application of DNA technologies

Diseases of crops are the main reason for the decrease in yield and product quality. Blast is the most dangerous disease in all areas of world rice cultivation. The most effective, economically viable, and environmentally friendly strategy to combat it is the development of resistant varieties. The use of molecular genetic markers (DNA markers) linked to the loci of blast resistance is relevant in this direction. The objective of the study was to introgress and pyramid genes effective in the south of Russia for race-specific resistance to blast Pi ta, Pi-b, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-40 into the genotypes of highly productive rice varieties of domestic breeding to obtain new forms resistant to P. oryzae. To achieve this, varieties Flagman and Boyarin were hybridized with the donors of resistance to blast IR-36, Bl-1, C101-Lac, C101Lac-A-51, IR 83260-2-10-5-2-1-B, which have the genes Pi-ta, Ρi-b, Pi-1 + Pi-33, Pi-2, Pi-40, respectively, with a growing season of more than 150 days. Three backcrosses were carried out and the breeding material was obtained. Several samples with high rates of milled rice quality and blast resistance, productivity, and other economically valuable traits were identified. The program for combining the genes of resistance to blast was performed. The hybridization of the obtained genotypes with the integrated Pi genes between themselves in their various combinations was carried out. The result was a breeding variety with three resistance genes (Pi-1; Pi-2; Pi-33). The cultivation of such varieties in production will reduce the use of chemical protective equipment and avoid pollution of grain ecosystems.
Publicity, Debt, and Politics: The Old Regime and the French Revolution

The French Revolution of 1789 both declared existing taxes illegitimate and vowed to honor the state’s existing debts. This tension between maintaining commitments and breaking with the past had the unintended effect of stimulating further innovation: the revolution spread from the fiscal regime, to the political, to the monetary, and then around again. Public debt was not an economic problem (the debt was larger and the tax burden heavier in Britain) but a political one.
Hyperglycemia is Associated With Increased Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between hyperglycemia in the presence and absence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and adverse outcomes in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The study included 133 patients with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at an urban academic quaternary-care center between March 10 and April 8, 2020. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of DM and early-onset hyperglycemia (EHG), defined as a blood glucose >180 mg/dL during the first 2 days after ICU admission. The primary outcome was 14-day all-cause in-hospital mortality; also examined were 60-day all-cause in-hospital mortality and the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, procalcitonin, and lactate. RESULTS: Compared to non-DM patients without EHG, non-DM patients with EHG exhibited higher adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality at 14 days (HR 7.51, CI 1.70-33.24) and 60 days (HR 6.97, CI 1.86-26.13). Non-DM patients with EHG also featured higher levels of median C-reactive protein (306.3 mg/L, P = .036), procalcitonin (1.26 ng/mL, P = .028), and lactate (2.2 mmol/L, P = .023). CONCLUSION: Among critically ill COVID-19 patients, those without DM with EHG were at greatest risk of 14-day and 60-day in-hospital mortality. Our study was limited by its retrospective design and relatively small cohort. However, our results suggest the combination of elevated glucose and lactate may identify a specific cohort of individuals at high risk for mortality from COVID-19. Glucose testing and control are important in individuals with COVID-19, even those without preexisting diabetes.
High-speed running density in collegiate women's lacrosse.

High-speed running density (HSRd) is the ratio of high-speed efforts and distance covered. This study aimed to evaluate differences in HSRd between training, games, and among positions in collegiat...
Stem cells in the treatment of sickle cell disease

Sickle Cell Disease SCD is autosomal recessive disorder that is the result of a point mutation in the coding region of the beta globin gene Polymerization of red blood cells with the sickle hemoglobin result in painful clinical symptoms and early death due to end organ failure Improvement of treatment has extended the survival of adolescents into adulthood and offers relief of symptoms but does not offer a cure against the diagnosis being the inevitable cause of an early death In addition response to therapies vary between patients depending on their responsiveness and metabolism of medications Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers reduction of recipient HgbS through replacing it with HgbA from the donor Increased use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation HSCT offers a curative therapy for patients with SCD that have access to an HLA identical donor However limitations to indications for HSCT result due to associated toxicities with myeloablative conditioning and risk of graft failure Reduced intensity and nonmyeloablative conditioning look at reducing associated toxicities and making HSCT readily available for the adult population through mixed chimerism In addition clinical trials looking at alternative donors and gene therapies expand the availability of HSCT for the vast majority of patients without an HLA identical donor
Persistent Facial and Chest Papular and Pustular Eruption in a Stem Cell Transplant Patient.

Demodex folliculitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit due to the Demodex folliculorum mite.1 The mite is a normal inhabitant of the human hair follicle and though they have been found in all areas of human skin, they predominate on the face. The face, with a high density of active sebaceous glands is a desirable home for demodex mites who feed on exfoliated epidermal cells and sebaceous gland secretions. The eruption of demodex folliculitis can mimic many common skin pathologies such as rosacea, acne vulgaris, and bacterial folliculitis.2 When demodex folliculitis occurs with immunocompromised patients, the clinical presentation can be atypical and severe.3 Herein, we report a case of severe demodex folliculitis and review of the literature.
Just what can a 19th century bottle tell us

Like all artifacts, 19th century bottles reveal different kinds of information. Formal characteristics, contextual patterns, and behavioral correlates to patterns of material culture, are all familiar avenues of inquiry in archaeology. An ongoing project at the University of Arizona depends on the analysis of bottles in large measure, in order to study patterns of alcohol consumption among selected ethnic and economic groups. The actual amount of alcohol consumed appears to be an individual decision. The results support treatment programs for alcohol abuse that focus on the individual and not the group.
Hybrid state vector methods for structural dynamic and aeroelastic boundary value problems

A computational technique is developed that is suitable for performing preliminary design aeroelastic and structural dynamic analyses of large aspect ratio lifting surfaces. The method proves to be quite general and can be adapted to solving various two point boundary value problems. The solution method, which is applicable to both fixed and rotating wing configurations, is based upon a formulation of the structural equilibrium equations in terms of a hybrid state vector containing generalized force and displacement variables. A mixed variational formulation is presented that conveniently yields a useful form for these state vector differential equations. Solutions to these equations are obtained by employing an integrating matrix method. The application of an integrating matrix provides a discretization of the differential equations that only requires solutions of standard linear matrix systems. It is demonstrated that matrix partitioning can be used to reduce the order of the required solutions. Results are presented for several example problems in structural dynamics and aeroelasticity to verify the technique and to demonstrate its use. These problems examine various types of loading and boundary conditions and include aeroelastic analyses of lifting surfaces constructed from anisotropic composite materials.
Reexamining the Quantum–Classical Relation: Bohr's generalization of classical mechanics

Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Shakespeare , Hamlet, Act 1 Scene 4 The rise and fall of the old quantum theory The principles of the old quantum theory were first articulated by Niels Bohr in 1913 in a three-part paper titled “On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules.” Bohr had adopted Ernest Rutherford's model of the atom, according to which the mass of the atom is concentrated in a small central nucleus, while the electrons orbit the nucleus in planetary trajectories. The key challenge facing Rutherford's model was that it was unstable: according to classical electrodynamics, the electron, which is a moving charged body, should radiate energy and so eventually collapse into the nucleus. Bohr's solution was to incorporate Max Planck's theory of radiation, according to which “the energy radiation from an atomic system does not take place in the continuous way assumed in ordinary electrodynamics, but that it, on the contrary, takes place in distinctly separated emissions” (Bohr 1913, p. 4; BCW 2, p. 164). In this early paper, and most subsequent accounts, Bohr summarized his quantum theory by means of two assumptions or postulates. According to the first postulate, electrons cannot travel in any path they like around the nucleus, rather atomic systems can only exist in a series of discrete “stationary states,” in which the electron is in a particular allowed stable periodic orbit and is not emitting radiation.
Application of space-time linear block codes to parallel wireless relays in mobile ad hoc networks

A recent study has shown that parallel wireless relays are useful for ad hoc mobile networking. In this paper, we further explore space-time linear block codes applicable to the parallel relays. We examine the structures of the signals received at a destination assisted by multiple relays with space-time modulations. We also provide a compact form of the Cramer-Rao bound on the channel estimation at the destination where the noise variance depends on channel parameters.
Congressional Devolution of Powers and Preemption of State Regulatory Powers: Countervailing Trends

Congress is free to devolve its domestic powers to states with the exception of coinage and in 1789 enacted the first statute devolving powers to state, and in 1790 enacted the first two of 615 preemption statutes removing regulatory powers from the states. There are nine types of devolution statutes with savings clauses in preemption acts the most common type. Preemption statutes vary in length from less than one page to hundreds of pages, and some are included in another preemption statute or in an omnibus consolidated appropriation act. Courts play a key role in determining whether a statute is a preemptive if it lacks an explicit preemption statement. The proliferation of these statutes has produced a democratic deficit by making it difficult for citizens to determine which plane of government is responsible for many regulatory functions. Congress could clarify to an extent the responsibilities of each plane by directing national regulatory departments and agencies to prepare a Code of Restrictions for each partial preemption statute and implementing regulations. Furthermore, Congress should enact additional innovative preemption statutes respecting state sovereignty while promoting more harmonious state regulation.
Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology

This book revolutionizes how vision can be taught to undergraduate and graduate students in cognitive science, psychology, and optometry. It is the first comprehensive textbook on vision to reflect the integrated computational approach of modern research scientists. This new interdisciplinary approach, called "vision science," integrates psychological, computational, and neuroscientific perspectives. The book covers all major topics related to vision, from early neural processing of image structure in the retina to high-level visual attention, memory, imagery, and awareness. The presentation throughout is theoretically sophisticated yet requires minimal knowledge of mathematics. There is also an extensive glossary, as well as appendices on psychophysical methods, connectionist modeling, and color technology. The book will serve not only as a comprehensive textbook on vision, but also as a valuable reference for researchers in cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience, computer science, optometry, and philosophy.
Antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems based on minimum error rate

Future cellular systems will employ spatial multiplexing with multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver to take advantage of large capacity gains. In such systems it will be desirable to select a subset of available transmit antennas for link initialization, link maintenance, or handoff. In this paper we present a criteria for selecting the optimal antenna subset in terms of minimum error rate, when coherent receivers, either linear or maximum likelihood (ML), are used over a slowly varying channel. For the ML receiver we propose to pick the subset whose output constellation has the largest minimum Euclidean distance. For the linear receiver we propose use of the post-processing SNRs (signal to noise ratios) of the multiplexed streams whereby the antenna subset that induces the largest minimum SNR is chosen. Simulations demonstrate that our selection algorithms also provides diversity advantage thus making subset selection useful over fading channels.
Volatiles in glasses from the HSDP2 drill core

H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F concentrations are reported for 556 glasses from the submarine section of the 1999 phase of HSDP drilling in Hilo, Hawaii, providing a high-resolution record of magmatic volatiles over ~200 kyr of a Hawaiian volcano's lifetime. Glasses range from undegassed to having lost significant volatiles at near-atmospheric pressure. Nearly all hyaloclastite glasses are degassed, compatible with formation from subaerial lavas that fragmented on entering the ocean and were transported by gravity flows down the volcano flank. Most pillows are undegassed, indicating submarine eruption. The shallowest pillows and most massive lavas are degassed, suggesting formation by subaerial flows that penetrated the shoreline and flowed some distance under water. Some pillow rim glasses have H2O and S contents indicating degassing but elevated CO2 contents that correlate with depth in the core; these tend to be more fractionated and could have formed by mixing of degassed, fractionated magmas with undegassed magmas during magma chamber overturn or by resorption of rising CO2-rich bubbles by degassed magmas. Intrusive glasses are undegassed and have CO2 contents similar to adjacent pillows, indicating intrusion shallow in the volcanic edifice. Cl correlates weakly with H2O and S, suggesting loss during low-pressure degassing, although most samples appear contaminated by seawater-derived components. F behaves as an involatile incompatible element. Fractionation trends were modeled using MELTS. Degassed glasses require fractionation at pH2O ≈ 5–10 bars. Undegassed low-SiO2 glasses require fractionation at pH2O ≈ 50 bars. Undegassed and partially degassed high-SiO2 glasses can be modeled by coupled crystallization and degassing. Eruption depths of undegassed pillows can be calculated from their volatile contents assuming vapor saturation. The amount of subsidence can be determined from the difference between this depth and the sample's depth in the core. Assuming subsidence at 2.5 mm/y, the amount of subsidence suggests ages of ~500 ka for samples from the lower 750 m of the core, consistent with radiometric ages. H2O contents of undegassed low-SiO2 HSDP2 glasses are systematically higher than those of high-SiO2 glasses, and their H2O/K2O and H2O/Ce ratios are higher than typical tholeiitic pillow rim glasses from Hawaiian volcanoes.