cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concepts and Languages for Privacy-Preserving Attribute-Based Authentication

Existing cryptographic realizations of privacy-friendly authentication mechanisms such as anonymous credentials, minimal disclosure tokens, selfblindable credentials, and group signatures vary largely in the features they offer and in how these features are realized. Some features such as revocation or de-anonymization even require the combination of several cryptographic protocols. These differences and the complexity of the cryptographic protocols hinder the deployment of these mechanisms for practical applications and also make it almost impossible to switch the underlying cryptographic algorithms once the application has been designed. In this paper, we aim to overcome this issue and simplify both the design and deployment of privacy-friendly authentication mechanisms. We define and unify the concepts and features of privacy-preserving attribute-based credentials (Privacy-ABCs) and provide a language framework in XML schema. Our language framework enables application developers to use Privacy-ABCs with all their features without having to consider the specifics of the underlying cryptographic algorithms—similar to as they do today for digital signatures, where they do not need to worry about the particulars of the RSA and DSA algorithms either.
Politically Correct Speech: Readers Respond

This article responds to a previous article dealing with politically correct speech. See “Politically Correct Speech” Illinois Bar Journal, Vol. 87 No. 4 (April, 1999).
Students' Distrust of the Government's Economic Data

A survey of our introductory economics students reveals much distrust of the government's economic data, such as the unemployment rate. Large majorities of the students believe that the government abuses the seasonal adjustment process to make the economy appear stronger than it is and that the government manipulates the release dates of the economic indicators for political advantage. The distrust, which is unwarranted, is especially disturbing because the unemployment rate is derived from a survey of households, and if the respondents in the households distrust the process, they may respond dishonestly to the survey; i.e., their suspicions can be self-fulfilling. Teachers of macro principles would therefore perform a useful service by dispelling their students' cynicism.
Abstract W P284: Stroke CORE Measure Data Submission to CMS: Process Improvement Initiative

Background: As of January 2013, CMS required hospitals to submit Stroke CORE Measure data on all discharged patients in order to be eligible for full reimbursement in Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2014. Failure to do so results in a payment reduction to hospitals. Furthermore, rapid-change-cycle and continuous quality improvement programs suggest that a rapid communication feedback approach can improve compliance with evidence-based practice. To meet impending data-reporting and fiscal challenges, the 5 campus hospital organization implemented strategies in Aug-Dec 2012 to: reduce labor costs related to stroke core measure reporting without increasing risk to full CMS reimbursement; and decrease the FY 2012 lag time between patient discharge, and communication of core measure compliance to clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine if: (1) savings in labor dollars were achieved; (2) risk of CMS payment reduction did not increase; and (3) reduction in time from discharge to internal reporting was achieved. Methods: Minutes/case abstraction of CORE Measures were directly measured for all inpatient stroke cases discharged in October, 2012/60 minutes. Number of hours was multiplied by the cost of labor/hour to establish a labor cost/case baseline. Time/case was reassessed in April, 2013. Successful submission of data to CMS Jan-March, 2013 was determiner of risk. Retrospective review of May -July, 2012 was used to establish a comparative baseline (equal to 65 days). Days from discharge until data resulted to clinician were audited from January-March, 2013 using quality control tool. Goal was set at 21 days or less. Results: In the time period analyzed, the labor cost related to time spent abstracting each case was reduced by 20%. Risk of failure to follow CMS public reporting rules was not increased, and the first quarter (Jan-March 2013) results were submitted/accepted by CMS with no quality control issues. During the time period reviewed, the days from patient discharge to internal reporting of compliance results was reduced from 65 to 21 or less. Conclusion: The process improvement strategies achieved all goals and clinical improvements during the period reviewed. The sustainability of these results is the subject of on-going, quarterly reassessment.
Falling and Mobility Experiences of Stroke Survivors and Spousal Caregivers

ABSTRACTMore than 50% of survivors of stroke (SSs) fall after discharge from the hospital, some of whom sustain significant injury. The purpose of this study was to explore SSs’ and spousal caregivers’ (CGs’) lived experiences about falling and general mobility. Qualitative methods were used to perform a secondary analysis of interviews obtained from a larger study of 133 couples. Time, loss, and life changes emerged as themes in the qualitative analysis of expressers with “keep stepping no matter what,” as the overarching theme. Number of SSs were examined for reports of falls and fall-related events. Of the 133 couples, 65 were in the original study's intervention group. Sixty-six percent of the intervention group reported at least one fall, and 12% of the intervention group and total study population sustained fall-related adverse events. Health care providers can learn from the experiences of SSs and CGs related to falling and mobility for enhanced discharge planning and fall prevention. Falling can c...
A practical approach to identification of yeast-like organisms.

A sequential yeast work-up for expeditious identification of yeast-like organisms is proposed. The procedure is within the capabilities of most diagnostic laboratories. It was developed on the basis of an evaluation of the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of the germ tube test, morphologic examination, and sugar assimilation and fermentation tests of 530 yeast-like organisms isolated from clinical specimens. As a result of this study, with the proposed work-up, 96.4% of these yeast-like organisms would be correctly identified within 72 hr. of isolation. An additional 1.2% would be identified incorrectly, and 2.4% would require more than 72 hr. for proper identification.
Application of Error Identification Technique in Point of Fall Forecasting of Trajectory Correction Projectiles

Because the observation data of exterior trajectory are comparative complex,for improving the correction effects of trajectory correction projectiles,the observation data can be divided into several parts as the trend term,the period term and the stochastic error term.After least square fitting for the trend term and identifying the period term,the correlated noises and white noises are separated out from the observation data of exterior trajectory,and their respective error characteristics and variation regularity are estimated.The results of simulation show that based on this real-time error identification method the trajectory correction projectiles can gain better correction effects.
23 Teaching about gun violence in the deep south

Statement of purpose In a state where over half of households own a gun, college students are resistant to discuss the perils of gun ownership. This study compares two teaching strategies used to overcome this problem in an injury prevention class taught at a large state university in the Southeastern United States. Methods/approach Students (˜35/semester) enrolled in an upper-level undergraduate injury prevention course. The format was hybrid (twice/week in-class, once/week online). The first semester, students read a chapter on gun violence, followed by an in-class discussion. The second semester, students watched an online gun violence panel discussion of experts and wrote a reflection. During the following in-class meeting, students discussed in small groups safety concerns of professors and students carrying guns on campus. Results During the first semester, students were visibly uncomfortable, avoided talking about the topic, and indicated that they were not knowledgeable enough to discuss with peers. During the second semester, students reported learning a great deal from the online panel discussion and wrote thoughtful reflections. All groups concluded that the campus would not be safer if professors and students were allowed to carry guns. However, many stated that they might feel safer if professors carried guns, following safety training. Conclusions Observing the panel discussion and reflecting privately provided a safe space for students to reconcile their previous held beliefs with evidence. Students clearly saw dangers of gun violence, not understood previously. In spite of evidence, the experience was not strong enough to undo the belief that armed professors would protect them and that safety training is enough to counterbalance the dangers of guns. Significance/contributions Gun violence is infrequently discussed in undergraduate education. More research is needed to examine best teaching strategies to modify widely-held beliefs.
Reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among young low-income behaviourally bisexual women: implications for nursing practice.

Aims and objectives To describe prevalence of reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among women reporting lifetime sexual experiences with men and women compared to peers reporting sex exclusively with men. Background Reproductive coercion, a global public health problem, is understudied among sexual minority women. Violence against women remains high among women who have sex with women and men. Rates of sexual and physical violence among this population are higher than women reporting exclusive sexual partnerships with either men or women. Nurses and other healthcare providers often do not conduct comprehensive sexual histories; assumptions related to a sex partner's gender may provide indications of broader health implications. Design Cross-sectional survey of low-income Black women ages 18–25 recruited from six community-based sites for a parent study focused on intimate partner violence and health. Methods We analysed survey data from participants who reported lifetime sexual experiences with men and women (N = 42) and compared their outcomes to those of women reporting sexual experiences with men only (N = 107). Results A greater proportion of women who have sex with women and men reported experiencing reproductive coercion. Women who have sex with women and men also reported a greater number of lifetime intimate partner physical and sexual violence experiences, traded sex for resources, and had post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusions Findings provide vital information that can inform nursing clinical practice, specifically related to history-taking, screening protocols and counselling strategies for intimate partner violence and mental health among women who have sex with women and men. Relevance to clinical practice Strategies for addressing reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence as well as the health consequences among women who have sex with women and men in clinical and community-based settings should include a longitudinal understanding of sexual behaviour and gender of sex partners.
Hydrophobic Contact Density Distribution Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on hydrophobic contact density distribution functions. The hydrophobic effect, as it concerns the stability of globular proteins, remains actively investigated and discussed. One particular group of models of hydrophobic interactions counts the number of apolar atoms, separated by distances of less than an arbitrary value. The number of such contacts may then be related to some experimentally observed quantity. Often, a phenomenological relationship may then be derived to allow the structural information to predict various thermodynamic properties. Given the relatively large number of globular proteins having known structures, it should be possible to directly examine the distances between apolar carbons and determine the distribution of the distance between any two atoms. The chapter describes such a comparison.
Advanced ERCP: Cholangioscopy and Through-the-Scope Imaging

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has revolutionized the diagnostic and therapeutic management of both biliary and pancreatic pathology. The use of per oral cholangioscopy with the use of mother-daughter and single operator cholangioscopy allows for directed biopsies and directed treatment of biliary disease. Further advances in imaging to include intraductal ultrasound, narrowband imaging, and confocal microscopy will expand the diagnostic ability of advanced ERCP. Advanced ERCP techniques will continue to advance the diagnostic and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disease into the future.
Estimating Indoor PM2.5 and CO Concentrations in Households in Southern Nepal: The Nepal Cookstove Intervention Trials

High concentrations of household air pollution (HAP) due to biomass fuel usage with unvented, insufficient combustion devices are thought to be an important health risk factor in South Asia population. To better characterize the indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), and to understand their impact on health in rural southern Nepal, this study analyzed daily monitoring data collected with DataRAM pDR-1000 and LASCAR CO data logger in 2980 households using traditional biomass cookstove indoor through the Nepal Cookstove Intervention Trial–Phase I between March 2010 and October 2011. Daily average PM2.5 and CO concentrations collected in area near stove were 1,376 (95% CI, 1,331–1,423) μg/m3 and 10.9 (10.5–11.3) parts per million (ppm) among households with traditional cookstoves. The 95th percentile, hours above 100μg/m3 for PM2.5 or 6ppm for CO, and hours above 1000μg/m3 for PM2.5 or 9ppm for CO were also reported. An algorithm was developed to differentiate stove-influenced (SI) periods from non-stove-influenced (non-SI) periods in monitoring data. Average stove-influenced concentrations were 3,469 (3,350–3,588) μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 21.8 (21.1–22.6) ppm for CO. Dry season significantly increased PM2.5 concentration in all metrics; wood was the cleanest fuel for PM2.5 and CO, while adding dung into the fuel increased concentrations of both pollutants. For studies in rural southern Nepal, CO concentration is not a viable surrogate for PM2.5 concentrations based on the low correlation between these measures. In sum, this study filled a gap in knowledge on HAP in rural Nepal using traditional cookstoves and revealed very high concentrations in these households.
Authenticity and Carrier Agents: The Social Construction of Political Gaffes

Political campaigns require constant performance from politicians. This presents ample opportunity for the occurrence of political gaffes. While it is not surprising that political gaffes can have a major impact on political campaigns, the process by which a gaffe is transformed into a meaning-laden defining campaign event is underanalyzed. To address this, we analyze and reconstruct the media trajectory of three instances, two involving Senate candidates (George Allen and Todd Akin) and one a presidential candidate (Mitt Romney), in which gaffes were constructed into meaning-laden events. We find that constructing a political gaffe as a meaning-laden event is a deeply social process. Our research highlights the impact of sousveillance (surveillance from below) and the difficulty that political performers have maintaining consistent “authentic” performances. Recounting the trajectories of these three gaffes allows for a detailing of the diverse methods by which the hybrid media system was effectively mobilized by “carrier agents” (actors with narrative capacity and media know-how). Further, we find that these gaffes proved particularly salient because they were interpreted as embodying an authentic representation of the candidate while simultaneously violating emergent norms of inclusive democratic public discourse.
Use of Color Range Indicator Technology on Point-of-Care Meters May Ease Self-Management of Blood Glucose:

The study by Grady et al is timely and exciting striving toward better understanding of relevant human factors in the design of their glucose meter displays. Their investigation focused on meaningful device optimization objectives that could be important to improving diabetes self-management. Grady et al are to be complimented for their development of a PC-based computer simulator to further our understanding of how patients interpret their glucose meter readings. What is interesting is that important, and hopefully more appropriate decisions, can be made daily or hourly when a meter is capable of displaying the most relevant information in a manner that will prompt the user toward more favorable glucose management decisions.
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes

The clinical features of 101 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy beginning in adolescence were studied by standardized interview at the Department of Neurology, Austin Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Impact of fog drip versus fog immersion on the physiology of Bishop pine saplings

Fog-drip to the soil is the most obvious contribution of fog to the water budget of an ecosystem, but several studies provide convincing evidence that foliar absorption of fog water through leaf wetting events is also possible. The focus of our research was to assess the relative importance of fog drip and fog immersion (foliar wetting) on leaf gas-exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity of a coastal pine species, Bishop pine (Pinus muricata D.Don), a drought-sensitive species restricted to the fog belt of coastal California and offshore islands. In a controlled experiment, we manipulated fog water inputs to potted Bishop pine saplings during a 3 week dry-down period. Ten saplings were randomly assigned one of two fog treatments: (1) fog drip to the soil and canopy fog immersion, or (2) fog immersion alone. Five saplings were assigned the ‘control’ group and received no fog water inputs. We found that fog immersion alone significantly increased carbon assimilation rates and photosynthetic capacity of saplings as soil moisture declined compared with those that received no fog at all. The highest carbon assimilation rates were observed in saplings that also received fog drip. Soil moisture was 40% higher in the fog immersion compared with the control group during the dry-down, indicating a reduced demand for soil water in saplings that had only leaves wetted by canopy interception of fog. Leaf-level physiology is more strongly enhanced by fog drip compared with fog immersion, although the results of this study provide evidence that foliar absorption is a viable mechanism by which Bishop pines use fog water and that it can enhance instantaneous plant carbon gain and potentially whole plant productivity.
Negative pressure wound therapy, staged excision and definitive closure with split-thickness skin graft for axillary hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective study

Objective: Bilateral axillary hidradenitis is a chronic, suppurative, and scarring disease that is most effectively treated by complete excision of all hair-bearing tissues. We assessed our staged procedure for excision and placement of a split-thickness skin graft for bilateral axillary hidradenitis in terms of costs, outcomes, and timing of excision. Method: An IRB approved retrospective case analysis was performed on patients that underwent bilateral axillary hidradenitis skin excision with eventual placement of split-thickness skin grafting using the current LSUHSC/University Health hidradenitis surgical treatment protocol. Using ICD-9 codes (705.83) and CPT codes (11041, 11042, 11451, 11600, 11601, 11602, 11603, 11604) we reviewed cases performed at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 24 Febuary 2014 and we selected patients based on bilateral axillary involvement (alone) and >1 year history of active disease. Patients were excluded if resection of tissue encompassed regions outside of the immedia...
Double Plating of Distal Fibula Fractures.

Introduction. Distal fibula fractures are common orthopaedic injuries that often require open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to anatomically reduce the fracture and minimize the risk of posttra...
Contamination Problems in the Recycling of Concrete

Concrete rubble has the possibility of being contaminated by a variety of foreign materials. The presence of contaminants should be considered when old concrete is to be incorporated into new, and an assessment made of their potential undesirable interactions, if any, under the anticipated service conditions of the new concrete. It should be said at the outset that there is little published literature giving quantitative information about the level and effects of various contaminants. Nevertheless, one can make a useful qualitative survey based on a general knowledge of the properties of concrete and concrete-making materials.
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) using a non-EpCAM-based, high-definition, single-cell assay in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for patients enrolled on phase I and II trials of sorafenib plus temsirolimus.

311Background: Noninvasive biomarkers are needed for diagnosis, prognosis, and molecular profiling of HCC due to scarcity of tumor tissue and heterogeneous tumor biology. CTC are detectable in meta...
Beyond the museum's mandate

Inside the Lost Museum , by Steven Lubar, gives readers a privileged peek into the storerooms, boardrooms, and curatorial offices of many storied institutions. In doing so, the book offers a scholarly snap­shot of the role that museums have played throughout history, as well as the challenges they face today.
The Dark Side of Status

Merton’s work on the Matthew Effect identified as a key downside of status attainment systems the negative consequences borne by individuals who matched their peers in talent but for a variety of r...
Structural Dynamics Control Allosteric Activation of Cytohesin Family Arf GTPase Exchange Factors.

Summary Membrane dynamic processes including vesicle biogenesis depend on Arf guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) containing a catalytic Sec7 domain and a membrane-targeting module such as a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The catalytic output of cytohesin family Arf GEFs is controlled by autoinhibitory interactions that impede accessibility of the exchange site in the Sec7 domain. These restraints can be relieved through activator Arf-GTP binding to an allosteric site comprising the PH domain and proximal autoinhibitory elements (Sec7-PH linker and C-terminal helix). Small-angle X-ray scattering and negative-stain electron microscopy were used to investigate the structural organization and conformational dynamics of cytohesin-3 (Grp1) in autoinhibited and active states. The results support a model in which hinge dynamics in the autoinhibited state expose the activator site for Arf-GTP binding, while subsequent C-terminal helix unlatching and repositioning unleash conformational entropy in the Sec7-PH linker to drive exposure of the exchange site.
Factors associated with advanced-stage Merkel cell carcinoma at initial diagnosis and the use of radiation therapy: Results from the National Cancer Database.

Background The stage of disease at initial diagnosis and the use of radiation therapy (RT) are important determinants of survival in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Objective To define factors that are associated with advanced-stage MCC at the time of initial diagnosis and the use of RT. Methods Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of patients with MCC registered in the National Cancer Database during the period from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 11,917 patients were identified; 3152 and 4586 patients were excluded from the staging and RT analyses, respectively, because of lack of available data. African American ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.10; P = .023), lack of medical insurance (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.40-3.30; P Limitations Retrospective design limits generalizability of the results, and precise details of RT regimens utilized were not available. Conclusions A number of factors are associated with advanced-stage MCC at initial diagnosis and the use of RT. Health care models should account for these factors, and efforts should be directed toward improving those that are modifiable.
Twitter Universal Dependency Parsing for African-American and Mainstream American English

Due to the presence of both Twitter-specific conventions and non-standard and dialectal language, Twitter presents a significant parsing challenge to current dependency parsing tools. We broaden English dependency parsing to handle social media English, particularly social media African-American English (AAE), by developing and annotating a new dataset of 500 tweets, 250 of which are in AAE, within the Universal Dependencies 2.0 framework. We describe our standards for handling Twitter- and AAE-specific features and evaluate a variety of cross-domain strategies for improving parsing with no, or very little, in-domain labeled data, including a new data synthesis approach. We analyze these methods’ impact on performance disparities between AAE and Mainstream American English tweets, and assess parsing accuracy for specific AAE lexical and syntactic features. Our annotated data and a parsing model are available at: http://slanglab.cs.umass.edu/TwitterAAE/.
Bacterial cell lysis: geometry, elasticity, and implications

Membrane lysis, or rupture, is a cell death pathway in bacteria frequently caused by cell wall-targeting antibiotics. Although several studies have clarified biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic action, a physical understanding of the processes leading to lysis remains lacking. Here, we analyze the dynamics of membrane bulging and lysis in Escherichia coli, where, strikingly, the formation of an initial bulge ("bulging") after cell wall digestion occurs on a characteristic timescale as fast as 100 ms and the growth of the bulge ("swelling") occurs on a slower characteristic timescale of 10-100 s. We show that bulging can be energetically favorable due to the relaxation of the entropic and stretching energies of the inner membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane and that experimentally observed bulge shapes are consistent with model predictions. We then show that swelling can involve both the continued flow of water into the cytoplasm and the enlargement of wall defects, after which cell lysis is consistent with both the inner and outer membranes exceeding characteristic estimates of the yield areal strains of biological membranes. Our results contrast biological membrane physics and the physics of thin shells, reveal principles of how all bacteria likely function in their native states, and may have implications for cellular morphogenesis and antibiotic discovery across different species of bacteria.
Psychological Processes in Sustained Attention

Behavior in a vigilance task can be viewed within the framework of several task-relevant stages. These include (1) storage of background information, (2) selection of stimulation and the operation of sensory transducers, (3) orientation movements and decision making, and (4) the activity of neural attention units. Empirical findings in vigilance and their principal theoretical explanations are reviewed in relation to these stages. It is suggested that the various theoretical models have focused upon somewhat different aspects of the vigilance problem and that they are not mutually exclusive. Most of the models can account for some but not all of the data and each invites criticism on several grounds. It seems likely that future theoretical developments in this area will have to synthesize these different points of view.
Outside the (Pill)box: Can Physician Performance be Assessed by Objective Measures?

Analysis of a journal article that compares physician self-assessment with external measures of physician competence. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Impact of Centrosome Abnormalities on Breast Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Targeting Centrosomes for Breast Cancer Therapy

New research on the role of centrosomes in cancer cell proliferation has led to significant new insights into the multiple functions of this important organelle that serves not only as microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in interphase and mitosis but also as important cellular communication center for signal transduction pathways and metabolic activities. Cancer cell centrosomes are distinguished from centrosomes in noncancer cells by specific abnormalities that include phosphorylation abnormalities, overexpression of centrosomal proteins, abnormalities in centriole and centrosome duplication, formation of multipolar spindles that play a role in aneuploidy and genomic instability, and several others that are highlighted in this chapter. Because of their critical role in cancer cell proliferation, several lines of research have started to target centrosomes for therapeutic intervention to inhibit abnormal cancer cell proliferation and control tumor progression. While many aberrant mechanisms leading to centrosome dysfunctions are common to all tumor types, there are specific abnormalities observed in breast cancer that will be reviewed in the present chapter in which breast cancer-specific therapies will also be discussed.
Atomistic simulation of dislocation core structure and dynamics in Fe–Ni–Cr–N austenite

Atomistic computer simulations based on the use of the conjugate gradient and molecular dynamics methods were employed to determine the core structure and dynamics of the a/2 edge and screw dislocations in Fe-Ni-Cr and Fe-Ni-Cr-N austenites. The embedded-atom method was used to quantify the interactions between iron, nickel, chromium and nitrogen atoms. In Fe-Ni-Cr austenite, both the edge and screw dislocations dissociate along one of the {1 1 1} planes, forming stacking fault ribbons. The ribbon widths were found to be comparable to their values calculated using the continuum theory. The analysis of dislocation dynamics showed that the phonon drag interferes more with the motion of screw dislocations, reducing their mobility in comparison with the mobility of edge dislocations. In Fe-Ni-Cr-N austenite, the structure of the dislocation core of the a/2 edge dislocation does not seem to be significantly affected by the presence of nitrogen. In sharp contrast, the core structure of the dissociated a/2 screw dislocation undergoes a major change, resulting in spreading of the core on to two or more non-parallel planes. As a result, mobility of the screw dislocations is substantially lower than that of the edge dislocations. This finding is consistent with the experimental observations that the dislocations are predominantly of the screw character in Fe-Ni-Cr-N austenite.
A pharmacist-led medication assessment to identify prevalence and associations with potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in ambulatory senior adults with cancer.

e20516 Background: PIM use in seniors is a public health problem linked to billions in health expenditures; cancer-related therapies further escalate its prevalence and complexity. Existing studies are limited by antiquated criteria and inherent pitfalls of patient self-report/chart extraction (versus a pharmacist-led assessment). Objectives: 1) Identify prevalence and associations with PIM use; 2) Determine the most inclusive PIM criteria. Methods: This retrospective study involved 248 patients (aged ≥ 60 years) referred for a geriatric-oncology assessment in January 2011 through June 2013 (data from physician/pharmacist electronic notes). Patients brought medications (prescription, non-prescription, herbals) for the pharmacist-led assessment. PIM use was determined by 2012 Beers, the Screening tool of older persons' potentially inappropriate prescriptions (STOPP) and the Healthcare and data information set (HEDIS) criteria. Results: Mean age was 79.9 years [range 61-98]; 64% women, 74% Caucasian, 87% so...
IOMeans: Classifying Multi-concurrent I/O Threads Using Spatio-Tempo Mapping

There is a trend to apply machine learning techniques to improve the performance of core storage components. Typically, a storage system is shared by many concurrent workloads. Because of this, it’s challenging for contemporary machine learning algorithms to learn the hidden patterns from the entangled traces. We develop a novel temporal-aware sequence classification to mine the correlation between I/O requests and represents the addresses with multidimensional vectors that shows better spatial locality. We can efficiently split and clean the entangled I/O trace. By integrating with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), we greatly improve the cache hit ratio for several concurrent file access workloads.
HCMV glycoprotein B subunit vaccine efficacy was mediated by non-neutralizing antibody effector functions

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide, frequently causing hearing loss and brain damage in afflicted infants. A vaccine to prevent maternal acquisition of HCMV during pregnancy is necessary to reduce the incidence of infant disease. The glycoprotein B (gB) + MF59 adjuvant subunit vaccine platform is the most successful HCMV vaccine tested to-date, demonstrating approximately 50% efficacy in preventing HCMV acquisition in phase II trials. However, the mechanism of vaccine protection remains unknown. Plasma from 33 gB/MF59 vaccinees at peak immunogenicity was tested for gB epitope specificity as well as neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-HCMV effector functions, and compared to an HCMV-seropositive cohort. gB/MF59 vaccination elicited IgG responses with gB-binding magnitude and avidity comparable to natural infection. Additionally, IgG subclass distribution was similar with predominant IgG1 and IgG3 responses induced by gB vaccination and HCMV infection. However, vaccine-elicited antibodies exhibited limited neutralization of the autologous virus, negligible neutralization of multiple heterologous strains, and limited binding responses against gB structural motifs targeted by neutralizing antibodies including AD-1, AD-2, and Domain I. Interestingly, vaccinees had high-magnitude IgG responses against AD-3 linear epitopes, demonstrating immunodominance against this non-neutralizing, cytosolic region. Finally, vaccine-elicited IgG robustly bound trimeric, membrane-associated gB on the surface of transfected or HCMV-infected cells and mediated virion phagocytosis, though were poor mediators of NK cell activation. Altogether, these data suggest that non-neutralizing antibody functions, including virion phagocytosis, likely played a role in the observed 50% vaccine-mediated protection against HCMV acquisition.
Staged quantum energy teleportation

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol facilitated by a coupled particle pair to enable a sender to transfer energy to a receiver. A variant of the standard QET protocol is proposed in which energy transfer occurs in stages. This allows multiple transfers of energy via the same particle pair, achieving both greater overall efficiency and greater total energy throughput compared to standard QET. Two-stage QET is shown for a particular spin- 1 2 particle pair to simultaneously increase throughput by 36.9% and efficiency by 26.0% over standard QET, while for the same pair three-stage QET increases throughput 38.1% and efficiency 26.7% over standard QET.
Clinical neuroprosthetics: Today and tomorrow

Implantable neurostimulation devices provide a direct therapeutic link to the nervous system and can be considered brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Under this definition, BCI are not simply science fiction, they are part of existing neurosurgical practice. Clinical BCI are standard of care for historically difficult to treat neurological disorders. These systems target the central and peripheral nervous system and include Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Responsive Neurostimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation. Recent advances in clinical BCI have focused on creating "closed-loop" systems. These systems rely on biomarker feedback and promise individualized therapy with optimal stimulation delivery and minimal side effects. Success of clinical BCI has paralleled research efforts to create BCI that restore upper extremity motor and sensory function to patients. Efforts to develop closed loop motor/sensory BCI is linked to the successes of today's clinical BCI.
Temsirolimus metabolic pathways revisited

Temsirolimus, a derivative of sirolimus, exhibits potent antitumor properties. It was the goal of this study to identify yet unknown temsirolimus metabolites generated after incubation with human l...
Robust, sustainable and multifunctional nanofibers with smart switchability for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion separation and liquid marble preparation

Various membranes have been developed for the separation of oil/water mixtures; however, their fabrication requires toxic reagents, multiple processing steps, and advanced technologies. Nature not only precisely generates unique materials but also provides tremendous examples in the environment that can be used as inspiration for the development and creation of smart and green materials. In this study, we prepare multifunctional nanobiofibers (NBFs) from grape seeds by a one-pot reaction using green solvents that, when made into a smart layer, can switch between a state of underwater superoleophobic wetting to a state of underoil superhydrophobicity and back without any external stimuli. The several μm length and 50 nm width NBFs exhibit robust stability and provide a porous NBF layer, suggesting their potential for the simultaneous separation of various surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions while showing high dye adsorption from water (100% for methylene blue). Furthermore, by rolling water droplets on the surface of NBF powder, an effective microreactor, known as a liquid marble, is prepared for the first time using a bio-originated, superamphiphilic material in air, rather than hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, and it can be used to remove dye within 30 s. Moreover, based on the ability of NBFs to encapsulate a high volume of water (120 μL), we demonstrate another application of the NBF powder as an additive to soil for maintaining soil moisture under arid conditions, allowing us to successfully demonstrate the growth of a lentil seed. This multi-functional, low-cost, and green NBF material shows excellent sustainability and mechanical/chemical stability for multiple promising environmental remediation applications.
Fertility Counseling and Preservation in Breast Cancer

Young women represent a minority of breast cancer patients for which fertility, family planning, and pregnancy represent unique vulnerabilities. This review intends to discuss recent published evidence regarding treatment-related infertility, fertility counseling, and preservation. Fertility concerns are common among young women with breast cancer and may negatively affect treatment decisions. Data is available to aid providers in approximating odds of post-treatment amenorrhea and infertility. Multiple fertility preservation techniques are available. While embryo preservation is most commonly used, recent guidelines endorse oocyte preservation and support for ovarian tissue cryopreservation is increasing. Most recently, the contribution of ovarian suppression during chemotherapy to ovarian function preservation has been established. Germline BRCA mutations may impact fertility potential and challenge fertility preservation and preimplantation genetic testing should be discussed with this subset. Fertility counseling and preservation have become an integral part of the multidisciplinary care for breast cancer at diagnosis and throughout survivorship. Efforts to further individualize recommendations are necessary.
이중초음파에서 관찰된 경동맥갈퀴막: 4례

경동맥갈퀴막은 전체 뇌졸중 환자에서 매우 드물게 발견되는 희귀한 질환이며, 원인불명뇌졸중(cryptogenic stroke) 환자에서 다른 뇌졸중 아형에 비해 빈번하게 관찰되는 특징이 있다. 혈관 내막의 섬유근이형성증(fibromuscular dysplasia)이 경동맥갈퀴막의 원인으로 알려져 있고, 경동맥갈퀴막은 혈관 내혈류의 교란을 야기하여 혈전을 만들고 색전성 뇌졸중을 일으킬 수 있다고 보고되었다. 경동맥갈퀴막은 섬유근이형성증으로 인해 비교적 딱딱한 섬유성 구조물이 혈관의 내강으로 뻗어 나오게 되고, 이중초음파에서 이중 속공간(double lumen)을 만들기 때문에 경동맥박리와 혼동하기 쉽다. 또한, 경동맥갈퀴막은 갈퀴막(web) 모양이기 때문에 궤양성죽상판과 같은 다른 경동맥질환과 혼동할 우려가 있다. 하지만, 경동맥갈퀴막은 시작 부위가 굵었다가 끝으로 갈수록 가늘어지는 경향이 있고, 박동성 혈류에 의한 펄럭임이 없는 것이 특징이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 총 4개의 경동맥갈퀴막 증례를 가지고, 질환에 대한 전반적인 설명과 함께 이중초음파의 특징적인 소견에 집중하여 보고하고자 한다.
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) Implied by the Serology, Antibody, Testing in New York City

The SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, infection fatality rate (IFR) has been hard to accurately estimate. It is a key parameter for disease modeling and policy decisions. Asymptomatic spread and limited testing have understated infections in hard to predict ways across jurisdictions. We survey serology, antibody, studies of the COVID-19 infection to find official cases are understated by an average of 25-to-1. Further, we analyze the deaths and infections in New York City to estimate an overall IFR for the United States of 0.863 percent.
MrvR, a Group B Streptococcus Transcription Factor that Controls Multiple Virulence Traits

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus ; GBS) remains a dominant cause of serious neonatal infections. One aspect of GBS that renders it particularly virulent during the perinatal period is its ability to invade the chorioamniotic membranes and persist in amniotic fluid, which is nutritionally deplete and rich in fetal immunologic factors such as antimicrobial peptides. We used next-generation sequencing of transposon-genome junctions (Tn-seq) to identify five GBS genes that promote survival in the presence of human amniotic fluid. We confirmed our Tn-seq findings using a novel CRISPR inhibition (CRISPRi) gene expression knockdown system. This analysis showed that one gene, which encodes a GntR-class transcription factor that we named MrvR, conferred a significant fitness benefit to GBS in amniotic fluid. We generated an isogenic targeted knockout of the mrvR gene, which we found to have a growth defect in amniotic fluid relative to the wild type parent strain. In addition to growing poorly in amniotic fluid, the knockout also showed a significant biofilm defect in vitro . Subsequent in vivo studies showed that, while the knockout was able to cause persistent murine vaginal colonization, pregnant mice colonized with the knockout strain did not develop preterm labor despite consistent GBS invasion of the uterus and the fetoplacental units. In contrast, pregnant mice colonized with wild type GBS consistently deliver prematurely. Similarly, in a sepsis model in which 87% of mice infected with wild type GBS died within three days, none of the mice infected with the knockout strain died. In order to better understand the mechanism by which this newly identified transcription factor controls GBS virulence, we performed electrophoresis mobility shift assays with recombinant MrvR and whole-genome transcriptomic analysis on the knockout and wild type strains. We show that MrvR binds to its own promoter region, suggesting likely self-regulation. RNA-seq revealed that the transcription factor affects expression of a wide range of genes across the GBS chromosome. Nucleotide biosynthesis and salvage pathways were highly represented among the set of differentially expressed genes, suggesting a linkage between purine or pyrimidine availability and activity of MrvR in multiple GBS virulence traits.
Mortality from injury, overdose and suicide during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, March-July, 2020

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with substantial rates of all-cause excess mortality. The contribution of external causes of death to excess mortality including drug overdose, homicide, suicide, and unintentional injuries during the initial outbreak in the United States is less well documented. Methods Using public data published by the National Center for Health Statistics on February 10, 2021, we measured monthly excess mortality (the gap between observed and expected deaths) from five external causes using national-level data published by National Center for Health Statistics; assault (homicide); intentional self-harm (suicide); accidents (unintentional injuries); and motor vehicle accidents. We used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (sARIMA) models developed with cause-specific monthly mortality counts and US population data from 2015-2019 and estimated the contribution of individual cause-specific mortality to all-cause excess mortality from March-July 2020. Results From March-July, 2020, 212,825 (95% CI 136,236-290,776) all-cause excess deaths occurred in the US). There were 8,540 excess drug overdoses (all intents) (95% CI 5,106 to 11,975), accounting for 4% of all excess mortality; 1,455 excess homicide deaths (95% CI 708 to 2202, accounting for 0.7% of excess mortality; 5,492 excess deaths due to unintentional accidents occurred (95% CI 85 to 10,899, accounting for 2.6% of excess mortality. Though a non-significantly 135 (95% CI -1361 to 1,630) more MVA deaths were recorded during the study period, a significant decrease in April (525; 95% CI -817 to -233) and significant increases in June-July (965; 95% CI 348 to 1,587) were observed. Suicide deaths were statistically lower than projected by 2,067 (95% CI 941-3,193 fewer deaths). Meaning Excess deaths from drug overdoses, homicide, and addicents occurred during the pandemic but represented a small fraction of all-cause excess mortality. The excess external causes of death, however, still represent thousands of lives lost. Notably, deaths from suicide were lower than expected and therefore did not contribute to excess mortality.