cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Patients With Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis

This study was aimed to evaluate outcomes of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis who were treated with drug-eluting stents. Sixty-three consecutive patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis were treated with sirolimus-eluting stents in 52 (83%) patients and paclitaxel-eluting stents in 11 (17%) patients, in whom percutaneous intervention was considered the sole alternative because of high surgical risk and/or patient preference. Urgent percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 hours after angiography was performed in 6 (10%) patients. The patients were predominantly at high surgical risk with 35 (56%) having EuroSCORE >6 and 39 (62%) having Parsonnet score >15. Involvement of the distal LMCA was observed in 46 (73%) patients. Procedural success was achieved in all patients. Intravascular ultrasound was used in 51 (81%) patients. Single-stenting strategy was adopted in 36 (78%) patients with bifurcation stenosis. There were no death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or urgent repeat revascularization events during hospitalization. Over a mean follow-up of 11.7 +/- 7.7 months, 18 (29%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events, including 3 (5%) deaths, 7 (11%) myocardial infarctions, and 10 (16%) target lesion revascularizations. Stent thrombosis developed in 1 (0.6%) patient at 35 days after the procedure. Bifurcation involvement was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 12.90, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 122.45, p = 0.0259). In conclusion, drug-eluting stent placement for unprotected LMCA stenosis may be a feasible therapeutic alternative in patients at high surgical risk. However, bifurcation stenosis remains a significant predictor of unfavorable clinical outcome.
Designing on-chip power supply coupling diodes for ESD protection and noise immunity☆

Abstract Noise is a major concern in VLSI systems as it compromises system performance and reliability. It has often become essential to decouple the noisy periphery from the core supplies. However, due to parasitic diodes some coupling is maintained. The ESD diodes required to provide robust current paths for ESD zaps may exacerbate this coupling. This paper examines how these diodes couple transient noise from the peripheral power supplies to the core power supplies during circuit operation, and how such considerations influence diode clamp design. This paper reports on noise coupling simulations and sets upper and lower limits on the number of diodes that may be used. These are based on operating and burn-in conditions and on fundamental diode properties, including temperature effects. In another context, N + to substrate diode clamping can have benefits. Most pad protection devices have a single parasitic diode to the substrate, meaning that when a signal comes to it from a low impedance driver and there is driver-line impedance mismatch, the ringing is forced negative and is suppressed by turn-on of the diode. But the decay of that signal can result in some curious effects, for which simulations and experimental measurements will be discussed.
An Iterative Approach to Nucleus Segmentation for High Content Imaging in Cancer Research

We present an iterative technique for nucleus segmentation in high throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening. This technique acts as a crucial processing step towards cell segmentation and feature extraction. Our data comes from three-channel RNAi cell images, with the nucleus information contained in a single DNA channel. Accurate segmentation of the nucleus information provides valuable prior information regarding cell counts and cell positioning, and is thus a valuable prior toward the overall goal of phenotype recognition and detection. Our iterative technique takes direct advantage of image gradient information to obtain accurate nucleus segmentations. It is particularly effective in separating nuclei that are very closely spaced, that thresholding cannot accurately segment.
The incidence of wrist interosseous ligament and triangular fibrocartilage articular disc disruptions: a cadaveric study.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this cadaveric wrist study was to determine the incidence and size of defects of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL), lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL), and triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) articular disc, and to determine their relationship to wrist arthrosis. Methods The status of the SLIL, LTIL, and the TFC articular disc was determined in 96 cadaveric wrists with an average age of 75 years (range, 61–92 y). The location and length of the SLIL and LTIL ligament disruptions and the site of ligament detachment were noted. Ligament disruptions were classified into 1 of 3 grades based on the size of the ligament disruption and the absence (grade 1 and 2 disruptions) or presence (grade 3 disruption) of wrist arthrosis. The location, size, and configuration of the TFC articular disc disruptions also were noted. Results Disruptions of the SLIL were noted in 34 wrists (35%). There were 20 grade 1, 4 grade 2, and 10 grade 3 ligament disruptions. The average length of ligament disruption was 10.9 mm, or 40% of the length of the ligament. Twenty-four of 34 SLIL disruptions occurred without wrist arthrosis. Disruptions of the LTIL were noted in 47 wrists (49%). There were 23 grade 1, 10 grade 2, and 14 grade 3 ligament disruptions. The average length of ligament disruption was 7.6 mm, or 52% of the ligament length. Thirty-three of 47 LTIL disruptions occurred without wrist arthrosis. Disruptions of the TFC articular disc were noted in 58 wrists (60%). The most common patterns of disruption were either a linear defect at the radial attachment of the articular disc or a centrally located oval defect. Thirty-seven of the 58 TFC articular disc disruptions were noted in wrists without distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthrosis. Conclusions There is a high incidence of SLIL, LTIL, and TFC articular disc disruptions in the cadaveric model. Large ligament and TFC articular disc disruptions without wrist arthrosis are very common.
Thermochemical Properties, Rotation Barriers, Bond Energies, and Group Additivity for Vinyl, Phenyl, Ethynyl, and Allyl Peroxides

Peroxides have relatively low stability and are often difficult to obtain at needed purity for experimental studies. This study uses computational chemistry to estimate thermochemical properties of peroxides and compares the values to properties of corresponding hydroperoxides. The combined thermochemical properties are utilized to develop groups for use in group additivity. Structures, enthalpy (Δf ), entropy ( ), and heat capacity (Cp(T)) are determined for several vinyl, allyl, ethynyl, and phenyl peroxides using the density functional B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations. Enthalpies of formation (Δf ) are determined at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level using four to six isodesmic working reactions. Entropy (S) and heat capacity (Cp(T)) values from vibration, translational, and external rotational contributions are calculated using the rigid-rotor-harmonic-oscillator approximation based on the vibration frequencies and structures obtained from the density functional studies. Contribution to ΔfH(T), S, and Cp(T) fr...
Outcome of children who require mechanical ventilatory support after bone marrow transplantation.

Objective:To identify clinically measurable factors that could predict outcome for pediatric patients undergoing mechanical ventilatory support after bone marrow transplant.Design:Cohort study.Setting:A referral center for bone marrow transplant patients in Seattle, Washington.Patients:Children <17
Measurements in Rollup Region of the Tip Vortex from a Rectangular Wing

The evolving three-dimensional flowfield of the tip vortex in the near wake of a rectangular wing at incidence was studied in detail, using three-component laser Doppler velocimetry. The flow quantities measured were the three components of the instantaneous velocity. These data were used to obtain the distributions of velocity, vorticity, and circulation across the vortex at several axial locations in the flow for several angles of incidence. The data have been used to understand the process of rollup of the shear layer into the vortex in the near wake, as well as its kinematic structure. The data indicate that the rollup takes place quite quickly and the inner part of the three-dimensional vortex becomes nearly axisymmetric within a distance of about two chord lengths downstream of the trailing edge. Even though the vortex behavior in the near wake is, in general, strongly dependent on the initial conditions, the vortex trajectory appears to be described reasonably well by the overall wing lift and the freestream velocity. Also, even in the near wake, circumferentially averaged mean flow properties in the inner part of the nearly axisymmetric vortex begin to exhibit a universal structure characteristic of conceptual asymptotic trailing vortices
Prolonged chemotherapeutic remission of metastatic ovarian dysgerminoma. Report of a case

Abstract A prolonged complete remission is reported in a patient with ovarian dysgerminoma who presented with generalized metastases resistant to radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapy. The efficacy and therapeutic implications of vincristine and intensive bleomycin are discussed.
Stochastic process semantics for dynamical grammars

We define a class of probabilistic models in terms of an operator algebra of stochastic processes, and a representation for this class in terms of stochastic parameterized grammars. A syntactic specification of a grammar is formally mapped to semantics given in terms of a ring of operators, so that composition of grammars corresponds to operator addition or multiplication. The operators are generators for the time-evolution of stochastic processes. The dynamical evolution occurs in continuous time but is related to a corresponding discrete-time dynamics. An expansion of the exponential of such time-evolution operators can be used to derive a variety of simulation algorithms. Within this modeling framework one can express data clustering models, logic programs, ordinary and stochastic differential equations, branching processes, graph grammars, and stochastic chemical reaction kinetics. The mathematical formulation connects these apparently distant fields to one another and to mathematical methods from quantum field theory and operator algebra. Such broad expressiveness makes the framework particularly suitable for applications in machine learning and multiscale scientific modeling.
Noggin Gene Delivery Inhibits Cementoblast-Induced Mineralization

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to promote periodontal tissue regeneration, while noggin inhibits the biological activities of BMP-2, -4, and -7. To investigate the effect of BMPs and noggin gene transfer on cementogenesis, we used cloned murine cementoblasts (OCCM). Cells were transduced using adenoviruses encoding BMP-7 (Ad-BMP-7), noggin devoid of the heparin binding site (Ad-NOGDeltaB2), or a control adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP). Cells were seeded into 3D polymer scaffolds and implanted into SCID mice to determine the in vivo mineral-inducing ability of the cells. Cells transduced with Ad-NOGDeltaB2 at 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation exhibited reduced mineral formation compared with all other groups. Although gene expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein increased after Ad-BMP-7 transduction in vitro, following BMP-7 gene transfer in vivo, transcripts for OCN and BSP were not significantly different from controls, and mineral density was not significantly increased compared with Ad-GFP and NT groups. These results indicate that in mature cementoblast populations, gene transfer of noggin inhibits biomineralization induced by cementoblasts, whereas exogenous BMP has minimal effects on mineralization.
Stress and language recovery in individuals with aphasia: constraint induced aphasia therapy

Objective: Constraint induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) is a more intensive form of language treatment for aphasia as compared to traditional treatments. This study examined whether there are differences in cortisol stress levels between the two methods of aphasia treatment as well as effects on language skills. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 20 participants with expressive aphasia were randomly placed into one of the two treatment groups. The CIAT group received 10 days of intensive treatment over two weeks. The traditional therapy group received 6 days of treatment over 2 weeks. All participants in each group provided salivary cortisol samples before treatment, at the mid-point of treatment, and at the conclusion of treatment. Language skills were assessed before treatment and at the conclusion of treatment. Results: A significantly higher proportion of individuals in the CIAT treatment group had increased salivary cortisol stress levels when compared to the traditional treatment group at the mid-point of the program (80% versus 30% respectively, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals with increased cortisol stress by the end of the treatment. Language scores for word repetition and overall aphasia quotient significantly improved for the CIAT group when compared to the traditional group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CIAT treatment appears to initially create increased psychophysiological stress as compared to the traditional treatment. In spite of the initial increases in psychophysiological stress, participants appear to become conditioned to the challenge and ultimately have enhanced benefit from CIAT treatment.
DNA sequence analysis of the defective interfering particles of bacteriophage f1.

Abstract Restriction mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of several defective, interfering particles of bacteriophage f1 are described. These particles contain the nucleotide sequences corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of gene IV and the amino-terminus of gene II and the intergenic space between them. Tandem duplication of a portion of this intergenic space generates defective particles with novel nucleotide sequences not found in wild-type f1. This duplication is shown to contain the origin of complementary strand synthesis. Our results suggest that the duplication occurs at the site of gene II protein action, i.e. the origin of viral strand synthesis. A model is presented for the generation of these duplications in defective particles.
Materials and mechanisms of hole superconductivity

The theory of hole superconductivity proposes that there is a single mechanism of superconductivity that applies to all superconducting materials. This paper discusses several material families where superconductivity occurs and how they can be understood within this theory. Materials discussed include the elements, transition metal alloys, high Tc cuprates both hole-doped and electron-doped, MgB2, iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides, doped semiconductors, and elements under high pressure.
Diamondback Terrapin Mortality in the American Eel Pot Fishery and Evaluation of a Bycatch Reduction Device

The effect of commercial fisheries on nontarget species is a burgeoning issue for both fishery managers and estuarine biologists. We documented diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) bycatch in cloth-funnel eel pots used in a Maryland (United States) commercial American eel (Anguilla rostrata) fishery. Between 1992 and 2001, we obtained 40 male and 9 female terrapin captures and 1 male terrapin recapture from commercial eel pots. To quantify terrapin catch rates and evaluate a potential solution to terrapin bycatch in eel pots, we conducted two experiments that tested the effects of a novel cel pot bycatch reduction device on terrapin bycatch and eel harvest. We determined low terrapin bycatch rates (0.000–0.008 terrapins pot−1 d−1) in pots with small entrance funnels and high terrapin capture rates (0.458 terrapins pot−1 d−1) in pots with large entrance funnels. The BRD eliminated terrapin bycatch and had no effect on eel catch making it an economically-viable solution for terrapin mortality in eel pots. We demonstrated that terrapin bycatch can be a problem in the American eel pot fishery and that our bycatch reduction device is a simple and cost-effective solution to this problem.
Estimation of time averages from irregularly spaced observations: With application to coastal zone color scanner estimates of chlorophyll concentration

The sampling error of an arbitrary linear estimate of a time-averaged quantity constructed from a time series of irregularly spaced observations at a fixed located is quantified through a formalism. The method is applied to satellite observations of chlorophyll from the coastal zone color scanner. The two specific linear estimates under consideration are the composite average formed from the simple average of all observations within the averaging period and the optimal estimate formed by minimizing the mean squared error of the temporal average based on all the observations in the time series. The resulting suboptimal estimates are shown to be more accurate than composite averages. Suboptimal estimates are also found to be nearly as accurate as optimal estimates using the correct signal and measurement error variances and correlation functions for realistic ranges of these parameters, which makes it a viable practical alternative to the composite average method generally employed at present.
Three-dimensional convection flow adjacent to inclined backward-facing step

Abstract Simulations of three-dimensional laminar forced convection adjacent to inclined backward-facing step in rectangular duct are presented to examine effects of step inclination on flow and heat transfer distributions. The step height is maintained as constant while its inclination angle is changed from 15° to 90°. The inlet flow is hydrodynamically steady and fully developed with uniform temperature. The bottom wall is heated with constant heat flux, while other walls are maintained as being thermally adiabatic. Velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and friction coefficient distributions are presented. The “jet-like” flow and its impingement do not appear as the inclination angle of backward-facing step is small ( α = 15°). At the center width of the duct and close to the stepped wall, the location where the streamwise velocity component is zero changes from a saddle point to a nodal point as the step inclination angle decreases. The downwash adjacent to the sidewall becomes stronger as the step inclination angle increases. The maximum Nusselt number on the stepped wall is located near the sidewall for α ⩾ 30° and it appears near the center width of duct for small step inclination angle ( α = 15°). The friction coefficient inside the primary recirculation region increases with the increase of the step inclination angle. Downstream of the primary recirculation region, increase of the friction coefficient becomes slower as the step inclination angle increases.
Structural Design and Sizing of a Metallic Cryotank Concept

This paper presents the structural design and sizing details of a 33-foot (10 m) metallic cryotank concept used as the reference design to compare with the composite cryotank concepts developed by industry as part of NASA s Composite Cryotank Technology Development (CCTD) Project. The structural design methodology and analysis results for the metallic cryotank concept are reported in the paper. The paper describes the details of the metallic cryotank sizing assumptions for the baseline and reference tank designs. In particular, the paper discusses the details of the cryotank weld land design and analyses performed to obtain a reduced weight metallic cryotank design using current materials and manufacturing techniques. The paper also discusses advanced manufacturing techniques to spin-form the cryotank domes and compares the potential mass savings to current friction stir-welded technology.
Identification of dangerous drugs by mass spectrometry.

Abstract The low resolution mass spectra of fifty-eight commonly used drugs have been recorded. These drugs, some of which are available without prescription, may be lethal when taken in excessive quantities. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques which can be used to obtain the mass spectrum of the toxic principle in biological materials such as gastric lavage, serum or urine are described. A system has been developed by which an unknown drug can be identified from the salient features of its mass spectrum. This employs a program written for a DEC PDP-81 computer with 4K words of memory and disk storage.
Paleoenvironmental Significance of Cretaceous and Paleocene Psilonichnus in Southern Wyoming

Abstract Large-diameter (2–10 cm) crustacean burrows preserved in the latest Cretaceous and early Paleocene estuarine barforms of southern Wyoming's Ferris Formation exhibit simple, nonbranching architecture, elliptical cross sections, J- and U-shaped shaft morphologies, and walking-leg impressions along the burrow walls. The burrows are classified as Psilonichnus isp. based on their morphology and environmental occurrence. In the Ferris Formation, Psilonichnus is found within multistory channel deposits and is associated with lithofacies that indicate strong tidal influence. Thalassinoides is more abundant in single-story channels with shallower flow depths, and Camborygma is found in alluvial deposits of the overlying Paleocene Hanna Formation. The presence of Psilonichnus in estuarine barforms of the Ferris Formation supports reconstructions of the Western Interior Sea showing a much wider distribution during the Cretaceous–Paleogene transition than has normally been accepted.
New User Facility for Environmental Sensing

Hydrologic instrumentation is undergoing a transformative shift in its ability to concurrently measure scales from centimeters to kilometers [e.g., Selker et al., 2006]. To rapidly distribute and incorporate these advances in the Earth and hydrologic sciences, the U.S. National Science Foundation's Earth Sciences Instrumentation and Facilities Program launched in September 2009 a community-accessible instrument facility for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and wireless networked environmental sensing. DTS systems for the facility use laser-induced Raman backscatter (spectrally shifted scattered light whose intensity can be related to the thermal state of the optical fiber) to measure the distribution of temperatures along fiber-optic cables up to 30 kilometers long. The DTS systems can measure temperatures along fiber-optic cable with spatial resolution of less than 1 meter and with temperature resolution of ±0.01°C. In contrast to “single point in space” measurements of environmental temperatures or “single point in time” remote sensing of temperatures, DTS provides the opportunity to continuously monitor temperatures of air, water, soil, or snow at high spatial and temporal frequency without the need for a large network of measurement systems.
Sharing the floodplain: Mediated modeling for environmental management

Complex ecosystems, such as the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), present major management challenges. Such systems often provide a range of ecosystem services that are differentially valued by stakeholders representing distinct interests (e.g., agriculture, conservation, navigation) or institutions (e.g., federal and state agencies). When no single entity has the knowledge or authority to resolve conflicts over shared resource use, stakeholders may struggle to jointly understand the scope of the problem and to reach reasonable compromises. This paper explores mediated modeling as a group consensus building process for understanding relationships between ecological, economic and cultural well-being in the UMR floodplain. We describe a workshop structure used to engage UMR stakeholders that may be extended to resource use conflicts in other complex ecosystems. We provide recommendations for improving on these participatory methods in structuring future efforts. In conclusion, we suggest that tools which facilitate collaborative learning, such as mediated modeling, need to be incorporated at an institutional level as a vital element of integrated ecosystem management.
Ablation of the calcium-sensing receptor in keratinocytes impairs epidermal differentiation and barrier function

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) has an essential role in mediating Ca2+-induced keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. In this study, we generated keratinocyte-specific CaR knockout (EpidCaR−/−) mice to investigate the function of the CaR in epidermal development in vivo. EpidCaR−/− mice exhibited a delay in permeability barrier formation during embryonic development. Ion capture cytochemistry detected the loss of the epidermal Ca2+ gradient in the EpidCaR−/− mice. The expression of terminal differentiation markers and key enzymes mediating epidermal sphingolipid transport and processing in the EpidCaR−/− epidermis was significantly reduced. The EpidCaR−/− epidermis displayed a marked decrease in the number of lamellar bodies (LBs) and LB secretion, thinner lipid-bound cornified envelopes, and a defective permeability barrier. Consistent with in vivo results, epidermal keratinocytes cultured from EpidCaR−/− mice demonstrated abnormal Ca2+i handling and diminished differentiation. The impairment in epidermal differentiation and permeability barrier in EpidCaR−/− mice maintained on a low calcium (0.02%) diet is more profound and persistent with age than in EpidCaR−/− mice maintained on a normal calcium (1.3%) diet. Deleting CaR perturbs the epidermal Ca2+ gradient and impairs keratinocyte differentiation and permeability barrier homeostasis, indicating a key role for the CaR in normal epidermal development.
Die Sulfide des Kupfers

1. Kuprosulfid wurde ixn Vakuumofen hergestellt, und sein Schmelzpunkt in demselben Apparat bestimmt. Er ergab sich zu 1130° ± 10. Bei 1200° findet keine Dissoziation von Kuprosulfid statt. Das spezifische Gewicht von kunstlichem Kuprosulfid ergab sich zu 5.785 (250°/4O°); diese Zahl ist praktisch identisch mit dem spezifischen Gewicht des reinsten naturlichen Minerals, das wir analysiert haben, namlich 5.783 (25°/4°).
Curvature Enhanced Adsorbate Coverage Model for Electrodeposition

The influence of a catalyst deactivating leveling additive in electrodeposition is explored in the context of the previously developed curvature enhanced accelerator coverage model of superconformal film growth. Competitive adsorption between a rapidly adsorbed suppressor, rate accelerating catalyst, and catalyst-deactivating leveler is examined. Rate equations are formulated where the leveling agent is capable of deactivating the adsorbed catalyst by either direct adsorption from the electrolyte or by deactivation/displacement during surface area reduction that accompanies advancing concave surfaces. The influence of a prototypical cationic surfactant leveler on electrochemical kinetics and feature filling is examined for copper electrodeposition from an electrolyte containing polyethylene glycol-chloride-bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide (PEG-Cl-SPS).
Intellectual Freedom for Young Adolescents

(2007). Intellectual Freedom for Young Adolescents. Childhood Education: Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 8-14.
Abstract LB-230: Automating sample preparation for single-cell protein phosphorylation analysis by flow cytometry

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Protein phosphorylation plays essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and other cellular processes. Aberrant regulation of protein kinases, can drive malignancy through inappropriate cell growth and survival signals. Understanding the phosphorylation status of specific cellular proteins in cancer has proven valuable in developing targeted therapies and assays to identify specific drug responses in individual cancer patients. The ability to analyze cells at the single cell level allows flow cytometry to measure protein phosphorylation in rare subsets of cells in complex populations such as blood or bone marrow specimens. However, sample preparation for protein phosphorylation analysis by flow cytometry can be technically challenging, time-consuming, and subject to error when performed manually. Furthermore, the procedure demands strict control of experimental conditions such as time and temperature due to the dynamic nature of protein phosphorylation. In this report, we describe an automated sample preparation method using a @Biomek® NXP Span-8 work-station to monitor the phosphorylation status of ERK and p38 MAPK in human peripheral blood monocytes. The method allows automation of sample preparation steps, including 1) ERK/p38 MAPK stimulation, 2) fixation, 3) erythrocyte lysis, 4) cell permeabilization, and, 5) staining with phospho-specific and cell surface marker antibodies. Using this approach, we were able to observe p38 MAPK and ERK activation in CD14+ monocytes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA) treatment. The automated sample preparation workstation is capable of processing 48 samples in approximately 2.5 hours. Note: *Method cited Not for Clinical purposes. @For Laboratory Use Only; not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-230.
Variability in the vertical flux of microorganisms and biogenic material in the epipelagic zone of a North Pacific central gyre station

Abstract Free-floating particle interceptor trap arrays were deployed at a single station (26°N, 155°W) in the North Pacific central gyre for three consecutive periods (I: 24–31 March 1986; II: 31 March to 12 April 1986; III: 14–17 April 1986). Temporal changes in plankton biomass and biogenic vertical fluxes coincided with a 10 day storm that produced up to 35 kn winds and 3.5 m swells. Mean wind speed increased during the study period as did suspended adenosine triphosphate (sus-ATP) concentrations in the upper 120 m. Vertical fluxes of total particulate carbon (PC), ATP, diatoms, dinoflagellates, bacteria, mastigotes and fecal pellets were greatest during the post-storm period, whereas ciliate fluxes were nearly equal in all three trap sets. Aloricate ciliates were the dominant taxonomic group, accounting for 45–79% of the total microbial biomass in the traps. Carbon estimates revealed that most of the PC flux was amorphous material and that fecal pellets and microorganisms represented a small proportion of the PC flux; 0.2–1.2 and 6.0–8.0% of total PC, respectively. Relative abundances, diversity, equitability and taxon rank order of diatoms, dinoflagellates, aloricate ciliates and tintinnid ciliates varied between trap sets, depths and taxonomic groups. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that physical forcing by the storm stimulated planktonic production and altered assemblage structure in the epipelagic zone and consequently stimulated efflux of biogenic materials and organisms from this zone.
The Inductive Case Study Approach to Teaching Anthropology

We present an approach to teaching cultural anthropology that combines an inductive method and ethnographic case studies. From introductory courses to graduate-level seminars, the inductive case study approach combines written materials, films, and other aids to allow students to discover culture. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, CASE STUDIES, INDUCTIVE METHOD
Observations of Saturn's Inner Satellites During the May 1995 Ring-Plane Crossing

The 22 May 1995 Saturn ring-plane crossing was observed with the Hubble Space Telescope; the markedly reduced scattered light from the rings at this time allowed study of the small inner satellites of the Saturn system. Prometheus was further from its predicted location than expected based on uncertainties in the 1981 ephemerides propagated forward by 15 years. A body found orbiting near or within Saturn's F ring is either an F-ring shepherd or a transient clump of dust within the F ring; given its approximate brightness, the clump theory is more likely.
Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education (TARE): Instrument Development, Content Validity, and Inter-Rater Reliability

Numerous scholars have stressed the importance of personal and social responsibility in physical activity settings; however, there is a lack of instrumentation to study the implementation of responsibility-based teaching strategies. The development, content validity, and initial inter-rater reliability testing of the Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education (TARE) are described here. Inter-rater agreement was calculated for paired observations focused on 2 different teachers delivering a total of 18 separate physical education lessons for students in grades 1 through 6. Findings indicate that the Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education provides scores with adequate inter-rater reliability. The procedures employed in this study proved feasible and enable observers to characterize the implementation of responsibility-based teaching in physical education. The Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education has numerous research and training applications relative to the Teaching Personal ...
Cytoplasmic reorganization accompanies the deposition of a bipolar cell wall in the large-celled red alga Anotrichium tenue.

The filamentous red alga Anotrichium tenue C. Aghard (Naegeli) (formerly Griffithsia tenuis C. Aghard; Baldock, 1976, Aust. T. Bot. 24, 509–593) has large (1–2 mm long), cylindrical, multinucleate cells that exhibit a daily, cyclic redistribution of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts accumulate in the mid-region of each growing cell during the day; consequently, filaments appear banded with a light apical end-band, a dark mid-band and a light basal end-band in each growing cell. Chloroplasts disperse at night so that the bands are no longer visible and the cells appear evenly pigmented. Anotrichium tenue also has a type of cell elongation, known as bipolar band growth, in which new material is added to the microfibrillar part of the wall in bands located at the apical and basal poles of elongating cells. This site of wall growth corresponds to the position of the light-colored end-bands present during the day. Here we examine the structural relationship between the cytoplasmic bands and the wall-growth bands. Our results show that, in addition to the previously described bipolar wall bands, there is a non-microfibrillar wall band in the mid-region of the cell. This wall component apparently branches from near the top of the microfibrillar outer wall and terminates near but not at the bottom of the cell. It contains nodules of sulphated polysaccharide material secreted from a band of vesicles, which co-localize with the chloroplasts in the mid-band. The outer wall appears to enclose the entire cell. Nuclei do not redistribute with the chloroplasts or wall vesicles into the mid-band but remain evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Each wall component grows by a different mechanism. We show that two types of wall growth, diffuse and the bipolar-type of tip growth, occur in the same cell and we propose that the observed segregation of the cytoplasm supports localized growth of the unique inner wall component. Additionally, we show that A. tenue is an excellent model for study of the role and mechanism of cytoplasmic compartmentalization and cell polarity during plant cell growth.
Speciation and densities of yeasts in human urine specimens.

Urine specimens from 1013 patients were selectively and quantitatively cultured for yeasts. The presence of yeasts was correlated with the age, sex, and physical condition of the individual. Yeasts occurred at an incidence of 17·6% with approximately 6% of the patients demonstrating urine populations of at least 105 yeast cells/ml. Candida albicans, Torulopsis glabrata, and C. tropicalis were the most common species isolated. These taxa occurred in high densities most frequently among diabetics and terminal patients. Torulopsis glabrata was the most common species occurring in high numbers in urine specimens from diabetics with urinary tract pathologies; one diabetic patient died of a fungemia due to T. glabrata. The physiological and morphological characteristics employed for the identification of yeasts from urine specimens were critically examined and reviewed.
Sapropterin dihydrochloride, 6-R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin, in the treatment of phenylketonuria

Sapropterin dihydrochloride, 6-R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is being introduced in the US for treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU). This compound has been in use in Europe to treat mild forms of PKU. Tetrahydrobiopterin is the cofactor in the hydroxylation reaction of the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. It is also involved in other reactions, which are not the focus of this review. The cofactor BH4 is synthesized in many tissues in the body. The pathway of BH4 biosynthesis is complex, and begins with guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The first reaction that commits GTP to form pterins is GTP cyclohydrolase. Several reactions follow resulting in the active cofactor BH4. During the hydroxylation reaction BH4 is oxidized to quinonoid-BH2, which is recycled by dihydropteridine reductase, resulting in the active cofactor. It was discovered that some patients with PKU had a decline in blood phenylalanine after oral intake of BH4. This response to BH4 is not the result of change in the synthesis or regeneration of the cofactor, but rather an effect on the mutant enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase either by accommodating the higher K(m) of the mutant enzyme or by acting as a chaperone for the mutant enzyme. This response has become of intense interest in the treatment of PKU.
“Reading and math take so much of the time…”: An Overview of Social Studies Instruction in Elementary Classrooms in Indiana1

Abstract This study reports the results of a comprehensive survey (59 fixed and 3 open-ended response items) of a stratified (by grade) random sample of K-5 teachers in Indiana (n = 594; response rate = 49.5%). Results indicated that social studies is becoming increasingly marginalized in the K-5 curriculum relative to other core subject areas (e.g., math and reading). Evidence from the study suggests that three factors may play a role in this marginalization: (1) perceived level of administrative support for implementing state social studies standards; (2) lack of state-wide assessments for social studies at K-5 level; and (3) teachers' lack of a clear understanding of the goals and mission of the social studies at K-5 level. Respondents were asked to describe their rationale for social studies at their respective grade level and to describe the value of social studies instruction for their students. Data concerning these rationale statements were analyzed, and eight distinct categories emerged. Less tha...
Oxaliplatin: third-generation platinum analog.

Gail Wilkes, RNC, MS, AOCN®, is an oncology nurse educator at Boston Medical Center in Massachusetts. Wilkes is a member of the speaker’s bureau for Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc., the manufacturer of oxaliplatin (EloxatinTM). (Mention of specific products and opinions related to those products do not indicate or imply endorsement by the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing or the Oncology Nursing Society.)
Postpartum stress urinary incontinence: lessons from animal models.

Postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is associated with chronic SUI in later life, which is 240% more likely to occur in women who deliver vaginally than those who did not. The etiology of SUI is multifactoral and has been associated with defects in both neuromuscular and structural components of continence. Specifically, clinical studies have demonstrated that pudendal nerve damage occurs during vaginal delivery, supporting the concept that neuromuscular damage to the continence mechanism can result in postpartum SUI. Urethral hypermobility and the loss of pelvic floor support, such as that involved in pelvic organ prolapse, have also been associated with SUI. Animal models provide an opportunity to investigate these injuries, individually and in combination, enabling researchers to gain further insight into their relative contributions to the development of SUI and the effectiveness of potential therapies for it. This article discusses the use of animal models of postpartum SUI in addition to th...
PREADULT LEARNING OF POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE Media and Family Communication Effects

This article addresses the question of the influence of mass media and interpersonal communication on the growth of partisan independence among American preadults; 3-wave panel interview data from Wisconsin preadults (aged 10-17 in early 1980) and their parents are used. New measures of political independence are introduced. Preadults become increasingly independent as they get older. Significant antecedent variables are the parent's independence and education, and the preadult's media exposure, attention and trust, and interpersonal political information seeking. None of these effects is large, and they are specific to particular measures of independence.
Seismic geomorphology of buried channel systems on the New Jersey outer shelf: assessing past environmental conditions

Abstract Quantitative geomorphologic analysis of shallowly buried, dendritic channel systems on the New Jersey shelf provides estimates of paleo-hydrologic parameters needed to link channel morphology to the former hydrodynamic setting. These channels, observed in 1–4 kHz deep-towed chirp seismic data, formed presumably as fluvial systems when the shelf was exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The presumed fluvial origin of these channels is supported by their incision into underlying Pleistocene strata, a chaotic seismic fill unit at their bases which may be indicative of non-marine gravel lag, and measured stream junction angles that are consistent with a riverine origin. The channels would also have been subjected to estuarine/tidal environments during ensuing sea-level rise. We employ empirically derived hydraulic equations for modern rivers and estuaries to estimate paleo-discharges, velocities and maximum shear stresses, using the preserved and interpolated paleo-channel geometries as a guide. Generally, trunk/main channels have box-like, symmetric cross-sections, with width/depth ratios of >100, whereas smaller, tributary channels have more v-shaped, asymmetric cross-sections with width/depth ratios of ∼40–70. The high width/depth ratios, along with low sinuosities (∼1.1) and slopes (
Induction of atresia of the dominant follicle in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by the local application of estradiol-17β.

Estradiol-17β (E2), administered systemically to rhesus monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, induces atretic changes in the microenvironment of the dominant follicle (DF), which results in its demise. It has been proposed that this effect of E2 represents a direct action at the ovarian level. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis, using local treatment with E2. After identification of the DF during laparoscopy on day 6 of the cycle, female monkeys were laparotomized and their ovaries exposed. Either corn oil (20 μl, controls) or E2 (100 μg ) in oil vehicle (experimentals) was injected into the ovary near the DF. In control animals, preovulatory release of gonadotropins and ovulation were normal in five of six animals, with cycle and luteal phase lengths of 27.8 ± 2.2 days and 14.6 ± 2.5 days, respectively (x ± S.D.). Conversely, in only one of six animals in the experimental group did ovulation occur at the expected time (P < 0.05). In the other five treated animals, E2 induced atresia of the DF and significantly extended cycles (35.4 ± 5.4 days) without affecting luteal phase lengths (12.0 ± 1.4 days). Concentrations of estrogen in peripheral sera of some animals were increased transiently at 6 h after injection of E2 but returned to normal by 12 h; this duration of estrogen exposure is far less than the 24 h required to induce atresia of the DF in previous studies. At 6 h after injection of E2, there was a statistical difference between controls and experimentals in concentrations of circulating estrogen; however, these changes were apparently not enough to alter pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone. These data support the hypothesis that E2 can induce atresia of the DF in rhesus monkeys by acting locally at the ovary.
Atherosclerotic aortic component quantification by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging: an in vivo study in rabbits.

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe sought to demonstrate the ability that noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has to quantify the different components within atherosclerotic plaque.BACKGROUNDAth...
Systems biology: Reverse engineering the cell.

Borrowing ideas that were originally developed to study electronic circuits, two reports decipher how yeast reacts to changes in its environment by analysing the organism's responses to oscillating input signals.
Corporate social responsibility and environmental research and development

Abstract The paper models corporate investments in environmental research and development (R&D) as investments in corporate social responsibility. The theory is tested using primary data collected by surveys of U.S. industry along with data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Census, and other public and private sources of information about corporations and their industries. The theory and the empirical study support the hypothesis that socially responsible corporate investments in environmental R&D increase with corporate self-interest in reducing pollution caused by toxic emissions. Consequently, corporate environmental R&D investments depend on both public policy and the structure of markets.
Linear and quadratic programming approaches for the general graph partitioning problem

The graph partitioning problem is to partition the vertex set of a graph into a number of nonempty subsets so that the total weight of edges connecting distinct subsets is minimized. Previous research requires the input of cardinalities of subsets or the number of subsets for equipartition. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a zero-one quadratic programming problem without the input of cardinalities. We also present three equivalent zero-one linear integer programming reformulations. Because of its importance in data biclustering, the bipartite graph partitioning is also studied. Several new methods to determine the number of subsets and the cardinalities are presented for practical applications. In addition, hierarchy partitioning and partitioning of bipartite graphs without reordering one vertex set, are studied.