cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Plasma Hormone Levels and Lipogenic Enzyme Activity in Chickens Divergently Selected for Oxygen Consumption

Abstract The bases for differences in growth and metabolism of lines previously selected for divergence in O2 consumption in comparison to a randombred control population were studied. Body weights, carcass fat, plasma growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), malic enzyme, and citrate cleavage enzyme activities were determined. The early growth of the low O2 birds was greater than the high O2 birds, whereas the growth rate of the control population was intermediate to, but not statistically different from, the two O2 lines. Six-week body weights did not differ between the lines. Percent fat of the high O2 birds was less than the other two lines at 1 and 2 weeks of age but greater than the low O2 birds at 3 weeks of age. Percent fat did not differ between the lines at 6 weeks. Plasma T4 levels differed between the lines only at Day 1, when the control population exhibited greater T4 levels than the O2 lines. Plasma T3 levels were lower in the high O2 chicks in comparison to only the control chicks at 0, 1, and 2 weeks of age. No line differences in T3 levels were detected at 3 or 6 weeks. From 1 to 3 weeks, GH levels were greater in the low O2 birds than the high O2, while the control birds had GH levels intermediate to the O2 lines. By 6 weeks, the O2 lines had similar GH levels, but these levels were lower than those of the controls. No consistent line differences in malic enzyme or citrate cleavage enzyme activities were observed.
The body as a volume conductor in electrocardiography.

Abstract This critique attempts to present the principles of Burger in a simplified form so that they can be utilized by the clinician. It is possible to apply them to the living subject and thereby better understand the clinical record. The chief method suitable for clinical investigation in the living subject uses the angle of discrepancy. If a given heart vector can be located in this angle, it indicates unequivocally the relative direction of the effective axes of the leads. With improvement in techniques for identifying a given heart vector in various leads and loops, this method promises to supply reliable information concerning the presence or absence in the patient of a single dipole or its shift. The new concepts have explained some of the electrocardiographic changes which result from changes in body position and anatomic displacement of the heart. Furthermore, it was shown how the orientation of the heart vector affects the correspondence between the manifestations of the various lead systems. In particular, it was shown how one can explain much of the variation in the correspondence for normal sinus beats and extrasystoles when recorded by two lead systems. It was also shown how the variation of the heart vector orientation affects the analysis of cancellation (mirror image) experiments. The new concepts have accounted for some of the features in the electrocardiographic patterns of left ventricular preponderance, inferior wall infarcts, and also superior (basal lateral) wall infarcts.
Concentration-dependent pharmacologic properties of sotalol☆

Abstract Sotalol is a nonselective β-receptor antagonist that prolongs action potential duration and refractoriness in vitro at higher concentrations than those associated with heart rate slowing. To determine if this additional action can be expressed in humans, 17 patients with chronic stable ventricular premature complexes were studied. Each patient was hospitalized and arrhythmia frequency was quantified during a 48-hour drug-free baseline and during every third day of therapy with increasing incremental sotalol dosages. The dosages were 160, 320, 640 and 960 mg/day, administered in 1 or 2 doses. An index of action potential duration, the rate-corrected QT (QTc), was measured using serial 12-lead electrocardiograms on the third day of each dosage at presumed steady state and the degree of β-receptor blockade was assessed by the reduction of the maximal exercise-induced heart rate. Of the 17 patients, 11 had an antiarrhythmic response (70 to 100% reduction in VPCs), at a wide range of plasma concentrations (340 to 3,440 ng/ml). the responders to sotalol included 8 patients in whom therapy with conventional β-receptor antagonists had failed. In the group as a whole, the concentration associated with significant QTc prolongation (2,550 ng/ml) was greater than that associated with 50% reduction of the maximal slowing in heart rate (804 ng/ml). Sotalol was generally well tolerated, but in 1 nonresponder torsades de pointes developed 3 hours after the first 640-mg dose at a plasma sotalol concentration well within the concentration range measured in other patients. Sotalol's repolarization-prolonging actions are seen at higher concentrations than those associated with heart rate slowing and may contribute to its clinical effects.
State implementation effort and federal regulatory policy: the case of occupational safety and health.

The states play pivotal roles in implementing the protective regulatory policies of the federal government. In this capacity they often profoundly shape who gets what from these programs. A well-rounded theory of the policy process requires precise specification of why some states try harder than others to implement Washington's regulatory policies. This article tests four important theories (wealth, partisan, group, and organizational search) in an attempt to explain state implementation effort under one major regulatory program--the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. State participation and enforcement vigor comprise the two major dimensions of implementation effort examined. The theories prove the most useful in explaining enforcement vigor. In this regard, a path analysis discloses that while wealth and interest group theories contribute to understanding, organizational-search theory is the best predictor of enforcement vigor. Partisan theory predicts the least. The study sheds light on a neg...
Torsades de Pointes Associated with Chlorpromazine: Case Report and Review of Associated Ventricular Arrhythmias

Purpose. To present a case of chlorpromazine-associated torsades de pointes, review established cases of ventricular arrhythmias associated with chlorpromazine, and describe the proarrhythmic characteristics of this drug. Data Sources. Articles identified through a search of MEDLINE and IDIS from January 1966–November 2000 and thorough review of the article bibliographies. Patient cases also were identified from a search of the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System database (November 1997–March 2001). Cases involving intentional overdoses of chlorpromazine were excluded. Results. In addition to the case reported herein, 12 cases of documented, chlorpromazine-associated ventricular arrhythmias were identified; five had characteristic features of torsades de pointes. Chlorpromazine delayed repolarization and produced electrocardiographic abnormalities; although, whether chlorpromazine induced torsades de pointes through a mechanism of early afterdepolarizations is unclear. Similar to other instances of drug-induced torsades de pointes, concurrent factors such as electrolyte deficiencies may place the patient at increased risk for arrhythmia. Conclusions. Chlorpromazine can delay repolarization and produce electrocardiographic abnormalities. These can result infrequently in ventricular arrhythmias and torsades de pointes, particularly in patients with confounding factors.
Infrared spectra of oxine chelates

Abstract The infrared spectra of thirty-three oxine chelates were run in the wave-length range from 2–15 μ. By comparison of both wavelength and intensity of the absorption bands, water of crystallization can be determined, the tungsten, uranium and molybdenum and titanium chelates can be conclusively identified and distinctive characterization of most of the other chelates is also possible.
Biology and fertility life table of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the resistant winter wheat cultivar (Pishgam) in Iran

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has been known as a major pest of small grains, particularly wheat, worldwide. In this study, the effect of new wheat cultivar (Pishgam) for cold regions on biological characteristics of greenbug was investigated in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The raw data were analysed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproduction rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) of greenbug were 0.313 ± 0.0019, 1.36 ± 0.0027 females/female/day, 83.33 ± 0.331 females/female and 14.11 ± 0.09 days, respectively. The life expectancy of a nymph is 43.57 days. The maximum reproductive value of females is on the 16th day which coincides with the total pre-reproduction period counted from birth. Hence, the present results may provide helpful information for comprehensive IPM programme of greenbug on this variety in cold re...
System for precise temperature sensing and thermal control of borosilicate honeycomb mirrors during polishing and testing

A 1.8 m f/i borosilicate honeycomb primary for the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) is beingpolished at the Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory. To reduce thermal distortion of large borosiicate honeycombtelescope mirrors to a negligible level during polishing, the glass must be maintained isothermal to within 0.1 °C. It isalso essential to minimize temperature variations in the air while a test is in progress. Testing of the surface is donein air using a laser and interferometer mounted above the mirror. To control refractive index variation in the light pathof the laser, assuming some turbulence, the air is required to be isothermal to 0.2 °C. A system designed to achievethese goals has been installed in the Mirror Laboratory.Thermocouples are employed as temperature sensors in the polishing room, air ducts, and on the mirror itself. Theoutput of each thermocouple is referred to one of two isothermal blocks of aluminum. By repeated reading, measure-ments are made to an accuracy of 0.005 °C at a rate of one thermocouple per second.
Removal of VOCs from humidified gas streams using activated carbon cloth

This research investigates the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the adsorption of soluble (acetone) and insoluble (benzene) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with activated carbon cloths (ACC). A gravimetric balance was used in conjunction with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrophotometer to determine the individual amounts of water and VOC adsorbed on an ACC sample. RH values from 0 to 90% and organic concentrations from 350 to 1000 ppmv were examined. The presence of water vapor in the gas-stream along with acetone (350 and 500 ppmv) had little effect on the adsorption capacity of acetone even at 90% RH. Water vapor in the gas stream had little effect on the adsorption capacity of benzene (500 ppmv) until about 65% RH, when a rapid decrease resulted in the adsorption capacity of benzene with increasing RH. This RH was also about where capillary condensation of water vapor occurs within ACC pores. Water vapor condenses within the ACC pores, making them unavailable for benzene adsorption. Increasing benzene concentration can have a significant effect on the amount of water vapor adsorbed. At 86% RH and 500 ppmv, 284 mg/g water was adsorbed, while at 86% RH and 1000 ppmv, only 165 mg/g water was adsorbed. Water vapor was more inhibitory for benzene adsorption as benzene concentration in the gas stream decreased.
One-dimensional response of linear visco-elastic media

Summary The behavior of linear visco-elastic media with various shear and volumetric characteristics is investigated. Assuming different combinations of rheological models for shear and volumetric deformations, the authors derive the expressions for “complex Young modulus” and “complex Poisson ratio”. The effect of temperature on viscous properties and on complex moduli is also briefly discussed.
Fluorescence of fly ash samples: Implications for in situ and remote detection

Abstract A study of the fluorescence spectra of fly ash samples from different sources has shown that each samples has a characteristic fluorescence and excitation spectrum which could be used to identify and monitor its presence. Fluorescence lifetime studies of samples from different sources have demonstrated characteristic features which can be used for identification. The fluorescence method should be useful for in situ and remote monitoring applications.
Neighborhood Disorder and Children’s Antisocial Behavior: The Protective Effect of Family Support Among Mexican American and African American Families

Using data from a sample of 673 Mexican Origin families, the current investigation examined the degree to which family supportiveness acted as a protective buffer between neighborhood disorder and antisocial behavior during late childhood (i.e. intent to use controlled substances, externalizing, and association with deviant peers). Children's perceptions of neighborhood disorder fully mediated associations between census and observer measures of neighborhood disorder and their antisocial behavior. Family support buffered children from the higher rates of antisocial behavior generally associated with living in disorderly neighborhoods. An additional goal of the current study was to replicate these findings in a second sample of 897 African American families, and that replication was successful. These findings suggest that family support may play a protective role for children living in dangerous or disadvantaged neighborhoods. They also suggest that neighborhood interventions should consider several points of entry including structural changes, resident perceptions of their neighborhood and family support.
Initial stages of epitaxial semiconductor-insulator heterointerface formation

Abstract The current understanding of the interface formed as CaF 2 is grown epitaxially on Si(111) is reviewed. Photoemission studies of the growth of strontium fluoride on Si(111) and the growth of Ge on CaF 2 -on-Si(111) substrates are compared with these findings. The large change in fluoride lattice constant between CaF 2 and SrF 2 is found not to affect the interface bonding, indicating the dominance of chemical factors. The growth of Ge on CaF 2 -on-Si(111) structures is found to be enhanced by electron irradiation of the substrate, which is related to the semiconductor-cation bonding found at the CaF 2 -on-Si(111) and SrF 2 -on-Si(111) interfaces.
Automatic Infrared Radiometric Scanning to Detect Flexible Package Seal Defects

For military applications, the use of a flexible package as a replacement for metal cans, particularly for operational rations, has been of interest for many years. Progress has been made to the point where the logistical, functional, and durability advantages of a flexible package of commercially sterile ready-to-eat food, the so called ``Flex-Pack,'' to replace the 300 × 200 (3? diameter by 2? height) can in combat rations have been proven. The U.S. Army Natick Laboratories (Department of Defense) is in the final stages of testing the reliability of a flexible packaging system for single-serving portions of heat-processed foods [1]. Unlike the frozen, boil-in-bag system, these packages of food are shelf stable and commercially sterile and, therefore, the integrity of the package must be positively maintained to prevent bacterial entry and subsequent spoilage of the food product.
Characterization of penetrant interactions in Kapton polyimide using a gravimetric sorption technique

Sorption of pure anhydrous ammonia and pure sulfur dioxide in Kapton polyimide has been measured at 30 and 35/sup 0/C at subatmospheric pressures using a McBain quartz spring balance. The sulfur dioxide sorption and desorption was well described by the Fickian transport model; however, the ammonia sorption exhibited significant deviations from Fickian behavior. A substantial fraction of the initially sorbed ammonia remained in the film after extended periods under vacuum at 35/sup 0/C. Infrared analysis of the treated film revealed the presence of new carbonyl and nitrogen-hydrogen stretching peaks characteristic of primary and secondary amides. These observations suggest that the ammonia reacts chemically with some of the imide linkages. Based on infrared analysis of the ammonia-exposed Kapton, heating the sample under vacuum at 120/sup 0/C caused re-fomation of most of the originally disturbed imide structures, with attendant evolution of ammonia as a condensation product.
The "Transparent" Earth Station

This paper describes features desirable in commercial satellite earth stations to enhance their use for DOD applications. The introduction is a challenge presented as a "wish list." The challenge is meant to stimulate thinking by the users, the carriers, and the hardware developer/ suppliers. The ultimate objective is to determine what enhancements might be accomplished and develop the specifications necessary to procure these functions within budgets for application to specific C3 missions. The summary section describes an alternate approach to interoperability that can accomplish many of the same goals of a hardware approach but at a reduced cost.
A non-invasive method to evaluate gastrointestinal transit behavior in rat

Abstract Introduction Many factors alter gastrointestinal transit. Animal models are useful for preclinical studies of gastrointestinal transit, but terminal methods do not allow later study, and stressful assessment methods will likely alter the transit of the animal. To overcome these factors, we developed a new method to assay rat total gastrointestinal transit. Methods Standard plastic cages with their bottoms cut off were placed on wire mesh floors. Custom apparatuses were built to contain fecal pellets as they fell through the floors. Webcams connected to a computer running a security program were placed to image the pellets at regular intervals. Custom food was obtained with and without blue pigment. After habituating to the cages and the non-pigmented food, the pigmented food was administered. The duration to the appearance of the first pigmented pellet was determined by reviewing the photographs. This duration represents the complete gastrointestinal behavior, including feeding. We compared 24-hour fecal pellet counts using images to counts by visual inspection, and also made hourly counts. After establishing baseline transit times and hourly fecal pellet discharge, rats were given buprenorphine, known to alter gastrointestinal transit. Transit times and hourly discharge were obtained again and compared to the baselines. Results The methods were successful in determining transit times. Baseline measures were consistent between three groups of 8 rats. Visual and image-based counts were highly correlated. Transit times and hourly pellet discharge were reduced by buprenorphine. Discussion The described method offers a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive means to measure rat gastrointestinal behavior. The method has potential for any study where altered total gastrointestinal transit is an experimental concern.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering inside Metal Nanoshells

We show the experimental observation of SERS inside metal nanoshells for the first time. Giant enhancement, solely due to the electromagnetic enhancement in the near field and on the order of 10(11) to 10(14), can be consistently and reproducibly achieved. The results provide new insights to the SERS effect and pave the way for a new design of nanostructures to be used as SERS-tags for Raman-based assays and imaging.
Reinforcement and substitution in humans: a multiple-response analysis.

Three adult human subjects engaged in activities such as reading, sewing, artwork, and candlemaking while living alone in a laboratory apartment 24 hours per day for several weeks. After a baseline period in which the activities were fully available, access to a particular activity (contingent response) was made dependent on engaging in another less-preferred activity (instrumental response). The contingencies produced substantial increases in instrumental responding, and responding decreased toward baseline levels when the dependency was removed. Under the contingent conditions, time earned for the concurrent activity was always less than the baseline level. To determine the contribution of this reduction to the instrumental increase, access to the contingent activity was restricted in the absence of any dependency. The results indicated that increases among responses that filled the newly available time could be selective, e.g., artwork increased when reading was restricted but candlemaking did not. It was concluded that the reductions in the contingent response that accompany contingencies usually do not exclusively determine instrumental increases, but selective increases can contribute to the increase in time devoted to the instrumental response.
Measurement of the void fraction in two‐phase flow by x‐ray attenuation

The use of an x-ray tube that emits a spectrum of energy was shown to be an effective source of monoenergetic radiaton for the measurement of the void fraction in two-phase, steam-water flow with the proper selection of the tube wall thickness, x-ray tube operating conditions, collimation, and traverse time. Assuming monoenergetic radiation, equations were derived for the local and average void fraction and the statistical error associated with the measurement, and were confirmed to be applicable by using the mock-up technique. This consisted of simulating the two-phase, steam-water flow patterns of the experimental system with mock-ups of Lucite and air. Exprimental data are presented to show that confidence could be placed in the measurements to within the probable statistical error, as all deviations of the measured values of the void fraction from the actual values were less than the probable error. Local and average void fractions for steam-water, two-phase flow are given. Application to other systems can be inferred from these results.
Perspective: Some Possible Pitfalls in the Design and Use of PERT Networking

The article presents a diagnostic review of the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) technique. The article defines the technique and outlines some of the problematic aspects of designing...
Infliximab as a Therapy for Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

A 77-year-old woman from Guyana presented with a 3-year history of a generalized, pruritic eruption associated with chronic chills, fatigue, generalized malaise, and a 14-kg weight loss over a 9-month period (Figure 1). Her medical history was significant for hypertension and diabetes, and her medications included glucophage, atenolol, and lisinopril. She had no personal or family history of atopy. Her physical examination findings were remarkable for exfoliative erythroderma and keratoderma associated with generalized lymphadenopathy (Figure 1). Complete blood cell counts were normal except for a persistently elevated absolute eosinophil count (1500-3000/ μL) for more than 8 months. Positron emission tomographic scans detected enhanced fludeoxyglucose F 18 uptake bilaterally in the supraclavicular, axillary (largest node measuring 2.5 cm), and inguinal nodes (largest node measuring 2 cm). A left inguinal lymph node biopsy specimen revealed dermatopathic lymphadenitis and no evidence of a lymphoproliferative disorder. Histopathologic examination of a skin sample revealed parakeratosis, hypogranulosis, psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia, mild spongiosis, a mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with occasional plasma cells and rare eosinophils, and numerous melanophages. Flow cytometry and skin and bone marrow biopsy specimens revealed no evidence of a clonal Tor B-cell population on immunophenotyping or molecular genetic analysis, and FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene fusion was not detected. Extensive studies were performed to rule out infectious, allergic, vasculitic, rheumatic, and malignant causes of eosinophilia. A transthoracic echocardiogram, which was obtained to rule out heart failure or mural thrombus in the setting of chronic hypereosinophilia, demonstrated no abnormalities.
Social Participation and a Sense of Powerlessness among Blacks: a Neighborhood Analysis*

This paper examines the neighborhood context and the relationship between four types of social participation and the sense of powerlessness variant of alienation. Findings suggest a refinement and reanalysis of the relationship implied by much of the literature. The strong inverse correlations between participation and alienation found among white populations are not obtained for this population of blacks. Given relative neighborhood stability, some evidence indicates that the expected association may emerge among blacks, depending on individual status characteristics such as income and residency tenure. In retrospect, the study identifies three considerations which might shape future research on the topic.
Special cutaneous receptor organs of fish. VII. Ampullary organs of mormyrids

Ampullary receptor organs of African mormyrids consist of a cavity beneath the epidermis. The wall of the cavity contains embedded receptor cells and two types of supporting cells. A canal extends from the cavity to an opening at the surface. The lumen of the canal and the ampulla are filled with a jelly-like material and dense cylinders apparently secreted by two types of supporting cells. Flattened cells of the canal wall are joined by occluding junctions. Synapses between receptor cells and the afferent nerve fiber are characterized by a presynaptic dense body, but presynaptic vesicles were not observed. Degenerating receptor cells are occasionally seen among normal receptor cells in the base of the organ.
Handheld Librarians: A Survey of Librarian and Library Patron Use of Wireless Handheld Devices

ABSTRACT Wireless technologies are becoming more prevalent in American society, but are they in our libraries? This article is a result of a survey of 766 librarians (mostly academics) across the United States on their use and perceived use of their customers of personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, webpads, and other handheld wireless devices. How are these devices being used? What percentage of libraries support wireless handheld device users, and how is this support delivered? Is there a demand for more services for these users and for what are they asking? Have libraries modified content to meet the needs of wireless handheld device users, and if so, what content have they changed? Last, what are librarians’ perceptions of wireless handheld devices and the cost and licensing of wireless content?
A retroposon-like short repetitive DNA element in the genome of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni

The genome of Schistosoma mansoni, a human blood fluke, contains a family of short repetitive DNA elements which we have named the SMα family. In this paper we report the sequences of two SMα family members which are derived from tandem arrangements and four family members which are dispersed copies. The two tandemly repeated copies are 331 and 335 bp, while the four dispersed copies range in size from 107 to 322 bp. Three dispersed copies are flanked by direct repeats and have AT-rich 3′ ends. The tandem copies and one of the dispersed copies have regions of homology to RNA polymerase III promoters and arginine tRNA genes. In addition the repeated element is rearranged in two of the dispersed copies when compared with the other dispersed and two tandem copies. Localization studies show that SMα elements are distributed in the sex and autosomal chromosomes. These observations suggest that members of this family may have been dispersed throughout the genome via RNA intermediates.
Needs of elementary and middle school teachers developing online courses for a virtual school

Eight teams of elementary and middle school teachers developed pilot online courses for the North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) in the USA. A qualitative case study with focus groups and a follow‐up survey helped to identify common needs of these non‐traditional course designers during course development efforts. Findings suggest virtual schools can better support non‐traditional course designers by providing leadership components such as technical expertise, regular feedback, and clear expectations, including an understanding of the target students. Findings further suggest designers need a range of bite‐sized professional development on replicating model courses, using course management systems, assessing learners online, designing with copyright and safety issues in mind, integrating Web tools, and developing course documentation for deployment. The article concludes with a discussion of support structures that may aid instructors tasked with online course development.
Treatment of glomerulonephritis: Will we ever have options other than steroids and cytotoxics?

Glomerulonephritis refers to a collection of primary renal disorders and those secondary to a systemic disease, all characterized by inflammation within the glomerulus. Given the underlying immunologic nature of these disorders, they are routinely treated with corticosteriods and various cytotoxic agents. Although in many instances such therapies are successful, they are associated with significant morbidity; as such, alternatives are clearly necessary. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of immunologic glomerular diseases has grown remarkably, in large part from the study of rodent disease models. Fundamental to each disorder is the development of an antigen-specific immune response followed by the effector stage of inflammation. To block the immune response, antigen-specific therapy can be used to induce tolerance, such as through the use of double-stranded DNA molecules in lupus nephritis. Since other antigen systems are less well characterized, inducing a more generalized impairment in the immune response by blocking costimulatory molecules CD40-CD154 and CD28-CD80/86 is a growing approach to treat various immunologic disorders and transplantation. To reduce glomerular inflammation, a variety of effector systems have been targeted, including complement, cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, and mediators of cellular proliferation. Of these, antibodies targeting C5 in the complement system, and antibody and receptor antagonists of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have already been used in glomerular disorders with some promise. Less specific blockade of receptor-mediated events stimulated by platelet-derived growth factors and cell cycle proteins may soon be applied to glomerulonephritis. Finally, interruption of fibrosing pathways, which lead to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis common to the end-stage of all glomerulonephritis, is the subject of intense effort which may yield effective biologic therapies. In spite of all these advances, we still are dependent on steroids and cytotoxics to treat glomerulonephritis. To get past this, we must devote significant resources to take observations made in basic research laboratories to develop therapeutics and prove their utility in human disease.
“Sentences like these:” Multicultural information dynamics and international diversity of thought

Multicultural information dynamics is exploratory cross-cultural research of the information-seeking behavior of a group of eighty-four Egyptian and American reference librarians asked to choose from websites in different languages. This paper, the fourth in a series, focuses on national, monolingual, and multilingual subgroups, and provides multi-tiered analyzes of websites clicked, reasons given for clicking, preferences for machine translations vs. original foreign language websites, decision making when choosing non-native language hits, and foreign language anxiety. Findings of the research show that information seekers of both nationalities are reluctant to cross cultural lines at the basic level of retrieved Internet information hits. Further results delineate differences and similarities in motivations, circumstantial preferences for original languages or machine translations, and comparative information-seeking behavior of subgroups. The research has implications for improving search performance in the fields of global knowledge dissemination via website and search engine design, library science, and international scholarship.
Comparison of taut-strip and section-model-based approaches in long-span bridge aerodynamics

This paper describes an attempt to predict the behavior of a taut-tube model of a bridge of the Golden Gate type, using the flutter derivatives for the deck section, the steady aerodynamic coefficients, information about the wind tunnel turbulence, and the mechanical properties of the taut-tube model.
Expression of c‐myc in human colonic tissue in response to β‐carotene supplementation

Abstract Dietary supplementation with β‐carotene at 30 mg/day results in an increased serum trans‐retinoic acid concentration in patients with a prior colonic polyp. In a number of human cell lines, trans‐retinoic acid upregulates c‐myc mRNA expression. We assayed for changes in c‐myc mRNA expression in colonic mucosa by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and correlated the results with serum concentrations of all‐trans‐ (ATRA), 75‐cis‐ (13‐cRA), and total retinoic acid. Serum and colonic biopsy samples were obtained before and 90 days after administration of a placebo (n = 7) or 30 mg of β‐carotene (n = 5) daily. An increase in c‐myc expression after supplementation was observed in 6 of 12 subjects, but 5 of these 6 subjects had decreased total serum retinoic acid concentration and 4 had decreased ATRA concentration. In addition, five of the six subjects with increased c‐myc expression had received a placebo. Conversely, c‐myc expression was increased in only two of five paired samples from ...
Teaching designing: the second-year studio at the University of Cincinnati

Most schools of architecture devote 20% to 30% of their curriculum to teaching design. Most design studios continue to be one-off experiences which provide their students with little understanding of design as technique. This paper looks at teaching designing as a series of ‘authorities’ that are readily teachable.
Plasma propagation and standing waves in spiral microplasma channels

Summary form only given. Plasma propagation in a microplasma channel having the form of a spiral has been studied in the rare gases and gas mixtures. Microchannels having widths of 200–300 µm, and a length-to - width aspect ratio of ∼103∶1, have been fabricated in nanoporous Al 2 O 3 by a sequence of wet chemical and micropowder machining processes, Produced from 125–250 µm thick aluminum foil, these channels are situated in a dielectric barrier structure having Al electrodes straddling the Al 2 O 3 channel. For the experiments reported here, the channels are formed (by photolithographic patterning) into a spiral having an overall diameter of 3 cm.
Low-energy cosmic-ray composition and energy spectra measured in June 1965.

Low energy cosmic ray composition and energy spectra measured by sounding rockets carrying nuclear emulsions
Topology Preserving Digitization of Physical Prototypes Using Deformable Subdivision Models

Physical prototyping is an important stage of product design where designers have a chance to physically evaluate and alter digitally created surfaces. In these scenarios, designers generate a digital model, manufacture and alter the prototype as needed, and redigitize the prototype through scanning. Despite the variety of reverse engineering tools, redigitizing the prototypes into forms amenable to further digital editing remains a challenge. This is because current digitization methods cannot take advantage of the key elements of the original digital model such as the wireframe topology and surface flows. This paper presents a new reverse engineering method that augments conventional digitization with the knowledge of the original digital model’s curve topology to enhance iterative shape design activities. Our algorithm takes as input a curve network topology forming a subdivision control cage and a 3D scan of the physically modified prototype. To facilitate the digital capture of the physical modifications, our algorithm performs a series of registration, correspondence and deformation calculations to compute the new configuration of the initial control cage. The key advantage of the proposed technique is the preservation of the edge flows and initial topology while transferring surface modifications from prototypes. Our studies show that the proposed technique can be particularly useful for bridging the gap between physical and digital modeling in the early stages of product design.© 2014 ASME
On the Rage aggregation method with applications to neural networks and decision making

Abstract We describe an approach to information aggregation based on the rage method, In this method, when faced with the problem of selecting a value representative of a collection of values, Aggr(a 1 , a 2 ,…, a n ), we perform a single random experiment on the space of aggregates. Implicit in the use of this method is the availability of some underlying probability distribution over the a i 's. As opposed to the use of the expected value, which is often used in these kinds of situations, the Rage approach always returns one of the arguments of the aggregation as its value. An advantage of this approach is that it allows us to perform aggregations when the aggregates are not numeric values. We apply this new methodology to three situations where aggregation is used. The situations studied are neutral networks, OWA operators, and decision making under uncertainty. In each of these cases we describe in detail the process for obtaining the necessary underlying probability distribution. In applying this technique to the neural network domain we introduce a new class of neurons called Rage neurons. In these neurons the branch weights are used to provide the probability distribution while the inputs provide the aggregates.
Molecular cloning and characterization of Drosophila genes and their expression during embryonic development and in primary muscle cell cultures.

Recombinant cloned genomic DNA fragments homologous to cultured muscle cell cDNA from Drosophila melanogaster have been isolated and partially characterized. Each of the eight analyzed clones has been shown by hybrid-selected translation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to encode at least one polypeptide. Three clones hybrid-select two proteins. The developmental pattern of expression of each clone has been determined by hybridization of mRNA isolated from staged embryos, myogenic cultures, and Schneider cells to EcoRI digestion fragments of the cloned DNA. The pattern of hybridization shows that some EcoRI fragments hybridize to transcripts that are developmentally regulated during embryogenesis and in muscle cell cultures as well as transcripts that are always expressed. Each clone has been mapped by in situ hybridization and shown to hybridize to a different single chromosomal locus on salivary gland polytene chromosomes. One clone hybridized to a single chromosomal locus and to the chromocenter.
Prediction of Hydrophobic (Lipophilic) Properties of Small Organic Molecules Using Fragmental Methods: An Analysis of ALOGP and CLOGP Methods

Molecular hydrophobicity (lipophilicity), usually quantified as log P (the logarithm of 1-octanol/water partition coefficient), is an important molecular characteristic in drug discovery. ALOGP and CLOGP are two of the most widely used methods for the estimation of log P. This work describes an extensive reparametrization of the atomic log P values and a detailed comparison of the performance of ALOGP and CLOGP methods on the Pomona Medchem database. Only the “star list” compounds having precisely measured log P values were used in this analysis. While the overall results with both methods are similar, analysis shows that the CLOGP method is better for very small molecules in the range of 1−20 atoms. The two methods are almost comparable in the range of 21−45 atoms, while the ALOGP method has better accuracy for molecules with more than 45 atoms. Although the rms deviation and the correlation coefficient for CLOGP predictions were marginally better than those for corresponding ALOGP predictions, the latte...
Beam expander telescope design utilizing fast spherical primaries

An exact geometrical ray analysis has been used to derive the profiles for telescope secondaries that perfectly recollimate beams incident on fast concave spherical mirrors. Both Cassegrainian and Gregorian configurations are possible. The high magnification designs tend to redistribute the energy profile and may be used, for example, to make Gaussian beams more uniform.
Corticosteroid binding protein in the plasma of Macaca nemestrina.

Abstract A specific cortiscosteroid binding protein (nCBG) was identified in the plasma of Macaco nemestrina. The properties of this protein are similar but not identical to those of the corticosteroid binding globulin described in human plasma (hCBG or transcortin). The similar features include identical electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels, high affinity and low capacity for corticosteroids, relatively broad specificity, and no difference in molar concentration of CBG between the sexes. Also, corticosterone, cortisol, and progesterone compete for the same binding site of nCBG. The dissimilar features are as follows: the binding site of nCBG accommodates a 17α-hydroxyl group poorly, the equilibrium constant of association (KA) of corticosterone for nCBG is 5–10 times higher than that of cortisol, and the molar concentration of CBG is higher in M. nemestrina than in humans. These findings indicate that Macaca nemestrina is a good animal model to study the physiological role of CBG.
Analysis and design of sidestick controller systems for general aviation aircraft

A method to design sidestick controllers for general aviation aircraft with reversible flight controls is proposed. The use of a sidestick in this type of flight vehicle generally increases the stick forces required for maneuvering; this is due to a reduction in the moment arm of application of the force. In the present study, the reduction of stick forces is achieved by incorporating geared tabs in the control-surface design. A complete analysis using the rigid-body aircraft longitudinal equations of motion and stick-force equation in coupled form is carried out. Lateral stick forces are predicted by solving the single-degree-of-freedom roll approximation and aileron stick-force equations. Data are presented for configurations with various tab areas and a wide range of gearing ratios. The results indicate that the method can be used successfully for geared-tab design and stick-force prediction. It is shown that gearing-ratio selection is critical but that tab area does not have a significant impact on the magnitude of stick forces and stick force to stick deflection gradients.
Absolute absorptance measurements on copper-based allows at infrared wavelengths

We report on a method for obtaining absolute optical absorptance of a metallic sample whereby thermal equilibrium is maintained by balancing input from a laser beam with thermoelectric cooling. This method was applied to a series of copperbased alloy samples and was performed at 1.06 and 10.6 μm using continuous Nd∶YAG and CO2 laser sources, respectively, at near-normal (6°) incidence to the sample faces. Independent calibration was provided by passing a known current through a standard resistance heater. Precision of the technique was demonstrated to be within 5% for all samples. Comparison of experimentally derived absorptance values with DC electrical resistivity yielded rank ordering of data for the 20 sample alloys measured.
Faculty Support of Student Dissent

This paper replicates an earlier study of faculty status and tolerance of political dissent by Abramson and Wences. The data support the hypothesis that length of residence on a university campus is inversely related to faculty tolerance of student dissent. The expected relationship between academic rank and tolerance was eliminated by controlling for longevity, but the predicted relationship between academic field and tolerance was unaffected. The effect of longevity appears to be independent of political orientations, and the data suggest that peer group influence is operative among faculty members.
Effects of central angiotensin II receptor antagonism on fetal swallowing and cardiovascular activity

Objective: Fetal plasma angiotensin II levels are 10 times the levels found in adults. Despite these high levels, central injection of angiotensin II may stimulate fetal swallowing and increase fetal arterial blood pressure. We postulated that the high rate of spontaneous fetal swallowing and normal fetal pressor regulation may be dependent, in part, on central angiotensin II. In view of the potential dipsogenic role of both type 1 and type 2 angiotensin II receptors, we examined the central effect of the nonselective angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin on fetal swallowing and cardiovascular responses. Study Design: Six time-dated pregnant ewes and fetuses were chronically prepared with fetal vascular and intracerebroventricular catheters, electrocorticograms, and esophageal electromyogram electrodes and studied at 130 ± 1 days' gestation. After an initial 2-hour baseline period (0 to 2 hours), saralasin (1 mL, 64 μg) was injected intracerebroventricularly (2 to 4 hours). After 4 hours the dose of saralasin was repeated together with angiotensin II (1 mL, 6.4 μg), and the fetuses were monitored for a final 2 hours. Four fetuses also underwent an identical control study (on an alternate day) in which saralasin was replaced with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Results: Blockade of central angiotensin II receptors by intracerebroventricular saralasin significantly reduced mean (± SEM) spontaneous fetal swallowing (1.3 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1 swallows per minute; P <.001) but did not alter fetal mean blood pressure (50 ± 5 versus 56 ± 5 mm Hg). Intracerebroventricular angiotensin II, in the presence of saralasin, did not affect swallowing (0.6 ± 0.1 swallows per minute) or fetal blood pressure. In the control study, intracerebroventricular artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not change fetal swallowing (0.9 ± 0.1 versus 1.0 ± 0.1 swallows per minute), whereas intracerebroventricular angiotensin II significantly increased swallowing activity (1.0 ± 0.1 versus 2.0 ± 0.1 swallows per minute; P <.001) and fetal blood pressure (51 ± 2 to 59 ± 3 mm Hg; P =.003). Conclusions: Tonic activity of central angiotensin II receptor stimulation contributed to the high rate of basal ovine fetal swallowing but not fetal basal blood pressure. Angiotensin II–mediated fetal dipsogenic and pressor responses are a result of specific angiotensin II receptor binding in central brain regions. These results indicate that fetal exposure to angiotensin II antagonists or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may have adverse effects on fetal and amniotic fluid homeostasis. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 828-33.)