cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variables related to caregiver behaviors with cognitively impaired elders in institutional settings

The purpose of this study was to identify variables that might influence the behaviors of institutional caregivers when they interact with institutionalized, cognitively impaired elders. Independent variables included type of care situation, type of institution and nursing unit, and selected characteristics of both the caregiver and elder. The care situation was found to have a significant effect on caregiver behaviors. Caregiver characteristics of knowledge of dementia, experience in working with demented elders, and total years of education were significantly related to several caregiver behaviors. Elder characteristics of years of education, number of diagnoses, time on the nursing unit, age, self-care ability, and extent of dementia were related to several caregiver behaviors. Caregiver behaviors did not vary by the elder's gender. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS II. APPEARANCE OF 3H-THYMIDINE-LABELED ROSETTE-FORMING CELLS

A study of the kinetics of antibody-producing cells has been carried out by the use of rosette formation for detection of individual antibody-producing cells, and labeling with tritiated thymidine, in cells obtained from mouse spleens at intervals after injection of SRBC. Following a primary injection of the antigen, the number of RFC per million cells was found to increase to a peak at 5 days, then, after a decrease, to a second peak at about the 10th day. The curve of tritium labeling of RFC was also biphasic, with peaks on the 3rd and 7th day. The second increase in rosette-forming cells could be shown to involve, especially between the 7th and 9th day, a second increase in lymphoid cell RFC and, among these, 7S antibody-producing cells. When the population examined was restricted to large lymphocytes, two peaks of RFC per million cells and two peaks of labeling were again found. In this case, however, the peaks of RFC and of labeling were reached on the same day in each instance, rather than with the 2 day difference found in the entire spleen cell suspension or the entire lymphoid cell population. Electron microscopic examination of labeled rosette-forming cells showed these to be largely lymphocytes, but to include rather well differentiated plasmablasts as well. No macrophages were found among labeled RFC in the primary response. A substantial number of labeled lymphocytes were found in close contiguity with rosette-forming macrophages. The percentage of labeling in such lymphocytes was as high, on the respective days, as the percentage of labeled cells among the RFC of the entire suspension.
Promoter Discrimination at Class I MarA Regulon Promoters Mediated by Glutamic Acid 89 of the MarA Transcriptional Activator of Escherichia coli

Three paralogous transcriptional activators MarA, SoxS, and Rob, activate >40 Escherichia coli promoters. To understand why MarA does not activate certain promoters as strongly as SoxS, we compared MarA, MarA mutants, and SoxS for their abilities to activate 16 promoters and to bind their cognate marbox binding sites. Replacement of the MarA glutamic acid residue 89 with alanine greatly increased the marbox binding and activation of many class I promoters. Like cells constitutive for SoxS, cells expressing the MarA with the E89A mutation were more resistant to superoxides than those harboring WT MarA. The activities of several other E89 substitutions ranked as follows: E89A > E89G > E89V > WT > E89D. Increased binding and activation occurred only at class I promoters when the 12th base of the promoter's marbox (a position at which there is no known interaction between the marbox and MarA) was not a T residue. Furthermore, WT MarA binding to a synthetic marbox in vitro was enhanced when the phosphate group between positions 12 and 13 was eliminated on one strand. The results demonstrate that relatively minor changes in a single amino acid side chain (e.g., alanine to valine or glutamic acid to aspartic acid) can strongly influence activity despite any evidence that the side chain is involved in positive interactions with either DNA or RNA polymerase. We present a model which attributes the differences in binding and activation to the interference between the β- and γ-carbons of the amino acid at position 89 and the phosphate group between positions 12 and 13.
Exercise Capacity and All-Cause Mortality in African American and Caucasian Men With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE — The purpose of this study was to assess the association between exercise capacity and mortality in African Americans and Caucasians with type 2 diabetes and to explore racial differences regarding this relationship. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — African American (n 1,703; aged 60 10 years) and Caucasian (n 1,445; aged 62 10 years) men with type 2 diabetes completed a maximal exercise test between 1986 and 2007 at the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Washington, DC, and Palo Alto, California. Three fitness categories were established (low-, moderate-, and high-fit) based on peak METs achieved. Subjects were followed for all-cause mortality for 7.3 4.7 years. RESULTS — The adjusted mortality risk was 23% higher in African Americans than in Caucasians (hazard ratio 1.23 [95% CI 1.1–1.4]). A graded reduction in mortality risk was noted with increased exercise capacity for both races. There was a significant interaction between race and METs (P 0.001) and among race and fitness categories (P 0.001). The association was stronger for Caucasians. Each 1-MET increase in exercise capacity yielded a 19% lower risk for Caucasians and 14% for African Americans (P 0.001). Similarly, the risk was 43% lower (0.57 [0.44 – 0.73]) for moderate-fit and 67% lower (0.33 [0.22– 0.48]) for high-fit Caucasians. The comparable reductions in African Americans were 34% (0.66 [0.55– 0.80]) and 46% (0.54 [0.39 – 0.73]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS — Exercise capacity is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in African American and Caucasian men with type 2 diabetes. The exercise capacity-related reduction in mortality appears to be stronger and more graded for Caucasians than for African Americans. Diabetes Care 32:623–628, 2009
Carcass Composition and Changes in Body Weights of Lines Selected for Divergence in Yolk Cholesterol

Abstract Carcass composition of two populations of females selected for divergence in yolk cholesterol level were obtained to determine if changes between lines in body weights were due to alteration of lipid metabolism. The 75-week body weights of the line selected from a broiler-type population for low yolk cholesterol were 76% that of the high yolk cholesterol line. The body weights of the low cholesterol line selected from a Leghorn-type population were 90% that of the high line. Carcass compositions were not different between high and low lines within populations. Thus, differences in body weight between the high and low cholesterol lines were proportional for the various carcass components, indicating that the lipid metabolism was not altered by selection for yolk cholesterol.
Degree of starch access : An enzymatic method to determine starch degradation potential of corn grain and corn silage

Starch supplied from corn grain or corn silage is an important source of dietary energy for lactating dairy cows and other ruminants, but few laboratory methods are available to determine starch digestion potential. A laboratory method, degree of starch gelatinization (DSG), commonly used by the food industry to assess relative differences in starch characteristics of human foods was modified for application to corn grain and corn silage. The modified assay, degree of starch access (DSA, g/kg starch), was used to evaluate starch recovery by enzymatic hydrolysis in gelatinized undried, unground corn grains and corn silages, which differed in particle size, dry matter content and endosperm type. Effects of particle size (370, 500, 640, 1100, 3140 and 4000 μm) of corn grains, which are known to influence starch digestion in ruminants, were evaluated. For each 100 μm increase in particle size, DSA decreased (P < 0.001) 26.8 g/kg starch. In high-moisture corn grain, for each 10 g/kg fresh matter increase in DM content, DSA decreased 20.0 g/kg starch (r2 = 0.76). In corn grain of differing endosperm vitreousness (0 g/100 g versus 100 g/100 g endosperm) DSA values were approximately 200 g/kg starch higher for corn grain with no vitreous endosperm as compared to corn grain with highly vitreous (100 g/100 g) endosperm. For corn silage, DSA was positively correlated to latent starch and starch retained on screens < 2.38 mm. While no comparisons between DSA and in vivo starch digestibility exist, the DSA assay may be useful as an index for evaluating differences in starch digestion potential of corn and corn silage fed to ruminants.
Asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal malignancy review and meta-analysis.

The epidemiologic literature linking asbestos exposure with gastrointestinal malignancy is reviewed. Problems in comparing studies are discussed, appropriate strategies for comparison are developed, and study results are pooled using a model which accounts for both intrastudy and interstudy variability. Stratification of cohorts by dose reveals that significant asbestos exposure, as indicated by a lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of at least 200, is associated with an elevated gastrointestinal cancer SMR for five or six end points examined.
An Anaerobic, Intrachamber Incubator for Growth of Methanosarcina spp. on Methanol-Containing Solid Media

To simplify the incubation of Methanosarcina spp. on solid agar medium, a two-port, manual, rectangular air lock was modified to serve as an anaerobic incubator. In one operation, it is possible to incubate 153 petri plates, the equivalent of 11 standard anaerobic jars, with plating efficiencies identical to those of traditional protocols.
Effects of labeling patients as prehypertensive.

Background: Labeling patients as hypertensive has some negative effects. The effects of being labeled as having prehypertension are unknown. We examined whether the label of prehypertension exerts a negative effect on patients’ perceived health and whether it motivates people to adopt lifestyle recommendations to prevent hypertension. Methods: We randomized 97 prehypertensive adults to either a labeling message or a generic (no label) message. At 3 months we assessed self-reports of change in perceived health and reported adoption of lifestyle recommendations to try to prevent hypertension. Results: Except for more participants with asthma in the label group, the 2 groups were similar at baseline. Among the 70 participants who provided 3-month follow-up data, 18 people (56%) in the no-label group and 22 people (58%) in the label group reported their health as the same; 13 people (41%) in the no label group and 16 people (42%) in the label group reported health as better; and 1 person (in no label group) reported his health as worse. At 3 months there were no differences in reports of changing eating habits (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86–1.31), cutting down on salt (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84–1.15), reducing alcohol intake (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.80–1.90), or exercising (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91–1.51) to try to prevent hypertension. Conclusion: Being labeled as prehypertensive seems to exert neither harmful nor helpful effects.
One Method for Assessing the Effectiveness of Fast Brushing

The purposes of this study were to determine if fast brushing of the skin overlying a muscle is effective in increasing the sensitivity of the stretch reflex of that muscle and to detect the optimal rate and duration of brushing to elicit this effect in healthy adults. The stretch sensitivity of the right lateral gastrocnemius muscle was measured by EMG activity and force produced by the abrupt tap of the Achilles tendon before and after fast brushing. Peak-to-peak EMG and force from 10 taps were established. Eight different conditions (two control and six experimental brushing) were applied to 10 healthy adult subjects (age range, 30 to 46 years). The experimental conditions included rotary brushing at 5 Hz, 180 Hz, or 360 Hz for 5 seconds or at 5 Hz, 180 Hz, or 360 Hz for 30 seconds. Postbrushing taps began 30 seconds after the brush was turned off and continued every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. This method of fast brushing did not increase the stretch sensitivity of the muscle in healthy adults. Possible factors influencing the results of the study and recommendations for future studies are presented.
Does Nasal Colonization or Mupirocin Treatment Affect Recurrence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Skin Structure Infections?

Some patients with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and skin structure infections have experienced frequent recurrences. We performed a retrospective study and determined that the presence of nasal colonization did not affect recurrence and nasal mupirocin treatment marginally decreased recurrence.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VALUATION REQUIREMENTS ON THE PREFERRED STOCK INVESTMENT POLICIES OF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES

s of Doctoral Dissertations 561 that market values have usually been abandoned as a useful standard during periods of economic distress. Regulations governing other financial institutions reflect the trend away from the use of market price as a valuation standard. The new regulatory plan proposed in the study includes valuation at cost for preferred stocks meeting prescribed quality standards and several additional improvements over the present system. Such stabilization of asset values should be accompanied by a revised security valuation reserve based upon empirical investment experience regarding yields, defaults, and so on. The existing reserve regulations are examined and found to be somewhat illogical, often inconsistent, and potentially inadequate in certain instances. It appears that the vast majority of life insurance companies will be relatively unaffected by the quality standards recommended, since their existing standards are generally higher than those proposed. The existence of generally able investment personnel argues for considerable flexibility and discretion in the management of the life insurance industry's assets. A trend in this direction is evident over the past decade by changes in state statutes and in regulations enacted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. The recommendations of the study should widen the discretion of investment management and increase the mobility of funds within the economy. Stabilized values should encourage continued purchase of preferred stocks, even in recession periods, and reduce the overvaluation and undervaluation of securities which often accompany periods of extreme business conditions. The author foresees a greater demand for preferred stocks by life insurance companies if these recommendations are adopted. Such a development could lead to a greater resort to preferred stock financing by corporations and reduce the financial risk inherent in overly heavy reliance on bond issues. A revised set of valuation requirements for preferred stocks thus appears to offer significant potential benefits. Careful consideration of these recommendations by the regulatory authorities appears to be warranted. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.191 on Tue, 11 Oct 2016 04:46:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Category detection using hierarchical mean shift

Many applications in surveillance, monitoring, scientific discovery, and data cleaning require the identification of anomalies. Although many methods have been developed to identify statistically significant anomalies, a more difficult task is to identify anomalies that are both interesting and statistically significant. Category detection is an emerging area of machine learning that can help address this issue using a "human-in-the-loop" approach. In this interactive setting, the algorithm asks the user to label a query data point under an existing category or declare the query data point to belong to a previously undiscovered category. The goal of category detection is to bring to the user's attention a representative data point from each category in the data in as few queries as possible. In a data set with imbalanced categories, the main challenge is in identifying the rare categories or anomalies; hence, the task is often referred to as rare category detection. We present a new approach to rare category detection based on hierarchical mean shift. In our approach, a hierarchy is created by repeatedly applying mean shift with an increasing bandwidth on the data. This hierarchy allows us to identify anomalies in the data set at different scales, which are then posed as queries to the user. The main advantage of this methodology over existing approaches is that it does not require any knowledge of the dataset properties such as the total number of categories or the prior probabilities of the categories. Results on real-world data sets show that our hierarchical mean shift approach performs consistently better than previous techniques.
Robust Multi-Pedestrian Tracking in Thermal-Visible Surveillance Videos

In this paper we introduce a system to track pedestrians using a combined input from RGB and thermal cameras. Two major contributions are presented here. First is the novel model of the scene background where each pixel is represented as a multi-modal distribution with the changing number of modalities for both color and thermal input. We demonstrate how to eliminate the influence of shadows with this type of fusion. Second, based on our background model we introduce a pedestrian tracker designed as a particle filter. We further develop a number of informed reversible transformations to sample the model probability space in order to maximize our model posterior probability. The novelty of our tracking approach also comes from a way we formulate observation likelihoods to account for 3D locations of the bodies with respect to the camera and occlusions by other tracked human bodies as well as static objects. The results of tracking on color and thermal sequences demonstrate that our algorithm is robust to illumination noise and performs well in the outdoor environments.
Review of the Potential for a Cyber-Physical System Approach to Temporary Structures Monitoring

Around three quarters of construction workers work on or near temporary structures, whose failures lead to more than 100 deaths, 4500 injuries, and damage costing $90 million each year in the United States. However, few of the temporary structural problems have been well addressed, especially when compared with the increasing improvements in permanent structures. Meanwhile, the review of leading causes of temporary structural failures identifies the need for improved methods, such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), to prevent potential structural hazards. This paper makes the first effort to examine CPS applicability in temporary structures, and potential benefits brought by CPS to temporary structural monitoring. Key definitions and features of CPS, CPS applications in both other industry sectors and the built environment, and applications of CPS enabling technologies in temporary structures are reviewed. It is concluded that CPS provides opportunity to address safety and structural problems of temporary structures. For a clear understanding of how CPS works in structural monitoring, an application scenario of scaffolding system is presented. Finally, system requirements followed by a system architecture are identified.
Antioxidants in health and disease

Background : Although numerous studies have been published about the probable causes of age-related macular degeneration, arresting or preventing the disease continues to be an elusive goal. Methods : The professional literature is reviewed to provide an overview of the relationship of the antioxidants to disorders such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cataracts and macular degeneration. Results : Diseases associated with aging appear to have a common denominator : oxidative damage. Antioxidants have been extensively studied to determine if they can prevent or successfully treat these diseases. Conclusions : Larger-than-recommended amounts of antioxidants need to be used earlier in life, for longer periods of time, to determine their effectiveness in arresting or preventing diseases of aging.
Local-Level Responses to Environmental Degradation in Northwestern Mexico

Environmental degradation in Mexico has had many forms and levels of intensity. An analysis of the sources of environmental degradation in coastal northwestern Mexico reveals that current neoliberal policies, which continue to support the production of agricultural and fishing commodities for export, are partially responsible for this degradation. A focus on two rural communities in coastal southern Sinaloa demonstrates that households, and particularly the women within them, have developed creative mechanisms to cope on a daily basis with the poverty that has resulted from economic crises and the degradation of the surrounding area.
Etiology of the Wasting Diseases

mitogens with lymphoid cells. I. Binding of phytohemagglutinin to cell membrane receptors of cultured Burkitt's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis cells. Afr. J. Med. Sci. 1:3-16, 1970. 19. Taylor, R. B., Duffus, W. P. H., Raff, M. C., de Petris, S. Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibody. Nature [New Biol.] 233:225-229, 1971. 20. Dutton, R. W., Falkoff, R., Hirst, J. A., Hoffmann, M., Kappler, J. W., Kettman, J. R., Lesley, J. F., Vann, D. Is there evidence for a non-antigen specific diffusable chemical mediator from the thymus-derived cell in the initiation of the immune response? In B. Amos [ed.]. Progress in immunology. Academic Press, New York, 1971, p. 355-368. 21. Britton, S. When allogeneic mouse spleen cells are mixed in vitro the T-cells secrete a product which guides the maturation of B-cells. Scand. J. Immunol. 1:89-98, 1972. 22. Feldmann, M., Basten, A. Specific collaboration between T and B lymphocytes across a cell impenetrable membrane. Nature [New Biol.] 237: 13-15, 1972.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SYLLABLES OF HOUSE FINCH SONGS

Bird songs often can be described as strings of individually distinct units called syllables. Toward furthering our understanding of the processes and consequences of vocal learning, geographic variation in vocalizations may be as important at the syllable level as it is at the song level. To examine geographic patterns of song variation at the syllable level in House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), we analyzed the syllable repertoires of 91 males at 21 sites in northern Colorado. Analyses were performed and comparisons were made among individual birds within and between sites. Using Jaccard's similarity coeffi- cient, we determined that syllable sharing among birds was significantly greater within sites and among sites less than 5 km apart than at greater distances. Within a site, any two birds usually did not share the majority of their syllable types, but discriminant function analysis showed that approximately 63% of the birds possessed syllable repertoires that matched most closely those of other birds at the same site. Less than 5% of the birds sang syllables that most closely matched those of birds at a site more than 20 km away. Our results suggest that House Finches in northern Colorado exhibit localized syllable sharing and that syllable sharing decreases exponentially with distance, but we found no evidence for discrete syllable dialects. Geographic variation in bird song typically has been evaluated using whole songs. Depending on how birds assess the singing behavior of other individuals and perceive dif- ferences in songs, it may be important to examine geographic variation and population dif- ferences at the syllable level as well. Received 8 January 1998, accepted 17 November 1998.
Stochastic Critical Stress Intensity Factor Response of Single Edge Notched Laminated Composite Plate

Fiber reinforced composite materials are increasingly being used in aircraft and automotive industries due to their outstanding mechanical properties of very high specific strength and stiffness, better corrosion and fatigue resistance and tailoring ability. During manufacturing and processing, these material structures are subjected to discontinuities in the form of holes, notches, and/or cracks. The presences of these discontinuities in the structures influence the stress distribution, and the stresses around a crack tip increase extraordinarily. In such a condition, it is necessary to consider fracture mechanics parameters known as critical stress intensity factor or toughness of the materials against crack growth under external loadings. To accurately predict the fracture response in terms of stress
A2CI: A Cloud-Based, Service-Oriented Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure to Support Atmospheric Research

Big Earth science data offer the scientific community today great opportunities. Many more studies at large scale, long term, and high resolution can now be conducted using the rich information collected by remote sensing satellites, ground-based sensor networks, and even social media input. However, the hundreds of terabytes of information collected and compiled on an hourly basis by NASA and other government agencies present a significant challenge for atmospheric scientists seeking to improve the understanding of the Earth atmospheric system. These challenges include effective discovery, organization, analysis, and visualization of large amounts of data. This paper reports the outcomes of an NSF-funded project that developed a geospatial cyberinfrastructure—the A2CI (Atmospheric Analysis Cyberinfrastructure)—to support atmospheric research. We first introduce the service-oriented system framework, then describe in detail the implementation of the data discovery module, data management module, data integration module, data analysis and visualization modules following the cloud-computing principles—Data as a Service, Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. We demonstrate the graphic user interface by performing an analysis between Sea Surface Temperature and the intensity of tropical storms in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. We expect this work to contribute to the technical advancement of cyberinfrastructure research as well as to the development of an online, collaborative scientific analysis system for atmospheric science.
Male Boll Weevils: Studies Relating to Attractancy

The attractiveness of male Anthonomus grandis Boheman was closely related to the passage of fecal material. The frass was more attractive than the male, and the rate of attractancy of a starved weevil placed on food increased at approximately the same rate as the increase in food passage.
Commentary on Scheff: The Relevance of Analysis of Emotions to Macro Economic Change: A Response to Concerns regarding Scheff's Work

When a PSA president challenges the disciplinary boundaries between sociology and psychology as part/ whole analysis does, we can expect resistance from those whose primary focus is on political and economic processes, and I think this was evident at the meetings. What does the study of emotions, specifically shame and pride, have to do with macro social problems, for example those related to the downsizing of American corporations? Does the study of emotions in social interaction at the micro level have any relevance to social processes occurring at the macro level in the United States today? There seemed to be some skepticism in response to Scheff's claim that if we understood the microprocesses of emotions, we could somehow resist or even reverse social currents of this magnitude. This critique of Scheff's position takes various forms, but inevitably arises in response to insistence that sociologists must address private troubles as well as public issues. "Isn't it more important that we focus on the process of capital accumulation and the redistribution of wealth at the level of international corporate capitalism?" is the inevitable question. Or perhaps, "We can imagine some benefit to corporate leaders in knowing how to lay workers off without having them retaliate with physical violence, but how can knowledge of emotions benefit the person who is being laid off?" "Isn't the problem basically economic and of such global and historical dimensions that any attempt at understanding the related emotions can be seen as no more than the self indulgences of effete intellectuals?" I think these are reasonable questions that are very difficult, but essential, to answer. Answers to them are found in Scheff's recent work, especially his analyses of World War II in Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism and War (1994). But we need to answer these questions in a variety of contemporary contexts as well if we want our colleagues who are inclined toward macro issues to take the sociology of emotions seriously. Having been inspired by Scheff's Presidential Address and the
An Exploration of Giving Among Gay Male College Alumni

This study explores the influence of sexual orientation and race on college alumni giving. The authors use qualitative methods, interviewing alumni at one university in the Northeast. They also provide recommendations for fundraising and alumni practitioners as well as recommendations for those scholars interested in student identity, fundraising, alumni giving, and campus climate.
Adaptive Threshold Non-Pareto Elimination: Re-thinking machine learning for system level design space exploration on FPGAs

One major bottleneck of the system level OpenCL-to-FPGA design tools is their extremely time consuming synthesis process (including place and route). The design space for a typical OpenCL application contains thousands of possible designs even when considering a small number of design space parameters. It costs months of compute time to synthesize all these possible designs into end-to-end FPGA implementations. Thus, the brute force design space exploration (DSE) is impractical for these design tools. Machine learning is one solution that identifies the valuable Pareto designs by sampling only a small portion of the entire design space. However, most of the existing machine learning frameworks focus on improving the design objective regression accuracy, which is not necessarily suitable for the FPGA DSE task. To address this issue, we propose a novel strategy - Adaptive Threshold Non-Pareto Elimination (ATNE). Instead of focusing on regression accuracy improvement, ATNE focuses on understanding and estimating the inaccuracy. ATNE provides a Pareto identification threshold that adapts to the estimated inaccuracy of the regressor. This adaptive threshold results in a more efficient DSE. For the same prediction quality, ATNE reduces the synthesis complexity by 1.6 − 2.89× (hundreds of synthesis hours) against the other state of the art frameworks for FPGA DSE. In addition, ATNE is capable of identifying the Pareto designs for certain difficult design spaces which the other existing frameworks are incapable of exploring effectively.
A unified high-resolution wind and solar dataset from a rapidly updating numerical weather prediction model

A new gridded dataset for wind and solar resource estimation over the contiguous United States has been derived from hourly updated 1-h forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) 3-km model composited over a three-year period (approximately 22 000 forecast model runs). The unique dataset features hourly data assimilation, and provides physically consistent wind and solar estimates for the renewable energy industry. The wind resource dataset shows strong similarity to that previously provided by a Department of Energy-funded study, and it includes estimates in southern Canada and northern Mexico. The solar resource dataset represents an initial step towards application-specific fields such as global horizontal and direct normal irradiance. This combined dataset will continue to be augmented with new forecast data from the advanced HRRR atmospheric/land-surface model.
Methodological Challenges in Examining Family and Child Perspectives on Lived Experiences of Disability in Daily Life

Date Presented 4/7/2016The authors discuss the salience of family and child perspectives, conceptualization of study design, methodological innovations designed to elicit data related to lived experiences, scientific rigor, analytic approaches, and moral dilemmas.Primary Authors and Speakers: Mary L
Personalized News and Participatory Intent : How Emotional Displays of Everyday Citizens Promote Political Involvement

Political communication scholars have shown that nonverbal communication cues have the potential to influence political judgments. The bulk of this literature has focused on leader displays in the context of electoral politics. The study reported here aligns with that body of literature, but tests how facial displays of ordinary citizens might affect political participatory intentions among different demographic groups. The study reported here provides support for the idea that being exposed to audiovisual news that features emotional testimonies of people with firsthand experience of social issues encourages political participation. The findings from a mixed design experiment (N = 80) examining story personalization, ideological strength, and education level offer evidence that participants from both higher and lower socioeconomic segments of society become equally motivated for political participation after viewing emotional testimony of fellow citizens. It is reasonable to start considering the potenti...
A Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Method To Quantify mRNA Translation by Visualizing Ribosome–mRNA Interactions in Single Cells

Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is a simple and widely used method to measure mRNA transcript abundance and localization in single cells. A comparable single-molecule in situ method to measure mRNA translation would enable a more complete understanding of gene regulation. Here we describe a fluorescence assay to detect ribosome interactions with mRNA (FLARIM). The method adapts smFISH to visualize and characterize translation of single molecules of mRNA in fixed cells. To visualize ribosome–mRNA interactions, we use pairs of oligonucleotide probes that bind separately to ribosomes (via rRNA) and to the mRNA of interest, and that produce strong fluorescence signals via the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) when the probes are in close proximity. FLARIM does not require genetic manipulation, is applicable to practically any endogenous mRNA transcript, and provides both spatial and temporal information. We demonstrate that FLARIM is sensitive to changes in ribosome association wi...
Measuring the distillation curves of non-homogeneous fluids: Method and case study of two pyrolysis oils

Abstract Volatility is an important property in fuels research because it can significantly affect performance and because it is highly sensitive to changes in the composition of a mixture. In the laboratory, volatility is measured as a distillation curve. Difficulty arises when the fluid to be measured is non-homogeneous; that is, it has more than one liquid phase. Using the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method, we analyzed two such fluids, crude pyrolysis oils containing significant water that formed an aqueous phase separate from the organic phase. In this communication, we present a data analysis method that compensates for non-homogeneity in these samples and enables us to compare the organic phase to the experience base of previously measured petroleum and pyrolysis oils.
Spiraling CS2013 knowledge units across a small CS curriculum

At smaller colleges and universities, where the size of the major can be small relative to research universities, curriculum designers face challenges when organizing courses to cover the breadth of the discipline. The 2013 ACM/IEEE-CS Computer Science Curriculum (CS2013) provides guidance, identifying core topics that all computer science students should know, in addition to common supporting and elective topics that round out an education. When a knowledge area has a small number of essential topics, such as in the theory of computation, a smaller college may not find it feasible or advisable to dedicate a full course to that area. Instead, a spiral approach can be taken to integrate important topics across the curriculum, while still providing context for understanding and appreciating their relevance.
Tuning interfacial spin filters from metallic to resistive within a single organic semiconductor family

A metallic spin filter is observed at the interface between $\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{q}}_{3}$ adsorbates and a Cr(001) surface. It can be changed to a resistive (i.e., gapped) filter by substituting Cr ions to make $\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{q}}_{3}$ adsorbates. Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy show these spin-dependent electronic structure changes with single molecule resolution. Density functional theory calculations highlight the structural and electronic differences at the interfaces. For $\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{q}}_{3}$, a charge-transfer interaction with the substrate leads to a metallic spin filter. For $\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{q}}_{3}$, direct covalent interactions mix molecular orbitals with the substrate surface state to make two well-separated interfacial hybrid orbitals.
Data Management Best Practices of Complex Socio-technical Systems: A Review of U.S. Mining Safety and Health Management

Sociotechnical systems are everywhere in the modern industrial world. Sociotechnical systems describe how humans interact with technology throughout a variety of processes. These systems are prevalent in modern industrial settings, such as operating mines. Safety and health management systems (SHMSs) are complex sociotechnical structures designed with the aim of managing and reducing occupational risk. U.S. mining companies are voluntarily adopting SHMSs to supplement regulatory safety compliance efforts. Like all complex sociotechnical systems there are a wide variety of approaches and adoption philosophies around a SHMS. Many SHMSs suffer from high levels of redundancies, which manifest themselves in diverse ways: duplicate processes, forms, permits, and tracking mechanisms. These redundancies have severe impacts on the overall system and absorb critical culture and leadership “energy”. A recent study initiated by the University of Utah and sponsored by the Alpha Foundation is investigating the effectiveness of SHMSs across 15 different U.S. mining sites. A large amount of data has been captured to help characterize elements of SHMSs and correlate their impacts on safety outcomes. Many variables were assessed in the study. Those of importance to this paper are the variables describing the robustness of the sociotechnical aspects of the SHMS. Two such variables are the overall integration of the SHMS within the whole system and how data is managed. Data management in this context deals with the approach to capturing, analyzing, and acting on data within the system. As well, systems are integrated around controlled, data-sharing mechanisms. It has been found that wide variety of approaches has been taken to integrate the SHMS within the governing management philosophy at a given site. A series of case studies is presented that develop some specific best practices for proper data management and integration of SHMSs.
White Girl teaching

this is methis journey has taken meand shaken memade meor really just shaped meyou see it’s weirdI didn’t want to be herenot only did I not want to teach hereI didn’t even want to be a teacherbut t...
Social return and intent to travel

In recognition that not all travel experiences are evaluated equally, there is the opportunity for different travel experiences to generate varying levels of “Social Return.” “Social Return” is the amount of positive social feedback that one's social media posts of travel generate. This paper develops the Social Return Scale (SRS) and uses the scale to predict 758 U.S. travelers' intentions to visit the country of Cuba. The CFA of the SRS revealed strong construct validity based upon factor loadings above 0.85, an average variance explained estimate of 86%, and a construct reliability coefficient of 0.91. The SRS also had a positive and significant relationship with intention to visit Cuba across six structural equation models that varied by time horizon (1 year, 5 year and 10 years) and the inclusion of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. Results suggest that “Social Return” is a salient symbolic factor in the destination selection process.
Pork carcass composition derived from a neural network model of electromagnetic scans

We used an advanced computer logic system (NETS 3.0) to decipher electromagnetic (EM) scans in lieu of traditional linear regression for estimation of pork carcass composition. Fifty EM scans of pork carcasses were obtained on-line (prerigor) at a swine slaughter facility. Right sides were cut into wholesale parts and dissected into fat, lean, and bone to obtain total dissected carcass and primal cut lean. In this study, the input layer consisted of 81 nodes (80-point EM scan curve and warm carcass weight), one hidden layer of 42 nodes, and an output layer consisting of one node, which were run separately for outputs of ham, loin, or shoulder lean. The hidden layer connected to the output of total lean contained 50 nodes. Thirty-five scans were used for training of the network. The new network was then tested with 15 previously unseen input/output pairs. Separate neural networks were developed for the estimation of dissected total carcass, ham, loin, and shoulder lean. The NETS configuration improved on linear regression equations for estimation of total carcass lean by .31 kg, ham lean by .284 kg, and shoulder lean by .148 kg. Our results show that advanced computer logic systems have the capacity to improve upon traditional linear regression equations for prediction of pork carcass composition.
Fundamental Aspects of T7 RNA Polymerase Structure and Mechanism

The enzymes that synthesize the nucleic acids — the polymerases — execute a reaction of fascinating complexity. Early work on these enzymes was carried out by biochemists who approached them from a classical, enzymological perspective and emphasized physical purity and quantitative assays (Korberg 1989). However, because of their roles in gene replication and expression, these enzymes also attracted the interest of molecular biologists who emphasized an approach that, while perhaps less quantitative, led more readily to qualitative answers for questions of broad significance. This was necessary, for an insistence on physical purity of all reaction components or rigorous formulation of kinetic mechanisms would have made it very difficult to make rapid progress in the study of these large and fragile macromolecules and the complex reactions they carry out. While necessary and productive, these more qualitative studies necessarily left our understanding of some aspects of polymerase mechanism rather sketchy.
The fine structure of ‘homology’

There is long-standing conflict between genealogical and developmental accounts of homology. This paper provides a general framework that shows that these accounts are compatible and clarifies precisely how they are related. According to this framework, understanding homology requires both (a) an abstract genealogical account that unifies the application of the term to all types of characters used in phylogenetic systematics and (b) locally enriched accounts that apply only to specific types of characters. The genealogical account serves this unifying role by relying on abstract notions of ‘descent’ and ‘character’. As a result, it takes for granted the existence of such characters. This requires theoretical justification that is provided by enriched accounts, which incorporate the details by which characters are inherited. These enriched accounts apply to limited domains (e.g. genes and proteins, or body parts), providing the needed theoretical justification for recognizing characters within that domain. Though connected to the genealogical account of homology in this way, enriched accounts include phenomena (e.g. serial homology, paralogy, and xenology) that fall outside the scope of the genealogical account. They therefore overlap, but are not nested within, the genealogical account. Developmental accounts of homology are to be understood as enriched accounts of body part homology. Once they are seen in this light, the conflict with the genealogical account vanishes. It is only by understanding the fine conceptual structure undergirding the many uses of the term ‘homology’ that we can understand how these uses hang together.
Percutaneous Placement of Fiducial Markers for Thoracic Malignancies

Image-guided placement of fiducial markers is in some ways an extension of percutaneous procedures such as needle biopsy of lung pathology, which are native to most interventional radiology practices. To that extent, learning the procedure is not difficult for those who are familiar with the basic principles of image-guided lung nodule biopsy. However, there are significant modifications in the procedure that are necessary in order to ensure appropriate placement and distribution of the fiducial markers. Proper positioning of fiducial markers in specific geometric configurations is essential for accurate targeting of the nodule. This chapter focuses on the principles of CT-guided percutaneous placement of fiducial markers. For the most part, this procedure is performed on a consultative basis by interventional radiologists, physicians who specialize in minimally invasive image-guided therapy. Special considerations for patient selection, pre-procedural preparation, techniques, and post-procedural care are explained.
Berry Phase and its Unitarily Invariant Generalization

The geometrical phase in quantum mechanics discovered by Berry is not invariant under unitary transformations. It is generalized to be unitarily invariant and applicable to nonadiabatic and noncyclic systems. Examples of a spin-1/2 particle in a precessing magnetic field and a time-dependent generalized harmonic oscillator are considered.
Effects of Large Doses of Androgen on Rodent Erythropoiesis and Body Composition

Six weeks treatment of male and female mature Sprague-Dawley rats with 8 mg. testosterone enanthate per week produced varied effects depending upon the sex of the animal. Compared to controls, the androgen-treated female rats exhibited a greater gain in body weight which was predominantly water. There was concomitant renal hypertrophy and fat loss. An accelerated rate of erythropoiesis produced a gain in total red cell volume out of proportion to the accretion of lean tissue. Treated male rats gained somewhat less water and lean tissue and much less fat than controls. Definite evidence of acceleration of erythropoiesis was not observed. It is concluded that the female rat is more sensitive to the erythropoietic effects of large doses of androgen than is the male. The erythropoietic response to androgen in the female rat appears to be independent of the effects of the hormone on body composition.