cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desire for control, locus of control, and proneness to depression

Two personality constructs, desire for control and locus of control, were related to depression among college students. Measures of levels of depression, desire for control, and locus of control were taken from subjects. Approximately six months later 71% of these subjects returned a questionnaire concerning their experiences with depression during that six-month period. It was found that locus of control scores, particularly the extent to which subjects perceived that their lives were controlled by chance, were significantly related to the depression levels. It was also found that high desire for control subjects who held external perceptions of control were most likely to seek nonprofessional help for depression. In addition, high desire for control subjects who perceived their lives as generally controlled by chance were most likely to have suicidal thoughts. The results are interpreted in terms of a general style that may promote a proneness to depression for certain individuals.
To Iterate Or Not To Iterate? Using The WACC In Equity Valuation

The “textbook” discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation method involves estimating a target debt ratio for the firm, discounting firm cash flows at the WACC to estimate firm value, then subtracting the current value of debt to get equity value. This method gives the correct equity value in situations in which the firm will move toward the target debt ratio after the transaction is complete, such as takeovers and capital budgeting projects. The textbook method does not work well for estimating equity value in passive investments in which leverage is unlikely to change as a result of the potential transaction. Estimating equity value in passive investments when leverage is unlikely to change requires a simple iterative procedure to correct for circularity, which is demonstrated here. This situation sows confusion among students and practitioners. Finance scholars and textbook authors are aware of the situation but the author has never seen it clearly explained in prior textbooks or articles.
Cross-trial prediction of treatment outcome in depression: a machine learning approach

Summary Background Antidepressant treatment efficacy is low, but might be improved by matching patients to interventions. At present, clinicians have no empirically validated mechanisms to assess whether a patient with depression will respond to a specific antidepressant. We aimed to develop an algorithm to assess whether patients will achieve symptomatic remission from a 12-week course of citalopram. Methods We used patient-reported data from patients with depression (n=4041, with 1949 completers) from level 1 of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D; ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00021528) to identify variables that were most predictive of treatment outcome, and used these variables to train a machine-learning model to predict clinical remission. We externally validated the model in the escitalopram treatment group (n=151) of an independent clinical trial (Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes [COMED]; ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00590863). Findings We identified 25 variables that were most predictive of treatment outcome from 164 patient-reportable variables, and used these to train the model. The model was internally cross-validated, and predicted outcomes in the STAR*D cohort with accuracy significantly above chance (64·6% [SD 3·2]; p Interpretation Building statistical models by mining existing clinical trial data can enable prospective identification of patients who are likely to respond to a specific antidepressant. Funding Yale University.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATE ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY, AND LEAF CHEMISTRY OF DARK TOBACCO

To evaluate response of dark fire-cured and dark air-cured tobacco to nitrogen application rate, field experiments were conducted at 4 locations in Kentucky and Tennessee over 4 years. Locations we...
Seasonality of MODIS LST over Southern Italy and correlation with land cover, topography and solar radiation

AbstractLand Surface Temperature (LST) is a key variable in the interactions and energy fluxes between the Earth surface and the atmosphere. Satellite data provide consistent, continuous and spatially distributed information on the Earth's surface conditions among which LST. Ten years of NASA-MODIS day-time and night-time 1 km LST data over Southern Italy have been analyzed to quantify the influence of factors such as topography and the land cover on LST spatio-temporal variations. Results show that topography significantly influence LST variability as a function of the land cover and to a different extent for day-time and night-time data. Moreover, the relation between LST and the influential factors varies with the season during the year. This study contributes to a further understanding of the complex relationship between the spatio-temporal variability of the surface thermal conditions and its driving factors highlighting how these relationships might change within the year.
ACE inhibitor effects on platelet function in stages I-II hypertension.

Summary:Angiotensin II enhances platelet aggregation through activation of the G protein-linked pathway present in platelets. Studies of several angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have demonstrated marked differences on platelets. Therefore this prospective, randomized, double-blind, cro
Facilitated transport in vasa recta: theoretical effects on solute exchange in the medullary microcirculation

A new theoretical model describing the exchange of water and solutes between the renal medullary interstitium and the microcirculation was developed to account for the presence of water channels and urea transporters, both of which were recently identified in the descending vasa recta (DVR) of the renal medulla. Small solutes, which are excluded from the water channels, are freely exchanged through a parallel pathway shared with water. The transcapillary concentration gradients of sodium and urea across the water channels induce water efflux from DVR, whereas classic Starling forces across the shared pathway favor volume uptake by DVR. Because small solute concentration gradients are large in the inner medulla, the model predicts net water removal from DVR, in agreement with experimental observations. The descending and ascending vasa recta (AVR) function as a countercurrent exchanger, the efficiency of which is inversely related to the net amount of solute taken up by the medullary microcirculation. Our results indicate that net solute removal from the medulla is governed by convective uptake into AVR and thus depends predominantly on the parameters affecting AVR transcapillary volume flux. The simulations also suggest that the urea transporter significantly enhances the exchange of both sodium and urea and might serve to abrogate a reduction in exchanger efficiency imparted by water channels.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: How Much Treatment Is Enough, How Much Is Too Much?

In the accompanying article, Wood concisely reviews currentmanagement of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), with a focus on the use of radiotherapy (RT) after breastconserving surgery (BCS). The crux of his argument is that because RT does not prolong survival, its usemust be considered optional and the risks and benefits of RT considered in the context of patient values. Henotes that“nearly twice asmanywomen will have an inferior cosmetic outcome result as will benefit from avoiding a recurrent breast lesion,” and that the use of RT for initial treatment necessitates mastectomy for any subsequent recurrence. The importance of considering patient preference in decision making when there is equipoise in survival outcomes is inarguable.Wesurveyedpatients aboutpriorities and treatment choices in a population-based study of 1,629 patientswithDCIS and stage I and II breast cancer. Concern about disease recurrence was the most important factor in treatment choice, greatly influencing 37%, whereas concerns about radiation or body image greatly influenced only 15% and5%of patients, respectively. Prevention of local recurrence in DCIS is particularly relevant to patient concerns, because 50% of these recurrences are invasive carcinoma, and randomized trials have demonstrated a significant increase in mortality in patients experiencing invasive recurrence after DCIS treatment. Thus, it is not particularly surprising that risk-averse patients opt for RTor, increasingly, forbilateralmastectomy. Endocrine Therapy Wood also notes that endocrine therapy is an alternative to RT for risk reduction in women with DCIS. Endocrine therapy has the advantage of reducing the incidence of both ipsilateral and contralateral breast events, but the absolute benefit of 5 years of treatment is modest. In a meta-analysis of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B24 trial and the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand trials of adjuvant tamoxifen in DCIS, no significant difference in all-cause mortality was seen with tamoxifen treatment compared with placebo, but tamoxifen treatment did statistically significantly reduce ipsilateral and contralateral DCIS events and contralateral invasive cancers, with a trend toward reduction of ipsilateral invasive cancer. The number needed to treat for a protective effect against all breast events was 15. However, ameta-analysis of 10-year event rates in9,404patientswithDCIS found that the local recurrence rate after BCS and RTwas 14.4%, compared with 24.7% with BCS and tamoxifen, suggesting that if the goal is to minimize recurrence, RT is the more effective strategy. A decision to use tamoxifen (or an aromatase inhibitor) also subjects the patient to 5 years of the welldocumented side effects of endocrine therapy. Most importantly, the acceptance of tamoxifen among patients with DCIS is limited. In a Canadian population-based cohort of women with DCIS treated in
Sanitary Status of Drinking Water in Shenyang Railway Regions

[Objective]To understand the sanitary status of drinking water in Shenyang railway regions,and provide scientific evidence for disease prevention and control in railway. [Methods]A retrospective analysis was performed on monitoring data of drinking water in this area from 2009 to 2010. [Results]The total qualified rate was 71.6%,among which the qualified rate of self-owned water was 57.0%,that of second supplied water was 91.2%,43.8% of non-central supplied water.The differences between self-owned water,second supplied water and non-central supplied water were significant(χ2=70.06,P0.01;χ2=27.23,P0.01). [Conclusion]Pollution to different extent exists in drinking water of railway regions,especially in non-central supplied water and self-owned water.The potential hazards in drinking water should attract attentions from relative departments.
T phases from 80 Alaskan earthquakes, March 28-31, 1964

A large T -phase signal was received at Pt. Sur, California, from the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964. Additional T phases were received from 90 per cent of the 80 aftershocks studied in the Kodiak Island area. The largest T phases were received from hypocenters beneath the upper portion of the continental shelf.
Coproducing Nostalgia across the Mediterranean: Visions of the Jewish-Muslim Past in French-Tunisian Cinema

In the wake of the Tunisian Revolution that in turn launched the Arab Spring popular uprisings, the previous support of Jews of Tunisian origin living in France for the Ben Ali dictatorship prompted a new level of engagement with Tunisian politics. This article examines the collaboration between Jewish and Muslim writers and filmmakers that created a series of nostalgic films depicting the country’s “exceptional” cosmopolitan past. Analyzing Nouri Bouzid’s Homme de cendres (1986), Ferid Boughedir’s Un ete a la Goulette (1996) and Villa Jasmin (2007), and Lucie Caries’s Bon baisers de la Goulette (2007), these films critique the contemporary discourse depicting Jews and Muslims as eternal enemies. Shifting the burden of conflict away from indigenous Tunisians, they show French colonialism and/or the IsraeliArab wars as exogenous factors that undermined the inherent harmony of a shared Mediterranean past. Regardless of the veracity of these narratives, the article questions the limits and constraints of such nostalgic discourse to address present Jewish-Muslim dynamics in France and beyond.
Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Current options

There are a variety of effective treatment options to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The most effective treatments are primarily reproductive and target the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis. Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is headed toward replacing clomiphene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as the first-choice option. Metabolic treatments likely work indirectly through the HPO axis. Many metabolic treatments have shown initial promise and later failed (troglitozone or d-chiro-inositol) or disappointed (metformin); further studies are needed of newer agents to treat type 2 diabetes. Weight loss interventions, lifestyle related, through obesity drugs or through bariatric surgery have shown mixed results on pregnancy outcomes. With both reproductive and metabolic treatments, combination therapies (such as metformin and clomiphene together) may offer greater benefit to distinct subgroups of patients.
Dispersion of oil into water using lecithin-Tween 80 blends: The role of spontaneous emulsification

Abstract Lecithin-rich mixtures of the nontoxic surfactants lecithin and Tween 80 are effective marine oil spill dispersants, but produce much higher oil-water interfacial tension than other, comparably effective dispersants. This suggests interfacial phenomena other than interfacial tension influence lecithin-Tween 80 dispersants’ effectiveness. The interface between seawater and dispersant-crude oil mixtures was studied using light microscopy, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, and droplet coalescence tests. Lecithin:Tween 80 ratio was varied from 100:0 to 0:100 and wt% dispersant in the oil was varied from 1.25 to 10 wt%. Tween 80-rich dispersants cause oil-into-water spontaneous emulsification, while lecithin-rich dispersants primarily cause water-into-oil spontaneous emulsification. Possible mechanisms for this spontaneous emulsification are discussed, in light of images of spontaneously emulsifying interfaces showing no bursting microstructures, interfacial gel, or phase inversion, and negligible interfacial turbulence. Dispersant loss into seawater due to oil-into-water spontaneous emulsification may explain why Tween 80-rich dispersants are less effective than lecithin-rich dispersants with comparable interfacial tension, although longer droplet coalescence times observed for Tween 80-rich, self-emulsifying dispersant-oil mixtures may mitigate the effects of dispersant leaching. Conversely, surfactant retention in oil via lecithin-rich dispersants’ water-into-oil emulsification may explain why lecithin-Tween 80 dispersants are as effective as dispersants containing other surfactant blends which produce lower interfacial tension.
A Note on AdS/SYM Correspondence on the Coulomb Branch

We study Maldacena's conjecture and the AdS/SYM correspondence on the Coulomb branch. Several interesting aspects of this conjectured AdS/SYM correspondence on the Coulomb branch are pointed out and clarified.
Life-threatening asthma : ventilatory support in paediatric intensive care : guest review

The majority of children with acute severe asthma respond to emergency treatment with only a small proportion of children requiring paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission. Airway inflammation, oedema, excessive mucus secretion with airway plugging and bronchospasm results in severe inspiratory and expiratory airway obstruction. Non-invasive ventilatory support has been shown to be a safe method of decreasing the work of breathing, improving oxygenation and relieving expiratory airway obstruction in children. Intubation is a high-risk procedure, with ketamine and rocuronium being the preferred drugs for intubation. There are no appreciable differences between using either pressure or volume modes of ventilation. Lung-protective ventilator strategies should be used to avoid ventilator-induced lung injuries. Low respiratory rates allow for a longer period of exhalation and avoids breath stacking. External positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) can relieve the airway obstruction from high intrinsic PEEP. The majority of asthma-related deaths result from events preceding PICU admission.
Adaptive noise reduction algorithm based on gradient in wavelet feature domain

Conventional linear system adaptive filtering techniques have been widely used in adaptive noise reduction problems. However, because of the linearity of the operation, it is difficult to suppress the noise and keep the speech signal using linear filters when the spectrum of a signal is somewhat wideband and nonstationary. In order to slove the problem, gradient-based adaptive learning algorithms with the characteristics of infinitely differentiable are presented to seek the optimal solution for noise reduction. Test on several different speech databases, the experimental results also prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Diverse Roles of Arrestin Scaffolds in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling.

The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as key regulators of multiple signaling pathways. Evolutionarily related to a larger group of regulatory scaffolds that share a common arrestin fold, the visual/β-arrestins acquired the capacity to detect and bind activated GPCRs on the plasma membrane, which enables them to control GPCR desensitization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking. By acting as scaffolds that bind key pathway intermediates, visual/β-arrestins both influence the tonic level of pathway activity in cells and, in some cases, serve as ligand-regulated scaffolds for GPCR-mediated signaling. Growing evidence supports the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of arrestins and underscores their potential as therapeutic targets. Circumventing arrestin-dependent GPCR desensitization may alleviate the problem of tachyphylaxis to drugs that target GPCRs, and find application in the management of chronic pain, asthma, and psychiatric illness. As signaling scaffolds, arrestins are also central regulators of pathways controlling cell growth, migration, and survival, suggesting that manipulating their scaffolding functions may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. In this review we examine the structure–function relationships that enable arrestins to perform their diverse roles, addressing arrestin structure at the molecular level, the relationship between arrestin conformation and function, and sites of interaction between arrestins, GPCRs, and nonreceptor-binding partners. We conclude with a discussion of arrestins as therapeutic targets and the settings in which manipulating arrestin function might be of clinical benefit.
Agency, Embodiment, & Affect During Play in a Mixed-Reality Learning Environment

Beginning from the assumption that young children (ages 6-8) are capable of reasoning about complex phenomena [12], we set out to better understand dimensions of the Science through Technology Enhanced Play environment that provided support for children to learn about relationships between multiple levels of an emergent phenomenon [23] states of matter. We conducted interactional analysis [15] of several moments in two classrooms as students developed and refined understanding of rules that connect micro behavior of particles of water to macro understanding about states of matter. We argue that central to students' disciplinary work were (1) multiple forms of agency negotiated within the STEP environment that were deeply intertwined with (2) students' embodiment. Agency and embodiment both supported students' consensus understanding of relationships between levels of the states of matter phenomenon (3) through students' joyful and playful collaborative work. We examine several episodes in detail to explore these findings.
Metal Organic Framework-Modified Graphene-Based Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) is one of promising non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this research, we investigated new N-G catalysts which are modified by the metal-organic framework (MOF), to enhance the electrochemical performance of N-G catalysts. The new MOF-modified N-G (N-G/MOF) catalysts with microporous structures are successfully synthesized by high energy nano wet ball milling methods with N-G and ZIF-8. The physical and chemical properties of new synthesized N-G/MOF catalysts are characterized several characterization methods such as XPS, XAS, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, BET and RRDE. The result shows that new microporous structures in NG/MOF catalysts were formed at 350 RPM which are totally different from structures of N-G and ZIF-8, and BET surface area is increased from 25 to 1103 (m 2 /gram). However, at 650 RPM the new microporous structures are suppressed to have no significant effect on the N-G structure. The ongoing research activities are trying to understand the synthesis reaction mechanism and to study the control of the synthesis mechanism through chemical and electrochemical characterizations of N-G/MOF catalysts. This research shows that the ZIF-8 could be a promising additive to modify physical, chemical, and catalytic performances of N-G catalysts. The successful accomplishment of the new N-G/MOF catalysts will provide the substantial way to the cost-effective and fuel-efficient energy conversion system.
Abstract 19654: Cardiac Epigenetic and Transcriptional Responses to In Utero Diesel Exposure

Introduction: We have previously shown, in a mouse model, that gestational exposure to diesel exhaust causes placental inflammation, as well as increased cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and susceptibility to heart failure in the adult offspring following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We have also found that the hearts of the in utero diesel exhaust (DE) exposed mice show an increased rate of apoptosis following TAC, and that neonatal cardiomyocytes from in utero exposed mice are more susceptible to apoptosis to hydrogen peroxide, suggesting an alteration of the cardiomyocytes that increases sensitivity to apoptotic triggers. The basis for this susceptibility is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that in utero exposure to DE alters DNA methylation at specific loci in cardiomyocytes and also alters transcriptional profiles to promote susceptibility to injury. Methods: We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing on neonatal cardiomyocytes isolated from p0 pups exposed to DE or filtered air (FA) in utero. Results: Analysis of CpG-enriched DNA from exposed neonatal cardiomyocytes showed not only global hypomethylation in DE exposed animals, but also 63 specific differentially methylated regions (DRMs). Ingenuity pathway analysis indicates hypomethylation of DRMs associated with genes involved in pathways important for cardiac hypertrophy, beta-adrenergic and GPCR signaling. RNA sequencing showed signficantly dysregulated transcription of 300 genes involved in pathways such as mitochondrial carnitine shuttling, fatty acid oxidation, AMPK signaling, and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions: In utero exposure to diesel exhaust leads to profound changes in cardiomyocyte DNA methylation and RNA transcription that likely alter beta-adrenergic signaling, cellular energetics and cell cycle regulation. These alterations likely have downstream effects that promote susceptibility to adult injury. Understanding how exposure changes gene expression through dysregulation of DNA methylation or other mechanisms will be vital for identifying therapeutic interventions for air pollution-related heart failure.
Challenges and pedagogies for teaching inequality in undergraduate development economics

Students in undergraduate economics classes, bogged down by mathematical and statistical technicalities, often fail to connect classroom learning to real world experiences which would better help to understand concepts and to examine policy prescriptions for economic issues such as economic inequality. Through a combination of different pedagogies involving academic resources, media, data analysis and experiential learning, students in my economic development course are exposed to the challenges of measuring and combating inequality. By looking at income inequality in conjunction with inequalities of health and education access, and understanding gender and racial differences across nations as well as locally, students grasp the complexities of public policies addressing inequality. Adopting a feminist methodology in class provides students a framework to analyse the heterogeneity of the human experience critical to the study of inequality.
Solving Constrained Multiple Resource Networks Both Forward and Backward Using Brooks Algorithm

Many Brooks algorithm (BAG)-based heuristics have been proposed to solve the constrained multiple resource problem. BAG starts at the beginning of a project network, determines a list of available ...
Resolution of organ functional scores to predict outcomes in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be used as an alternative therapy for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients who have failed conventional mechanical ventilation. We undertook a study to investigate the determinants of mortality and the sequential evolution of organ failures in ECMO-treated ARDS patients.
Temporal Management of Invasive Species

Successful management of invasive species requires using spatial models of current distributions and forecasts of spread with explicit consideration of the effects of time on the invasion. Forecasts must also include components contributing to the spread rate such as invasion stage and Allee effects. There are several different analysis techniques available for spatial models and forecasting, and the appropriate technique will depend on the particular research or management question. Many of the best forecasting examples with time as a parameter exist for insect species, but the same techniques are useful in forecasting the spread of plant species. Often, data availability is a limiting factor in doing this, so we need to change the data being collected. Inclusion of this temporal information in prioritization of resources for control/eradication efforts will help them be effective and efficient.
Tribute, Antimarkets, and Consumption: An Archaeology of Capitalist Effects in Colonial Guatemala

This chapter will draw on archaeological work at San Pedro Aguacatepeque—a colonial Kaqchikel Maya community in the Pacific piedmont of Guatemala—to explore how (and to what effects) Spanish colonial tribute requirements and the demands of the regional and emerging global economy afforded Maya entanglement with processes and practices that have come to be defined as hallmark traits of the modern capitalist world system. I argue that these traits (e.g., market dependence, cash crop production, and wage labor, all of which were present at Aguacatepeque) are problematically and inconsistently used by scholars as diagnostic markers for identifying “true” capitalist contexts. Instead, I consider the presence of such traits, and the unequal power relations that foster their emergence, as the effects of microscale shifts in practice, put in motion by the entanglements of colonial projects, the specificities of local contexts, and emerging global market demands. Drawing on archaeological research, material analyses, and archival research, this chapter provides a case study illustrating the complex assemblage of actors and manifold causal factors that afforded Aguacatepeque’s participation in the capitalist colonial processes of the early modern world, and the subsequent impact this participation had on the material practices (i.e., consumption and production) and subjectivities of the community’s inhabitants.
New avenues of international cooperation in audiovisual language teaching

opments in modern language teaching. This colloquy was sponsored by the newly formed International AudioVisual Technical Center (IAVTC), established by the Bell Foundation and sponsored by the educational authorities of Belgium and the Common Market organization. IAVTC is a nonprofit organization for information, documentation, and international relations in the field of audiovisual education. It serves as a clearinghouse and international forum for school administrators, educators, and manufacturers of educational media. The administrative council consists of an international group of leaders and specialists in industry, government, and education representing Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy, Norway, Spain, India, and the United States. The official administrative
Pulmonary sarcoidosis; a physiopathologic analysis.

Abstract 1. 1. Analysis has been made of the pulmonary function tests and clinical courses of 23 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. In 9 of the 23 patients the severity of symptoms warranted treatment with ACTH or cortisone over periods ranging from 1 to 6 years; improvement occurred in 7 of the 9 patients who were so treated. 2. 2. Remarkably low residual lung volumes were found in 19 cases. Both racemic epinephrine aerosol and steroid therapy increased the abnormally low residual volumes toward normal, and the increase correlated well with clinical improvement. This phenomenon together with the hyperventilation also observed seemed better explained by the inflammatory character of the sarcoid granuloma than by fibrosis. Resolution of the inflammation is enhanced by ACTH or cortisone and, temporarily, by racemic epinephrine aerosol inhalation.
Chapter 2 Multimedia and Sensor Security

Abstract Multimedia and sensor security emerged as an important area of research largely due to growing accessibility of tools and applications through different media and Web services. There are many aspects of multimedia and sensor security ranging from trust in multimedia and sensor networks; security in ubiquitous databases, middleware, and multi‐domain systems; privacy in ubiquitous environment and sensor networks; and radio frequency identification security. Particularly interesting are multimedia information security, forensics, image watermarking, and steganography. There are different reasons for using security in multimedia and sensors that depend on the method of access, the type of accessed information, the information placement and the availability of copying, sensitivity of protected information, and potential ways for corruption of data and their transmission. Protection of image and data includes watermarking, steganography, and forensics. Multi‐domain systems, middleware, and databases are used for both local and distributed protections. Sensor networks often use radio frequency identification tags for identification. Both trusted hardware and software are needed to maintain multimedia and sensor security. Different applications require various levels of security often embedded in the multimedia image. In addition, a certain security level is needed for transmission of the application. Sensors use different security for data gathering depending on the type of data collected. Secure transmission is needed for sensor data. We present a comprehensive approach to multimedia and sensor security from application, system, network, and information processing perspective. Trusted software and hardware are introduced as support base for multimedia and sensor security.
Predictive modeling of housing instability and homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), Grant/Award Number: IIR 13-334 (IIR 13-334 - U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSRD))
A Comparison of Approximations for Base-Level Activation in ACT-R

Cognitive models provide a principled alternative for hypothesis testing and measuring individual differences. However, many cognitive models are computationally intensive to simulate, making their use difficult. Using approximations can make the application of cognitive models more tractable. We compare the standard and hybrid approximations of the base-level activation equation for the ACT-R cognitive architecture with respect to four criteria: (1) preservation of core properties, (2) computational efficiency, (3) robustness to violations of assumptions, and (4) mathematical tractability. Contrary to a core property of the theory, activation for the standard approximation was non-monotonic with respect to the decay parameter, rendering it unidentifiable. Consequentially, the standard approximation is not valid for investigating individual differences in decay or experiments designed to manipulate decay. However, monotonicity is largely preserved with the hybrid approximation. Additionally, we show that both approximations are equally more computationally efficient than the exact equation. Furthermore, the hybrid approximation can achieve the same level of computational efficiency as the standard approximation while achieving greater accuracy. Our robustness analysis reveals that the hybrid approximation is more robust to violations of the assumption of equally spaced retrievals compared to the standard approximation. However, the hybrid approximation sacrifices some mathematical tractability in order to achieve improvements along the other criteria. Based on these findings, we encourage the use of the hybrid approximation for parameter estimation.
Genome Comparisons of Wild Isolates of Caulobacter crescentus Reveal Rates of Inversion and Horizontal Gene Transfer

Since previous interspecies comparisons of Caulobacter genomes have revealed extensive genome rearrangements, we decided to compare the nucleotide sequences of four C. crescentus genomes, NA1000, CB1, CB2, and CB13. To accomplish this goal, we used PacBio sequencing technology to determine the nucleotide sequence of the CB1, CB2, and CB13 genomes, and obtained each genome sequence as a single contig. To correct for possible sequencing errors, each genome was sequenced twice. The only differences we observed between the two sets of independently determined sequences were random omissions of a single base in a small percentage of the homopolymer regions where a single base is repeated multiple times. Comparisons of these four genomes indicated that horizontal gene transfer events that included small numbers of genes occurred at frequencies in the range of 10−3 to 10−4 insertions per generation. Large insertions were about 100 times less frequent. Also, in contrast to previous interspecies comparisons, we found no genome rearrangements when the closely related NA1000, CB1, and CB2 genomes were compared, and only eight inversions and one translocation when the more distantly related CB13 genome was compared to the other genomes. Thus, we estimate that inversions occur at a rate of one per 10 to 12 million generations in Caulobacter genomes. The inversions seem to be complex events that include the simultaneous creation of indels.
On PAR with the Yard: Participatory Action Research to Advance Knowledge in Corrections

Participatory action research (PAR) focuses on conducting research with people, instead of on people. While this collaborative approach has been used across a range of disciplines, criminology has ...
PTSD Symptom Clusters and Craving Differs by Primary Drug of Choice.

Objective: Research has demonstrated a cyclical relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder. Identifying factors that link PTSD symptom clusters and substan...
On the spectral norms of pseudo-wigner and related matrices

We investigate the spectral norms of symmetric N × N matrices from two pseudo-random ensembles. The first is the pseudo-Wigner ensemble introduced in “Pseudo-Wigner Matrices” by Soloveychik, Xiang and Tarokh and the second is its sample covariance-type analog defined in this work. Both ensembles are defined through the concept of r-independence by controlling the amount of randomness in the underlying matrices, and can be constructed from dual BCH codes. We show that when the measure of randomness r grows as Np, where p ∊ (0,1] and e > 0, the norm of the matrices is almost surely within o(log1 + eN/Nmin[ρ, 2/3]) distance from 1. Numerical simulations verifying the obtained results are provided.
Toward a better understanding of signaling networks in plants: yeast has the power!

In response to abiotic stresses, plants produce the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The ABA signaling pathway is highly complex and relies on a large number of gene copies encoding homologous signaling components, theoretically enabling numerous permutations. In this issue, Ruschhaupt et al (2019) used yeast as a reconstitution system to examine the functionality, plasticity, and efficiency of this complex and highly multiplexed core signaling pathway.
Mycobacterium avium sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) induces IL-17a production in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and enhances IL-23R expression in-vivo and in-vitro

Abstract Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Control of JD is difficult largely due to insensitive diagnostic tools, a long subclinical stage of infection, and lack of effective vaccines. Correlates of protection are lacking in model systems of JD and the sources of inflammation due to JD are not well characterized. Commonly studied immune responses, such as the Th1/Th2 paradigm, do not adequately explain host responses to MAP. A potential role for non-classical immune responses to MAP, such as that mediated by Th17 cells, has been suggested. Indeed, MAP antigens induce mRNAs encoding the cytokines IL-23 and IL-17a in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IL-23 and IL-17a production have both been associated with Th17-like immune responses. Th17 cells are also defined by surface expression of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R). To determine the relative prevalence of potential Th17 cells in PBMCs from MAP test positive and MAP test negative cows, PBMCs were isolated and analyzed by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Fresh PBMCs from MAP test positive cows (n = 12) contained a significantly higher proportion of IL-23R positive cells in populations of CD4+, CD8+, and Yδ + T cells than in cells from MAP test negative cows (n = 12; p
Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: Risk of unplanned pregnancy and drug exposure in utero.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is a central nervous system demyelinating disease that affects women of reproductive potential. It is important to identify the frequency and risk factors of unplanned ...
Pollen quality, pollen production and yield of some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes under high temperature stress in Eastern Mediterranean

Pollen quality, pollen production and yield of different high temperature tolerant tomato genotypes were evaluated under Adana, Turkey conditions in two different periods. The control treatment (normal sown, where day/night temperatures during the vegetative and generative stage are below 32/20 °C) of the first period started on February 20, 2015. The seedlings in the second period were planted on May 15, 2015. The performances of twenty-four tomato genotypes (resistant and sensitive commercial genotypes) were compared to determine high temperature resistant and sensitive tomato genotypes. Significant relationship was obtained between the yield and the number of pollens. The results of the experiment revealed that ‘Tom173’, ‘Tom119’ and ‘F15656’ genotypes were more resistant, while ‘Tom108’ and ‘Tom10’ genotypes were more sensitive compared to the other tomato genotypes tested in the experiment.
C-Reactive Protein Is the Most Useful Biomarker for Diagnosis of Outpatient CAP.

This review found that the best evidence supports C-reactive protein as the most useful and accurate biomarker for diagnosing CAP in adults presenting with lower respiratory tract symptoms.
RIPiT-Seq: A tandem immunoprecipitation approach to reveal global binding landscape of multisubunit ribonucleoproteins.

Abstract RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate all aspects of RNA metabolism. The ability to identify RNA targets bound by RBPs is critical for understanding RBP function. While powerful techniques are available to identify binding sites of individual RBPs at high resolution, it remains challenging to unravel binding sites of multicomponent ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) where multiple RBPs or proteins function cooperatively to bind to target RNAs. To fill this gap, we have previously developed RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem followed by high-throughput sequencing (RIPiT-seq) to characterize RNA targets of compositionally distinct RNP complexes by sequentially immunoprecipitating two proteins from the same RNP and sequencing the co-purifying RNA footprints. Here, we provide an updated and improved protocol for RIPiT-seq. In this protocol, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce affinity tag to endogenous protein of interest to capture a more representative state of an RNP complex. We present a modified protocol for library preparation for high-throughput sequencing so that it exclusively uses equipment and reagents available in a standard molecular biology lab. This updated custom library preparation protocol is compatible with commercial PCR multiplexing systems for Illumina sequencing platform for simultaneous and cost-effective analysis of large number of samples.
Phosphor-free III-nitride red micro-light emitting diodes for display applications

In this study, we report highly stable phosphor-free InGaN/AlGaN spontaneously formed core-shell nanowire red micro-light emitting diodes (μLEDs) with 30 × 30 μm2 mesa area directly grown on Si (111) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy.
Hyflex Simulation: A Case Study of a Creative Approach to Unprecedented Circumstances

Abstract This study evaluates student's perceived effectiveness of the Hyflex Simulation model to address student participation in team simulation experiences amidst a global pandemic. This model utilized Zoom teleconferencing to allow students who were quarantined to remotely participate with their peers. In an undergraduate nursing program within a University in the Midwest United States, 24 students completed Hyflex simulation. Teams of two to three students participated in simulation with one team member participating remotely via Zoom. Using a quasi-experimental study, data was collected on student perceptions of Hyflex simulation influences on critical thinking, clinical judgment, clinical skills, and communication. There was not a significant difference in student perception of critical thinking or clinical decision making in Hyflex simulation compared with traditional simulation. There was a significant difference in student perception of clinical skills and communication in Hyflex simulation versus traditional simulation. The results of this pilot study suggest that Hyflex simulation could be an effective tool to support gains in critical thinking and clinical judgment observed from the use of high-fidelity simulation.
Multiomic Analyses of Dopaminergic Neurons Isolated from Human Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Descriptive and Exploratory Study.

Dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) selectively and progressively degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Until now, molecular analyses of DA in PD have been limited to genomic or transcriptomic approaches, whereas, to the best of our knowledge, no proteomic or combined multiomic study examining the protein profile of these neurons is currently available. In this exploratory study, we used laser capture microdissection to extract regions from DA in 10 human SNpc obtained at autopsy in PD patients and control subjects. Extracted RNA and proteins were identified by RNA sequencing and nanoliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively, and the differential expression between PD and control group was assessed. Qualitative analyses confirmed that the microdissection protocol preserves the integrity of our samples and offers access to specific molecular pathways. This multiomic analysis highlighted differential expression of 52 genes and 33 proteins, including molecules of interest already known to be dysregulated in PD, such as LRP2, PNMT, CXCR4, MAOA and CBLN1 genes, or the Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 protein. On the other hand, despite the same samples were used for both analyses, correlation between RNA and protein expression was low, as exemplified by the CST3 gene encoding for the cystatin C protein. This is the first exploratory study analyzing both gene and protein expression of laser-dissected neuronal parts from SNpc in PD. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024748 and via GEO with identifier GSE 169755.
Perceptions of School Nurses in Addressing Student Mental Health Concerns: An Integrative Review.

Mental health disorders in school-aged children are on the rise. The need for mental health care is well recognized, and the provision of this care in schools is recommended. An integrative review ...
Female Homicide and Substance Use:: Is There a Connection?

This descriptive study compares two groups of women arrested for homicide in six urban areas in 1979 and 1983: those who had used alcohol or narcotics prior to the killing (study group) and those who had not used any substance (comparison group). The women and their victims were examined on a number of social characteristics, the circumstances of the homicide, and their criminal justice processing. Whether having used a substance prior to the homicide or not, women who killed were unemployed minority mothers who premeditated the event, killed alone, usually with a single wound caused by a gun, and claimed little responsibility for the crime.
Hydrometeorological Analysis of Tropical Storm Hermine and Central Texas Flash Flooding, September 2010

AbstractHeavy rainfall and flooding associated with Tropical Storm Hermine occurred on 7–8 September 2010 across central Texas, resulting in several flood-related fatalities and extensive property damage. The largest rainfall totals were received near Austin, Texas, and immediately north, with 24-h accumulations at several locations reaching a 500-yr recurrence interval. Among the most heavily impacted drainage basins was the Bull Creek watershed (58 km2) in Austin, where peak flows exceeded 500 m3 s−1. Storm cells were trained over the small watershed for approximately 6 h because of the combination of a quasi-stationary synoptic feature slowing the storm, orographic enhancement from the Balcones Escarpment, and moist air masses from the Gulf of Mexico sustaining the storm. Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations with and without the Balcones Escarpment terrain indicate that orographic enhancement affected rainfall. The basin received nearly 300 mm of precipitation, with maximum sustained inte...