cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gambling problems and comorbidity with alcohol use disorders in Chinese-, Korean-, and White-American college students

Background and Objectives This study examined gambling behaviors and the relationship between gambling problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among Chinese-, Korean-, and White-American college students. Methods Participants were 678 (179 Chinese, 194 Korean, and 305 White; 50% female) 21–26 year-old (M = 22.0 ± 1.36) students attending one university in California. The South Oaks Gambling Screen was administered to assess gambling behavior and the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism was administered to diagnose lifetime AUDs. Chi-squares and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to test our hypotheses. Results Rates of lifetime ever gambling and weekly gambling were similar across the three ethnic groups, but participation in five types of gambling behavior differed. Chinese had the highest rates of gambling problems followed by Koreans and then Whites. Univariate odds ratios determined being Chinese or Korean, being male, and having an AUD were risk factors for gambling problems. When stratified by gender and ethnicity, having an AUD was not related to gambling problems in women, but was strongly associated with gambling problems in Chinese and White men and modestly associated in Korean men. This was true despite low rates of AUDs in Chinese men. Discussion and Conclusions Gambling problems were strongly comorbid with AUDs in Chinese- and White-American men, and moderately comorbid in Korean-American men. No relationship of AUD with gambling problems was found in women. Scientific Significance The results highlight the importance of assessing disaggregated Asian-American subgroups with respect to addictive behaviors and their comorbidity. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1–8)
Abstract TP26: Enterprise ™ -assisted Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke (ERAIS): First FDA approved prospective trial

AIM: The ERAIS study was designed to test the safety of the Enterprise stent as the primary intraarterial device in cerebral revascularization. METHODS: Twenty patients with acute ischemic stroke within 8 hours of stroke symptom onset with contraindication to IV thrombolysis or with no clinical improvement 1 hour after administration of IV thrombolysis were prospectively enrolled between July 2010 and June 2012 after consultation with the local IRB and FDA. The Enterprise stent was deployed across the occlusion. Alternatively, the stent was used as a thrombectomy device based on operator preference. RESULTS: All patients had major intracranial vessel occlusion (TIMI 0), with an average preoperative NIHSS score of 15.5±1.3. The primary target vessels where the stents were deployed were the MCA in 15 patients, ICA in 2, basilar artery in 2 and tandem ICA-MCA in 1.The stent was deployed in 13 patients and used as a thrombectomy device and thus retrieved in 7 patients. Twenty-four stents were used in 20 patients. The time from start of procedure to TIMI 2/3 recanalization was 43±21 minutes. Recanalization to TIMI 2/3 flow was achieved in 18 (90%) of 20 patients. Three major complications were noted (15%), including 2 MIs and 1 ischemic stroke in a distribution other than the qualifying vessel. Eight minor complications were noted. Seven (35%) patients died within 30 days of revascularization. Ten patients (50%) improved to an mRS score of 0-2 within 30 days post-intervention. CONCLUSION: The Enterprise stent is equivalent in efficiency and has comparable acceptable adverse events when compared to previously published results with the Wingspan stent in the SARIS trial and confirms the high recanalization rate achieved with stent-assisted revascularization in selected patients. This is the first reported prospective FDA-approved trial with the Enterprise stent as the primary intraarterial stroke revascularization device.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE SPECTRUM OF Nb$sup 93$ IN FERRO-ELECTRIC KNbO$sub 3$

The nuclear electric quadrupole interaction of Nb/sup 93/ in ferroelectric KNbO/sub 3/ was measured as a function of temperature in the tetragonal, orthorhombic. and rhombohedral phases. The values of (1/ nu )(d nu / d UPSILON ) for these three phases are approximately -10/sup -3/, -lO/sup -3/, and -10/sup -4/ per degree cen tigrade, respectively. In the tetragonal phase at 220 deg C, e/sup 2/qQ/h was measured as 24 Mc/sec and the asymmetry parameter n is zero. An ionic calculation of field gradients in the tetragonal phase was made including point charge and induced dipole contributions. The results give the Sternheimer antishielding factor (l- gamma ,) as 15 in good agreement with its estimated value of +16. The temperature dependence of the electric field gradient at the Nb/sup 93/ site as calculated from the ionic model is in agreement with the measured temperature dependence in the tetragonal phase. (auth)
A holographic method for matching and measuring the refractive index of a photoelastic material

If a wedge-shaped sample of material is immersed in a tank of fluid and a coherent beam of light passed through it, the ensuing wavefront can be made to interfere with a holographically stored wavefront produced with the wedge removed. The interference is measured by the resulting fringes, which can be reduced by varying the fluid mix until the fluid matches the index of refraction of the material. The number of fringes can also be used to determine the difference between the indices of refraction of the fluid and material, and determine the material index from a known fluid index.
Effect of fetal or neonatal immunization on antibody response of the adult rat.

SummaryRats exposed to sheep erythro-cytes before or at time of birth exhibit an un-diminished capacity for hemolysin production in response to a subsequent challenge with the same antigen given 9 to 10 weeks later. A possible explanation to account for the disparity between these results and those obtained by other investigators is offered.
A Split-Bernstein/MCMC Approach to Probabilistically Constrained Optimization

A new computationally scalable approach for accurate solution of probabilistically constrained optimization is proposed in the current paper. The new approach is based on the Bernstein approximation which employs exponential moment generating functions to transcribe the probabilistic constraint into a deterministic constraint. It has been shown that the Bernstein approximation is conservative and hence its solution is suboptimal. To address the conservatism of the Bernstein approach, a new split-Bernstein approach is proposed using piecewise-defined exponential moment generating functions. Evaluation of the piecewise exponential moment generating functions involves high-dimensional integration which is readily handled using Markov chain Monte carlo integration (MCMC). The new split-Bernstein/MCMC approach significantly reduces conservatism in approximation and thereby improves optimality of the obtained solution. It is shown through numerical examples that the new split-Bernstein approach provides near-optimal results for probabilistically constrained optimization problems.
Carbon tri-interstitial defect: A model for the D II center

Using a combination of random configuration sampling, molecular dynamics simulated annealing with empirical potential, and ensuing structural refinement by first-principles density functional calculations, we perform an extensive ground-state search for the most stable configurations of small carbon interstitial clusters in SiC. Our search reveals a ``magic'' cluster number of three atoms, where the formation energy per interstitial shows a distinct minimum. A carbon tri-interstitial cluster with trigonal ${C}_{3v}$ symmetry is discovered, in which all carbon atoms are fourfold coordinated. In addition to its special thermodynamic stability, its localized vibrational modes are also in a very good agreement with the experimental photoluminescence spectra of the D${}_{\mathrm{II}}$ center in both 3C- and 4H-SiC. The D${}_{\mathrm{II}}$ center is one of the most persistent defects in SiC, and we propose that the discovered carbon tri-interstitial is responsible for this center.
Cotton Pests: Overwintering of Three Lepidopterous Species in Arizona

Individuals in the overwintering populations of Heliothis Zea (Buddie) and H. virescens (F.) apparently had varying intensities of diapause; fewer H. virescens than H. zea entered diapause in Arizona. No beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), were found in diapause. The multivariate triggers of diapause in the fall and of emergence in the spring seriously complicated the prediction of the date of emergence.
An autonomous satellite debris avoidance system

Since the launch of Sputnik in 1958, thousands of satellites have been launched by governments and commercial entities for a wide range of purposes. Once a satellite has completed its primary mission, most operators de-orbit or move the satellite into a graveyard orbit as to avoid collisions with active satellites. However, some spacecraft do not have any residual propellant. Other satellites suffer failures and become hazards themselves. Non-operational satellites in orbit have become an increasing collision risk for operational satellites and this problem will only become worse as the number of satellites launched every year increases. Although finding ways to clean up orbital debris is important, near term solutions is needed to mitigate the risk of debris colliding with an active satellite. Traditionally, debris avoidance is performed by operators on the ground who calculate debris conjunctions and analyze the risk of moving the satellite. This paper proposes an alternate solution where the process of analyzing and avoiding orbital debris can be done autonomously by the satellite without human intervention. This provides advantages such as reducing the number of operators needed to maintain a satellite or a large constipation of satellites thus reducing operating costs. With the increased amount of processing power on modern satellites, this system is possible with current technology. The system would first collect a database of two line element's (TLE) for each piece of orbital debris. The satellite will then perform a conjunction analysis against each piece of debris and the satellites predicted future position. The satellite will re-assess these probabilities at set increments as it gets closer to the conjunction, or when the debris database is updated. The satellite operator will be able to set the collision probability threshold. If this threshold is exceeded, the satellite will calculate the most efficient maneuver based off the required delta v, time to the conjunction and staying in its operational orbit. The system will also attempt to combine any required avoidance burns with a normal orbit maintenance burn to minimize fuel consumption. When an appropriate avoidance burn is being considered, the system will check for debris conjunctions in this new orbit. If there is no danger of a collision, the maneuver will be executed.
Agency, Financial Flexibility, and Firm Value: Evidence from REITs

We show empirically that the use of unsecured debt, whose standard covenants commit management to the preservation of debt capacity, leads to lower and more stable leverage. We then show that firm value is sensitive to leverage levels and leverage stability, decreasing in the former and increasing in the latter. Our results support a liquidity-centric version of Jensen's (1986) free cash flow argument. In this version, self-serving managerial tendencies are reigned in without raising leverage indiscriminately, so that financial flexibility is preserved.
Simultaneous determination of selenium and mercury in seafood by dual-channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Objective:To establish a quick method for the simultaneous determination of trace selenium(Se) and mercury(Hg) in seafood.Methods: Trace Se and Hg in seafood were determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry after microwave digestion.Results: The composition of digestion solution and operational conditions of AFS including negative high-voltage,flow rate of carrier gas and flow rate of shield gas were optimized.Under the optimal conditions,the limits of detection were 0.039 μg/kg and 0.010 μg/kg for Se and Hg,respectively.The linear ranges were between 0.5 μg/L~10.0 μg/L for Se,and 0.05 μg/L~1.0 μg/L for Hg,respectively.The method has been applied to the determination of trace Se and Hg in national standard reference materials and the results were in agreement with certified values.The recoveries were between 90.8%~104.8%,and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%.Conclusion: The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and suitable for the simultaneous determination of trace Se and Hg in seafood.
Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography

Objectives: Describe computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of canine lumbosacral paraspinal muscles, a method for measuring paraspinal muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry using CT, and application of this method in a small sample of working dogs with versus without lumbosacral pain. Methods: Published anatomy references and atlases were reviewed and discrepancies resolved by examination of anatomic specimens and multi-planar reformatted images to describe transverse CT anatomy of lumbosacral region paraspinal muscles. Sixteen Belgian malinois military working dogs were retrospectively recruited and assigned to lumbosacral pain positive versus negative groups based on medical record entries. A single observer unaware of dog group measured CT transverse areas of paraspinal muscles and adjacent vertebral bodies, in triplicate, for L5-S1 vertebral locations. A statistician compared muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry at each vertebral location between groups. Results: The relative co-efficient of variation for triplicate CT area measurements averaged 2.15% (N=16). Multifidus lumborum (L6-7), psoas/iliopsoas (L5-6, L6-7), and sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis (L6-7, L7-S1) transverse area ratios were significantly smaller in dogs with lumbosacral pain (n=11) vs. without lumbosacral pain (n=5) (p< 0.05). Muscle asymmetry values were not significantly greater in dogs with vs. without lumbosacral pain. Clinical relevance: Computed tomographic morphometry of lumbosacral region paraspinal muscles is a feasible objective method for use in future evidence-based research studies in working dogs. Potential future research applications include determining whether decreased paraspinal muscle area ratios and/or increased paraspinal muscle asymmetry could be used as markers for preclinical lumbosacral pain in stoic dogs or risk factors for other injuries in high performance canine athletes; or determining whether core muscle strengthening exercise prescriptions for dogs with lumbosacral pain have an effect on paraspinal muscle area ratios and asymmetry.
Academic Dysfunction After a Concussion Among US High School and College Students

Objectives. To determine whether concussed students experience greater academic dysfunction than students who sustain other injuries.Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study from September 2013 through January 2015 involving high school and college students who visited 3 emergency departments in the Rochester, New York, area. Using telephone surveys, we compared self-reported academic dysfunction between 70 students with concussions and a comparison group of 108 students with extremity injuries at 1 week and 1 month after injury.Results. At 1 week after injury, academic dysfunction scores were approximately 16 points higher (b = 16.20; 95% confidence interval = 6.39, 26.00) on a 174-point scale in the concussed group than in the extremity injury group. Although there were no differences overall at 1-month after injury, female students in the concussion group and those with a history of 2 or more prior concussions were more likely to report academic dysfunction.Conclusions. Our results showed acade...
The effect of erythritol on the growth of S19 and other attenuated strains of Brucella abortus.

SUMMARY The addition of erythritol to shake-cultures of the vaccine strain S 19 served to distinguish it from some other attenuated strains of Brucella abortus . In a defined medium seeded with 2 × 10 7 organisms/ml., the growth of S19 was inhibited by concentrations of erythritol greater than 1µ mole/ml. Slightly lower concentrations neither inhibited nor stimulated its growth. The growth of other CO 2 -independent attenuated strains—including an S 19 variant which had arisen during normal laboratory suhculturing—was moderately stimulated by erythritol in the range 2 to 10 µ mole/ml.
New Model for Mode Partition Noise in VCSEL-MMF Links Based on Langevin-Driven Spatio-Temporal Rate Equations

We develop a new model to describe the Mode Partition Noise (MPN) in VCSEL-Based Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) links starting from the well-known Langevin noise-driven laser rate equations. Using the spatio-temporal representation of the rate equations for the VCSEL transverse modes, we develop a comprehensive physical model for VCSEL noise properties using covariance (COV) matrix approach. Neglecting second-order effects, we then reduce the COV matrix elements to three VCSEL-specific parameters ${{\alpha }}$ , ${k_n}$ and ${{\Gamma} _{\boldsymbol p}}$ , which completely characterizes the VCSEL noise. We further illustrate that the VCSEL Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) influences the MPN penalty and thus cannot be treated independently. The model also describes the dependence of the VCSEL mode correlation properties on the relative time-delays which can be measured as fiber-enhanced RIN. Lastly, we verify experimentally the new model assumptions about the cross-correlation properties of the VCSEL modes through direct experimental measurements on 900 nm VCSELs of known RIN which shows that the cross-correlation coefficient ${{\boldsymbol{R}}_{{\rm{ij}}}}$ is different for different mode pairs with a positive ${{\boldsymbol{R}}_{{\rm{ij}}}}$ between 1 and 3 modes. This validates the new model predictions, while contradicting the O–A model assumptions when applied for VCSEL-based links.
SU-F-E-10: Student-Driven Exploration of Radiographic Material Properties, Phantom Construction, and Clinical Workflows Or: The Extraordinary Life of CANDY MAN

Purpose: To develop a hands-on learning experience that explores the radiological and structural properties of everyday items and applies this knowledge to design a simple phantom for radiotherapy exercises. Methods: Students were asked to compile a list of readily available materials thought to have radiation attenuation properties similar to tissues within the human torso. Participants scanned samples of suggested materials and regions of interest (ROIs) were used to characterize bulk attenuation properties. Properties of each material were assessed via comparison to a Gammex Tissue characterization phantom and used to construct a list of inexpensive near-tissue-equivalent materials. Critical discussions focusing on samples found to differ from student expectations were used to revise and narrow the comprehensive list. From their newly acquired knowledge, students designed and constructed a simple thoracic phantom for use in a simulated clinical workflow. Students were tasked with setting up the phantom and acquiring planning CT images for use in treatment planning and dose delivery. Results: Under engineer and physicist supervision, students were trained to use a CT simulator and acquired images for approximately 60 different foodstuffs, candies, and household items. Through peer discussion, students gained valuable insights and were made to review preconceptions about radiographic material properties. From a subset of imaged materials, a simple phantom was successfully designed and constructed to represent a human thorax. Students received hands-on experience with clinical treatment workflows by learning how to perform CT simulation, create a treatment plan for an embedded tumor, align the phantom for treatment, and deliver a treatment fraction. Conclusion: In this activity, students demonstrated their ability to reason through the radiographic material selection process, construct a simple phantom to specifications, and exercise their knowledge of clinical workflows. Furthermore, the enjoyable and inexpensive nature of this project proved to attract participant interest and drive creative exploration. Mahon and Riblett have nothing to disclose; Hugo has a research agreement with Phillips Medical systems, a license agreement with Varian Medical Systems, research grants from the National Institute of Health. Authors do not have any potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MICROEMULSION FLOODING: A REVIEW

Injection compositions for a variety of microemulsion and surfactant floods can be represented on equilibrium ternary diagrams with coordinates surfactant-cosolvent, brine, and oil. That portion of such a diagram having economic significance, divides into a single-phase region and a multiphase region. Within the single-phase region, micellar structure is studied in relation to effects of salinity and cosolvent on viscosity, optical birefringence and electrical resistivity. Within the multiphase region, effects on phase behavior, interfacial tension and solubilization parameter are determined as functions of salinity, brine composition, temperature, surfactant structure, cosolvent, and oil aromaticity. Correlations are found between interfacial tension and solubilization parameter that are useful in preliminary screening of surfactants for oil recovery potential. When, by any means, extent of the multi-phase region is reduced, a circumstance favorable to displacement in the miscible mode; a concomitant effect is that interfacial tensions are also reduced, favoring displacement in the immiscible mode.
Mechanism of Pressure Change

The problem of weather forecasting has been intimately related to the problem of the prediction of the pressure field and, therefore, to the mechanism of pressure change. For this reason meteorologists have sought an explanation of pressure change. However, despite the efforts of research workers during the past century it appears that there is not yet a completely satisfactory explanation of this phenomenon. In view of the uncertain state of knowledge it is the intention of the author to review briefly the more prominent theories of the pressure-change mechanism.
Contiguity and the causal theory of memory

In Memory: A Philosophical Study, Bernecker argues for an account of contiguity. This Contiguity View is meant to solve relearning and prompting, wayward causation problems plaguing the causal theory of memory. I argue that Bernecker’s Contiguity View fails in this task. Contiguity is too weak to prevent relearning and too strong to allow prompting. These failures illustrate a problem inherent in accounts of memory causation. Relearning and prompting are both causal relations, wayward only with respect to our interest in specifying remembering’s requirements. Solving them requires saying more about remembering, not causation. I conclude by sketching such an account.
Cyclin D3 Is Required for Peritoneal B-1a Lymphocyte Proliferation.

Abstract Cyclins D2 and D3 are coordinately induced in response to mitogenic stimulation of splenic B-2 lymphocytes. It is recognized that the cyclin D2:cdk4:pRb pathway plays an essential role in B-2 cell proliferation. By contrast, little is known about the function of cyclin D3 in B cells. Peritoneal CD5+ B-1 cells represent a distinct subset of B lymphocytes and exhibit several unique phenotypic and functional characteristics, which distinguish them from B-2 cells. B-1 cells are associated with several human disease states characterized by B-cell expansion. Notably, B-1 cells represent the normal counterpart for a subset of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the cells of which express CD5. In mice, monoclonal expansions of CD5+ B-1 cells, that resemble CLL, develop as a function of age. These associations with malignant diseases impel the necessity to understand cell cycle control in B-1 cells. In contrast to splenic B-2 cells, stimulation of ex vivo B-1 cells results in an early and transient induction of cyclin D2; however, cyclin D2 complexes account for a relatively minor amount of the total pRb phosphorylation. Evidence for a second cyclin functioning in this capacity is supported by the finding that stimulated cdk4/6-mediated phosphorylation of pRb increases dramatically in mid-to-late G1-phase coincident with the induction of cyclin D3. Thus, in contrast to B-2 cells, the non-overlapping expression of cyclins D2 and D3 points to distinct roles for these D-type cyclins in B-1 cells. We hypothesize that the timing and duration of cyclin D3 induction suggest a unique role in mediating the G1/S transition in B-1 cells. To investigate this possibility, we transduced TAT-p16 peptidyl mimetics into ex vivo B-1 cells immediately prior to cyclin D3 induction to specifically target and inactivate cyclin D3-cdk complexes. We report here that transduction of TAT-p16 mimetics selectively disrupted cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes, whereas cdk2-containing complexes remained intact. Transduction of wild-type TAT-p16 mimetics, but not mutant TAT-p16 mimetics blocked S-phase entry in response to several B-cell mitogens. In addition, we found that transduction of TAT-p16 peptidyl mimetics inhibited pRb phosphorylation by D-type cyclin-cdk4/6 holoenzymes in B-1 cells stimulated with PMA, LPS or CD40L. These results provide the first evidence of a subset-specific functional role for cyclin D3 in B cells and suggest that cyclin D3, in its capacity as a regulator of cdk4/6-mediated pRb phosphorylation, is required for B-1 cell proliferation.
Uncommon resemblance: Pragmatic affinity in political gesture

Abstract Research on manual gesture has been preoccupied with unconventionalized and conventionalized extremes. Homesigns developed spontaneously by deaf children unexposed to standardized sign languages have been used as a window onto more general socio-cognitive processes of semiotic systemization. Spontaneous, idiosyncratic gesticulation has been contrasted with shared, highly regimented “emblematic” or “quotable” gestures to reveal a cline of conventionalization. I direct attention here to the vast and relatively understudied middle ground in which manual gesture shows evidence of only partial conventionalization. Using a corpus of televised political debate data from a US presidential campaign cycle, I note, first, that there is nothing as coherent and systematized as a “register” of political gesture here. Focusing on gesture variation in precision-grip and index-finger-extended gestures of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, I identify form-functional “pragmatic affinities” among gestures that have not crystallized into stable types or classes. Dwelling on the specificities of gesture variation, with its mercurial forms and incomplete conventionalization, may allow us to appreciate the processual complexities of gestural enregisterment in social and historical life.
Outcome by Gender in the Veterans Health Administration Motivating Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere Weight Management Program.

Abstract Background: Few evaluations of the Veterans Health Administration Motivating Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!) weight management program have assessed 6-month weight change or factors associated with weight change by gender. Materials and Methods: Analysis of administrative data from a national sample of veterans in the VA MOVE! program. Results: A total of 62,882 participants were included, 14.6% were women. Compared with men, women were younger (49.6 years [standard deviation, SD, 10.8] vs. 59.3 years [SD, 9.8], p < 0.0001), less likely to be married (34.1% vs. 56.0%, p < 0.0001), and had higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (26.0% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.0001) and depression (49.3% vs. 32.9%, p < 0.001). The mean number of MOVE! visits attended by women was lower than men (5.6 [SD, 5.3] vs. 6.0 [SD, 5.9], p < 0.0001). Women, compared with men, reported lower rates of being able to rely on family or friends (35.7% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.0001). Observed mean percent change in weight for ...
Are Humor Styles of People With Dementia Linked to Greater Purpose in Life

Objectives Little is known about humor and purpose in life in people with dementia. Although having a sense of humor is typically associated with positive psychological outcomes, recent evidence suggests that outcomes may vary depending on whether the humor being used is adaptive versus maladaptive. The goal of this study was to determine whether humor styles are predictive of purpose in life in people with dementia. Methods Questionnaires were verbally administered to people with mild-to-moderate dementia to measure humor styles and purpose in life. Results Adaptive humor styles were associated with purpose in life whereas maladaptive humor styles were not. Discussion Having a sense of humor in dementia may be associated with a stronger sense of purpose in life, but it depends on the type of humor used. Results are discussed in the context of understanding the role of humor in the daily lives of people with dementia and implications for care.
Minimizing Disability from Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which can result in significant disability. Any organ system may be affected, and as a result, a wide variety of functional impairments may occur. Rehabiliation services can improve patient outcomes and quality of life, but an understanding of the underlying disease process is necessary. There have been few studies published recently regarding the management of functional impairments in GVHD patients. The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease is an ongoing project begun in 2005 and most recently updated in 2014; however, these data have not yet been used to assess the management of disability in this population. The treatment of functional impairments from GVHD remains largely annectdotal and based around experiences from similar diseases; however, rehabilitation interventions should still be considered for patients with significant disease burden.
Inclusion, exclusion or indifference? Redefining migrant and refugee host state engagement options in Mediterranean ‘transit’ countries

What determines policies toward migrants and refugees in the transit-turned-host countries? Compared to the vast literature examining migration to Europe and North America, we know relatively littl...
Investigating the Integration of Supercomputers and Data-Warehouse Appliances

Two decades of experience with massively parallel supercomputing has given insight into the problem domains where these architectures are cost effective. Likewise experience with database machines and more recently massively parallel database appliances has shown where these architectures are valuable. Combining both architectures to simultaneously solve problems has received much less attention. In this paper, we describe a motivating application for economic modeling that requires both HPC and database capabilities. Then we discuss hardware and software integration issues related to a direct integration of a Cray XT supercomputer and a Netezza database appliance.
The Booms and Busts of the Sovereign Rating Activity

In previous centuries, sovereigns often went bankrupt. For example, Spain defaulted three times during the Golden Century; it defaulted seven more times in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. France defaulted eight times between 1500 and 1800. In the nineteenth century, Austria-Hungary and Prussia defaulted five times. These defaults, which involved both colonial and continental powers, show how difficult it has been to assess sovereign creditworthiness (see Reinhart and Rogoff 2009; Suter and Stamm 1992; Winkler 1933; Wynne 1951 for an exhaustive view of sovereign defaults occurred before the twentieth century).
Coupling of effector molecules to solid supports

In view of the limited stability of the isourea bond, formed in ligand coupling to CNBractivated polysaccharides, an alternative to this current activation method has been developed. 2,4,6-Trifluoro-5-chloropyrimidine (FCP), known as a reactive group in reactive dyes, was used to activate Sepharose. Under appropriate conditions a thermally stable product with unimpaired beaded structure was obtained, which was reactive toward amines and mercaptans. Coupling with hexamethylenediamine, aniline, and ethanethiol, respectively, yielded an incorporation of 0.2-2.7, 0.9-1.7, and 1.1 mmol ligand/g dry agarose. The stability of immobilized ligands based on FCP-Sepharose between pH 4 and 8 was about 200 times higher as compared to products originating from CNBr-Sepharose; ligand leakage was only 0.5 x 10p-3%/h. The possibility of obtaining a high degree of substitution is a further advantage of the FCP activation. In addition, the FCP-activated Sepharose can be stored in the wet state at 4°C without substantial decrease in coupling capacity. The FCP analogs 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro- and 2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyrimidine, and other polymers (cellulose, Sephadex, aminomethylpolystyrene) appeared to be applicable also.
Gender disparities in managed care: it's time for action.

vidence that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and itsrisk factors are common in women has grownrapidly in recent decades. During the same period,numerous studies have demonstrated gender dispar-ities in the detection, prevention, care, and outcomesof CVD as well as in conditions that contribute toCVD, such as diabetes (Correa-de-Araujo & Clancy,2006; Mosca et al., 2005; Bird et al., 2003). Yet recog-nition of CVD prevalence and its risk factors amongwomen remains low and gender disparities remain“below the radar” for many key stakeholders. Conse-quently, gender disparities are not routinely assessedor acted upon. The set of four studies on genderdifferences in the quality of CVD and diabetes care inthis issue of
Common bile duct sphincter of Oddi stenting in patients with suspected sphincter dysfunction.

Objectives: Some patients seem to have symptoms or other findings that imply that they have sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, but when the sphincter pressure is measured, the basal resting pressure is not greater than 40 mm Hg. Because empiric sphincterotomy can alleviate some of these patients' symptoms, it is suspected that they have intermittent spasm or dysfunction. Prolonged stenting of the sphincter would prevent symptoms in patients with this intermittent disorder. Thus, one could determine which patients would benefit from a sphincterotomy without subjecting all the patients to the risk of sphincterotomy. Methods: Twenty-one patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were studied. All had basal sphincter of Oddi pressures <40 mm Hg. The gallbladder was in situ in three. The others had persistent abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. Benefit was defined as no symptoms for 2 months after stent placement, followed by continued lack of symptoms once a sphincterotomy was performed. Results: Nine patients benefited and 12 did not. One relapsed, but benefited from a repeat sphincterotomy. Eight patients (38%) met criteria for pancreatitis after stent placement. Two had severe pancreatitis with pseudocyst development. There were no sphincterotomy-related complications. Conclusions: The results suggest that patients without basal resting sphincter of Oddi pressure criteria may have intermittent spasm or dysfunction which can be deduced by achieving benefit after stenting, but the risk of pancreatitis from this technique as described is too high to recommend stenting as a routine method for detecting patients with intermittent sphincter dysfunction/spasm. Alternate methods need to be developed to identify these patients
Phosphopeptide mapping of DLC1 in ER+ breast cancer reveals AMOTL2, a key hippo pathway component, as an important target.

11592Background: Metastases suppressor genes are believed to control tumor progression and metastases. Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1) acts as a gatekeeper for tumor and metastasis suppression. Lo...
Developing a framework for collaborative educational change: A study of people, processes, and cultures

This Work-in-Progress Research paper presents a conceptual and methodological framework for the study of collaborative educational change efforts, based on principles and measurement tools from educational philosophy and organizational change. Our approach draws on Schein’s framework for cultural analysis, and utilizes measurement tools from several research domains to investigate the goals, values, beliefs, and identities of individuals engaged in educational change. Our preliminary findings suggest that there are significant perceived misalignments experienced by changemakers in relation to their institutions, and these differences impact their change efforts. Future work includes additional data collection and action-research projects to test various models of change.
Methane emissions from an Amazon floodplain lake: Enhanced release during episodic mixing and during falling water

Methane fluxes to the troposphere were measured inLake Calado, a dendritic floodplain lake located inthe central Amazon Basin. Methane concentrations inthe surface water of the lake were less than 0.5 µM during a period of high and rising water inApril and May, except when episodic, deep mixingoccurred and surficial concentrations reached as highas 4.8 µM. Diffusive fluxes ranged from ca.2–20 mg CH4 m−2d−1 (mean: 6.6 mg CH4 m−2d−1) normally, but increased up to 220 mg CH4 m−2d−1 during the passageof a rare cold front. During six weeks of risingwater, the volume-weighted methane content of the lakeincreased during periods of stable thermalstratification (accumulation rates ranging from16–1411 mg CH4 m−2d−1) and decreasedduring episodes of partial mixing (rates of decreaseranging from 63–1792 mg CH4 m−2d−1). Surface water methane concentrations during low andfalling water in September varied by more than anorder of magnitude (range, 0.3–9 µM), anddiffusive fluxes ranged from 3–158 mg CH4m−2d−1 (mean, 54 mg CH4 m−2d−1). During falling water in September, total methane flux from the lake to the troposphere measured with a floating chamber rangedfrom 53–328 mg CH4 m−2d−1 (mean, 163 mgCH4 m−2d−1). Ebullitive flux averaged 69% of total flux. Total methane flux was highest when thermal stratification was lost due to decreasing lake depth.
Dye-sensitized photocathodes for oxygen reduction: efficient H 2 O 2 production and aprotic redox reactions

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) can be used to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile energy carrier and can be produced by reduction of O2 on a dye-sensitized photocathode, in which the design of dye molecules is crucial for the conversion efficiency and electrode stability. Herein, using a hydrophobic donor-double-acceptor dye (denoted as BH4) sensitized NiO photocathode, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be produced efficiently by reducing O2 with current density up to 600 μA cm-2 under 1 sun conditions (Xe lamp as sunlight simulator, λ > 400 nm). The DSPECs maintain currents greater than 200 μA cm-2 at low overpotential (0.42 V vs. RHE) for 18 h with no decrease in the rate of H2O2 production in aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the BH4 sensitized NiO photocathode was for the first time applied in an aprotic electrolyte for oxygen reduction. In the absence of a proton source, the one-electron reduction of O2 generates stable, nucleophilic superoxide radicals that can then be synthetically utilized in the attack of an available electrophile, such as benzoyl chloride. The corresponding photocurrent generated by this photoelectrosynthesis is up to 1.8 mA cm-2. Transient absorption spectroscopy also proves that there is an effective electron transfer from reduced BH4 to O2 with a rate constant of 1.8 × 106 s-1. This work exhibits superior photocurrent in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems and reveals the oxygen/superoxide redox mediator mechanism in the aprotic chemical synthesis.
The Metric Matters: The Art of Measuring Trust in Electronics

Electronic hardware trust is an emerging concern for all stakeholders in the semiconductor industry. Trust issues in electronic hardware span all stages of its life cycle - from creation of intellectual property (IP) blocks to manufacturing, test and deployment of hardware components and all abstraction levels - from chips to printed circuit boards (PCBs) to systems. The trust issues originate from a horizontal business model that promotes reliance of third-party untrusted facilities, tools, and IPs in the hardware life cycle. Today, designers are tasked with verifying the integrity of third-party IPs before incorporating them into system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Existing trust metric frameworks have limited applicability since they are not comprehensive. They capture only a subset of vulnerabilities such as potential vulnerabilities introduced through design mistakes and CAD tools, or quantify features in a design that target a particular Trojan model. Therefore, current practice uses ad-hoc security analysis of IP cores. In this paper, we propose a vector-based comprehensive coverage metric that quantifies the overall trust of an IP considering both vulnerabilities and direct malicious modifications. We use a variable weighted sum of a design's functional coverage, structural coverage, and asset coverage to assess an IP's integrity. Designers can also effectively use our trust metric to compare the relative trustworthiness of functionally equivalent third-party IPs. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed metric, we utilize our trust metric on Trojan-free and Trojan-inserted variants of an IP. Our results demonstrate that we are able to successfully distinguish between trusted and untrusted IPs.
Cholangiolar pattern and albumin in situ hybridisation enable a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Aims The histological distinction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from metastatic adenocarcinoma remains a challenge. The primary goal was to evaluate the diagnostic value of morphology and albumin expression in the diagnosis of ICC. Methods We evaluated morphological patterns in 120 ICCs and 677 non-hepatic adenocarcinomas and performed in situ hybridisation (ISH) stain for albumin in the former cohort (retrospective cohort). We also identified 119 samples from primary and metastatic lesions, the validation cohort, in which albumin ISH was performed as part of the diagnostic workup. Targeted sequencing was performed on selected cases. We also mined existing expression profiling data including cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (41 760 unique samples). Results In the retrospective cohort, 45% of ICCs and Conclusions The cholangiolar pattern and albumin RNA ISH distinguishes ICC from metastatic adenocarcinoma with high specificity. Given the high prevalence of targetable mutations in ICC, albumin RNA ISH is an essential component in the workup of tumours of uncertain origin. A specific diagnosis of ICC could trigger molecular testing and uncover targetable genetic alterations.
Dissecting the Roles of Kalirin-7/PSD-95/GluN2B Interactions in Different Forms of Synaptic Plasticity

Abstract Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is a Rac1/RhoG GEF and multidomain scaffold localized to the postsynaptic density which plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Behavioral and physiological phenotypes observed in the Kal7 knockout mouse are quite specific: genetics of breeding, growth, strength and coordination are normal; Kal7 knockout animals self-administer cocaine far more than normal mice, show exaggerated locomotor responses to cocaine, but lack changes in dendritic spine morphology seen in wildtype mice; Kal7 knockout mice have depressed surface expression of GluN2B receptor subunits and exhibit marked suppression of long-term potentiation and depression in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord; and Kal7 knockout mice have dramatically blunted perception of pain. To address the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms which are deranged by loss of Kal7, we administered intracellular blocking peptides to acutely change Kal7 function at the synapse, to determine if plasticity deficits in Kal7-/-mice are the product of developmental processes since conception, or could be detected on a much shorter time scale. We found that specific disruption of the interactions of Kal7 with PSD-95 or GluN2B resulted in significant suppression of long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Biochemical approaches indicated that Kal7 interacted with PSD-95 at multiple sites within Kal7. Graphical Table of Contents The postsynaptic density is an integral player in receiving, interpreting and storing signals transmitted by presynaptic terminals. The correct molecular composition is crucial for successful expression of synaptic plasticity. Key components of the postsynaptic density include ligand-gated ion channels, structural and binding proteins, and multidomain scaffolding plus enzymatic proteins. These studies address whether the multiple components of the synaptic density bind together in a static or slowly adapting molecular complex, or whether critical interactions are fluid on a minute-to-minute basis.
MSS_18 is Digitally 18-contractible

The paper [10] incorrectly asserts that the digital image MSS_18, a digital model of the Euclidean 2-sphere S^2, is not 18-contractible. We show this assertion is false.
Genetics of Acquired Cytokine Storm Syndromes

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) has historically been defined as a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) occurring in the setting of triggers leading to strong immunological activation, without any known genetic predilection. However, recent studies have suggested that existing underlying genetic factors may synergize with particular diseases and/or environmental triggers (including infection, autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorder, or malignant transformation), leading to sHLH. With the recent advances in genetic testing technology, more patients are examined for genetic variations in primary HLH (pHLH) associated genes, including through whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing. This expanding genetic and genomic evidence has revealed HLH as a more complex phenomenon, resulting from specific immune challenges in patients with a susceptible genetic background. Rather than a simple, binary definition of pHLH and sHLH, HLH represents a spectrum of diseases, from a severe complication of common infections (EBV, influenza) to early onset familial diseases that can only be cured by transplantation.