cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical-chemical study of daunomycin-tubulin interactions.

Abstract The interaction of daunomycin with calf brain tubulin has been examined by spectroscopic and sedimentation techniques. Spectrofluorometric studies have resulted in an association constant of 3.6 × 10 3 m −1 at 20 °C and a binding stoichiometry of two daunomycin molecules per tubulin 110,000 molecular weight dimer. The association reaction has a negative enthalpy change which, in accord with the results of the differential spectroscopic studies, suggests that daunomycin binds to tubulin through H bonding and/or electrostatic interactions. Sedimentation velocity studies, using an analytical ultracentrifuge equipped with an optical scanner, have shown that daunomycin binds to both the 5.8 S tubulin dimer and the 42 S double-ring structures. At concentrations above 2.5 × 10 −5 m , daunomycin perturbs the magnesium ion-induced tubulin polymerization toward the dissociation of the polymers and inhibits in vitro microtubule assembly.
Speckle photography of lateral sinusoidal vibrations: error due to varying halo intensity.

The effect of varying halo intensity in speckle photography of lateral sinusoidal vibration using Young’s fringes is discussed. An interesting new result is found that, for nonunity contrast or visibility, the relative fringe shift (or the error) for minima is always minimum for the lower-order fringes. Also the error in the fringe maxima position is lowest generally at intermediate fringe orders. However, as the visibility reduces the trend becomes similar to that for the case of minima. For maxima and minima both, the error is less for larger amplitude vibrations and higher visibility.
Ionic Liquids as Extraction Solvents: Where do We Stand?

Abstract The unique physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and the relative ease with which these properties can be fine‐tuned by altering the cationic or anionic moieties comprising the IL have led to intense interest in their use as alternatives to conventional organic solvents in a wide range of synthetic, catalytic, and electrochemical applications. Recent work by a number of investigators has been directed at the application of ionic liquids in various separation processes, among them the liquid‐liquid extraction of metal ions. Although certain IL‐extractant combinations have been shown to yield metal ion extraction efficiencies far greater than those obtained with molecular organic solvents, other work suggests that the utility of ILs may be limited by solubilization losses and difficulty in recovering extracted metal ions. In this report, recent efforts to overcome these limitations are described, and progress both in achieving an improved understanding of the fundamental aspects of meta...
Lethal effects of 32P decay on transfecting activity of Bacillus subtilis phage φe DNA

Abstract Disintegration of 32P present in the DNA of Bacillus subtilis phage φe (a phage containing double-strand DNA) results in the loss of viability of intact phage as well as transfecting activity of isolated DNA. Only 1 12 of the 32P disintegrations per phage DNA equivalent inactivates the intact phage while nearly every disintegration inactivates the transfecting DNA. This result provides evidence for a single-strand intermediate in the transfection of B. subtilis by φe DNA.
Morphology and fine structure of the gravid uterus of three hymenolepidid tapeworm species (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda)

Summary The ultrastructure of the uterus in gravid proglottids of Hymenolepis citelli, Vampirolepis nana and Vampirolepis microstoma was examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cellular and subcellular structures were similar in all three species, consisting basically of a syncytial layer attached to a basal extracellular matrix. All nuclei were juxtaluminal and each contained a single large centrally located nucleolus and prominent masses of central and peripheral heterochromatin. The cytoplasm showed evidence suggesting a high level of protein synthesis and secretion. It consisted primarily of granular endoplasmic reticulum with moderately dilated cisternae; most cisternae were completely filled with an electron-lucent flocculent material, but others contained electrondense granules. Free ribosomes and mitochondria were also present. The apical plasma membrane and a small amount of enclosed cytoplasm were folded into long microlamellae that extended into the uterine lumen. Larg...
EXPERIENCE OF LOSS AND SUBSEQUENT SUICIDE

In a sample of 24 famous suicides, early loss was found in six, typically from death of the father during latency.
A synthesis of fluency interventions for secondary struggling readers

Previous research studies examining the effects of fluency interventions on the fluency and comprehension outcomes for secondary struggling readers are synthesized. An extensive search of the professional literature between 1980 and 2005 yielded a total of 19 intervention studies that provided fluency interventions to secondary struggling readers and measured comprehension and/or fluency outcomes. Findings revealed fluency outcomes were consistently improved following interventions that included listening passage previewing such as listening to an audiotape or adult model of good reading before attempting to read a passage. In addition, there is preliminary evidence that there may be no differential effects between repeated reading interventions and the same amount of non-repetitive reading with older struggling readers for increasing reading speed, word recognition, and comprehension.
An algorithm for calculation of the Jordan canonical form of a matrix

Jordan canonical forms are used extensively in the literature on control systems. However, very few methods are available to compute them numerically. Most numerical methods compute a set of basis vectors in terms of which the given matrix is diagonalized when such a change of basis is possible. Here, a simple and efficient method is suggested for computing the Jordan canonical form and the corresponding transformation matrix. The method is based on the definition of a generalized eigenvector, and a natural extension of Gauss elimination techniques.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from one-dimensionally rough surfaces containing surface resonant structures

The elastic scattering of electromagnetic waves from a rough surface containing resonant structures is studied as a function of the frequency of the incident light. A diagrammatic perturbation theory treatment is used. The surface consists of a planar vacuum-metal or vacuum-dielectric interface upon which an array of identical cylindrical dielectric ridges are randomly placed. The axes of the ridges are parallel to one another so that the translational symmetry of the surface is maintained along one axis in the surface, and the scattering of p-polarized radiation within a scattering plane perpendicular to the axes of the ridges is treated. The ridges are composed of a medium which undergoes a dielectric resonance as a function of frequency. The frequencies of the surface shape resonance modes bound to the dielectric ridges are computed for a surface supporting a single dielectric ridge. For the surface supporting a random array of dielectric ridges the specular scattering and diffuse scattering are computed for frequencies in the neighborhood of the dielectric resonance of the dielectric material forming the Gaussian ridges.
Non-progressive congenital ataxias

Congenital ataxias (CA) are rare, predominantly non-progressive syndromes characterized by marked hypotonia, developmental delay followed by the appearance of ataxia. Most children show marked speech and cognitive developmental problems. Non- progressive CA (NPCA) can be divided into pure CA without additional symptoms and syndromes with CA. Pure CA can be due to cerebellar malformations as (hereditary or non-hereditary) cerebellar hypoplasia, Dandy Walker syndrome, or occasionally supratentorial abnormalities. Ataxic syndromes are less frequent, but more distinctive. There are syndromes (e.g. Joubert syndrome) where ataxia is a cardinal feature and others where ataxia is only an occasional symptom. Acquired ataxias, due to congenital cytomegalovirus infection or perinatal problems, form a small third group. In about half of all cases with NPCA, aetiology and inheritance are still unknown. Diagnosis of NPCA is made by a typical history and careful clinical examination. Diagnosis of a more distinctive ataxic syndrome may be possible on clinical grounds. Neuroimaging with special attention to the posterior fossa will aid accurate clinical classification. Early progressive ataxias require careful differentiation from other types.
Preparation and some properties of homogeneous Neurospora crassa assimilatory NADPH-nitrite reductase.

Abstract The Neurospora crassa assimilatory NADPH-nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H: nitrite oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.4), which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent formation of ammonia from nitrite, has been purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of the purified enzyme is 26.9 μmol nitrite reduced/min per mg protein, which corresponds to a turnover number of 7800 min−1. The enzyme also has associated NADH-nitrate reductase, NADPH-hydroxylamine reductase activities. The stoichiometry of 3 mol NADPH oxidized per mol nitrite reduced and ammonia formed has been confirmed. The visible absorption spectrum of the nitrite reductase reveals maxima at 280, 390 (Soret) and 580 (α) nm. The latter bands are indicative of the occurrence of siroheme as a prosthetic group. The A280nm/A390nm ratio of 7.0 and the Soretα ratio of 3.8 are compatible with values reported for other purified siroheme-containing enzymes. These results are discussed in terms of the comparative biochemistry of various enzymes involved in nitrite, hydroxylamine and sulfite metabolism in Neurospora crassa and other organisms.
The battle of many names, or no remorse

This three-act historical ethnodrama rereads the discourse surrounding Custer's Last Stand, arguably the most written-about military event in American history. It compares and contrasts First Nation oral history accounts, official military records, and select painterly representations of the “Battle of Little Bighorn.” It asks if there was a real “last stand” or only a flawed grand narrative (see Denzin 2011).
Passive Fingerprinting of Network Reconnaissance Tools

Detecting reconnaissance provides a key warning of an adversary's impending attack or intelligence-gathering effort against a network. Yet many current network defense tools provide little capability to detect network reconnaissance.
Field of view advantage of conjugate compared to pupil adaptive optics

We provide theoretical and experimental comparison of conjugate versus pupil adaptive optics for the case of a single aberrating screen. Conjugate AO is found to provide a significant FOV advantage.
Potential role of the autonomic nervous system in the immunosuppressive effects of acute morphine administration

These studies investigated the role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the immunosuppressive effect of morphine on blood lymphocyte proliferation in rats. To determine the contribution of the autonomic nervous system, rats were pretreated with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg) prior to morphine (7 mg/kg) administration. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine completely antagonized the inhibitory actions of morphine, suggesting that intact ganglionic transmission was required for the inhibition to occur. Blockade of postganglionic parasympathetic neurotransmission with atropine methylbromide (1 mg/kg) or blockade of sympathetic neurotransmission with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 mg/kg) did not attenuate the suppressive effect of morphine. Blockade of beta-adrenoceptors with propranolol (2.5 mg/kg) resulted in partial antagonism, but this action was not shared by the peripherally acting beta-adrenoceptor antagonist nadolol (6 mg/kg). These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of morphine on blood lymphocyte proliferation may be mediated through activation of the autonomic nervous system; however, individual blockade of either the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system was not sufficient to antagonize this immunosuppressive effect.
Callosal effects and excitability changes in the human epileptic cortex

Abstract 1. 1. Twenty eight subdural electrodes were chronically implanted over the two frontal lobes of a patient presenting a seizure problem (cortical lesion? centrencephalic epilepsy?). The various effects elicitable by electrical stimulation through these different electrodes were analyzed. 2. 2. Depending upon parameters and/or site of stimulation the following responses were obtained: ( a ) local potentials, ( b ) distant potentials, ( c ) contralateral homologous (“callosal”) responses, ( d ) diffuse responses, ( e ) activation of epileptiform discharges. 3. 3. Callosal responses were commonly observed. Excitability changes were found to be rather similar when determined with twin pulse stimulation and when the test response was conditioned by a spontaneous epileptiform discharge. 4. 4. Electrically evoked potentials, including callosal responses, could “trigger” isolated epileptiform discharges as well as bilateral diffuse bursts of 3/sec wave-and-spike complexes. Responses elicited by stimuli applied close to (even before the occurrence of) spontaneous epileptiform discharges would tend to be enhanced. 5. 5. Activation of clearly epileptiform potentials was exclusively obtained with stimuli applied to the left hemisphere and most often in proximity to the fronto-parasagittal region. 6. 6. The various findings are discussed also in relation to the specific differential diagnostic problem presented by the case.
Reductive dissolution of goethite and hematite by reduced flavins

Abstract The abiotic reductive dissolution of goethite and hematite by the reduced forms of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) and riboflavin (RBFH2), electron shuttles secreted by the dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Shewanella, was investigated under stringent anaerobic conditions. At pH 7.0, the reductive dissolution rates of goethite were 3.5 μmoles m−2 h−1 by 50 μM FMNH2 and 0.27 μmoles m−2 h−1 by 50 μM RBFH2; the reductive dissolution rates of hematite were 29 μmoles m−2 h−1 by 50 μM FMNH2 and 151 μmoles m−2 h−1 by 50 μM RBFH2. The extent of reaction was limited by the thermodynamic driving force at circumneutral pH. Both the initial reaction rate and reaction extent increased with decreasing pH. On a unit surface area basis, goethite was less reactive than hematite between pH 4.0 and 7.0. AH2DS, the reduced form of the well-studied synthetic electron shuttle anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, yielded higher rates than FMNH2 under most reaction conditions. Two additional model compounds, methyl viologen and benzyl viologen, were investigated under similar reaction conditions to explore the relationship between reaction rate and thermodynamic properties. Relevant kinetic data from the literature were also included in the analysis to span a large range in half-cell potentials. Other conditions being equal, the surface area normalized initial reaction rate (ra) increased as the redox potential of the reductant became more negative. A non-linear relationship was observed between log ra and the redox potential for eight reductants at pH 7.0. When pH and reductant concentration were fixed, log ra was positively correlated to the redox potential of four Fe(III) oxides over a wide pH range, following a non-linear relationship as well.
Exercising for mood regulation: The importance of experience.

Abstract Based on the theory that mood regulation can be an important motivation for regular exercise, but only after the subtle mood effects derived from this activity are discovered, exercisers (N = 168) with varying levels of exercise experience completed the Reasons for Exercise Inventory (REI; Silberstein, Striegel-Moore, Timko & Rodin, 1988), as well as Neuroticism and Extra version measures (Costa & McCrae, 1989). A reexamination of the REI yielded a 5-factor instead of the original 7-factor structure. As expected, advanced exercisers rated the importance of Mood Improvement higher than beginners. Advanced exercisers also rated Socialization higher. Those above the median on Neuroticism rated Mood Improvement higher than lower scorers. Gender and age differences were also found. Results have implications for more effective exercise promotion.
Demonstrating Human-Robot Coordination through Dynamic Regulation

Several key aspects of coordination such as teamwork, roles, and communication, are enabled and driven by, and even largely defined by, various systems of regulation. One key feature of all these elements in human coordination is their dynamic nature. We have developed a framework to provide a dynamic regulatory system for supporting coordination in human-robot teamwork. This framework supports the definition and functions of roles within teams, as well as the creation of subteams and the roles within them. It also serves to regulate communications in support of coordination. We have demonstrated our system with a team of two humans and five robots performing advanced coordination while trying to apprehend an intruder hiding on a cluttered pier. This work lays the foundation for human-robot coordination based on dynamic regulation.
Design and construction of a reverberation chamber for high‐intensity acoustic testing

A high-intensity acoustic test facility was constructed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the Mariner Mars 1971 project. For ease of construction, the reverberation chamber itself is rectangular, which resulted in very little sacrifice in acoustic performance. Levels as high as 156 dB can be achieved with the chamber empty and test levels of 150 dB have been used with a Mariner Mars spacecraft model (full size) in the chamber. Levels as high as this must be generated using electropneumatic transducers, which modulate gaseous nitrogen to this facility.
The Effects of Play Tutoring on Young Children’s Cognitive Performance

AbstractSeventeen preschoolers were divided into a play tutoring group and a skills tutoring group. Subjects in the first group received nine 20-minute sessions in which an adult attempted to enhance their make-believe play. The other group received an equal number of skills tutoring sessions. Both groups received a comparable amount of adult contact. The subjects were assessed on measures of play quality, verbal intelligence, and creativity , on three occasions: prior to training, immediately after training, and three months later. Results showed that the play tutoring and skills tutoring treatments both resulted in stable gains in verbal intelligence and ideational fluency. Neither treatment resulted in significant increases in play quality. It was concluded that the play tutoring gains were caused by adult contact rather than by enhanced levels of play.
The effects of external conditions on the internal structure of carbon aerogels

Carbon aerogels with various particle (grain) sizes, mass densities and heat-treatment temperature were studied. Effects of these externally controllable parameters on the internal structure and properties of the carbon aerogel material were examined using techniques such as room-temperature Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and temperature-dependent dark- and photo-conductivities. The results show that the in-plane microcrystallite size increases with heat-treatment temperature, the electrical conductivity increases with mass density, and the particle size affects the unpaired spin disorder present. The transport mechanism common to all the samples is attributed to a variable-range hopping about a Coulomb gap.
Designing engaging camera based mobile games for implicit heart rate monitoring

Heart rate monitoring is widely used in clinical care, fitness training, and stress management. However, tracking individuals' heart rate faces two major challenges, namely equipment availability and user motivation. In this paper, we present a novel technique, LivePulse Games (LPG), to measure users' heart rate in real time by having them play casual games on unmodified mobile phones. With LPG, heart rate is calculated by detecting changes in transparency of users' fingertips via a mobile device's built-in camera. More importantly, LPG integrate users' camera lens covering actions as an essential control mechanism for game play, and detect heart rate implicitly from intermittent lens covering actions. We explore the design space and trade-offs of LPG through three rounds of interactive design and report the preliminary results from a 12-subject user study.
Origins of intrusions in children's dietary recalls: data from a validation study concerning retention interval and information from school food-service production records.

Objective—Use data from a published validation study concerning retention interval and school foodservice production records to examine intrusions (uneaten items reported eaten) in the schoolmeal parts of 24-hour recalls. Design—For that study, children were observed eating two school meals (breakfast, lunch) and interviewed under one of six conditions from two target periods (previous day [PDTP], prior 24 hours [24TP]) crossed with three interview times (morning, afternoon [AIT], evening). For this article, a catalog was constructed of foods available for that study’s school meals. That study’s intrusions were classified as stretches (on children’s meal trays but uneaten), internal confabulations (in children’s school foodservice environments for that meal but not on children’s trays), or external confabulations (not in children’s school foodservice environments for that meal). Occurrence, types, and amounts of intrusions were investigated. Setting/subjects—Six schools; 60 fourth-grade children (10/condition). Results—For breakfast, for the 24TP versus PDTP, reported items were less likely to be intrusions, internal confabulations, and external confabulations; and intrusions were more likely to be stretches. For lunch, for the 24TP-AIT condition versus the other five conditions, reported items were less likely to be intrusions and external confabulations. Mean amounts reported eaten were smaller for stretches than internal confabulations or external confabulations at breakfast, and for stretches than internal confabulations at lunch. Conclusions—Accuracy was better for the 24TP (with fewer intrusions of which proportionally more were stretches which had smaller amounts reported eaten) than PDTP. Studies with 24-hour recalls should minimize retention interval to improve accuracy.
Elemental abundances for Nova LMC 1990#1

We present our analysis of the UV spectra of the fast ONeMg Nova LMC 1990#1. Observations with the IUE began on 1990 January 18 and continued through to 1990 March 15. We have analysed these spectra, and determined line fluxes and physical parameters as a function of time. Using both He ii lines and the Balmer decrement, we find the reddening for the nova to be E(B−V)≃0.22. Using the photoionization code cloudy 90.03b and the minimization routine minuit, we derive elemental abundances for the ejecta. We find the following abundances, relative to solar material: He=1, C=8, N=109, O=20, Ne=62, Mg=16, Al=257 and Si=41. These results are based on independent fits to different data sets acquired three weeks apart. These abundances are extremely similar to those found for V693 Corona Austrinae 1981. Given the position of V693 CrA in the Galaxy and the range of distances found for it, the similar abundances imply that the V693 CrA outburst took place on an older population white dwarf. The high N/O ratio implies an outburst on a massive white dwarf.
Aerosol dynamic processes of soot aggregates in a laminar ethene diffusion flame

Abstract Laser scattering/extinction tests on a coannular ethene diffusion flame were analyzed using cross sections for polydisperse aggregates. Using an improved experimental arrangement that allowed simultaneous measurement of light scattering at multiple angles, it was possible to determine the fractal dimension of the aggregates in the flame. The analysis also yields the mean-square radius of gyration, the aggregate number concentration, the average number of primary particles per aggregate, as well as the volume average of the volume-mean diameter as a function of height or residence time along the particle path of maximum soot concentration in this flame. These results lead to the conclusion that soot aerosol dynamic processes in the laminar ethene flame are partitioned into four regions. Low in the diffusion flame there is a region of particle inception that establishes the number of primary particles per unit volume that remains constant along a prescribed soot pathline. In the second region, there is sustained particle growth through the combined action of cluster-cluster aggregation (CCA) accompanied by heterogeneous reactions contributing to monomer-cluster growth. Oxidation processes occur in the third region where CCA continues. If aggregate burnout is not complete in the oxidation region, then smoke is released to the surrounding in the fourth region where reactions cease but clusters continue to grow by CCA. The experiments yield the CCA growth rate within the flame which compares favorably with the theoretical value. The similarities and differences between this data reduction and the traditional analysis based on the use of cross sections for Rayleigh spheres and Mie theory spheres is discussed.
Splitting of platinum crystallites supported on thin, nonporous alumina films

Abstract Direct observation in the transmission electron microscope of the behavior of metal crystallites supported on thin films of alumina is reported. Nonporous substrates of alumina have been prepared by anodizing thin aluminum foils in tartaric acid solutions. A sputtering technique was used to deposit platinum crystallites on the anodized aluminum foil. The remaining aluminum was dissolved by amalgamation. The specimens annealed in air at 600 °C showed strong sintering of the crystallites. Reheating these specimens at 500 °C in air lead, because of splitting, to a large decrease in the average size of the crystallites.
Synthesis and Pharmacology of Some Azomethines

Three azomethines were prepared and evaluated for estrogenic activity according to the Allen-Doisy method. They demonstrated weak estrus exciting properties.
Restoration of torque in defective flagellar motors

Paralyzed motors of motA and motB point and deletion mutants of Escherichia coli were repaired by synthesis of wild-type protein. As found earlier with a point mutant of motB, torque was restored in a series of equally spaced steps. The size of the steps was the same for both MotA and MotB. Motors with one torque generator spent more time spinning counterclockwise than did motors with two or more generators. In deletion mutants, stepwise decreases in torque, rare in point mutants, were common. Several cells stopped accelerating after eight steps, suggesting that the maximum complement of torque generators is eight. Each generator appears to contain both MotA and MotB.
MRI measurement of cell volume fraction in the perfused rat hippocampal slice.

T-1-weighted NMR imaging of the isolated perfused rat hippocampal slice was used to estimate cell Volume fraction. Eight brain slices were studied in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) using a 600 MHz narrow bore spectrometer and a home built perfusion chamber. Cell volume fraction was calculated as 1 - f(ECS), where f(ECS) is the distribution volume of gadodiamide in the slice. This was determined by measuring the T-1 of the slice before and after perfusion with gadodiamde. A mean cell volume fraction of 0.66 +/- 0.04 was estimated. The addition of 60 mM mannitol to three of the brain slices produced a 26% decrease in the cell volume fraction. The technique affords a simple means of estimating cell volume fraction and can be extended to produce images reflecting cell density. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Pre and post analytical errors

Laboratory data illustrative of preanalytical errors such as the effect of improper storage of sample, the type and concentration of anticoagulant used for specimen collection, the lability of an improperly preserved sample, and the effect of infusion are presented. Strategies to detect preanalytical errors by delta checks are illustrated. Physiological variables such as the effect of age, sex, diet, smoking, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and specimen collection variables such as posture, duration of tourniquet application, diurnal effects and exercise introducing preanalytical error are discussed. The types of post analytical errors ranging from improper entry of data to errors in strategies used for the interpretation of laboratory data are also highlighted.
Perceptual short-term memory in children, retardates and adults ☆

Five groups, including normals of age 8, 10, 12 and 20 years, and adult retardates with MAs of 10 years, made delayed brightness comparisons over intervals ranging up to 14 seconds. With short-term memory (STM) indexed by the slope of the time-error (TE) function, no perceptual STM differences obtained among these groups. The only group differences were between the retardates and normals at the 2-second delay, with retardates showing significantly better percetpion (less TE but no less sensitivity) than the normals. All groups showed highly significant, parallel increases in negative TE over delays, suggesting that perceptual STM develops before age 8, and that retardates are not deficient in this kind of STM relative to either CA or MA matches.
Light-induced Mg2+ ATPase activity of coupling factor in intact chloroplasts.

Abstract Intense illumination of isolated, intact, spinach chloroplasts triggers the well known proton-pumping Mg 2+ ATPase activity of coupling factor, which can be assayed in subsequently lysed chloroplasts by monitoring ATP-driven quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence. The light-triggered ATPase activity decays slowly in the dark and is inhibited by N , N ′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After osmotic lysis and washing of the chloroplasts, preillumination no longer triggers maximal proton-pumping ATPase until methylviologen and dithiothreitol are added to the medium. It is suggested that intact organelles contain soluble or loosely bound cofactors necessary for light-triggering of coupling factor ATPase. On osmotic lysis, these endogenous cofactors are diluted or inactivated and must be replaced by addition of a dithiol reagent and an electron acceptor.
Large-scale characterization of public database SNPs causing non-synonymous changes in three ethnic groups

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that lead to non-synonymous changes in proteins may have functional effects and be subject to selection. Hence they are of particular interest in the study of genetic diseases. We have genotyped approximately 28,000 such SNPs in three ethnic populations (the HapMap plates) and ten primate species and analyzed these data for evidence of selection. We find SNPs predicted by PolyPhen to be damaging, have lower allele frequencies, and are particularly likely to be population-specific. We have also grouped SNPs by molecular function or biological process of the associated genes and find evidence that selection may be acting in concert on classes of genes.
Analysis of a DC motor drive in the presence of unbalance

Abstract The increasing presence of harmonics in power system has caused a need for the development of analytical methods of studying harmonic current effects. This paper describes a new method for modeling a six-pulse DC motor drive. One of the main features is that this model is derived from the actual waveform, which can be more accurate than the traditional constant current source model. Computer simulation method is used to analyze the six-pulse DC motor drive system and to compute the steady state responses of the DC load current and the AC line currents. The currents can be presented as a convenient set of mathematical expressions. The harmonic contents of currents can be obtained using fast Fourier transforms (FFT). In this paper, the effect of unbalanced voltage source is also studied. In addition, a full understanding of the sensitivity of the harmonic currents to different operating conditions is introduced.
A Joint Packet Selection/Omission and FEC System for Streaming Video

Media delivery over packet networks is often plagued by packet losses which limit its utility to end users. Forward error correction (FEC) based techniques are important for overcoming this problem. This paper further develops an FEC-based technique to maximize the expected received media quality by jointly choosing which packets to send and which packets to protect - including discarding packets to make additional room for protection. We describe a straight-forward implementation leveraging existing FEC system components. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that significant gains in PSNR of several dB are achieved when sending H.264/MPEG-4 AVC coded video over a packet erasure channel.
Chemosurgical Report: Eccrine Adenocarcinoma-Report of a Case, Treatment with Mohs Surgery

. Eccrine adenocarcinomas are neoplasms with a low incidence of occurrence and a prolonged and insidious course. The diversity of the histologic findings compatible with the diagnosis contributes to the difficulty of establishing a histologic prognosis from the pathology.1,2 Tumors with histologic features consistent with benign adenomas have subsequently metastasized, reflecting both the variable behavior of these tumors and problems with diagnostic and prognostic classification.3,4 Eccrine adenocarcinoma usually presents as a discrete lesion involving the scalp or upper extremities. It may also occur on the trunk and lower extremities.2,5 The gross morphology of the tumor is not specific, therefore the clinical diagnosis of eccrine adenocarcinoma is rarely made.2 Herein we report a case of the malignant eccrine acrospiroma type with lymph node metastasis, an approach to therapy, and guidelines for histologic criteria of malignancy.
Preference for tones as a function of frequency (hertz) and intensity (decibels)

An extension of the Wundt hypothesis concerning stimulus intensity and hedonic tone leads to the prediction that Ss prefer tones of intermediate frequency (hertz) and of intermediate intensity (decibels). In Experiment 1, tones varying from 60 to 5000 Hz were presented in a paired comparison procedure, and, as predicted, Ss′ preference was an inverted-U-shaped function of frequency, with the most preferred tones in the range of 400–750 Hz. In Experiment 2, tones varying in intensity from 40 to 90 dB were also presented in a paired comparison procedure, and again the predicted inverted-U-shaped preference function was found, with 50 dB as the preferred intensity. Related research and some unexpected findings are discussed.
Vibrational frequencies of a chemisorbed molecule: The role of the electrodynamic interactions

Abstract We use a simple model to discuss the role of the electrodynamic interactions between a chemisorbed molecule and the surface in shifting the vibrational frequencies of the molecule.
Elementary preservice teachers’ use of science notebooks

In this study, elementary preservice teachers used science notebooks throughout their science methods course to write about all aspects of science and scientific inquiry. The views regarding the use of science notebooks were explored in order to determine the preservice teachers’ attitudes and perceptions toward their use. The findings demonstrated that the preservice teachers involved became more relaxed in the way they use notebooks to communicate science understanding. They also came to see the notebooks as a valuable formative assessment tool.
Effect of ion irradiation-produced defects on the mobility of dislocations in 304 stainless steel

Abstract The impact of heavy-ion produced defects on the mobility of dislocations, dislocation sources and newly generated dislocations in 304 stainless steel are discovered by performing irradiation and deformation experiments in real time in the transmission electron microscope. Dislocations mobile prior to the irradiation are effectively locked in position by the irradiation, but the irradiation has no discernible impact on the ability of a source to generate dislocations. The motion and mobility of a dislocation is altered by the irradiation. It becomes irregular and jerky and the mobility increases slowly with time as the radiation-produced defects are annihilated locally. Channels created by dislocations ejected from grain boundary dislocation sources were found to have a natural width, as the emission sites within the boundary were spaced close together. Finally, the distribution of dislocations, basically, an inverse dislocation pile-up, within a cleared channel suggests a new mechanism for generating high local levels of stress at grain boundaries. The impact of these observations on the mechanical properties of irradiated materials is discussed briefly.
Mechanical Stress Compensation In Multilayer Dichroic Mirrors For The 16 µm Spectral Region

Multilayer quarterwave stacks were fabricated to reflect at lambda = 16 ..mu..m. Due to the substantial metric thickness of the stack, the mechanical stress caused the coating to separate from the substrate. The optical thickness of the lead fluoride was 35% thicker than the zinc selenide in the stress-compensated design. The tensive stress of the former compensated the compressive stress of the latter.
Visual asymmetry in perception of faces.

Abstract Several tests examined the established finding that the right side of the human face has greater saliency in the sense that it seems to bear a greater resemblance to the whole face. An experimental manipulation (photographic reversal of the face) showed that the effect is due to asymmetrical left-field perceptual bias rather than to qualities of faces themselves. Right-hemisphere specialization for facial recognition, coupled with more direct image transfer from the left visual field to the right hemisphere, is suggested as an explanation. No general bias was found for left-handers. Additional data from Hebrew readers do not support an alternate explanation of scanning habits developed through reading.
Partial Residual Plots in Generalized Linear Models

Abstract In this article we explore the structure and usefulness of partial residual plots as tools for visualizing curvature as a function of selected predictors x 2 in a generalized linear model (GLM), where the vector of predictors x is partitioned as x T = (x T 1, x T 2). The GLM extension of ceres plots is discussed, but to a lesser extent. The usefulness of these plots for obtaining a good visual impression of curvature may be limited by the specified GLM, the link function, and the stochastic behavior of the predictors. Partial residual plots seem to work well when modeling is in a region where the conditional mean of the response given x stays well away from its extremes so that the link is essentially linear, and E(x 1 | x 2) is linear in x 2. ceres plots, however, require only the first condition. The behavior of these plots is contrasted with their behavior in additive-error models.
A Decentralized Framework for Linear Coherent Estimation with Spatial Collaboration

We study an estimation problem where a fusion center estimates a random parameter by using a partially connected network of sensor nodes. The process involves two stages. In the collaboration stage, the sensor nodes share their observations with their neighbors. In the estimation stage, all the sensor nodes form a coherent beam to the fusion center using the analog amplify-and-forward procedure. In the previous work of Kar and Varshney (2013) on this topic, a control center determines the optimum collaboration strategy that is sent to the sensor nodes prior to starting the two-stage procedure. In this paper, we develop a new framework where the collaboration strategies are computed in a decentralized manner using minimal communication with the control center. This makes the sensor network more energy efficient and reduces control channel communication requirements.
Identifying the optimal energy-efficient operating points of parallel workloads

As the number of cores per processor grows, there is a strong incentive to develop parallel workloads to take advantage of the hardware parallelism. In comparison to single-threaded applications, parallel workloads are more complex to characterize due to thread interactions and resource stalls. This paper presents an accurate and scalable method for determining the optimal system operating points (i.e., number of threads and DVFS settings) at runtime for parallel workloads under a set of objective functions and constraints that optimize for energy efficiency in multi-core processors. Using an extensive training data set gathered for a wide range of parallel workloads on a commercial multi-core system, we construct multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models that estimate the optimal system settings as a function of workload characteristics. We use L 1 -regularization to automatically determine the relevant workload metrics for energy optimization. At runtime, our technique determines the optimal number of threads and the DVFS setting with negligible overhead. Our experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms prior techniques with up to 51% improved decision accuracy. This translates to up to 10.6% average improvement in energy-performance operation, with a maximum improvement of 30.9%. Our technique also demonstrates superior scalability as the number of potential system operating points increases.
β Receptor Mediated Transfer in Potassium Loaded Nephrectomized Dogs

AbstractIn nephrectomized dogs continuously infused with 2 mEq KCl/kg/hr, the development of hyperkalemia and cardiotoxicity is retarded by a homeostatic mechanism that transfers some 70% of the K load to intracellular fluid. Activity of the mechanism involves a β adrenergic receptor agonist since K transfer capacity is approximately halved by treatment with a blocking dosage of propranolol. The agonist is not endogenous epinephrine-adrenalectomy produces no change of K transfer ability; evidently an extraadrenomedullary agonist activates the β receptors involved in transport of a K load to intracellular fluid. Limiting blood flow to the brain by ligation of the cephalic arteries (an operation that elicits no immediate circulatory or cardiac impairment in dogs) also produces a significant fall of K transfer capacity; it is prevented by stimulating β receptors with epinephrine, i.e., combined with propranolol the hormone has no effect. The findings suggest that an extra adrenomedullary agonist of β recepto...
Meta-analysis of randomized trials of angioedema as an adverse event of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

Angioedema is a rare, potentially life-threatening adverse event of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk of angioedema from randomized clinical trials. A PubMed/CENTRAL/EMBASE search was made for randomized clinical trials from 1980 to October 2011 in patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or direct renin inhibitor (DRI). Trials with a total number of patients ≥100 and a duration of ≥8 weeks were included for analysis. Incidence of angioedema was pooled by weighing the incident rate of each trial by the inverse of the variance. Twenty-six trials with 74,857 patients in the ACE inhibitor arm with 232,523 person-years of follow-up, 19 trials with 35,479 patients on ARB with 122,293 person-years of follow-up, and 2 trials with 5,141 patients on DRI with 1,735 person-years of follow-up met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. In head-to-head comparison in 7 trials, risk of angioedema with ACE inhibitors was 2.2 times higher than with ARBs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 3.3). With ACE inhibitors and ARBs, incidence of angioedema was higher in heart failure trials compared to hypertension or coronary artery disease trials without heart failure (p
Prevalence of allergic disease in foreign-born American children.

Importance Improved understanding of allergic disease epidemiology lead to novel therapeutic and prevention strategies. Objectives To study the association between US birthplace and prevalence of childhood allergic disease and to determine the effects of prolonged US residence on allergic disease. Design, Setting, Participants Cross-sectional questionnaire distributed to 91 642 children aged 0 to 17 years enrolled in the 2007-2008 National Survey of Children's Health. Exposure Place of birth. Main Outcome and Measure Prevalence of allergic disease, including asthma, eczema, hay fever, and food allergies. Results Children born outside the United States had significantly lower odds of any atopic disorders than those born in the United States (logistic regression OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.38-0.61), including ever-asthma (0.53; 0.39-0.72), current-asthma (0.34; 0.23-0.51), eczema (0.43; 0.30-0.61), hay fever (0.39; 0.27-0.55), and food allergies (0.60; 0.37-0.99). The associations between child's birthplace and atopic disorders remained significant in multivariate models including age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual household income, residence in metropolitan areas, and history of child moving to a new address. Children born outside the United States whose parents were also born outside the United States had significantly lower odds of any atopic disorders than those whose parents were born in the United States (P = .005). Children born outside the United States who lived in the United States for longer than 10 years when compared with those who resided for only 0 to 2 years had significantly higher odds of developing any allergic disorders (adjusted OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.08-8.60), including eczema (4.93; 1.18-20.62; P = .03) and hay fever (6.25; 1.70-22.96) but not asthma or food allergies (P ≥ .06). Conclusions and Relevance Children born outside the United States have a lower prevalence allergic disease that increases after residing in the United States for 1 decade.
Adaptive measurement-based admission control using neural network predictor

In this paper, we use a neural network based system to predict multi-scale high-speed network traffic and apply it to build a measurement-based admission control (MBAC) scheme. An adaptive two-stage predictor is proposed with the first stage containing a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network to forecast multi-step-ahead traffic values at a certain timescale. The second stage combines the forecasts to produce the predicted traffic at higher timescales. Four combination schemes, averaging, RLS, MLP, and fuzzy neural network, are investigated. The performance is tested on four different types of traffic data, MPEG and JPEG video, Ethernet and Internet. The results show that the two-stage predictor outperforms the autoregressive (AR) model. The adaptive MBAC scheme uses a neural network controller to take the decision based on the congestion status and the available bandwidth computed from the multi-scale predicted traffic and the user's peak rate. The proposed scheme achieves higher network utilization compared to the peak rate and Chernoff bound schemes.
Repeated Measures GLMM Estimation of Subject-Related and False Positive Threshold Effects on Human Face Verification Performance

Subject covariate data were collected on 1, 072 pairs of FERET images for analysis in a human face verification experiment. The subject data included information about facial hair, bangs, eyes, gender, and age. The verification experiment was replicated at seven different false alarm rates ranging from 1/10, 000 to 1/100. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was fit to the binary outcomes indicating correct verification. Statistically significant main effects for bangs, eyes, gender, and age were found. The effect of the log false positive rate on verification success was found to interact significantly with bangs, gender, and age. These results have important implications for future evaluation of biometrics, and the GLMM methodology used here is shown to be effective and informative for this sort of data.