cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylotrophy in Freshwater Beggiatoa alba Strains

Two freshwater strains of the gammaproteobacterium Beggiatoa alba, B18LD and OH75-2a, are able to use methanol as a sole carbon and energy source under microoxic conditions. Genes encoding a methanol dehydrogenase large-subunit homolog and four enzymes of the tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent C1 oxidation pathway were identified in B18LD. No evidence of methanotrophy was detected.
Users and batteries: interactions and adaptive energy management in mobile systems

Battery lifetime has become one of the top usability concerns of mobile systems. While many endeavors have been devoted to improving battery lifetime, they have fallen short in understanding how users interact with batteries. In response, we have conducted a systematic user study on battery use and recharge behavior, an important aspect of user-battery interaction, on both laptop computers and mobile phones. Based on this study, we present three important findings: 1) most recharges happen when the battery has substantial energy left, 2) a considerable portion of the recharges are driven by context (location and time), and those driven by battery levels usually occur when the battery level is high, and 3) there is great variation among users and systems. These findings indicate that there is substantial opportunity to enhance existing energy management policies, which solely focus on extending battery lifetime and often lead to excess battery energy upon recharge, by adapting the aggressiveness of the policy to match the usage and recharge patterns of the device. We have designed, deployed, and evaluated a user- and statistics-driven energy management system, Llama, to exploit the battery energy in a user-adaptive and user-friendly fashion to better serve the user. We also conducted a user study after the deployment that shows Llama effectively harvests excess battery energy for a better user experience (brighter display) or higher quality of service (more application data) without a noticeable change in battery lifetime.
What is the information in a photon

This paper considers the amount of information in a photon. It is argued that a photon in a pure state also carries information, which is contrary to established opinion based on von Neumann entropy.
An Overview of the History of New York: Discovery through the Civil War

It is impossible to understand the history and importance of the New York City transit system without an appreciation for how the city became a place and a people whose destiny literally depended on its invention and implementation. By 1850, New York had reached a point where its future growth was severely limited. Its people and its enterprises were squeezed into a small area in what is now downtown Manhattan, suffering with a disease-ridden environment, and intense competition for both jobs and housing which bred ethnic controversies that frequently escalated into violence. The city was ready to explode. Either a means to expand its limits would be found, or the city would collapse in ways that no one wanted to contemplate.
Twelve‐Step Groups, Attributions of Blame for Personal Sadness, Psychological Well‐Being, and the Moderating Role of Gender1

Two studies investigated links among 12-step group participation, gender, attributions of blame for personal sadness, and psychological well-being. Study I used a correlational design to examine these links cross-sectionally among substance abusers who identified alcohol as their primary drug problem. Study 2 used an experimental design to examine prospective links among these variables for substance abusers who were also adult children of alcoholics. Females engaged in more blame than did males, and personal blame was negatively related to psychological well-being in Studies 1 and 2. Most significantly, 12-step group participation was associated with lower personal blame among females but not among males across both studies. These results indicate that 12-step groups can reduce personal blame among females who have substance abuse problems.
Imbibition of saline solutions into dry and prewetted porous media

Infiltration of saline solutions and pure water into homogeneous packs of prewetted and air-dry silica sands was investigated using a light transmission system. Four sand grades and five solutions were considered. Narrow fingers with a sharp, almost saturated, wetting front were observed in the air-dry sands. The water content left behind the fingertip of saline solutions was higher than for pure water, resulting in a greater lateral expansion of the saline fingers over time. The rate of lateral expansion scaled with the square root of time, likely due to classic liquid sorption with the possible addition of water vapor diffusion. At early time, the salty fingers moved faster, but were ultimately overtaken by the pure water fingers. In prewetted sand, the wetting fronts were diffuse and never exceeded 26% saturation, less than third that seen in the initially air-dry media. The plumes in the prewetted sand were also much wider and their shape varied. In the prewetted sand the elevated surface tension of the saline solutions was the major cause for the observed differences in finger width and velocity, yet appeared to be insignificant in air-dry sand. Here, in addition to the density effect, absorption of the saline solution to the silica sand influenced the depth of wetting, finger velocity, and subsequent lateral expansion.
Commercial A.P.F. concentrates in poultry rations.

Abstract The work of Ott, Rickes and Woods (1948) shows a close comparison between vitamin B12 and crude sources of the animal protein factor. Lillie, Denton and Bird (1948) have shown a similarity between vitamin B12 and an acid precipitate of cow manure. McGinnis et al. (1949) and Stockstad et al. (1949) suggest that A.P.F. concentrates from fermentation products contain a growth factor for poults and chicks which is different from vitamin B12. Whether or not the growth response due to factors other than vitamin B12 which appear to be present in certain fermentation products is due to A.P.F. or other “B” complex vitamins as yet unidentified, will have to remain unanswered until they can be isolated more certainly than at present. The purpose of the tests reported here was to determine (1) if undepleted chicks hatched from eggs produced by hens fed a diet containing 5% fish meal and 5% . . .
Cancer-associated recurrent mutations in RNase III domains of DICER1

Mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1 are known to disrupt processing of 5p-strand pre-miRNAs and these mutations have previously been associated with cancer. Using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas project, we show that these mutations are recurrent across four cancer types and that a previously uncharacterized recurrent mutation in the adjacent RNase IIIa domain also disrupts 5p-strand miRNA processing. Analysis of the downstream effects of the resulting imbalance 5p/3p shows a statistically significant effect on the expression of mRNAs targeted by major conserved miRNA families. In summary, these mutations in DICER1 lead to an imbalance in miRNA strands, which has an effect on mRNA transcript levels that appear to contribute to the oncogenesis.
Reply to my Critics

In response to critical discussion of my book, A Tear Is an Intellectual Thing: The Meanings of Emotion, I clarify and develop various aspects of my analysis of jealousy in particular and affectivity in general. In relation to jealousy, I explore the nature of pathology, the role of fantasy and of the rival, and the place of examples and of evolutionary theory. In relation to affectivity, I emphasize the difference between distinguishing emotions from other psychological states and distinguishing among, within and between, particular emotions (where affectivity may not be central). In addition, I emphasize the dangers of a version of G.E. Moore's error in demanding a nonreductive analysis of “good” in parallel demands for a nonreductive analysis of “affectivity.”
Comparison of the Effects of Alcohol, Chlordiazepoxide, and Δ9 Tetrahydrocannabinol on Intraspecies Aggression in Rats

The species-specific repertoire of attack, threat, defense, and submission was produced in pairs of male laboratory rats and measured after intraperitoneal injection of a drug or its vehicle to one of the rats. Attack behavior by dominant rats toward nondrugged opponents was increased by a low dose of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) or of chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg), but suppressed by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In experienced subordinate rats, the highest alcohol dose (1.5 g/kg) impaired the defensive upright posture whereas THC (2, 4 mg/kg) prolonged immobile crouch and submissivesupine reactions and resulted in more wounds. Naive rats administered alcohol assumed the submissivesupine posture more readily and for a longer duration, but sustained more biting attacks. Chlordiazepoxide and THC, when administered to naive rats, prolonged the immobile crouch reaction, and THC also impaired the defensive upright posture. We conclude that alcohol and chlordiazepoxide both enhance attack behavior in dominant rats, whereas THC has specific anti-aggressive effects and profoundly alters the submissive-defensive reactions.
An evaluation of contraception mobile applications for providers of family planning services

Abstract Objective We aimed to identify mobile applications (apps) about contraception and to evaluate those targeted toward providers of family planning services in order to assess their quality and comprehensiveness. Methods We systematically searched the Apple iTunes Store using contraception search terms. We created a master list of relevant and unique apps and divided the apps into categories and subcategories according to intended audience and purpose. We then checked availability of contraception apps for providers in the Google Play Store. We scored apps on objective and subjective components using the APPLICATIONS scoring system, a tool developed to evaluate health-related mobile apps with a maximum score of 17 points. Results From a total of 1218 apps found using 41 contraception search terms, 113 were unique and relevant to contraception. We determined that six apps (5.3%) were potentially useful for providers of family planning services and evaluated them. Four apps received 12 points, one received 11 points and one received 8 points. The two free apps were among those with the highest scores. Three of these apps were also available in the Google Play Store. Conclusions A small number of contraception apps are targeted toward providers of family planning services. Available apps are variable in quality and comprehensiveness. Implications There is potential for further mobile resource development in the area of contraception, given the limited number and inconsistent quality of available apps.
Frequency comb generation in green, red and infrared region from AlN microring resonator

We demonstrate optical frequency comb generation in visible and IR spectrum within a high Q aluminum nitride microring resonator. High resolution spectroscopic study of the comb indicates matched free spectral range over all the bands.
116 FACTORS IMPACTING THE SUCCESS OF POSTMORTEM SPERM RECOVERY AND CRYOPRESERVATION IN THE RHINOCEROS

Given the increasing anthropogenic pressures on wildlife around the globe coupled with the challenges of climate change, cryopreservation of genetic resources from extant species should be prioritized while the opportunity still exists. Arguably, the rhinoceros stands out as a primary candidate for concerted gene banking efforts given its historical brush with extinction and today’s escalating poaching crisis. The goal of this study was to identify factors that influenced the ability to successfully recover and cryopreserve sperm postmortem from rhinos maintained in North American zoos. Factors considered included procedural technicalities, individual rhino characteristics, and timing. A total of 23 mature male rhinos ranging in age from 8 to 43 years, representing 4 species and maintained at 13 different zoos, were opportunistically included in this study over a 16-year period (1998–2014). The majority of the males were African black rhinoceros (n = 14), followed by Indian rhinoceros (n = 5), African white rhinoceros (n = 3), and a single Sumatran rhinoceros. All zoos received a protocol requesting that reproductive tissues (testes, epididymides, and vas deferens) be removed from the rhino as soon as possible after death, kept moist, cooled slowly, and shipped cool (5°C) overnight to the lab for processing. Samples of adequate quality (≥30% motility with ≥2.0 forward progressive status) were cryopreserved according to a previously published protocol (O’Brien and Roth 2000 J. Reprod. Fertil. 118, 263–271). Gross testicular pathology was noted in 17.4% of males (4/23) but did not impact sperm recovery except in one case of azoospermia (4.3%). Sixty-two percent of the males (13/21) in which sperm recovery was attempted yielded quality samples adequate for cryopreservation (black rhino, n = 7; white rhino, n = 3; Indian rhino, n = 2; Sumatran rhino, n = 1). A high percentage of males (70.6%; 12/17) from which reproductive tissue was removed and cooled ≤4 h after death yielded quality sperm samples, whereas only 25% (1/4) of males from which tissue was removed >4 h after death yielded quality samples. Quality samples were recovered up to 51 h postmortem from rhinos ranging in age from 8 to 35 years. Neither type of illness (prolonged or acute) or method of death (euthanasia or natural) affected the ability to harvest quality samples (P > 0.05). The Indian rhino yielded significantly more sperm on average (40 × 109) than the African black rhino (3.6 × 109; P < 0.01) and the African white rhino (3.2 × 109; P < 0.05). Mean pre- and post-thaw percent sperm motility for black (n = 6; 53 and 38%), white (n = 2; 80 and 63%), Indian (n = 2; 50 and 45%), and Sumatran (n = 1; 50 and 38%) rhino samples assessed indicated a reduction of just 5 to 17% post-thaw. In conclusion, rhino sperm recovery postmortem is relatively successful across a wide range of variables, especially when tissues are removed and cooled promptly after death, and should become standard practice in zoos.
The risks of central nervous system relapse and leukoencephalopathy in patients receiving marrow transplants for acute leukemia

The records of 415 patients who received allogeneic marrow transplants for acute leukemia were reviewed to assess the risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse and leukoencephalopathy after marrow transplantation. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of CNS relapse posttransplant were 13% for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 2% for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANL). Previous CNS disease was significantly correlated with an increased risk of CNS relapse in patients transplanted for ALL but not for ANL. In contrast, bone marrow involvement with leukemia at the time of transplant was associated with an increased risk of CNS relapse in patients with ANL but not in patients with ALL. Seventy-one patients with ALL did not receive posttransplant intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX) and 127 did. The probability of CNS relapse in these two groups was 38% and 7%, respectively (P less than .02). This protective benefit from IT-MTX was present in patients both with and without a history of CNS involvement or marrow involvement at the time of transplant. In patients with ANL, 116 patients did not receive posttransplant IT-MTX and 101 patients did, but no protection from CNS relapse was observed from IT-MTX irrespective of a patient's previous CNS history or marrow status at the time of transplant. Leukoencephalopathy was seen exclusively in patients who had received radiation and/or intrathecal chemotherapy to the CNS before preparation for marrow transplantation and posttransplant IT-MTX. In such patients the risk of leukoencephalopathy was 7%. From our data, it appears that posttransplant IT-MTX is a significant benefit for ALL patients in preventing CNS relapse after marrow transplantation. A similar benefit from posttransplant IT-MTX for ANL patients cannot be established from this study. In both groups, increasing total CNS therapy was associated with an increasing risk of leukoencephalopathy.
Is Value-Driven Health Care an Unfunded Mandate for Radiologists?

OBJECTIVE. The goals of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) can be summed up by the Triple Aim, as defined by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement: Improve population health, optimize the patient experience, and reduce the costs of care. CONCLUSION. Despite recent reimbursement reductions, radiologists have increasing opportunities to participate in value-based payment programs and should leverage those opportunities.
The Indispensability of Temporal Atomism

Far from being an unnecessary appendage to Whitehead's system, temporal atomism is, in my judgment, the basis for pansubjectivity and other fundamental ideas such as becoming, concrescence, and subjectivity.
FORUM: ELIE HALEVY, FRENCH LIBERALISM, AND THE POLITICS OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC INTRODUCTION

The history of French liberalism is undergoing a renaissance. For much of the twentieth century, it was viewed with disdain, as insufficiently “engaged,” as too tentative in its demands for social reform, as overly optimistic concerning the progress of reason and science. Scholarship during the past three decades has challenged these views, though it is notable that there is still, to my knowledge, no general history of French liberalism that goes past the consolidation of the Third Republic in the late 1870s. Part of the ongoing reassessment has been the consequence of the decline of revolutionary illusions and of marxisant frameworks of analysis following 1968, reinforced by the more general decline of the left following the end of the Cold War in 1989 and the implosion of the Soviet Union in 1991. Another element contributing to this reassessment has been the emergence of more nuanced definitions of “liberalism,” ones that are not limited to legal (civil liberties), political (constitutionalism), and/or economic (free trade) dimensions. Equally important, scholars are insisting, are conceptions of science, of religion, of the role of the state, of solidarity, of sociability, of moeurs, of identity, of gender, of the self.
Dry Environments: The Influence of Low Humidity on Comfort and Health

Individuals are routinely subjected to dry environments. These conditions may result from geographic areas, the heating of indoor spaces, or specialized settings (e.g. commercial aircraft cabins). This paper examines the affect of low humidity from two perspectives: comfort and health. Results indicate that the dry-bulb temperature is only 7.8 times more important than relative humidity (rh) in determining the subjective thermal response, and that rh has a greater role in determining how men feel than how women feel. Additionally, it was shown that a perceivable level of annoyance is experienced by both wearers and nonwearers of soft contact lenses at or below 30% rh, and this effect becomes most pronounced after four hours. Other findings indicated that the perception of varying odor intensity levels (e.g., cigarette smoke) is higher in dry environments; several studies are also reported showing the health related benefits of humidification.
Research and Development of Visual Simulation System in DIS Environment

By comparing several frequently used visual simulation developing tools such as OpenGL, VRML, Direct3D, MultiGen Vega, we come to the conclusion that MultiGen Vega is a powerful and easy-using tool to build visual simulation in DIS environment. The requirement of visual simulation in DIS environment is proposed; meanwhile the key techniques of building such a system are discussed. Using underwater autonomous vehicle distributed interactive simulation system as an example, a Visual simulation based on HLA is developed.
Surgical Treatment of Stage A2 Prostatic Carcinoma: Significance of Tumor Grade and Extent

Patients with stage A2 carcinoma of the prostate are a heterogeneous population and not all of them progress to clinically manifest disease. We found a similar variability in terms of the pathological findings in a group of 34 patients with stage A2 disease undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy. While 8 patients (24 per cent) had metastatic disease on staging lymphadenectomy, 9 patients (27 per cent) had negative lymphadenectomy, with minimal or no residual tumor in the radical specimen. The histologic grade and extent of tumor on transurethral resection did not predict reliably patients with stage A2 disease and minimally invasive cancer at radical prostatectomy. It appears that present criteria for separating stage A tumors into focal and diffuse categories are adequate for selecting therapy for patients with incidental carcinoma of the prostate.
Local Density Calculation of the Optical Properties of Insulators

In the past two decades, the density functional theory (DFT)1,2, in the local density approximation (LDA) has proved to be an extremely successful approach in studying physical properties of many molecules and solids, including bulk metals, semiconductors, insulators as well as surfaces and interfaces3–5. The LDA theory gives the formal theoretical justification in using the one-electron approach in solving a complicated many body problem. A very important application of LDA beyond the usual electronic structure calculation is the optical properties of solids. The calculation of interband optical transition provides an opportunity for investigating the excited states of the system. It can be used as a benchmark to test the accuracy of a calculation since experimental studies on optical properties are quite abundant. Comparison of calculated and measured spectra can shed much light on the important question as to whether the LDA is an appropriate or adequate theory to explore the excited state of a crystal, since it is based on the approximation to the ground state of the electron system. As a matter of fact, LDA theory has been routinely applied to obtain excited states of many different systems, and in many cases, achieved very satisfactory results. However, there remains a quite justified concern about how far the LDA can be pushed. One of the biggest problems of the LDA theory is the underestimation of the band gap for insulators. The eigenvalues of the unoccupied states from the LDA calculation cannot be simply taken as the excitation energies in the real solid. There have been many tenuous efforts in recent years to go beyond the LDA in order to obtain gap values in closer agreement with experiments.
Ethical Issues & Accounting Education

The accounting profession has been under intense scrutiny since the corporate scandals involving Enron and WorldCom. The Code of Ethics and the standards have had to be reexamined as to their validity. The study examined whether State Universities merely meet the minimum ethics requirements set forth by their accreditation agencies, and are they offering additional courses in ethics that would enable the students to satisfy the requirements set by the states in order to become a licensed CPA. A second part of the study examined the presentation of the ethics courses. The key data that was examined was the number of ethics hours that the accreditation agency required, the number of hours the schools required for graduation, whether the classes were integrated or stand-alone or a combination of both and whether the universities were meeting the requirements set forth by the states for CPA certification. The findings show, that the universities were merely meeting the requirements set forth by the accreditation agency and many of the schools were not offering the necessary classes to prepare the students for certification. The challenge is to have the accreditation agencies align with the AICPA in regards to the number of ethics hours that are required and then mandate that the schools amend the curriculum to meet these demands.
Accessibility and Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Legal Perspectives in the United States

This chapter contributes to important conversations about accessibility in higher education by examining legal issues that shape experiences of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The chapter begins by outlining the relationship between reasonable accommodations and academic success. Then, it provides an overview of ASD in relation to postsecondary education. A substantive portion of the chapter delineates current legal topics, including federal law, case law, and Office of Civil Rights (OCR) letters. Functional limitations associated with ASD are social or sensory in nature. However, legal precedent in the United States defines the major life activity of learning in a manner that does not usually include these components, thereby limiting access to sensory and social accommodations. The chapter concludes by discussing Title IX and students with ASD that experience sexual assault, the value of neurodiversity, and future implications for accessibility as the number of students with ASD in postsecondary education increases.
CMPyMOL: A Tool for Protein Contact-Map Analysis

Contact-maps are reduced 2D representation of the 3D spatial configuration of a protein. Many valuable structural features like secondary structures, inter and intra-protein interactions, interacting domains, etc., can be readily identified from these maps. However, it is not straightforward and intuitive to reckon the spatial organization of the contact regions from reduced representation. The CMPyMOL software attempts to bridge this gap as an interactive graphical tool for protein contact-maps that interfaces with PyMOL for 3D visualization. Importantly, CMPyMOL helps understand the functional importance of contacts by providing visual overlays of various structural and biochemical properties of a protein on top of its contact-map.
Digital Distraction and Legal Risk

The modern digital age has fostered a myth that multitasking equates to efficiency; multitasking is in fact the diametric opposite of mindfulness and focus. The human mind is incapable of focusing fully on more than one critical dataset at a time. The lack of focus is recognized to result in slips, lapses, omissions, and procedural violations. The fiduciary duty of a physician is to dedicate his or her education, training, and skill to the care of a patient’s medical care, in accordance with generally accepted standards. Where there is a conscious choice to engage in distractions during the patient-provider encounter, the expectations and rights of patients are violated; and errors, when they occur and are discovered, become difficult to defend in a court of law.
Does a teacher’s classroom observation rating vary across multiple classrooms?

Classroom observations have been increasingly used for teacher evaluations, and it is important to examine the measurement quality and the use of observation ratings. When a teacher is observed in multiple classrooms, his or her observation ratings may vary across classrooms. In that case, using ratings from one classroom per teacher may not be adequate to represent a teacher’s instructional quality. Drawing on the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) dataset, this study examined the variation of a teacher’s classroom observation ratings across his or her multiple classrooms. The results indicate that the math classrooms accounted for 4.9 to 14.7% of the variance in the classroom observation ratings and English language arts (ELA) classrooms accounted for 6.7 to 15.5% of the variance in the ratings. The results of this study suggest that teachers’ multiple classrooms should be taken into consideration when classroom observation ratings are used to evaluate teachers in high-stakes settings.
INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS` REFLECTIVENESS AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Interest in language teacher reflection has grown massively after the emergence of postmethod era. This study aims to explore the potential associations between teacher reflectiveness and experience among EFL teachers. To this end, a standard English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory (ELTRI) was employed to measure the reflectiveness of 179 English language teachers. The results revealed that there is a negative correlation between teaching experience of teachers and their reflectiveness that is aligned with the tacit claims of Cognitive Consistency Theories, specifically Congruity Theory. It is suggested that as teachers grow more experienced, they tend to become more stabilized in their instructional praxis. The findings of this study bear important implications for those who are in the realm of teaching in general and language teaching in particular.
A Novel 1.2 kV 4H-SiC Buffered-Gate (BG) MOSFET: Analysis and Experimental Results

A novel 1.2-kV-rated 4H-SiC buffered-gate MOSFET (BG-MOSFET) structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to have superior high frequency figures-of-merit (HF-FOMs) for the first time. From the measured data on devices fabricated in a 6-in foundry, the BG-MOSFET is demonstrated to have $4.0\times $ and $2.6\times $ smaller HF-FOM [ ${R}_{ {\scriptscriptstyle{\text {ON}}}}\times {Q}_{\text {gd}}$ ], and $3.6\times $ and $2.1\times $ smaller HF-FOM [ ${R}_{ {\scriptscriptstyle{\text {ON}}}}\times {C}_{\text {gd}}$ ], when compared with the conventional MOSFET and split-gate MOSFET, respectively.
Anomaly detection for medical images based on a one-class classification

Detecting an anomaly such as a malignant tumor or a nodule from medical images including mammogram, CT or PET images is still an ongoing research problem drawing a lot of attention with applications in medical diagnosis. A conventional way to address this is to learn a discriminative model using training datasets of negative and positive samples. The learned model can be used to classify a testing sample into a positive or negative class. However, in medical applications, the high unbalance between negative and positive samples poses a difficulty for learning algorithms, as they will be biased towards the majority group, i.e., the negative one. To address this imbalanced data issue as well as leverage the huge amount of negative samples, i.e., normal medical images, we propose to learn an unsupervised model to characterize the negative class. To make the learned model more flexible and extendable for medical images of different scales, we have designed an autoencoder based on a deep neural network to characterize the negative patches decomposed from large medical images. A testing image is decomposed into patches and then fed into the learned autoencoder to reconstruct these patches themselves. The reconstruction error of one patch is used to classify this patch into a binary class, i.e., a positive or a negative one, leading to a one-class classifier. The positive patches highlight the suspicious areas containing anomalies in a large medical image. The proposed method has been tested on InBreast dataset and achieves an AUC of 0.84. The main contribution of our work can be summarized as follows. 1) The proposed one-class learning requires only data from one class, i.e., the negative data; 2) The patch-based learning makes the proposed method scalable to images of different sizes and helps avoid the large scale problem for medical images; 3) The training of the proposed deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based auto-encoder is fast and stable.
Toward supplying food, energy, and water demand: Integrated solar desalination process synthesis with power and hydrogen coproduction

Abstract The increase in population coupled with rising per capita income and associated change in consumption habits will put unprecedented stress on food, energy and water (FEW) resources. Sustainable and reliable fresh water supply is central for life and also for all sectors that support our existence. Uncertainty on water security prompted interest in investigation of renewable energy driven desalination processes. One particularly promising option is to produce fresh water from the two most abundant resources on earth: solar energy and seawater. In this study, using Solar Electricity, Water, Food and Chemical (SEWFAC) process synthesis concept, we explore and identify synergistic integration alternatives of multi stage flash desalination, solar thermal power, and hydrogen production processes. The promising options have been analyzed by detailed process simulation and optimization using an integrated Aspen Plus and MATLAB modeling environment. The proposed process designs can meet the water and electricity demand with rather high conversion efficiencies. Furthermore, integration of solar hydrogen production and hydrogen-fired power plant can enable continuous production of fresh water and electricity in solar-rich water-poor regions. In addition to other metrics, we have evaluated the performance of the desalination process from power point of view with a new metric, Electricity Equivalent Water (EEW) to demonstrate the marginal energy penalty of desalination. Integration of thermal desalination processes with electricity and hydrogen production is a synergistic alliance and can play a pivotal role in approaching FEW nexus.
Assessment of Recovery Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVES We analyzed a prospective database of pediatric traumatic brain injury patients to identify predictors of outcome and describe the change in function over time. We hypothesized that neurologic status at hospital discharge would not reflect the long-term neurologic recovery state. DESIGN This is a descriptive cohort analysis of a single-center prospective database of pediatric traumatic brain injury patients from 2001 to 2012. Functional outcome was assessed at hospital discharge, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended Pediatrics or Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed on average at 15.8 months after injury. SETTING Children's Medical Center Dallas, a single-center PICU and Level 1 Trauma Center. PATIENTS Patients, 0-17 years old, with complicated-mild/moderate or severe accidental traumatic brain injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Dichotomized long-term outcome was favorable in 217 of 258 patients (84%), 80 of 82 patients (98%) with complicated-mild/moderate injury and 133 of 172 severe patients (77%). In the bivariate analysis, younger age, motor vehicle collision as a mechanism of injury, intracranial pressure monitor placement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation at scene or emergency department, increased hospital length of stay, increased ventilator days (all with p < 0.01) and occurrence of seizures (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome. In multiple regression analysis, younger age (p = 0.03), motor vehicle collision (p = 0.01), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p < 0.01), and ventilator days (p < 0.01) remained significant. Remarkably, 28 of 60 children (47%) with an unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale at hospital discharge improved to a favorable outcome. In severe patients with an unfavorable outcome at hospital discharge, younger age was identified as a risk factor for remaining in an unfavorable condition (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Despite a poor neurologic status at hospital discharge, many children after traumatic brain injury will significantly improve at long-term assessment. The factors most associated with outcomes were age, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, motor vehicle collision, intracranial pressure placement, days on a ventilator, hospital length of stay, and seizures. The factor most associated with improvement from an unfavorable neurologic status at discharge was being older.
How to Write One of the Most Successful Academy of Management Articles of All Time

This symposium examines the question “How do you write one of the most successful Academy of Management articles of all time?” A number of performance management models have been introduced that ex...
Iron–Nickel Dual-Catalysis: A New Engine for Olefin Functionalization and the Formation of Quaternary Centers

Alkene hydroarylation forms carbon–carbon bonds between two foundational building blocks of organic chemistry: olefins and aromatic rings. In the absence of electronic bias or directing groups, only the Friedel–Crafts reaction allows arenes to engage alkenes with Markovnikov selectivity to generate quaternary carbons. However, the intermediacy of carbocations precludes the use of electron-deficient arenes, including Lewis basic heterocycles. Here we report a highly Markovnikov-selective, dual-catalytic olefin hydroarylation that tolerates arenes and heteroarenes of any electronic character. Hydrogen atom transfer controls the formation of branched products and arene halogenation specifies attachment points on the aromatic ring. Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted alkenes yield Markovnikov products including quaternary carbons within nonstrained rings.
Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies - Scientific Basis and Efficacy.

The prevalence of age-related diseases is in an upward trend due to increased life expectancy in humans. Age-related conditions are among the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide currently. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find apt interventions that slow down aging and reduce or postpone the incidence of debilitating age-related diseases. This review discusses the efficacy of emerging anti-aging approaches for maintaining better health in old age. There are many anti-aging strategies in development, which include procedures such as augmentation of autophagy, elimination of senescent cells, transfusion of plasma from young blood, intermittent fasting, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, physical exercise, antioxidant intake, and stem cell therapy. Multiple pre-clinical studies suggest that administration of autophagy enhancers, senolytic drugs, plasma from young blood, drugs that enhance neurogenesis and BDNF are promising approaches to sustain normal health during aging and also to postpone age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Stem cell therapy has also shown promise for improving regeneration and function of the aged or Alzheimer’s disease brain. Several of these approaches are awaiting critical appraisal in clinical trials to determine their long-term efficacy and possible adverse effects. On the other hand, procedures such as intermittent fasting, physical exercise, intake of antioxidants such as resveratrol and curcumin have shown considerable promise for improving function in aging, some of which are ready for large-scale clinical trials, as they are non-invasive, and seem to have minimal side effects. In summary, several approaches are at the forefront of becoming mainstream therapies for combating aging and postponing age-related diseases in the coming years.
Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopically Secured Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stents (FCSEMS) for Post-Bariatric Complex Stenosis.

The use of fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMS) has opened the door to treat stenosis in the post-bariatric stomach. We hypothesized that endoscopically securing a FCSEMS would be technically feasible, effective, and safe for > 30-day dwell time. To assess the technical feasibility, clinical efficacy, and safety of endoscopically secured FCSEMS in the stomach for > 30 days. A retrospective review (September 2016 to April 2018) of consecutive patients who underwent FCSEMS suturing in the stomach at a single academic institution was reviewed. Technical success, stent dwell time, symptoms, and adverse events were recorded. Fifteen patients (median age of 49 (31–70)) were included. Stents were inserted for gastrojejunal (GJ) stricture or gastric stenosis in 9/15 and 6/15 of patients, respectively. All procedures were technically successful (100%). Immediate and short-term clinical success (prior to stent removal) was 100% in patients who did not have stent migration. Stent migration was seen in 3 cases (20%) after a median dwell time of 211 days. However, 2/3 (66.6%) had not attended their scheduled removal. Recurrence of symptoms after stent removal was seen in 53.3% of patients with 40% undergoing repeat stenting. Median stent dwell was 117 (30–342) days. Sixty percent and 33% of patients had stent dwell of at least 90 and 180 days, respectively. A FCSEMS, if secured, may be safe and effective for even > 90-day dwell time in the post-bariatric stomach and may result in long-term clinical success for GJ stricture after stent removal.
Meaningful Engagement in Public Lands Decision Making

Many have had the experience of engaging public land managers during the decision-making process, whether by comment, administrative appeal, or judicial action. The experience is not always a happy one. Decisions involving our public land resources are often complex and controversial, and the agency decision maker generally exercises wide latitude in reaching a decision. Rarely does an agency exercise its discretion exactly as a commenter might want. Accepting a critique of a proposal offered by an outside third party may seem unwise to an agency official, who may rightly or wrongly perceive the criticism as ill-informed or biased. Nonetheless, agency officials understand that in the modern era opportunities for public participation are necessary, and often required by law. Some embrace their obligation to engage the public; others do little more than tolerate it. But beyond any legal requirements or perceptions of public involvement by agency officials, it is fair to ask whether engaging the public serves any moral or utilitarian purpose. And of particular importance, does improving the public engagement process result in final decisions that both the public and the agencies see as fair and good decisions? This chapter considers the value of public involvement in agency decisions involving our public lands. It focuses primarily on the decisions of the multiple use land management agencies — the U.S. Forest Service (Forest Service) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) — but at least some of the analysis applies as well to more limited purpose land management agencies such as the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It identifies some flaws and risks associated with the traditional approach to public participation before concluding that, in most cases at least, the advantages outweigh the risks. It then considers approaches to public participation that are likely to yield good results. For purposes of this assessment, a “good” result is one that, at a minimum, the public generally understands and accepts even if people disagree with it, because the agency has adequately justified its decision on credible legal and policy grounds. A good decision is also one that is designed to, and in fact does, protect the public interest in the affected public land resources. While identifying the public interest necessarily involves some level of subjective judgment, it should at least encompass interests beyond those of the various stakeholders who engaged the agency, and should include the interests of a broader community, such as disadvantaged people, future generations, and perhaps even non-human communities. In approaching this subject one is inclined to focus on process, and process is surely important. I will argue, however, that agencies should give equal consideration to the design of substantive proposals, recognizing that proposal design can significantly impact the ability of parties to engage the agency in a meaningful way.
P60 The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education: Comparing Registered Dietitian Educators and Dietetic Interns

Background The Marshall University Nutrition Education Program (MUNEP) delivers nutrition education to needy elementary schools (grades K-2) in rural West Virginia. This dissertation research reviewed pre-/post-tests and teacher focus group findings comparing effectiveness of RDN educators and dietetic intern (DI) educators in program delivery. DI educators have no formal educational training or pedagogical practice compared to RDNs, yet they play a significant role in program implementation. Objective To examine differences in knowledge/behavior change based on pre-/post-scores after an intervention of nutrition education lessons by RDN educators/DI educators; and to compare the effectiveness of RDN educators/DI educators through teacher focus group findings. Study Design, Setting, Participants A mixed-methods, retrospective study of (15) knowledge/behavior-change questions on student pre-/post-tests (n = 1160) comparing RDN/DI educators; and results of teacher focus groups (n = 4), with teachers (n = 30) examining the effectiveness of RDN/DI educators in program implementation. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Quantitative analysis included independent t-tests comparing pre-/post-test scores for overall knowledge/behavior change; independent t-tests examining post-test scores for overall behavior/overall knowledge and comparing RDN/DI educators; post-hoc Bonferroni ANOVA analysis comparing post-test scores to free/reduced-priced (FR) meals in needy schools. Qualitative inquiry included thematic analysis to compare effectiveness of RDN/DI educators. Results Overall knowledge change from pre- to post-test was statistically significant (P = .000); no significant difference in overall behavior change from pre- to post-test (P = .710), or comparison between RDN/DI educators (P = .175 for knowledge change; P = .479 for behavior change) were found. Statistical significance existed for post hoc review of students' post-tests and socio-economic status based on percentage of FR school meals for students in the 50%-59% FR meal category vs students in the 90%-100% FR meal category (P = .017). Focus groups showed that RDN educators were empowered in the classroom and had better management than DI educators; taste-testing is a critical component for both RDN/DI educators. Conclusions This study adds to limited data comparing effectiveness of RDN/DI educators in nutrition education. Results will be used to inform DI training, improve MUNEP participant experience related to knowledge and behavior change, and to improve MUNEP experience in needy schools. Funding Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Education.
Luther H. Martin and Donald Wiebe, eds, Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-Five Years

Luther H. Martin and Donald Wiebe, eds, Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-Five Years (London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2017), xi + 260 pp. $102.60 (hbk). ISBN: 978-1-35003-246- 0; $39.95 (pbk). ISBN: 978-1-35010-592-8; $102.60 (PDF eBook). ISBN: 978-1-35003-247-7.
UNUSUAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF MYOCARDITIS MIMICKING AN AORTIC RUN-OFF LESION

Holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta by spectral Doppler at the level of the diaphragm is indicative of an aortic run-off lesion or severe aortic regurgitation. A 3 year old boy presented with 8 days of fever, conjunctivitis, dry mucous membranes and rash. Labs showed high