cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey on Infection Status of HEV among 812 Employees in Food Trade in Yantai City

[Objective]To investigate the infection status of HEV among employees in food trade(including food processing,catering trade and public place),provide basis for making the standard of physical examinations for employees,in order to prevent and control hepatitis E.[Methods]The history of hepatitis E was investigated in food trade employees who had received the preventive physical examinations from June to July 2010.Collect 5 ml venous blood,separate blood serum and test ALT,anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM.[Results]812 people were investigated,and the HEV infection rate was 24.01%.The levels of ALT were all within the normal range.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 22.78%,the positive rate of female was higher than that of male,and the positive rate in the over 40 years age group was the highest.The positive rate of employees in food processing was higher than that of employees in catering trade and public place.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgM was 1.23%.[Conclusion]The results indicated that there was HEV transmission from food trade employees in Yantai city,which could threaten the public health.It is suggested that standard of physical examinations for employees should be further revised.
In Vivo Imaging of the Dynamics of Different Variants of EGFR in Glioblastomas

A number of altered pathways in cancer cells depend on growth factor receptors. The amplification/alteration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a significant role in enhancing tumor burden in a number of tumors, including malignant glioblastomas (GBM). To dissect the role of EGFR expression in tumor progression in mouse models of cancer and ultimately evaluate targeted therapies, it is necessary to visualize the dynamics of EGFR in real time in vivo. Non-invasive imaging based on quantitative and qualitative changes in light emission by fluorescent and bioluminescent markers offers a huge potential to facilitate drug development. Multiple approaches could be used to follow a molecular target or pathway with the fusion of a bioluminescent-fluorescent marker. This unit describes a protocol for simultaneously imaging EGFR activity and progression of GBM in a mouse model. Human glioma cells transduced with lentiviral vectors bearing different combinations of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins either fused to EGFR or expressed alone can be grown as monolayers and maintained over several passages. The unit begins with a method for transducing glioma cells with lentiviral vectors for stable expression of these fluorescent and bioluminescent markers in vitro, followed by transplantation of engineered glioma cells in mice, and, finally, sequential bioluminescent imaging of EGFR expression and GBM progression in mice. The protocol details characterization of engineered glioma cells in culture, surgical preparation, craniotomy, cell implantation, animal recovery, and imaging procedures to study kinetics of EGFR expression and GBM progression.
Muscle myeloid type I interferon gene expression may predict therapeutic responses to rituximab in myositis patients.

Objective To identify muscle gene expression patterns that predict rituximab responses and assess the effects of rituximab on muscle gene expression in PM and DM. Methods In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanism of response and non-response to rituximab therapy, we performed Affymetrix gene expression array analyses on muscle biopsy specimens taken before and after rituximab therapy from eight PM and two DM patients in the Rituximab in Myositis study. We also analysed selected muscle-infiltrating cell phenotypes in these biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. Partek and Ingenuity pathway analyses assessed the gene pathways and networks. Results Myeloid type I IFN signature genes were expressed at higher levels at baseline in the skeletal muscle of rituximab responders than in non-responders, whereas classic non-myeloid IFN signature genes were expressed at higher levels in non-responders at baseline. Also, rituximab responders have a greater reduction of the myeloid and non-myeloid type I IFN signatures than non-responders. The decrease in the type I IFN signature following administration of rituximab may be associated with the decreases in muscle-infiltrating CD19(+) B cells and CD68(+) macrophages in responders. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high levels of myeloid type I IFN gene expression in skeletal muscle predict responses to rituximab in PM/DM and that rituximab responders also have a greater decrease in the expression of these genes. These data add further evidence to recent studies defining the type I IFN signature as both a predictor of therapeutic responses and a biomarker of myositis disease activity.
Helical tomotherapy for bilateral breast cancer: Clinical experience.

Abstract We report our initial clinical experience with using Helical tomotherapy to irradiate the bilateral breasts/chest-wall and regional nodes. Methods The records of patients who received bilateral irradiation of the breast/chest-wall and regional nodes with tomotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes for tumor and normal tissues were assessed. Results From August 2011 to January 2016, nine women were identified; median age 52 years (range 37–74), mean follow up was 10.3 months (range 0.3–34). In two patients, tomotherapy represented re-irradiation to one side. All received regional nodal irradiation. The average lung V20 was 29% (range 25–35), average lung V5 was 66% (range 51–75). Average heart mean dose was 20 Gy (range 13–28). Normal tissue outcomes Acute toxicity during radiation included dysphagia (5/9), fatigue (4/9), nausea and weight loss (1/9) and skin desquamation (9/9). Two patients were lost to long follow-up and one patient recently completed treatment. Longer-term toxicity included: pneumonitis (1/6), elevated liver function tests (1/6) and sternal osteonecrosis (1/6; in patient with prior sternal surgery). Conclusions Despite the small numbers of patients and relatively short follow-up, significant clinical toxicities were observed. Given the rarity of this situation and relatively high rate of complications in this small series, considerable care should be taken in minimizing dose to normal structures. Longer follow up with larger numbers of patients will be needed to establish safe dosimetric parameters for bilateral breasts/chest wall and nodal irradiation with tomotherapy.
History of Insect Pathology

The long history of insect pathology, from the observations of Aristotle more than 2000 years ago to the many useful products derived from insect pathogens today, gives us an appreciation of the potential utility of these organisms. This chapter explores the history of discoveries of insect pathogens and the scientists who were responsible for the discoveries. In addition, the development of insect pathology as a discipline including the early commercialization of microbial control products, events that brought scientists together and advanced the field, and some novel and unexpected uses of insect pathogens are covered.
The Role of Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography for Quantifying Boron-10 in Vivo Using the Fructose Complex of Fluorine-18 Labeled Boronophenylalanine

One of the major difficulties facing successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is the paucity of in vivo pharmacokinetic data.1 Analytical techniques such as prompt gamma analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and resonance ionization spectroscopy are simply not applicable to the in vivo detection of boron.2 To address this problem, both positron emission tomography (PET)3,4 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)5 techniques for the in vivo detection of boronated compounds are being developed. Nuclear medicine diagnostic techniques such as PET have proven to be extremely valuable in evaluating a variety of physiological parameters including the pharmacokinetic behavior of therapeutic agents.6,7,8 In fact, over nine thousand patients have been evaluated at The University of Tennessee utilizing PET since 1989.
Multiscale modeling of deformation and fracture in metallic materials

This chapter discusses multiscale modeling methods for the study of deformation and fracture in metallic materials. Both atomistic and dislocation dynamics modeling are outlined in the context of problems in materials failure. In particular, molecular statics and dynamics models are described as applied to polycrystalline samples of random grain orientations and grain sizes in the nanometer regime. The application of dislocation dynamical models to mesoscale dislocation dynamics is then presented. Finally, dislocation pattern formation at various length scales is discussed as an illustration of multiscale modeling.
Reflector antennas: An antenna topology that never gets old

Reflector antennas are perhaps the most recognized type of antennas with vast applications in satellite communications, radars, wireless communications, remote sensing, planetary missions, radio astronomy and others. Typical frequency ranges of operations have been as low as the P-band, microwave, millimeter wave, and as high as THz and optical. Reflector antenna designs have evolved from simple single reflector topology with a solid surface to sophisticated mesh reflector antennas with multiple non-conical surfaces. The basic role of a reflector antenna is to confine most of the electromagnetic energy captured over their apertures into a focal plane or redirect the radiated field of the feed into the far field. This invited paper focuses on a concise history of reflector antenna evolution over an extended historical time span and links it to the modern and challenging recent developments and applications. The author has particularly confined the material to the areas that have influenced his research activities.
Going for Gold: Social Media and the USOC

The purpose of this study was to examine the social media guidelines established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which are enforced by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). Specifically, this paper explored the relationship between the USOC, IOC, and the USOC athletes with regard to Rule 40 of the IOC, which regulates athlete social media use and expression of non-Olympic sponsors. This study was guided by two underlying questions: Does the social media policy from the IOC and USOC violate an American athlete’s constitutional rights granted under the first amendment of the Constitution? And, when the United States Congress officially recognized the USOC in 1978, did it recognize a federally created monopoly on Olympic participation for athletes from the United States?
Persistent coronavirus infection of progenitor oligodendrocytes.

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a prototype of murine coronavirus. It can infect rodents and causes enteritis, hepatitis, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Infection of mouse CNS with neurovirulent MHV strains usually results in acute encephalitis followed by demyelination.1,2 If the majority of the virus can be cleared from the CNS, encephalitis then resolves; if mice survive the acute phase, demyelination develops. Although acute demyelination can be detected histologically as early as 6 days postinfection (p.i.), extensive demyelination is often not seen until 4 weeks p.i.3 However, infectious virus can no longer be isolated from the CNS at this time, although viral RNAs continue to persist in the CNS for more than one year, during which time period demyelination is concomitantly detectable.4,5 The correlation between viral RNA persistence and demyelination in the CNS suggests that viral persistence may be a prerequisite for the development of CNS demyelination. However, virtually nothing is known as to how viral persistence contributes to demyelination. Previous studies attempted to establish an in vitro system of glial or fibroblast cell culture for viral persistence.6,7 Unfortunately, the persistent infection established in these cells is productive, i.e., generation of infectious viruses with significant virus liters. This type of persistence does not reflect on the infection of animal CNS. Recently we established a persistent MHV infection in a progenitor rat oligodendrocyte. We showed that MHV RNAs were continuously detected in infected cells of more than 20 passages. However, no infectious virus could be isolated from these cells. This phenomenon resembles the persistent, nonproductive infection in animal CNS. To understand the molecular basis of viral persistence in host cells, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of the persistently infected cells by using DNA microarray technology and RT-PCR. We found that the expression of a substantial number of cellular genes was altered by viral persistence. Interestingly, although persistently infected progenitor cells could be induced to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, the number of dendrites and level of myelin basic protein were markedly reduced in persistent cells. This finding indicates that MHV persistence has an inhibitory effect on oligodendrocyte differentiation and dendrite outgrowth and provides the first direct evidence linking viral persistence to demyelination.
The Sexual Identity Timeline: A Reflection Tool for Developing Competence in Counseling

ABSTRACTGreater attention to sexual identity development from an inclusive and affirmative perspective must be incorporated into counselor education training. Counselors are well positioned to address issues related to human sexuality; however, without reflection across the spectrum of sexuality-related issues, counselors may rely on personal bias, or they may choose to avoid the topic altogether. In order to adequately train counselors, it is important to identify learning activities that counselor educators can utilize. Given the significance of sexuality across the lifespan, we propose that counselor educators actively guide their students through reflection about their own sexual identity development. This article presents the Sexual Identity Timeline (SIT) as a reflective learning activity to incorporate into the counseling curriculum.
A Qualitative Study Designed to Build an Experiential Education Curriculum for Practice-Ready Community Pharmacy-Bound Students

Objective. To design an experiential education curriculum that sequentially and deliberately prepares community pharmacy-bound graduates to practice at the level of the care provider and display the skills needed to be a pharmacist-in-charge. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with community pharmacy stakeholders. Transcriptions from the interviews were analyzed to identify common themes in needed community pharmacy training for core and elective advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The themes were used to distinguish key elements of a community pharmacy experiential education curriculum that would meet the project objective. Results. Forty-two individuals were interviewed: 11 were interviewed individually and 31 in focus groups, with each group comprising two to six individuals. There were 11 focus groups. Theme analysis allowed differentiation of activities and performance levels for the community pharmacy introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) and the core APPE as well as the goal of the core APPE for all program graduates. Participants identified two important elective APPEs for students planning to practice in community pharmacy after graduation: an advanced patient care experience and a management experience. Participants emphasized the importance of sequencing the core and advanced elective APPEs so that the advanced electives could build upon the skills demonstrated in the core APPE. Participants identified knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for practice-readiness upon graduation. Conclusion. The identified experiential education curriculum for students planning to practice in the community pharmacy setting upon graduation will prepare them to provide care to complex community-dwelling patients and function as a pharmacist-in-charge in this setting.
Development of the Multiple Gene Knockout System with One-Step PCR in Thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.

Multiple gene knockout systems developed in the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius are powerful genetic tools. However, plasmid construction typically requires several steps. Alternatively, PCR tailing for high-throughput gene disruption was also developed in S. acidocaldarius, but repeated gene knockout based on PCR tailing has been limited due to lack of a genetic marker system. In this study, we demonstrated efficient homologous recombination frequency (2.8 × 104 ± 6.9 × 103 colonies/μg DNA) by optimizing the transformation conditions. This optimized protocol allowed to develop reliable gene knockout via double crossover using short homologous arms and to establish the multiple gene knockout system with one-step PCR (MONSTER). In the MONSTER, a multiple gene knockout cassette was simply and rapidly constructed by one-step PCR without plasmid construction, and the PCR product can be immediately used for target gene deletion. As an example of the applications of this strategy, we successfully made a DNA photolyase- (phr-) and arginine decarboxylase- (argD-) deficient strain of S. acidocaldarius. In addition, an agmatine selection system consisting of an agmatine-auxotrophic strain and argD marker was also established. The MONSTER provides an alternative strategy that enables the very simple construction of multiple gene knockout cassettes for genetic studies in S. acidocaldarius.
Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Growth of Colletotrichum spp. In Vitro

Colletotrichum acutatum is responsible for anthracnose fruit rot, one of the most devastating diseases in strawberry. Phenolic compounds have been described as contributors to anthracnose resistance in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.). Six isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum and four isolates of three other Colletotrichum species, C. gloeosporioides, C. fragariae, and C. graminicola, associated with disease symptoms were investigated in this study. The potential inhibitory effect of phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid), flavonoids (catechin, quercetin, naringenin), and ellagic acid, which are naturally found in strawberry, were screened against two different spore suspension concentrations of the Colletotrichum isolates at 5, 10, 50 mM in vitro. Among the phenolic acids and flavonoids tested in this study, only trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid inhibited fungal growth. The inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent but also varied with the spore suspension concentration of the isolates. The results demonstrated that trans-cinnamic acid had the greatest inhibitory effect on all Colletotrichum spp. isolates tested.
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Compression in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis (P1.318)

Objective: To review a unique case of idiopathic inflammatory spinal cord compression in a patient with newly diagnosed tuberculosis Background: Spinal cord compression in spinal tuberculosis has characteristic radiographic and pathological findings. In case of atypical presentations, other differential diagnoses have to be evaluated. Design/Methods: Retrospective review of a case of extramedullary/extradural spinal cord compression in a patient with newly diagnosed tuberculosis Results: A 43-year old male presented with a 6-month history of progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and increasing back pain. His clinical examination revealed a strength of 0/5 in bilateral lower extremities and 4-/5 in bilateral upper extremities. There was sensory loss to all modalities below T10 spinal level and reduced sensation was also noted in the C5–C8 dermatomal distribution. Reflexes were 1+ in bilateral upper and lower extremities without pathologic reflexes. MRI revealed two prominent extramedullary/extradural mass lesions (T10/T11 and C3) involving soft tissue, posterior elements and extending into the adjacent epidural region causing cord compression. Patient underwent posterior laminectomy for both lesions and had regained significant strength one month after surgery. During the hospital admission, patient tested positive for tuberculosis despite prior normal screening tests. Biopsy studies of both masses revealed inflammatory infiltrate that was predominantly composed of T lymphocytes with minor components of B lymphocytes and plasma cells without granulomatous changes. Additional special stains by Ziehl-Nelsen acid fast stain and Auramine-rhodamine stain were negative for mycobacterial infection. IgG4 immunostaining was not consistent with IgG4-related hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis. Work-up for other infections and malignancies was also negative Conclusions: Spinal cord compression from extradural/extramedullary lesions has a broad differential even for patients with tuberculosis. This case presented with radiological and pathological findings that were atypical for spinal tuberculosis. In case of idiopathic inflammatory compression myelopathy, surgical intervention with close monitoring is warranted to improve functional outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Agashe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fang has nothing to disclose.
A Qualitative Analysis of Disclosing Sexual Victimization by #NotOkay During the 2016 Presidential Election

Abstract This study sought to characterize disclosures of sexual victimization using the Twitter hashtag #NotOkay, which emerged before the 2016 presidential election. A random sample of 777 original English language tweets that contained the hashtag “#NotOkay” were garnered through NCapture software over a 5-day period. Content analysis was conducted using NVivo software. Only tweets that reflected personal disclosures of sexual victimization were included in the analysis. Disclosures included seven major themes pertaining to the characteristics of the assault(s), including (1) a description of the perpetrator; (2) type of assault; (3) age at the time of victimization; (4) location of the assault; (5) perpetrator tactics; (6) beliefs about why the assault occurred; and (7) the emotional impact on the victim. This study identified several common themes in the content of sexual assault disclosure on Twitter. Future research can explore whether social media is a cathartic platform for disclosure and how res...
Growth of Higher Education in India: Regulatory Complexity and Funding Policy Ambiguity

Discussions and debate on reforming higher education system in India, especially the regulatory mechanism and funding policy gained prominence in the recent past. The National Knowledge Commission Report (2007) on reforms in education, triggered setting up of the expert committee under Prof. Yash Pal to advise the Government of India on renovation and rejuvenation of higher education. The Yash Pal Committee submitted its report in 2009. Based on the recommendations of this committee, the Government of India is now planning to introduce a Bill proposing major reforms in the higher education system. This paper discusses the issues on regulatory system and funding of higher education in the light of the developments mentioned above.
Warehouses on wheels

A typical depiction of a logistics corporation is a study in bright lights and blurred lines against a static landscape of territorial sovereignty. It celebrates—as in the slogan touted by the frei...
Influences of the invasive tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on avian diets along the Dolores River in Southwestern Colorado USA

The tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), introduced from Eurasia in 2001 as a biological control agent for the invasive plant Tamarix ramosissima, has spread widely throughout the western USA. With D. carinulata now very abundant, scientists and restoration managers have questioned what influence this introduced arthropod might have upon the avian component of riparian ecosystems. From 2009 through 2012 we studied the consequences of biological invasions of the introduced tamarisk shrub and tamarisk leaf beetles on the diets of native birds along the Dolores River in southwestern Colorado, USA. We examined avian foraging behavior, sampled the arthropod community, documented bird diets and the use of invasive tamarisk shrubs and tamarisk leaf beetles by birds. We documented D. carinulata abundance, on what plants the beetles occurred, and to what degree they were consumed by birds as compared to other arthropods. We hypothesized that if D. carinulata is an important new avian food source, birds should consume beetles at least in proportion to their abundance. We also hypothesized that birds should forage more in tamarisk in the late summer when tamarisk leaf beetle larvae are more abundant than in early summer, and that birds should select beetle-damaged tamarisk shrubs. We found that D. carinulata composed 24.0 percent (± 19.9–27.4%) and 35.4% biomass of all collected arthropods. From the gut contents of 188 birds (25 passerine species), only four species (n = 11 birds) contained tamarisk leaf beetle parts. Although D. carinulata comprised one-quarter of total insect abundance, frequency of occurrence in bird gut contents was only 2.1% by abundance and 3.4% biomass. Birds used tamarisk shrubs for foraging in proportion to their availability, but foraging frequency did not increase during the late summer when more tamarisk leaf beetles were present and birds avoided beetle-damaged tamarisk shrubs. Despite D. carinulata being the most abundant arthropod in the environment, these invasive beetles were not frequently consumed by birds and seem not to provide a significant contribution to avian diets.
Health Insurance in Historical Perspective, I: Foundations of Historical Analysis

This article introduces the history of ideas about American health policy and especially health insurance. It opens with the discussion of several historical frameworks and provides elements of a taxonomy of both researchers and advocates of various forms of health insurance. It then describes the early history of thought and advocacy in the context of the social politics that emerged in the early-twentieth century and persisted until the late-1960s and early-1970s. It takes up underlying notions of social solidarity, their tensions, and their relevance to health insurance. It describes the emergence of a market-oriented perspective and its corrosive effects on ideas about social solidarity. The next article explores the history of market-based health care.
humanized mice to study FcγR function.

Passive immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic intervention for a number of neoplastic, chronic inflammatory, and infectious diseases, with several monoclonal antibodies currently under development or already in use in the clinic. While Fab–antigen interactions play a crucial role in the activity of an antibody, it has become clear that Fc-mediated effector functions are involved during antibody-mediated activities in vivo. A complete understanding of the contributions of effector activities mediated by an antibody during its in vivo function is required for the development of antibodies with improved therapeutic efficacies. Animal models that are commonly used for the preclinical evaluation of antibodies include murine and non-human primate species, whose FcγRs present substantial structural, functional, and genetic variation compared with their human counterparts. Therefore, the use of such animal models provides limited information on the role of human IgG Fc–FcγR interactions during the in vivo activities of antibodies intended for human therapeutics. In this chapter, we describe the development and evaluation of an FcγR-humanized mouse model for the study of human FcγR function in vivo. In this model, endogenous mouse FcγR genes have been deleted and human FcγRs are expressed as transgenes that faithfully recapitulate the unique pattern of human FcγR expression. Evaluation of the in vivo activities of a number of cytotoxic or therapeutic antibodies using FcγR-humanized mice provided useful insights into human IgG Fc effector function. This mouse model has become a vital preclinical model for testing therapeutic human antibodies to treat malignancies, autoimmunity, inflammation, and infectious disease.
Concerted Feedback Inhibition MODIFIER-INDUCED OLIGOMERIZATION OF THE PSEUDOMON AS FLUORESCENS ASPARTOKINASE

Abstract Concerted feedback inhibition of aspartokinase activity from Pseudomonas fluorescens by the combination of l-threonine and l-lysine, or by l-threonine and l-methionine was freely and rapidly reversible. Inhibition by l-threonine, or by the concerted pairs of amino acids was kinetically "mixed" with respect to l-aspartate and noncompetitive with regard to ATP. In the presence of l-threonine the Stokes radius of the enzyme increased from 44 to 49 A; a much larger value of about 56 A was estimated when both l-threonine and l-lysine were added to the enzyme. The same amino acids increased the Stokes radius of the enzyme at 15° in buffer solutions containing ATP, l-aspartate, and Mg2+, the substrates of the phosphorylation reaction, indicating that the larger molecular species were catalytically inactive. Although in phosphate buffer at 25° the combination of l-threonine plus l-methionine did not show an additional increment in the molecular radius over that seen in l-threonine alone, the same combination induced a large change (from 49 to 54 A) in the buffer containing the substrates at 15°. l-Threonine, and a combination of l-threonine plus l-lysine also increased the s20,w value of the aspartokinase by about 50%; whereas, a 10% increase in the S value was noted in l-lysine alone. The cumulative results strongly suggest that the inhibitory amino acids caused oligomerization of the enzyme. Since the inhibition of enzyme activity accompanied the structural alterations of the protein and a good correlation was seen between the degree of inhibition and the extent of enzyme oligomerization under similar experimental conditions, it is proposed that the mechanism of inhibition by l-threonine and by the concerted pairs of amino acid end products may involve modifier-induced formation of inactive enzyme oligomers.
Quantitative description of fluid flows produced by left-right cilia in zebrafish.

Abstract Motile cilia generate directional flows that move mucus through airways, cerebrospinal fluid through brain ventricles, and oocytes through fallopian tubes. In addition, specialized monocilia beat in a rotational pattern to create asymmetric flows that are involved in establishing the left–right (LR) body axis during embryogenesis. These monocilia, which we refer to as “left–right cilia,” produce a leftward flow of extraembryonic fluid in a transient “organ of asymmetry” that directs asymmetric signaling and development of LR asymmetries in the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract. The asymmetric flows are thought to establish a chemical gradient and/or activate mechanosensitive cilia to initiate calcium ion signals and a conserved Nodal (TGFβ) pathway on the left side of the embryo, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. The zebrafish organ of asymmetry, called Kupffer's vesicle, provides a useful model system for investigating LR cilia and cilia-powered fluid flows. Here, we describe methods to visualize flows in Kupffer's vesicle using fluorescent microspheres and introduce a new and freely available MATLAB particle tracking code to quantitatively describe these flows. Analysis of normal and aberrant flows indicates this approach is useful for characterizing flow properties that impact LR asymmetry and may be more broadly applicable for quantifying other cilia flows.
The Passing of the Prairie by a Fossil: Biographical Sketches of Central Iowa Pioneers and Civil War Veterans

Review of: "The Passing of the Prairie by a Fossil: Biographical Sketches of Central Iowa Pioneers & Civil War Veterans," by Nehemias Tjernagel and edited by Margaret Harstad Matzke.
c-KIT-Positive Fatal Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis With Systemic Manifestations in a Neonate

Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare variant of mastocytosis in the neonatal period. We describe a case of c-KIT (DV) mutation-positive fatal diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with systemic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and associated malabsorption and hepatosplenomegaly associated with mast cell mediator release symptoms.
Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording’s Extensibility to High Linear and Areal Density

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is being developed as the next generation magnetic recording technology. Critical components of this technology, such as the plasmonic near-field transducer and high anisotropy granular FePt media, as well as recording demonstrations and fully integrated drives have been reported. One of the remaining ongoing challenges of magnetic recording in general and HAMR in particular has been the demonstration of high linear density recording, approaching the grain-size (GS) limit of the recording media, and a clear pathway to smaller GSs while maintaining good magnetic properties and distributions. This paper will demonstrate the extensibility of FePt-based media down to the 5 nm center-to-center range. A linear recording density of 3000 kilobits per inch (kbpi), or a bit length of 8.5 nm, approaching the GS limit of this media, has been demonstrated on recording media with a slightly larger GS of 7 nm center-to-center, and using an HAMR head with high thermal gradient >10 K/nm. Key parameters of the media include the microstructure, the thermal design and magnetic properties, most importantly the tradeoff between achievable GS, media moment–thickness product, Mrt, and the distributions of the magnetic switching field and the Curie temperature. Further optimizing the composition, growth, and architecture of the media stack to achieve all the prerequisite magnetic and thermal properties for high signal-to-noise ratios in the smallest demonstrated GS media allows linear recording densities of up to 4000 kbpi, and areal densities in the 3–4 tera-bits-per-square-inch range can be extrapolated based on geometrical scaling.
Opioid-Related Outcomes in West Virginia, 2008–2016

Objectives. To examine opioid-related outcomes by using hospitalization and mortality data as an indicator of the current opioid crisis in West Virginia.Methods. We used data from the West Virginia University Medicine health care system to examine the trend in opioid overdoses and percentage of patients with a repeat overdose from 2008 to 2016. We obtained the opioid overdose death rate for the state from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) mortality data for 2008 to 2016.Results. The hospitalization rate for opioid overdoses increased (13%) on average each year in a similar fashion to the opioid overdose death rate for the state (12%) between 2008 and 2016. During the same time, the percentage of patients with a repeat opioid overdose increased annually by 13% on average.Conclusions. There continues to be a surge of opioid overdoses in West Virginia. These findings suggest a need to amplify comprehensive prevention and treatment efforts ...
Pitfalls of Global Harmonization of Systemic Risk Regulation in a World of Financial Innovation

The working hypothesis of international financial regulation is that it should be globally harmonized. This paper contends, to the contrary, that we should be wary about the efficacy of global harmonization, and in particular, harmonization of systemic risk measurement and regulation. The thesis is informed by what I consider two key lessons from the recent global financial crisis. The first lesson is that, when business strategies that internationally-harmonized regulation induces banks to follow go seriously awry, the adverse consequences will spread globally and not be limited to one regulator’s domain. The second lesson is that, innovations in financial technology that have been engines of prosperity across the globe also may contain the seeds of financial calamity with imprudent use and regulatory inattention. In addition, three kinds of uncertainty operate in this context: i) uncertainty regarding how best to define and measure systemic risk; (ii), dynamic uncertainty, that financial institutions respond to regulation in unpredictable ways that tend to undermine regulatory effectiveness; and (iii) radical uncertainty, that we do not know all possible future states of the financial system and therefore cannot compute the probabilities of outcomes that would be necessary for informing rules regarding systemic risk measures. The uncertainty in the regulatory context, in conjunction with the lessons from the crisis, suggest that a value-added international regulatory strategy would foster at least a modicum of diversity across national regulatory regimes, along with periodic updating of global standards. At the national level, they suggest adopting a dual-pronged regulatory approach that focuses regulators’ attention on monitoring developments in short-term debt markets, leverage levels, and the impact of new financial products and services, as well as on promoting experimentation, to better inform regulatory decisionmaking.
Superfluid Helium Experiment for Spacelab 2

Development of the Space Shuttle will make it relatively easy for scientists to conduct experiments in space. Recognizing this fact, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency have jointly developed the Spacelab as a facility for use by scientists. The first two Spacelab flights are scheduled for 1983. Of the thirteen experiments selected for Spacelab 2, two will use superfluid helium as a cryogen. This paper describes an experiment (entitled Superfluid Helium Experiment or SFHE) to study the properties of superfluid helium in zero gravity and demonstrate operation of a versatile, reusable superfluid helium experiment facility. The second experiment, the Small Infrared Telescope Experiment, which has been described elsewhere [1], will use superfluid helium as a cryogen to cool the telescope to 2 to 3 K.
The Effect of Chess on Standardized Test Score Gains

The study compares the standardized test performance of “chess kids” versus their peers. The comparison of score gains to non-chess peers (same grade and same academic percentile) attempts to elimi...
Educating Professionals for Social Systems Intervention

Twice in the past decade, I have put on paper my observations on the development of a novel Ph.D. training program, one that has been explicitly oriented toward social change and community research. These earlier thoughts encompassed, respectively, the initiation and ideological-conceptual underpinnings of the program (Tornatzky, Fairweather, & O’Kelly, 1970), and some of its adolescent crises and growing pains (Tornatzky, 1976). Now, after 9 1/2 years of association with the Ecological Psychology Program of Michigan State University, I once again feel compelled to share participant-observation data, and advice, on how to create and run such programs.
Status quo and influencing factors of specific psychological reaction in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective To investigate the status quo of specific psychological reaction in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 243 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia selected by simple random sampling were investigated with the general data questionnaire and process outcome specific measure (POSM) . Results The score of the Chinese version of the POSM was (34.60±7.464) with high scores in worrying about family planning, sexual life, cancerization and health. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of POSM among patients with different ages, ways of medical payments, marital status, and whether they had kids and diseases (P<0.05) . The multiple linear regression showed that ages and disease classification were the main influencing factors of the level of specific psychological reaction of patients. Conclusions Patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are with specific psychological reaction. Nursing staff in clinical nursing should pay attention to mental status in young and low grade patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, provide specific nursing intervention and promote physical and mental health of patients. Key words: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Psychological reaction; Influencing factors
Electromagnetic assisted thermal processing of amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys: Fundamentals and advances

Abstract Controllable and fast heating profiles provide unique capabilities to realize enhanced soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials in conventional nanocrystalline alloys, as well as alloy chemistries for which carefully controlled annealing processes play a critical role in realizing desired properties tailored within a large degree of flexibility. This review aims to identify the fundamental physical phenomena in rapid thermal processing of amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys and to provide a comprehensive summary on the progress made to improve their performance, with an emphasis on processing in electromagnetic fields. The review begins with general background on fundamental concepts of electromagnetic heating and aspects of heat transfer followed by a detailed description of rapid thermal processing techniques employed over the relevant frequency range. These include; Joule heating, induction heating, microwave heating, and laser-assisted surface heating. In addition, traditional methods enabling high heating rates are included and reviewed accordingly. Influences of processing parameters and the detailed mechanism of heating are discussed with an assessment of experimental observations reported in the literature and further validated by simulations. Phase transformations and crystallization processes are discussed in the context of nucleation and growth kinetics, with a demonstration of thermal processing routes and alloy design. A critical evaluation of structural and magnetic properties are provided, and the underlying role of heating rates and magnetic anisotropies are highlighted. An outlook for future development trends and a number of challenges in this field are presented.
Determining Youth Intentional Fatal Drug Intoxication: The Case for a Psychological Autopsy to Complement the Medical Examiner’s Report

Opioids and cocaine are the leading drugs for fatal drug intoxication (FDI). Manner of death may be accidental (i.e., unintentional); suicide (i.e., intentional), or undetermined. Difficulties of t...
3D-printed cartridge system for in-flow photo-oxygenation of 7-aminothienopyridinones

Abstract A 3D-printed polypropylene (PP) continuous-photoflow cell based on a modular cartridge system was developed for the photo-oxygenation of 7-aminothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-ones, using ambient air as the sole co-reactant. This strategy takes advantage of the versatility of 3D-printing to construct cost-effective meso-scale reactors. In addition to scalability, a short residence time (tR 2 min) in 100-W blue LED light that minimizes the formation of dark, insoluble decomposition products is a tangible benefit of this technology.
Advances in understanding immune mechanisms of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.

Abstract Objective This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms of food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Data Sources To capture recent articles published since our previous comprehensive review on the pathophysiology of FPIES, we performed a literature search through PubMed database, using the search terms FPIES and food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome from 2016 to the current year. Study Selections Studies in English containing biomarker or immune data were reviewed and summarized. Results Studies of peripheral blood fail to exhibit evidence of antigen-specific humoral or cellular immunity underlying clinical reactivity to foods in FPIES. However, growing evidence suggests a robust systemic innate immune activation occurring during FPIES reactions and the activation of neuroendocrine pathways. Conclusion FPIES reactions are associated with marked activation of innate immune and neuroendocrine pathways; however, the mechanism underlying the specific recognition of foods remains elusive.
Outcomes of carotid interventions in women

Abstract Owing to the risk of debilitating stroke associated with carotid artery atherosclerotic disease, early recognition and timely intervention can prevent morbidity as well as mortality associated with this condition. Women are at higher risk of experiencing a debilitating stroke or dying from stroke compared with men. While medical management of atherosclerotic disease, including lifestyle modification with smoking cessation and weight loss, pharmacologic therapy with aspirin and statins, as well as hypertension and glycemic control, can improve outcomes, the risk of stroke and death persists. Interestingly, women are treated less aggressively for vascular disease compared with men, probably due to the lower incidence of smoking, diabetes, and coronary artery atherosclerotic disease in women. Consequently, women tend to present with more advanced disease. Surgical intervention for carotid artery disease, including carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting, has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in both sexes. However, earlier landmark trials have proposed less benefit of these procedures in women (even if symptomatic) with higher complication rates, although these studies were underpowered, with women being only one-third of the study population. In addition, women made up the minority of study populations in trials introducing transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). Global availability of treatment options for carotid disease for women is still evolving, and large prospective trials are needed, which focus specifically on outcomes in women.