cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diethyl azodicarboxylate oxidation of some carcinogenic arylhydroxylamines to nitroso derivatives.

Eine schnelle und wirksame Methode fur die Oxydation von N, 1- und N, 2-Naphthylhydroxylamin und N, 4-Biphenylhydroxylamin wird beschrieben, bei der diese Hydroxylamine durch Diethylazodicarboxylat zu den entsprechenden Nitrosoderivaten, in hoher Ausbeute umgewandelt werden.
Fabrication of multiphasic and regio-specifically functionalized PRINT® particles of controlled size and shape

Using Particle Replication In Nonwetting Templates (PRINT ® ) technology, multiphasic and regio-specifically functionalized shape-controlled particles have been fabricated that include end-labeled particles via post- functionalization; biphasic Janus particles that integrate two compositionally different chemistries into a single particle; and more complex multiphasic shape-specific particles. Controlling the anisotropic distribution of matter within a particle creates an extra parameter in the colloidal particle design, providing opportunities to generate advanced particles with versatile and tunable compositions, properties, and thus functionalities. Owing to their robust characteristics, these multiphasic and regio-specifically functionalized PRINT particles should be promising platforms for applications in life science and materials science.
EPICHLOË SPECIES: Fungal Symbionts of Grasses

▪ Abstract Epichloe species and their asexual descendants (Acremonium endophytes) are fungal symbionts of C3 grasses that span the symbiotic continuum from antagonism to mutualism depending on the relative importance, respectively, of horizontal transmission of sexual spores versus vertical clonal transmission in healthy grass seeds. At least seven sexual Epichloe species are identifiable by mating tests, and many asexual genotypes are interspecific hybrids. Benefits conferred by the symbionts on host plants include protection from biotic factors and abiotic stresses such as drought. Four classes of beneficial alkaloids are associated with the symbionts: ergot alkaloids, indolediterpenes (lolitrems), peramine, and saturated aminopyrrolizidines (lolines). These alkaloids protect host plants from insect and vertebrate herbivores, including livestock. Genetic engineering of the fungal symbionts as more suitable biological protectants for forage grasses requires identification of fungal genes for alkaloid bio...
Influence of environmental factors on the physiological condition and hepatic ethoxyresorufin o‐deethylase (erod) activity of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor seasonal cytochrome P4501A monooxygenase (MO) activity (measured as ethoxyresorufin O deethylase (EROD) activity) in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Basal EROD activity declined in midsummer but returned to postspawning spring levels by late summer Seasonal variation in basal EROD activity corresponded with changes in liver somatic index, condition factor, and percent body lipid, indicating that seasonal variation in basal field EROD activity may result from changing physiological condition Benzo[a]pyrene induction experiments demonstrated that, although the level of EROD activity changed seasonally, the magnitude of induction relative to corn oil injected controls remained the same Kinetic studies indicated monthly changes in apparent Vmax but no change in apparent Km Taken together, these results suggest that seasonal changes in EROD activity reflect changes in hepatic P4501A protein concentration This study has demonstrated that it can be inappropriate to interpret EROD activity from a suspect site without first understanding how seasonal field conditions influence P4501A activity
Abnormalities in the tracheal gills of aquatic insects collected from streams receiving chlorinated or crude oil wastes

SUMMARY. Altered tracheal gills were found on some specimens of Phasganophora capitata (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and net-spinning caddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) collected from streams in New York State. At one location only the basal portion remained of the normally highly-branched structures. At another location the gills were impregnated with a tar-like substance. Chlorine and crude oil are the suspected causal agents.
A comparative study of CyberCIEGE game and Department of Defense Information Assurance Awareness video

A pilot study comparing the educational effectiveness of CyberCIEGE game and Department of Defense Information Assurance Awareness video was conducted in an undergraduate Introduction to Computer System Security course. The students in this class were split into two groups, with one group playing the game and the other group watching the video. The students in both groups were given a pre-test before using the training tools and were given a post-test after two weeks of using the tools. The student pre-test/post-test scores, the student answers to post-test questions and the student survey results are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Future work includes a more thorough assessment of the effectiveness of Cyber-CIEGE game compared to DoD IAA video.
The Neighbourhood Unit Concept and the Shaping of Land Planning in the United States 1912–1968

Although one of the more well-known concepts in planning, both planning scholars and professional communities such as the New Urbanism have neglected the neighbourhood unit concept's historic influence in shaping suburban land planning norms. This paper analyzes contemporaneous professional and governmental literature in order to understand the context of land planning and development during the time that the neighbourhood unit became a leading idea. Between 1912 and 1968 the neighbourhood unit concept bridged planning, design, development and policy-making communities to improve standards in the construction of residential environments by shifting the scale of development to an area as a whole. In this time period the neighbourhood unit concept shaped land planning norms, facilitated execution of policies, framed new institutions, and became associated with the changes that it helped to bring about.
Fabrication and analysis of high-contrast InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder modulators for use at 1.55-μm wavelength

A high-contrast ratio, low voltage-length product, multiple quantum well InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated and analyzed. An on/off ratio of over 40 dB and voltage-length product of 1.8 V-mm were measured, results which are superior to previous reports of similar MQW structures. Using the Lanczos-Helmholtz beam propagation method, we find that the linear and quadratic electrooptic coefficients for InGaAsP quantum wells are r=(3.9/spl plusmn/1.7) pm/V and s=(5.0/spl plusmn/1.5)/spl times/10/sup -19/ m/sup 2//V/sup 2/, respectively. We also demonstrate active optical alignment of the modulator guides using integrated waveguide light emitting diodes.
Implementation of an active mass driver using acceleration feedback control

: Most of the current research on active structural control for aseismic protection has focused on either full-state feedback strategies or velocity-feedback strategies. However, accurate measurement of the necessary displacements and velocities of the structure is difficult to achieve directly, particularly during seismic activity. Because accelerometers are inexpensive and can readily provide reliable measurement of the structural accelerations at strategic points on the structure, development of control methods based on acceleration feedback is an ideal solution to this problem. Recent studies of active bracing and active tendon systems have shown that H2/LQG frequency domain control methods employing acceleration feedback can be used effectively for aseismic protection of structures. This paper demonstrates experimentally the efficacy of acceleration-feedback–based active mass driver (AMD) systems in reducing the response of seismically excited structures.
Wastewater Risk Assessment

Risk assessment takes place in three broad and overlapping steps: hazard identification, risk estimation, and social evaluation. Human pathogens are of primary concern in wastewater although focus has recently shifted to chemical hazards. The relation of dose-response between hazardous substances and exposed populations can be coupled with predictions of likely dosages resulting from human exposure to polluted water to give estimates of maximal risk. This methodology was used to show that less than 0.1 cases of hepatitis A per 100,000 persons per year can reasonably be attributed to drinking treated surface water or to swimming downstream from an unchlorinated sewage treatment plant discharge.
Long-Run Consumption Risk and the Real Yield Curve

This paper estimates a consumption-based, no-arbitrage model of the term structure of real interest rates. The model nests the standard long-run risk model which assumes constant market prices of risk. We find that the long-run consumption risk dominates the short-run and volatility risks and drives most of the movements of bond risk premiums. The risk premium for consumption volatility is negative, suggesting that long-term real bonds provide an effective hedge against the volatility risk in consumption growth. In contrast to the standard long-run risk model, however, we find strong evidence that the market price of long-run consumption risk is time-varying and that stochastic volatilities alone are not sufficient to account for the variations in bond risk premiums.
Dispersion in Layered Porous Media

Analytical solutions have been obtained to two problems of dispersion in a layered porous medium. The solution for longitudinal dispersion in flow perpendicular to the layers is given in terms of an integral, which has to be evaluated numerically for each layer. The solution for lateral dispersion in flow along the layers is in a closed form. Experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical results.
SINGING BEHAVIOR OF THE HERMIT THRUSH

Despite the Hermit Thrush's wide distribution and exceptional singing ability, its vocal behavior is poorly known. In recorded samples from Arizona and New England, we show that males have repertoires of 6 to 12 discrete song types. Those types can be presented in highly regular sequences, but the order varies among males, perhaps depending on context or motivation. Arizona and New England songs differed in several frequency and temporal features, such as the duration and frequency of the introductory whistle and the remainder of the song, suggesting regional differences in Hermit Thrush songs. How these geographic differences in song are influenced by song development and dispersal should be a focus of future research.
Today's Social Justice Network

In Catholic parishes across the nation “social concerns” or “social justice” committees are trying to help individuals bring Church teaching into their daily lives. The broad aim of Catholic teaching on social justice is clear: Catholics are called upon to work for a society that respects the dignity of all people. The specific way to achieve such a society, however, is less certain. Too often political matters on which serious intelligent Catholics can disagree are made the subject of popular social justice movements.
Monte Carlo simulation of Eu/sup 3 +/-doped BeF/sub 2/ glass

Monte Carlo simulations of the structure of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$-doped Be${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ glass show that in contrast to the almost perfect fourfold coordination of Be by F, the rare-earth sites are disordered and no fixed coordination number can be defined. The calculated distribution of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ electronic energy levels is in general agreement with the inhomogeneous broadening observed in optical spectra and measured using laser-induced fluorescence line-narrowing techniques.
Youth Literacy and Cultural Theories: A Review of the Science and Implications for Policy

Despite decades of research on social contexts and cultural practices, contemporary literacy education policies often frame the teaching of literacy skills—and especially adolescent literacy skills...
Topics in exact precision mathematical programming

The field of Mathematical Programming offers a range of tools and algorithms to solve optimization problems. Software based on these ideas is used in many application areas to solve real world decision problems. However, few available software packages provide any guarantee of correct answers or certification of results, despite their widespread use. Computations are typically performed entirely in floating-point arithmetic where attempts are made to satisfy feasibility and optimality conditions approximately instead of exactly. The focus of this dissertation is the advancement of theory and computation related to exact precision mathematical programming. We will specifically consider linear programming (LP) and mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems. Implementing software which relies entirely on exact arithmetic could give prohibitive slowdown compared to inexact methods so we make use of hybrid symbolic-numeric computation. In this paradigm algorithms are designed to use fast inexact arithmetic for many operations and then correct or verify the results using safe or exact computation. In Chapter 1 we will further motivate the topic of this dissertation by describing different types of errors that can result from the use of floating-point arithmetic. We will also describe a range of applications where numerical errors are unacceptable. In Chapter 2 we present new results in symbolic linear algebra. We study output-sensitive algorithms to solve rational linear systems of equations. These algorithms have the same worst case performance as conventional methods but are guaranteed to terminate early when the exact rational solution has a small representation. These techniques were motivated by experiments performed on linear systems arising when solving exact LPs. In Chapter 3 we investigate solving very sparse rational linear systems of equations which arise as a bottleneck in solving exact LPs. A computational study is performed comparing four different techniques for exact rational system solving on a wide range of instances arising from applied problems. Chapter 4 describes a new algorithm to compute valid LP bounds by correcting approximate solutions. This algorithm is designed to be used in the MIP setting and accelerates bound computations by reusing structural information throughout a branch-and-bound tree. We show this method to be more general than some algorithms previously described for this purpose. Computational experiments are performed to demonstrate its effectiveness. In Chapter 5 we discuss future directions for research in exact mathematical programming including challenges, opportunities and new application areas.
Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies in Zhanjiang City,2000-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Zhanjiang city from 2000 to2012,and thus to explore the effectively countermeasures. Methods Rabies data during 2000-2012 were collected in terms of epidemic reports,special summaries and individual case survey,and were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 186 rabies cases were reported during this period. The incidence rates ranged in0. 02-0. 58 /105. The number of male cases were 139 and the female were 47. The cases distributed mainly in rural area,with the most in Lianjiang city,accounting for 65. 6% of the total. The cases were mainly farmers( 59. 75%),followed by students( 25. 3%) and children( 12. 9%). The age of the cases were mainly over50 years( 40. 3%),followed by 0- 14 years old( 33. 3%). Among the 186 cases,171( 91. 9%) were wounded by dog and 10( 5. 4%) by cat,the rest 5( 2. 7%) were unidentified. The median incubation period and disease interval were 47 days and 3 days,respectively. The cases number without wound managementor vaccination were 167,accounting for 89. 8%. Ninety cases( 102%) were treated with wound management and vaccine,of which 4 cases were treated whole course vaccination. Conclusion The rabies cases in Zhanjiang City rural areas disseminated in rural area and are mainly children and the elderly. Most of the cases receive no ornonstandard treatment. Thus,targeted health education,management of vaccines,standardized wound disposal and immunization,as well as abating the vaccine charges from farmer cases are recommended as key countermeasures.
Effect of calpastatin on degradation of myofibrillar proteins by mu-calpain under postmortem conditions.

To improve our understanding of the regulation of mu-calpain activity in situ during postmortem storage of muscle, the effect of different calpastatin levels on proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins by mu-calpain in a system closely mimicking postmortem conditions was studied. Increasing the amount of calpastatin in the incubations limited both the rate and extent of proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins and autolysis of mu-calpain. Excess calpastatin (i.e., a mu-calpain:calpastatin ratio of 1:4) did not inhibit proteolysis completely. Western blot analysis revealed that proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins virtually ceased after 7 d of incubation, despite the presence of partly autolyzed, therefore seemingly active, mu-calpain. A series of incubations of autolyzed mu-calpain revealed that the autolyzed form of this enzyme is unstable at an ionic strength observed in postmortem muscle. The possible significance of these results in terms of the regulation of mu-calpain activity in postmortem muscle is discussed.
Pregnancy, False Pregnancy, and Questionable Heirs: Mary I and Her Echoes

In 1607 a man named Bartholomew Helson went about London, claiming to be Queen Mary’s son “and oftentimes gathered people about him.” Sir William Waad had Helson apprehended and then examined him. Helson explained that he had been born at Hampton Court but stolen away. Though Waad told Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, that he considered Helson of more “seditious disposition than any kind of lunacy,” he had him committed to Bridewell, and would continue to keep him there, or, if Salisbury wanted, send him on to Bedlam.2 While there were a number of impostors in Tudor/early Stuart England claiming to be children of royalty or a dead king returned, Helson’s claim may be the most perplexing, as one of the parts of Mary I’s history that was best known was her phantom pregnancies that produced no children.
Face race — Face down extreme virtual reality racing game

In this game, players fly through a virtual city while wearing a virtual reality headset. They control their lateral motion by leaning to the right or left while trying to navigate through a crowded city landscape. As players advance through the game, their speed is increased and the cityscape is harder to navigate. This infinite flier style of game encourages players to fly as long as they can until they crash into a building. The physical requirement to be face down on the ground adds to the immersion in the virtual world.
Strong, Tough Glass‐Ceramics for Emerging Markets

The discovery of glass-ceramics, that is, the controlled crystallization of glass, by S. Donald Stookey was a mixture of serendipitous events involving both chance and exploratory research related to a practical concept. However, a combination of awareness of related literature, good observation skills, deductive reasoning, and a strong curiosity for exploratory work, was crucial for this chance event to bear fruit. As was the present case, a review of this story always stimulates new approaches for understanding of the fundamentals of crystallization and the design of glass-ceramics with improved properties. Two experiments of particular interest are presented in this paper. The first focuses on the change of viscosity of a specimen as a function of crystallization, while the second addresses the improvement of crack resistance by manipulating thermal history during crystallization. Our work reveals that glass-ceramic viscosity, that is, bulk viscosity during crystallization, is influenced by both temperature and phase assemblage. Further, as observed by Stookey, more than 60 years ago, high viscosity is important in controlling the shape of the final product. Finally, thermal history is shown to have a marked influence on the crack resistance of glass-ceramics.
Application of thin-bed indicator and sweetness attribute in the evaluation of sediment composition and depositional geometry in coast-perpendicular subbasins, South Texas Gulf Coast

AbstractMy focus of study is the nature of sediments within late Eocene to middle Oligocene, coast-perpendicular subbasins located on the southwest side of the San Marcos Arch in Refugio County, near the South Texas Gulf Coast. Methods of investigation consist of 3D seismic interpretation, seismic attribute, and isochron mapping. Depositional geometry, inferred sediment composition, and bed-thickness data are examined by extraction of amplitude-envelope, sweetness, and thin-bed-indicator (TBI) attributes from the 3D seismic volume. Four subbasins, numbered SB1 through SB4 from northeast to southwest, are recognized. Although the coast-perpendicular subbasins formed at the same time and by the same processes, the sediment distribution, basin-fill history, and tectonics differ from subbasin to subbasin within the Jackson, Vicksburg, and Frio Formations. Amplitude envelopes extracted at base Jackson and at near-base Vicksburg Formation show that, although the distribution pattern of interpreted sandstone-pro...
Panchromatic cross-conjugated π-bridge NIR dyes for DSCs

Four organic sensitizers incorporating a cross-conjugated cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT) π-bridge have been synthesized. As a result of molecular engineering, broad high energy bands and red shifted absorption maxima and onset is observed relative to a benchmark analogue (C218) using a non-cross-conjugated CPDT π-bridge. The use of a cross-conjugated bridge allows a new strategy for tuning dye energetics and introduction of increased absorption uniformity by adding additional high-energy absorption bands. These dyes show solar-to-electric conversion up to 800 nm with one derivative exceeding the performance of C218 under identical conditions.
Does Allocation of Attention Influence Relative Velocity and Strength of Illusory Line Motion

In illusory line motion, presentation of a cue is followed by presentation of a nearby stationary line, and the line is perceived to "unfold," "expand," or "extend" away from the cue. Effects of the allocation of attention regarding where the cue or the line would be presented were measured in three experiments, and ratings of relative velocity and relative strength of illusory motion were collected. Findings included (a) relative velocity and relative strength decreased with increases in SOA from 50 to 450 ms, (b) relative velocity and relative strength were not influenced by whether illusory motion moved from one end of the line to the other or from both ends toward the middle of the line, (c) increased uncertainty regarding where the line would appear did not influence relative velocity or relative strength, and (d) valid pre-cues regarding the location of a cue resulted in faster relative velocity than did invalid pre-cues, but pre-cue validity did not influence relative strength. Implications of these findings for the relationship of such illusory motion and attention (e.g., divided attention, shifts in attended location) are considered.
Combustion of Mg and composite Mg·S powders in different oxidizers

Abstract Micron-sized, spherical magnesium powders were ignited by a CO2 laser beam and by injecting them in the products of air–C2H2 and air–H2 flames. The same experiments were performed with composite Mg·S powders prepared by mechanical milling magnesium and elemental sulfur powders. The non-spherical Mg powder used to prepare composites was also explored in selected combustion tests. Flow conditions were varied in experiments performed in air with all materials. The combustion products were collected for particles burning in air; the products were studied using electron microscopy. Optical emission produced by burning particles was recorded using filtered photomultipliers. The emission pulses were processed to recover the particle burn times and their temperatures. Fine Mg particles burn in air very rapidly, with the burn times under 1 ms for particles finer than ca. 10 µm. The apparent trend describing burn time as a function of the particle size for such particles is t∼d0.5. The particles burn without generating a detectable standoff flame zone or producing smoke; combustion products are particles of MgO with dimensions comparable to those of the starting Mg powder particles. Both the particles burn times and their measured flame temperatures decrease slightly when particles are carried by faster air flows. The present experimental results is interpreted qualitatively assuming that the reaction occurs at or very near the boiling Mg surface and its rate is affected by both surface kinetics and the inward diffusion of oxygen. It is further proposed that the fine, solid MgO particles form either directly on surface of Mg droplet or in its immediate vicinity. Deposition of MgO crystals on liquid Mg causes little change in the particle burn rate. Combustion of Mg in air–C2H2 and air–H2 flames occurs much slower than in air. Combustion of composite Mg·S particles follows a two-step process. In the first step, sulfur is evaporated. When the particles are heated by a CO2 laser beam, rapid evaporation of sulfur leads to a sudden change in the particle velocity. Once sulfur is removed, the particles burn similarly to the pure Mg.
Breast-Conserving Therapy for Breast Cancer

This provides a contemporary look at the current trends of breast-conserving therapy. Though outcomes are improving, such as local control and survival, the rate of lumpectomy versus mastectomy in breast cancer patients continues to decline. Evolving techniques for the critical roles of tumor localization, margin assessment, and margin control are described. Novel complementary therapies, such as cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, intraoperative radiation therapy, brachytherapy, partial breast irradiation, and various forms of external beam radiation deployment, are discussed. The concept of oncoplastic breast surgery, combining oncologic principles with plastic surgery techniques, has emerged as an important part of breast-conserving therapy. The combination of oncoplastic repair with partial breast radiation is changing the face of breast conservation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with tumor size reduction, is allowing breast conservation in patients who would traditionally not be eligible. These advances continue to redefine breast conservation therapy.
The effects of ethanol, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lung antibacterial defenses.

Respiratory tract infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals abusing alcohol (1). Sir William Osler, in his Principles and Practice of Medicine, stated that alcoholism was “perhaps the most potent predisposing factor” to bacterial pneumonia (2). Since this early observation, numerous other clinical investigations have reported evidence that alcoholics are at increased risk for severe pneumonia (3, 4). Despite recent technologic advances in the management of these infections and ever more “potent” antibiotics, there has been little decline in the mortality associated with this disease in alcohol consuming patients.
Volterra Integro-Differential Equations

Volterra studied the hereditary influences when he was examining a population growth model. The research work resulted in a specific topic, where both differential and integral operators appeared together in the same equation. This new type of equations was termed as Volterra integro-differential equations [1–4], given in the form $${u^{\left( n \right)}}\left( x \right) = f\left( x \right) + \lambda \int_0^{\left( x \right)} {K\left( {x,t} \right)u\left( t \right)dt,} $$ (5.1) Where \({u^{\left( n \right)}}\left( x \right) = \frac{{{d^n}u}}{{d{x^n}}}\). Because the resulted equation in (5.1) combines the differential operator and the integral operator, then it is necessary to define initial conditions u(0), u′ (0), , u (n−1)(0) for the determination of the particular solution u(x) of the Volterra integro-differential equation (5.1). Any Volterra integro-differential equation is characterized by the existence of one or more of the derivatives u′ (x), u″ (x), outside the integral sign. The Volterra integro-differential equations may be observed when we convert an initial value problem to an integral equation by using Leibnitz rule.
Profiles of recovery from alcohol use disorder at three years following treatment: can the definition of recovery be extended to include high functioning heavy drinkers?

Background and aims Recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often narrowly defined by abstinence from alcohol and improvements in functioning (e.g. mental health, social functioning, employment). This study used latent profile analysis to examine variability in recovery outcomes, defined by alcohol use, alcohol-related problems and psychosocial functioning at 3 years following treatment. Secondary analysis investigated pre-treatment, post-treatment and 1- and 3-year post-treatment covariate predictors of the latent profiles. Design Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial. Setting United States. Participants We used data from the out-patient arm of Project MATCH (n = 806; 29.7% female, 22.2% non-white). Measurements Recovery was defined by latent profile analyses including measures of psychosocial functioning and life satisfaction (Psychosocial Functioning Inventory), unemployment and mental health (Addiction Severity Index), alcohol and other drug use (Form 90) and alcohol-related consequences (Drinker Inventory of Consequences) 3 years following treatment. Mixture modeling was used to examine correlates of profiles. Findings We identified four profiles at 3 years following treatment: (1) poor functioning frequent heavy drinkers, (2) poor functioning infrequent heavy drinkers, (3) high functioning occasional heavy drinkers and (4) high-functioning infrequent non-heavy drinkers. There were relatively few differences on indicators of functioning and treatment-related variables between the high functioning infrequent non-heavy drinkers and the high-functioning occasional heavy drinkers, other than high-functioning occasional heavy drinkers having lower alcohol dependence severity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 0.98], fewer post-treatment coping skills (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.90) and lower 3-year post-treatment abstinence self-efficacy (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.49) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) involvement (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.99). The two high-functioning profiles showed the greatest improvements in functioning from baseline through the 3-year follow-up, whereas the low-functioning profiles showed the least amount of improvement. High-functioning occasional heavy drinkers had higher purpose in life than the poor-functioning profiles. Conclusions Some individuals who engage in heavy drinking following treatment for alcohol use disorder may function as well as those who are mostly abstinent with respect to psychosocial functioning, employment, life satisfaction and mental health.
The Carnival’s Edge: Charlie Hebdo and Theories of Comedy

This article reexamines the satire of Charlie Hebdo through the lens of comedy theory and cultural studies. Drawing upon Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of “the carnivalesque” and Linda Hutcheon’s concept of “irony’s edge,” it considers the wide variety of potential meanings that are encoded within Hebdo’s highly controversial comedy and religious representations. Introducing the notion of the “ambigramic carnival,” I argue that competing notions of hegemony in French culture encourage radically different understandings of the ethical and political implications of Hebdo’s content. Ultimately, I contend that while Hebdo’s approach to satire is in no way responsible for the terroristic violence visited upon the magazine, the publication nonetheless crafted a style intended to evoke a range of responses, including profound anger. As an empirical companion to this theoretical approach, the article then turns to coverage of the Hebdo massacre in the Jewish press, arguing that in the United States the Forward used the Hebdo story to represent Jewish empowerment and disempowerment simultaneously.
Fantasy Football: Is It All Touchdowns and Victories?

Fantasy sports is an interactive, teammanagement activity played by millions all over the world. One of the most well-known fantasy sports there is to play is fantasy football. Currently played by millions of people each year by all age groups, fantasy football provides an opportunity for friends, families, and coworkers to make their football Sundays more interesting. The scoring system is based on statistics accumulated by athletes of real-life professional sport organizations. The end of August marks the start of the fantasy football season. After league members get together to draft their respective teams, participants set their rosters for the week and watch the week’s NFL games as their fantasy team accrues points. Fantasy football is a bonding activity for friends. Thus, fantasy football has psychological and social implications that are worth exploring. The social implications have the ability to affect the people who play together in their respective leagues, which at times is cut-throat and highly competitive. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurement and Modeling: A NIST Perspective

The exponential increase in wireless data transmission from smartphones has led to the saturation of the sub-6-GHz bands where cellular networks have operated to date forcing providers to migrate to the millimeter-wave (mmWave) regime for 5G. Although available channel bandwidths will grow from tens of megahertz to several gigahertz, propagation loss will be substantially higher. To compensate the link budget, phased array antennas with 20 dBi40-dBi gain will be employed at the base and mobile stations. Since beamwidth is inversely proportional to gain, the resultant pencilbeams will be only 315 wide and thus must be electronically steered to ensure that they are aligned between the stations. The high directionality of 5G systems will fundamentally change channel propagation models and channel sounding systems and techniques used to measure the model properties. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is on the forefront of defining that change. In this article, we provide an overview of mmWave channel sounding through three types of systems: switched array, virtual array, and phased array, at 28 GHz, 60 GHz, and 83 GHz. In addition, we describe how mmWave channel models, for path loss, dispersion, multipath tracking, Doppler spread, and blockage, differ from sub-6-GHz models, substantiated by some of our most recent results.
Immunogenetic analysis ofH-2 mutations

A.BY, B10.LPa, and B10.129(5M) mice were presensitized in vivo against B10.A(5R) cells and then restimulated in vitro by the same cells in the standard CML assay. The effector cells thus generated lysed not only B10.A(5R), but also C57BL/6 targets, indicating that, in addition to anti-H-2Dd response [measured on the B10.A(5R) targets], response to minor histocompatibility (H) antigens (measured on the C57BL/6 targets) also occurred. The latter response was directed against multiple minor H antigens in the case of the A.BY effectors, and against H-1 and H-3 antigens in the case of B10.129(5M) and B10.LPa effectors, respectively. The sensitization against minor H antigens occurred in the context of H-2Kb H-2Dd antigens, but by testing the response on C57BL/6 targets, only cells reacting with minor H antigens in the context of H-2Kb were assayed. The same effector cells were then tested against H-2b mutant strains, in which theH-2Kb allele was replaced by a mutant one. All three effector types [A.BY, B10.LPa, and B10.129(5M)] behaved in a similar way: they all reacted with theH-2bg1 mutant to the same degree as withH-2b, they did not react at all or reacted only weakly with theH-2bd andH-2bh mutants, and they reacted moderately or strongly with theH-2ba mutant. The degree of crossreactivity with the mutants reflects, with one exception, the degree of relatedness of these mutants toH-2b, as established by other methods. The one exception is theH-2ba mutant, which is the most unrelated toH-2b, and yet it crossreacted strongly. Further testing, however, suggested that in this instance the crossreactivity was probably directed against H-2 antigens: the anti-H-2Dd effectors apparently crossreacted with the H-2Kba antigens. This finding is an example of cell-mediated crossreactivity between the products of two differentH-2 genes (H-2K andH-2D). It is also an example of anH-2 mutation generating an antigenic determinant known to be present in another strain.
Two Roads Diverged: Statutory Interpretation by the Circuit Courts and the Supreme Court in the Same Cases

Scholars and judges have long disagreed on whether courts of appeals construing statutes ought to adapt their use of interpretive resources to Supreme Court approaches. If circuit courts and the Supreme Court approach statutory issues in similar ways, this can perhaps provide a measure of predictability for litigants and the public while conserving judicial resources; it may also enhance perceptions of fairness in the judicial system. Such normative arguments invite—even demand—a fuller understanding of the underlying descriptive reality: whether anything approaching uniformity or consistency actually exists. This Article aims to provide that understanding. It does so through an in-depth examination of similarities and differences in how the Supreme Court and circuit courts apply key interpretive resources in a universe of identical cases involving statutory interpretation: those on which the Supreme Court reviews what an appeals court has decided. From circuit judges’ standpoint, such cases are more complex than the bulk of their docket; moreover, the judges nearly always are aware when they are creating or contributing to circuit conflicts that are centrally important to the Court’s granting of cert. Our findings provide a modicum of support for the virtue of predictability. The Supreme Court’s increasing reliance during the Rehnquist and Roberts years on ordinary meaning, language canons, and dictionaries, and its declining interest in legislative history, are trends that the appeals courts followed with a lag of several years, suggesting that circuit courts are being influenced to some degree by Supreme Court changes in emphasis and priority. But a number of findings lend descriptive support to normative arguments opposing uniformity. Some results support divergent approaches based on differences in institutional perspective: circuit courts prefer simpler interpretive frameworks as more compatible with their heavier workloads. Other findings supporting a pluralist approach in these identical cases suggest that appeals courts are reacting silently but negatively to the doctrinaire pronouncements of certain Supreme Court justices. And a third set of findings underscores both the necessity and the value of deliberative disputation between the two judicial levels. In the end, it is the divergence in interpretive approaches between the two levels of courts that stands out. Based on our empirical and doctrinal analyses, a substantial degree of divergence seems inevitable even in this special universe of identical cases. Whatever its desirability may be as a normative matter, uniformity between the Supreme Court and the courts of appeals in reliance on interpretive resources is a chimera.
Impact of daily soft-tissue image guidance to prostate on pelvic lymph node (PLN) irradiation for prostate patients receiving SBRT.

PURPOSE To determine the impact of using fiducial match for daily image-guidance on pelvic lymph node (PLN) coverage for prostate cancer patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS Thirty patients underwent SBRT treatment to the prostate and PLN from 2014 to 2016. Each patient received either 800cGy × 5 or 500cGy × 5 to the prostate and 500cGy × 5 to the PLN. A 5 mm clinical target volume (CTV)-to-planning target volume (PTV) margin around the PLN was used for planning. Two registrations with planning computed tomography (PCT) for each of the daily cone beam CTs (CBCTs) were performed: a rigid registration to fiducials and to the bony anatomy. The average translational difference between fiducial and bony match as well as percentage of fractions with differences > 5mm were calculated. Changes in bladder and rectal volume as well as center-of-mass (COM) position from simulation parameters, and their correlation with translational difference were also evaluated. The dosimetric impact of the translational differences was calculated by shifting the plan isocenter. RESULTS The average translational difference between fiducial and bony match was 0.06 ± 0.82, 2.1 ± 4.1, -2.8 ± 4.3, and 5.5 ± 4.2 mm for lateral, vertical, longitudinal, and vector directions. The average change in bladder and rectal volume from simulation was -67.2 ± 163.04 cc (-12 ± 52%) and -1.6 ± 18.75 (-2 ± 30%) cc. The average change in COM of bladder from the simulation position was 0.34 ± 2.49, 4.4 ± 8.1, and -3.9 ± 7.5 mm along the LR, AP, and SI directions. The corresponding COM change for the rectum was 0.17 ± 1.9, 1.34 ± 3.5, and -0.6 ± 5.2 mm. CONCLUSIONS The 5 mm margin covered ~75% of fractions receiving PLN irradiation with SBRT, daily CBCT and fiducial-guided setup. The dosimetric impact on PLN coverage was significant in 19% of fractions or 25% of patients. A larger translational shift was due to variation in rectal volume and changes in COM position of the bladder and rectum. A consistent bladder positioning and/or rectum filling compared with presimulation volume were essential for adequate coverage of PLN in a hypofractionated treatment regime.
Similarity evaluation of 3D topological measurement results using statistical methods

Three dimensional (3D) topology data obtained from different optical metrology techniques tend to produce local disagreements which may yield incorrect judgement from inspectors especially under scenarios of precision metrology. This research explores statistical methods to provide a functional scoring for similarities. The investigation is conducted using two statistical methods (Pearsons correlation coefficient and image distance), two optical techniques (structured light and focus variation microscopy) and two application scenarios (metal additive printing and ballistic forensic examination). Experimental results show the promise of using statistical tools to assist binary decisions for matching/non-matching even if 3D topology data are obtained from different optical techniques.
Comparative Advantage and the Pattern of Trade Within Industries

This paper empirically investigates one aspect of the vertically differentiated models of intraindustry trade. These models predict that the pattern of trade within an industry is based on comparative advantage rather than being completely random. An empirical model is specified in which the relative quality of two countries bilateral exports within an industry depends on the relative differences in unit labor requirements. Using a variety of econometric methods, the results suggest that the quality of US manufacturing exports to the UK, Japan and Germany relative to its imports from these countries is positively and significantly related to the relative differences in value added per worker.
Sharpened and Mechanically Durable Carbon Fiber Electrode Arrays for Neural Recording

Bioelectric medicine treatments target disorders of the nervous system unresponsive to pharmacological methods. While current stimulation paradigms effectively treat many disorders, the underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown, and current neuroscience recording electrodes are often limited in their specificity to gross averages across many neurons or axons. Here, we develop a novel, durable carbon fiber electrode array adaptable to many neural structures for precise neural recording. Carbon fibers ( $6.8~\mu \text{m}$ diameter) were sharpened using a reproducible blowtorchmethod that uses the reflection of fibers against the surface of a water bath. The arrays were developed by partially embedding carbon fibers in medical-grade silicone to improve durability. We recorded acute spontaneous electrophysiology from the rat cervical vagus nerve (CVN), feline dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and rat brain. Blowtorching resulted in fibers of 72.3 ± 33.5-degree tip angle with $146.8~\pm ~17.7~\mu \text{m}$ exposed carbon. Observable neural clusters were recorded using sharpened carbon fiber electrodes fromrat CVN ( $41.8~\mu \text{V}_{\text {pp}}$ ), feline DRG ( $101.1~\mu \text{V}_{\text {pp}}$ ), and rat brain ( $80.7~\mu \text{V}_{\text {pp}}$ ). Recordings from the feline DRG included physiologically relevant signals from increased bladder pressure and cutaneous brushing. These results suggest that this carbon fiber array is a uniquely durable and adaptable neural recordingdevice. In the future, this device may be useful as a bioelectric medicine tool for diagnosis and closed-loop neural control of therapeutic treatments and monitoring systems.
Multi-sensor anomalous change detection in remote sensing imagery

Combining multiple satellite remote sensing sources provides a far richer, more frequent view of the earth than that of any single source; the challenge is in distilling these petabytes of heterogeneous sensor imagery into meaningful characterizations of the imaged areas. Meeting this challenge requires effective algorithms for combining multi-modal imagery over time to identify subtle but real changes among the intrinsic data variation. Here, we implement a joint-distribution framework for multi-sensor anomalous change detection (MSACD) that can effectively account for these differences in modality, and does not require any signal resampling of the pixel measurements. This flexibility enables the use of satellite imagery from different sensor platforms and modalities. We use multi-year construction of the SoFi Stadium in California as our testbed, and exploit synthetic aperture radar imagery from Sentinel-1 and multispectral imagery from both Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8. We show results for MSACD using real imagery with implanted, measurable changes, as well as real imagery with real, observable changes, including scaling our analysis over multiple years.
Blood Money: The Financial Implications of Plasma Sales for Individuals and Non-Bank Lenders

In the United States, households donate plasma for compensation at a higher rate than they use payday, auto-title, rent-to-own, or pawn loans. Our paper is the first to explore the financial implications for households of plasma donation. Plasma donors tend to be younger and less educated with lower incomes and credit scores; they are also more reliant on non-bank credit. We use dramatic growth in plasma centers between 2014 and 2021 to study the causal effect of the ability to donate plasma on non-bank credit. We find that access to a plasma donation center reduces demand (inquiries) for payday and installment loans by 6.5% and 8.1%, respectively, with larger effects (13.1% and 15.7%, respectively) on younger borrowers. Moreover, foot traffic increases by 7-10% at essential and non-essential goods establishments when a new plasma center opens nearby. Our findings suggest that plasma donation helps households smooth consumption without appealing to high-cost debt.