cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sprawl, Spatial Location, and Politics: How Ideological Identification Tracks the Built Environment

This study explores how spatial characteristics commonly associated with suburban sprawl (including density, reliance on the automobile, neighborhood age, and commuting patterns) help predict votin...
Paramecium mitochondrial DNA sequences and RNA transcripts for cytochrome oxidase subunit I, URF1, and three ORFs adjacent to the replication origin.

Abstract A 2-kb region adjacent to the replication origin (on) and a 3-kb region located between the small and large ribosomal RNAs of Paramecium mitochondrial (mt) DNA have been sequenced and the locations of their transcripts determined. The ori . segment contains four transcripts, some of which are overlapping, which encode a known protein and two other open reading frames. The other segment encodes, on separate transcripts, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) and the URF1 gene (ND1) common to most mt genomes. All these genes have the same orientation and do not contain introns. The COI gene is the most divergent of those known and has an internal 108 amino acid ‘insert’ not found in COI genes from other organisms. With these data it is possible to defme a probable Paramecium mt genetic code. With the exception that TGA codes for tryptophan and the use of different start codons, Paramecium mtDNA appears to follow the universal code. GTA possibly can be used as a start codon.
Consumption of ethanol as a function of sensory isolation

Abstract After 10 days of accommodation and a 16-day period in which drinking base rates were established for all S s, the relative consumption of either water or an alcohol solution was observed in two groups of rats for 14 consecutive days. The group maintained in the normal cage environment showed a marked and stable preference for water; the group placed in sensory isolation reversed their water-alcohol solution consumption as a function of isolation. These results were inconsistent with predictions derived from activation-level theory and were interpreted as supporting the concept of a neurochemical mechanisms sensitive to level of stimulus input as a factor in absolute consumption as well as relative preference for ethanol.
A Pond Evaluation of Habituation as a Means to Reduce Initial Mortality Associated with Poststocking Predation of Hatchery‐Reared Largemouth Bass

Abstract We investigated whether habituation (i.e., allowing fish to become accustomed to their new environment) and habitat complexity affected poststocking predation of hatchery-reared fingerling Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus stocked in research ponds containing high densities of predators. We found that in open-water habitat, habituation for 60 min before release significantly (|t 44| ≥ 2.13; P ≤ 0.039) reduced predation. In the presence of complex habitat (i.e., stem density > 250 stems/m2), overall predation was reduced but habituation failed to further reduce predation (|t 44| ≥ 0.13; P ≤ 0.899). Habituation appears to be a feasible method for reducing predation at release locations with little to no structurally complex habitat and high predator densities.
Seventeen-year clinical study of ultraviolet-cured posterior composite Class I and II restorations.

OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical performance of four commercial ultraviolet light-cured composite materials, and to evaluate curing-system effects on long-term wear resistance of Class I and II restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 32 samples of each of four different ultraviolet light-cured composites (n = 130) were inserted into conventional Class I and II cavity preparations by two clinicians. Cavosurface margins of the preparations were not beveled. Enamel walls of the preparation were etched, and the respective bonding agent was applied. Each restoration was evaluated by two clinicians at 5, 10, and 17 years. Direct evaluations were performed using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Indirect evaluations were performed using the Leinfelder cast evaluation method. RESULTS After 17 years, 65% of the restorations were recalled and pooled direct evaluations were conducted for color matching (94% alfa), marginal discoloration (100% alfa), marginal integrity (100% alfa), secondary caries (92% alfa), surface texture (72% alfa), and anatomic form (22% alfa). Mean occlusal wear from indirect evaluations at 5, 10, and 17 years was 197 +/- 85 microns, 235 +/- 72 microns, and 264 +/- 80 microns, respectively. For direct and indirect evaluations there were significant differences (p < or = .05) between the baseline and 5-year recall evaluations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that the mean pooled occlusal wear of four ultraviolet light-cured posterior composites at 17 years was 264 microns (approximately 0.25 mm), and that most wear (75%) occurred in the first 5 years. Of all recalled restorations, 76% were judged clinically acceptable at 17 years, and 22% of those exhibited no clinically detectable wear.
Conceptual site models as a tool in evaluating ecological health: the case of the Department of Energy's Amchitka Island nuclear test site.

Managers of contaminated sites are faced with options ranging from monitoring natural attenuation to complete removal of contaminants to meet residential health standards. Conceptual site models (CSMs) are one tool used by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other environmental managers to understand, track, help with decisions, and communicate with the public about the risk from contamination. CSMs are simplified graphical representations of the sources, releases, transport and exposure pathways, and receptors, along with possible barriers to interdict pathways and reduce exposure. In this article, three CSMs are created using Amchitka Island, where the remaining contamination is from underground nuclear test shot cavities containing large quantities of numerous radionuclides in various physical and chemical forms: (1) a typical underground nuclear test shot CSM (modeled after other sites), (2) an expanded CSM with more complex receptors, and (3) a regional CSM that takes into account contaminant pat...
Proteinoid microspheres more stable in hot than in cold water

The occurrence of organisms of primitive appearance near submarine hydrothermal vents has indicated sea-floor conditions that are like those under which proteinoid microspheres are produced in the laboratory. Experimental examination of the question of whether some proteinoid microspheres might be stable in hot water has revealed proteinoids that are soluble in cold water but precipitate on heating. Unanswered questions are discussed.
Foreign ownership restrictions and cross-border markets for corporate control

Abstract The paper investigates the link between host country laws restricting the ability of foreign bidders to conduct cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the dynamics of domestic and foreign markets for corporate control. The results indicate that, as governments, especially governments of less wealthy, faster growing economies, relax their cross-border M&A laws, foreign bidders increase the number of cross-border M&As. The likelihood that foreign bidders establish cross-border M&As in which they obtain a controlling stake in the target is greater in host countries with less restrictive cross-border M&A laws. In such countries, foreign bidders are also more likely to use cross-border M&As than cross-border joint ventures as the means for entering the market. As host country cross-border M&A laws improve, foreign bidders are increasingly more likely to seek the types of entry modes that provide them with greater control over their investments.
Roles of proteins in cation/membrane interactions of isolated rat cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.

To ascertain the roles of the membrane proteins in cation/sarcolemmal membrane binding, isolated rat cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles were extensively treated with Protease (S. aureus strain V.8). SDS-gel electrophoresis, protein and phosphate analysis confirmed that at least 20–22% of the protein, but none of the phospholipid, was solubilized by this procedure, and that the remaining membrane proteins were extensively hydrolyzed into small fragments. The cation binding properties of the treated vesicles were then examined by analyzing their aggregation behavior. The results demonstrate that this procedure had no effect on the selectivity series for di- and trivalent cation binding, or the divalent cation-induced aggregation behavior of the sarcolemmal vesicles at different pHs, indicating that proteins are probably not involved in these interactions and cannot be the low affinity cation binding sites previously observed [21, 22]. It did, however, change the pH at which protons induced sarcolemmal vesicle aggregation, suggesting a possible role for proteins in these processes. Protease treatment also modified the effects of fluorescamine labelling on divalent cation-induced vesicle aggregation, indicating that the NH, groups being labelled with fluorescamine are located on the sarcolemmal proteins. Together, these results support the hypothesis that di- and trivalent cation binding to the sarcolemmal membrane is largely determined by lipid/lipid and/or lipid/carbohydrate interactions within the plane of the sarcolemmal membrane, and that membrane proteins may exert an influence on these interactions, but only under very specialized conditions.
Maternal adaptation to pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time when significant maternal cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes occur. Such alterations may include blood volume, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance. These physiologic changes are usually well tolerated by the pregnant patient, and they must be recognized and understood by the physician to distinguish them from what is abnormal. Changes begin early in gestation and continue as pregnancy advances, and are totally reversible after delivery. This review summarizes updates on cervical, hemodynamic, cardiovascular and endocrinologic changes during pregnancy.
Instructional climates in preschool children who are at-risk. Part I: object-control skill development.

Part I of this study examined the effect of two 9-week instructional climates (low autonomy [LA] and mastery motivational climate [MMC]) on object-control (OC) skill development in preschoolers (N = 117). Participants were randomly assigned to an LA, MMC, or comparison group. OC skills were assessed at pretest, posttest, and retention test with the Test of Gross Motor Development–2nd Edition. A significant Treatment × Time interaction (p < .001) was present, supporting the effectiveness of both OC instructional climates in improving OC skills over time, while the comparison group resulted in no changes. The authors conclude that developmentally and instructionally appropriate climates are beneficial to OC skill learning, along with the need for “planned” movement experiences in motor learning environments.
Effects of bromosulfophthalein on structure and function of the plasma membrane of S37 ascites tumor cells

Summary Bromosulfophthalein had been reported to inhibit the γ-glutamyl cycle. The γ-glutamyl cycle has been implicated in amino acid transport in mammalian cells. Bromosulfophthalein was therefore employed in an attempt to correlate function of the γ-glutamyl cycle with amino acid transport by two well-defined ascites cell amino acid transport systems. Inhibition of both transport systems occurred in the presence of 1 mM bromosulfophthalein. However, further studies suggested that this inhibition was associated with a functional and morphological alteration of the plasma membrane. The S37 cells had an increased non-specific permeability demonstrated by sulfate. Steady state retention of amino acids was decreased and 51Cr release was increased by bromosulfophthalein. Vital staining was also increased by bromosulfophthalein and electron micrographs revealed membrane solubilization in the presence of bromosulfophthalein.
Health promotion and psychosocial services and women's assessments of interpersonal prenatal care in Medicaid managed care.

Objectives: If prenatal health promotion and psychosocial support services are to remain accessible to Medicaid eligible women, evidence is needed as to whether the services improve care and benefit women in ways that matter to health plans. The aims of this study are to determine whether prenatal health promotion and psychosocial services are associated with better interpersonal care and greater satisfaction with care; and whether the effects on interpersonal care help explain satisfaction with care. Research Design: A telephone survey of 363 African American, Latina (US and nonUS-born) and White women receiving prenatal care in four Medicaid public health plans in California in 2001. Multivariate regression analyses were done with adjustments for potentially confounding variables. Measures: Independent variables included dichotomous variables for health promotion advice (five separate areas) and composite scales for psychosocial assessment (six areas combined). Dependent variables included satisfaction with care, and indices for interpersonal care (communication, decision-making, and interpersonal style). Results: Women who report receiving health promotion or psychosocial services also report receiving better interpersonal care and rate their satisfaction with care higher. Receiving either type of support service is associated with higher quality communication, decision-making and interpersonal style. The effects of the support services on satisfaction are, in turn, explained by the effects on interpersonal care. Conclusions: Prenatal health promotion and psychosocial services have associated benefits to enrollees that should matter to Medicaid health plans and their providers.
Observation of quantum phase fluctuations in infrared gas lasers

Quantum phase fluctuations in IR gas lasers, noting nearly Lorentzian power spectrum with bandwidth inversely proportional to output power
In vivo dosimetry using a single diode for megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy: Implementation and response characterization

The AAPM Task Group 40 reported that in vivo dosimetry can be used to identify major deviations in treatment delivery in radiation therapy. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using one single diode to perform in vivo dosimetry in the entire radiotherapeutic energy range regardless of its intrinsic buildup material. The only requirement on diode selection would be to choose a diode with the adequate build up to measure the highest beam energy. We have tested the new diodes from Sun Nuclear Corporation (called QED and ISORAD-pboth p-type) for low-, intermediate-, and high-energy range. We have clinically used both diode types to monitor entrance doses. In general, we found that the dose readings from the ISORAD (p-type) are closer of the dose expected than QED diodes in the clinical setting. In this paper we report on the response of these newly available ISORAD (p-type) diode detectors with respect to certain radiation field parameters such as source-to-surface distance, field size, wedge beam modifiers, as well as other parameters that affect detector characteristics (temperature and detector-beam orientation). We have characterized the response of the high-energy ISORAD (p-type) diode in the low- (14 MV), intermediate- (612 MV), and high-energy (1525 MV) range. Our results showed that the total variation of the response of high-energy ISORAD (p-type) diodes to all the above parameters are within 5 in most encountered clinical patient treatment setups in the megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy. The usage of the high-energy buildup diode has the additional benefit of amplifying the response of the diode reading in case the wrong energy is used for patient treatment. In the light of these findings, we have since then switched to using only one single diode type, namely the red diode; manufacturer designation of the ISORAD (p-type) high-energy (1525 MV) range diode, for all energies in our institution and satellites. 2001 American College of Medical Physics.
Imperfect knowledge and behaviour in the foreign exchange market

This paper explores the consequences of imperfect knowledge for exchange rate dynamics within the monetary class of models. The authors' framework, which they call the theories consistent expectations framework, provides a particular formalization of a world in which agents use theories in order to look forward but in which these theories provide only qualitative knowledge rather than quantitative knowledge about the economy. The authors find that, as long as agents possess at least some degree of imperfect knowledge, the monetary models of the exchange rate generate dynamics consistent with the behavior observed in the literature. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.
Aluminum Alters the Electrophoretic Properties of Neurofilament Proteins: Role of Phosphorylation State

Exposure of each of the three neurofilament proteins (NFPs) to AlCl3 resulted in their failure to migrate into sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing gels. This effect was dependent on length of incubation (minimum, 2 h) and AlCl3 concentrations (minimum, 50 microM) and was not reversed by 20% SDS, 6 M urea, freeze-thawing, boiling, or extensive dialysis. The migration of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was not affected by AlCl3. The high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit (NF-H) entered SDS-containing gels after exposure to aluminum lactate but migrated aberrantly as a long high-molecular-weight streak. Migration of the 160-kDa alpha-chymotryptic cleavage product of NF-H, which contains the higher phosphorylated tail domain, was also prevented from migrating into SDS-containing gels by AlCl3. Dephosphorylation of NF-H and the middle-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit (NF-M) eliminated these effects on gel migration. EDTA, EGTA, MgCl2, CaCl2, or FeCl3 had no effect on NF-H or NF-M migration; furthermore, preincubation with, or simultaneous exposure to, CaCl2 or FeCl3 did not alter the effect of AlCl3. One interpretation of these results is that Al3+ interacts with phosphate groups on extensively phosphorylated C-terminal sidearms of NFPs, resulting in intermolecular cross-linking. These findings demonstrate a direct effect of aluminum on NFPs and provide a possible mechanism for neurofilament accumulation in perikarya during aluminum intoxication.
The consequences of South Africa's PR electoral system

Andrew Reynolds reports that the adoption of a party list form of proportional representation (PR) for South Africa's first multiracial elections has encouraged a more pluralist form of politics than otherwise might have been the case, but that ways of making elected representatives accountable to the voters under PR need to be found before the next elections in 1999.
A Multiple Natural Hazards Assessment Model Based on Geomorphic Terrain Units

A Multiple Natural Hazards Assessment MNHA procedural model was developed to provide stakeholders e.g., community planners and decision makers with a clear methodology that examines the landscape as a probabilistic-based composite measure of the natural hazards at a terrain mapping unit scale. The model consists of four phases: 1 data collection; 2 individual natural hazard assessment INHA; 3 Geomorphic Terrain Unit GTU development; and 4 composite MNHA classification. The model was tested in a case study across southern Davis County, Utah. Six hazards were integrated within a GIS model, producing a nonweighted probabilistic-based multi-hazard classification across GTUs. Examination of the results by stakeholders showed great potential for the model. During the evaluation workshop, stakeholders concurred that normalizing the class values using a simple frequency-based scale makes it easier to discern the differences in composite hazardousness across the community. The model is easily expanded to include objective or subjective weighting factors.
Soliton cellular automata

Abstract We study the evolution of an arbitrary initial configuration of a certain filter cellular automaton introduced by Park, Steiglitz and Thurston. Any given state can be thought of as a collection of particles. We find that: (a) The interaction properties of these particles are richer than the usual solitons. In particular periodic particles may interact solitonically or they may recombine to form new periodic configurations. Even if two particles interact solitonically, they may interact several times before they get separated with the faster particle moving to the left of the slower one. (b) Arbitrary initial data will decompose as t →∞ into a number of periodic particles, and into a number of certain new periodic coherent structures which we call breathers. The particles and the breathers are ordered according to their speed. (c) We formulate the above cellular automaton as a difference equation. This formulation implies that the coherent structures found here are a manifestation of the coupling between the linear part and the nonlinear part of the difference equation.
The maximum entropy approach and probabilistic IR models

This paper takes a fresh look at modeling approaches to information retrieval that have been the basis of much of the probabilistically motivated IR research over the last 20 years. We shall adopt a subjectivist Bayesian view of probabilities and argue that classical work on probabilistic retrieval is best understood from this perspective. The main focus of the paper will be the ranking formulas corresponding to the Binary Independence Model (BIM), presented originally by Roberston and Sparck Jones [1977] and the Combination Match Model (CMM), developed shortly thereafter by Croft and Harper [1979]. We will show how these same ranking formulas can result from a probabilistic methodology commonly known as Maximum Entropy (MAXENT).
Short-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support

The rapid growth in short-term mechanical circulatory support has dramatically changed over the past several years. Twenty years ago, most cardiothoracic programs maintained one or two devices that were kept in deep reserve for the rare patient who experienced postoperative cardiopulmonary collapse and was deemed a potential candidate for a ventricular assist device. Barely over a decade ago, the first significant validation of implantable ventricular devices appeared in the literature, showing clinical superiority over best medical therapy. These early lessons in the arena of mechanical circulatory support led to rapid and dramatic improvement in technology, knowledge, and clinical skill. Leaders at many of our best institutions began to understand that these technologies could likely have an even more farreaching and critical influence for clinical situations, bridging a patient to one of several possible pathways. In the past few years, the 4 primary ways by which short-term mechanical circulatory assistance has been most efficiently applied include the following:
Beginning English Teacher Attrition, Mobility, and Retention

Although much research on teacher attrition and mobility exists, few researchers have addressed English teachers specifically. The present authors, using the 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and the Teacher Follow-Up Survey (TFS; National Center for Education Statistics, 2005) examined individual and school characteristics and mentoring and induction activities that affect beginning English teachers' attrition, mobility, and retention. The results indicated that only salary was statistically significantly related to increased odds of beginning English teachers' leaving the profession. No factors related to decreased attrition. In terms of mobility, no teacher or school characteristics were associated with migration (i.e., changing schools). Reviewing combined effects of mentoring and induction activities when controlling for teacher and school characteristics, the authors found that the results suggested none of the activities were related to attrition and migration.
The formation of prostaglandin A1-glutathione adduct in the lung.

Abstract Prostaglandin A 1 is conjugated with glutathione during passage through the pulmonary vasculature in a blood-free medium.
Isoprene emissions from a Florida scrub oak species grown in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide

Abstract The emission of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) by terrestrial vegetation is an important biosphere–atmosphere exchange which significantly impacts tropospheric chemistry. Isoprene emissions from Chapman oak ( Quercus chapmanii ) grown for over two years in elevated CO 2 levels were measured and compared to emissions from trees grown in ambient CO 2 levels in identical open-topped chambers, and emissions from ambient-grown trees were compared to emissions from trees grown in chamberless control plots. Emission rates were adjusted to 30 μmol m −2 s −1 of light intensity and 30°C, and standard T -tests were performed to compare emission rates. No significant differences in isoprene emission were found in ambient vs. elevated CO 2 grown trees, while emissions from ambient vs. control trees showed a significant chamber effect.
A self-assembled, metallo-organic supramolecular frequency doubler

The dimeric self-assembly program of a new, multidentate ligand with cuprous ions overcomes crystal packing forces, which leads to Ci symmetry in the solid state, to form a no less than partially C2-symmetric structure in solution. The resulting tetranitro-substituted dicopper(I) metallocyclophane displays an exceptionally strong second harmonic frequency response (β = (3000 ± 600) × 10−30 esu for a fundamental at 800 nm).
Transurethral removal of knotted bladder drainage catheter in a male following bladder neck reconstruction.

Abstract Removal of a knotted straight catheter transurethrally in an eight-year-old boy on clean intermittent catheterization with a history of exstrophy/epispadias and previous bladder neck reconstruction is described.
Benders' cuts guided large neighborhood search for the traveling umpire problem

This article introduces the use of Benders' cuts to guide a large neighborhood search to solve the traveling umpire problem, a sports scheduling problem inspired by the real-life needs of the officials of a sports league. At each time slot, a greedy matching heuristic is used to construct a schedule. When an infeasibility is recognized first a single step backtracking is tried to resolve the infeasibility. If unsuccessful, Benders' cuts are generated to guide a large neighborhood search to ensure feasibility and to improve the solution. Realizing the inherent symmetry present in the problem, a large family of cuts are generated and their effectiveness is tested. The resulting approach is able to find better solutions to many instances of this problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011
Design considerations for community mental health management information systems

Many community mental health centers are presently faced with the necessity of implementing a management information system. This article offers guidelines for centers dealing with this situation. Whether a center chooses to adapt an existing system or develop one of its own, careful planning prior to the implementation of the system can help ensure that it will meet the needs of the center and operate successfully. The guidelines are organized into the categories of data considerations, people considerations, and system considerations. The first two categories are of general interest, whereas the last category is more technical in nature.
Theoretical calculations of the molar volumes of atoms and molecules

Abstract In the current investigation we report on the ab initio computation of molar volumes (using the DFT/B3LYP and Hartree–Fock(HF) methods with a 6-311+G (3df) basis set) for atoms and diatomic molecules (at the experimental geometries). Although, there has been some work done on these computations, and development, our calculations suggest for the inaccuracy of these models at the limit of small molecular mass. The results of our calculations are presented.
Intestinal transplantation for patients with short gut syndrome and hypercoagulable states

Intestinal transplantation has become a life-saving procedure for patients with irreversible intestinal failure who can no longer be maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN).1 This is the first report to address the management policy and efficacy of intestinal transplantation as a rescue therapy for patients with intestinal failure and visceral vascular thrombosis.
Pentose phosphate pathway in the scyphistomae of Chrysaora quinquecirrha

Abstract 1. 1. Data obtained by two independent methods of analysis provide evidence for a functional pentose-phosphate pathway in the polyps of Chrysaora quinquecirrha. 2. 2. The first two enzymes of the pentose-phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.43), have single bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with relative mobilities of 0·20 and 0·47, respectively. 3. 3. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a particularly labile enzyme which must be stabilized by the addition of NADP during the extraction and electrophoresis procedures. 4. 4. The molar ratio of 14CO2 produced by the in vivo oxidation of [1-14C]-glucose and [6-14C]-glucose is greater than one, an observation consistent with a functional pentose-phosphate pathway.
Complexities of the Genetics of Asthma

The task of deciphering the genetics of asthma is very complex. Recent studies of the familiar segregation of asthma showed that no single gene accounts for a major part of the expression of the disease, and that a polygenic model with some evidence of an oligogenic influence (i.e., a handful of loci being responsible for most of the genetic control) provided the best fit to the data. Although a final common pathway of recurrent bronchial obstruction is present in most cases of asthma, the disease shows marked phenotypic variability, suggesting etiologic heterogeneity and strong environmental influences. In an effort to circumvent these obstacles, linkage studies for genes controlling for apparently simpler phenotypes have been attempted. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, for example, show strong familiar aggregation and are known to be strongly correlated with asthma risk. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested, however, that the inherited component of total serum IgE may be of little relevance as a determinant of asthma. Sensitization to certain aeroallergens is also associated with increased prevalence of asthma and is likely to have a genetic component, but the aeroallergens involved vary markedly with locale. In addition, sensitization to aeroallergens occurring at an early age is more strongly associated with asthma risk than late allergic sensitization, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. Therefore, studies of the genetics of phenotypes known to be strongly associated with asthma may clarify the causal role (if any) of the genes regulating their expression in the pathogenesis of asthma.
The perils of building Cold War consensus at the 1957 Moscow World Festival of Youth and Students

This article examines the Cold War meanings of the Moscow Festival of Youth and Students that attracted thirty thousand attendees in June of 1957. It argues that this festival reflected a pivotal moment in the Cold War where the Soviet leadership embraced the rising importance of culture and youth in their struggle for global consensus. It contends that while the Soviet leadership endeavored to use the festival as a vehicle for the projection of a revised, free, and peaceful Soviet populace, both the western press and the delegates themselves took actions that complicated the meanings of the festival and in turn, complicated the meanings of the cultural Cold War for domestic and international audiences alike.
Bioengineering: diagnosis on disc.

Highly complex immunoassays that identify and quantify many different antigens simultaneously need high-resolution imaging capability. A simple, low-cost technique could be music to our ears.
Initial results from the GeoSTAR-II laboratory demonstrator

The Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer (GeoSTAR) team recently concluded its second Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) IIP-07, “GeoSTAR technology development and risk reduction for PATH”. The major accomplishments during this project at JPL were:1) Demonstrate performance and scalability of the 183 GHz receivers 2) Local oscillator phasing architecture and technology 3) Subarray design validation including feedhorns, manifolds and alignment 4) System demonstration of signal distribution topology and measurements. Significant progress has been made to retiring risk of the various subsystems.
Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CℓO, Cℓ2, and Cℓ2O at 298K

Recent concern about the depletion of stratospheric ozone by chlorine species from the decomposition of chlorofluoromethanes has emphasized the need for laboratory studies of the first reaction steps involved, especially those which control the concentration of the OH and ClO radicals in the stratosphere. Rate constants for the reactions of OH with ClO, Cl2, and Cl2O at 298 K have been determined in a discharge flow system using resonance fluoresence detection. The results are (9.1 + or - 1.3) x 10 to the -12th, (5.5 + or - 0.3) x 10 to the -14th, and (6.5 + or - 0.5) x 10 to the -12th (all in units of cu cm/sec), respectively.
The vertebral artery: a review of anatomical, histopathological and functional factors influencing blood flow to the hindbrain

An uncompromised blood flow to the brain is essential for normal neurological function. If the blood supply to the hindbrain, via the paired vertebral arteries, is reduced sufficiently, signs and symptoms of tertebrobasilar ischaemia may result. There are several factors that may cause a reduction in vertebral artery blood flow. These include exostoses, such as the retroarticular canal and lateral bridge of the atlas vertebra that may cause compression of the related part of the vertebral artery; or atherosclerosis of the artery wall occluding the vessel lumen. Functional factors, such as sustained end-of-range rotation of the cervical spine, may cause distortion of the vertebral artery in the suboccipital region, which may be reflected as decreased blood flow in the suboccipital and intracranial parts of the artery. A combination of such factors is likely to cause reduced blood flow to the hindbrain. It is the purpose of this review to highlight some of the factors that may compromise vertebral artery blood flow and, therefore, to provide some evidence on which to base our professional practice.
Tort Responsibility of Mentally Disabled Persons

The standard of care to be applied in tort cases involving mentally disabled people has not been reconsidered in recent years. Traditional rationales for the “objective” standard are less persuasive in the context of current legal approaches to the rights of mentally ill and retarded persons. Analogies to children (especially the concept of “mental age”) and to physically handicapped adults merit reexamination.
Output Saturation and Linearity of Waveguide Unitraveling-Carrier Photodiodes

Waveguide unitraveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) with different absorber and collector layer doping levels have been fabricated and characterized. These photodiode (PD) structures are fabricated on a platform that allows for the monolithic integration of multiquantum-well optical phase modulators and couplers for realizing novel coherent receivers. Compared to PD A, PD B has a lower and more graded p-doping profile in the absorber layer and also a higher n-doping level in the collector layer. For PD B a larger field is induced in the absorber layer at high photocurrent levels. Also the higher n-doping in the collector layer is adequate for providing charge compensation. For PD B, there is an enhancement in the RF response as the photocurrent level is increased. At a frequency of 1 GHz, the saturation current for PD A is around 65 mA and that for PD B is around 63 mA. For PD B, the third-order output intercept point at photocurrent levels of 30 and 40 mA is 37.2 and 34.9 dBm, respectively. That for PD A is 35.8 and 30.4 dBm. PD B is, therefore, favorable for linear operation at high current levels.
Erratum to “Increased egg-laying in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) fed artificial diet supplemented with an embryonic cell line” [Biol. Control 31 (2004) 11–15]

On page 11, in line 11 of the abstract, within the parentheses, 31 lg protein should be 31 mg protein. On page 11, in line 12 of the abstract, within the parentheses, 124 lg protein should read 124 mg protein. On page 13, in lines 13 and 14 of Section 2.2.1, within the parentheses, 20.3 lg protein/1.2 ml diet should read 20.3 mg protein/1.2 ml diet. On page 13, in line 5 of Section 2.2.2, 075 should read 0.75. On page 13, in lines 6 and 7 of Section 2.2.2, 31, 62, 93, and 124 lg/1.2 ml diet, respectively, should read 31, 62, 93, and 124 mg protein/1.2 ml diet, respectively. On page 14, in the key to Fig. 2, lg protein/ml should read mg protein/ml; on the right axis, lg protein/ml diet should read mg protein/ml diet. On page 14, right-hand column, in line 13 of the second paragraph, within the parentheses, 31 lg protein should read 31 mg protein. On page 14, right-hand column, in line 14 of the second paragraph, within the parentheses, 124 lg protein should read 124 mg protein.
A new operative procedure for dupuytren's contracture

Abstract 1. 1. A procedure for a more complete removal of the palmar fascia and its deep extensions in Dupuytren's contracture is described. 2. 2. A case report is given in which this procedure resulted in complete functional restoration. No recurrence of any contracture was noted after four years.
Non-random assignment, vehicle safety inspection laws and highway fatalities

In this study, the distribution of inspection laws across states is endogenously determined by the relative strengths of lobbying groups within states. Previous studies that treat the laws as exogenous and find a 5 to 15 percent reduction in fatalities may have produced biased results. A selection bias model is developed in which non-random assignment is taken into account. Two equations are estimated: one explaining how many inspections are required, and the other explaining the effects of the inspections on fatalities per capita. Using single-equation techniques, results are obtained that are similar to prior studies. In the two-equation model that accounts for non-random assignment, inspection laws are not found to significantly reduce fatalities per capita.
Mechanistic Model of Coaxial Microfiltration for Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluid Microemulsions

This paper discusses the development of a mechanistic model that describes the rate of flow reduction (i.e., flux decline) for a semi-synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) during the application of microfiltration for extended MWF reuse and recycling. For the transport of unused semi-synthetic MWF through microfiltration membranes ranging in pore size from 0.2 to 5.0 micrometers, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) are used to identify three interdependent and sequential mechanisms of flux decline: pore constriction, pore blockage, and surface film retardation. These mechanisms are modeled together mathematically as a four-parameter model that quantitatively describes flux decline versus time for semi-synthetic MWF as a function of membrane pore size and transmembrane pressure. The four parameters of the model are the rate constants for pore constriction and pore blocking, the steady-state effective internal pore constriction, and the specific surface film resistance. Independent experimental observations confirmed both the existence of the three stages of flux decline, and the physical interpretation of the model parameters across the pore size range of polycarbonate membranes investigated. It was also found that the mechanistic model fit experimental flux data over time with low error and that the magnitudes and trends of the model parameters closely fit direct microscopic observations and expected behavior of fouled membrane surfaces. Consequently, the mechanistic model enables quantitative modeling of microscopic phenomena at the membrane surface using only macroscale flux observations. This will enable a better understanding of the relationship between MWF formulation and membrane transport in novel MWF recycling applications.
Conciliatory reflections on the procession of the Holy Spirit in Giles of Viterbo's Sentences commentary

Giles of Viterbo's early sixteenth-century commentary on Peter Lombard's Libri sententiarum includes a discussion of the controversial Western doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son (Filioque) in its regular place at distinction 11 of book 1. In treating this issue Giles remained true to his aim of producing a commentary ‘according to the mind of Plato’ (ad mentem Platonis). Giles had access to the dialogues of Plato but only limited access to original texts of the Greek Fathers. Nevertheless, he reviewed the Filioque controversy in a manner which respects the sententia Graecorum, even disagreeing with a line of argumentation championed by scholastic supporters of the Augustinian tradition, including Thomas Aquinas, over the related question of whether it should be said that there is one spirator or plural spiratores. Giles' conciliatory position owes much to his intellectual environment, which fostered a renewed admiration for Hellenism and classical humanism. Working largely without benefit of the emerging rediscovery of Eastern patristic theology Giles nevertheless reassesses the arguments for and against the Filioque which he received from the Latin scholastic tradition, seeking, as he does throughout his commentary, what is true on both sides of apparently divergent teachings on divine mystery.
Optimal design of accelerated life testing plans under progressive censoring

This article investigates the design of accelerated life testing plans under progressive censoring when test units experience competing failure modes and are subjected to either single or multiple stress types. The optimal test plan results in failure data at accelerated conditions that can then be used to obtain accurate reliability prediction at normal conditions. The new test plan criterion is based on the minimization of the asymptotic variance of the mean time of first failure and meets practical constraints. Numerical examples based on parameters from a real test are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
On classes of computable functions

The complexity closure of a computable function is defined by a set of axioms. The axioms are satisfied by complexity classes that are computation time closed and also by other complexity classes which do not have this property. It is then shown that there exist honest recursive functions whose complexity closure are setwise incomparable. Further that there exist chains of honest recursive functions whose complexity closures are densely ordered under set inclusion.
Comprehending non-linear text: the role of discourse cues and reading strategies

By studying the structure of written discourse and the processes by which readers acquire information from texts, we have learned a great deal about how to design texts that facilitate learning. However, recent advances in computer technology have enabled the development of new forms of text that violate standard assumptions of what texts are like. These new forms may pose serious problems for learning because they lack discourse features that readers rely on for assimilating new information. In particular, readers traditionally rely on the writer to determine the sequence of topics and to employ conventional cues that signal relationships among topics, such as relative importance or chronology. However, on-line hypertext systems present texts non-linearly, requiring readers to decide what information to read and in what order. This paper assesses the potential impact of non-linear texts on theories of discourse and on current cognitive theories of text processing. It also describes research in progress on readers' sequencing strategies in hypertext. Research on the effect of hypertext on reading will have important practical implications for designing hypertext systems that satisfy readers' needs.
Regarding the banded appearance of directionally solidified α-poly(propylene)

Abstract A recent paper (P. Smith and A. J. Pennings, Europ. Polym. J . 12 , 781, 1976) reported the appearance of banded α-spherulites in directionally solidified isotactic poly(propylene). An interpretation of this morphological feature is offered, attributing the rings to instabilities of the crystallization temperature probably caused by non-uniform zone velocities. The role of thermal degradation on the observed morphology is also briefly discussed.
Psychotherapy for medicare patients: can psychologists do the job?

Summary.-The recent debate concerning the legitimacy of allowing psychologists to bill the government directly for psychotherapy provided to Medicare patients is crirically evaluated. A review of outcome studies of psychotherapy in general and psychogeriatric studies in particular suggests that the government's insistence that further evidence be provided that psychotherapy "works" is misdirected. Given the large proportion of elderly individuals in poor mental health and data indicating that once brought into the mental health system they respond particulatly well to psychotherapeutic intervention, psychologists should be granted the same eligibility status as physicians. A hornevisit intervention program is outlined which would increase access to care, involve psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, and other professionals and personnelin-training, and monitor elderly patients' mental and physical health. The past decade has seen a tremendous growth in concern for the steadily increasing population of elderly individuals in this country. Much attention in particular has focused on mental health needs and the efficacy and appropriateness of psychotherapy. Yet proportionately few of the aged-4specially those who are poor-ever receive psychotherapeutic services even though Medicare provides for partial coverage of costs of psychotherapy. Recently, there has been speculation that if psychologiscs (and other mental health professionals) could be directly reimbursed for treating Medicare patients, the mentally ill and distressed aged might be better served. In this paper, we take note of the available evidence regarding the so-called efficacy of psychotherapy, is usefulness with elderly clients, and the more active role psychologiscs might play. We also outline an intervention prototype and policy recommendation that is explicitly sensitive to psychologists' qualifications and the mental and physical health requirements of the aged. Marshall (1980a, 1980b) and Foltz (1980a, 1980b) have recently summarized the tempest currently brewing among policymakers, legislators, and mental health professionals over mental health care for the aged. At issue is whether qualified psychologists may be added co the ranks of psychiatrists who are already allowed to bill che government for providing psychotherapy to clients covered by Medicare insurance. Those opposed to the proposition, in 'We thank Fred L. Stodtbeck for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Center for Work and Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health. Direct correswndence to Tack S~aracino. Yankelovich, Shlly and White, Inc., 969 High Ridge ~d., Stamford, a 06j05
Results from ORNL Characterization of Archive German Particles

This document is a compilation of the characterization data obtained on a sample of TRISO-coated 500 {micro}m UO{sub 2} produced by the Germans and obtained by the AGR program for use as a reference material. This sample came from the EUO 2358-2365 composite studied by General Atomics (GA) and referenced in GA document No.910852 'Acceptance Test report for German Fuel Particles'. The ORNL designation for the material characterized was AGR-06.