cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of coastal land use restrictions on housing prices: A repeat sale analysis

Abstract In 1986, the Critical Areas Commission of the state of Maryland established a set of land use restrictions that limit residential development on land abutting the Chesapeake Bay. In this paper 1 estimate the effect of these restrictions on housing prices in one county on the Bay. I use a repeat sale analysis—inferring the effect of restrictions by observing price changes on houses that sold both before and after the restrictions were enacted. Housing prices in the Critical Area with water frontage increased by 46–62% due to restrictions. Housing prices in the Critical Area without frontage increased by 14–27% and prices near but not in the Critical Area increased by 13–21%.
Pericarditis in children

Abstract The experience with pericarditis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center of Boston during the past ten years is reviewed. The clinical features of the most common etiologic groups, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infection and the benign idiopathic group, are presented. The problem of differentiating between pericardial effusion and cardiac dilatation is considered, and the most helpful methods of diagnosis are discussed. The therapy of the more frequent etiologic forms is indicated.
Barium distinguishes separate calcium targets for synthesis and secretion of peptides in neuroendocrine cells.

Abstract The effect of barium and potassium on the secretion and biosynthesis of enkephalin in bovine chromaffin cells, and prolactin and β-endorphin in rat anterior pituitary cells, was examined to determine whether calcium-dependent secretion and biosynthesis are mediated by the same or by different calcium targets within the neuroendocrine cell. In the presence of 1.8 mM calcium, barium and potassium stimulated the secretion of all three peptides over 30 min, and increased the levels of proenkephalin and prolactin mRNA in 24 hr. These effects were inhibited by the calcium channel blocker D600. When the extracellular calcium concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM or less, secretion elicited by potassium was blocked, whereas secretion elicited by barium was enhanced, indicating that barium wholly substitutes for extracellular calcium in mediating peptide secretion. On the other hand, stimulation of proenkephalin and prolactin mRNA by both potassium and barium was inhibited when the extracellular calcium concentration was reduced. We conclude that calcium acts at two different intracellular targets to activate secretion versus biosynthesis of both enkephalin and prolactin. This appears to be the first report in which two different calcium-dependent processes in the intact cell are distinguished by a calcium ion agonist. Calcium-dependent processes such as protein phosphorylation, protein translocation, and enzyme activation may thus be related to events in the intact cell such as peptide synthesis and secretion on the basis of selective stimulation by barium.
VAUCHERIA SYNANDRA (XANTHOPHYCEAE, VAUCHERIALES): FIRST RECORD FOR NORTH AMERICA1

SUMMARY The brackish water species, Vaucheria synandra Woronin, common to Europe, is reported for the first time in North America from a coastal swamp area in Louisiana. The material from Louisiana is described and pictured, and is compared to other Vaucheria species with androphores.
Development of a low glucosinolate, high erucic acid rapeseed breeding program

A breeding program to develop a low glucosinolate, high erucic acid rapeseed cultivar was begun in 1969 at Oregon State University. (This was preceded by the agronomic evaluation of rapeseed as a crop in the years 1966–68). The breeding program initiated in 1969 utilized existing stock with previously established desirable agronomic traits. At the same time, increased plantings of seed stock with variable quantities of glucosinolates and erucic acid were established. Work was conducted during the 1969–71 period on 2Brassica species,B. napus andB. campestris. It was known that erucic acid content was governed by 2 genes, displaying no dominance and acting in an additive manner inB. napus, whereas, inB. campestris, erucic acid synthesis was controlled by a single, non-dominant gene. The acid composition of the oil was controlled by the genotype of the developing embryo seed on F1 plants which constitutes the F2 population. The “half-seed” technique developed in Canada was found to be a useful tool to identify high erucic acid genotypes 1 generation earlier than if bulk samples were used. The 1969–71 work revolved around certain specific reciprocal crosses between high erucic, low glucosinolate parents within bothB. napus andB. campestris. This method was successful in increasing or maintaining the erucic acid levels in both species, whereas, only limited success had been noted in lowering the glucosinolate levels. Results so far suggest backcrossing as a useful tool in maintaining a low glucosinolate level while increasing the general agronomic desirability of the crop. Several new valuable sources of germ plasm for high erucic acid and low glucosinolate level have been added to the program. Future plans for changes in the approach and breeding procedures to increase erucic acid and lower glucosinolates level are reviewed.
MEMS Gyroscopes Susceptibility to High Frequency Acoustic Noise

MEMS gyroscopes are becoming more prevalent in inexpensive inertial measurement units used in a variety of harsh environments. It has been shown in previous studies that high power high frequency acoustic noise can have a detrimental effect on these devices. This study examines the threshold of the sound power levels required at these high frequencies to generate detrimental effects on the output of MEMS gyroscopes. This study provides basic background work for further research into mitigation techniques for higher powered high frequency acoustic noise.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Systemic (serum) soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in corneal transplant recipients

Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (sIL-2R), a measure of T cell activation, have been used as a serum marker for early rejection in solid organ transplant patients. In this preliminary study, we measured sequential sIL-2R levels of 53 otherwise immunologically normal corneal transplant recipients. Eleven of these transplants rejected; sIL-2R was significantly elevated during the acute rejection episode, compared to pre-rejection and post-rejection levels (p = 0.01). Five patients' sIL-2R rose one to nine months prior to rejection. These data indicate that sIL-2R levels may correlate with corneal graft rejection and may be predictive of impending rejection. A larger prospective study with many immunologically normal patients and careful monitoring of sIL-2R levels prior to and during the acute rejection episode will be necessary to determine the value of sIL-2R monitoring as a predictive tool for corneal graft rejection.
The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models

Bifactor latent structures were introduced over 70 years ago, but only recently has bifactor modeling been rediscovered as an effective approach to modeling construct-relevant multidimensionality in a set of ordered categorical item responses. I begin by describing the Schmid-Leiman bifactor procedure (Schmid & Leiman, 1957), and highlight its relations with correlated-factors and second-order exploratory factor models. After describing limitations of the Schmid-Leiman, two newer methods of exploratory bifactor modeling are considered, namely, analytic bifactor (Jennrich & Bentler, 2011) and target bifactor rotations (Reise, Moore, & Maydeu-Olivares, 2011). In section two, I discuss limited and full-information estimation approaches to confirmatory bifactor models that have emerged from the item response theory and factor analysis traditions, respectively. Comparison of the confirmatory bifactor model to alternative nested confirmatory models and establishing parameter invariance for the general factor also are discussed. In the final section, important applications of bifactor models are reviewed. These applications demonstrate that bifactor modeling potentially provides a solid foundation for conceptualizing psychological constructs, constructing measures, and evaluating a measure's psychometric properties. However, some applications of the bifactor model may be limited due to its restrictive assumptions.
Extreme Electronic Modulation of the Cofacial Porphyrin Structural Motif

The synthesis, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy of an extensive series of cofacial bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] compounds are reported. These species were synthesized using sequential palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and cobalt-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. This modular methodology enables facile control of the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity and allows unprecedented modulation of the redox properties of face-to-face porphyrin species. We report the synthesis of 5,6-bis[(5',5''-10',20'-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (1), 5,6-bis[(2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (2), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5"-10'',20''-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (3), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5' '-10' ',20' '-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (4), 5-(2'-5',10',15',20'-[tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(2''-5'',10'',15'',20''-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (5), 5,6-bis([2'-5',15'-diphenyl-10',20'-(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (6), and 5,6-bis([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (7); 4-7 define the first examples of cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] compounds in which sigma-electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl groups serve as macrocycle substituents, while 2, 6, and 7 constitute the first such structures that possess a beta-to-beta linkage topology. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the electrochemically determined HOMO and LUMO energy levels of these cofacial bis(porphinato) complexes can be lowered by 780 and 945 mV, respectively, relative to the archetypal members of this class of compounds; importantly, these orbital energy levels can be modulated over well-defined increments throughout these wide potentiometric domains. Analyses of these cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] potentiometric data, in terms of the absolute and relative frontier orbital energies of their constituent [porphinato]zinc(II) building blocks, as well as the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity, provide predictive electronic structural models that rationalize the redox behavior of these species.
BLACK STUDENTS' PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH ORIGINALITY AND ELABORATION

Summary.-Using a multidimensional model of creativity, a study was made of the personality traits that differentiate black subjects high on figural originality and elaboration from those who are low. To 392 black undergraduates we administered Figural Form A of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and questionnaires, What Kind of Person Are You and Something About Myself. Using the upper and lower 25% for an item analysis, 10 and 12 items differentiated the high and low orig~nal th~nkers on What Kind of Person Are You and Something About Myself, respectively, while high and low elaborators were differentiated on 9 and 13 items, respectively. The findings seem to corroborate the prevailing opinion that different personaliry trairs are associated with figural originality and elaboration. Using multi-dimensional models of creativity, Ashton (1974) and Kaltsounis (197613) were able to identify certain personality characteristics which differentiated predominantly white subjects high on figural originality from those who are low and those high on figural elaboration from those who are low. Ashton used Torrance's test of Thinking Creatively With Picrures, Form A and the questionnaire, What Kind of Person Are You, while Kaltsounis used Torrance's test of Thinking Creatively With Pictures, Form A and the questionnaire, Something About Myself. The merits of using a multidimensional model as opposed to a uni-dimensional model of creativity have been adcquately defended by Ashton (1974). The present investigation was undertaken to show whether Ashton's and Kaltsounis's findings with predominantly white undergraduate subjects would emerge in the case of black undergraduate subjects. PROCEDURE Figural Form A of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1973) was used to identify groups of high and low original thinkers and elaborators. This instrument was chosen because in it the concepts of originality and elaboration are well developed and much research has been done with it. The evidence for test-retest reliability, scoring reliability, and validity are summarized in the norms-technical manual (Torrance, 1966, 1973). Test-retest reliabilities for subjects in Grades K-12 average about 30; scoring reliabilities for some subjects are consistently above .9O; and long-range predictive validity after 12 yr. is .51 for 254 subjects. Torrance describes original thinkers as follows: ". . . they are able to
Substrate-induced raman frequency variation for single-walled carbon nanotubes

We report on the monotonic Raman frequency shift and intensity variation when a laser spot moves along the same single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) for both the radial-breathing mode (RBM) and the G-band. Our substrates are Si wafers coated with thermal oxide, and trenches with widths of 1−80 μm are etched in the SiO2 by photolithography and reactive ion etching. SWNTs are grown by chemical vapor deposition and lie on top of the SiO2 and across the trenches. When the laser spot moves from the middle of the trench to the SiO2 region along the nanotube, we observe a clear upshift in the RBM and G-band frequencies and a decrease of intensity. The effect is more significant with large (∼2 nm) diameter nanotubes and appears to be chirality dependent. These studies provide important information about environmental effects on single-walled carbon nanotube resonant Raman spectroscopy.
A method for studying the integral functionals of stochastic processes with applications. III

Abstract : This paper is a continuation of the results presented in two earlier papers[20], [21] and may be read as the sequel. A brief account of their results will, however, be given here in order to make this paper self contained. The subject under study is the distribution of the integrals...(truncated).
Technology, Place, and the Nonmodern Thesis

Proposals for regionalist architecture have appeared regularly in architectural discourse since the seventeenth century. Central to this discourse are shifting attitudes toward the core concepts of technology and place. Moderns, it seems, tend to value technology and devalue place. Postmoderns do the opposite - they value place and devalue technology. The doctrines of critical regionalism defy categorization because they value both technology and place positively. However, by deriving its program equally from the modern assumptions of Jurgen Habermas and from the postmodern assumption of Martin Heidegger, critical regionalism presents a philosophical antinomy, or unresolvable conflict. It is this conflict that suggests a nonmodern thesis for architecture.
Fluid Reasoning and the Developing Brain

Fluid reasoning is the cornerstone of human cognition, both during development and in adulthood. Despite this, the neural mechanisms underlying the development of fluid reasoning are largely unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of this important cognitive ability, the method of measurement, its changes over the childhood and adolescence of an individual, and its underlying neurobiological underpinnings. We review important findings from psychometric, cognitive, and neuroscientific literatures, and outline important future directions for this interdisciplinary research.
Human p52Shc Conformational Bias and Localization in c-SRC Activation

c-SRC is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that serves as an upstream regulatory molecule for a wide array of signaling cascades and proteins such as C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Chronic JNK activation is known to alter cellular function and lead to human disease including peripheral insulin resistance in type II diabetes. Thus, modulating c-SRC activation via therapeutic intervention is a potential means for treating human disease. c-SRC is activated by saturated fatty acids and cytoplasmic regulatory proteins. One such protein, p52Shc, associates with c-SRC in membrane fractions leading to JNK activation via phosphorylation of both c-SRC and p52Shc. The mechanism by which this occurs isn't known. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the p52Shc - c-SRC association as a means to determine how c-SRC is activated.In order to study the binding between c-SRC and p52shc, we expressed both proteins in Escherichia coli and purified them for biochemical and biophysical characterization. We demonstrate that full-length human p52Shc partitions between both membrane and soluble fractions with distinct biophysical, conformational and associative properties. The soluble and membrane associated p52Shc forms have different buffer preferences. Furthermore, the membrane associated form shows two circular dichroism minima at 222 nm and 208 nm while the soluble form shows only one distinct minimum at 210 nm. This is surprising considering the thermal unfolding is the same between both forms. This data would suggest that conformational differences between the two p52Shc forms are important in the binding and activation of c-SRC. Binding studies with both forms and c-SRC are currently underway.
A Novel Ultrasensitive Hybridization-Based ELISA Method for 2-Methoxyphosphorothiolate MicroRNAs and Its In vitro and In vivo Application

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNAs and regulate their expression. Recent evidence has indicated the involvement of miRNAs in human malignancies. It has been suggested that aberrantly down-regulated or up-regulated miRNAs may be replaced with synthetic miRNAs or antagomiRNAs, respectively, and restore normal cell functions. As therapeutic development requires analytical support, we developed and validated an ultrasensitive and selective assay for quantification of synthetic 2′-methoxyphosphorothiolate-miRNA in mouse plasma and cell lysate for the first time. The method is based on a hybridization-ligation fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and has provided a linear dynamic range of 10-1,000,000 pM for three synthetic miRNAs both singly and in a mixture. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were <20% and the accuracy values nearly 100%. Using this assay, we performed pharmacokinetic studies of three synthetic miRNAs in mice treated with a single i.v. bolus dose of 7.5 mg kg−1. The 2-methoxyphosphorothiolate-miRNAs reached peak concentrations in the μM and nM ranges in plasma and bone marrow, respectively, and remained measurable at 24 h. These concentrations are in a range that shows biological activities. We conclude that this method provides a general and valuable tool for the pharmacologic study and clinical development of synthetic miRNAs.
Effects of chronic paroxetine administration on measures of aggressive and impulsive responses of adult males with a history of conduct disorder.

Rationale: The role of serotonin in human aggression and impulsivity was evaluated by administering paroxetine or placebo for 3 weeks and comparing the effects on laboratory measures of aggression and impulsivity among male subjects with a history of conduct disorder. Methods: Twelve male subjects with a history of criminal behavior participated in experimental sessions, which measured aggressive and impulsive responses. Six subjects were assigned to placebo treatment and six subjects to placebo and paroxetine treatment. Aggression was measured using the point subtraction aggression paradigm (PSAP), which provides subjects with an aggressive and monetary reinforced response options. Impulsive responses were measured using a paradigm that gives subjects choices between small rewards after short delays versus larger rewards after longer delays. Results: Chronic administration of paroxetine (20 mg/day) for 21 days produced significant decreases in impulsive responses. Decreases in aggressive responses were evident only at the end of paroxetine treatment. Decreases in impulsive and aggressive responses could not be attributed to a non-specific sedative action because monetary reinforced responses were not decreased as has been observed following CNS sedation. Conclusions: Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by paroxetine is the possible mechanism for reductions in aggressive and impulsive responses. These results support other data linking serotonin function and aggression and impulsivity.
Fast head - tail instability with space charge

The fast head-tail instability with space charge is studied using series expansion techniques, numerical simulations, and a new formulation which allows for precise estimates of growth rates and thresholds. In regimes where they are reliable, all three techniques predict that space charge suppresses the fast head-tail instability. It is found that the series expansion techniques are unreliable for parameter regimes commonly employed in hadron accelerators. The numerical techniques are less prone to error, but the computational requirements become severe as space charge tune shifts increase. The new model has neither of these problems, but it underestimates the benefits of chromaticity, at least in its simplest form.
Micellar dispersion of α-monoglycerides in benzene and chlorobenzene

Abstract Hardly any data are available on the behavior of oil-soluble, pure, nonionic detergents in solution. In view of this, a series of α-monoesters of glycerol and normal fatty acids (C 10 , C 12 , C 14 , C 16 , C 18 ) have been prepared. These compounds are surface-active in benzene and chlorobenzene. By means of light scattering, it is shown that they form small micelles in these solvents. In a better solvent, like chloroform, they exhibit molecular dispersion. It is found that small amounts of impurities, like free fatty acid and free glycerol, enhance the scattering considerably. The systems are not sensitive to traces of water. From the infrared spectra evidence is gained for the existence of inter molecular hydrogen bonding in the micelles in benzene, whereas only intra molecular hydrogen bonds are found to exist in chloroform. The experimental decrease in micellar size with increasing C-number, and the decrease in size when passing from benzene to chlorobenzene as a solvent, can be explained by existing theories.
A Process-Oriented Approach to Teaching Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry Residency Training

Although the importance of addressing issues of spirituality and religion is increasingly acknowledged within psychiatry training, many questions remain about how to best teach relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Current literature on curricula highlights the importance of maintaining a clinical focus and the balance between didactic content and process issues. The authors present findings from a program evaluation study of a course on religion, spirituality, and psychiatry that deliberately takes a primarily process-oriented, clinically focused approach. Two six-session courses were offered. The first course targeted fourth-year psychiatry residents and the second targeted third-year psychiatry residents. Teaching sessions consisted of brief didactics combined with extensive process-oriented discussion. A two-person faculty team facilitated the courses. Clinical case discussions were integrated throughout the curriculum. A panel of chaplains was invited to participate in one session of each course to discuss the interface between spiritual counsel and psychiatry. A modified version of the Course Impact Questionnaire, a 20-item Likert scale utilized in previous studies of spirituality curricula in psychiatry, assessed residents’ personal spiritual attitudes, competency, change in professional practice, and change in professional attitudes before and after the course (N = 20). Qualitative feedback was also elicited through written comments. The results from this study showed a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test scale for residents’ self-perceived competency and change in professional practice. The findings suggest improvement in competency and professional practice scores in residents who participated in this course. This points toward the overall usefulness of the course and suggests that a process-oriented approach may be effective for discussing religion and spirituality in psychiatric training.
Hydroxyl Formation Mechanisms and Models in High-Altitude Hypersonic Flows

The formation of vibrationally hot OH isexamined for a raree ed e ow about a sphere at 80 and 100 km using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Four main processes are considered leading to OH production in the e ow, which include water dissociation, exchange reaction between water and atomic oxygen, and exchange reactions between hydrogen (H and H 2) and oxygen (O 2 and O). The principal mechanism of OH production at 100 km is shown to be the H+O 2 !OH+O reaction, with the maximum OH temperature greater than 5000 K. Water dissociation is found to be the most important source of OH at 80 km, with the maximum vibrational temperature of approximately 2500 K. The molecular dynamics results incorporated into the direct simulation Monte Carlo method areused to simulate waterdissociation by N 2 and arecompared to theresultsobtained by theconventional total collision energy model. The OH spatial distribution along the stagnation line predicted by the molecular dynamics approach is signie cantly different than that obtained with the total collisional energy model. I. Introduction T HE modeling of ultraviolet emissions from hypersonic bow shocks provides an indication of the e owe eld gas properties and compliments the usual hypersonic e ight surface diagnostics of temperature and pressure. Moreover, the prediction of ultraviolet radiation from hypersonic vehicles is an important engineering application relevant to the prediction of passive optical signatures. Despite the strong operational and scientie c reasons for measuring opticalemissionsfromhypersonicvehicles,suchdataarerare.Spectral radiation from high-energy raree ed e ows provides a sensitive metric for the evaluation of energy exchange and chemical reaction models. The bow shock ultraviolet e ight experiments 1 (BSUV) obtained spectra of OH( A 2 6 C i X 2 5) UV radiation between altitudes of 100 and 80 km. These experiments indicate that the OH( A) species formed in raree ed, high-energy e ows have internal energies much greater than that of the bulk e ow. Because there are so few collisions in these e ows, the spectral data may be used to test the ability of theory to model near-nascent distributions of chemically produced radiating species and energy exchange. The UV spectra of OH(A) are well dee ned and originate from a single excited electronic state. Under raree ed conditions, the OH( A) UV spectra are sensitive to the chemical processes involved in OH formation. UV radiation from the OH ( A) system has been studied extensively in the combustion and atmospheric sciences communities. 2 Earlier work 3 demonstrated thesensitivity oftheOHspectrato variationinthevibrationaltemperature.Itwasshownthattheratioofthe peakheightsat2800 ƒ
The effect of ionic dissociation and recombination on the relaxation of charge in low dielectric constant fluids

Abstract The equation of charge transport in the absence of diffusion and convection, but with finite rates of ionic dissociation and recombination taken into account, is developed and solved for a system in which a uniformly charged low dielectric constant fluit is allowed to relax its charge at its boundaries. Solutions are given in analytic form for certain physically possible situations; but in general, numerical solution of the highly non-linear ODE must be resorted to. When the positive and negative ions have similar diffusivities (or mobilities), the rates of relaxation are not very dependent upon the dissociation and recombination rates unless the time for ion equilibration is large compared with the relaxation time of the uncharged fluid. If the fluid contains positive charge, the relaxation rate is but little affected by differences in ion diffusivities when the diffusivity of the positive ion is greater than that of the negative ion. If the negative ion diffusivity is greater, however, the rate of relaxation is much slowed when the charge density is large and the ion equilibration time is small compared with the relaxation time of the uncharged fluid.
Reliability of Optimal Control Strategies for Photochemical Air Pollution

This study illustrates how consideration of modeling uncertainties can affect optimal control strategies for urban ozone. Control strategies are investigated for illustrative cases of air parcel trajectories ending at Azusa, CA, and Riverside, CA, on August 28, 1987. The control strategies are designed to achieve a specified air quality target with a given reliability, considering uncertainties in the California Institute of Technology's trajectory model and its inputs, including uncertainties in emissions and in the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism. A decoupled stochastic optimization scheme is used to solve the chance-constrained programming problem. Least-cost control strategies derived using nominal model inputs and parameter values have low reliability for some target O 3 concentrations when uncertainties are taken into account. For the case considered, reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from motor vehicles is identified as the least-cost approach to meeting O 3 targets at Azusa. However, the optimal control strategies for Riverside depend on the target O 3 concentrations and the level of reliability required. Consideration of model uncertainty is found to shift the focus from VOC controls to nitrogen oxide controls for the Riverside trajectory.
Urban Form and Pedestrian Choices: Study of Austin Neighborhoods

Supporters of the New Urbanism suggest that the right design will encourage walking, thereby encouraging interaction and a greater sense of community and discouraging automobile dependence. Existing research provides insufficient evidence to support this belief, however, largely because of limitations in the data and methodologies that researchers have used. The research described moves beyond a simple test of correlations to an exploration of how urban form fits into a more comprehensive model of choices about pedestrian trips. First, a model for individual choices about pedestrian trips is proposed. Second, the results of a study of six neighborhoods in Austin, Texas, are presented. Data from a survey of residents in these neighborhoods support the proposed model and suggest that certain aspects of urban form can play an important role in encouraging walks to a destination but that the savings in travel from the substitution of walking for driving is likely to be small.
Genetic analysis of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c structural requirements: suppression of Gly6 replacements by an Asn52----Ile replacement.

Abstract Gly6 (vertebrate numbering system) is an evolutionarily invariant amino acid located in an electron-dense region of cytochrome c. Serine, cysteine, and aspartic acid replacements of Gly6 abolished yeast iso-1-cytochrome c function, presumably by destabilizing the mature forms of the altered proteins (1). Here we report that genetic reversion analysis of these mutants has uncovered a single base-pair substitution, encoding an Asn52 → Ile replacement, that suppresses all three position 6 defects, as well as a Gly6 … Gly29 → Ser6 … Ser29 double replacement. In each case the suppressor restored at least partial function to the altered iso-1-cytochromes c, with the Ser6 … Ile52 protein being nearly indistinguishable from the normal protein. The suppressor also affected otherwise normal iso-1-cytochrome c, enhancing the in vivo amount of the protein by about 20%. While this work was in progress, Das et al. (1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 496–499) uncovered Ile52 as a suppressor of single Gly29 and His33 replacements in iso-1-cytochrome c. The ability of IIe52 to suppress amino acid replacements at three different sites, and its effect in isolation from the primary mutations, defines Ile52 as a global suppressor of specific iso-1-cytochrome c structural defects. These data suggest that position 52 plays a critical role in the folding and/ or stability of iso- 1-cytochrome c.
High-precision frequency measurements in thermal 133Cs cell

The saturated absorption spectrum of D2 line in Cs was investigated using two diode lasers emitting at 852 nm. It was obtained in a 5 cm long Cs cell at room temperature. The frequency scale was calibrated using the beat note signal from a fast photodetector on which the two laser beams were combined. In order to eliminate the effect of the reference laser frequency drift, a two-laser beam optical arrangement producing the saturated absorption was used. A simple model giving the number of observed peaks and the frequency intervals between them was developed. The two spectra corresponding to the two ground state components of Cs were fitted using a Lorentz profile as a model function and the obtained frequency intervals were compared with the Cs atom hyperfine splittings.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bifunctional Thiophene Molecules Coordinated to Ruthenium

A series of unsymmetrical bi- and tetrathiophenes have been synthesized with bipyridine and phosphonic acid functional groups. To do this, phosphonic esters were bonded to thiophenes and the thiophenes coupled to bipyridine. After synthesis of the thienylbipyridines, bis(bipyridine) ruthenium was coordinated to them through the bipyridines. The thienylbipyridines absorb visible light and fluoresce; however, on attachment to ruthenium, both their fluorescence and that of ruthenium are quenched. An additional effect of coordinating ruthenium to the thiophenes is a new absorption band around 470 nm. Variation in oligothiophene length and bipyridine substitution position allowed comparison of the effect of these variables on electronic properties. The longer oligothiophenes display lower-energy absorptions and emissions than that of the shorter thiophenes. In contrast, the position of the bipyridine attachment does not have a large effect on the absorbance or emission wavelength, or on the fluorescence quantu...
Dramaturgy, Citizenship, and Queerness: Contemporary Mexican Political Cabaret

Contemporary Mexican cabaret is an art genre akin to theater and based in part on the popular tent theater (Teatro de Carpa) of the 1920s and 1930s. It is profoundly connected to the exercise of critical citizenship vis-a-vis Mexican neoliberalism. Many of its artists are part of a deviation from the sexual norm in that they challenge the predominant conceptions of gender and sexuality in national discourse. The fact that cabaret attracts an audience beyond purely commercial entertainment can be interpreted in terms of Slavoj Žižek’s proposal that the organic symbolic links created by communities are gradually being eliminated in favor a single form of relationship, the economic one. Mexican cabaret calls into question nationalistic collective models and proposes alternatives to the uniform cultural production of subjectivities and sexualities. In doing so it calls attention to the fragmentation and multiplicity of Mexican reality and especially to the need for nondogmatic and queer perceptions of it.
When do you follow the (national) leader? Party switching by subnational legislators in Japan

In 1993, after 38 years of single-party control, more than 20% of Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) House of Representatives members left the party to form new alternatives and create an anti-LDP coalition government. However, despite substantial popular support, the new parties attracted few subnational politicians. The effect of this lack of subnational party switching was substantial since the relatively small pool of subnational defectors meant that the new parties had difficulty forming the strong subnational bases of support that would help them to compete with the LDP in the future. In this paper, we consider why so few subnational politicians were willing to switch to these new party alternatives. Using case studies and conditional logit analysis of party affiliation pattern among prefectural assembly members in Japan, we find that party switching was most common among subnational politicians who had powerful patrons who had also left the LDP and had maintained especially good access to central government largesse. We also find that subnational politicians from urban areas, which depend less upon central government pork, were considerably less likely to switch parties, than their rural counterparts.
Thermotropic polyarylates derived from substituted hydroquinones and p-terphenyl-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid

Abstract Polyarylates from substituted hydroquinones (HQs) and p -terphenyl-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid (TPDA) that were modified with 1,2-bis(phenoxy)ethane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (PEC), 1,2-bis(2-chlorophenoxy)ethane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (ClPEC), terephthalic acid (TA) and p -hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) were prepared and their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. These polyarylates exhibited liquid crystallinity at about the same temperatures as polyarylates derived from substituted HQs and 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid (BB). However, as-spun fibers and injection-molded specimens of these polyarylates exhibited lower moduli than those of substituted HQs and BB that were modified with PEC, Cl-PEC and TA.
Emergencies in Children and Young Adults with Central Nervous System Tumors

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood and adolescence. Evaluation and management of patients with CNS tumors by emergency medicine practitioners are critically important at the time of initial diagnosis as well as during emergency department visits for treatment-related complications. Increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, spinal cord compression, or seizures may occur as a result of direct tumor disruption of normal CNS structures. For those patients who require radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, recognition of common adverse events from these treatment modalities is important for accurate diagnoses and management in the emergency department. Emergencies in survivors of childhood CNS tumors are also reviewed.
Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrole/ kodak aq composite polymeric films

Abstract The anodic polymerization of pyrrole (P) onto glassy carbon in an aqueous solution of the Kodak-AQ poly(ester sulfonic acid) polyelectrolyte gives a PP/AQ composite film. While incorporated as charge compensators during the anodic growth of PP, the entangled AQ− chains cannot easily diffuse out upon reduction. The composite layer, resulting from such unique use of AQ ionomers (as electrolyte and dopant) possesses the features of both its conducting polymer and cation exchanger components. These include effective loading of hydrophobic cations, potential switch effect or permselective response. For example, the uptake of Ru(bpy)2+3 by the AQ anion, residing in the conducting polymer, is facilitated by an electrochemical event (reduction of the film to PP0/AQ−). Similarly, the redox switchable PP component offers electrochemical control of the release of loaded cations. These and other attractive properties of PP/AQ composite layers are explored by cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, potentiometry and flow injection amperometry.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CLASS IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND COGNITION.

Language is a dimension through which unfavorable environment can inhibit development. Interrelationships among language and some demographic variables are reported for 292 children. Findings were that both lower-class and minority group status are associated with poorer language functioning. This association is stronger for fifth than for first grade children. Implications are drawn for the school's role.
HybridSpace: Integrating 3D freehand input and stereo viewing into traditional desktop applications

Technologies for 3D input and output are rapidly advancing, and are becoming more common in home and workplace environments. However, viewing a stereoscopic display can cause eye strain and fully relying on 3D spatial interactions can be fatiguing and may be less efficient for common 2D tasks. In this paper we explore the design possibilities of transitioning between 2D and 3D modalities to best support the user's current task. In a formal study, we demonstrate that a Hybrid interaction technique, that transitions between 2D display and input, to 3D, mid-task, outperforms 2D only and 3D only techniques. Guided by this result, we present HybridSpace, a proof-of-concept modeling environment that combines the benefits of 2D and 3D input and output modalities within a single coherent interface.
Developing and Assessing Statewide Competencies for Engineering Design

An assessment system was developed and piloted in Washington state to evaluate the engineering design competence of community college transfer students and continuing students at Washington State University (WSU) and the University of Washington (UW). A multiple measured approach was employed consisting of a multiple-choice assessment, a team design performance assessment, and an essay, each administered to junior level students at WSU and UW. These assessments covered important design and design-related outcomes valued by the engineering community in Washington and expected of junior level engineering students. Scoring criteria were developed by engineering faculty for the team design and essay components. The assessment results provide faculty and other decision makers at community colleges and four-year institutions with data they need to determine the extent to which students are meeting design competency expectations. Moreover, the approach described in this paper illustrates how institutions can productively address the ABET Engineering Criteria 2000 requirements by developing the assessment support that engineering educators need to make informed programmatic decisions and achieve continuous quality improvement.
Vertebral augmentation in osteoporotic and osteolytic fractures.

Purpose of review To discuss recent advances in percutaneous minimally invasive vertebral augmentation techniques used in the treatment of osteolytic and osteoporotic compression fractures. Recent findings Recent data have shown that outcomes in patients with vertebral compression fractures treated with vertebral augmentation techniques have been encouraging. Several studies demonstrated the positive effects of vertebral augmentation on maintenance of postoperative pain reduction at long-term follow-up. There is more evidence on the relationship between vertebral augmentation and adjacent segment vertebral compression fractures. In addition, the literature verifies that good outcomes can be expected in patients with spinal metastases and multiple myeloma. Summary The incidence of symptomatic vertebral compression fractures is on the rise. For those patients with severe pain or progressive collapse due to osteoporotic or osteolytic vertebral compression fractures, early vertebral augmentation affords excellent early pain relief, early return to function, and restores and maintains sagittal alignment.
The effects of intracranial implantation of estrogen on receptivity in sexually and asexually reproducing female whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus and Cnemidophorus uniparens

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is an important site in the neuroendocrine control of sexual receptivity in mammals. This study was conducted to determine if the VMH was also involved in estrogen induction of receptivity in whiptail lizards. Estradiol benzoate (EB) was implanted into the VMH of ovariectomized Cnemidophorus inornatus, a sexually reproducing species, and C. uniparens, a parthenogenetic species which displays "pseudosexual" behaviors similar to the sexual behaviors typical of both male and female C. inornatus. In both species, EB was significantly more effective in eliciting receptivity when implanted in the VMH than in other locations in the brain. These results support the idea that, as in mammals, the VMH is an important location of estrogen action in the control of receptive behaviors in both sexually and asexually reproducing whiptail lizards.
Secondary immune amplification following live poliovirus immunization in humans

Eight subjects inoculated orally with live attenuated poliovirus were investigated to study the effects of live virus infection on human T-cell responses. Proliferation to poliovirus and unrelated recall antigens were measured serially over a 3-week period. Five of eight subjects inoculated demonstrated a clear anamnestic response to poliovirus, but three did not. Only the five subjects demonstrating an anamnestic response to poliovirus were found to have augmented secondary immune responses to two unrelated recall antigens (tetanus toxoid and reovirus) and in the autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR). No consistent changes were found in circulating T-cell surface activation antigens whether or not the subjects responded to poliovirus. These studies suggest that an asymptomatic poliovirus infection associated with immunization in humans can induce nonspecific secondary immune amplification as measured by in vitro T-cell proliferative response. This amplification pathway is a potential mechanism for immune responses against antigens other than those of the infecting virus.
Elderly Sexuality within an Institutional Context

Nursing home staff members have identified residents’ inappropriate sexual behaviors as among some of the most disturbing events that they experience on the job, and as a significant source of work-related stress.