cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF METOMIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE AS AN ANESTHETIC IN LEOPARD FROGS (RANA PIPIENS)

Metomidate hydrochloride is an imidazole-based, nonbarbiturate hypnotic drug primarily used as an immersion sedation and anesthetic agent in freshwater and marine finfish. To the authors' knowledge, there is no documentation in the literature of its use in amphibians. In this study, 7 male and 4 female leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were induced with metomidate hydrochloride via immersion bath at a concentration of 30 mg/L for 60 min. The pH of the induction solution ranged from 7.63 to 7.75. Each frog was then removed from the induction solution, rinsed, and recovered in 26.6°C amphibian Ringer's solution. After 210 min in the Ringer's solution, the frogs were transferred to moist paper towels for recovery. Heart rate, gular and abdominal respiration rates, righting reflex, superficial and deep pain withdrawal reflexes, corneal and palpebral reflexes, and escape response were monitored and recorded at defined intervals during both induction and recovery. The average time to loss of righting reflex and escape response was 17.36 min and 17.82 min, respectively. Metomidate produced clinical sedation in all frogs (n = 11). Surgical anesthesia was achieved in only 27% (3/11), with an anesthetic duration that ranged from 9 to 20 min. Recovery times were extremely prolonged and varied, with a range from 313 min to longer than 600 min. The findings of this study indicate that metomidate hydrochloride is unsuitable as a sole anesthetic agent in leopard frogs, and further research is needed to evaluate its suitability in other amphibians.
Demographic and electrocardiographic factors associated with severe tricyclic antidepressant toxicity

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate a historic cohort of pure tricyclic antidepressant overdose patients for factors associated with severe toxicity. Hospitalized tricyclic antidepressant overdose patients were identified by computerized discharge diagnosis (ICD-9 codes). Patients with a serum drug screen positive for tricyclic antidepressants and an emergency department 12-lead electrocardiogram were included in the study. Multiple drug overdoses were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: minor toxicity (n = 41) and major toxicity (n = 65). Criteria for inclusion in the major toxicity group were the occurrence of seizures, endotracheal intubation, coma, arrhythmias requiring treatment, hypotension, or death. The following were found to be associated with increased likelihood of major toxicity (p < 0.05): ingestion of amitriptyline (odds ratio (OR) 2.57), age ≥ 30 years (OR 2.56), heart rate ≥ 120 bpm (OR 2.86), serum tricyclic antidepressant level ≥ 800 ng/mL (OR 5.20), terminal 40 ms ...
Vasoconstrictive responses by the carotid and auricular arteries in goats to ergot alkaloid exposure.

A fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infects most plants of ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) and produces ergot alkaloids that cause persistent constriction of the vascular system in grazing livestock. Consequently, animals undergoing this toxicosis cannot regulate core body temperature and are vulnerable to heat and cold stresses. An experiment was conducted to determine if the caudal and auricular arteries in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) vasoconstrict in response to ergot alkaloids. Seven, rumen fistulated goats were fed ad libitum orchardgrass (Dactylis glomeratia) hay and ruminally infused with endophtye-free seed (E-) for a 7-day adjustment period. Two periods followed with E- and endophyte-infected (E+) seed being randomly assigned to the 2 goat groups in period 1 and then switching treatments between groups in period 2. Infused E+ and E- seed were in equal proportions to the hay such that concentrations of ergovaline and ergovalanine were 0.80 µg per g dry matter for the E+ treatment. Cross-sections of both arteries were imaged using Doppler ultrasonography on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in period 1 and on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9 in period 2. Differences from average baseline areas were used to determine presence or absence of alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction. Carotid arteries initiated constriction on imaging day 2 in both periods, and auricular arteries initiated constriction on imaging day 2 in period 1 and on day 6 in period 2. Luminal areas of the carotid arteries in E+ goats were 46% less than baseline areas in both periods after vasoconstriction occurred, whereas auricular arteries in E+ goats were 52% less than baseline areas in period 1 and 38% in period 2. Both arteries in E+ goats in period 1 relaxed relative to baseline areas by imaging day 2 after they were switched to the E- treatment. Results indicated that goats can vasoconstrict when exposed to ergot alkaloids that could disrupt their thermoregulation.
Effects of denaturants and substitutions of hydrophobic residues on backbone dynamics of denatured staphylococcal nuclease

Analysis of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in the Δ131Δ fragment of staphylococcal nuclease has demonstrated that its ensemble-averaged structure is resistant to perturbations such as high concentrations of urea, low pH, and substitution of hydrophobic residues, suggesting that its residual structure is encoded by local side-chain/backbone interactions. In the present study, the effects of these same perturbations on the backbone dynamics of Δ131Δ were examined through 1H-15N relaxation methods. Unlike the global structure reported by RDCs, the transverse relaxation rates R2 were quite sensitive to denaturing conditions. At pH 5.2, Δ131Δ exhibits an uneven R2 profile with several characteristic peaks involving hydrophobic chain segments. Protonation of carboxyl side chains by lowering the pH reduces the values of R2 along the entire chain, yet these characteristic peaks remain. In contrast, high concentrations of urea or the substitution of 10 hydrophobic residues eliminates these peaks and reduces the R2 values by a greater amount. The combination of low pH and high urea leads to further decreases in R2. These denaturant-induced increases in backbone mobility are also reflected in decreases in 15N NOEs and in relaxation interference parameters, with the former reporting an increase in fast motions and the latter a decrease in slow motions. Comparison between the changes in chain dynamics and the corresponding changes in Stokes radius and the patterns of RDCs suggests that regional variations in backbone dynamics in denatured nuclease arise primarily from local contacts between hydrophobic side chains and local interactions involving charged carboxyl groups.
The Visual Rhetoric of Data Displays: The Conundrum of Clarity

The visual rhetoric of data displays (e.g., charts, graphs, maps) has changed profoundly over the past 50 years as a result of research in display techniques, the application of traditional and emerging rhetorical approaches, and the democratizing effects of data design technology. Perhaps in no other visual realm than data design is the notion of clarity more critical or more contested. Indeed the ascendancy of rhetorical approaches was initiated by the perceptual/cognitive science of data design, which in seeking to identify optimal display techniques, fostered a concern for ethics and evoked the universality and minimalism of modernist aesthetics. The rhetoric of adaptation, which emphasizes the variability of audiences, purposes, and situational contexts, rendered clarity contingent and mutable-a moving target that requires constant attention. Social rhetoric considered data design as a collective construct, tethering clarity to visual discourse communities, convention-building, cultural values, and power. The concept of clarity has been further reoriented by the rhetoric of participation, which is fostered by interactive digital design that enables users to adapt displays according to their needs and interests.
Obesidade, resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica

11. Goodman E, Daniels SR, Morrison JA, Huang B, Dolan LM.Contrasting prevalence of and demographic disparities in theWorld Health Organization and National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III definitions of metabolicsyndrome among adolescents. J Pediatr. 2004;145:445-51.12. Ko GT. Metabolic syndrome or “central obesity syndrome”?Diabetes Care. 2006;29:752.
Humoral response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in naturally infected ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria)

Creation of a reliable and easy to use serologic test would greatly improve ante mortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and aid in the control of avian mycobacteriosis, particularly in captive birds. In order to determine whether serodiagnostics could be of value in testing ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria) for M. a. avium infection, Western blot analysis was used to assess the humoral response of ring-neck doves exposed to M. a. avium, and to evaluate whether an association could be made between the humoral response and necropsy findings, histopathology, culture, and PCR testing. Western blot results were examined for reactivity patterns associating humoral response with infection status, severity and type of lesions (diffuse vs. multifocal granulomatous inflammation) and phenotype (white vs. non-white). A sensitivity of 88.24% and a specificity of 100% were achieved utilizing Western blot analysis to detect M. a. avium infection in ring-neck doves, offering a negative predictive value of 93% and a positive predictive value of 100%. While Western blot analysis results did not reflect lesion severity, lesion type did partially correspond with the humoral response. The findings of the present study indicate that serologic testing can be used as a valuable ante mortem screening tool for identifying ring-neck doves infected with M. a. avium.
Ancestral Area Analysis of Chaetodactylid Mites (Acari: Chaetodactylidae), with Description of a New Early Derivative Genus and Six New Species from the Neotropics

Distributions of chaetodactylid mites (Acari: Chaetodactylidae), obligate associates of long-tongued bees of the families Apidae and Megachilidae, largely correspond to those of their hosts. Early derivative lineages of mites (Centriacarus gen. n. and Roubikia) are restricted to the endemic Neotropical apid bee genera Centris and Roubikia, respectively. Phylogenetically derived mite lineages are worldwide in distribution: Sennertia species are associated with carpenter bees (Ceratina and Xylocopa), and Chaetodactylus species are associated with nine megachilid and five apid bee genera. In contrast, mites of the genus Achaetodactylus are known exclusively from African Ceratina hosts. Reconstruction of the historical biogeography of the group, including the newly described early derivative genus Centriacarus, is conducted for the first time. Present distribution and host associations of chaetodactylids can be best explained by host shifts and intercontinental dispersals of phylogenetically basal groups. The Neotropical region is most likely to have been the ancestral area of this mite family. We describe six new early derivative taxa from the Neotropics, the center of origin and a biodiversity hotspot for chaetodactylids: Centriacarus turbator sp. n. (ex Centris vittata; Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Panama, Mexico); Centriacarus guahibo sp. n. (ex Centris sp.; Venezuela); Roubikia officiosa sp. n. (ex Tetrapedia maura; Mexico); Roubikia imberba sp. n. (ex Tetrapedia sp., and cleptoparasites Coelioxoides waltheriae and C. exulans; Argentina); Chaetodactylus melitomae sp. n. (ex Melitoma marginella, M. segmentaria; Mexico, Honduras); and Chaetodactylus lassulus sp. n. (ex Trichothurgus dubius, T. herbsti; Chile).
SYSTEMATICS AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF WAGTAILS: DISPERSAL VERSUS VICARIANCE REVISITED

Abstract Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND2 genes were used in analyses of phylogenetic relationships of 10 of the 11 currently recognized species of wagtails (Aves: Motacilla). All analyses produced similar hypotheses of species relationships. Both Motacilla citreola and M. flava are paraphyletic, and consist of two and three distinct clades, respectively. M. lugens and M. alba are paraphyletic with respect to one another. None of the three currently recognized superspecies are monophyletic. A series of alternative tree topologies on which species and superspecies monophyly were enforced were significantly worse estimates of relationships in all cases except that of lugens and alba. Ancestral area reconstructions suggest that Motacilla arose in the eastern Palearctic; molecular-clock dates suggest that this occurred roughly 4.5 million years ago. Motacilla colonized Africa around 4.5 million years ago, and accomplished a second ancestral colonization of that continent about 2....
The Immortals in Our Midst: Why Democracies in Africa Need Them

Africa lacks the particular history of liberal institutions and values that has served as the foundation for democratic institutions in the West. Without such a foundation, prospects for well-functioning democracy in African are not good. I argue that a possible alternative basis for African democracy may be found in “civic immortals,” extraordinary individuals capable of introducing dramatic shifts in political values. Civic immortals occupy the highest rung of a hierarchy of personhood in many indigenous African cultures, each of which is considered to share in a different degree of life after physical death, and each of which corresponds to a different class of citizen. I examine three examples of African civic immortals: Nelson Mandela, Sunjata Keita (founder of the Malian empire and author of the Oath of the Hunters), and Ngonnso (the founder of the Nso dynasty). These extraordinary individuals shared an ambition to achieve lasting political change, and succeeded in transforming their political systems. Understanding the critical role that these civic immortals play in creating political change—both by directly changing political institutions and by inspiring ordinary citizens—offers us another tool for establishing stable and effective democratic institutions. It also highlights the ironically impersonal nature of contemporary liberal theory, and suggests a way that individual personalities and diversity among citizens may have a role in understanding political theory and practice.
315 W Pulsed-Green Generation with a Diode-Pumped Nd:YAG Laser

The advancements of high-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers and nonlinear crystals such as KTP, LBO, BBO, and CLBO have prompted growing interest in high-average-power green and UV generation.
Incidence and Outcome of Pediatric Hematopoietic Transplant Patients Diagnosed with the New Classification Mucosal Barrier Injury Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections (MBI-LCBI)

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S206eS239 S216 following criteria: (1) ejection fraction (EF) 50% or less (2) fractional shortening (FS) two standard deviations below the age adjusted mean (3) >10% decrease in EF or FS at day 100 from baseline. Results: 92 of 100 consecutive patients completed day 100 screening (8 died). 25% (23 of 92) had LV dysfunction at day 100 (Table). 96%(22 of 23) were asymptomatic at time of screening. Patients with LV dysfunction were older at the time of SCT than those without (p1⁄40.068). Patients receiving PBSC grafts had an increased incidence of LV dysfunction (p1⁄4 0.032), likely related to the diagnosis of those patients (malignancy receiving autologous SCT and Fanconi Anemia). Overall, however, diagnosis was not significantly associated with LV dysfunction. Patients with previous anthracycline exposure had increased LV dysfunction compared to those without (48% vs. 26%). GVHD, engraftment syndrome, and viremias in the first 100 days were not significantly associated with decreased RV function. Death at 1 year was similar in both groups. Discussion: 25% of patients showed signs of cardiac dysfunction at day 100, which was higher than anticipated. Although there were no acute differences in outcome, the long-term complications are unknown. Echocardiography at day 100 identifies SCT cardiac dysfunction, however, more research is needed to understand the overall impact on longterm outcome.
Introduction to the AF&S Forum on National/Social Resilience

This AF&S Forum on National/Social Resilience includes four connected papers, each looking at the concept and its applications in different ways that are individually and collectively useful for a military leadership and practitioner audience. Each article, its perspectives, approaches, and implications, is briefly discussed in this Introduction, and also formally referenced in the hope that readers will engage the entire Forum. Moreover, the Forum authors hope that reader’s interest will be heightened leading to further research on this important topic.
Dissolved carbon and 33-133-133-1anomalies in the water column caused by hydrocarbon seeps on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico slope

Alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and δ13C profiles from seep sites on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico upper slope show anomalously negative δ13C values of up to −4.5‰ PDB, increased levels of DIC of up to 2.45 mmole/liter, and slight alkalinity rises of up to 2.54 meq/liter, relative to water column profiles from a seep-free site (0.63‰, 2.04 mmole/liter, and 2.39 meq/liter). The observed DIC enrichments coupled with the13C-depletions are attributed to the release of CO2 by microbial oxidation of crude oil in the seep environment, and its migration into the water column. The δ13C composition of the migrating CO2 is estimated to be −26.0‰ on the basis of dissolved carbon inventory. Manifestation of DIC and δ13C anomalies in the water column caused by hydrocarbon seepage holds promise to be useful for hydrocarbon reconnaissance surveys over large offshore tracts on account of the simplicity of sampling acquisition, and rapidity of analytical techniques in the laboratory.
Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke

Objectives: To determine incidence rates and risk factors of remote seizure after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Methods: We retrospectively identified a population-based cohort of children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (presenting acutely or in a delayed fashion) from a large Northern Californian integrated health care system. We determined incidence and predictors of a remote seizure (unprovoked seizure after neonatal period, defined as 28 days of life) by survival analyses, and measured epilepsy severity in those with active epilepsy (≥1 remote seizure and maintenance anticonvulsant treatment) at last follow-up. Results: Among 87 children with perinatal stroke, 40 (46%) had a seizure in the neonatal period. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range 3.2–10.5), 37 children had ≥1 remote seizure. Remote seizure risk was highest during the first year of life, with a 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13%–30%) cumulative incidence by 1 year of age, 46% (CI 35%–58%) by 5 years, and 54% (CI 41%–67%) by 10 years. Neonatal seizures increased the risk of a remote seizure (hazard ratio 2.8, CI 1.3–5.8). Children with neonatal seizures had a 69% (CI 48%–87%) cumulative incidence of remote seizure by age 10 years. Among the 24 children with active epilepsy at last follow-up, 8 (33%) were having monthly seizures despite an anticonvulsant and 7 (29%) were on more than one anticonvulsant. Conclusions: Remote seizures and epilepsy, including medically refractory epilepsy, are common after perinatal stroke. Neonatal seizures are associated with nearly 3-fold increased remote seizure risk.
361 KETAMINE AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA EFFECTS ON MOUSE ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY.

Purpose Electroretinography (ERG) is a powerful, noninvasive tool to study the electrophysiology of synaptic activity of the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Aberrant electroretinograms (ERGs) in humans led to the discovery of Dp260, a retinal isoform of the dystrophin protein. Further investigation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy prompted the use of ERG in mouse models. Subcutaneous injection of ketamine is generally used for mouse sedation during ERG studies. With ketamine, however, it is difficult to maintain a constant depth of anesthesia, and certain mutant mouse strains are especially sensitive, resulting in intolerable mortality rates. An alternative inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, obviates these problems. In order to validate the use of isoflurane as an alternative, the effects of anesthetic, gender, and age on mouse ERGs will be compared. Methods Photopic and scotopic ERGs were conducted every 3-5 weeks in two cohorts consisting of four male and four female C57Bl/6J mice, randomly selected to receive either ketamine or isoflurane anesthesia. For photopic ERGs mice were light adapted for at least 30 minutes and tested with a background, white light of 30 cd/m2. Dark adaptation began the night prior to scotopic tests. Ketamine cohorts were anesthetized with 0.07-0.1 mL SC injections of a cocktail of ketamine (27.8 mg/mL), xylazine (2.8 mg/mL), and acepromazine (0.56 mg/mL). Since mice are obligate nose-breathers, the isoflurane cohorts were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane in oxygen (0.9 LPM) delivered via a nose cone. Ophthalmic solutions, 1% tropicamide (dilation), 0.5% Proparacaine (analgesic), and methylcellulose (demulcent), were applied to the eye. A platinum wire (200 μm) electrode embedded in a cellulose acetate contact lens was fixed to the cornea and the ERG signal was recorded differentially between corneal and scalp electrodes. A hind-limb electrode served as ground. An incremental series of light flashes (10 μs), from lowest (-3.04 cd-s/m2) to highest (+0.80 cd-s/m2) intensity, were delivered in a custom Ganzfeld stimulator, and the ERG signals recorded. Results While no significant differences in ERGs were found between anesthetic types in male mice at any age, isoflurane appears to result in larger b-wave amplitudes in young, female mice than ketamine. However, there was no difference in b-wave amplitudes after 90 days of age. Conclusions With the exception of the b-wave amplitude discrepancy in young female mice under isoflurane anesthesia, the results confirm that inhaled isoflurane is an acceptable alternative to ketamine and, in fact, a preferable alternative in mutant strains susceptible to sudden death.
Calculated Angular Distributions and Polarizations for the Reaction 15N(p,γo)160

The giant dipole resonance of 160 observed via the 15N(p,γo)160 and 150(γ,no)160 reactions exhibits two dominant peaks (see fig. 1) at excitation energies of 22.3 and 24.45 MeV. These two peaks carry a major part of the El strength and have been interpreted as collective single particle-hole excitations generated from a particle-hole interaction acting on unperturbed single particle shell model excitations1,2). In terms of this model the two peaks are predicted to have quite different particle-hole configurations, being dominantly d5/2P3/2 −1 at 22.3 MeV and d3/2P3/2 −1 at 24.45 MeV. On the other hand, angular distribution and polarization measurements3) in the 15N(p,γo)160 reaction, show that the s1/2 and d3/2 proton capture matrix elements (the only ones allowed for El radiation by angular momentum and parity conservatiod have remarkably constant relative amplitudes. The calculations reported here were made to see if the simple shell model description can account for such constancy.
Adjunctive Amantadine Treatment for Aggressive Behavior in Children: A Series of Eight Cases.

Abstract Purpose: Amantadine has a growing body of evidence for the treatment of aggressive behavior in patients with traumatic brain injury, autism spectrum disorder, and developmental disability. We describe our experience with adjunctive amantadine treatment for aggressive behavior in eight hospitalized children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of psychiatric inpatients initiated on amantadine for the management of aggressive behavior. Results: The majority of patients were male (n = 7) ranging in age from 6 to 10 years (mean 8.5). The most common diagnoses were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 6), intermittent explosive disorder (n = 4), oppositional defiant disorder (n = 4), and bipolar disorder (n = 3). Five patients had either borderline intellectual functioning or an unspecified cognitive disorder, and four patients had either confirmed or suspected in utero substance exposure. Included patients received amantadine for a minimum of 20 days. Mean adjunctive amantadin...
Book review: Dreaming of Money in Ho Chi Minh City

Book reviews South East Asia Research 2016, Vol. 24(2) 308–315 a SOAS 2016 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav sear.sagepub.com Truitt A.J. (2013). Dreaming of Money in Ho Chi Minh City. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. xii þ 193 pp. $28.50 (e-book) ISBN 9780295804620, $30 (pbk) ISBN 9780295992747, $90 (hbk) ISBN 9780295992754. Reviewed by: Bill Maurer, University of California, USA DOI: 10.1177/0967828X16649536 This book about people’s everyday interactions with money in Vietnam is particularly welcome, and not only for what it adds to the ethnographic record of the role of money in the formation of regimes of value, cultural identity, or everyday survival strategies. It is especially timely in the context of the global financial crisis that began in 2008 and that reopened money for debate. The idea that money can be reimagined is again common currency, even as goldbugs and bullionists renew the call for a tangible backing to ‘sound money’ and the more extreme voices of the political left and right seek the disestablishment of central banks. A case study of Vietnam provides an important touchstone for these new money debates. It was, after all, US military expenditures in the 1960s and 1970s in South East Asia that required the printing of more and more dollars. The result was that international confidence in the US dollar fell, and US President Nixon famously ‘closed the gold window,’ ending the dollar’s convertibility and ushering in an era of flexible exchange rates. Allison J Truitt’s excellent book helps explain why people hold onto a desire for stable money even as money proves itself time and again to be singularly unstable. At first blush, the motivation for stable currency would seem obvious. Yet Truitt complicates the standard eco- nomics textbook story, showing how even as people seek to hold sound money they continually qualify it, imbuing it with other values and using it to construct alternative social infrastructures to the market. This is not a simple story of ‘Asian,’ or ‘non-market’ or ‘community’ values, however, since in the south of Vietnam, and especially since market reforms in the 1980s, people seem genuinely invested (in more ways than one) in the capitalist market. However, modifi- cations of the strict law of supply and demand, and the use of different kinds of currency to convey different values, obtain alongside market fundamentalism. The tension in the book has to do with how far and in what manner Truitt is prepared to push the claim that people’s apparent desire for stable money does not confirm that money should be ‘invariable,’ as David Ricardo put it. Based on extensive fieldwork over a 10-year period, the book shows that despite the apparent ‘currency consciousness’ of contemporary Vietnamese people (Karl Polanyi’s term for the penchant in the modern era for elevating stable money to the position of society’s ‘supreme need,’
Contingent Contracts and Value Creation

In negotiations in which the potential value creation depends upon external uncertainties, and the players have different beliefs about these uncertainties, it is well known that contingent contracts can enable agreement. But by allowing contingent payments, each player’s expected value capture can, in some situations, be made arbitrarily large. This fact prompts two natural questions. Does the increase in the players’ expected value capture imply an increase in expected value creation? And is there a point at which the contract can become more about making a wager and less about exploiting differences to enable agreement? We address these questions by showing that a player’s expected value capture can be separated into two components: an expected share of ex post value creation and an expected transfer of value from one player to another. The latter can be represented by a zero-sum wager. We show that if contracts are restricted to be ex post individually rational—a natural condition implicit in Arrow (1953) and Raiffa (The art & science of negotiation, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1982)—a joint increase in the players’ expected value captures can always be attributed to a division of ex post value creation that better exploits the players’ beliefs rather than to an increase in an embedded zero-sum wager.
Beginning with the Concept: The Meanings of Mindfulness

This chapter explores the concepts of mindfulness, the mechanisms of action that make it important for clinicians and clients, the similarities and differences with psychotherapy, and the contraindications or pitfalls inherent in the process of mindfulness. The components of mindfulness, attention, exposure, and acceptance of what is happening in the moment facilitate practitioners’ having compassion and empathy for themselves and others. However, as with therapeutic processes, these are subjective experiences that have different repercussions based on individuals’ psychological, sociological, and biological contexts. Social workers must continue to be mindful of introducing any trend or technique into practice without sufficient training, personal and professional experience, and qualitative and quantitative support. Despite the deceptive idea that mindfulness is strictly a solitary activity, engaging a client mindfully requires an embodied relational experience.
Measuring Dominance in Rats

The social behavior of a colony of 9 male albino rats was recorded over a 5-week period. These observations were followed by a series of paired food competitions which yielded a standard laboratory measure of dominance. Each of these measures was correlated with every other measure. Factor analysis of the resulting correlation matrix revealed a cluster of closely related behaviors, including fighting, boxing, grooming, mounting, and total interactions. Food competition was not significantly related to any of the behavioral indices. These findings do provide a basis for a unidimensional dominance concept of some descriptive breadth and also raise questions concerning the relation between measures obtained via seminaturalistic observation vs those typically used in laboratory studies of dominance.
Decentralized Mechanical Turk Through Verified Reputation

Centralized mechanical turk solutions are subject to significant shortcomings. Decentralized crypto solutions can optimize the mechanical turk market. Autonomous decentralized protocols for validating domain specific reputation of workers that perform tasks allow micro task workers to stake tokens in order to prove the validity of their tasks and earn a reusable computed reputation score. Such decentralized crypto solutions enhance the cost-efficiency of mechanical turk work while democratizing access for reputation verified workers.
Loss of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) promotes atrial arrhythmic activity

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is initiated through arrhythmic atrial excitation from outside the sinus node or remodeling of atrial tissue that allows reentry of excitation. Angiotensin II (AngII) has been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of AF through changes in Ca 2+ handling and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Objective We aimed to determine the role of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), a downstream target in the AngII signaling cascade, in atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmia. Methods Wild-type and Pak1 −/− mice were used to determine atrial function in vivo on the organ and cellular level by quantification of electrophysiological and Ca 2+ handling properties. Results We demonstrate that reduced Pak1 activity increases the inducibility of atrial arrhythmia in vivo and in vitro. On the cellular level, Pak1 −/− atrial myocytes (AMs) exhibit increased basal and AngII (1 μM)–induced ROS production, sensitivity to the NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) inhibitors gp91ds-tat and apocynin (1 μM), and enhanced membrane translocation of Ras-related C3 substrate 1 (Rac1) that is part of the multimolecular NOX2 complex. Upon stimulation with AngII, Pak1 −/− AMs exhibit an exaggerated increase in the intracellular Calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and arrhythmic events that were sensitive to sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) inhibitors (KB-R7943 and SEA0400; 1 μM) and suppressed in AMs from NOX2-deficient (gp91 phox−/− ) mice. Pak1 stimulation (FTY720; 200 nM) in wild-type AMs and AMs from a canine model of ventricular tachypacing–induced AF prevented AngII-induced arrhythmic Ca 2+ overload by attenuating NCX activity in a NOX2-dependent manner. Conclusion The experimental results support that Pak1 stimulation can attenuate NCX-dependent Ca 2+ overload and prevent triggered arrhythmic activity by suppressing NOX2-dependent ROS production.
THE CURRENT STATUS OF ABSTRACT CAUCHY PROBLEM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current status of abstract Cauchy problem. The study of abstract Cauchy problems for differential equations has taken two different directions. One is to find compactness type conditions that assure the existence of solutions and the corresponding results are extensions of the classical Peano's theorem. The other approach is to employ dissipative-type conditions that guarantee existence as well as uniqueness of solutions and the corresponding results may be regarded as the extensions of the classical Picard's theorem. In proving the corresponding existence and uniqueness results for differential equations of retarded type in Banach space E, the main difficulty is in imposing assumptions because in this case, the domain and the range of the function involved are not in the same Banach space. To overcome this difficulty, it is required to impose conditions over a subset of the domain in a suitable way and employ weaker forms of the theory of differential inequalities.
The Role of Underwater Archaeology in Framing and Facilitating the Chinese National Strategic Agenda

Illicit treasure hunting scandals in Southeast Asian waters in the 1980s alerted regional governments to the value and vulnerability of their submerged heritage. Unlike countries that promoted commercial salvage of historic wrecks, China responded by passing strict protective regulations and establishing the Underwater Archaeological Research Center. Understanding subsequent Chinese underwater heritage management efforts requires analyzing the pendulum of Chinese history, identity and naval policy in light of changing developmental aspirations. Official promotion of underwater archaeology in China is a key element in the symbolic mobilization of maritime heritage in the service of national economic resurgence and hemispheric projection of power.
Primary hymenopterous parasites of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock).

Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), is a pest of several members of the genus Pinus, including commercial and ornamental species. A rather large parasitoid complex is a...
On log domain filtering for RF applications

The design concept of log filters is reviewed. A new second order filter topology which is particularly useful for RF signal processing is introduced with a discussion of its features which meet the needs of RF design.
Pricing in-arrears caps and ratchet caps under LIBOR market model with multiplicative basis

In Zhong (2018), LIBOR market model with multiplicative basis, International Journal of Financial Engineering, 5(2), we proposed a LIBOR market model with multiplicative basis, namely, the LMM-MB m...
Sensitivity analyses in a buoyancy-driven closed system with high resolution CFD using Boussinesq approximation and variable density models

Abstract The influences of the Schmidt number and fluid models of the Boussinesq approximation and variable density (low-Mach formulation) are investigated using large eddy simulation (LES) where fluid naturally advects between two tanks connected by a pipe. The geometry resembles a reactor-like vessel which comprises of a cold leg-downcomer region. The closed system consists of two miscible fluids with different densities and viscosities separated by a valve. Analysis with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) is used for calculating Taylor length scales to establish minimum grid resolution for LES. Using particle image velocimetry (PIV) data, validation is conducted for four different magnitudes of Schmidt numbers. Evidence indicates that capturing the effects from the highest Schmidt number is essential for properly predicting fluctuations and instabilities in the flow. Although downcomer comparisons with PIV consist of larger errors, they are explained through additional sensitivity analyses involving initial conditions, geometry, and residual energy. Lastly, the influence of larger density differences is demonstrated using simulations with a higher Atwood number, temporally scaled using the fluid front velocity. Recommendations are made regarding future experiments and simulations for design of similar buoyant mixing problems.
Molecular Cobalt Catalysts for H2 Generation with Redox Activity and Proton Relays in the Second Coordination Sphere

Two new Co(II) complexes have been synthesized and investigated as catalysts for H2 generation. These catalysts were designed to incorporate redox-active bipyridine components and nitrogen groups, which can participate in electron and proton transfer steps in the catalytic cycle. The two catalysts differ by only one amino group, yielding a completely closed macrocycle and an open “macrocycle” complex. Removing just one nitrogen linker between the Co(II)-binding bipyridine groups has a profound impact on the molecular geometry observed by single crystal analysis. Photocatalysis experiments show that both catalysts are highly active for aqueous proton reduction at moderate pH levels, with the closed macrocycle reaching almost 2 × 104 turnovers of H2 when photodriven by [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ using ascorbate as an electron relay and a phosphine compound as the terminal electron donor. Measurements of the electrocatalytic activity were used to investigate key steps in the mechanism of proton reduction by th...
Female rats are more vulnerable to lasting cognitive impairment after isoflurane exposure on postnatal day 4 than 7.

Abstract Background The factors determining peak susceptibility of the developing brain to anaesthetics are unclear. It is unknown why postnatal day 7 (P7) male rats are more vulnerable to anaesthesia-induced memory deficits than littermate females. Given the precocious development of certain regions in the female brain during the neonatal critical period, we hypothesised that females are susceptible to anaesthetic brain injury at an earlier time point than previously tested. Methods Female rats were exposed to isoflurane (Iso) 1 minimum alveolar concentration or sham anaesthesia at P4 or P7. Starting at P35, rats underwent a series of behavioural tasks to test their spatial and recognition memory. Cell death immediately after anaesthesia was quantified by Fluoro-Jade C staining in select brain regions, and developmental expression of the chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 was analysed by immunoblotting in male and female rats at P4 and P7. Results Female rats exposed to Iso at P4 displayed impaired spatial, object-place, -context, and social recognition memory, and increased cell death in the hippocampus and laterodorsal thalamus. Female rats exposed at P7 exhibited only decreased performance in object-context compared with control. The ratio of NKCC1/KCC2 expression in cerebral cortex was higher in P4 females than in P7 females, and similar to that in P7 males. Conclusions Female rats exposed to Iso at P4 are sensitive to anaesthetic injury historically observed in P7 males. This is consistent with a comparably immature developmental state in P4 females and P7 males. The window of anaesthetic vulnerability correlates with sex-specific cortical expression of chloride transporters NKCC1 and KCC2. These findings suggest that both sex and developmental age play important roles in determining the outcome after early anaesthesia exposure.
Multimodal Deep Representation Learning for Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

Protein-protein interactions(PPIs) participate in dynamic cellular and biological processes continually in our life. Thus, it is crucial to understand the PPIs thoroughly so that we can elucidate disease occurrence, achieve the desired drug target therapeutic effect and model the protein complex structures. However, compared to the available protein sequences of different organisms, the number of revealed protein-protein interactions is relatively limited. Lots of research methods have investigated in this field to facilitate the discovery of novel PPIs. Among these methods, PPI prediction techniques that solely depend on protein sequences are more prevalent than other methods which require a wealth of domain knowledge. In this paper, a Multi-modal Deep Learning Framework is proposed by combining protein physicochemical features as well as the structural context-local features from the PPI networks. In other words, our method not only takes into account the protein sequence information but also discern the neighboring effect for protein nodes in the PPI networks. We use a stacked auto-encoder architecture together with CBOW based metapath model to examine the PPI predictions. Based on that, we use the supervised deep neural networks to both identify the PPIs and classify the protein families. The results present that our Multi-modal deep learning framework achieves better performance compared to primary methods.
Racial Disparities in Sleep: Associations With Discrimination Among Ethnic/Racial Minority Adolescents.

This study investigates the same-day associations between discrimination and sleep among 350 adolescents ages 13?15 (M = 14.29, SD = 0.65; Asian = 41%, Black = 22%, Latinx = 37%). Assessing sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and wake minutes after sleep onset using wrist actigraphy, Black adolescents slept 35 min less than Asian and 36 min less than Latinx youth. Black adolescents suffered the most wake minutes after sleep onset, followed by Latinx and Asian youth. Latinx youth reported the highest levels of sleep disturbance, whereas Asian youth reported the highest levels of daytime dysfunction. Daily discrimination was associated with lower levels of same-night sleep onset latency, more sleep disturbance, more next-day daytime dysfunction, and higher next-day daytime sleepiness.
Applications of molecular neuro-oncology - a review of diffuse glioma integrated diagnosis and emerging molecular entities

Insights into the molecular underpinnings of primary central nervous system tumors have radically changed the approach to tumor diagnosis and classification. Diagnostic emphasis has shifted from the morphology of a tumor under the microscope to an integrated approach based on morphologic and molecular features, including gene mutations, chromosomal copy number alterations, and gene rearrangements. In 2016, the World Health Organization provided guidelines for making an integrated diagnosis that incorporates both morphologic and molecular features in a subset of brain tumors. The integrated diagnosis now applies to infiltrating gliomas, a category that includes diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma grades II, III, and IV, and oligodendroglioma, grades II and III, thereby encompassing the most common primary intra-axial central nervous system tumors. Other neoplasms such as medulloblastoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, certain supratentorial ependymomas, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor are also eligible for integrated diagnosis, which can sometimes be aided by characteristic immunohistochemical markers. Since 2016, advances in molecular neuro-oncology have resulted in periodic updates and clarifications to the integrated diagnostic approach. These advances reflect expanding knowledge on the molecular pathology of brain tumors, but raise a challenge in rapidly incorporating new molecular findings into diagnostic practice. This review provides a background on the molecular characteristics of primary brain tumors, emphasizing the molecular basis for classification of infiltrating gliomas, the most common entities that are eligible for an integrated diagnosis. We then discuss entities within the diffuse gliomas that do not receive an integrated diagnosis by WHO 2016 criteria, but have distinctive molecular features that are important to recognize because their clinical behavior can influence clinical management and prognosis. Particular attention is given to the histone H3 G34R/G34V mutant astrocytomas, an entity to consider when faced with an infiltrating glioma in the cerebral hemisphere of children and young adults, and to the group of histologically lower grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas with molecular features of glioblastoma, an important category of tumors to recognize due to their aggressive clinical behavior.
Identity Threats in Everyday Life: Distinguishing Belonging From Inclusion:

Four studies present the first broad investigation into identity threats experienced in everyday life. Capturing more than 17,000 instances of identity threat experienced by more than 1,500 partici...
Observaciones metodológicas acerca de la arqueología bíblica y la interpretación bíblica

Este articulo hace algunas observaciones generales sobre el metodo de la arqueologia biblica en conversacion con la manera en que se interpreta la Biblia. La idea es pensar acerca de algunas similitudes cognitivas y procesuales entre ambas disciplinas en un esfuerzo por tratar de desenterrar y conocer mejor los significados de sus respectivos referentes historicos, sean estos la cultura material, los documentos que conforman la Biblia o la interseccion de ambos.
Heritability estimates and progeny testing of phenotypic selections for soluble solids content in dehydrator onion

Soluble solids comprise most of onion bulb dry mass, and dehydrator onion cultivars are developed from breeding populations that have high dry mass content. Realized and narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for the soluble solids content (SSC) trait in two open-pollinated dehydrator onion breeding populations (BP) using response to selection and half-sib family analysis. Parental populations, designated as BP9335-U and BP9243-U, were derived from two-way crosses of lines advanced as open- pollinated (OP) populations to the F7 or F_6 generation, respectively. BP9335-U had one previous selection cycle for increased SSC and BP9243-U had three SSC selection cycles. In these experiments, parental populations were screened again for high SSC, and selected bulbs were intermated to form half-sib progeny groups, designated as BP9335-S and BP9243-S. Mean SSC was increased by 6.6% and a realized heritability estimate of 0.64 was obtained for BP9335-S. Mean SSC was increased by 6.3% and a realized heritability estimate of 0.36 was obtained for BP9243-S. Narrow-sense heritability estimates of 0.58 ±0.05 and 0.30 ±0.03 were obtained for parental populations BP9335-U and BP9243-U, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates of 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.63 ± 0.23 were obtained for progeny populations derived from selected high-SSC bulbs of these lines (BP9335-S and BP9243-S), respectively, indicating that there is significant additive genetic control of the SSC trait in these populations. Significant differences in half-sib family performance in the advanced groups BP9335-S and BP9243-S demonstrate that progeny testing was effective for evaluating phenotypic selections.