cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A linear algorithm for minimum Phasor measurement units placement

A Phasor measurement unit (PMU) measures the voltage and current phasors (angle and magnitude) at a bus in a power system. This paper presents a linear algorithm to minimize the number of PMUs to monitor the entire system by modeling the system with topological observation theory. The algorithm is tested by the computation to standard IEEE 14, 18 and 30 bus systems and New England 39 bus system. Results are compared to those of previously implemented topology based formulated algorithms.
Local Delivery of Ethanol Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia in Pig Coronary Arteries After Balloon Injury

Background Smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia is an important mechanism of restenosis after coronary angioplasty and the primary mechanism of restenosis within coronary stents. Ethanol has been shown to reduce the response of SMCs to local growth stimulants in vitro. This study was carried out to determine whether local delivery of ethanol solution could reduce intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury. Methods and Results Three groups of juvenile domestic pigs underwent oversized balloon dilation injury of the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries. Immediately after the balloon injury, one of the arteries was randomized to local delivery of 15% ethanol with a local delivery balloon catheter, and the other received no further treatment. Histological and morphometric studies were carried out at 2 weeks in group 1 (n=16) and at 4 weeks in group 2 (n=10). In the third group (n=15), animals were killed at days 4, 8, and 14 after balloon injury, and coronary artery segments were studied by immunohistochemical staining against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Histological injury scores were not different between the ethanol-treated and untreated arterial segments in either group 1 or 2. The neointimal areas were significantly smaller in the ethanol-treated arterial segments than in the untreated segments (0.25±0.08 versus 0.57±0.08 mm 2 , P =.004, at 2 weeks; 0.33±0.05 versus 0.54±0.07 mm 2 , P =.03, at 4 weeks). SMC proliferative activity was significantly lower in ethanol-treated arteries than in untreated arteries at 4 and 8 days after injury by BrdU and PCNA staining. Conclusions Local delivery of 15% ethanol solution to pig coronary arteries significantly decreased the SMC proliferative activity and neointimal formation induced by balloon dilation injury.
C-reactive protein?

To the Editor .— Although we appreciate the recent publication of Pulliam et al,1 several issues need clarification. Consistent with much of the existing literature on the febrile infant, Pulliam et al employ a receiver operating characteristic analysis for quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP); from this, they find that CRP has better sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value than tests currently available. They conclude, “ Quantitative CRP concentration is a valuable laboratory test in the evaluation of febrile young children who are at risk for OB [occult bacteremia] and SBI [serious bacterial infection] … ” We, however, conclude that CRP represents yet another laboratory test that offers little help to the clinician evaluating the febrile infant. As the authors note, the 18% prevalence of SBI among their subjects is higher than that found in previous studies. Most previous studies have found a 2% to 3% prevalence of OB2 and 2% to 8% of urinary tract infection (UTI)3 among similar series of febrile children. The higher prevalence reported by Pulliam et al is of concern for a significant selection bias towards sicker children. Although the authors acknowledge this limitation, they use their 18% prevalence in reporting the study’s most important finding: the posttest probability of SBI after CRP quantification. Because these calculations are based on an 18% prevalence, they may be applicable only to this atypical population. Although the positive and negative predictive values of the CRP assay must, by definition, be calculated using the 18% prevalence, we point out 2 additional issues. First, the reported 95% confidence intervals of the positive and negative predictive values for CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) overlap. This implies that if the study …
Short-term selective breeding for high and low prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response; pharmacological characterization and QTL mapping in the selected lines.

Selective breeding offers several important advantages over using inbred strain panels in detecting genetically correlated traits to the selection phenotype. The purpose of the current study was to selectively breed for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), to pharmacologically and behaviorally characterize the selected lines and to use the lines for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Starting with heterogeneous stock mice formed by crossing the C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ and LP/J inbred strains and using a short-term selective breeding strategy, animals were selected for High and Low PPI. The selection phenotype was the 80 dB prepulse tone (15 dB above the background noise). After five generations of selection, the High and Low lines differed significantly (78.1 +/- 3.1 vs. 45.2 +/- 3.9 [percent inhibition], p 10) were detected on chromosomes 11 and 16 that appeared similar to those detected previously [Hitzemann, R., Bell, J., Rasmussen, E., McCaughran, J. Mapping the genes for the acoustic startle response (ASR) and prepulse inhibition of the ASR in the BXD recombinant inbred series: effect of high-frequency hearing loss and cochlear pathology. In: Willott JF, editor. Handbook of mouse auditory research: From behavior to molecular biology. New York: CRC Press; 2001, p. 441-455.; Petryshen, T. L, Kirby, A., Hammer, R.P. Jr, Purcell, S., O'Leary, S.B., Singer, J.B., et al. Two quantitative trait loci for prepulse inhibition of startle identified on mouse chromosome 16 using chromosome substitution strains. Genetics 2005; 171: 1895-1904.]. Overall, the current study illustrates that the heritability of PPI is sufficient for shortterm selective breeding and that the lines which are developed can be used to characterize the factors associated with the regulation of PPI.
Boosting GDP growth by accounting for the environment

Governments around the world use national income accounting to measure economic performance. However, it is widely recognized that indices that focus exclusively on market production, such as gross domestic product (GDP), are incomplete. National accounts could be extended to include many nonmarket services. This paper presents an analysis of how adjusting GDP to reflect the effects of air pollution would affect economic growth rates in the United States. Inclusion of monetized measures of environmental quality is a potentially important step in moving toward a measure that captures social welfare more accurately than GDP.
Method for measuring the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient by using short octadecyl-poly(vinyl alcohol) high-performance liquid chromatography columns.

Abstract A simple, quick, versatile and inexpensive HPLC method to estimate the logarithm of the octanol–water partition coefficient (log Pow) employing a methanol–water gradient and a short octadecyl–poly(vinyl alcohol) (ODP) column is described. This method is different from published HPLC-based log Pow methods because it uses retention times from a rapid methanol–water gradient to directly generate log Pow estimates, rather than from a series of isocratic mixtures extrapolated to 100% water. These HPLC log Pow values have good precision and correlate well with traditional shake-flask log Pow values. If necessary, the log Pow determination (including replications) can easily be carried out using only a milligram of sample. By suppressing ionization of acids and bases by the use of a buffer in the aqueous phase, the method can measure the log Pow of neutral organic molecules at any pH between 2 and 13. The method can be used with impure material and is rapid, 7 min per run and 4 min equilibration; it lends itself to and has been utilized for high-throughput hydrophobicity determinations (we have now carried out thousands of HPLC log Pow measurements by this method).
High Throughput Screening Reveals Several New Classes of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been shown to play a regulatory role in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells. The most compelling evidence of this comes from features of the hyperinsulism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome where a dominant mutation causes the loss of inhibition by GTP, and from studies that link leucine (and its analogue BCH) activation of GDH to stimulation of insulin secretion. This suggests that GDH may represent a new and novel drug target to control a variety of insulin disorders. Recently we demonstrated that a subset of green tea polyphenols are potent inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase in vitro and can efficaciously block BCH stimulation of insulin secretion. In these current studies, we extend our search for GDH inhibitors using high throughput methods to pan through more than 27,000 compounds. A number of known and new inhibitors were identified with IC50s in the low micromolar range. These new inhibitors were found to act via apparently different mechanisms with some inhibiting the reaction in a positively cooperative manner, the inhibition by only some of the compounds was reversed by ADP, and one compound was found to stabilize the enzyme against thermal denaturation. Therefore, these new compounds not only are new leads in the treatment of hyperactive GDH but also are useful in dissecting the complex allosteric nature of the enzyme.
Flow response to large-scale topography: the Greenland tip jet

Numerical model simulations of idealized and observed flows are used to investigate thedynamics of low-level jet streams that form in stratified flow downstream of the vertex of largeelliptical barriers such as the southern tip of Greenland, hereafter referred to as ‘‘tip jets’’. Thetip jet dynamics are governed by conservation of Bernouli function as parcels accelerate downthe pressure gradient during orographic descent. In some circumstances, the Greenland tip jetis influenced by baroclinic effects such as differential horizontal (cross-stream) thermal advectionand/or vertical shear. In contrast, in the barotropic situation upstream flow is diverted aroundand over the obstacle into laminar (Bernouli conservation) and turbulent (Bernouli deficit)regimes, respectively. In both situations, a downstream geostrophic balance is achieved, characterizedby baroclinicity and vertical shear associated with the surface-based tip-jet front. Thestrength of the tip-jet is most sensitive to changes in the basic state dimensionless mountainheight (Nh/U) and Rossby number, underscoring the importance of the orographic deflectionof airstreams and Lagrangian accelerations on the slope. Enhanced surface-based forcing of theocean circulation occurs in the region of the tip jet core through large air–sea energy exchange(upward surface-heat fluxes >800W m −2 ), and at the tip jet flank through localized surfacestress forcing. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996.00014.x
Pattern of secure bilateral transactions ensuring power economic dispatch in hybrid electricity markets

This paper proposes a new method for secure bilateral transactions determination ensuring economic power dispatch of the generators using new AC distribution factors for pool and bilateral coordinated markets. The new optimization problem considers simultaneous minimization of deviations from scheduled transactions and fuel cost of the generators in the network. The fuel cost has been obtained for hybrid market model and impact of different percentage of bilateral demand on fuel cost, generation share, and pattern of transactions has also been determined. The impact of optimally located unified power flow controller (UPFC) on the bilateral transactions, fuel cost and generation pattern has also been studied. The results have also been obtained for pool market model. The proposed technique has been applied on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS).
An “analytic” framework for customer-based performance content development and appraisal

Abstract An “analytic” framework is presented in the context of business-related trends which have an impact on performance appraisal systems and their ultimate effectiveness. Survey data is reviewed identifying key areas for improvement in appraisal. A model of customer-based criterion development is presented which focuses on differentiated criteria with quantity, quality and other criteria defined by critical customers and the use of internal and external customers for appraisal on certain performance dimensions.
Toward an understanding of dural ectasia: a light microscopy study in a murine model of Marfan syndrome.

Study design Light microscopy study of the lumbar spinal meninges of a murine model of Marfan syndrome. Objective Characterize the pathology of the lumbosacral meninges in Marfan syndrome, seeking clues to the pathophysiology behind dural ectasia. Summary of background data Dural ectasia is common in Marfan syndrome. The etiology of dural ectasia is unknown, but is conjectured to be related to constitutionally weak spinal dura. The morphology of the lumbar dura in Marfan syndrome has not been described, as it has in other tissues affected by Marfan syndrome. Methods The lumbosacral dura were removed from three 4-month-old mice, 1 homozygote (mgR/mgR) expressing the murine Marfan phenotype, 1 heterozygote expressing wild-type phenotype, and 1 homozygote wildtype. Hematoxylin and eosin, elastochrome, and immunohistochemical stains against activated transforming growth factor beta, gelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase-2), and gelatinase-B (matrix metalloproteinase-9) were used for light microscopic evaluation. Results No difference was noted between the heterozygous and wild-type mice in dural connective tissue morphology. The homozygote (mgR/mgR) had a marked attenuation of the dura overall, in addition to elastic fiber disorganization. The homozygote dura also stained for increased presence of activated transforming growth factor beta and matrix metalloproteinase-2, but not matrix metalloproteinase-9. Conclusions These morphologic findings in the Marfan phenotype mouse mimic the findings of disordered elastic-fibers in other Marfan tissues and demonstrate gross attenuation of the tissue architecture, corroborating the theory that dural ectasia in Marfan syndrome results from hydrostatic pressure on weakened dura. These changes may be due in part to transforming growth factor beta overactivation and gelatinase-A-mediated elastolysis and collagen breakdown.
Nicotinic receptor agonists decrease L-dopa-induced dyskinesias most effectively in partially lesioned parkinsonian rats

L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease leads to dyskinesias or abnormal involuntary movement (AIMs) for which there are few treatment options. Our previous data showed that nicotine administration reduced L-dopa-induced AIMs in parkinsonian monkeys and rats. To further understand how nicotine mediates its antidyskinetic action, we investigated the effect of nicotinic receptor (nAChR) agonists in unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with varying striatal damage. We first tested the drugs in L-dopa-treated rats with a near-complete striatal dopamine lesion (>99%), the standard rodent dyskinesia model. Varenicline, an agonist that interacts with multiple nAChRs, did not significantly reduce L-dopa-induced AIMs, while 5-iodo-A-85380 (A-85380), which acts selectively at α4β2* and α6β2* subtypes, reduced AIMs by 20%. By contrast, both varenicline and A-85380 reduced L-dopa-induced AIMs by 40-50% in rats with a partial striatal dopamine lesion. Neither drug worsened the antiparkinsonian action of L-dopa. The results show that selective nicotinic agonists reduce dyskinesias, and that they are optimally effective in animals with partial striatal dopamine damage. These findings suggest that presynaptic dopamine terminal α4β2* and α6β2* nAChRs are critical for nicotine's antidyskinetic action. The current data have important implications for the use of nicotinic receptor-directed drugs for L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, a debilitating motor complication of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease.
Novel Impact/Debonding Tolerant Sandwich Panel With Millitubes Grid Stiffened Foam Core

Sandwich construction has been extensively used in various fields. However, sandwich panels have not been fully exploited in critical structural applications due to damage tolerance and safety concern. A major problem of sandwich panels is the debonding at or near the core/face sheet interface, especially under impact loading, which can lead to a sudden loss of structural integrity and cause catastrophic consequences. In order to improve the debonding resistance and energy absorption of sandwich panel under impact loadings, a new foam core is proposed which is a hybrid core consisting of grid stiffened hollow metallic millitubes reinforced polymer matrix. The objective of this study was to characterize its dynamic performances. The core consisted of polymer resin reinforced by grid stiffened continuous metallic millitubes. Low velocity impact test demonstrated that new core panel may be considered a promising option for critical structural applications featured by debonding and multiple impact tolerance.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Evaluating driving performance of cognitively impaired and healthy older adults: a pilot study comparing on-road testing and driving simulation.

Adults aged 67 to 78 were compared in driving performance on the road and in driving simulators. The driving simulator operated in an urban environment and required the subjects to execute maneuvers that would allow evaluation of their driving ability in a multitask situation. The two tests proved to be strongly and negatively correlated - the higher the score on the road test, the lower the score on the driving simulator.
Seed viability of selected tree, shrub and vine species stored in the field

Seeds from 10 species were collected, sealed in fiberglass screen pouches, and stored under hardware-cloth cages on both a forest and cleared site for up to five years. At each site, half of the pouches were placed under leaf litter and the other half were planted in mineral soil. Liquidambar styraciflua and Callicarpa americana seeds had high germination rates under all conditions. Quercus falcata, Sassafras albidum, Rhus copallina, and Vaccinium arboreum required planting in mineral soil to ensure germination. Planted Myrica cerifera and Vitis aestivalis seeds germinated well on both sites. Myrica cerifera also germinated well if placed under litter on the forest floor and Vitis aestivalis if placed under litter on the cleared site. Germination of Crataegus uniflora seeds was erratic. Most Lonicera japonica were unsound when collected. Germination rates generally decreased over time, but some Sassafras albidum, Myrica cerifera, and Vaccinium arboreum seed germinated after four years, and Rhus coppalina, Callicarpa americana, Crataegus uniflora, and Vitis aestivalis seeds germinated after five years in the field.
Plasma ribonuclease. A marker for the detection of ovarian cancer

There were no significant differences between the mean blood plasma (leukocyte-free) RNAase activity among 128 healthy women volunteers age 13-70 and 49 women with benign gynecological tumors. Exceptions to this finding were three apparently healthy women volunteers who had plasma enzyme activity which was higher than two standard deviations from the mean of the control subjects. Increased plasma RNAase activity was also demonstrated for 21 of 22 patients with ovarian carcinomas of differential histological types. This group included two patients with Stage IA, two patients with Stage IC ovarian carcinoma, and 17 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. The one exception was a patient with a well encapsulated, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, Stage IA. The plasma RNAase activity returned to normal values in all of the cancer patients who had no clinical evidence of residual malignant tissue after surgical treatment. However, the enzyme activity also returned to a normal value in one of the 17 women in whom all of the malignant tissue was not removed. These data indicate that plasma RNAase activity can be utilized as a tumor marker for the presence of ovarian malignancies of various histological types, and to differentiate between malignant and benign neoplasms.
Combining Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy for in Situ Studies of Electrochemically Induced Processes

The combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with single-bounce attenuated total reflection Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR) has been developed for in situ studies on electrochemically induced processes at IR waveguide surfaces via evanescent field absorption spectroscopy. The feasibility of the combined microelectrochemical FT-IR setup was demonstrated by spectroscopically monitoring microstructured polymer depositions induced via feedback mode SECM using a 25 μm Pt disk ultramicroelectrode (UME). The surface of a ZnSe ATR crystal was initially coated with 2,5-di-(2-thienyl)-pyrrole (SNS) layer, which was then locally polymerized during Ru(bpy)32+ mediated feedback mode SECM experiments. The polymerization reaction was simultaneously monitored by recording absorption intensity changes of SNS specific IR bands, thereby providing information on the polymerization mechanism and on the percentage of surface modification.
Inner nuclear membrane proteins: impact on human disease

In the past decade, the inner nuclear membrane has become a focus of research on inherited diseases. A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders known as laminopathies have been described that result from mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins, intermediate filament proteins associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Mutations in genes encoding integral inner nuclear membrane proteins, many of which bind to nuclear lamins, also cause diseases that sometimes are very similar to those caused by lamin gene mutations. The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie these diseases, which often selectively affect different tissues or organ systems despite the near-ubiquitous expression of the proteins, are only beginning to be elucidated. The unfolding story of the laminopathies provides a remarkable example of how research in basic cell biology has impacted upon medicine and human health.
A high-throughput assay for Tn5 Tnp-induced DNA cleavage

Transposition causes genomic instability by mobilizing DNA elements. This phenomenon is mechanistically related to other DNA rearrangements, such as V(D)J recombination and retroviral DNA integration. A conserved active site architecture within the transposase/integrase superfamily catalyzes these distinct phenomena. The Tn5 transposase (Tnp) falls within this protein class, and many intermediates of the Tn5 transposition reaction have been characterized. Here, we describe a method for the rapid identification of Tn5 Tnp small molecule effectors. This high-throughput screening strategy will aid in the identification of compounds that perturb Tnp-induced DNA cleavage. This method is advantageous, since it identifies effectors that specifically inhibit catalysis without inhibiting Tnp-DNA binding interactions. Effectors identified using this method will serve as a valuable aid both in the isolation and characterization of metal-bound reaction intermediates and in co-crystallization studies involving the effector, Tnp and DNA, to identify the structural basis of the interaction. Furthermore, since Tn5 Tnp shares a similar active site architecture to other transposase/integrase superfamily members, this strategy and any effectors identified using this method will be readily applicable to these other systems.
The effect of process parameters on the morphology of polypyrrole coatings formed on carbon fibers

Polypyrrole coatings have been electropolymerized onto carbon fibers. Several process parameters, including the type of electrolyte, the monomer concentration, the electrolyte concentration, the applied voltage, and the electropolymerization time were systematically varied, and their effect on the morphology and composition of the coatings assessed. The SEM micrographs of the coated samples revealed several distinguishable morphologies. The presence of the counterion, derived from the electrolyte, in the coatings was confirmed by EDAX analysis, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The doping and formation of the polypyrrole coatings occurred concuriently. The morphology of the coatings was greatly influenced by the type of electrolyte, electrolyte concentration, and the applied voltage.
Effect of vitamin E on atherogenesis in LDL receptor-deficient rabbits

Vitamin E has been postulated to be antiatherogenic because of its antioxidative potency. However, intervention studies published to date have yielded conflicting results. To assess the antiatherogenic effect of vitamin E, two groups of 10 Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits each were fed chow pellets containing D-alpha-tocopherol-acetate at either 40 mg/kg (control group) or 1000 mg/kg (vitamin E group) for 28 weeks. Plasma vitamin E levels in the vitamin E group increased five-fold over those controls (475.5 mumol/l vs. 95.9 mumol/l). The average total plasma cholesterol during the treatment period was not significantly affected by vitamin E (control, 950 +/- 113 mg/dl; vitamin E, 884 +/- 90 mg/dl). Vitamin E treatment had no significant effects on body weights, lipoprotein profiles, or HDL levels. The protection of plasma LDL against oxidation was determined by ex vivo by measuring the lag time in the formation of conjugated dienes in a standardized Cu22+(-)containing system. Lag time in the vitamin E-treated group increased four-fold over that in controls (404 vs. 123 min). The extent of atherosclerosis determined at the end of the study was not significantly different in the two groups (control group, 59.2 +/- 6.0%; vitamin E group, 50.6 +/- 6.2%, P = 0.33). Analysis of the correlation between vitamin E levels and extent of lesions also failed to indicate an antiatherosclerotic effect of vitamin E treatment. We previously reported that an analogue of probucol that provided antioxidative protection similar to that provided by vitamin E failed to prevent atherogenesis in WHHL-rabbits. In contrast probucol conveyed a much greater degree of antioxidant protection and effectively reduced atherosclerosis in rabbits. The results of the present study therefore support the hypothesis that a threshold level of antioxidative protection of LDL may be required to inhibit atherosclerosis.
Testing a developmental cascade model of adolescent substance use trajectories and young adult adjustment

Developmental models highlight the impact of early risk factors on both the onset and growth of substance use, yet few studies have systematically examined the indirect effects of risk factors across several domains, and at multiple developmental time points, on trajectories of substance use and adult adjustment outcomes (e.g., educational attainment, mental health problems, criminal behavior). The current study used data from a community epidemiologically defined sample of 678 urban, primarily African American youth, followed from first grade through young adulthood (age 21) to test a developmental cascade model of substance use and young adult adjustment outcomes. Drawing upon transactional developmental theories and using growth mixture modeling procedures, we found evidence for a developmental progression from behavioral risk to adjustment problems in the peer context, culminating in a high-risk trajectory of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use during adolescence. Substance use trajectory membership was associated with adjustment in adulthood. These findings highlight the developmental significance of early individual and interpersonal risk factors on subsequent risk for substance use and, in turn, young adult adjustment outcomes.
A maxillary anterior partially edentulous space restored with a one-piece zirconia implant fixed partial denture: a clinical report.

This article describes the treatment provided to a patient who presented with a partially edentulous maxillary anterior space exhibiting severe resorption of the residual ridge. Two endosseous implants were placed to retain the prosthesis, which restored the missing teeth. A 1-piece zirconia implant fixed partial denture with individual all-ceramic crowns was used to replace the missing portions of the soft and hard tissues. This clinical report details the treatment of this restorative dilemma. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;101:354–358)
Nonlinear compensation study for WDM Transmission using multi-level modulation over transoceanic distance

WDM Transmission using PDM-8QAM-OFDM and PDM-16QAM-OFDM modulations over 10,181km and 4,242km are successfully demonstrated. Up to 0.5dB Q-factor improvement can be achieved from nonlinearity compensation for self-phase modulation (SPM) using back-propagation method.
Ethics Education in Accounting Curricula: Does it Influence Recruiters' Hiring Decisions of Entry-Level Accountants?

Recently, the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) has focused its attention on mandating specific ethics coursework within the 150-hr requirement for eligibility to sit for the uniform CPA examination. This push for ethics education heightened attention toward ethics in the accounting curriculum and is the basis for the present study. The primary objective of the present research study is to test the hypothesis that ethical coverage in accounting programs is an important factor in recruiting decisions for entry-level accounting positions. The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase employed an experimental design to test whether ethical coverage in accounting programs is an important factor in recruiting decisions for entry-level accounting positions. The second phase employed a survey, allowing recruiters to self-report which criteria they value most in recruiting for entry-level accountant positions. The results from both phases suggest that ethical coverage in acco...
The influence of emotion recognition and emotion regulation on intercultural adjustment

Abstract Previous studies have consistently shown emotion regulation to be an important predictor of intercultural adjustment. Emotional intelligence theory suggests that before people can regulate emotions they need to recognize them; thus emotion recognition ability should also predict intercultural adjustment. The present study tested this hypothesis in international students at three times during the school year. Recognition of anger and emotion regulation predicted positive adjustment; recognition of contempt, fear and sadness predicted negative adjustment. Emotion regulation did not mediate the relationship between emotion recognition and adjustment, and recognition and regulation jointly predicted adjustment. These results suggest recognition of specific emotions may have special functions in intercultural adjustment, and that emotion recognition and emotion regulation play independent roles in adjustment.
Tirucallane-type triterpenoids: nmr and X-ray diffraction analyses of 24-epi-piscidinol A and piscidinol A

A new tirucallane-type triterpenoid named 24-epi-piscidinol A (1) has been isolated fromCastela texana (T. & G.) Rose (Simaroubaceae) and determined to have the structure 23R,24R,25-trihydroxytirucall-7-en-3-one by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Crystals of 24-epi-piscidinol A are monoclinic, space groupC2,a=23.84 (3),b=7.012 (7),c=17.35 (2) A, β=103.46 (2)o. Another triterpenoid piscidinol A (2), crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupP212121 witha=10.659 (2),b=14.499 (3),c=17.922 (4) A, β=90°. Two coumarino-lignans, cleomiscosin A and C, were also obtained in the course of this work. This is the first time of isolation of tirucallane-type triterpenoids and coumarino-lignans from the genusCastela.
Coupled fluid flow and geomechanics in reservoir study. I. Theory and governing equations

The purpose of this study is to examine Biot`s two-phase (fluid and rock), isothermal, linear poroelastic theory from the conventional porous fluid-flow modeling point of view. Not`s theory and the published applications are oriented more toward rock mechanics than fluid flow. Our goal is to preserve the commonly used systematic porous fluid-flow modeling and include geomechanics as an additional module. By developing such an approach, complex reservoir situations involving geomechanical issues (e.g., naturally fractured reservoirs, stress-sensitive reservoirs) can be pursued more systematically and easily. We show how the conventional fluid-flow formulations is extended to a coupled fluid-flow-geomechanics model. Consistent interpretation of various rock compressibilities and the effective stress law are shown to be critical in achieving the coupling. The {open_quotes}total (or system) compressibility{close_quotes} commonly used in reservoir engineering is shown to be a function of boundary conditions. Under the simplest case (isotropic homogeneous material properties), the fluid pressure satisfies a fourth-order equation instead of the conventional second-order diffusion equation. Limiting cases include nondeformable, incompressible fluid and solid, and constant mean normal stress are analyzed.
On the radioactivity of stone meteorites

Abstract The γ-ray spectra of 37 samples of 25 chondrites, 3 carbonaceous chondrites, and 9 achondrites have been investigated using a large NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. An extensive set of measurements are presented here. Long lived K40 and Al26 were the predominant radioactivities detected; more unusual γ-ray emitters detected were 308-day Mn54, 2.6-year Na22, and probably a mixture of Sc46 and Co56+58 (half-lives approximately 80 days). These nuclides were detected in relatively recent falls (the youngest, the Harleton, Texas, chondrite was measured 21 days after fall). Furthermore, thorium was detected and measured in 5 of the 9 achondrites. The average potassium content in chondrites was found to be 0.081 per cent, in excellent agreement with Edwards and Urey. Chondritic potassium concentrations vary ±10 per cent from this average value. The average Al26 concentration in stone meteorites was 245 ± 42 disintegrations/min/kg (silicon and aluminum). The variation from the mean of both potassium and Al26 concentrations is real, not analytical.
Taking dendritic cells into medicine

Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate a repertoire of immune responses that bring about resistance to infection and silencing or tolerance to self. In the settings of infection and cancer, microbes and tumours can exploit DCs to evade immunity, but DCs also can generate resistance, a capacity that is readily enhanced with DC-targeted vaccines. During allergy, autoimmunity and transplant rejection, DCs instigate unwanted responses that cause disease, but, again, DCs can be harnessed to silence these conditions with novel therapies. Here we present some medical implications of DC biology that account for illness and provide opportunities for prevention and therapy.
Observation and analysis of the primary 29Si hyperfine structure of the E′ center in non-crystalline SiO2

Abstract Primary 29 Si hyperfine structure of E ′ centers in γ-irradiated glassy silica has been observed and analyzed by computer line shape simulation methods. The data and analyses indicate that the E ′ defect in non-crystalline SiO 2 is structurally identical to its well known analog in α-quartz, except for a statistical distribution in defect bond angles ∼ 0.7 deg in the glasses which is not manifest in the crystalline form.
Telephone social support for low-income pregnant women.

Objective To assess whether social support can be provided to low-income pregnant women by telephone. Design A qualitative pilot study. Setting Nonurban prenatal clinics. Participants Convenience sample of 20 pregnant women who were eligible for Medicaid, spoke English, were at least 24 weeks gestation, and had a telephone or access to a telephone. Results The Baby-Beep pilot program provides strong evidence that a telephone social support intervention is feasible and highly acceptable to a group of low-income pregnant women. Through the use of the telephone, a strong rapport appeared to develop be-tween the health care provider and the women because nonverbal cues were eliminated. The study also found that collaboration between mental health nurses and prenatal care providers could help create safe, cost-effective psychosocial care for pregnant women. Conclusion The Baby-Beep pilot study provides important information about one way to deliver social support to low-income women who may have little or no social support and feel alienated in a clinical setting.
Further observations on the treatment of lupus nephritis with prednisone and combined prednisone and azathioprine.

In extending an initial 6-month study to 3 years, treatment of patients with lupus nephritis by a combination of prednisone and azathioprine did not control the systemic or renal manifestations any better than did treatment with prednisone alone. There were no differences in major renal disease flares between the two treatment groups. The incidence and duration of systemic, nonrenal flares were greater in the combined treatment group but did not increase after treatment with azathioprine was discontinued.
The Dawkins Reconstruction of Australian Higher Education

Aspects of recent changes in Australian higher education are explored, with focus on the Dawkins Agenda, which is related to the current political and economic situation. Questions about the success of John Dawkins, Federal Minister for Employment, Education and Training, in regard to higher education are raised (why he has been successful and what results may last). The main elements of Dawkins reform agenda include: consolidation of institutions via amalgamation to form larger units; abolition of the binary system and replacement by a unified national system of higher education; more emphasis on fields of importance to economic recovery and growth (i.e. applied and computer science and business); and changes to governing bodies to make them more like boards of companies. The Dawkins approach with an international context fits closely with directions being followed by, higher education systems in other industrialized western nations. In 18 months, John Dawkins has made impressive progress toward his goals. The binary system is officially gone, several institutions have been part of mergers, and new growth is being funded at improved rates per student unit. Dawkins is putting renewed energy into achieving his objectives, and he has gained cooperation of the relevant Ministers in the two largest states. Relations between the federal government and the higher education community remain important, and the Dawkins reform agenda has secured strong support, though there is evidence of a change of mood. Contains 14 references. (SM) ***************************************************************1.******* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** I American Educational Research Association
Characteristics of Gait in Restricted Vertical Space versus Unrestricted Walking

Upright walking is not a viable gait option in work environments that have restricted vertical space, such as underground low-seam coal mines (< 1.2 m vertical height). In such circumstances, stoopwalking and crawling must be used. The objective of the current manuscript is to assess the difference between free cadence walking versus stoopwalking (under a 1.2 m ceiling), four-point crawling (hands and knees), and two-point crawling (knees only), both with and without kneepads. Compared to upright walking, stoopwalking resulted in a 24% reduction in gait velocity and exhibited reduced stride length (1.04 versus 1.51 meters). Four-point crawling further slowed gait (to 0.50 m/s) and showed evidence of both trot-like and pace-like interlimb coordination patterns. Gait speed for two-point crawling was only 0.32 m/s.
The utility of bibliographic databases as indicators of international research: factors influencing the development of an international database

Abstract The field of population studies, which was most active not only as an academic discipline but as a popular cause in the 1960s and 1970s, was an international and mission-oriented attempt to find resolutions to the problems arising from and inherent to a growing world population. The Library of the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, was one of the focal points of activity domestically and internationally, until its focus was sharply redirected in 1974 to domestic activities. An analysis of the records in the Population Bibliography , the database developed by the Library, was conducted to determine the organizational and discipline-related variables that affected its international development, and to assess the degree to which the database represented international research in the field. While one picture of the database was drawn using statistics from the file and policies and staffing patterns as reported in the Library's archives, quite a different picture emerged when organizational variables—specifically, database editing and staff practices — were taken into account. The importance of going beyond examination of the database itself to understand the development of an international database and its relationship to the field it covers are stressed.
Caldesmon association with smooth muscle thin filaments isolated in the presence and absence of calcium

Abstract Thin filaments isolated from chicken gizzard smooth muscle in either the presence or the absence of Ca 2+ possess identical caldesmon contents. Hence, a ‘flip-flop’ mechanism, involving Ca 2+ -dependent association and dissociation of caldesmon and thin filaments, does not appear to operate in vivo and is an unlikely model for caldesmon function.
Exit time moments, boundary value problems, and the geometry of domains in Euclidean space

Let Xt be a diffusion in Euclidean space. We initiate a study of the geometry of smoothly bounded domains in Euclidean space using the moments of the exit time for particles driven by Xt, as functionals on the space of smoothly bounded domains. We provide a characterization of critical points for each functional in terms of an overdetermined boundary value problem. For Brownian motion we prove that, for each functional, the boundary value problem which characterizes critical points admits solutions if and only if the critical point is a ball, and that all critical points are maxima.
Reliability of an instrumental assessment of tardive dyskinesia: results from VA Cooperative Study #394

Nine VA Medical Centers are participating in a 2-year double-blind placebo controlled study of antioxidant treatment for tardive dyskinesia (TD) conducted by the Department of Veteran Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. One of the principal outcome measures of this study is the score derived from the instrumental assessment of upper extremity dyskinesia. Dyskinetic hand movements are quantified by assessing the variability associated with steady-state isometric force generated by the patient. In the present report, we describe the training procedures and results of a multi-center reliability assessment of this procedure. Data from nine study centers comprising 45 individual patients with six trials each (three from left hand and three from right hand) were reanalyzed by an independent investigator and the results were subjected to reliability assessment. For the statistic of interest (average coefficient of variation over trials 2 and 3 for each hand, then take the larger of these two values), we found very high intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability over all patients across sites (ICC = 0.995). We also calculated the reliability of the measures across trials within patient for each combination of hand (right, left, dominant), rater group (site, control), and trials set (all three, trials 2 and 3). For a given hand and trial set, the reliability of the site raters was similar to that of the control. This study demonstrates that instrumental measures for the assessment of dyskinesia are reliable and can be implemented in multi-center studies with minimal training.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Phosphirane Ligands and the Structural Characterization of Cp*IrCl2(tert-butylphosphirane)

New and stable phosphiranes, tert-butylphosphirane and xylylphosphirane, were prepared. tert-Butylphosphirane is stable to polymerization in the presence of electrophiles. It was reacted with bis((μ-chloro)chloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium) to prepare (tert-butylphosphirane)dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction. tert-Butylphosphirane was also reacted with pentacarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran)tungsten and borane to form (tert-butylphosphirane)pentacarbonyltungsten and the first phosphirane−borane adduct, respectively.
Role of the inertial eigenvectors in proprioception near the limits of arm adduction range of motion.

Abstract Common everyday activities such as reaching for a cup, combing one’s hair, or positioning a tool involve the accurate registration of the limb’s orientation relative to the body and the environment. Past work has demonstrated that the ability of humans to perceive the spatial orientation of an occluded arm is tied to the arm’s inertial eigenvectors, invariant mechanical parameters corresponding to a limb’s axes of rotational symmetry. In a recent study [Craig, C. M., & Bourdin, C. (2002). Revisited: The inertia tensor as a proprioceptive invariant in humans. Neuroscience Letters , 317, 106–110.] participants pointed to visible targets while the arms’ inertial eigenvectors were displaced by asymmetrically weighted splints. The lack of an effect of those splints on pointing error led them to conclude that inertial eigenvectors are not the primary invariants used for proprioception. However, their data suggested an effect of the eigenvectors, but only for conditions in which pointing did not require placing the arm near the limits of shoulder adduction range of motion [Riley, M. A., & Pagano, C. C. (2003). Inertial eigenvectors play a role in proprioception: Comment on Craig and Bourdin (2002). Ecological Psychology , 15, 229–240.]. In the present study we found a significant effect of displacing the eigenvector for all tested arm angles, regardless of degree of shoulder adduction. Overall, the results supported the hypothesis that proprioception is based on sensitivity to the limb’s inertial eigenvectors, with no reduction of the eigenvector effect when adducting the arm so as to reach far across the body midline.
Neuronal domains in developing neocortex

The mammalian neocortex consists of a mosaic of columnar units whose development is poorly understood. Optical recordings of brain slices labeled with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 revealed that the neonatal rat cortex was partitioned into distinct domains of spontaneously coactive neurons. In tangential slices, these domains were 50 to 120 micrometers in diameter; in coronal slices they spanned several cortical layers and resembled columns found in the adult cortex. In developing somatosensory cortex, domains were smaller than, and distinct from, the barrels, which represent sensory input from a single vibrissa. The neurons within each domain were coupled by gap junctions. Thus, nonsynaptic communication during cortical development defines discrete multicellular patterns that could presage adult functional architecture.