cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Osteotomy in the Multiple-Ligament-Injured Knee

Patients with instability after multiple-ligament-injured knee (MLIK) often present with many concomitant pathologies, including limb malalignment, meniscal incompetence and cartilage defects. Surgical treatment remains challenging; yet, interest has recently increased with numerous anatomic studies and technical notes published about ligament reconstructions, ligament augmentations, and ligament repairs in and around the knee. However, biological healing of soft tissues can be uncertain and inefficient to control forces and torques applied to the joint. In this context, axis impairment creating mechanical disorders need to be recognized, analyzed and corrected. Associated or not with soft tissue procedures, osteotomy is a surgical option that is a part of the knee surgeon’s modern armamentarium. This chapter highlights the role of osteotomy to restore stability and function in MLIK as a means of ensuring success in the long-term outcome.
Beyond the Doctrine of Double Effect: A Formal Model of True Self-sacrifice

The doctrine of double effect (\(\mathcal {{DDE}}\)) is an ethical principle that can account for human judgment in moral dilemmas: situations in which all available options have large good and bad consequences. We have previously formalized \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\) in a computational logic that can be implemented in robots. \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\), as an ethical principle for robots, is attractive for a number of reasons: (1) Empirical studies have found that \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\) is used by untrained humans; (2) many legal systems use \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\); and finally, (3) the doctrine is a hybrid of the two major opposing families of ethical theories (consequentialist/utilitarian theories versus deontological theories). In spite of all its attractive features, we have found that \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\) does not fully account for human behavior in many ethically challenging situations. Specifically, standard \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\) fails in situations wherein humans have the option of self-sacrifice. Accordingly, we present an enhancement of our \(\mathcal {{DDE}}\)-formalism to handle self-sacrifice; we end by looking ahead to future work.
A Laboratory Exercise Relating Soil Energy Budgets to Soil Temperature

Enrollment by students in degree programs other than traditional horticulture, agronomy, and soil science has increased in basic plant and soil science courses. In order to broaden the appeal of these courses to students from majors other than agriculture, we developed a hands-on laboratory exercise relating the basic concepts of a soil energy budget to soil temperatures measured on college campuses. Concepts related to soil energy and temperature were presented in lecture and discussed at the beginning of the laboratory session. Students were then given inexpensive stem and dial gauge thermometers and instructed to take measurements at two locations on campus where they predicted soil temperature would be high, and two where they predicted soil temperature would be low. Soil temperature differences between the high and low measurements commonly ranged from 8 to 10°C. Following in-field data collection, an open discussion of results helped to further emphasize the relative ease with which basic soil energy budget concepts could be used to predict environments where soil temperature would be high or low. Students were also encouraged to describe how they could use more generalized knowledge of energy relations and budgets to predict relative temperatures in their field of study. The exercise requires little preparation time and, once thermometers are purchased, is low cost. We believe the exercise applied and reinforced concepts presented in lecture and in introductory plant and soil science textbooks, and emphasized the application of these concepts in disciplines other than traditional agriculture.
A study on expression of mismatch repair gene hMLH1 and hMSH2,and apoptosis in colorectal adenomas

Objective:To explore the role of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma,and the influence on apoptosis in colorectal adenoma.Methods:To investigate the expression of mismatch repair gene hMLH1 and hMSH2 by immunohistochemistry in 63 cases of colorectal adenomas,20 cases with malignant change type in adenomas and 20 cases colorectal carcinomas(CRC),and examine their apoptosis label index(AI)by terminal deoxynucleotiyltransferase mediated dUTP nick end labing(TUNEL).Results:The positive rate of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in colorectal adenomas,malignant change type in adenomas and CRCs were decreased gradually,and significantly lower than that in normal mucosa.With increasing dysplasia in adenomas,the expression rate of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein decreased gradually;The AI of tumors with overexpression hMLH1 was significantly lower than that of tumors with negative hMLH1 in colorectal malignant change type in adenomas and CRCs.AI of tumors with overexpression hMLH1 were significant lower than that of tumors with negative hMLH1 in adenomas with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ dysplasia.The AI of CRCs with defective hMSH2 was signifilycant higher than that of tumors with overexpression;the AI of tumors with overexpression hMSH2 was significantly lower than that of tumors with negative hMSH2 in adenomas with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱdysplasia.Conclusion:The mismatch repair gene mutation and abnormal function of DNA mismatch repair maybe participate in carcinogenesis of CRCs.It may be early event in carcinogenesis of CRCs,the increase of apoptosis activities in colorectal neoplasms may be related to mutation and defect of mismatch repair gene.
Low-temperature performance of electrochemical capacitors using acetonitrile/methyl formate electrolytes and activated carbon fabric electrodes

Electrochemical capacitors featuring a modified acetonitrile (AN) electrolyte and a binder-free, activated carbon fabric electrode material were assembled and tested at <−40 °C. The melting point of the electrolyte was depressed relative to the standard pure AN solvent through the use of a methyl formate cosolvent, to enable operation at temperatures lower than the rated limit of typical commercial cells (−40 °C). Based on earlier electrolyte formulation studies, a 1:1 ratio of methyl formate to AN (by volume) was selected, to maximize freezing point depression while maintaining a sufficient salt solubility. The salt spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate was used, based on its improved conductivity at low temperatures, relative to linear alkyl ammonium salts. The carbon fabric electrode supported a relatively high rate capability at temperatures as low as −65 °C with a modest increase in cell resistance at this reduced temperature. The capacitance was only weakly dependent on temperature, with a specific capacitance of ∼110 F/g.
Conclusion: The Public Performance of Civil Righteousness

How can civil sphere theory conceptualize responses to international migration? The primordial contradictions of universalizing solidarity mean that “real civil societies” resist incorporating individuals and groups outside their core groups, whether they are religious, ethnic, regional, racial, and economic groups inside a national territory or immigrants seeking to enter from outside it. To the degree that the primordial qualities of such outgroups contrast with those of core groups, to that degree the resistance to incorporation stiffens, and the possibility of legitimating international migrants through “normal” legal and socio-cultural channels declines. Yet, even when a nation-state’s people and elites sharply reject such migrants, civil spheres supply resources to sustain righteous minority action that may demand more humane and civil treatment. Such acts of righteous indignation can become influential social performances if broadcast by the communicative institutions of civil spheres. Widespread viewing of isolated righteous actions may broaden social empathy with international migrants and pry open restricted civil spheres.
Using Gradient Methods to Predict Twitter Users' Mental Health with Both COVID-19 Growth Patterns and Tweets

Twitter users post tweets to express their feelings, emotions, and behavior. During COVID-19 times, people moved to varied life routines. Such a change in daily life affected people's mental health. We studied the mental health of twitter users during this time through their tweets and compared them with the COVID-19 growth pattern. We also attempted to forecast the depressive tweets and compared them with real data using ARIMA methods. We found our observations of tweets and COVID-19 Epidemic reports of WHO followed a similar pattern. Our forecast findings with ARIMA methods supported the real data.
Genome-wide RAD sequencing resolves the evolutionary history of serrate leaf Juniperus and reveals discordance with chloroplast phylogeny

Juniper (Juniperus) is an ecologically important conifer genus of the Northern Hemisphere, the members of which are often foundational tree species of arid regions. The serrate leaf margin clade is native to topologically variable regions in North America, where hybridization has likely played a prominent role in their diversification. Here we use a reduced-representation sequencing approach (ddRADseq) to generate a phylogenomic data set for 68 accessions representing all 22 species in the serrate leaf margin clade, as well as a number of close and distant relatives, to improve understanding of diversification in this group. Phylogenetic analyses using three methods (SVDquartets, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian) yielded highly congruent and well-resolved topologies. These phylogenies provided improved resolution relative to past analyses based on Sanger sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast DNA, and were largely consistent with taxonomic expectations based on geography and morphology. Calibration of a Bayesian phylogeny with fossil evidence produced divergence time estimates for the clade consistent with a late Oligocene origin in North America, followed by a period of elevated diversification between 12 and 5 Mya. Comparison of the ddRADseq phylogenies with a phylogeny based on Sanger-sequenced chloroplast DNA revealed five instances of pronounced discordance, illustrating the potential for chloroplast introgression, chloroplast transfer, or incomplete lineage sorting to influence organellar phylogeny. Our results improve understanding of the pattern and tempo of diversification in Juniperus, and highlight the utility of reduced-representation sequencing for resolving phylogenetic relationships in non-model organisms with reticulation and recent divergence.
Mutual fund performance and seemingly unrelated assets

Abstract Estimates of standard performance measures can be improved by using returns on assets not used to define those measures. Alpha, the intercept in a regression of a fund's return on passive benchmark returns, can be estimated more precisely by using information in returns on nonbenchmark passive assets, whether or not one believes those assets are priced by the benchmarks. A fund's Sharpe ratio can be estimated more precisely by using returns on other assets as well as the fund. New estimates of these performance measures for a large universe of equity mutual funds exhibit substantial differences from the usual estimates.
Health Insurance Coverage In Mexico Among Return Migrants: Differences Between Voluntary Return Migrants And Deportees.

Between 2010 and 2019 the number of Mexican immigrants in the US declined by almost 780,000, or 7 percent. Repatriated migrants either return voluntarily to Mexico (returnees) or are forcibly remov...
A Mobile Green Power Source for Emergency and Special Purposes Using Solar and Wind Power

In this project, a mobile, renewable, and versatile generation unit is designed. It utilizes solar and wind energy resources which make it usable in any location. The power source can effectively support emergency situations, such as hurricane, wildfire, earthquake, as well as special events such as remote training. It can provide at least 3.7kW to run multiple tools used during search and rescue situations. Specifically, the unit has seven 5-VDC 2-A DC/USB outlets, two AC 120-V 15-A outlets, and four 6-W LED lights which serve diverse equipment and devices. Its battery system could potentially run on its own for 12 hours when supplying 1kW. The unit is housed in a normally-sized trailer with the total weight of around 10,000 lbs. It is very versatile as it can be towed by any popular truck to diverse locations. Simulation has shown that the unit works properly and all design expectations have been met. The use of this green power source will help save lives while keeping our air clean
The Use of Pharmacokinetics in Food Safety Evaluation

The use of risk assessment, i.e., permitting acceptable risk, in food safety evaluation creates as a practical matter the need to predict adverse effects in humans from those observed in animal studies with greater accuracy and precision. In trying to establish the qualitative and quantitative relevance of animal studies, toxicologists are forced to make two fundamental assumptions. The first is that there is a qualitative similarity in the effect produced by a chemical in animals and humans, and the second is that the intensity of biological response in both species is proportional to the appropriate tissue dose. To convert these assumptions into useful procedures, we need to answer two pharmacokinetic questions: (1) What is the appropriate interspecies scaling factor? and (2) What is the impact of non-linear kinetics on the required high-to-low dose extrapolation? These issues are discussed very generally in the paper.
Chapter 13 – Yt blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Yt blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the Yt blood group system are also reviewed. The Yt blood group was named after the high prevalence antigen, Yta; it became a system in 1964 after discovery of the antithetical antigen. The carrier molecule is a GPI-linked glycoprotein that probably exists as a dimer in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The function and disease association of the Yt blood group system is also discussed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) terminates the nerve impulse transmission and exists in many tissues in various forms as a result of alternative splicing and post-translational modification. The PNH III RBCs are deficient in AChE. Levels are reduced in myelodysplasias associated with chromosome 7 abnormalities and in some cases of SLE.
Values Perception and Future Educational Leaders.

This article describes a process of incorporating future school administrators’ value clusters into a university preparation program. The university's role in integrating a values dimension in scho...
Women’s magazines and socioeconomic change: Para Ti, identity and politics in urban Argentina

Popular media plays an important role in the production and reproduction of hegemonic cultural norms, as well as in the construction of class and gender identities. Periods of economic crisis generate struggles over ways of understanding social reality that can destabilize or reinforce different identities. The media often plays an important role in the reconfiguration of identities. Expanding on these ideas, I conduct a discourse analysis of a women’s magazine to examine how popular media reflected and influenced shifting gender and class identities in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1995 and 2008, a period of major socioeconomic change. By drawing attention to supposedly ‘non-political’ actors and spaces, I argue for expanding the range of sites we investigate in order to make sense of changing class and gender subjectivities during times of socioeconomic crisis.
Social service research : Efficacy, necessity and effectiveness

This article and each of the articles in this journal discuss general social service research applications with different populations at risk. While sharing much in common with respect to many of the technical characteristics of the research process, each of these articles was selected through a peer-review process because of its applicability to the field. Understanding phenomena requires an openness and exposure to a complex array of methods designed to address the identified problem, the client's or the system's reaction, the social service provider's handling of the situation, and identification of the expected surrounding circumstances and outcome(s). A brief review of the state-of-the-art for social service research is provided along with suggestions for facilitating future research endeavors.
Evolution of Human Gene Expression Control

The evolutionary history of our species is associated with the emergence of numerous phenotypic traits thought to be unique to humans. Comparative analysis of gene expression between human and nonhuman primates has revealed thousands of genes differentially expressed across multiple tissues. Comparative and functional genomic studies have implicated variation in cis-regulatory regions, or enhancer elements, as a major component of species-specific expression differences. Additionally, adaptive evolution between modern human populations has also been attributed to variation in cis-regulatory regions of the genome. Despite these advances, the genetic basis of most derived human traits, population-specific differences and heritable variation in gene expression remains unidentified. Gene regulation is known to proceed through the combinatorial interaction of multiple loci, acting cooperatively or redundantly, to regulate contextual gene expression in different tissues or at different times during development. The role of epistasis, the genetic interaction between loci, may, therefore, have a significant influence on the evolution of regulatory elements underlying trait difference between primate species and human populations. Key Concepts: Numerous highly conserved noncoding elements are rapidly evolving in humans and many function as tissue-specific developmental enhancers. Variation in phenotypic traits, including disease susceptibility, has been mapped to noncoding, cis-regulatory loci. Comparison of multiple primate genomes has enabled the identification of loci under both adaptive evolution (positive selection) and evolutionary constraint (negative selection). Natural selection within protein-coding and noncoding regions of genome is not uniform but more preferentially targets certain biological categories of genes. The role of epistasis in the evolution of human gene expression control is unknown for most traits but may be significant. Keywords: cis-regulation; functional genomics; human evolution; gene expression; polymorphism; epistasis; human populations; enhancer; natural selection
Approaching blokh-zyablov error exponent with linear-time encodable/decodable codes

Guruswami and Indyk showed in [1] that Forney's error exponent can be achieved with linear coding complexity over binary symmetric channels. This paper extends this conclusion to general discrete-time memoryless channels and shows that Forney's and Blokh-Zyablov error exponents can be arbitrarily approached by one-level and multi-level concatenated codes with linear encoding/decoding complexity. The key result is a revision to Forney's general minimum distance decoding algorithm, which enables a low complexity integration of Guruswami-Indyk's outer codes into the concatenated coding schemes.
On Effectiveness of Smart Grid Applications Using Co-Simulation

The smart grid is a complex system that comprises components from both the power grid and communication networks. To understand the behavior of such a complex system, co-simulation is a viable tool to capture the interaction and the reciprocal effects between a communication network and a physical power grid. In this paper, we systematically review the existing efforts of co-simulation and design a framework to explore co-simulation scenarios. Using the demand response and energy price as examples of smart grid applications and operating the communication network under various conditions (e.g., normal operation, performance degrade, and security threats), we implement these scenarios and conduct a performance evaluation of smart grid applications by leveraging a co-simulation platform.
Labor's Love Lost? Rebuilding Unions’ Involvement in Federal Housing Policy

Abstract Housing was a major issue in the 1948 elections, and the landmark Housing Act of 1949 ensued. Today, housing is barely on the political radar screen, despite the fact that the nation has serious housing problems. This article reviews the political coalition and strategy that led to the Housing Act of 1949 and compares them with the political coalition and potential for housing today. Three key factors explain the effectiveness of the 1949 campaign: Progressive housing advocates in the 1930s and 1940s (1) had a radical vision of federal housing policy, (2) were part of a broader movement for social reform that linked housing to other issues and built alliances with organized labor, and (3) worked with this broad coalition to mobilize the urban and labor vote, activating a constituency for housing reform. Rebuilding this constituency requires learning lessons from this successful effort and adapting them to contemporary political and economic circumstances.
Quantitative pharmacological analysis of 2-125I-iodomelatonin binding sites in discrete areas of the chicken brain

We have localized and characterized 2–125I-iodomelatonin binding sites in the chicken brain using in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Binding sites were widely distributed throughout the chicken brain, predominantly in regions associated with the visual system. The specific binding of 2–125I-iodomelatonin to discrete chicken brain areas was found to be saturable, reversible, and of high affinity. The specific binding of 2–125I-iodomelatonin (75 pm) was quantitated for 40 identifiable brain regions. Eight brain regions were chosen for binding characterization and pharmacological analysis: optic tectum, Edinger- Westphal nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, nucleus rotundus, ventral supraoptic decussation, ventrolateral geniculate nucleus, neostriatum, and ectostriatum. These regions showed no rostral-caudal gradient in 2- 125I-iodomelatonin specific binding, and saturation analysis revealed a single class of high-affinity sites with KD values in the range of 33- 48 pM and receptor site density (Bmax) ranging from 31 to 58 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments carried out with various indoles revealed a similar order of pharmacological affinities in these areas: melatonin greater than 6-chloromelatonin greater than methoxyluzindole greater than N-acetylserotonin greater than luzindole much greater than 5-HT greater than 5-methoxytryptamine. The affinity constants determined by quantitative autoradiography for these compounds to compete for 2–125I-iodomelatonin binding in the optic tectum correlated well with the affinities in chicken brain membranes at 25 degrees C (r = 0.966; slope = 0.845; n = 7) and 0 degree C (r = 0.946; slope = 0.379; n = 7), chicken retinal membranes (r = 0.973; slope = 0.759; n = 7), and the potency or affinity of these compounds to affect the calcium-dependent release of 3H-dopamine from the rabbit retina (r = 0.902; slope = 0.506; n = 6). We conclude that the high-affinity sites labeled by 2–125I-iodomelatonin in various chicken brain areas have identical binding and pharmacological characteristics to the ML-1 melatonin binding site previously described in chicken brain and retinal membranes and to the ML-1 melatonin receptor modulating dopamine release from the retina. In the chicken brain, the ML-1 receptor site may mediate functional responses regulated by melatonin.
Multi-element ferrite devices

This paper contains an analytical development of the scattering matrix of cascaded two and four port waveguide structures in terms of the scattering matrix of the component sections. 1Particular attention is given to ferrite loaded directional coupler sections and the conditions under which a multi-element structure may function as a circulator are determined. The characteristics of several experimental circulators designed on this basis are presented.
Examination of the Role of Therapeutic Alliance, Treatment Dose, and Treatment Completion in the Effectiveness of The Seven Challenges

Adolescent alcohol and illicit drug (AOD) use is a major public health concern. This longitudinal study examines the effectiveness of The Seven Challenges in reducing adolescent substance use and mental health problems, as well as the process by which it is effective. Participants were 89 adolescents (72 male, 17 female) enrolled in a 3 month intensive outpatient adolescent substance abuse treatment program using The Seven Challenges and who provided self-report data at pre- and post-treatment. Results indicated that The Seven Challenges was effective at increasing the number of days refrained from using AOD, reducing use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other drugs, and reducing substance use problems and internal mental distress. Results also indicated that The Seven Challenges drug counselors effectively established and maintained therapeutic alliance but this seems to not play a role in the effectiveness of The Seven Challenges. Both treatment dose and completion played a role in the effectiveness of The Seven Challenges; they were both positively related to post-treatment days refrained from AOD use, and negatively related to days of THC use, substance use problems, and internal mental distress. However, the strength of the influence of treatment completion was stronger when treatment dose was low than when it was high. Despite a small sample and other limitations, findings add to existing literature that suggests that The Seven Challenges is an effective substance abuse treatment for adolescents. Furthermore, findings suggest that adolescent substance abuse treatment should focus on clients meeting pre-determined program goals as well as on dose.
A survey of intrusion detection techniques

Today's computer systems are vulnerable both to abuse by insiders and to penetration by outsiders, as evidenced by the growing number of incidents reported in the press. To close all security loopholes from today's systems is infeasible, and no combination of technologies can prevent legitimate users from abusing their authority in a system; thus auditing is viewed as the last line of defense. Over the past several years, the computer security community has been developing automated tools to analyze computer system audit data for suspicious user behavior. This paper describes the use of such tools for detecting computer system intrusion and describes further technologies that may be of use for intrusion detection in the future.
Characterization of the C2 subdomain of yeast mitochondrial initiation factor 2.

Abstract The COOH-terminal part of the yeast mitochondrial initiation factor 2 (ymIF2), containing the C2 subdomain, was expressed and purified as a histidine-tagged polypeptide of 137 amino acids. Like the recombinant full-length protein, the C2 subdomain binds both formyl - Met - tRNA f Met and unformylated Met - tRNA f Met with only a small preference for the former species. Formation of a binary complex between the C2 subdomain or the full-length ymIF2 and initiator tRNA was also assessed by fluorescence measurements. The binding of coumarin-Met-tRNA f to either protein caused a blue shift of the coumarin emission spectrum and an increase in anisotropy. Full-length ymIF2 is functionally competent in forming an initiation complex and supporting formation of the first peptide bond on Escherichia coli ribosomes. The results demonstrate that ymIF2 has the same domain structure and biochemical properties of a typical IF2 species as found in bacteria or mammalian mitochondria—but with enhanced ability to bind unformylated initiator Met-tRNA.
The contribution of depth recording to clinical medicine

Abstract The recording of electrical activity within the depth of the brain has made many contributions to the clinical sciences. 1. 1. It is of value as a diagnostic technique in certain obscure epilepsies. 2. 2. It has given new concepts of the epileptic syndrome. 3. 3. It is an aid in the delimitation of the zone of epileptic activity. 4. 4. To stereotactic orientation, depth recordings and stimulation add a fourth and physiological dimension. 5. 5. The findings from depth recordings in psychosis have indicated a possible organic substrate for certain disturbed mental states. 6. 6. Future applications of depth recording for biochemical determinations offer promising avenues for exploration of cerebral function.
Control of nonlinear parabolic equations to meet finitely many terminal conditions

Abstract In this paper, boundary controls are computed for a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation which steer small square-integrable initial data to a terminal state which is orthogonal to a prescribed finite set of functions.
"Tetrazolium oxidase" identified with the heme-oxidases of human tissues.

Des bandes blanches jusqu'ici mysterieuse, apparaissent quand on teint des traces electrophoretiques avec des reactions de tetrazolium pour faire apparaItre diverses enzymes. Ces bandes se revelent comme etant de l'hemoglobine et d'autres hemo-proteines se trouvant dans le serum et dans des parties du tissue qui arrEtent la reduction du tetrazolium. Ces bandes peuvent donc troubler le dessin electrophoretique.
MDMA : further evidence that its action in the medial prefrontal cortex is mediated by the serotonergic system

Abstract Systemically administered(±)-MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ‘Ecstasy’) suppressed the firing rates of the majority of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFc). The responses of mPFc cells to(±)-MDMA is mimicked by(±)-MDMA but not (−)-MDMA. Furthermore, pretreatment with fluoxetine (a specific 5-HT uptake blocker) but not GBR 12909 (a specific dopamine uptake blocker) prevented the suppressant action of MDMA. These data support the notion that the 5-HT system mediates(±)-MDMA's action.
A 130-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein involved in Dictyostelium phagocytosis.

Abstract Phagocytosis involves interactions between cell-surface receptors and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plasma membrane glycoproteins cosedimenting with detergent-insoluble cytoskeletons were postulated to be phagocytosis receptor candidates of the unicellular slime moldDictyostelium discoideum.A 130-kDa glycoprotein (gp130) was associated with cytoskeletons of bacterially but not axenically grown cells, suggesting a cytoskeletal interaction that depended on nutrient conditions. Labeling of gp130 with a membrane-impermeant biotinylating reagent showed it was surface-exposed and provided a tag that was used to monitor gp130. Biotin-labeled gp130 was an integral protein and found to be a single species by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An antibody was raised against a synthetic octapeptide corresponding to internal amino acid sequence of biotin-labeled gp130 enriched through avidin affinity chromatography. The affinity-purified antibody was monospecific, reacting with both axenic and bacterial forms of gp130 on immunoblots. There was less gp130 in plasma membranes of bacterially grown cells than in plasma membranes of axenically grown cells, which was consistent with the idea that as a receptor, gp130 would be internalized during phagocytosis and fewer molecules would be on the cell surface of actively feeding cells. This suggestion was supported by the observation that there was a reduced amount of surface (biotin)-labeled gp130 on bacterially grown cells relative to axenically grown cells. gp130 also was implicated in phagocytosis through immunoblotting analyses that revealed smaller versions of gp130 in plasma membranes of phagocytosis mutant HV29 (Vogelet al. J. Cell Biol.86: 456, 1980). Taken together, these biochemical and immunological data support the idea that gp130 plays a role in the phagocytosis process.
Solid state extrusion of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Processing and properties

The techniques of solid state coextrusion and powder extrusion have been employed for the deformation of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Chain folded and chain extended morphologies obtained under different crystallization conditions were coextruded within a nylon 11 casing acting as a processing aid at an extrusion draw ratio (EDR) of 5 at ≤ 120°C and 0.20 GPa. The powder was compacted and extruded at ≤ 128°C and 0.23 GPa up to an EDR of 24. The physical and mechanical properties of the extrudates were evaluated and found to be dependent on intial morphology. An extrudate from the chain-folded morphology gave a low modulus of 0.71 GPa, the chain-extended morphology a modulus of 6.7 GPa, and the compacted powder a modulus of 15 GPa.
Evaluating the Potential for Ground-Water Recharge in an Arid Climate: Sultanate of Oman

For centuries, the Sultanate of Oman, located along the eastern coast of the Arabian peninsula, has obtained its water supplies from springs and hand-dug well systems. When the government of Oman embarked upon a nationwide modernization program in the early 19709s, their water resources became badly stressed and overextended. Aware that continued economic development would require more extensive and better managed water resources, the Omani government contracted for a series of water resource studies to identify present resources and long range requirements needed for continued growth. These studies were hampered by a very poor data base, and often reached conclusions which could not be substantiated by detailed review or later studies. However, from the efforts of these early studies, the nucleus of a data base and the means to expand it were developed. During the period 1978–1980, the Corps of Engineers was requested by Oman through the AID program to study and identify the feasibility of enhancing water supplies in the capital area of Muscat, and in the mountain wadis flowing to the Batinah Plain of northeastern Oman. This study, paralleled by studies made by the Public Authority for Water Resources (PAWR), recommended a water recharge project on the Wadi Sama9il between the village of Al Khawd and Seeb, about 20 miles northwest of Muscat. The discussion will outline the traditional methods and systems of developing water supplies in Oman, the influence of modern technology on disruption of these systems, and the role of ground water recharge projects for mitigating water deficiency problems.
Functional programming in a parallel environment: the implementation of FP in MDC

Functional Programming has been proposed as a style of programming suitable for parallel computation. At IIT we have developed a language, MDC, for parallel programming using message passing. We contend that MDC is highly suitable for programming parallel computers. This paper evaluates both claims by implementing functional programming in MDC. The relative ease of implementation supports both claims.
Finite temperature quantum algorithm and majorization

ABSTRACT It is often believed that quantum entanglement plays an important role in the speed-up of quantum algorithms. In addition, a few research groups have found that Majorization behavior may also play an important role in some quantum algorithms. In some of our previous work we showed that for a simple spin 1/2 system, consisting of two or three qubits, the value of a Groverian entanglement (a rather useful measur e of entanglement) varies inversely with the temperature. In practical terms this means that more iterations of the Gr over's algorithm may be needed when a quantum computer is working at finite temperature. That is, the performance of a quantum algorithm suffers due to temperature-dependent changes on the density matrix of the syst em. Most recently, we have been interest ed in the behavior of Majorization for the same types of quantum system, and we are trying to determine the relationship between Groverian entanglement and Majorization at finite temperature. As Majorization entails the probability distribution arising out of the evolving quantum state from the probabilities of the final outcomes, our study will reveal how Majorization affects the evolution of Grover's algorithm at finite temperature. Keywords : Quantum Computing, Entanglement, Finite Temperature Quantum Computing, Groverian Entanglement, Majorization.
Hidden local supersymmetry in the supersymmetric particle action

Abstract The action for a massless supersymmetric particle in terms of superspace coordinates x a (τ) and θ α (τ) is found to be invariant under a local supersymmetry which allows half of θ to be gauged away.
Picaresque fatherhood: racial and literary heritage in Guzmán de Alfarache 1.1

This article is concerned with the portrait of the father of the most influential picaresque character to emerge from the satirical novel-writing tradition of early modern Spain, Guzman de Alfarache. In the first chapter of this classic narrative, the title character’s forbearer is portrayed in ways that harken back to the parodic representation of particular, high-profile conversos or converts to Christianity in the bestselling Cancioneros or songbooks that were published during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. At the same time, the depiction of Guzman’s hypocritical, bisexual, renegade father provides a telling example of how emerging categories and ideas of race were developed to explain and illustrate by what means traits and propensities could be passed on through the blood, in keeping with the idea of lineage in horse breeding. These notions and attendant images were at the same time being fictionalized and novelized in the Inquisitorial, polemical cultural environment that coincided with and directly impacted the life of the author of the novel, Mateo Aleman, as well as his ancestors.
Poly-Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (PolySUMO)-binding Proteins Identified through a String Search

Polysumoylation is a crucial cellular response to stresses against genomic integrity or proteostasis. Like the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4, proteins with clustered SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) can be important signal transducers downstream of polysumoylation. To identify novel polySUMO-binding proteins, we conducted a computational string search with a custom Python script. We found clustered SIMs in another RING domain protein Arkadia/RNF111. Detailed biochemical analysis of the Arkadia SIMs revealed that dominant SIMs in a SIM cluster often contain a pentameric VIDLT ((V/I/L/F/Y)(V/I)DLT) core sequence that is also found in the SIMs in PIAS family E3s and is likely the best-fitted structure for SUMO recognition. This idea led to the identification of additional novel SIM clusters in FLASH/CASP8AP2, C5orf25, and SOBP/JXC1. We suggest that the clustered SIMs in these proteins form distinct SUMO binding domains to recognize diverse forms of protein sumoylation.
Improving classification accuracy of youtube videos by exploiting focal points in social tags

Past literature [1] has shown that problems involving tacit communication among humans and agents are better solved by identifying communication “focal” points based on domain specific human biases. Cast differently, classification of user-generated content into generalized categories is the equivalent of automated programs trying to match human adjudged labels. It seems logical to suspect that identification and incorporation of features generally found salient by humans or “focal points”, can allow an automated agent to better match human adjudged labels in classification tasks. In this paper, we leverage this correspondence, by using domain-specific focal points to further inform the classification algorithms of the inherent human biases. We empirically evaluate our method, by classifying YouTube videos using user-annotated tags. Improvements in classification accuracy over the state-of-the-art classification techniques on using our transformed (using focal points) and highly reduced feature space reveals the value of the approach in subjective classification tasks.
On the properties of convergence of statistical search

The convergence of statistical (random) search for the minimization of an arbitrary function Q(w) is treated. It is shown that random search can be regarded as a gradient algorithm in the q-domain. Using this gradient to define the minimum of the function, the convergence is discussed at length-including convergence WP1, convergence in the mean and ?-optimality. The proof of convergence is based upon the theorems of convergence of random processes of Braverman and Rozonoer. The relationship between random search and order statistics is explained. Finally, emphasis is put on the applicability of the theorems for the design of hierarchical search systems and statistical search with a mixture.
Detection of a wooden foreign body in the hand using computed tomography-Case report

Computed tomography (CT) detected and precisely localized a nonmetallic foreign body of the hand after fine-detail radiography had failed to delineate the foreign body. Surgical exploration was aided by this noninvasive preoperative evaluation. In carefully selected cases of suspected nonmetallic foreign bodies in the extremity, CT can be a valuable diagnostic tool.
When Four Months Equal a Year: Inconsistencies in Student Reports of Drug Use

THE basic finding presented in this brief report, already implied by the title, can be summarized in a sentence: Among high school seniors who report any drug use during the past year, reported use during the past month is generally inconsistent with reported use during the past year; either the annual frequencies are too low, the monthly frequencies are too high, or both. Although phenomena of this sort are not new to the literature of survey methodology, we considered an early presentation of these findings useful for several reasons: (1) the effects are quite large, (2) they show an impressive degree of consistency across different drugs and different levels of use, and (3) they are based on large and nationally representative samplings of an important area of behavior-young people's use of drugs. In what follows we first present an overview of our sample and
Ecological Inference from Goodman to King

Since it was introduced to historians nearly three decades ago, a statistical technique known as ecological regression has been widely used to analyze aggregate election returns and similar data in history, political science, and law, and methodologists have discussed problems with, extensions of, and alternatives to the technique. The literature has become so vast and complicated, and recent contributions to it are of such importance, that it is time for a comprehensive review. This article provides that review, starting at an elementary level, sorting through the major arguments and evidence, and explaining the nature of the most complicated as well as the simplest methods. Taking an intuitive, rather than a statistically rigorous approach, the article is aimed at historians and political scientists, particularly graduate students, who already have some statistical knowledge. Lawyers and expert witnesses in voting-rights cases may also find the article useful.
Effects of amino acid chirality and the chemical linker on the cell permeation characteristics of cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides.

Previously, our laboratory showed that the oxymethyl-modified coumarinic acid (OMCA) cyclic prodrug of the opioid peptide DADLE ([d-Ala2,d-Leu5]-Enk, H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-d-Leu-OH) exhibited low permeation across both the intestinal mucosa and the blood−brain barrier (BBB). This low cell permeation arose from its strong substrate activity for efflux transporters in these biological barriers. In an attempt to determine whether the chirality of the amino acid asymmetric centers could influence the solution structure of the cyclic prodrugs and thus their substrate activities for efflux transporters, we synthesized cyclic prodrugs of the opioid peptides H-Tyr-Ala-Gly-Phe-d-Leu-OH ([Ala2,d-Leu5]-Enk), H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH ([d-Ala2,Leu5]-Enk), and H-Tyr-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH ([Ala2,Leu5]-Enk). In an attempt to determine whether the chemical linker (OMCA) bestowed efflux substrate activity on the cyclic prodrugs, we synthesized capped linear derivatives (acetylated on the N-terminal and amidated on the C-termi...
Gauge invariance of relativistic two-particle bound-state energies (I)

Abstract The gauge invariance of relativistic two-particle energy levels in quantum electrodynamics is demonstrated for both covariant and non-covariant gauges, by considering infinitesimal gauge transformations from a fixed gauge. The proof is carried out by expressing the bound-state energies in terms of ratios of contour integrals involving four-point Green functions in the neighborhood of their poles in the energy plane. The generalized Ward-Takahashi identities are then used to help reduce the Green functions which appear into forms which make the singularity structure of the four-point function apparent. The formalism is illustrated for the special cases of one- and two-photon exchange in perturbation theory.
Magnetic resonance imaging detection of rat renal transplant rejection by monitoring macrophage infiltration

Magnetic resonance imaging detection of rat renal transplant rejection by monitoring macrophage infiltration. Background A rat renal transplantation model was studied by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an infusion of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles to test whether the accumulation of immune cells, such as macrophages, could be detected in vivo while the kidney transplant was being rejected. Methods Major histocompatibility disparate DA to BN male rat renal transplantation recipients were infused with USPIO particles, with magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired before, immediately after, and one day following infusion. Results When the USPIO infusion was on the fourth day post-transplantation, some rejecting allografts showed a decrease of MR signal intensity one day later. Isografts and allografts with triple immunosuppressant treatment had no MR signal reduction. Immunohistologic staining for ED1 + macrophages and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in allogeneic transplanted kidneys indicated the accumulation of these immune cells as acute rejection occurred. Morphological studies by electron microscopy confirmed the existence of iron inside the lysosomes of macrophages of rejecting kidneys, while Prussian blue staining detected the presence of iron plaques in macrophages. Isografts and allografts with a triple immunosuppressant treatment exhibited smaller MR signal reductions with minimal histologic changes. Conclusions The concurrence of MR signal reduction following USPIO infusion with pathological manifestation in a rat renal allograft model suggests the possibility that renal transplantation status may be assessed by MRI using USPIO particles as markers for the accumulation of immune cells, such as macrophages.
Anoxic treatment wetlands for denitrification

Abstract Anoxic subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands were evaluated for denitrification using nitrified wastewater. The treatment wetlands utilized a readily available organic woodchip-media packing to create the anoxic conditions. After 2 years in operation, nitrate removal was found to be best described by first-order kinetics. Removal rate constants at 20 °C (k20) were determined to be 1.41–1.30 d−1, with temperature coefficients (θ) of 1.10 and 1.17, for planted and unplanted experimental woodchip-media SSF wetlands, respectively. First-order removal rate constants decreased as length of operation increased; however, a longer-term study is needed to establish the steady-state values. The hydraulic conductivity in the planted woodchip-media SSF wetlands, 0.13–0.15 m/s, was similar to that measured in an unplanted gravel-media SSF control system.