cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ Assessment of Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Hamster Trachea Epithelium Using Angle-Resolved Low-Coherence Interferometry

Optical spectroscopy was used to evaluate the transformation of nuclear morphology associated with intraepithelial neoplasia in an animal model of carcinogenesis. In this pilot study, we have assessed the capability of angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) to monitor in situ the neoplastic progression of hamster trachea epithelial tissue. By using the depth resolution made possible by coherence gating, the a/LCI system has been adapted to the unique geometry of the hamster trachea to allow us to extract useful nuclear morphometric information from cells in the epithelial layer without the need for exogenous staining or tissue fixation. Analysis of a/LCI nuclear morphology measurements has identified two important biomarkers of neoplastic transformation in hamster trachea epithelium, the size and the refractive index of epithelial cell nuclei. By comparing the a/LCI measurements of these two biomarkers to pathologic classification, we distinguished nuclear morphology changes for normal tissue, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia. Given its previous usefulness for tracking neoplastic change through nuclear morphometry measurements, the a/LCI technique may prove to be a useful tool in evaluating chemopreventive agents in future studies of hamster trachea epithelium.
Successful management of a chylothorax in infancy using a pleurectomy

The management of chylothorax is described in three infants. Because none of them had had a direct injury to the thoracic duct, it was suspected that the chylothoraces had a significant chance of recurrence after simple ligation of the duct. To avoid recurrence, formal stripping of the parietal pleura was performed using a technique not previously reported in the literature. The operation was simple to perform and resulted in resolution of the chylothorax in all infants. The three cases and details of the surgical procedure are described.
Longitudinal rotation: an unrecognised motion pattern in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Background: Heart failure patients who are candidates for CRT frequently display longitudinal rotation (LR) – a swinging motion of the heart when imaged in a horizontal long-axis plane. Objectives: To identify the magnitude and predictors of LR in patients with ischaemic (ICM) and idiopathic dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy, and to assess predictive value of LR in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Design and setting: A retrospective study in a tertiary heart care setting. Methods: Echocardiography was performed in 45 ICM and 41 DCM patients who were CRT candidates and 16 control subjects. Global LR, segmental strains and segmental LR were assessed from echocardiograms using speckle tracking. Repeat echocardiography >40 days after the beginning of CRT was performed in 64 patients. Results: While DCM patients with QRS duration of both Conclusion: Clockwise LR is linked to presence of DCM, with the small impact of QRS duration. LR is a moderately strong predictor of end-systolic volume decrease during CRT in DCM.
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress expression of EZH2 in breast cancer cells.

The polycomb group (PcG) protein, enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), is overexpressed in several human malignancies including breast cancer. Aberrant expression of EZH2 has been associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Despite the clear role of EZH2 in oncogenesis and therapy failure, not much is known about chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive agents that can suppress its expression and activity. Here, we show that dietary omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can regulate the expression of EZH2 in breast cancer cells. The treatment of breast cancer cells with ω-3 PUFAs, but not ω-6 PUFAs, led to downregulation of EZH2. Studies using proteosome inhibitor MG132 suggested that ω-3 PUFAs induce degradation of the PcG protein EZH2 through posttranslational mechanisms. Furthermore, downregulation of EZH2 by ω-3 PUFAs was accompanied by a decrease in histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) activity of EZH2 and upregulation of E-cadherin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, which are known targets of EZH2. Treatment with ω-3 PUFAs also led to decrease in invasion of breast cancer cells, an oncogenic phenotype that is known to be associated with EZH2. Thus, our studies suggest that the PcG protein EZH2 is an important target of ω-3 PUFAs and that downregulation of EZH2 may be involved in the mediation of anti-oncogenic and chemopreventive effects of ω-3 PUFAs.
Multipath Aided Rapid Acquisition: Optimal Search Strategies

In this paper, we propose a search technique that takes advantage of multipath, which has long been considered deleterious for efficient communication, to aid the sequence acquisition in dense multipath channels. We consider a class of serial-search strategies and use optimization and convexity theories to determine fundamental limits of achievable mean acquisition times (MATs). In particular, we derive closed-form expressions for both the minimum and maximum MATs and the conditions for achieving these limits. We prove that a fixed-step serial search, a form of nonconsecutive serial search, achieves a near-optimal MAT. We also prove that the conventional serial search, in which consecutive cells are tested serially, should be avoided as it results in the maximum MAT. Our results are valid for all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, regardless of the specifics of the detection layer and the fading distributions
Using agent-based modeling and human-in-the-loop simulation to analyze army acquisition programs

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the usefulness of integrating human-in-the-loop simulations and agent based modeling. The integration of a human-in-the-loop simulation with an agent based model can model information technology systems. This integration allows analysts to exploit the strengths and advantages of each of these two model types. The integration and power of these models together diminishes each of the models own inherent disadvantages and limitations. This unique partnership between two distinct model types can tell analysts how well information technology systems provide users with information, data, and intelligence. This valuable insight about information systems' performance can be an indispensable aide to those interested in comparing, rating, and acquiring alternative information systems.
Collaborating Mechanical Design Phases Across A Grid

Traditional mechanical design process faces three major challenges: (1) the need for rapid and repeated numerous time-consuming simulations, such as finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics; (2) the need for dataset management; (3) the lack of an integrated and easy-to-use collaborative mechanical design environment. This paper presents a grid-enabled solution for mechanical engineering design, which integrates three traditional design phases (preliminary design, structure verification, and performance evaluation) into one workflow, utilizing grid resources for calculations. This solution aims to accelerate each phase in design process, accommodate more models, and prevent the best results being discarded during the early design stages as it may happen in the conventional design procedures. The applicability of this solutions shown by a case study.
Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease

Objective:To review the literature describing the efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy and to determine the best treatment option for patients with Parkinson disease (PD),Data Sources:Literature was obtained through MEDLINE/PubMed (1948-September, week 2, 2011) and a bibliographic review of relevant articles. Key words Included Parkinson disease, medication, pharmacotherapy, surgery, deep brain stimulation, and best medical therapy.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Five English-language studies that compared the efficacy of DBS as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment versus pharmacologic treatment alone in patients with PD met our inclusion criteria and were selected for this review.Data Synthesis:PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options, and levodopa is considered the pharmacologic gold standard. However, long-term levodopa use leads to decreased efficacy and increased incidence of adverse effects. Hence, DBS has been ...
Putative lateral inhibition in sensory processing for directional turns

Computing targeted responses is a general problem in goal-directed behaviors. We sought the sensory template for directional turning in the predatory sea slug Pleurobranchaea californica, which cal...
A guide for standardizing colposcopic observations for the evaluation of topical microbicide products in the pigtailed macaque model

This laboratory has been conducting colposcopy on Macaca nemestrina research animals since the mid-1990s. Our observations are always based on those recorded in human studies, and we have developed a standardized colposcopic observation form specifically for pigtailed macaque studies. All findings are based on the ‘Manual for the Standardization of Colposcopy for the Evaluation of Vaginal Products: Update 2004’, developed by WHO and CONRAD for use with humans [1]. Our studies have been conducted exclusively at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC) in Seattle, Washington. Approval for the use of monkeys was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Washington. Animals were handled humanely, and the experiments were performed within the National Institutes of Health's animal-use guidelines, in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. Our earliest studies were conducted with a modified endoscope, which was hand held through the speculum-opened vagina. It was attached to a video camera for video documentation of mucosal tissue assessments. We have since upgraded to a Leisegang swing arm colposcope, fitted with a digital camera and a video recording unit (CooperSurgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA). Standardized studies conducted in this laboratory assess cervicovaginal tissues prior to and after single and repeated vaginal exposures to test products. One or two members of a team of cross-trained colposcopists conduct the vaginal examinations. The findings are recorded on standardized observation sheets and documented by still and video photography. Our primary use of colposcopy in the macaques is to evaluate the safety of topical microbicide products being developed for eventual use by humans [4–12]. Similar use of colposcopy in various rhesus and cynomolgus macaque models has been reported by other laboratories [2, 3, 13–16]. It is our hope that the terminology and photo atlas presented here will provide a reference for documenting colposcopic findings across multiple macaque models.
Beyond the mirror neuron – the smoke neuron?

Mirror neurons form a poor basis for Arbib's account of language evolution, failing to explain the creativity that must precede imitation, and requiring capacities (improbable in hominids) for categorizing situations and unambiguously miming them. They also commit Arbib to an implausible holophrastic protolanguage. His model is further vitiated by failure to address the origins of symbolization and the real nature of syntax.
Effects of cessation of caffeinated-coffee consumption on ambulatory and resting blood pressure in men☆

Coffee consumption has been weakly linked to high blood pressure (BP). The hypothesis that cessation of caffeinated-coffee consumption lowers ambulatory BP was tested in men in a randomized trial. One hundred eighty-six middle-aged, normotensive, male, habitual caffeinated-coffee consumers were recruited. Of these subjects, 150 had sufficiently complete, ambulatory BP measurements for analysis. After 2 months of standard caffeinated-coffee consumption, subjects were randomized to consume an equal amount of the same standard caffeinated coffee or a standard decaffeinated coffee, or to discontinue coffee consumption for 2 months. Diet composition, body weight and exercise did not change. Resting BP and heart rate were not different between the groups before and after intervention. In comparison with the continued caffeinated-coffee group (control), the decaffeinated-coffee group revealed significant reductions in mean ambulatory systolic BP during the morning (-4.0 +/- 11 mm Hg; p = 0.014), afternoon (-5.3 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.001) and evening (-3.2 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.003) hours, reductions in mean ambulatory diastolic BP during the afternoon (-1.8 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.063) and evening (-1.8 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.059) hours and no change in ambulatory heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Study on filling factor of an end-pumped laser configuration

An end-pumped configuration is one of the most common laser structures at present. The filling factor provides the great effects on the laser performances, i.e., laser power, beam quality, pulse width, and output stability of an end-pumped laser. In this report, we systematically analyze the absorption characteristics, output power, and optical-optical efficiency by using a segmental accumulation procedure. The relationship between the beam waists and locations of both a pump beam and a laser beam, in the other words, mode-matching efficiency, is demonstrated to be crucial for construction of an end-pumped laser. The study is thought to be useful for design of any lasers with the similar structure.
A possible mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of proteolytic enzymes.

SummaryThe activity of chymotrypsin, plasmin and trypsin in serum and edema fluid was determined manometrically. It was found that only chymotrypsin, of the enzymes tested, could be found in an active form in these fluids. The volume of edema and its protein concentration were compared in pleural irritated and irritated-chymotrypsin treated rats. Flow rate and protein composition of thoracic duct lymph were also compared between both groups. Changes in lymph and edema in the 2 groups indicate that chymotrypsin increases the rate of flow of lymph from the pleural space without a concomitant increase in capillary permeability. No attempt was made to describe the mechanism responsible for this increase in lymph flow.
Conference on New Approaches for Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy

A conference on short-course preventive therapy for tuberculosis was held in Atlanta, Georgia on 8-10 September 1986. The objectives of the conference, sponsored by the Division of Tuberculosis Control, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), were to review the scientific basis for isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy, discuss the current status of preventive therapy in the United States, review the pharmacological and microbiologic aspects of all antimycobacterial drugs, and determine whether a study of short-course preventive therapy was necessary and feasible. Approximately 10 million individuals in the United States are infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the majority of new cases of tuberculosis occur in persons who were infected more than six months before the disease became manifest. The treatment of infected individuals with a six-to-12month course of INH reduced the risk of disease by 65%-90% [1]. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the CDC currently recommend INH preventive therapy for infected individuals in high-risk groups (e.g., close contacts; individuals who recently converted to positive skin tests; those with radiographic evidence of inactive, previously untreated pulmonary tuberculosis; and individuals with positive skin tests who have medical conditions that predispose to the development of tuberculosis) and other individuals with positive skin tests who are 15 years of age are given preventive chemotherapy [3]. Moreover, of those started on preventive therapy, only 75% complete the recommended course of therapy. Reasons for the failure to prescribe preventive therapy include the perceived risk of toxicity and low probability of developing tuberculosis. The difficulty experienced by
Comparison of the Handy Eye Chart and the Lea Symbols Chart in a population of deaf children aged 7-18 years

Purpose To compare the results of visual acuity testing in a population of deaf children using the Handy Eye Chart versus the Lea Symbols Chart and to compare testability and preference between charts. Methods A total of 24 participants were recruited at the Atlanta Area School for the Deaf. Visual Acuity was evaluated using the Handy Eye Chart and the Lea Symbols Chart. Patient preference and duration of testing were measured. Results The mean difference between the visual acuity as measured by each chart was –0.02 logMAR (95% CI, −0.06 to 0.03). Testing with the Handy Eye Chart was an average of 13.79 seconds faster than testing with the Lea Symbols Chart (95% CI, 1.1-26.47; P = 0.03). Of the 24 participants, 17 (71%) preferred the Handy Eye Chart (95% CI: 49%-87%; P = 0.07). Conclusions The Handy Eye Chart is a fast, valid, and useful tool for measuring visual acuity in deaf children age 7-18 years. Additional research is needed to evaluate the utility of the Handy Eye Chart in younger children and deaf adults.
Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Haidian district of Beijing

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Haidian district of Beijing,and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of viral hepatitis. Methods Data of viral hepatitis cases reported in Haidian district of Beijing were collected from 2006 to 2010 to analyze the incidence,population distribution and age distribution. Results The incidence of viral hepatitis decreased in Haidian district year by year from 2006 to 2010. The composition ratio of hepatitis B in viral hepatitis cases decreased year by year,while that of hepatitis C increased constantly,that of hepatitis E slightly increased,that of hepatitis A kept stable. The top three age groups of viral hepatitis cases were 25 years old,20 years old and 30 years old. While the top three occupational groups were cadres(23. 66%),retirees(23. 15%),house workers and job-waiting people(13. 9%). Conclusion The prevention and control of viral hepatitis has achieved remarkable results in recent years,the incidence shows a declining trend. Due to vaccination,the incidence rates of hepatitis A and hepatitis B have dropped significantly. In absence of vaccine,it is key to reduce the potential harm as far as possible to prevent and control hepatitis E and hepatitis C.
Investigation of the Milling Chatter and its Probability

The analytical method w as applied to account for the influence of the damping ratio,stiffness,natural frequency,radial milling w idth and milling force coefficient on the milling stability by the dynamical model of milling chatter. Taking the randomness above parameters into consideration,the M onte Carlo methoad w as used to explain the milling chatter reliability in the different damping ratios and stiffness. Current results show that the relationship betw een the spindle speed and milling chatter reliability is clearly nonlinear. The increasing stiffness of milling system has no effect on the milling chatter reliability. The chatter phenomenon just only can not be occurred in the specific speed zone w hen machining at the zone of milling stability,w hich associated w ith the spindle speed can be easily obtained by increasing the damping ratio of milling system.
Study on Changes of Operating Parameters of Variable-speed Driven Pumping Wells

The velocity and acceleration of the suspension point during a stroke cycle can be changed when frequency of intelligent control technology is used to achieve stepless regulation of beam pumping unit stroke.Suspension point dynamometer was simulated and the variation of gearbox output shaft torque was obtained,the results showed that the maximum inertia load decreased and the minimum load increased.So the fluctuation of pumping load decreased.The peak crank torque also reduced,so that small rated power motor can be used.It was used under high load and a certain energy-saving effect was reached.Field experiment results also showed that the mathematical model of frequency of intelligent control technology was very reliable.
A pilot study of the association of markers of cholesterol synthesis with disturbed sleep in smith-lemli-opitz syndrome

Objective Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cholesterol synthesis impairment. A host of physical, developmental, and behavioral presentations are associated with SLOS, many of which have been related with disorder severity. Sleep disturbance is commonly reported in SLOS. This study is the first to examine the association between sleep disturbance and biomarkers of cholesterol synthesis defect. Method Twenty youth with SLOS participated. Biomarkers of cholesterol synthesis were obtained, including plasma sterols (i.e., 7-dehydrocholesterol, 8-dehydrocholesterol, and cholesterol), mevalonic acid, and 24-S hydroxycholsterol. A ratio of plasma cholesterol precursors to cholesterol levels was used as a measure of biochemical severity. Parents reported their children's sleep problems using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Results Most markers of cholesterol synthesis disruption were associated with overall sleep disturbance. Biochemical severity of SLOS was also associated with specific sleep problems (e.g., decreased sleep duration and increased sleep onset delay) and was identified as a significant predictor of these factors. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate associative relationships between cholesterol levels and sleep disturbance in youth with SLOS. These results add to the current understanding of how cholesterol levels may contribute to the behavioral phenotype of SLOS. These findings may inform future studies related to the role cholesterol synthesis defects play in the behavioral phenotype of SLOS and, subsequently, modalities of intervention for behavioral symptoms.
Clinical applications of oxymorphone

Oxymorphone (14-hydroxydihydromorphinone), a pyridine ring unsubstituted pyridomorphinan, a semisynthetic opioid analgesic derived from thebaine, first developed in the year 1914 and has been available as oxymorphone hydrochloride parenteral forms in the United States since 1959, when the US Food and Drug Administration approved it. Over the years, it has been used for the alleviation of moderate-to-severe pain. Pharmacological considerations, new and traditional formulations, clinical indications, and recent study populations are examined in this review. Specific considerations for oxymorphone interactions are focused on as well as specific side effects and end organ considerations. Although discovered many decades ago and used as parenteral formulation, the newer oral preparations of oxymorphone (immediate release and extended release) that were approved in 2006 can provide additional options for customizing therapy to accommodate various patient needs. This newer oral formulation could make this powerful agent an important drug in the armamentarium of the healthcare provider caring for patients with pain.
Desensitization of adenylate cyclase to prostaglandin E1 or 2-chloroadenosine.

The hypothesis was examined that prolonged activation of adenylate cyclase can result in a decrease in the specific activity of the enzyme, much as prolonged inhibition of adenylate cyclase gradually leads to an increase in the specific activity of the enzyme. Activation of adenylate cyclase of NG1O8-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells by prostaglandin E1 resulted in the gradual loss of basal adenylate cyclase activity as well as enzyme activity stimulated by prostaglandin E1, 2-chloroadenosine, NaF, or both prostaglandin E1 and guanyl-59-yl imidodiphosphate. Exposure of NG1O8-15 cells to 8-Br cyclic AMP also resulted in the loss of basal, prostaglandin E1-stimulated, and 2-chloroadenosine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. Cyclohexamide had no effect on prostaglandin E1-dependent desensitization of adenylate cyclase, but inhibited recovery of enzyme activity from the desensitized state. In contrast, exposure of NG1O8-15 cells to 2-chloroadenosine resulted in the rapid loss of response to 2-chloroadenosine with a halflife of 1.8 hr, but prostaglandin E1-stimulated and basal enzyme activities decreased only slightly.
Quantitative cytochemical observations on the control of respiration in polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes of Amphiuma tridactylum.

Quantitative effects of altering oxidative phosphorylation and respiration on the activity of the enzyme menadione reductase (NAD[P]H 2 :2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone oxidoreductase, E.C. 1 6.5.2), in stabilized polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes of Amphiuma tridactylum , were studied by amplitude-contrast microscopy and microspectrophotometry. In a general way, the rate of enzymic activity was proportional to ADP concentration and inversely proportional to the concentration of ATP. Terminal respiratory blocking by azide produced selective subtotal inhibition. Uncoupling of phosphorylation by dinitrophenol produced complex results. Neutrophils of A. tridactylum , irrespective of their stage of maturation in the circulating blood, could be subdivided into 3 metabolic classes: Class I cells, of low enzymic activity (predominantly mitochondrial), greatly activated by ADP, somewhat activated by ATP, and only slightly inhibited by dinitrophenol; Class II cells, twice as active as Class I (in which the endoplasmic reticulum and idiozome were as active as the mitochondria), further activated by ADP used alone or with dinitrophenol, and unaffected by ATP or dinitrophenol; Class III , hyperactive cells (enzymic localization identical with that in Class II), inhibited by ATP and dinitrophenol, and not activated by ADP. Some of the mitochondria of Class III neutrophils retained nearly a third of their reductase activity when the reaction mixture contained 10 -1 azide. There is reason to believe that Class I neutrophils may form a reserve population of vegetative cells; in vitro , they can be transformed into Class II cells when a high concentration of ADP is added. Class II and Class III cells are potentially capable of amoeboid movement and phagocytosis. The metabolic mobilization of neutrophils could be interpreted as being controlled by 2 different feedback mechanisms: activation by ADP in cells of Classes I and II, and inhibition by ATP in cells of Class III.
Transforming nanodevices into nanosystems: The N3XT 1,000X

The computing demands of future abundant-data applications far exceed the capabilities of today's electronics, and cannot be met by isolated improvements in transistor technologies, memories, or integrated circuit (IC) architectures alone. Transformative nanosystems, which leverage the unique properties of emerging nanotechnologies to create new IC architectures, are required to deliver unprecedented performance and energy efficiency. However, emerging nanomaterials and nanodevices face major obstacles such as inherent imperfections and variations. Thus, realizing working circuits, let alone transformative nanosystems, has been infeasible. The N3XT (Nano-Engineered Computing Systems Technology) approach overcomes these challenges through recent advances across the computing stack: (a) transistors using nanomaterials such as one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (and two-dimensional semiconductors) for high performance and energy efficiency, (b) high-density nonvolatile resistive and magnetic memories, (c) Ultra-dense (e.g., monolithic) three-dimensional integration of logic and memory for fine-grained connectivity, (d) new architectures for computation immersed in memory, and (e) new materials technologies and their integration for efficient heat removal. N3XT hardware prototypes represent leading examples of transforming scientifically-interesting nanomaterials and nanodevices into actual nanosystems. Compared to conventional approaches, N3XT architectures promise to improve the energy efficiency of abundant-data applications significantly, in the range of three orders of magnitude, thereby enabling new frontiers of applications for both mobile devices and the cloud.
Mathematical theory of biological periodicities II. Effect of active transport

A previous study (Bull. Math. Biophysics,30, 735–749) is generalized to the case of active transport, which acts together in general with ordinary diffusion. The basic results obtained are the same except for an additional important conclusion. In principle it is possible to obtain sustained oscillations even when the secretions of the different glands do not affect the rates of formation or decay of each other at all, but affect the “molecular pumps,” which are responsible for the active transports in various parts of the system. Thus no biochemical interactions need necessarily take place between then-metabolites to make sustained oscillations possible in principle. This is an addition to a previous finding (Bull. Math. Biophysics,30, 751–760) that due to effects of the secreted hormones on target organs, non-linearity of biochemical interactions is not needed for production of sustained oscillations.
Thick rectangular plates-II. The generalized Lévy solution

Abstract Levy's classical solution for the problem of a statically loaded, rectangular plate which is simply supported on two opposite edges and has arbitrary boundary conditions specified on the remaining edges is generalized so as to provide a solution for the problem when transverse shear deformation is taken into account. Such solutions are provided for both Mindlin's plate theory and a new plate theory, recently published, which does not require that normals to the undeformed midsurface of the plate remain straight after deformation of the plate. The results of these analyses are relatively uncomplicated generalizations of the classical results for the transverse displacement, or deflection, of the midsurface of the plate and equally simple expressions for the rotations of normals to the midsurface of the undeformed plate. Several particular examples are presented and numerical results are tabulated for several typical plate geometries in order to compare the predictions of the two theories considered. Pertinent observations and comments concerning the analytical and numerical results are made.
Dynamic scheduling and analysis of real time systems with multiprocessors

This research work considers a scenario of cloud computing job-shop scheduling problems. We consider m realtime jobs with various lengths and n machines with different computational speeds and costs. Each job has a deadline to be met, and the profit of processing a packet of a job differs from other jobs. Moreover, considered deadlines are either hard or soft and a penalty is applied if a deadline is missed where the penalty is considered as an exponential function of time. The scheduling problem has been formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming problem whose objective is to maximize net-profit. The formulated problem is computationally hard and not solvable in deterministic polynomial time. This research work proposes an algorithm named the Tube-tap algorithm as a solution to this scheduling optimization problem. Extensive simulation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing solutions in terms of maximizing net-profit and preserving deadlines.
A basic strategy for detecting CD8 T cell specificity

Recognition of short peptide sequences presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I by the T cell receptors (TCRs) of adaptive immune CD8 T cells is essential for defense against pathogens and malignant cells and informs several autoimmune diseases. Accurately determining the
Modeling the activity profiles of a population

ABSTRACTChains of activities performed during the course of the day are interconnected such that participation in one activity and the time allocated to that specific activity correspondingly influence the time-use behavior of a traveler along the course of the day. This points to the importance of analyzing trajectories of patterns as a set of activities with such specific characteristics as start time, duration, and sequence, rather than simply analyzing participation in each activity singularly. In this paper we present a methodology to answer a main question in the trajectory analysis: How to generate activity patterns trajectories, and how to conduct useful analysis that eventually makes inferences drawn from the time-use behavior of individuals applicable to the population-at-large possible? The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to synthetize chains of activities and their space–time distribution. It starts with clustering the activity patterns into a small set of representative pat...
Photoinduced force mapping of plasmonic nanostructures

The ability to image the optical near-fields of nanoscale structures, map their morphology, and concurrently obtain spectroscopic information, all with high spatiotemporal resolution, is a highly sought-after technique in nanophotonics. As a step toward this goal, we demonstrate the mapping of electromagnetic forces between a nanoscale tip and an optically excited sample consisting of plasmonic nanostructures with an imaging platform based on atomic force microscopy. We present the first detailed joint experimental–theoretical study of this type of photoinduced force microscopy. We show that the enhancement of near-field optical forces in gold disk dimers and nanorods follows the expected plasmonic field enhancements with strong polarization sensitivity. We then introduce a new way to evaluate optically induced tip–sample forces by simulating realistic geometries of the tip and sample. We decompose the calculated forces into in-plane and out-of-plane components and compare the calculated and measured forc...
Intracavity Martinez compressor for simultaneous dispersion compensation and tunable spectral filtering

We demonstrate the utility of an intracavity Martinez compressor with a 71 fs normal dispersion mode-locked Yb:fiber laser. The compressor provides spectral filtering and tunable dispersion compensation from normal to anomalous with simple components.
Selecting Vantage Points for an Autonomous Quadcopter Videographer.

A good human videographer is adept at selecting the best vantage points from which to film a subject. The aim of our research is to create an autonomous quadcopter that is similarly skilled at capturing good photographs of a moving subject. Due to their small size and mobility, quadcopters are well-suited to act as videographers and are capable of shooting from locations that are unreachable for a human. This paper evaluates the performance of two vantage point selection strategies: 1) a reactive controller that tracks the subject's head pose and 2) combining the reactive system with a POMDP planner that considers the target's movement intentions. Incorporating a POMDP planner into the system results in more stable footage and less quadcopter motion.
Systematic Review of Hospital Readmissions Among Patients With Cancer in the United States

Purpose/objectives To review the existing literature on readmission rates, predictors, and reasons for readmission among adults with cancer. . Data sources U.S.-based empirical studies reporting readmission rates from January 2005 to December 2015 were identified using four online library databases-PubMed, CINAHL®, EconLit, and the online bibliography of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program. Some articles were identified by the authors outside the database and bibliography searches. . Data synthesis Of the 1,219 abstracts and 271 full-text articles screened, 56 studies met inclusion criteria. The highest readmission rates were observed in patients with bladder, pancreatic, ovarian, or liver cancer. Significant predictors of readmission included comorbidities, older age, advanced disease, and index length of hospital stay. Common reasons for readmission included gastrointestinal and surgical complications, infection, and dehydration. . Conclusions Clinical efforts to reduce the substantial readmission rates among adults with cancer may target high-rate conditions, infection prevention, proactive management of nausea and vomiting, and nurse-led care coordination interventions for older adult patients with multiple comorbid conditions and advanced cancer. . Implications for nursing Commonly reported reasons for readmission were nursing-sensitive patient outcomes (NSPOs), amenable to nursing intervention in oncology settings. These findings underscore the important role oncology nurses play in readmission prevention by implementing evidence-based interventions to address NSPOs and testing their impact in future research.
New combinations and typification in Shivparvatia (Alsineae, Caryophyllaceae)

Four new combinations in Shivparvatia (Alsineae, Caryophyllaceae) are made to accommodate placement of all currently recognized taxa of Arenaria subg. Solitariae within the genus Shivparvatia .
Recognizing Mine Site Hazards: Identifying Differences in Hazard Recognition Ability for Experienced and New Mineworkers

To perform a successful workplace examination, miners must be able to find and fix hazards. The goal of the current research project was to identify differences in how workers with varying amounts of work and safety experience search and identify hazards. The NIOSH research team created true-to-life panoramic images that safety professionals, experienced miners, inexperienced miners, and students searched for hazards. The effects of the image context and experience level of the participants on the overall accuracy are explored. The research findings suggest that safety experience and hazard familiarity play a large role in a miner’s ability to identify hazards. Findings from this study will be incorporated into training programs focused on improving hazard recognition ability for surface stone, sand, and gravel miners.
We Have an HPC System: Now What?

If you build it, will they come? Not necessarily. A critical need exists for knowledge in managing and properly utilizing supercomputing at mid-level and smaller research institutions. Simply having HPC hardware and some software is not enough. This paper relates the administrative experience of the first several months of a mid-level doctoral university providing a new enterprise XSEDE [15] Compatible Basic Cluster (XCBC) [3,4,5] high performance computing cluster to faculty and other researchers, including the experiences of first-day urgencies, initial problems in the first few weeks, and establishing an ongoing management system.
The Environment, Process Design, and Control: Better Things for Better Living

Abstract The modern chemical industry is a technology-driven manufacturing enterprise that produces the chemicals, materials, and energy to provide better things for better living. To operate in today's environment, the industry must be responsive to both competitive and public pressures. To remain competitive requires a continual effort both to reduce manufacturing cost and to improve product quality, while meeting the public's demands requires responsible operations that protect the community and the environment. This paper summarizes the technological challenges to achieving near-perfect manufacturing operations, the methods used to develop and capture process knowledge, and the techniques being applied to use that knowledge to control manufacturing plants to both maximize the shareholder value, protect the environment, and create ever better things for increasingly better living.
Aberrant Proteostasis of BMAL1 Underlies Circadian Abnormalities in a Paradigmatic mTOR-opathy

Summary Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, whose products form a critical inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Loss of TSC1/2 gene function renders an mTOR-overactivated state. Clinically, TSC manifests with epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism, and sleep dysfunction. Here, we report that mouse models of TSC have abnormal circadian rhythms. We show that mTOR regulates the proteostasis of the core clock protein BMAL1, affecting its translation, degradation, and subcellular localization. This results in elevated levels of BMAL1 and a dysfunctional clock that displays abnormal timekeeping under constant conditions and exaggerated responses to phase resetting. Genetically lowering the dose of BMAL1 rescues circadian behavioral phenotypes in TSC mouse models. These findings indicate that BMAL1 deregulation is a feature of the mTOR-activated state and suggest a molecular mechanism for mitigating circadian phenotypes in a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Dadda Multiplier designs using memristors

Memristors have recently become a leader in future system design due to their unique storage abilities and high density. This work presents an optimized Dadda Multiplier using memristors and IMPLY logic. The design reduces the baseline delay by 30% and complexity by 50% and has fewer than 60% the components of the CMOS design. The design is also pipelined to achieve 3× the throughput of CMOS.
Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors

This article is a continuation and update from the previous two editions which were published, respectively, in 1997 and 2010. Since the publication of the first book on Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures in 1994 ( Yang, 1994a ), we witnessed, with gratification, the advancement of science in this area, as well as the awareness and implementation of regulatory decisions by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and others to address issues of multiple chemical (and multiple stressor) exposures. Despite such impressive progress, however, if we focus on one of the examples cited in this article, a citizen’s petition on Jul. 17, 1984, under section 21 of Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), from Robert Ginsburg and Mary Ellen Montes, we are still far away from answering some of the questions concerning chemical mixture toxicology and risk assessment raised by these laypersons. Looking at another direction at CDC’s Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals ( CDC, 2009 ) and its related various updates up to the most recent one published in Feb. 2015 ( CDC, 2015 ), neither do we have a satisfactory answer toward the question “What is the toxicological significance of the presence of at least 265 chemical pollutants ( CDC, 2015 ) in our body?” Consider further the stressors that our bodies encounter, chemicals are but one of the multiple elements. The Gulf War Syndrome and, more recently, the potential negative environmental health impacts from unconventional oil and gas exploration (“Fracking”) all over the country, brought the significance of multiple stressors further into focus. Thus, we have a great deal of work and challenges ahead of us. While we face the challenges of this very complex and difficult area of toxicology and risk assessment of chemical mixtures and multiple stressors, new frontiers such as nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, e-cigarette, and others have arisen in recent years. In the meantime, a most significant endeavor and tremendous effort, the “Halifax Project” came into being, and its results, 12 review articles, appeared, in Jun. 2015, in a special supplemental issue of Carcinogenesis (Vol. 36, Supplement 1). Its emphasis on the low-dose, chronic exposures to mixtures of environmental pollutants on carcinogenesis based on the 11 Hallmarks of Cancer and its global contribution to the Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors might prove to be a “Revolution” for science one day. Aspiring young scientists are encouraged to enter this vitally important area as we need talents from all disciplines of science to tackle these nagging problems.
The Extremist's Advantage in Civil Wars

The number of radical Islamist groups fighting in civil wars in Muslim countries has steadily grown over the last twenty years, with such groups outlasting and outperforming more moderate groups. B...
The Public Economy of Prestige. Mexican Literature and the Paradox of State-Funded Symbolic Capital

This chapter is concerned with the concepts of literary field, autonomy and symbolic capital, as manifested in the paradoxical relationship between the literary field and the state. Through a study of Mexico’s National Fund of Artistic Creators (FONCA) and the Young Creators program, the chapter discusses the way in which the “public economy of prestige” (a term elaborated after James English’s idea of “economy of prestige”) creates forms of capital that allow writers in different genres to participate in the literary and social fields. Using cases such as Yuri Herrera and Maria Rivera as well as discussions on the publication of books, the chapter focuses on the paradoxes of a state-funded literary field that, at the same time, operates under neoliberal principles of transfer of capital from the public to the private sphere.
Selective permeability of mucus barriers

Mucus is a hydrogel that exhibits complex selective permeability, permitting the passage of some particles while restricting the passage of other particles including important therapeutics. In this review, we discuss biochemical mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and mucus binding, emphasizing the importance of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. We discuss emerging techniques for engineering nanoparticle surface chemistries for mucus penetration as well as recent advances in tuning mucus interactions with small molecule, peptide, or protein therapeutics. Finally, we highlight recent work suggesting that mucus permeability can serve as a biomarker for disease and physiological states such as pregnancy.
Safe on the Move: The Importance of the Built Environment

Fear and anxiety about personal security impede walking and the use of public transport, and the level of fear is different among different social groups. At the same time, transit crime is a rather persistent but underreported trend that intimidates transport users in many cities, particularly women. Such crime mostly takes place not in the enclosed and easily surveyed transport vehicles but in the more open environment of transit stops and platforms or in their close vicinity. But while some transit stops have very little incidence of crime, others in close proximity to them and along the same bus routes are highly affected by criminal incidents. This study draws from the literature as well as empirical studies to explain the relationship between fear and crime and the spatial characteristics of places. The chapter concludes by discussing design and policy responses as a useful approach to crime prevention in transportation settings.