cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Food Environment Through the Camera Lenses of 9- to 13-Year-Olds Living in Urban, Low-Income, Midwestern Households: A Photovoice Project

Abstract Objective To pilot Photovoice methodology with low-income, urban 9- to 13-year-olds to gain insight about their food environment and to determine whether this methodology was engaging and acceptable to them. Methods Photovoice methodology was used to allow children to represent their food environment. Twenty male and 9 female, low-income, 9- to 13-year-old children participated. Quantitative photograph analysis included quantity taken and usable internal/external and social environment and healthfulness categorizations. Qualitative analysis was conducted through open coding of interview transcripts. Results A total of 345 usable photos were taken by the children (n = 29), depicting both healthy and unhealthy foods. Four themes were identified (1) food characteristics; (2) social environment; (3) kitchen, cooking, and dining environments; and (4) food insecurity. Unhealthy food was most readily available to children. Children reported a lack of functioning kitchen equipment and multiple physical and environmental challenges to consuming a healthy diet. Food insecurity was prevalent. Food stamps and food pantries were used to fill gaps in the home food supply. Conclusions and Implications Photovoice can be effective in engaging children in conversation about their food environment and increases understanding of their experiences with food. Photovoice can provide insight into the household food environments. This information can be used to tailor interventions to better reflect the living environment and eating behaviors in low-income populations.
Application to Control Systems

This chapter presents a new measurement based approach to the problem of controller design for Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) systems directly from the frequency response data. The objective is to guarantee stability and a prescribed desired closed loop frequency response meeting the design specifications. The method to be presented can be used to solve controller design problems wherein the mathematical model of the plant is unknown but for which the frequency response data is available.
Functional connectivity as a means to delineate differences between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia

It has been estimated that one-third of schizophrenia patients are treatment resistant (TRS). Recent studies have shown that functional connectivity (FC) can be used for measuring connections between brain regions in diseased states. White, Wigton, Joyce, Collier, Fornito, and Shergill (Neuropsychopharmacology. First published September 9, 2015; doi:10.1038/npp.2015.277) used FC to identify differences between schizophrenia patients responding to antipsychotic treatment and TRS patients. Their results support the idea that the groups differ not only in treatment response but also neurophysiologically through differences in FC.
Introduction: Special Section on Asian American Leadership

Why an issue on Asian American leadership? Asian Americans, known as the model minority, typically “overachieve” and exceed all other groups on SAT scores, achievement tests, graduate degrees, and higher educational levels. If Asians are so smart, why are they so “underrepresented” in the ranks of political and business leadership within the United States? In this special section, we try to answer that question and how Asians can achieve equity. We review the current state of the art on leadership and its failure to incorporate diversity into its principles and models. We examine Asian cultural values and how they might influence the exercise of leadership among Asian American leaders. We also review perceptions of incongruity between Asian Americans and their potential for leadership roles. Consequently, Asian Americans may behave in response to stereotypical threat expectations and how bias may mitigate against positive views of Asian Americans as effective leaders. Finally, we call for an affirmative paradigm in developing a model of diversity leadership.
Abstract 147: ECG to Decision Time - Small Delays Deciding to Transfer a STEMI Patient Adds Much Larger Delays to Reperfusion Time

Background: Non-PCI capable facilities are faced with a time critical challenge to transfer a STEMI patient to a PCI capable hospital for Primary PCI within 120 minutes of first medical contact. Once a 12-Lead ECG is obtained and printed, a period of time elapses before STEMI is recognized, and a decision is made to transfer the patient for Primary PCI. It seems logical that the ECG-to-Decision time should not impact the subsequent Decision-to-PCI time. We evaluated the impact of the time spent from ECG-to-Decision time on the subsequent Decision-to-PCI time. Methods: Data was combined, and retrospectively analyzed on 157 consecutive STEMI cases first identified at 32 non-PCI capable facilities, and transferred to one of two different PCI capable hospitals located in either Duluth, Minnesota, or Fargo, North Dakota. There were 124 cases from September 2013 through February 2015 at one hospital, and 33 cases from May 2013 through February 2015 at the other. Decision time was defined by the call time for in...
Grit and self-employment: a multi-country study

Blending the literatures on grit and self-employment, we propose the role of grit in separating the self-employed from the employed. Based on a sample of 13,210 respondents from nine countries, our results indicate that not only is grit related to self-employment, but also grit is more strongly related to self-employment for risk-takers, females, and younger individuals. The findings are robust, controlling for several individual characteristics and alternate specifications, and have implications for the broader literature on self-employment.
The Dominant Tradition and the Magisterium

In the previous chapter I argue that the eco-theological vision of Saint Thomas Aquinas is limited to the conservation of the nonhuman creation for the sake of all human beings, specifically for their bodily nourishment and spiritual knowledge. Aquinas grounds his anthropocentric position firmly within a cosmological theocentrism such that the latter solidifies the former. It is my claim that this understanding represents the dominant view in Christian thought.
Small signal modeling and control of a grid tied converter without a syncronization unit

In this paper, control of a grid-tied converter as a voltage controlled converter is investigated for distribution level grids. Small signal model of the converter is presented and a control structure is designed to deliver desired active and reactive power. This controller is using power flow equations to control the converter as a synchronous machine and without the need for a dedicated synchronization unit (PLL) during its normal operation. It is demonstrated that the controller ensures decoupled control and is immune to grid frequency fluctuations.
A COMPARISON OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF CHLORTHALIDONE AND HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE.

Chlorthalidone, hydrochlorthiazide, and a placebo were compared in a double-blind study. Both drugs used in this study were effective antihypertensive agents and produced similar electrolyte changes.
Megaloblastosis Produced by a Cytosine Antagonist

1. Cytosine arabinoside induced objective, but temporary, decrease of tumor masses in three patients with lymphosarcoma and slight decrease in some lesions in two out of ten treated patients with disseminated carcinomatosis. 2. In doses of 3 to 50 mg./Kg. given at varying intervals, cytosine arabinoside induced definite megaloblastic changes in the marrow of all patients studied. Mitotic abnormalities similar to those found in other megaloblastic anemias also occurred. 3. Associated with bone marrow changes, depressions of hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood were observed. 4. The exact mechanism of action of cytosine arabinoside has not been elucidated. It is speculated that because of the close structural similarity between cytidylic acid, cytosine arabinoside could interfere with DNA synthesis.
Psychology of Religion in Global Perspective: Logic, Approach, Concepts

ABSTRACTFrom initial beginnings at the dawn of modern psychology about 120 years ago, the psychology of religion developed slowly during the 20th century, increasing at a modest pace by 2000; but strikingly so since 9/11. Psychological research on religiousness has been transformed from a small subfield of interest to only a few into a topic of broad interest within general psychology including the neurocognitive, developmental-personality-clinical, and social-cultural areas. At the same time, it has become increasingly internationalized with research now coming from many regions and cultures. Creative research with some surprise findings from various countries illustrates topics that go far beyond the field’s often-critiqued humble beginnings in New England and a few isolated spots in Northwest and Central Europe. The research is multilevel within psychology and interdisciplinary. It not only acknowledges but also aims to understand the role of cultural context interactive with individual variables in re...
Qualitative evaluation of perceptions of smoking cessation among clients at an alcohol and other drug treatment program

Abstract Background Smoking is highly prevalent in the substance use population and trials of smoking cessation among patients actively receiving treatment for substance use disorder have yielded modest quit rates. However, smoking cessation is not routinely provided due to the ungrounded belief it will interfere with recovery from the primary substance use problem. Objectives The objective of this qualitative study was to determine the perceptions of smoking cessation in a substance use population. Specifically, we aimed to 1) identify the motivations for and barriers to cessation for clients in treatment for substance use disorder; 2) explore the attitudes of clients towards cessation efforts while actively receiving treatment for substance use disorder; 3) identify sources of social support during cessation; and 4) describe the culture of cessation at the site. Methods Semi-structured, one-on-one, in-person interviews were conducted with clients at Salvation Army Harbor Light Center, a 90-day residential alcohol and other drug treatment facility in Pittsburgh, PA. All current and past smokers were invited to participate. Participants were asked to complete a brief demographic survey. Enrollment continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and transcripts were verified. Codes were developed and themes were identified using Grounded Theory. Results Sixteen interviews were conducted over a period of 6 months. Most participants were white men (68.8%) with a primary drug of choice of alcohol (75%). Thematic analysis from interviews identified 9 themes relating to the environment at the site, specific strategies and challenges related to substance use, and generalized factors impacting their confidence in success. Conclusions Clients at Harbor Light face several unique barriers to quitting that are consistent with findings in the literature. Program administrators may consider adopting policies that promote cultural changes to encourage smoking cessation in the recovery community. This data will help to tailor smoking cessation services to the needs of the population.
A study on power-flow and short-circuit algorithms capable of analyzing the effect of load current on fault current using the bus impedance matrix

In short-circuit studies, load makes difficult to determine fault current that flows in positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence networks. Therefore, it is often ignored because the magnitude of load current is much less than that of fault current that flows from generators when a fault occurs. As distributed generation (DG) resources such as photovoltaic systems, wind farms, and non-linear generators based on power electronics have being deployed into power system networks, load current that flows from them may affect a magnitude of fault current. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a short-circuit algorithm that analyzes the effect of load current on fault current. For this purpose, using the bus impedance matrix and the iterative current compensation method presented in [1], this study initially develops a power-flow analysis algorithm that iterates to calculate current to be injected and determines voltage. Then, the proposed short-circuit algorithm uses as input data the results of power-flow calculation. To verify the algorithms developed in MATLAB, a distribution system with a DG resource is presented in a case study. Then, this study (a) calculates the power flow of the distribution system, (b) generates a single line-to-ground fault, and (c) changes the capacity of load, the capacity of a DG resource, and the location of a fault. Finally, it examines the effect of load and DG on a magnitude of fault current.
UAV Localization in Row Crops

High-flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are transforming industrial and research agriculture by delivering high spatiotemporal resolution data on a field environment. While current UAVs fly high above fields collecting aerial imagery, future low-flying aircraft will directly interact with the environment and will utilize a wider variety of sensors. Safely and reliably operating close to unstructured environments requires improving UAVs' sensing, localization, and control algorithms. To this end, we investigate localizing a micro-UAV in corn phenotyping trials using a laser scanner and IMU to control the altitude and position of the vehicle relative to the plant rows. In this process, the laser scanner is not only a means of localization, but also a scientific instrument for measuring plant properties. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the is capable of safely and reliably operating in real-world phenotyping trials. We experimentally validate the system in both low and high wind conditions in fully mature corn fields. Using test data from 18 test flights, we show that the UAV is capable of localizing its position to within one field row of the true position.
Measuring Cross-Frequency Coupling of EEG Signals between Different Scalp Electrode Locations during Extended Seizure Epochs

Much has been written in the neuroscience literature about the influence that different frequency bands of brainwaves may exert on others, perhaps modulatory, from one neuronal population to another. This Matlab-based project shows some preliminary results of a possibly meaningful way to quantify the disruption of ‘communication’ between different frequency bands at different scalp electrode locations during extended seizure epochs. It uses a quadratic measure of signal coherence, ‘bicoherence’, as employed by Dr. Xiaoli Li and his team in China, in their successful depth of anesthesia and sleep studies. In this simple presentation, the delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) and theta (4-7.5 Hz) bands were used, in 0.5 Hz increments.
THU0655 Do visual decision aids help patients correctly differentiate between a 2% and a 0.2% risk?

Background Studies have found that patients ignore probabilities when making treatment decisions. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine whether addition of an icon array (IA), a series of three consecutive balance-beam (BB) illustrations depicting how medications regulate the immune system, or both resulted in patients being able to better differentiate between an uncommon (2%) and rare (0.2%) adverse event (AE). Methods Patients currently being treated for a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease were mailed a survey in which they were asked to imagine that their symptoms had recently worsened and that their physician was recommending a new medication. The medication was described using eight scenarios (manipulated using a 2x4 design). We varied the probability of a serious AE (pneumonia requiring hospitalization): 2% vs 0.2% and the risk presentation format: numbers only, numbers + IA, numbers + BB, and numbers + IA + BB. Route of administration, benefit, and cost were held constant. Each subject responded to a single, randomly-assigned scenario. Dependent variables included perceived riskiness, worry, global gist related to the acceptability of the AE, and willingness to take the medication (all measured on 5-point ordinal scales). We hypothesized that the IA and BB formats would result in 1) lower perceived riskiness and worry, and 2) greater acceptability of the AE and willingness to take the medication in the 0.2% vs 2% scenarios. Socioeconomic status (SES) was defined based on difficulty paying for medication and education level. Results We mailed 1453 surveys. 465 patients completed and mailed the survey back (32% response rate). Overall, the mean age of responders was 58.99 (SD=14.85); 79.7% of were female; 83.2% White and 39.1% had a low SES. There were no statistical differences in demographic or clinical characteristics across the four risk presentation formats. Mean (SD) perceived riskiness, worry, global gist, and willingness to take the medication for 2% versus 0.2% chance of the AE, by SES level, are presented in the Image. Perceived riskiness was lower for a 0.2% versus 2% risk of the AE in the numbers + IA condition in higher SES subjects. Lower SES subjects who viewed both IA and BB were more worried about the AE and found the AE to be less acceptable in the 0.2% versus 2% condition. Conclusions With the exception of the IA9s impact on perceived riskiness among subjects with higher SES, the risk formats used did not enable subjects to correctly differentiate between a 0.2% and a 2% risk of a serious AE. These results highlight the lack of impact of quantitative risk information on patients9 risk perceptions. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Thermal Excitation of the Mechanotransduction Apparatus of Hair Cells

Although a hair bundle is normally deflected by mechanical stimuli, we found that irradiation of a hair cell from the bullfrog's sacculus with ultraviolet light causes rapid motion of the hair bundle toward its tall edge. This movement is associated with opening of mechanotransduction channels and disappears when tip links are disrupted. We localized the absorptive element responsible for the motion to the region directly below the hair bundle and measured an action spectrum similar to the absorption spectra of mitochondrial constituents. Temperature measurements revealed heating around the site of absorption; direct heating of the hair bundle confirmed that the response to light is mediated through heat. Although mechanical offsets of the hair bundle revealed that heat softens gating springs, it also acts directly to open transduction channels. This study identifies an unconventional method of hair-cell stimulation and clarifies the previously unexplained sensitivity of auditory organs to thermal stimulation.
Intracranial Epidural Metastases of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma: A Rare Entity.

Background Pheochromocytomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal medulla. Malignant behavior is seen in approximately 10% of these lesions, evidenced by distant metastasis to sites without chromaffin tissue. Here we report a rare case of intracranial epidural metastases of an adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 24-year-old man. Case Description The patient originally presented at age 10 years with adrenal pheochromocytoma and subsequently developed extensive metastatic bone and lung disease. He was monitored in the intervening years until recent imaging demonstrated an enlarging right parietal mass. On surgical resection of the parietal lesion, the tumor was highly vascularized and confined to the epidural space. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic epidural spread of pheochromocytoma without concomitant subdural or intraparenchymal extension.
The viscosity at the glass transition of a liquid lubricant

In the classical study of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) which does not employ real, measurable viscosity in analysis, the possibility of a glass transition has not been considered in many years. Indeed, the two rheological assumptions of classical EHL, the Newtonian inlet and the equivalence of a traction curve to a flow curve, would not have persisted so long had the pressure dependence of the viscosity been accurately stated. With the recent appearance of viscosity obtained from viscometers in EHL analysis, the possibility of a glass transition in the contact should be reexamined, especially for the fragile traction fluids. This article employs published data for a synthetic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon to estimate the glass transition viscosity so that, when using real viscosities in EHL simulations, the state of the liquid may be assessed. Far into the glassy state the liquid should be treated as an elastic solid with a yield stress.
Evolution and development of scyphozoan jellyfish

Scyphozoan jellyfish, or scyphomedusae, are conspicuous members of many ocean ecosystems, and have large impacts on human health and industry. Most scyphomedusae are the final stage in a complex life cycle that also includes two intermediate stages: the larval planula and benthic polyp. In species with all three life-cycle stages, the metamorphosis of a polyp into a juvenile scyphomedusa (ephyra) is termed strobilation, and polyps can produce one ephyra (termed monodisc strobilation) or many ephyrae (termed polydisc strobilation). In contrast to species with planula, polyp and medusa stages, a handful of scyphozoan species possess modified life cycles with reduced or absent stages. The evolutionary patterns associated with strobilation and life-cycle type have not been thoroughly investigated, and many studies of ephyra development and strobilation induction are not yet synthesized. Herein, I place the development of scyphomedusae in an evolutionary context. I first review the current evolutionary hypotheses for Scyphozoa. Next, I review what is known about scyphomedusa development across a broad diversity of species, including the first signs of strobilation, the formation of strobila segments, and the morphogenesis of ephyrae. I then review cases where the canonical scyphozoan life cycle has been modified, and take advantage of phylogenetic hypotheses to place these observations in an evolutionary context. I show that the evolution of monodisc strobilation occurred at least twice, and that the loss of intermediate life-cycle stages occurred several times independently; by contrast, the reduction of the medusa stage appears to have occurred within a single clade. I then briefly review the major natural cues of strobilation induction. Finally, I summarize what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms of strobilation induction and ephyra development. I conclude with suggestions for future directions in the field.
Radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

It is a privilege to present this special issue of Translational Andrology and Urology ( TAU ), which focuses on radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Many thanks to the dedicated and generous authors whose contributions made this issue possible.
Demography and Changing Families

Family change is pervasive. We need only read our daily newspapers—or watch television news—to be exposed to the vast diversity of family forms in existence. Moreover, demographic data on the U.S. population has tracked family structure over a 75-year period and provides documentation of family changes (Wetzel, 1990). The traditional family (i.e., a two-parent family in which the father is the sole economic provider and the mother is the primary caretaker; Macklin, 1987), is now the minority family among those with children. In 1988, of families with children under 18 years old, only 32.7% consisted of married couples in which the father was the sole provider. Some of the most prominent trends concerning family change (Wetzel, 1990) include the entry of women into the work force, delayed childbearing, family dissolution, single-parenting, and the growth of nonfamily households (individuals living together but unrelated biologically or legally).
Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of High-Value p-Menthane Monoterpenes, Including Menthol, Carvone, and Limonene

Monoterpenes of the p-menthane group are volatile secondary (or specialized) metabolites found across the plant kingdom. They are dominant constituents of commercially important essential oils obtained from members of the genera Mentha (Lamiaceae), Carum (Apiaceae), Citrus (Rutaceae), and Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). p-Menthane monoterpenes have also attracted interest as chiral specialty chemicals, and the harvest from natural sources is therefore supplemented by chemical synthesis. More recently, microbial and plant-based platforms for the high-level accumulation of specific target monoterpenes have been developed. In this review chapter, I discuss the properties of the genes and enzymes involved in p-menthane biosynthesis and provide a critical assessment of biotechnological production approaches.
Subseasonal variations in marine reservoir age from pre-bomb Donax obesulus and Protothaca asperrima shell carbonate

Abstract Two Donax obesulus and two Protothaca asperrima shells collected prior to the nuclear testing of the 1950's were micromilled at sub-seasonal resolution to yield new reservoir effect (ΔR) estimates for the coast of Peru. Shells from northern (4°40′S to 8°14′S) and central (13°52′S) Peru produced ΔR values of 123 ± 50 and 110 ± 49 years respectively. We found such values statistically indistinguishable from each other while reporting intra-annual ΔR variability along shells ontogeny in agreement with previously published regional ΔR values. This similarity suggests radiocarbon dating of short-lived (
Abstract 3486: Metabolomics in estrogen receptor or triple-negative breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Metabolic syndrome and obesity may contribute to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and there are obesity-related alterations in metabolites. Therefore, we pilot-tested metabolomics in ER-negative or TNBC using urine samples from 60 breast cancer cases. In total, 475 metabolites were quantified in different super-pathways: 147 in amino acid, 38 in carbohydrate, 27 in cofactors and vitamins, 12 in energy, 50 in lipid, 31 in nucleotide, 17 in peptide, and 153 in xenobiotics. Our data in 13 ER- and 47 ER+ showed that urinary beta-alanine is higher (3.35+3.73 vs. 1.82+2.26) in ER- breast cancer patients. Our data also show, the first time, that the urinary beta-alanine was higher in TNBC (3.60+4.33; N=8) compared to other subtypes (1.93+2.32; N=52). Beta-alanine is a nonessential amino acid that has previously been shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer. In breast cancer cells, beta-alanine reduces both tumor cell migration and proliferation without acting in a cytotoxic fashion. It also significantly increased breast cancer cell sensitivity to doxorubicin. Our data on xanthine are also consistent with the previous study on breast tumor that slightly higher level was observed in ER- patient (1.41+1.35 vs. 1.16+0.88). The level of xanthine was significantly higher in TNBC compared to other subtypes (1.67+1.69 vs. 1.14+0.84). More importantly, our pilot data also showed that urinary mannose levels were significantly higher in ER- tumor (2.21+1.90 vs. 0.90+1.21 p=0.032) and TNBC (2.19+1.77 vs. 1.03+1.38, p=0.037), which is consistent with a previous study that reported that serum mannose levels can differentiate patients with metastatic and localized breast cancer. Metabolic drugs for cancer, such as glutaminase inhibitors, are currently under development and being tested in clinical trials. Therefore, if our data are validated, metabolomics of ER- or TNBC will contribute to innovative discoveries that will impact breast cancer prevention and precision medicine targeting metabolomic pathways. Citation Format: Jennifer J. Hu, Cristiane Takita, Eunkyung Lee, Jean Wright. Metabolomics in estrogen receptor or triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3486.
Case 14: Penetrating Zone II/III Open Globe Injury from a Knife

A 31-year-old man presented with a Zone II-III open globe injury of the left eye. The patient was using a fishing knife which then projected from his hand and hit his left eye. The patient underwent repair of this open globe injury. Although he had a significant penetrating injury, the patient had an excellent visual outcome. Penetrating injuries often have better visual outcomes than significant blunt ocular trauma. This patient’s postoperative course was complicated by a peripheral choroidal rupture; however, given the location, it did not impact his visual acuity.
The association between caregiver burden, resilience, and self-rated health in a national sample of caregivers of patients with cancer.

e22138Background: Providing care for a patient with cancer can have a deleterious effect on the health of the caregiver. Self-rated health (SRH) is an important caregiver health metric, and prior r...
Protective effect of unilateral vasospasm in the setting of HHH-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: case report, review of the literature, and treatment considerations

Hyperdynamic therapy, also called triple-H therapy, is the standard treatment and prophylaxis for aneurysmal-associated vasospasm. In patients who are able to tolerate cardiopulmonary stressors induced by this therapy, it is of benefit as a modality for prevention and treatment of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit. However, it can be a cause of significant cardiopulmonary or neurologic sequelae. In rare cases, it can be associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), secondary to prolonged vasopressor and hypertensive therapies. We present the case of a patient with right-sided aneurysmal-associated vasospasm who, after 10 days of triple-H therapy, experienced a seizure and was found to have left-sided PRES. Right-sided vasospasm served as a protective mechanism from triple-H therapy-associated PRES. It presented a treatment conundrum due to contradictory perfusion requirements. Hypertensive therapy was curtailed and in efforts to preserve local cerebral perfusion and vasodilation, local therapy with intrathecal nicardipine was initiated. We present our case, a review of the literature, and management considerations. Therapies that have conventionally functioned as second line treatments for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (intra-arterial vasodilators and intrathecal vasodilators) may be beneficial as earlier treatments in the setting of vasospasm given the systemic difficulties and complications associated with HHH therapy in patients with PRES.
The association of patient and burn characteristics with itching and pain severity.

Abstract Introduction Itch after burn injury causes significant distress to patients and can hamper functional recovery. Itching can persist on a time scale ranging from several weeks to even years after injury. In this study, we sought to determine predictors of itching after burn injury. Methods We compared itch and pain severity among patients included in a burn registry at a level 1 trauma center. Both itch and pain severity was based on a 5-point scale. ANOVA, chi-squared, and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of itch and pain severity. Results Of the 1159 patients enrolled in the registry, 58% were male and 42% female, with a median age (IQR) of 27 (8–47) years. Most patients were diagnosed with 2nd degree superficial (41%) or deep (43%) burns. Upper extremities were the most common location of burn injury (59%), followed by lower extremities (31%), trunk (22%), and face/neck (20%). More than half (53%) of enrolled patients reported itching, ranging from minimal (19%) to severe (7%) itching. Multivariate analyses revealed age, sex (female), extent of burn injuries, and location (face/neck) to be predictors of itch after burn. Predictors of pain after burn were slightly different: age, extent of burn, and depth of burn. Conclusion Pain and itch after burn injuries are predicted by slightly different variables, presumably secondary to different underlying mechanisms. We conclude that age, sex (female), extent of burn injuries (total body surface area %), and injuries to the face/neck predict itching of greater severity. Patients with burn injuries that match these parameters would require greater care and closer follow up to reduce itching after healing.
Facies architecture and across-shelf variability of an extensive Lower Triassic (Smithian) microbial carbonate mound complex in the western U.S.

Abstract Widespread Lower Triassic microbial carbonates occur after the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) and are commonly attributed to reduced metazoan competition after the EPME, or to paleoceanographic conditions that suppressed metazoan abundance and increased ocean carbonate saturation. Testing these hypotheses requires direct spatial (versus temporal) linkages between Lower Triassic microbial deposits and lithologic or geochemical proxy evidence for environmental perturbations. This study uses facies within and associated with an extensive Lower Triassic (Smithian) microbial carbonate mound complex, which developed across a > 400-km-wide middle-to-inner shelf in southern Utah, U.S.A., to assess potential controls on microbial carbonate development. Middle-shelf microbial mounds (1–2 m tall) are composed of stromatactis-rich peloidal boundstones that are laterally linked by microbial intermound beds. Inner-shelf microbial mounds ( Sparse, but persistent benthic fauna and bioturbation in all microbial facies and the lack of lithologic indicators of bottom-water anoxia indicate sufficient O2 levels to support animal life. The broad Utah shelf study area implies that shelf-edge, upwelling-derived, carbonate-saturated waters did not control microbial carbonate precipitation. Regional controls on microbial mound complex development include deposition during sea-level rise along a wide shallow shelf that maximized the areal extent of clear-water, low-energy subtidal environments and promoted growth of prolific photosynthesizing microbial communities. Probable global controls include the post-EPME reduction in skeletal metazoan competition, which permitted microbial mats to flourish, and elevated global-ocean carbonate saturation states and promoted extensive carbonate precipitation.
Targeting cellular metabolism to reduce head and neck cancer growth.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents a major public health concern because of delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. Malignant cells often reprogram their metabolism in order to promote their survival and proliferation. Aberrant glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression enables malignant cells to undergo increased glutaminolysis and utilization of glutamine as an alternative nutrient. In this study, we found a significantly elevated GLS1 expression in HNSCC, and patients with high expression levels of GLS1 experienced shorter disease-free periods after therapy. We hypothesized that the GLS1 selective inhibitor, bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES), which curtails cells’ glutamine consumption, may inhibit HNSCC cell growth. Our results support the idea that BPTES inhibits HNSCC growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Considering that metformin can reduce glucose consumption, we speculated that metformin would enhance the anti-neoplasia effect of BPTES by suppressing malignant cells’ glucose utilization. The combination of both compounds exhibited an additive inhibitory effect on cancer cell survival and proliferation. All of our data suggest that GLS1 is a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment. Combining BPTES with metformin might achieve improved anti-cancer effects in HNSSC, which sheds light on using novel therapeutic strategies by dually targeting cellular metabolism.
Technology to enhance in-class discussions and student participation at a multi-campus program.

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implementation of a novel approach to using technology in a class taught from a satellite campus via synchronous video teleconferencing and its impact on student participation. Educational activity and setting A wiki platform was blended with an audience response system and implemented during a one-hour class period. Students provided answers to open-ended discussion questions on the audience-response wiki page. The instructor read responses aloud as they were added, and provided explanation and immediate feedback on each response. Findings There were 136 second year student pharmacists enrolled in the class, and 41 (30.15%) students contributed to the audience response wiki during the in-class discussion. The combined four discussion questions had a total of 86 responses, which indicates that some students participated more than once. There are five accepted types of student interaction in distance education, and the audience-response wiki addressed each of them. Additionally, it addressed many barriers to in-class discussion for students on a distance campus including microphone anxiety and fear of interrupting a peer on another campus. Beyond enhanced student participation, it allowed the instructor to provide immediate feedback on a higher volume of student responses. Summary Audience response wiki tools are free, easy to use, and allow students across multiple campuses to overcome barriers associated in-class discussion.
Asylum medicine: standard and best practices.

Due to global events in recent years, applications for political asylum have increased, although the number of people granted asylum in the United States and elsewhere has declined. Physicians and other health care professionals can play a crucial role in the evaluation of individuals seeking asylum, since appropriately documented objective clinical evidence of torture and other forms of persecution can increase the likelihood that survivors of human rights abuses obtain asylum. Many clinicians have the requisite expertise and skills needed to conduct forensic asylum evaluations. However, despite growing interest in this area, the demand for medical and psychiatric forensic evaluations exceeds the number of clinicians who are prepared to conduct asylum evaluations. In an effort to increase the number of qualified clinicians interested and involved in medical and psychiatric evaluations of asylum seekers, this article offers a summary of standard and best practices in the area, including recommended qualifications and competencies relevant to the practice of forensic asylum evaluations, guidance on effective approaches to the medical and psychiatric evaluation of asylum seekers, and recommendations related to medicolegal documentation and testimony. We also highlight gaps in evidence regarding best practices.
Introducing the 4.4 km Spatial Resolution MISR Aerosol Product

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument has been operational on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite since early 2000, creating an extensive data set of global Earth observations. Here we introduce the latest version of the MISR aerosol products. The Level 2 (swath) product, which is reported on a 4.4 km spatial grid, is designated Version 23 (V23) and contains retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol particle property information derived from MISR's multi-angle observations over both land and water. The changes from the previous version of the algorithm (V22) have significant impacts on the data product and its interpretation. The V23 data set is created from two separate retrieval algorithms that are applied over dark water and land surfaces, respectively. Besides increasing the horizontal resolution to 4.4 km compared with the coarser 17.6 m resolution in V22, and streamlining the format and content, the V23 product has added geolocation information, pixel-level uncertainty estimates, and improved cloud screening. MISR data can be obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/misr/misr_table . The version number for the V23 Level 2 aerosol product is F13_0023. The Level 3 (gridded) aerosol product is still reported at 0.5° x 0.5° spatial resolution with results aggregated from the higher-resolution Level 2 data. The format and content at Level 3 have also been updated to reflect the changes made at Level 2. The Level 3 product associated with the V23 Level 2 product version is designated F15_0032. Both the Level 2 and Level 3 products are now provided in NetCDF format.
Disposition of [14C]LY2606368 following intravenous administration in patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid tumours.

The disposition and metabolism of prexasertib, a CHK-1 inhibitor was characterised over a 120 h period following a single 170-mg intravenous dose of [14C]prexasertib (50 µCi) to 6 patients with adv...
What CDA/CDS Scholars are Doing to Make a Difference in the World

This chapter describes how scholars use their knowledge of CDA/CDS to make a difference in the world. The work of twenty-one scholars (along with their autobiographies) ranging from well known figures in the field such as Ruth Wodak, Teun van Dijk, David Machin, Theo van Leeuwen, and Rebecca Rogers to lesser known (and often emerging scholars), is described in detail in the authors’ own words (or in words written by one of us and approved by them). These descriptions show how CDA/CDS reaches the world in myriad ways such as through political books aimed at wide audiences, being an expert witness in a Neo-Nazi case, being board members of anti-racist associations, co-founding a discussion and research group for social justice educators, using dance to teach intercultural communication and counter anti-immigration rhetoric, song writing, organizing events to commemorate Holocaust Memorial Day, being involved in social media movements, and most importantly (and most mentioned) incorporating critical approaches into teaching. The chapter concludes by encouraging continued connections of CDA/CDS work that reaches the world around us.
The Identification of Transiting Exoplanet Candidates based on Convolutional Neural Network

The Kepler Space Telescope aimed to search for potential candidates of earth-like terrestrial planets in habitable zone of sunlike stars. Compare to traditional human-vetting process, automated vetting procedure by machine learning is more efficient, accurate, and uniform. More than 5000 different pre-examined samples were used in training and were tested by our model, with few of them were labeled as Planet Candidates. We used the method of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify planet candidates from collection of target objects. Four convolutional layers with overall 120 shared convolution kernels were used in our model, and ROC curve, loss function and F1 score were adopted to evaluate the performance. The result indicates that relatively high performance model can be achieved by using this method. Compare to other method, CNN is more convenient, viable on common laptop, and can serve as good identifier.
Correction: MOF-derived PtCo/Co3O4 nanocomposites in carbonaceous matrices as high-performance ORR electrocatalysts synthesized via laser ablation techniques

Rapidly expanding global energy demands due to fast-paced human-technology interfaces have propelled fuel cell technology as a sustainable energy-conversion alternative. Nonetheless, the rational development of such technology demands the engineering of low-cost durable materials that can exhibit and retain specific electrocatalytic activities to sustain the electrochemical energy conversions. Herein, we present our recently patented tandem laser ablation synthesis in solution-galvanic replacement reaction (LASiS-GRR) as a facile technique for the synthesis of Pt–Co bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in the simultaneously formed metal organic frameworks (MOF) phases of ZIF-67 out of the laser ablation process. Upon pyrolytic post-treatments, these structures are found to be partially altered, giving rise to the formation of graphitic shell coated Pt–Co bimetallic nanocomposites (NCs) that are spatially framed onto Co3O4-decorated carbonaceous matrices. We investigate the effect of the Pt precursor (K2PtCl4) concentrations during the LASiS-GRR technique in facilitating a higher degree of Pt–Co alloying in the phases as the K2PtCl4 initial concentrations are increased from 65 to 125 mg L−1. Our results from subsequent electrochemical characterizations reveal the ability of the as-manufactured NCs in the carbonaceous matrix to exhibit superior electrocatalytic activities towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) while maintaining their long-term stabilities in a highly concentrated alkaline media (KOH 1 M). Specifically, the NCs synthesized from a 125 mg L−1 K2PtCl4 solution demonstrated an extraordinary 5-fold enhancement in their specific mass activities as compared to state-of-the-art commercial Pt catalysts. These outstanding performances are attributed to the unique configurations arising from cooperative catalytic activities (spill-over effects) between the graphitic shell coated bimetallic Pt–Co nanoparticles and the electrochemically active Co3O4-decorated carbon matrix support.
Laboratory Reporting Parameters of Microhematuria: Implications for Interpreting the 2020 AUA Guideline.

Abstract Objective To explore how laboratories in the United States (U.S.) report red blood cell per high powered field (RBC/HPF) counts on urinalysis and to evaluate whether this methodology permits effective risk stratification in accordance with the 2020 AUA/SUFU microhematuria guidelines. Materials and Methods Reporting methods for RBC/HPF counts (ranges, or actual counts) were collected by querying urologists in U.S. academic medical institutions or commercial laboratories. We explore whether (1) the reporting schemes were concordant with the risk strata in the new microhematuria guideline (3-10 [low risk], 11-25 [intermediate risk], and more than 25 [high risk]), and (2) evaluate the potential for risk group misclassification based on reporting methodology. Results Data were available for 141 laboratories. Seventy-two (51%) use RBC/HPF ranges, while the remainder use actual counts (or counts to a threshold). Sixty (42%) report range cutoffs which are not concordant with the microhematuria guidelines risk groups. Furthermore, fifty-six (40%) do not include the cutoff of 25 RBC/HPF which could potentially misclassify intermediate and high risk groups. Finally, sixteen (11%) do not include the cut-off of 3 RBC/HPF that defines the presence of microhematuria. Conclusion A significant number of laboratories report RBC/HPF counts in ranges that differ from thresholds in the 2020 AUA/SUFU guideline. The implication is potential misclassification of microhematuria both at minimum threshold diagnosis (3 RBC/HPF), and additionally between intermediate and high risk groups. Standardization of reporting schemes to actual RBC/HPF counts may allow improved adherence to guidelines while providing data for future guideline development.
A High-Power-Density High-Efficiency Single-Phase Universal-Input to 28V Isolated AC-DC Converter Designed to Meet MIL-STD EMI Specifications

This paper presents a high-power-density high-efficiency single-phase universal-input to 28V isolated ac-dc converter. The proposed two-stage converter utilizes a totem-pole bridgeless boost converter followed by an isolated LLC resonant converter. A new comprehensive design methodology is presented, which compares various designs and operating modes for the power stage and selects the optimal design based on overall power density and efficiency. For the selected design, a control strategy is also presented which enables reduction in input current distortion and improves the input power factor. To validate the proposed design and control strategy, a 1-kW universal-input to 28V ac-dc converter is built and tested. The prototype converter achieves a high power density of 84 W/in3 and a peak efficiency of 93.3%.