cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Continuing Medical Education

With the rapid advancement of medical knowledge, it is sometimes difficult for professionals, especially in private practice, to provide medical care in line with the current standard of care. Continuing Medical Education (CME) plays a role in helping anesthesiologists remain up-to-date with emerging science and technology. There are many available CME programs that are presented in a variety of formats, each having their own strengths. Although CME also plays an important role in the recertification process, i.e., Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology (MOCA), there is no evidence that it actually helps to improve patient care or outcomes.
Periodic arrays of pinning centers in thin vanadium films

Commensurability effects between the superconducting flux line lattice and a square lattice of submicron holes in 1500 angstrom vanadium films were studied by atomic force microscopy, DC magnetization, AC susceptibility, magnetoresistivity and I-V measurements. Peaks in the magnetization and critical current at matching fields are found to depend nonlinearly upon the value of external AC field or current, as well as the IR symmetry of the flux line lattice.
Trends in Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight Among Children Enrolled in the New York State WIC Program, 2002-2007

Objectives.We examined recent overweight and obesity trends in a multiethnic population of low-income preschool children.Methods.We defined overweight as sex-specific body mass index (BMI)-for-age ...
Metabolic Syndrome: A Family Affair

A cluster of heritable traits known as the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance) is a major predisposing factor for coronary artery disease, a leading cause of death worldwide. Yet, human genetic abnormalities that cause the multiple features of metabolic syndrome have not been identified. Discovering genetic causes of metabolic syndrome, particularly variants that produce large phenotypic effects, could point to previously unknown disease mechanisms and inform new therapies for cardiovascular disease. Keramati et al. identified three families from southwestern Iran with an unusual constellation of phenotypes resembling an extreme form of early-onset metabolic syndrome with an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing of family members identified a founder mutation in the DYRK1B gene in which cysteine was substituted for arginine at position 102 (R102C) in a highly conserved kinase-like domain. The R102C mutation precisely cosegregated with the clinical syndrome in all affected family members and was absent in unaffected family members and unrelated control subjects. DYRK1B is a ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that is known to be induced during adipogenesis and repress Sonic hedgehog (SHH)–Wnt signaling. Because the SHH-Wnt pathway functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis, the authors hypothesized that DYRK1B was proadipogenic. When compared with the nonmutant form of DYRK1B, Keramati and colleagues demonstrated that the R102C mutant caused increased adipogenic differentiation and expression of a key gluconeogenic enzyme in vitro, suggesting a gain-of-function effect for this mutant protein. Interestingly, screening a population of unrelated white patients with metabolic syndrome identified a family with a second previously undiscovered mutation in DYRK1B (H90P) that also cosegregated with disease phenotype, displayed autosomal dominant inheritance, and encoded a mutant protein with gain-of-function features. Whether these DYRK1B mutations cause human metabolic syndrome by promoting adipogenesis (fat formation) or gluconeogenesis (glucose production) remains unknown. This study demonstrates that identification of rare genetic variants with moderate-to-large phenotypic effects can provide a better understanding of metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and its link to cardiovascular risk. Now, researchers can continue to unravel how aberrant DYRK1B function leads to metabolic syndrome, knowledge that might create novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for cardiometabolic disease. A. R. Keramati et al ., A form of the metabolic syndrome associated with mutations in DYRK1B . N. Engl. J. Med. 370 , 1909–1919 (2014). [[PubMed]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827035
Interactive Effects of Backup Behavior and Spatial Abilities in the Prediction of Teammate Workload Using Multiple Unmanned Vehicles

This study examined the interactive effects of spatial ability and team process on operator workload, while using multiple unmanned vehicles. The hypotheses also focused on how these effects might change when using different measures of spatial ability. In order to examine this, the Guilford-Zimmerman Spatial Visualization and Spatial Orientation scores of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator and navigation support provided by this UAV operator to an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operator were used as variables predicting UGV operator workload while performing a reconnaissance task. Results indicated that the interaction of the “guider's” spatial visualization and navigation support and the interaction between spatial orientation and navigation support not only accounted for unique variances in the prediction of his/her teammate's workload, but they also produced qualitatively different patterns of results. In identifying these unique contributions, the importance of using multiple spatial ability me...
Tocotrienol Attenuates Insulin Resistance through Inhibition of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation in Diabetic Leptin Receptor Knockout Mice

We have demonstrated that tocotrienol (T3) supplementation reduces adipose inflammation, M1 macrophage infiltration, and insulin resistance. However, mechanisms remain unrevealed. Emerging evidence...
Distributed Compensation Performance While the Single Phase to Earth Fault Occurring in the Distribution Network

Increasing application of cable leads to sharp increase in capacitance current,and original capacity of arc extinction coil no longer meets the demands.The compensation performance is outstanding because of low cost and flexible installation.We researched the flexibility of distributed arc suppression coil by the location and capacity,and analyzed the cooperation with arc extinction coil of principal station.Moreover,we established and experimentally verified a simulation model.The results indicate that,fault residual current is the minimum if installed at the end of longer cable and the current match with the line.
Myasthenia gravis associated with diphenylhydantoin therapy for epilepsy

A young woman with epilepsy developed myasthenic symptoms while taking diphenylhydantoin. The clinical, electromyographic and pharmacologic findings were consistent with myasthenia gravis. Symptoms of myasthenia ceased on withdrawal of the drug, and recurred on readministration, with little apparent relationship to serum phenytoin levels. This unusual effect is discussed with reference to the known effects of diphenylhydantoin at the neuromyal junction.
Medieval Russia, 980–1584: The Daniilovich ascension

During the century following the Mongol invasion of the Rusˈ lands, the Mongol khans and Riurikid princes stabilized their relations. The Riurikid princes acknowledged Golden Horde suzerainty. They paid tribute to the khans, supplemented those payments with gifts to Horde notables, and participated in Mongol military campaigns. The khans issued patents confirming each prince's right to rule. When the occasion demanded, they intervened diplomatically or militarily in interprincely disputes. Despite the devastation caused by their invasion and subsequent military expeditions and despite the loss of capital occasioned by tribute payments, those Mongol demands for tribute coupled with the Rusˈ involvement through the Horde in the vast Mongol commercial network provided an economic stimulus for the Rusˈ. The Rusˈ principalities gradually recovered. Mongol participation in both the political and economic activity of the Rusˈ lands slowly altered Rusˈ political institutions and patterns. Initially the Mongol khans issued patents to princes who, according to dynastic traditions, were also the legitimate heirs to their thrones, including, most significantly, the throne of the grand prince of Vladimir. Ruling princes cooperated with the Mongol officials, the baskaki , who oversaw censuses and conscription and tribute collection. As the Mongols shifted responsibility for those functions from their own baskaki to the Riurikid princes, they favored those princes who demonstrated the best ability to raise and deliver revenue to the Horde and maintain peace and stability in the Rusˈ lands.
Debating the thirty years’ crisis: Anievas’ capital, the state, and war: class conflict and geopolitics in the thirty years’ crisis, 1914–1945

This introduction briefly reviews Anievas’ Capital, the State, and War: Class Conflict and Geopolitics in the Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 and sets up the debate in this issue.
Building Thermodynamics for Non-uniformly Hyperbolic Maps

We briefly survey the theory of thermodynamic formalism for uniformly hyperbolic systems, and then describe several recent approaches to the problem of extending this theory to non-uniform hyperbolicity. The first of these approaches involves Markov models such as Young towers, countable-state Markov shifts, and inducing schemes. The other two are less fully developed but have seen significant progress in the last few years: these involve coarse-graining techniques (expansivity and specification) and geometric arguments involving push-forward of densities on admissible manifolds.
Epigenetic regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in acute lung injury: Role of S1P lyase

Cellular level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the simplest bioactive sphingolipid, is tightly regulated by its synthesis catalyzed by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) 1 & 2 and degradation mediated by S1P phosphatases, lipid phosphate phosphatases, and S1P lyase. The pleotropic actions of S1P are attributed to its unique inside-out (extracellular) signaling via G-protein-coupled S1P1-5 receptors, and intracellular receptor independent signaling. Additionally, S1P generated in the nucleus by nuclear SphK2 modulates HDAC1/2 activity, regulates histone acetylation, and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Here, we present data on the role of S1P lyase mediated S1P signaling in regulating LPS-induced inflammation in lung endothelium. Blocking S1P lyase expression or activity attenuated LPS-induced histone acetylation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Degradation of S1P by S1P lyase generates Δ2-hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate and the long-chain fatty aldehyde produced in the cytoplasmic compartment of the endothelial cell seems to modulate histone acetylation pattern, which is different from the nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling and inhibition of HDAC1/2. These in vitro studies suggest that S1P derived long-chain fatty aldehyde may be an epigenetic regulator of pro-inflammatory genes in sepsis-induced lung inflammation. Trapping fatty aldehydes and other short chain aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal derived from S1P degradation and lipid peroxidation, respectively by cell permeable agents such as phloretin or other aldehyde trapping agents may be useful in treating sepsis-induced lung inflammation via modulation of histone acetylation. .
THE EVOLUTION OF MATERNAL CHARACTERS: ERRATA

Several errors appeared in our recent paper on maternal characters (Kirkpatrick and Lande, 1991) that we identify and correct here. Our paper discussed both maternal inheritance and maternal selection. Maternal inheritance arises when mothers affect the phenotypes of their offspring through various non-Mendelian mechanisms. In mammals, for example, offspring body size is often influenced by the mother's lactation rate. Maternal selection, on the other hand, can occur whether or not there is maternal inheritance. It arises when offspring fitness is directly affected by its mother's phenotype (holding the effect of the offspring's own phenotype on its fitness constant). A chick's survival, for example, depends on the rate at which its mother feeds it. The most serious error in our paper concerns maternal selection, and does not affect any of our results on maternal inheritance. Equations (12) and (1 5), giving the evolutionary response to maternal selection, are incorrect. The change in the mean phenotypes among zygotes when the traits are under Mendelian inheritance should read
Recognizing Mentions of Adverse Drug Reaction in Social Media Using Knowledge-Infused Recurrent Models

Recognizing mentions of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) in social media is challenging: ADR mentions are context-dependent and include long, varied and unconventional descriptions as compared to more formal medical symptom terminology. We use the CADEC corpus to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) transducer, integrated with knowledge graph embeddings of DBpedia, and show the resulting model to be highly accurate (93.4 F1). Furthermore, even when lacking high quality expert annotations, we show that by employing an active learning technique and using purpose built annotation tools, we can train the RNN to perform well (83.9 F1).
Colonial Enlightenment and the French Revolution: Julien Raymond and Milscent Créole

While most colonial plantation owners defended slavery and racial hierarchy during the French Revolution, Julien Raymond, a free man of color from the French colony of Saint-Domingue, and Claude Milscent, a white plantation owner, became important critics of these two institutions. In their writings from 1789 to 1794, they combined Enlightenment ideas and a first-hand knowledge of colonial conditions to generate original programs for the elimination of racial distinctions. In response to the black slave uprising of 1791 in Saint-Domingue, both men were also forced to contemplate the abolition of slavery, despite their own earlier investment in it.
The Effect of Metformin and Taurine, Alone and in Combination, on the Oxidative Stress Caused by Diabetes in the Rat Brain.

This study has compared the effects of metformin (MET) and taurine (TAU), singly and in combination, on the oxidative stress caused by diabetes in the rat brain. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200–225 g in weight, assigned to groups of 6, were intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with the diabetogen streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, in citrate buffer pH 4.5) on day 1 and, after 14 days, orally (p.o.) with either MET, TAU or MET-TAU (each at 2.4 mM/kg, in water). Control rats received only citrate buffer pH 4.5 (2 mL) or only STZ on day 1 by the i.p. route. All the animals were sacrificed by decapitation on day 57 and their brains collected by the freeze clamp technique. Blood samples were placed in heparinized tubes and used for the assay of the plasma glucose (GLC) and blood insulin (INS) levels. Immediately thereafter, the brains were surgically removed and a portion was used to prepare a homogenate in 0.1 M PBS pH 7.4, which was used for the assay of indices of oxidative stress. Diabetes raised the plasma GLC level (+313%) but lowered that of the blood INS (−76%) compared to corresponding values from nondiabetic rats. In addition it raised the brain malondialdehyde level (+59%) but lowered the reduced/disulfide glutathione ratio (−46%), and activities of catalase (−43%), glutathione peroxidase (−48%), superoxide dismutase (−65%), glutathione reductase (−50%) and glutathione S-transferase (−51%) significantly (all at p < 0.001). Except for the greater decrease in GLC (+90% vs. +22%) and increase in INS (−26% vs. −52%) levels seen in rats receiving MET than in rats receiving TAU, these compounds protected the brain against oxidative stress to significant (p ≤ 0.05%) and rather similar extents. Furthermore, the concurrent administration of MET and TAU to the diabetic rats led to brain values of indices of oxidative stress that were lower than those attained with MET alone, although generally not to a statistically significant degree.
Fetal and Postnatal Growth and Development

The influence of maternal exercise in utero suggests there are no adverse effects on fetal development, possibly even benefits. Based on the idea of prenatal programming, what effect does exposure to maternal exercise have after birth and into childhood and adulthood. Without controlling for many factors, it is difficult to determine the effect of exercise on birth weight. At various stages of childhood and into adulthood, there are no indications of obesity in offspring exposed to exercise in utero. Birth length and height into adulthood is not adversely affected regardless of whether women exercise while pregnant or not. Little has been done in relationship to organ development. Data on rodents show no adverse effects on gross development of organs in response to maternal exercise. In humans, maternal exercise is not associated with congenital abnormalities in offspring and may even help prevent them. Generally, maternal physical activity throughout gestation does not negatively impact growth and development in utero or after birth.
Iron Cluster Sites of Cardiac Ip-Subunit of Succinate Dehydrogenase

Comparison of the amino acid sequence worked out for the Ip subunit of succinate dehydrogenase from cardiac mitochondria with that of microbial enzyme and funarate dehydrogenase as well as ferredoxins suggests that all iron sulfur clusters in heart SDH may originally exist in the Ip.
Environmental and biological controls on methyl halide emissions from southern California coastal salt marshes

Methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride(CH3Cl) emission rates from southernCalifornia coastal salt marshes show largespatial and temporal variabilities that arestrongly linked to biological and environmentalfactors. Here we discuss biogeochemical linesof evidence pointing to vegetation as theprimary source of CH3Br and CH3Clemissions from salt marshes. Sediments andmacroalgae do not appear to be major producersof these compounds, based on observations thatthe highest fluxes are not inhibited by soilinundation; their emissions are not correlatedwith those of certain gases produced in soils;and emissions from mudflat- andmacroalgae-dominated sites are relativelysmall. In contrast, the seasonal and spatialvariabilities of methyl halide fluxes in thesesalt marshes are consistent with the productionof these compounds by vascular plants, althoughthe possibility of production by microflora orfungi associated with the salt marsh vegetationis not ruled out. Flux chamber measurements ofemission rates are largely correlated to theoverall plant biomass enclosed in the chamber,but appear also to be highly dependent on thepredominant plant species. Emission ratesfollow a diurnal trend similar to the trends ofambient air temperature and photosyntheticallyactive radiation, but not surface soiltemperature. Diurnal variabilities in thecarbon isotope compositions of CH3Cl andCH3Br and their relative ratios ofemissions are consistent with simultaneouslycompeting mechanisms of uptake andproduction.
Stability of Transactive Energy Market-Based Power Distribution System Under Data Integrity Attack

Future smart power distribution system with multiple active consumers and aggregators exchanging real-time electricity pricing and electricity consumption information over a communication network is prone to cyberattack. The goal of this paper is to understand the impact of attacks on pricing/load signals on the physical grid within a transactive energy market framework. First, this paper models the interaction between real-time electricity price and total energy demand in the form of a discrete time nonlinear autonomous dynamical system. Second, equilibrium electricity price and energy demand associated with this coupled dynamical system is derived and conditions for bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability are identified. Third, a BIBO stable algorithm to design real-time electricity pricing scheme from a techno-economic perspective is developed. Finally, the impact of various levels of false data injection (FDI) attack on price of electricity, demand, and distribution system voltage is investigated. The proposed model is analyzed using simulations on the IEEE 69-bus test system and the impact of FDI attack on both electricity price/demand and distribution grid voltage is quantified. This paper shows that impact of FDI attack on electricity prices is more severe than an attack on electricity demand.
Objective napping, cognitive decline, and risk of cognitive impairment in older men

Abstract Introduction Little is known about the longitudinal association between napping and cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods We used wrist actigraphy to measure naps in 2751 community-dwelling older men. Cognition was assessed repeatedly over 12 years, and clinically significant cognitive impairment was determined by physician diagnosis, Alzheimer's medication use or a significant cognitive decline. Results After adjustment for all covariates, men with longer napping duration had greater cognitive decline and higher risk of cognitive impairment. Men who napped for ≥120 min/day (vs. Discussion Napping might be useful as an early marker of cognitive impairment in the elderly, and its cognitive effects may differ by nighttime sleep.
Still facial photographs of long-term meditators are perceived by naïve observers as less neurotic, more conscientious and more mindful than non-meditating controls.

The impact of meditation training on self-report psychological variables is well-established. Although meditation training is purported to have interpersonal impacts, whether naive observers perceive differences associated with long- and short-term meditation training is largely unknown. The current study provided a stringent test of this possibility through observer ratings of a very thin slice of expressive behavior: still photographs. Photographs were drawn from a larger study investigating differences between long-term meditators (LTM) and meditation naive participants (MNP) who were exposed to one of three experimental conditions. Photographs of ninety-nine targets (16 LTMs, 83 MNPs) were taken at baseline, prior to the randomization of MNPs to an eight-week mindfulness meditation course (mindfulness-based stress reduction; n = 27), an active control comparison condition (health enhancement program; n = 29), or a waitlist control group (n = 27) and again after the training period. Pre- and post-intervention photographs were then rated by 25 meditation teachers and 86 undergraduate raters on five domains theoretically linked to meditation training. Results indicated that relative to MNPs, LTMs were rated as less neurotic and more conscientious, mindful, and "comfortable in their own skin" at baseline (ds = 0.61 to 0.70, ps < .050), although not more agreeable or attractive. Results were largely unchanged when controlling for five observable confounds (age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, attractiveness). No evidence was found supporting experimental effects of short-term meditation training on observer ratings. Thus, it seems that if meditation is associated with observable differences in facial behavior, effects may be limited to long-term training.
Page migration support for disaggregated non-volatile memories

As demands for memory-intensive applications continue to grow, the memory capacity of each computing node is expected to grow at a similar pace. In high-performance computing (HPC) systems, the memory capacity per compute node is decided upon the most demanding application that would likely run on such system, and hence the average capacity per node in future HPC systems is expected to grow significantly. However, since HPC systems run many applications with different capacity demands, a large percentage of the overall memory capacity will likely be underutilized; memory modules can be thought of as private memory for its corresponding computing node. Thus, as HPC systems are moving towards the exascale era, a better utilization of memory is strongly desired. Moreover, upgrading memory system requires significant efforts. Fortunately, disaggregated memory systems promise better utilization by defining regions of global memory, typically referred to as memory blades, which can be accessed by all computing nodes in the system, thus achieving much better utilization.Disaggregated memory systems are expected to be built using dense, power-efficient memory technologies. Thus, emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs) are placing themselves as the main building blocks for such systems. However, NVMs are slower than DRAM. Therefore, it is expected that each computing node would have a small local memory that is based on either HBM or DRAM, whereas a large shared NVM memory would be accessible by all nodes. Managing such system with global and local memory requires a novel hardware/software co-design to initiate page migration between global and local memory to maximize performance while enabling access to huge shared memory. In this paper we provide support to migrate pages, investigate such memory management aspects and the major system-level aspects that can affect design decisions in disaggregated NVM systems
Let's Talk about Sex: Using Evidence to Promote Safe Sex Practices for Patients Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients at Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) are taught sexual activity guidelines that were published in 2011. Current guidelines state that while patients are immunocompromised (generally 3 months for autologous transplants and 9-12 months for allogeneic transplants), no kissing, vaginal, or anal intercourse is permitted. Patients are only allowed to receive oral sex but not offer it to their partners. Anecdotally, nurses find the current recommendations outdated, confusing, and exclusive of all sexual practices, leading to discomfort providing this education. As a result, patients either receive no teaching at all or non-standardized teaching. Providing patients with up-to-date, evidence-based guidelines regarding safe sexual activities is necessary to prevent infection while optimizing quality of life. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis A review of the evidence was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, benchmarking clinical practice guidelines from other pediatric and adult institutions, and obtaining expert opinions. Findings & Interpretation There is insufficient evidence in the literature regarding infection risk related to sexual behavior for patients following HSCT. Until future research provides greater evidence on this subject, institutions will continue to rely on expert opinion to provide recommendations for safe sexual activity in the post-stem cell transplant population. Discussion & Implications For BCH's HSCT program, sexual activity guidelines have been revised to permit kissing, masturbation, oral sex, and intercourse with protection (excluding anal penetration) for all non-neutropenic patients with platelets counts > 20,000 cells/uL and no active cold sores. This education will be provided via a revised written education sheet translated into Spanish and Arabic for patients and families. The creation of revised teaching tools standardizes education and enhances nurses’ comfort discussing sensitive topics related to sexual activity. This work will benefit patients psychosocially as sexual health impacts quality of life.
Prevention of Stroke in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Recognizing that systemic inflammation is a major contributor to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) serves as the basis for prevention strategies for cerebrovascular disease in RA. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, recognize that RA may be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The risk of CVD should be assessed in each patient with RA, utilizing modified risk score calculators. Careful monitoring and control of systemic inflammation should be undertaken in conjunction with assessing each patient’s CVD risk, acknowledging the benefits and risks of specific RA-directed therapies. Emphasis should be given to early and aggressive control of inflammation in RA patients, particularly those with seropositivity, increased inflammatory markers, long disease duration (>10 years), and/or extra-articular manifestations. In RA patients requiring glucocorticoid therapy, attempts should be made to use or wean to the minimal effective dose (preferably less than 7.5 mg/day). It should be recognized that both disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), particularly methotrexate, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors partially mitigate the risk of CVD. In patients with inadequate control of inflammation with DMARDs, consideration should be given to switch to anti-TNF agents earlier in the disease process. Modifiable risk factors should be addressed as per guidelines for the general population. Active RA may be considered as a risk equivalent to diabetes mellitus when applying these guidelines. With regard to lipid management and use of statin therapy, further studies are required given the apparent “lipid paradox” in RA. Use of aspirin for primary prevention in RA has not been well studied; however, when aspirin is used for secondary prevention, one should recognize that concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may decrease the antiplatelet effect. Given the cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDs, the lowest possible dose for the shortest time should be used.
Characterizing Learners’ Growth of Geometric Understanding in Dynamic Geometry Environments: a Perspective of the Pirie–Kieren Theory

The emergence of interactive mathematics software in the early 1990shas invited mathematics education researchers to consider ways that dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) might influence K–16 learners’ growth of geometric understanding. This article examines the applicability of the Pirie–Kieren theory to trace this growth. Data for this article came from a series of task-based interviews that aimed at examining the relationship between The Geometer’s Sketchpad(GSP) usage and the development of geometric knowledge about compositions of geometric transformations. Data analysis showed that the Pirie–Kierentheory provides a useful tool to characterize, at the micro-level, a learner’s process of gaining a particular geometric understanding of a composition of geometric transformations in this DGE. By supporting the participants to transform geometric objects into their desired form, and to become acquainted with their properties or structures, tools in this DGE facilitated not only their transition between different levels of understanding, but also the to-and-fro movements within each specific level of understanding. The presence of a DGE challenges mathematics education researchers to reconsider the Primitive Knowing level of the Pirie–Kieren theory, and to attend to the difference between a visual image brought to mind by a GSP diagram and a mental image developed from manipulating the diagram.
Antitumor effect and mechanisims of tocotrienol

Tocotrienol has showed inhibition effect on a variety of cancer cells. It has different mecha-nisms in different types of cancer cells. Its anticancer effects may be mediated by anti-proliferation,anti-oxida-tion,pro-apoptotic and affecting apoptosis signal pathway. Further study on tocotrienol will provide scientific the-ory for new antitumor drugs and cancer primary prevention. Key words: Tocotrienols; Neoplasms
Appendiceal torsion in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A case report of a rare phenomenon in a rare disease.

Abstract Introduction Appendiceal torsion is a rare phenomenon with only a few reported cases and never in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). We present the first case of appendiceal torsion leading to acute appendicitis in a patient with EDS. Presentation of case A 36-year-old male with history of musculoskeletal EDS presented with one week of abdominal pain localizing to the right lower quadrant. He was evaluated in the emergency department with a complete set of labs and CT abdomen/pelvis. The CT scan showed acute appendicitis, but did not mention any appendiceal torsion. He was taken to the operating room for a standard laparoscopic appendectomy. Intraoperatively, there was inflammation at the tip of the appendix with a 270-degree torsion of the mid-appendix and mesoappendix. After untwisting, the appendix was safely removed from the base of the cecum. Patient recovered well postoperatively and no masses or tumors were identified on final pathology. Discussion Primary appendiceal torsion occurs without an identifiable cause and secondary torsion occurs due to pathology such as carcinoid tumor or other masses. Patients with EDS may be more prone to either torsion as they have hyperelastic skin, joints and ligaments. EDS patients require special workup prior to any operation including cardiopulmonary evaluation and may have unique postoperative complications. Conclusion The ligamentous hypermobility of EDS may have predisposed our patient to appendiceal torsion and acute appendicitis. This is a rare phenomenon and may be underdiagnosed in EDS patients. Practitioners should be aware of this manifestation of EDS.
Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Should Be the Goal for Most Individuals at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Irrespective of Albuminuria.

Optimal BP targets for individuals with hypertension and CKD continue to be debated. The evidence base is heavily influenced by three trials: the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study, the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), and, more recently, the Systolic
Commercially Manufactured Plain Papers in the United States, 1860–1900

This article examines the manufacture and use of commercial plain papers in the United States between 1860 and 1900. Although plain paper printing is thought to have fallen out of use in the United...
Assessing adherence to physical activity programs post-stroke at home: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Physical activity at home provides significant benefits post-stroke. Adherence assessments contribute to objective evaluation of treatment effectiveness across settings. The aims of this study were...
Thermal-Hydraulic and Engineering Evaluations of New LOCA Testing Methods in TREAT

Design evaluations and thermal-hydraulic predictions were undertaken to compare three candidate options for loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA)–testing capabilities at the Transient Reactor Test facili...
Resveratrol and Curcumin Attenuate Ex Vivo Sugar-Induced Cartilage Glycation, Stiffening, Senescence, and Degeneration:

ObjectiveAdvanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in aging and diabetic populations. Here, we develop a representative nonenzymatic glycat...
Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2-Dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium: Reversible Olefin Decomplexation and C–H Bond Activation

We describe the synthesis and characterization of four η1,η2-2,2-dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl complexes of stoichiometry M(CH2CMe2CH2CH═CH2)(diene), where M is Rh or Ir, and the diene is dibenzo[a,e]cycl...
Sensory readout accounts for adaptation

Abstract Sensory responses and behavior are strongly shaped by stimulus history. For instance, perceptual reports are sometimes biased towards previously viewed stimuli (serial dependence). Previous behavioral studies suggest that serial dependence is implemented via modulations in visual cortex, but neural evidence is lacking. We recorded fMRI responses while human participants performed a delayed orientation discrimination task. While behavioral reports were attracted to the previous stimulus, response patterns in sensory areas were repelled. We reconciled these opposing biases using a model where both sensory encoding and readout are shaped by stimulus history. Neural adaptation reduces redundancy at encoding and leads to the repulsive biases that we observed in visual cortex. Serial dependence is not implemented in visual cortex but rather by readout mechanisms that account for adaptation during encoding. The model suggests the visual system improves efficiency via adaptation while still optimizing behavioral readout based on the temporal structure of natural stimuli.
The Thinking Cap: Fostering Growth Mindset Of Children By Means Of Electroencephalography And Perceived Magic of Harry Potter Universe

In this work we introduce the Thinking Cap, a wearable system designed to resemble the Sorting Hat from Harry Potter, fitted with a commercially available Electroencephalography (EEG) headset and a Bluetooth speaker. The Thinking Cap can inform the user about their brain activity in real-time via a speaker. We designed and conducted a study with 48 elementary and middle schoolers to investigate the influence of a BCI device and perceived magic on the development of growth mindset in children. Our results suggest that interacting with the Thinking Cap has a positive impact on children's mindset, which was expressed through their communicated beliefs and task-based behaviors.
Examining the Dimensionality of Anxiety and Depression: a Latent Profile Approach to Modeling Transdiagnostic Features

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent psychological disorders; our understanding of these conditions remains limited. Efforts to explain anxiety and depression have been constrained in part by binary classification systems. Dimensional approaches to understanding psychopathology may be more effective. The present study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to assess whether unique subgroups exist within a tri-level model of anxiety and depression. Participants (N = 627) completed self-report questionnaires from which tri-level model factors were derived. LPA was conducted on those factors. A 4-profile model offered optimal fit to the data at baseline. This model was replicated at a second time point. Models derived included profiles labelled ‘Mixed Fears,’ ‘Anxious Arousal,’ ‘Low Mood/Anhedonia,’ and ‘Sub-Clinical.’ Profiles were validated at Time 1 using diagnostic status and clinical severity ratings associated with mood and anxiety presentations. Profiles demonstrated flexibility in accommodating breadth in clinical presentations and common comorbidities. Latent variable models may offer more ecologically valid approaches to understanding psychopathology.
Building a One-Dimensional Teacher: Technocratic Transformations in Teacher Education Policy Discourses

In the context of neoliberal reforms, teacher education policy discourses have shifted away from social justice imperatives toward technocratic approaches. I examine these shifts by applying the to...
Interferon-γ Impairs Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Glucose Metabolism by Tryptophan Catabolism and Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation.

Background: Endothelial cells depend on glycolysis for much of their energy production. Impaired endothelial glycolysis has been associated with various vascular pathobiologies, including impaired ...
Constrained Instance and Class Reweighting for Robust Learning under Label Noise.

Deep neural networks have shown impressive performance in supervised learning, enabled by their ability to fit well to the provided training data. However, their performance is largely dependent on the quality of the training data and often degrades in the presence of noise. We propose a principled approach for tackling label noise with the aim of assigning importance weights to individual instances and class labels. Our method works by formulating a class of constrained optimization problems that yield simple closed form updates for these importance weights. The proposed optimization problems are solved per mini-batch which obviates the need of storing and updating the weights over the full dataset. Our optimization framework also provides a theoretical perspective on existing label smoothing heuristics for addressing label noise (such as label bootstrapping). We evaluate our method on several benchmark datasets and observe considerable performance gains in the presence of label noise.
Flight test and simulation results for an autonomous aerobatic helicopter

The X-Cell.60 is a model helicopter with a 5 ft rotor diameter, designed for competition aerobatics. In this paper we present the flight test and simulation results for the helicopter performing aerobatic maneuvering under exclusive computer control. We have previously demonstrated in flight an autonomous axial roll maneuver. Our next goal is to demonstrate operationally useful, and more challenging maneuvers, namely split-S and Immelman. Both maneuvers provide a rapid way to change direction of flight by trading kinetic and potential energy.
Wireless Mesh Network Routing Under Uncertain Demands

Traffic routing plays a critical role in determining the performance of a wireless mesh network. Recent research results usually fall into two ends of the spectrum. On one end are the heuristic routing algorithms, which are highly adaptive to the dynamic environments of wireless networks yet lack the analytical properties of how well the network performs globally. On the other end are the optimal routing algorithms that are derived from the optimization problem formulation of mesh network routing. They can usually claim analytical properties such as resource use optimality and throughput fairness. However, traffic demand is usually implicitly assumed as static and known a priori in these problem formulations. In contrast, recent studies of wireless network traces show that the traffic demand, even being aggregated at access points, is highly dynamic and hard to estimate. Thus, to apply the optimization-based routing solution in practice, one must take into account the dynamic and uncertain nature of wireless traffic demand. There are two basic approaches to address the traffic uncertainty in optimal mesh network routing (1) predictive routing that infers the traffic demand with maximum possibility based in its history and optimizes the routing strategy based on the predicted traffic demand and (2) oblivious routing that considers all the possible traffic demands and selects the routing strategy where the worst-case network performance could be optimized. This chapter provides an overview of the optimal routing strategies for wireless mesh networks with a focus on the above two strategies that explicitly consider the traffic uncertainty. It also identifies the key factors that affect the performance of each routing strategy and provides guidelines towards the strategy selection in mesh network routing under uncertain traffic demands.
Object Lesson: Using Family Heirlooms to Engage Students in Art History

(2012). “Object Lesson”: Using Family Heirlooms to Engage Students in art History. Art Education: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 47-52.
Bayesian inference for spectral estimation of gravitational wave detector noise

Gravitational wave data from ground-based detectors is dominated by instrument noise. Signals will be comparatively weak, and our understanding of the noise will influence detection confidence and signal characterization. Mismodeled noise can produce large systematic biases in both model selection and parameter estimation. Here we introduce a multicomponent, variable dimension, parametrized model to describe the Gaussian-noise power spectrum for data from ground-based gravitational wave interferometers. Called BayesLine, the algorithm models the noise power spectral density using cubic splines for smoothly varying broadband noise and Lorentzians for narrow-band line features in the spectrum. We describe the algorithm and demonstrate its performance on data from the fifth and sixth LIGO science runs. Once fully integrated into LIGO/Virgo data analysis software, BayesLine will produce accurate spectral estimation and provide a means for marginalizing inferences drawn from the data over all plausible noise spectra.
The Social Bases of Support for Self-determination in East Ukraine

AbstractThis study considers how a community that supports self-rule takes shape in movements for self-determination. Examining separatism in east Ukraine, the author suggests that the formation of community boundaries is not automatic. Boundaries are not activated by pre-existing ethnic or linguistic identities, or even by the appeals of political leaders who manipulate those identities. Instead, analysts should focus attention on how specific political developments contribute to alienation from the central state. Two factors contributed to political alienation in Ukraine: first, the material interest of industrial workers in preserving economic ties to Russia, and second, how nostalgia for the Soviet Union was strengthened by developments following the Orange Revolution and after the Maidan that emphasized an ethnically exclusivist Ukrainian national identity and gave voice to the ultranationalist far right in national politics.
Algorithms for visibility representations of planar graphs

We investigate visibility representations of planar graphs, which are constructed by mapping vertices to horizontal segments, and edges to vertical segments that intersect only adjacent vertex-segments. We consider three types of visibility representations, and present linear time algorithms for testing the existence of and constructing visibility representations. Applications of our results can be found in VLSI layout compaction, and in efficient embedding of graphs in the rectilinear grid.
Population Isolation and Genetic Subdivision of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Abstract: Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus, are an endangered species in New Jersey, where high human population density places extraordinary pressures on natural populations. Disjunct populations are found in both the northern part of the state and a few scattered locations in the southern Pine Barrens. The Pine Barrens populations were previously shown to have reduced levels of genetic diversity compared to other populations in the Mid-Atlantic region. In this study, we used microsatellite DNA to examine the remaining six known C. horridus populations in the Pine Barrens and two in the northern part of the state. Bayesian analysis, genetic distance analysis, and factorial component analysis were performed, and the results indicated that the sampled populations represented four genetic subgroups, the two northern populations comprised one subgroup and the remaining six Pine Barrens populations comprised the other subgroups. Although there was evidence for isolation by distance among the Pine Barre...
Photonic bandgap (PBG) structures of multiple metallic periodic screens: efficient electromagnetic characterization

Periodic screens are well known for their filtering capabilities in frequency selective surface applications. Interest has been growing in the use of periodic structures for photonic bandgap (PBG) applications. PBG structures are now finding use in many areas, such as integrated antenna circuits. We explore the electromagnetic characteristics of multiple periodic screens as they relate to PBGs.