cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Stoichiometric Defects on the Creep of Oxides with the Fluorite Structure

Studies have been conducted at this laboratory and elsewhere to establish the effects of varying the oxygen/metal ratio on the steady-state creep behavior of oxides that crystallize in the fluorite-cubic structure, including UO2, PuO2, CeO2, and mixed oxides of these compounds. Creep activation energies have been found to vary with stoichiometry, the maximum values being measured at or near the stoichiometric composition. The observed changes in activation energy with O/M level occur both in the power-law stress regime and when a diffusional creep mechanism is operative. The absolute values for the creep activation energies differ for these two cases however. The manner in which creep rates vary with O/M ratio suggests that the creep process is controlled by diffusion of cations via cation vacancies for hyperstoichiometric compositions and by diffusion of cation interstitials for hypostoichiometric specimens.
Mindfulness and Self-Regulation: A Medical Approach to the Mind and Mental Health

This chapter offers an exploration of the intersections between mindful awareness and self-regulation. In medical practice, clinicians focus on both the physiological and the mental states of their patients. Here we offer an overview of mindfulness from the view of interpersonal neurobiology. In this view, the mind is seen as an embodied and relational self-organizing process that regulates the flow of energy and information. The self, and self-regulation, are then seen as both derived from internal physiological processes as well as from interpersonal social processes. We examine the neurobiology and relational aspects of mindfulness, empathy, and compassion to explore this embodied and relational function of the mind. We then take a look at the absence of such processes in individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder to highlight these fundamental ways in which brain, mind, and relationships are inextricably intertwined—as three aspects of the one reality of energy and information flow within and between people. Ultimately, mindful awareness can be seen as a way of focusing attention that cultivates integration both within the individual and between the individual and others through various levels of self-regulation. These internal and interpersonal states of integration promote health, as studies of mindful awareness training in physicians and others have demonstrated. Mindfulness can be seen as a part of the basic education for all clinicians as it is a teachable skill that promotes self-regulation which is at the heart of health.
Semi-automatically mapping structured sources into the semantic web

Linked data continues to grow at a rapid rate, but a limitation of a lot of the data that is being published is the lack of a semantic description. There are tools, such as D2R, that allow a user to quickly convert a database into RDF, but these tools do not provide a way to easily map the data into an existing ontology. This paper presents a semi-automatic approach to map structured sources to ontologies in order to build semantic descriptions (source models). Since the precise mapping is sometimes ambiguous, we also provide a graphical user interface that allows a user to interactively refine the models. The resulting source models can then be used to convert data into RDF with respect to a given ontology or to define a SPARQL end point that can be queried with respect to an ontology. We evaluated the overall approach on a variety of sources and show that it can be used to quickly build source models with minimal user interaction.
Gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and central nervous system mechanisms of weight control.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the multiple roles of gastrointestinal peptides in the control of food intake and body weight with specific emphasis on ghrelin, amylin and glucagon-like peptide 1. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies support a role for ghrelin, amylin and glucagon-like peptide 1 in short-term and long-term effects on food intake and body weight. Apart from contributing to energy homeostasis, ghrelin's participation in reward and sensory processing has been the focus of much recent work. New findings on amylin's effects on food intake and energy balance provide further support for its role in meal-related food intake and suggest that it may also function as an adiposity signal. New investigations on the role of central and peripheral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors in mediating the anorexic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 have suggested that they differentially contribute to short-term and long term effects on food intake. SUMMARY Gastrointestinal peptides can influence food intake through mechanisms that involve short-term meal-related effects or through activation of central pathways involved in energy balance. An appreciation of the multiple actions of gastrointestinal peptides on food intake will aid in developing new strategies for weight management.
Intracranial meningioma metastatic to the lung.

Although meningiomas only rarely metastasize, extracranial metastasis does occur and the lung is the most common site. To clarify the clinical spectrum of metastatic meningioma and to highlight its importance for the pulmonary physician, the authors describe one case and review 112 others. Metastatic meningioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the solitary pulmonary nodule, especially in patients with an associated intracranial mass.
B22- and B23-: all-boron analogues of anthracene and phenanthrene.

Clusters of boron atoms exhibit intriguing size-dependent structures and chemical bonding that are different from bulk boron and may lead to new boron-based nanostructures. We report a combined photoelectron spectroscopic and ab initio study of the 22- and 23-atom boron clusters. The joint experimental and theoretical investigation shows that B22– and B23– possess quasi-planar and planar structures, respectively. The quasi-planar B22– consists of fourteen peripheral atoms and eight interior atoms in a slightly buckled triangular lattice. Chemical bonding analyses of the closed-shell B222– species reveal seven delocalized π orbitals, which are similar to those in anthracene. B23– is a perfectly planar and heart-shaped cluster with a pentagonal cavity and a π-bonding pattern similar to that in phenanthrene. Thus, B22– and B23–, the largest negatively charged boron clusters that have been characterized experimentally to date, can be viewed as all-boron analogues of anthracene and phenanthrene, respectively. ...
A 1-D coordination polymer route to catalytically active Co@C nanoparticles

Pyrolysis of a 1-D polymeric cobalt(II) coordination complex ([Co(BDC)(Mim)2]n, H2BDC = benzenedicarboxylic acid; Mim = N-methylimidazole) results in the formation of carbon embedded fcc cobalt nanoparticle composites, Co@C. The as-prepared Co@C shows an agglomerated secondary structure with a highly embedded carbon shell comprising of cobalt nanoparticles of 20–100 nm. These Co@C particles show excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of nitrophenol to aminophenol, studied as a model reaction, and evolves as a promising candidate for the gas phase reduction process.
A Case-control Study on Marriage and Love Affair Related Life Events of Completed Suicide in Rural Chinese Women

Objective:To investigate the relationship between marriage/loving affairs related life events and the high suicide rates among Chinese rural women.Methods: 66 suicides and 66 living controls were studied using psychological autopsy methods.Results:There were 36 women in the research subjects which account for 27% of the total sample (36/132). There were more marriage/loving affairs related life events in female suicide than in other groups (1.6±2.1 vs. 1.0±1.5,0.2±0.6,0.6±0.9) and in female suicide the frequency of marriage/loving affairs related life events is higher than the frequency of other four types of life events (1.6±2.1 vs. 0.5±0.7,0.4±0.6,0.9±0.9,0.4±0.9). Both of the two differences do not have statistical significance.Conclusion:More attention should be paid to marriage/loving affairs related life events for Chinese rural women.
Efficacy and Nursing Risk Analysis of Different Insulin Injection Therapy on Children with Diabetes

Objective:To discuss the continuous subcutaneous insulin and methods in the treatment of multiple subcutaneous insulin treatment of diabetes in children,and to analyze the risk of different injection methods of care.Method:90 children with diabetes were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method,each group had 45 cases.The observation group used continuous subcutaneous insulin and the control group used multiple insulin subcutaneously.Compared fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose before and after treatment,while recorded time of blood glucose and insulin usage,and registered nursing occurred during treatment risk groups,evaluated the effectiveness and risks of different injection methods for the treatment of diabetes.Result:After treatment,fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 h blood glucose,blood glucose time,insulin used were(5.37 ± 5.77)mmol/L,(7.67 ± 0.86)mmol/L,(5.29 ± 1.12)d and(37.21 ± 2.09) U/d,compared with the control group,the differences had statistically significant.The observation group did not occur needlestick injuries,the dose errors,mistakes and injection equipment leakage case,there were 3 cases and 2 cases of hypoglycemia and the puncture site infection.The control group occurred needlestick injuries,dosing errors,error injection equipment,leakage,low blood sugar,and the puncture site infection 7,4,7,9,10 and 11 cases respectively.Nursing risks between two groups were compared,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Compare with multiple subcutaneous continuous subcutaneous,can more effectively lower blood sugar,reduce the standard time,reduce insulin usage,and to avoid the risk of care is an effective method of injection treatment of diabetes.
Pitfalls of urodynamics.

AbstractIncreased interest and use of urodynamic testing have led many clinicians to rely on the results for patient care. Numerous shortcomings and possible sources of error have been identified. Well trained personnel, properly structured examination rooms and understanding of the potential pitfalls in urodynamics are essential to proper medical management of patients with micturition problems.
A comparative study of the hepatic mitogen-activated protein kinase and Jun-NH2-terminal kinase pathways in the late-gestation fetal rat

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Jun-NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) are considered members of parallel but separate signal transduction cascades. We have compared the regulation and, indirectly, the role of these two pathways in hepatic development during late gestation in the rat. Our initial experiments showed that the two pathways crossed over to a significant degree. Both could be activated in primary cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes by exposure to transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), a potent MAPK activator, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a potent JNK activator. Fractionation of fetal hepatocyte lysates showed that the same MAPKs were stimulated by TGF-alpha as by TNF-alpha. In contrast, TGF-alpha activated only one JNK, whereas TNF-alpha stimulated multiple kinases with activity toward Jun. JNKs were found to be active under normal conditions in 19-day fetal liver compared with adult liver, whereas MAPK was not. Moreover, although JNKs could be activated further by intraperitoneal injection of TNF-alpha to the intact 19-day fetus, MAPKs could not be activated in vivo by i.p. injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF), which, like TGF-alpha, acts via the EGF receptor. EGF could not activate fetal hepatic MAPKs even though signal initiation was intact, as indicated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Shc and Shc/Grb2 complex formation. These results indicate that the JNK-signaling pathway may support fetal hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. In contrast, MAPK signaling is uncoupled, possibly indicating that it is not involved in maintaining hepatocyte proliferation in the late-gestation rat.
Effects of field of regard and stereoscopy and the validity of MR simulation for visual analysis of scientific data

We report the findings of a study designed to evaluate the effect of stereopsis and field of regard (FOR) in two different mixed reality (MR) simulation platforms: a head-mounted display (HMD) and a CAVE. We compared the performance of participants on two levels of stereopsis (mono and stereo) and two levels of FOR (90 degrees and 270 degrees) using a variety of scientific visualization tasks. Among the findings, we observed that not all the effects were consistent between the platforms. Stereo alone or in combination with higher FOR improved completion time on both platforms. However, adding stereo solely reduced the accuracy of the participants on the CAVE and improved on the HMD. Our findings extend prior knowledge on the contribution of visual fidelity components and suggests potential limits on MR simulation between platforms.
Targeting Of Leukemia Stem Cells By Interfering With Niches Using CD44 Variant 6 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirected Central Memory T Cells

Leukemic stem cells (LSCs), are resistant to radio/chemotherapy and responsible for disease relapse. Therefore, prevention of leukemia recurrence relies on the eradication of LSCs, which remains challenging for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. CD44 and its ligand are critical components of LSC niches that contain crucial signals for LSCs self-renewal. A CD44-specific mAb (clone H90) has been shown to specifically eradicate LSCs in immunodeficient mouse models. Further, a splice variant of CD44, CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) is over expressed on malignant hematopoietic cells including ALL, AML, CML, NHL and multiple myeloma and plays an important role for proliferation, homing, and metastasis of LSCs. With the aim of targeting LSCs, we constructed a second generation Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) specific for CD44v6 containing truncated EGFR as a selection and ablation molecule (CD44v6CAR/EGFRt). Central memory CD8 + T cells (CD62L + CD45RO + CD8 + ; CD8 + T CM ) were isolated from a healthy donor and transduced with lentivirus encoding CD44v6CAR/EGFRt after CD3/CD28 beads activation. Gene modified cells were immunomagnetically purified after labeling with biotinylated Erbitux followed by anti-biotin microbeads and expanded in rapid expansion medium (REM) containing OKT3 and feeder cells in the presence of IL-2 (50U/ml) and IL-15 (1ng/ml). The purified CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T cells were expanded 300 fold following each cycle of 2 stimulations. 40-50% of the expanded CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T cells preserved central memory T-cell phenotype markers such as CD62L, CD28 and CD27. In a 4 hour chromium release assay, CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T cells specifically recognized and lysed AML cells (THP-1) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) cells expressing CD44v6, while sparing CD44v6-negative KG1-a target cells (Fig. 1). To study in vivo efficacy of the CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T cells, a xenogeneic AML model was established by intravenous injection of 2x10^6 firefly luciferase expressing THP-1 cells (THP-1-ffluc) into NSG mice. Adoptive transfer of 5x10^6 CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T cells dramatically reduced THP-1-ffluc tumors as evidenced by bioluminescent imaging 14 days post T cell infusion. To prove the specificity of targeting, CD19 + LCL-ffluc cells that are 50% CD44v6 positive were systemically infused into NSG mice. As expected, CD44v6CAR/EGFRt CD8 + T exhibited less antitumor activity against LCL tumor than THP-1 tumor. Accordingly, irrelevant CE-7CAR + T cells (L1CAM specific) that were derived from the CD8 + T CM of the same donor had no antitumor activity. These results indicate that targeting CD44v6 with CAR-transduced CD8 + T CM cells has the potential to treat hematological malignancies. Moreover, CD44v6 redirected T cell therapy would apply to various hematopoietic malignancies that aberrantly over-express CD44v6. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Sustainability development platform for nuclear–renewable energy integration: Environmental impacts, economics, and socio-political implications

Global energy needs are primarily being met with fossil fuel plants in both developed and developing nations. Although it is unlikely to entirely replace fossil fuel systems, the incorporation of alternative energy systems that produce fewer emissions and utilize fewer resources may prove useful in furthering sustainable energy practices. Nuclear and Renewable Energy Integration (NREI) represents one potential, alternative system and is comprised of both nuclear and renewable technologies coupled with energy storage and industrial process heat applications. This article reviews the fundamentals of sustainability and its drivers, defines the necessary scope for analyzing energy systems, details widely used sustainability metrics, and assesses sustainability through the sustainability efficiency factor (SEF) based on the core pillars of economy, environment, and society—all of which aim to promote future sustainable development. The assessment is performed for an NREI system comprised of a small modular reactor (SMR), where a portion of the heat generated is utilized for hydrogen production through high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE). The global warming potential for NREI is compared to the typical emissions observed for hydrogen production via steam methane reforming and are estimated to yield 92.6% fewer grams of CO2-equivalent per kilogram of hydrogen produced. Furthermore, the calculated SEF formore » NREI is 22.2% higher than steam methane reforming. Because SMR designs are at varying design, developmental, and deployment stages, a method of estimating economics is presented to demonstrate the differences observed between first-of-a-kind (FOAK) and nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) units, as well as the resulting total capital investment cost. Lastly, a comprehensive list of considerations necessary for future energy system development was enumerated based on four core assessment areas: technical feasibility, environmental impact, economic feasibility and impact, and socio-political impacts.« less
Additive Nonlinear ARX Modeling for Systems with Output Multiplicities

Abstract Multivariable additive NARX (Nonlinear Autoregressive with eXogenous inputs) modeling of process systems is presented. The model structure is similar to that of a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and is estimated with a nonlinear Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) algorithm called CANALS. The system is modeled by partitioning the data into two groups of variables. The first is a collection of future outputs, the second is a collection of past input and outputs, and future inputs. This approach is similar to linear subspace state space modeling. An illustrative example of modeling is presented based on a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor that exhibits multiple steady states in the outputs.
Stable centromere positioning in diverse sequence contexts of complex and satellite centromeres of maize and wild relatives

Paradoxically, centromeres are known both for their characteristic repeat sequences (satellite DNA) and for being epigenetically defined. Maize (Zea mays mays) is an attractive model for studying centromere positioning because many of its large (~2 Mb) centromeres are not dominated by satellite DNA. These centromeres, which we call complex centromeres, allow for both assembly into reference genomes and for mapping short reads from ChIP-seq with antibodies to centromeric histone H3 (cenH3). We found frequent complex centromeres in maize and its wild relatives Z. mays parviglumis, Z. mays mexicana, and particularly Z. mays huehuetenangensis. Analysis of individual plants reveals minor variation in the positions of complex centromeres among siblings. However, such positional shifts are stochastic and not heritable, consistent with prior findings that centromere positioning is stable at the population level. Centromeres are also stable in multiple F1 hybrid contexts. Analysis of repeats in Z. mays and other species (Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians, and Tripsacum dactyloides) reveals tenfold differences in abundance of the major satellite CentC, but similar high levels of sequence polymorphism in individual CentC copies. Deviation from the CentC consensus has little or no effect on binding of cenH3. These data indicate that complex centromeres are neither a peculiarity of cultivation nor inbreeding in Z. mays. While extensive arrays of CentC may be the norm for other Zea and Tripsacum species, these data also reveal that a wide diversity of DNA sequences and multiple types of genetic elements in and near centromeres support centromere function and constrain centromere positions.
Replisome-mediated translesion synthesis by a cellular replicase

Genome integrity relies on the ability of the replisome to navigate ubiquitous DNA damage during DNA replication. The Escherichia coli replisome transiently stalls at leading-strand template lesions and can either reinitiate replication downstream of the lesion or recruit specialized DNA polymerases that can bypass the lesion via translesion synthesis. Previous results had suggested that the E. coli replicase might play a role in lesion bypass, but this possibility has not been tested in reconstituted DNA replication systems. We report here that the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme in a stalled E. coli replisome can directly bypass a single cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer or abasic site by translesion synthesis in the absence of specialized translesion synthesis polymerases. Bypass efficiency was proportional to deoxynucleotide concentrations equivalent to those found in vivo and was dependent on the frequency of primer synthesis downstream of the lesion. Translesion synthesis came at the expense of lesion-skipping replication restart. Replication of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer was accurate, whereas replication of an abasic site resulted in mainly −1 frameshifts. Lesion bypass was accompanied by an increase in base substitution frequency for the base preceding the lesion. These findings suggest that DNA damage at the replication fork can be replicated directly by the replisome without the need to activate error-prone pathways.
Room #2: The Test I Could Not Study For!

My pain was in the upper right hand quadrant and it was quite significant. The insight I gained from my days of preparation for clinical medicine, a second year medical school class, and my clinical training as a general surgery resident, allowed me to consider the differential diagnosis for this pain. The thought of the pain being caused by a renal stone was not out of the question; it was in the differential for the cause of this throbbing discomfort I sustained. In that the sharp and stabbing sensation appeared shortly after eating, other possibilities were to be considered, including cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder from a stone), a gastric or duodenal ulcer, or even appendicitis. The pain exacerbated after eating food supported this potential diagnosis. In my differential diagnosis, was it abdominal discomfort from a pulled muscle following a long run as I had been training for my 13th New York City Marathon? At the time, I was also one week away from an important examination, so the possibly that I was having some gastritis was a possible explanation. I chose to stop eating food that day hoping the gallbladder pain, my initial diagnosis, would resolve or at least improve. Unfortunately, the pain intensity only got worse. My family and I journeyed out to a Bar Mitzvah that day, as I did not want to spoil the festivities, but the increasing level of agony prevented me from staying beyond the welcome reception.
RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF A WORLD HERITAGE SITE: The Pitons Management Area, St. Lucia

Abstract This study examined the factors that influence local community residents’ support for the Pitons Management Area (PMA) as a World Heritage Site and their support for Sustainable Tourism Development. Community Attachment, Environmental Attitudes and Involvement in PMA were hypothesized as independent variables. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis using 319 resident samples suggested that Community Attachment positively influences their support behaviors, and Environmental Attitudes indirectly influence the support behaviors through Perceptions about PMA. Level of Involvement in the PMA was not found to have any significant relationships. The notable lack of involvement of residents presented critical implications for the sustainability of the site.
Perception of Internal Factors for Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Canadian and U.S. Managers

The purpose of this study was to expand on the previous research conducted by Kuratko, Montagno, and Hornsby (1990) and Hornsby, Montagno, and Kuratko (1992), which was limited to two American samples. The main hypothesis is that, due to the cultural differences that exist between the U.S. and Canada, there will be differences in responses of U.S. and Canadian managers to factors perceived to be part of an organizational culture that fosters entrepreneurial behavior. The findings suggest the following: U.S. and Canadian managers perceive the workplace similarly in terms of entrepreneurial climate; levels of intrinsic satisfaction of Canadian managers are lower than in the U.S.; overall levels of entrepreneurial behaviors are similar between the U.S. and Canada; but for Americans, entrepreneurial behavior is significantly related to the existence of particular organizational factors.
Environmental Decision Making in the Presence of Uncertainty

The previous chapter was an overview of the regulatory framework under which EPA effects environmental protection and management. When legislation is written in Congress, it contains both broad statements as to its general purpose and specific sections describing what activities are to be regulated and, sometimes, how such regulation is to occur. This language, along with the recorded legislative history (e.g., House and Senate reports, conference committee reports), indicates to the government agency charged with implementing the legislation the directions to follow in formulating regulations and enforcement mechanisms.
Early Education of Children in Families and Schools

The family is regarded as a powerful if not the most powerful influence on education. Illustrations of this belief are everywhere. A study of the educational payoff to recent U.S. training programs for adults on welfare concluded that the effectiveness in skill acquisition was limited. One of the reasons given was that it is not easy to overcome basic educational deficits in adults (Zill et al., 1991). Presumably these deficits somehow arose during youth, the life cycle segment when the major influence of child development is the family and its connections with the early school experience.
Single-Photon Absorptiometry

Single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) was first described by Cameron and Sorenson (1963) in an effort to overcome the problems inherent in the use of film densitometry. The basic configuration for the single-photon systems commercially available today was introduced in 1972 (Mazess and Cameron, 1972). This device was designed to give a digital readout of bone mineral content and bone width. Several manufacturers now market the single photon absorptiometry system (Novo, Gammatec, Nuclear Data, Norland, Lunar).
Transcriptome signature for dietary fructose-specific changes in rat renal cortex: A quantitative approach to physiological relevance

Fructose consumption causes metabolic diseases and renal injury primarily in the renal cortex where fructose is metabolized. Analyzing gene differential expression induced by dietary manipulation is challenging. The effects may depend on the base diet and primary changes likely induce secondary or higher order changes that are difficult to capture by conventional univariate transcriptome analyses. We hypothesized that dietary fructose induces a genetic program in the kidney cortex that favors lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. To test this, we analyzed renal cortical transcriptomes of rats on normal- and high-salt base diets supplemented with fructose. Both sets of data were analyzed using the Characteristic Direction method to yield fructose-induced gene vectors of associated differential expression values. A fructose-specific "signature" of 139 genes differentially expressed was extracted from the 2 diet vectors by a new algorithm that takes into account a gene's rank and standard deviation of its differential expression value. Of these genes, 97 were annotated and the top 34 accounted for 80% of the signal in the annotated signature. The genes were predominantly proximal tubule-specific, coding for metabolic enzymes or transporters. Cosine similarity of signature genes in the two fructose-induced vectors was >0.78. These 139 genes of the fructose signature contributed 27% and 38% of total differential expression on normal- and high- salt diet, respectively. Principal Component Analysis showed that the individual animals could be grouped according to diet. The fructose signature contained a greater enrichment of Gene Ontology processes related to nutrition and metabolism of fructose than two univariate analysis methods. The major feature of the fructose signature is a change in metabolic programs of the renal proximal tubule consistent with gluconeogenesis and de-novo lipogenesis. This new "signature" constitutes a new metric to bridge the gap between physiological phenomena and differential expression profile.
Trajectory Tracking Control For Underactuated Thrust-Propelled Aerial Vehicles

Abstract We present a trajectory tracking control scheme for a class of underactuated thrust propelled aerial vehicles. The class of aerial vehicles is modeled as a rigid body with a constant thrust direction in the body frame. The attitude of the rigid is fully actuated while only one translational degree of freedom is actuated. Thus, the combined translational and rotational motion is underactuated. The tracking control problem is solved in a two-step approach. First, a translational control scheme that tracks the desired position trajectory is constructed assuming the translational dynamics to be fully actuated. The magnitude of the translational control input is used as the magnitude of the control thrust. Second, the unit vector representing the direction of the translational control input is used as the desired thrust direction. An asymptotically stable attitude control scheme is developed in S2, such that the body fixed thrust direction tracks the desired thrust direction. The overall closed-loop system is analytically shown to be asymptotically tracking the desired position trajectory. The results are validated by numerical simulations.
Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Pioglitazone

Background: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant p...
Prevention Research with Indigenous Communities to Expedite Dissemination and Implementation Efforts

Effectively translating evidence-based interventions into clinic and community settings is an increasing priority for health researchers. The successful dissemination and implementation (D&I) of interventions found efficacious ensures that major health funders such as the National Institutes of Health can demonstrate a return on investment in biomedical and behavioral research and that all populations receive maximum benefit from scientific discoveries. However, the products of research efficacy trials, the evidence-based interventions, are rarely designed with D&I in mind, rendering these interventions fundamentally misaligned with real-world settings. Further, while some evidence-based interventions have been successfully adapted for implementation in indigenous communities, few such examples have been published. Literature regarding the adoption and implementation of evidence-based interventions in indigenous communities is scarce, and the feasibility of scaling up successful interventions is poorly understood, potentially widening health disparities. The Intervention Research to Improve Native American Health (IRINAH) partners are generating efficacy data on community-responsive and engaged interventions that are also designed to facilitate D&I efforts, reducing the time between research to practice to benefit indigenous communities, should these interventions prove effective. In this manuscript, we provide an overview and key challenges of D&I science with indigenous communities. We then use IRINAH case studies to highlight strategies that IRINAH partners are using to plan for the scale-up and implementation of the studies. We conclude with recommendations to inform the next phase of IRINAH research efforts.
Electrically-activated reactive synthesis (EARS) and electro-annealing of Ni/CNT-Al nanocomposite powders

Abstract The present paper discusses the electrically activated reactive synthesis (EARS) of Ni/CNT-Al nano-composite powders. The effect of initial relative green density (RGD) on reaction characteristics and resultant microstructure has been investigated in addition to post reaction electro-annealing. Results show that a relative density of 0.67 RGD resulted in the highest combustion temperature and lowest product porosity, while detrimental cracking was observed at the higher RGDs during EARS. Post reaction electro-annealing was also found to promote homogenization and sintering of as-reacted products. Microhardness values as high as ∼250 HV are reported following electro-annealing.
Other Types of Headache

This chapter reviews the clinical features and treatment options for primarily the nonmigrainous primary headaches and a few commonly encountered secondary headaches. Differences between the presentations of these headaches can be subtle and their recognition is important, as many times the treatment options vary. The subtleties in diagnosis, differentials, workup, and treatment options will be reviewed and elucidated in this chapter.
An Intelligent-Agent Facilitated Scaffold for Fostering Reflection in a Team-Based Project Course

This paper reports on work adapting an industry standard team practice referred to as Mob Programming into a paradigm called Online Mob Programming (OMP) for the purpose of encouraging teams to reflect on concepts and share work in the midst of their project experience. We present a study situated within a series of three course projects in a large online course on Cloud Computing. In a \(3\times 3\) Latin Square design, we compare students working alone and in two OMP configurations (with and without transactivity-maximization team formation designed to enhance reflection). The analysis reveals the extent to which grading on the produced software rewards teams where highly skilled individuals dominate the work. Further, compliance with the OMP paradigm is associated with greater evidence of group reflection on concepts and greater shared practice of programming.
Exploring Practice Trends and Perceived Needs of OT Practitioners Working in Middle-School Settings

This study explored the perceptions and practices of OT practitioners working in middle-school settings. There is an overall paucity of research specifically intended for evaluating and providing interventions for middle-school students. In an attempt to address this issue, this study intended to better understand practitioners’ perceived needs, daily practice patterns, and factors that influence their clinical reasoning in determining goals and interventions. Primary Author and Speaker: Sonia Rodrigues Additional Authors and Speakers: Francine Seruya
Asbestos-containing materials in abandoned residential dwellings in Detroit

Abstract Objective The efforts of many municipalities to demolish abandoned residential dwellings (ARDs) are hampered by the presence of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) in these structures. However, the extent of such materials is unknown. Our study sought to characterize ACMs present in ARDs demolished in Detroit. Methods Working with the City of Detroit, we obtained information on all ARDs demolished from 2014 to 2017. We randomly sampled 605 ARDs and analyzed the presence, type, and amount of ACM present, and the associated abatement and demolition costs. Results Asbestos was present in about 95% of the sampled ARDs. The most common types of ACMs were flooring, roofing, siding, and duct insulation. The material containing the greatest fraction of asbestos was duct insulation. The type of asbestos generally present was chrysotile. Only eight (1%) ARDs contained commercial amphibole asbestos; another 36 contained vermiculite. The total cost of demolition averaged $13,645 per home, of which 20.1% was asbestos abatement. Conclusions The majority of the ACM in the ARDs was nonfriable and consisted of chrysotile. This study contributes information about the nature and extent of ACM in ARDs, which can provide part of the foundation for making an assessment of possible asbestos-containing air emissions during the demolitions of ARDs, and the nature or extent of pre-demolition abatement that may be needed (if any) to protect the public's health.
Implications of Atrial-Level Shunting by Echocardiography in Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective To determine whether postnatal echocardiographic indices of left ventricular (LV) size and function are associated with atrial-level shunt direction and investigate whether a relationship exists between LV function and LV size in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Study design This was a single-center retrospective study of 51 neonates with CDH evaluated at Children's Hospital Colorado. Initial postnatal echocardiograms were analyzed for cardiac dimensions, valvar integrity, cardiac time intervals, and biventricular function. Comparisons were made between neonates with left-to-right vs right-to-left atrial-level shunting, as well as between those with decreased (ejection fraction Results The majority (82.4%) of infants with CDH had a left-to-right atrial-level shunt, and 84.3% had systemic or suprasystemic pulmonary artery pressure. Decreased LV function was demonstrated in 37.2% and was associated with smaller LV volumes and worse outcomes, including the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and survival. Conclusions Left-to-right atrial-level shunting is common in neonates with severe CDH, even in the presence of suprasystemic pulmonary artery pressure. LV dysfunction correlates with decreased LV volumes and is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, including increased need for ECMO and decreased survival.
Chapter 50 – VoIP Security

The Internet has become an important medium for communication, and all kinds of media communications are carried on today’s Internet. Telephony over the Internet has received a lot of attention in the last few years because it offers users advantages such as long distance toll bypass, interactive ecommerce, global online customer support, and much more. Due to the increased attention in Voice over IP (VoIP), security in such networks has gained higher precedence. In this chapter, we review a broad array of attack vectors in VoIP and its corresponding security solutions.
Financing environmental services: the Costa Rican experience and its implications

Abstract Costa Rica’s pioneering environmental services program seeks to maintain socially optimal forest cover by compensating landowners for the external benefits provided by their forests. The National Forestry Fund proposes to sell carbon sequestration services to the world market and hydrological services to the domestic market. Revenues from these sales, together with tax revenue, is used to finance environmental service provision through landholder incentives for forest maintenance. The mechanics of these programs are discussed, along with implications for the design and implementation of similar programs.
MULTIMODALITY IN MACROFINANCIAL DYNAMICS

We estimate the evolution of the conditional joint distribution of economic and financial conditions. Although the joint distribution is approximately Gaussian during normal periods, sharp tightenings of financial conditions lead to the emergence of additional modes. The U.S. economy has historically resolved quickly to the “good” mode, but we conjecture that poor policy choices could lead to prolonged periods of multimodality. We argue that multimodality arises naturally in a macrofinancial intermediary model with occasionally binding financial constraints.
Post-white-nose syndrome passive acoustic sampling effort for determining bat species occupancy within the mid-Atlantic region

Abstract We assessed the sampling effort requirements for detecting the presence of extant bat species following the impact of white-nose syndrome in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. We acoustically sampled 27,796 nights across 846 sites between 15 May and 15 August 2016–2018 within the District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. We developed simulations to determine the number of sites required to document bat species when each site was sampled different numbers of nights. We examined these simulations with respect to land cover, physiographic region, and time period. We generally found that sampling a greater number of sample sites within a survey area increased detection more than increasing the number of nights at individual sampling sites. The sampling effort required to detect a given bat species varied by species, as well as land-cover type and physiographic region. Our results suggest that land managers and researchers should use caution in using protocols developed with other objectives, e.g., the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endangered and threatened bat species and the North American Bat monitoring programs’ methods are designed relative to their specific needs. Unfortunately, neither protocol may be adequate for accurately detecting bat communities within all mid-Atlantic areas.
Improving K-12 CS Education Research via Tools and Resources for the Community

Are you interested in improving the quality of K-12 computer science education research? Or maybe you would like to add ideas for additional resources and tools that would save you time while at the same time improving the quality of your own research studies and reports? If so, stop by this Birds of a Feather for a lively discussion on what resources are provided already in the community and to give timely and critical feedback on what features might be added to make your work conducting research studies easier. We will present our near- and long-term plans with the goal of getting your important feedback on the ideas and how we might best prioritize these based on community needs.
Safety comparison of minimally invasive abdomen-only esophagectomy versus minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study

We report mortality and post-operative complications from esophageal resection in the treatment of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma or stricture, comparing a minimally invasive abdomen-only esophagectomy (MIAE) approach with a minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIILE) approach. A single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or stricture treated by either MIAE or MIILE was conducted. MIAE was offered for strictures less than five centimeters or cancers that were American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage ≤ T2 without lymphadenopathy. Patients treated with these surgical techniques were analyzed to assess pre-operative risk, intra and post-operative variables, adverse events, and overall survival. This study included 17 patients undergoing MIAE and 32 patients treated with MIILE. There were a fewer median number of lymph nodes resected (p < 0.001) and shorter operative duration (p < 0.001) for MIAE compared to MIILE. MIAE patients also had significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores and ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) surgical risk values than MIILE patients (p < 0.05). There was no difference in median estimated blood loss, length of stay, pulmonary or cardiac complications between groups. There was no significant difference in 90-day survival. A minimally invasive abdomen-only approach in a specific patient population is comparable in safety to a minimally invasive Ivor Lewis approach, with associated shorter median operative duration. MIAE patients had significantly greater pre-operative comorbidities and higher calculated peri-operative risk of complication but demonstrated similar post-operative outcomes. This suggests that MIAE may be a suitable surgical approach for treating gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma or stricture in patients deemed unsuitable for MIILE.
Change in patterns of hospitalization for influenza during COVID-19 surges.

Background Hospitalization due to influenza has been stable in recent years. In March 2020, New York was an epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because influenza and COVID-19 present similarly, there were serious concerns that coinfection of these viruses would burden the healthcare system. We compared incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalized with influenza before and during COVID-19 (seasons 2017-2021). Methods We conducted a retrospective study evaluating hospitalized patients with influenza. Four influenza seasons were evaluated, 2017-2021, pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic. We compared incidence of influenza and clinical outcomes across the seasons. Results We found 412 patients hospitalized due to influenza in the study period; 394 had influenza, and 18 had both influenza and COVID-19 infections. Demographics across the four influenza seasons were comparable; the cohort was predominantly female (61%) and had an average age of 60 years old. Comorbid conditions were common. No outcome differences were found for patients with influenza when comparing influenza seasons prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality for the entire cohort was 6.5%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 18 (4.4%) influenza patients coinfected with COVID-19 and 32 (7.8%) patients with bacterial super infection. Predictors of mortality in patients with influenza included presence of shock, heart failure, bacterial pneumonia, and use of mechanical ventilation. Coinfection with COVID-19 did not increase mortality. Conclusion We observed a significant decrease in the incidence of hospitalization due to influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical presentations and outcomes for patients with influenza remain stable. Being aware of possible increased mortality for patients with both influenza and bacterial pneumonia is important. Although coinfection with COVID-19 did not increase mortality in influenza patients, identifying the specific virus responsible for infections has major therapeutic implications.