cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of lanthanum carbide in carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles

The morphologies of lanthanum-filled carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, made by arc-discharging carbon-La2O3 composites, were examined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction technique. The HRTEM images and corresponding SARD patterns obtained from the arc-discharge product confirmed that α-LaC2 nanocrystals, most of which are single crystals, had been formed within the nanotubes and nanoparticles. The encapsulated α-LaC2 crystals showed a tendency to grow epitaxially on the 001 planes of neighboring carbon layers. Twins and polycrystals had also been observed in the closed-off environment. Although partial filling was the most typical growth characteristic for encapsulated α-LaC2 nanocrystals, some nanoparticles were found to be completely, or near-completely, filled with α-LaC2 nanocrystals. Most encapsulated crystals showed planar and well-defined crystal boundaries with the surrounding carbon layers. The STEM images and nanodif-fraction patterns obtained from the interfaces of α-LaC2 and carbon sheets provided no evidence for the existence of any possible intermediate layers.
Comparison of bladder carcinogenesis by nitrosomethyldodecylamine in Sprague--Dawley and Fischer rats carrying transplanted bladder tissue.

Summary Nitrosomethyldodecylamine was given by gavage in oliver oil solution (25 mg twice/week) to male and female Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats to the back of each of which had been transplanted a suspension of urinary bladder tissue from the same strain. While there was 100% incidence of transitional cell carcinomas in the host urinary bladders, and few other tumors in the animals, there was a tumor in only 1 transplant in a Sprague-Dawley rat, with a possible tumor in another, and none in the Fischer rat, although these were inbred. In a significant number of cases the transplant survived.
Energy pathways in nanoscale thermal radiation

We show in this letter that when nanoscale radiation between two parallel plates is considered, the Poynting vector is decoupled for each parallel wavevector component (β) due to the nature of thermal emission, as manifested by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The streamlines calculated by tracing the Poynting vector vividly demonstrate that the spectral radiative energy travels in infinite directions along curved lines. Depending on the β value, the energy pathway may exhibit considerable lateral shift. This letter elucidates the fundamental characteristics of nanoscale thermal radiation that is important for applications, such as near-field optical sensors and energy conversion devices.
A prolog-based framework for search, integration and empirical analysis on software evolution data

Software projects use different repositories for storing project and evolution information such as source code, bugs and patches. An integrated system that combines these multiple repositories and can answer a broad range of queries regarding the project's evolution history would be beneficial to both software developers and researchers. For example, the list of source code changes or the list of developers associated with a bug fix are frequent queries for both developers and researchers. Integrating and gathering this information is a tedious, cumbersome, error-prone process when done manually, especially for large projects. Previous approaches to this problem use frameworks that limit the user to a set of pre-defined query templates, or use query languages with limited power. In this paper, we argue the need for a framework built with recursively enumerable languages, that can answer temporal queries, and supports negation and recursion. As a first step toward such a framework, we present a Prolog-based system that we built, along with an evaluation of real-world integrated data from the Firefox project. Our system allows for elegant and concise, yet powerful queries, and can be used by developers and researchers for frequent development and empirical analysis tasks.
Conservation of Endo16 expression in sea urchins despite evolutionary divergence in both cis and trans-acting components of transcriptional regulation

Evolutionary changes in transcriptional regulation undoubtedly play an important role in creating morphological diversity. However, there is little information about the evolutionary dynamics of cis-regulatory sequences. This study examines the functional consequence of evolutionary changes in the Endo16 promoter of sea urchins. The Endo16 gene encodes a large extracellular protein that is expressed in the endoderm and may play a role in cell adhesion. Its promoter has been characterized in exceptional detail in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We have characterized the structure and function of the Endo16 promoter from a second sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus. The Endo16 promoter sequences have evolved in a strongly mosaic manner since these species diverged approximately 35 million years ago: the most proximal region (module A) is conserved, but the remaining modules (B-G) are unalignable. Despite extensive divergence in promoter sequences, the pattern of Endo16 transcription is largely conserved during embryonic and larval development. Transient expression assays demonstrate that 2.2 kb of upstream sequence in either species is sufficient to drive GFP reporter expression that correctly mimics this pattern of Endo16 transcription. Reciprocal cross-species transient expression assays imply that changes have also evolved in the set of transcription factors that interact with the Endo16 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that stabilizing selection on the transcriptional output may have operated to maintain a similar pattern of Endo16 expression in S. purpuratus and L. variegatus, despite dramatic divergence in promoter sequence and mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.
Angiosperm Diversification and Paleolatitudinal Gradients in Cretaceous Floristic Diversity

The latitudinally diachronous appearance of angiosperm pollen during the Cretaceous is well documented, but the subsequent diversification and accompanying significant changes in floristic dominance have not been assessed quantitatively for a wide range of paleolatitudes. Trend surfaces fitted to within-palynoflora diversity data from 1125 pollen and spore assemblages show that angiosperms first become floristically prominent in low paleolatitude areas(∼20°N to 20°S). Non-magnoliid dicotyledons show a similar but slightly delayed pattern of increase and are the principal component of angiosperm diversity from all areas sampled. Monocotyledons and magnoliid dicotyledons are significant primarily in low to middle paleolatitude palynofloras(∼50°N to 20°S) during the latest Cretaceous. As angiosperms become increasingly prevalent the importance of most non-angiosperm taxa either decreases or remains unchanged. The only apparent exception is a striking increase in gnetalean diversity concurrent with the initial angiosperm diversification at low paleolatitudes.
An investigation of the reaction of HCl with Ga and In

Abstract The reaction of HCl with liquid Ga and In was studied in a flow reactor at reduced pressure in the temperature range 973–1223 K. The HCl consumption was measured by mass spectrometry and an axial model was developed to reduce the data. A first order rate constant was determined as a function of temperature for the reaction of HCl with Ga. Two competing reaction mechanisms were apparent for the reaction of HCl with In. At high temperature, homogeneous reaction of HCl with In vapor is proposed as the limiting reaction and a heterogeneous reaction is suggested at low temperature.
Heterosis in Poultry 5. Reciprocal Crosses Involving Leghorns, Heavy Breeds and Fayoumi

Abstract NEWCOMER (1957) presented evidence that the somatic chromosome number of the fowl is 6 pairs rather than 18 or 38 as formerly supposed. To account for the difference, he proposed that there are a variable number of heterochromatic elements or chromotoid bodies which he designated as “chromosomoids.” During the course of meiosis, these chromosomoids may undergo fusion or fragmentation, and frequently they have been counted erroneously as chromosomes when they are fused. Newcomer suggested that the chromosomoids apparently function as reserves of nucleo-proteins for chromosome duplication. Newcomer's work on the cytology of the fowl is of special interest to breeders and geneticists, because only 6 linkage groups have been reported in the fowl. If the fowl has but 6 pairs of chromosomes, then roughly speaking we might suppose that ⅙ of the heredity of the fowl is associated with the sex chromosomes. Thus the fact that relatively many more sex …
Virtue, Obligation and Politics

This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the terms “virtue,” “obligation,” and “politics,” a project suggested by similar analyses currently underway in the field of ethics. The essence of the study is the contrast between politics understood in terms of virtue (as by Plato, Aristotle, and, in a way, Rousseau) and politics understood in terms of obligation (as by Hobbes, Locke, John Rawls and, in a way, Rousseau). The paper argues that obligation and virtue form the center of two separate languages or paradigms for the formulation and discussion of basic political questions, and discusses the theoretical grounds for the neglect of the language of virtue by the greater part of modern political thought. This discussion, while pointing to the possible weaknesses of the language of virtue, also serves to indicate (directly and by contrast) the limitations of the language of obligation as a way of understanding politics.
Mixed Methods and Bioethics Pedagogy: Suggestions for Future Research

10 two major professions (nursing and social work), and their 1,215 respondents surely practice in many different settings. Such a large sample allows general trends to emerge out of much internal diversity, and the research pushes the field to more focused and nuanced inquiry. At this stage, comple15 menting the survey methods used by Grady et al. with qualitative research (interviews and ethnography) is especially promising. Doing so will enrich the social science contribution to bioethics and help educators craft more focused and effective types of ethics training. 20 Driven by the methodological need for a large sample size and standardized questions, the authors measure the effects of ethics education through self-reports. They ask people to rank their internal state (confidence about identifying and responding to ethical issues) and their like25 lihood of action in the future. Self-reports function as a proxy measure for the outcomes of greatest interest: Does ethics education actually lead people to call more often for ethics consultations, compared to people without such education? Does it lead them more often to talk informally 30 with peers or supervisors about the ethical dimensions of their work? In general, directly measurable outcomes are preferable to self-reports about internal states and hypothetical future behaviors, but enormous methodological problems would hamper survey research of this sort. One would 35 need to control for all the other variables that might affect the specific outcomes. To guarantee significant results, the ethics service (consultants or ethics committees) must be present and equally available to all respondents. The pace of work and the local politics of the workplace must 40
THE BIOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THIRD COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT (C3) IN NONIMMUNE HOST DEFENSES

Studies performed in vitro have demonstrated that C3 acts as an opsonin when activated to C3b and fixed to bacteria. In order to investigate the significance of C3 as an opsonin in vivo the following experiments were performed in normal, nonimmune mice. Mice were totally depleted of serum C3, as measured in a hemolytic assay, by the injection of cobra venom factor(CoVF). Concurrent with the C3 depletion their serum opsonizing activity decreased to a level less than 20% of normal. When mice were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of pneumococci(Pn) immediately after the CoVF treatment, the LD50 was 1.8 × 106 as compared to 6.8 × 107 in saline treated control animals (P<0.05). When the CoVF was given only 6 hours after the Pn challenge the LD50 was the same as in the control mice. If Pn were preopsonized in vitro with nonimmune mouse serum and then injected into CoVF treated animals, the LD50 was the same as that in control animals. These studies demonstrate that there is a biologically significant in vivo role for C3 as an opsonin in the nonimmune host's defense against bacterial infection and that that role is most significant in the early stages of bacterial invasion.
1 D states of the beryllium atom: Quantum mechanical nonrelativistic calculations employing explicitly correlated Gaussian functions

Very accurate finite-nuclear-mass variational nonrelativistic calculations are performed for the lowest five ${}^{1}D$ states ($1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{p}^{2}$, $1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{s}^{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}3{d}^{1}$, $1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{s}^{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}4{d}^{1}$, $1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{s}^{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}5{d}^{1}$, and $1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{s}^{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6{d}^{1}$) of the beryllium atom (${}^{9}$Be). The wave functions of the states are expanded in terms of all-electron explicitly correlated Gaussian functions. The exponential parameters of the Gaussians are optimized using the variational method with the aid of the analytical energy gradient determined with respect to those parameters. The calculations exemplify the level of accuracy that is now possible with Gaussians in describing bound states of a four-electron system where some of the electrons are excited into higher angular states.
An automated runway and Skinner box apparatus

An automated runway is described which permits animals to be run without handling between trials. The runway consists of three legs of a square with a Skinner box forming the base of the square. Results showing the stability of running performance on CRF are presented.
Exploring the Energetic Deposition of Pentacene on Pentacene through Molecular Dynamics Simulations

We use molecular dynamics simulations to explore in detail the factors affecting the behavior of an incident pentacene molecule colliding with the pentacene (010) step edge. We examine the effect of molecular orientation in conjunction with incident kinetic energy (Ei) and angle (θi) of the incoming molecule and proximity of the collision of the incoming molecule to the step edge in determining the relative contributions of fundamental mechanisms such as insertion, ejection, and interlayer transport. We find that to maximize 2D growth through experimentally controllable parameters, Ei and θi, the molecular orientation within the beam must be controlled. For θi = 0°, when the momentum of the incident molecule is aligned along the long axis of the molecule, downward interlayer transport of the incident molecule is dominant for all hyperthermal energies. When the molecular orientation is random, higher energies must be employed to achieve the same degree of downward interlayer transport. For nonzero values o...
Enzymatic and Immunologic Quantitation of Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase in Adults and in Neonates of Different Gestational Ages

Human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified and specific antiserum was raised in rabbits. Enzyme preparations from adults and from newborns were shown to be indistinguishable in their immunologic and electrophoretic properties. Erythrocyte SOD was quantitated in blood specimens from adults and in cord blood specimens from neonates of different gestational ages, using both an immunologic and an activity assay. The mean values of SOD concentration and SOD activity for adults and for newborns of average size for gestational age (AGA) showed no significant difference. Adult red cells contained 28.0 +/- 8.3 SOD units/mg hemoglobin (Hgb) whereas AGA neonatal red cells had 28.5 +/- 8.3 SOD units/mg Hgb. Immunologic quantitation by single radial immunodiffusion revealed 0.69 +/- 0.07 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb in adults and 0.70 +/- 0.14 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb in the AGA neonates; however, the SOD concentrations from both small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were significantly lower than those of the AGA neonates and the adults (SGA: 0.57 +/- 0.24 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb, P less than 0.05; LGA: 0.59 +/- 0.16 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb, P less than 0.05).
The Challenges of Street Research on Drug Use, Violence, and Aids Risk

Violence is a regular and consequential event in the lives of street drug users, commonly beginning at an early age and continuing throughout their drug careers. Growing evidence indicates that inv...
Synthetic forward-looking infrared signatures for training and testing target identification classifiers

A series of experiments are performed to benchmark the performance of a target identification classifier trained on synthetic forward-looking infrared (FLIR) target signatures. Results show that the classifier, when trained on synthetic target signatures and tested on measured, real-world target signatures, can perform as well as when trained on measured target signatures alone. It is also shown that when trained on a combined database of measured plus synthetic target signatures, performance exceeds that when trained on either database alone. Finally, it is shown that within a large, diverse database of signatures there exists a subset of signatures whose trained classifier performance can exceed that achieved using the whole database. These results suggest that for classification applications, synthetic FLIR data can be used when enough measured data is unavailable or cannot be obtained due to expense or unavailability of targets, sensors, or site access.
Firefly flashing and jumping spider predation

Bioluminescent flashing in fireflies, while primarily a sexual signal, is known to deter some predators while attracting others. We tested whether flashing serves an antipredator function against two species of diurnal, visually hunting jumping spiders, Phidippus princeps and Phidippus audax. To confirm anecdotal reports that fireflies flash during the day in a nonmating context, we documented that adult fireflies (Photuris sp.) of both sexes flash when disturbed in daylight. We also confirmed that activity periods of Phidippus and fireflies overlap, and that spiders attack fireflies and elicit flashing behaviour. We conducted three experiments to examine the influence of flashing on spider behaviour. (1) We tested whether the sudden onset of a flashing LED startled spiders that had initiated attacks on crickets, and found no evidence that it did so. (2) We used choice tests to determine whether flashing lights attracted or deterred spiders from attacking palatable prey. Spiders more often attacked crickets positioned next to a flashing LED versus an LED that was either off or glowed steadily. (3) Many firefly species are distasteful. Therefore, we tested whether flashing lights facilitate avoidance of unpalatable prey with experience. Spiders were given seven encounters with unpalatable prey (nonluminescent Ellychnia corrusca fireflies) associated with either flashing or unlit LEDs. Spiders in the two treatments were equally likely to attack the prey during their first encounter, but spiders exposed to flashing LEDs were significantly less likely to attack unpalatable prey by their seventh trial. Spiders tested with palatable prey showed no decline in attacks after exposure to flashing LEDs. We conclude that, although bioluminescent flash signals may increase attack rates by predatory jumping spiders, they may also facilitate learning about unpalatable prey. Thus, the costs and benefits of flashing may depend on the prevalence of firefly palatability.
Structures of the modified folates in the thermophilic archaebacteria Pyrococcus furiosus

The structures of the modified folates present in Pyrococcus furiosus have been determined. This was accomplished largely by the characterization of the arylamines resulting from the air oxidative cleavage of the reduced modified folates present in these cells, using both chemical and enzymatic methods. Cell extracts separated on DEAE-Sephadex columns showed one major peak containing the arylamines derived from the modified folates. These arylamines were not retained on the DEAE-Sephadex columns, indicating that they contained no net negative charge. Purification of the azo dye derivatives of these arylamines on a Bio-Gel P-6 column showed the presence of three different compounds (compounds 1, 2, and 3) in an average amount of 4.1, 7.6, and 22 nmol/g dry weight of cells, respectively. Each of these compounds readily underwent mild acid hydrolysis (0.1 M HCl, 110 degrees C, 1 min) to produce the azo dye derivative of 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane (pAPT). The structure and stereochemistry (ribo) of the pAPT was the same as the pAPT present in methanopterin. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 3 were each shown to contain 1 mol equiv of ribose and 1, 2, and 3 mol equiv of N-acetylglucosamine (gluNAc), respectively, and were designated as the azo dye derivatives of pAPT-ribose-gluNAc, pAPT-ribose-(gluNAc)2, and pAPT-ribose-(gluNAc)3. Each of these compounds was readily cleaved to the azo dye derivative of pAPT-ribose by the enzymatic action of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, indicating that all the gluNAc residues were beta-linked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Barriers to identification and treatment of hazardous drinkers as assessed by urban/rural primary care doctors.

Abstract This pilot study analyzed three types of barriers encountered by forty family physicians when identifying and treating patients with hazardous drinking and alcohol dependence. The Patient Centered category included patient denial and lack of motivation to change. The Physician Centered category included lack of physician time and lack of addiction medicine training. The System Centered category included lack of community resources and distance to treatment programs. The Patient Centered barriers were rated significantly greater (p <.001) than the Physician Centered or the System Centered barriers. There was also a significant negative correlation (r = −0.49, p <.001) between the Physician Centered and the Patient Centered categories, meaning that the more problematic the patients were rated, the less problematic the physicians rated their time or training. The types of barriers that were rated as most problematic varied depending on rural/urban practice location and how current the physician's tr...
Picoliter fluidic flow characterization using ion-selective measurement

Techniques for accurate measurement of liquid flows involving volumes on the order of nanoliters and picoliters are critical for advancement of microfluidics applications. Although several techniques for measurement of microfluidic flows where a liquid is dispensed on to a target are available today, no proven techniques currently exist for measurement of microfluidic flows where a liquid is injected into a liquid media. Motivated by such a measurement need in a current project, this paper presents a novel experimental technique to measure bulk-flow of a liquid dispensed into another liquid medium with sensitivity down to picoliter range. This technique is based on the principle of titration of two liquids and measurement of hydrogen ions in the resulting solution. The critical components of the system that enable the proposed technique are: A highly sensitive hydrogen ion concentration (pH) sensor and a device to dispense very small, calibrated, volumes of liquid. Since commercially available hydrogen ion sensors are bulky for use in the proposed technique, a hydrogen ion sensor element that provides a sensing tip dimension on the order of a few microns is fabricated from a glass capillary for the current study. Dispensing of calibrated volumes of liquid is accomplished by means of a calibrated syringe for volumes in nanoliter range and a glass capillary for volumes in picoliter range, the latter serving as a dispensing port of a diameter of about 2 μm. The paper includes details of experiments where the proposed technique is first applied to precisely predict injections of 20 and 40 nL volumes and then extended to demonstrate the sensitivity of the sensor element to injections of volumes in the picoliter range. The preliminary experimental results presented generally validate the principle involved in this technique and suggest that the technique is virtually scalable to any volume flows typically encountered in the microfluidics applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
N-ethylmaleimide and mercurials modulate inhibition of the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel by H+, Mg2+ and cationic amphiphiles.

Abstract Previously it has been shown that the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel is reversibly inhibited by matrix Mg 2+ , matrix H + and cationic amphiphiles such as propranolol. Furthermore, the IC 50 values for both Mg 2+ and cationic amphiphiles are dependent on matrix pH. It is now shown that pretreatment of mitochondria with N -ethylmaleimide, mersalyl and p -chloromercuribenzenesulfonate increases the IC 50 values of these inhibitors. The effect of the mercurials is most evident when cysteine or thiogllycolate is added to the assay medium to reverse their previously reported inhibitory effect (Beavis, A.D. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 185, 511–519). Although the IC 50 values for Mg 2+ and propranolol are shifted they remain pH dependent. Mersalyl is shown to inhibit transport even in N -ethylmaleimide-treated mitochondria indicating that N -ethylmaleimide does not react at the inhibitory mercurial site. However, the effects of N -ethylmaleimide and mersalyl on the IC 50 for H + are not additive which suggests that mercurials and N -ethylmaleimide react at the same ‘regulatory’ site. It is suggested that modification of this latter site exerts an effect on the binding of Mg 2+ , H + and propranolol by inducing a conformational change. It is also suggested that a physiological regulator may exist which has a similar effect in vivo.
Patriots, politics, and the Oklahoma City bombing

Patriots, politics, and the Oklahoma City bombing, by Stuart A. Wright. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007, x + 218 pp., tables, illustrations, references to 232, index to 237. US$70 (hardb...
Single-loop and double-loop models in research on decision making.

September 1 976, volu me 21 Some current research and theory on organizational decision making from the political science literature is examined, in which the potential role of learning and feedback in the decision-making process is largely ignored. An espoused theory of action based on single-loop learning is found to be the most general model of action. A double-loop model is proposed as providing feedback and more effective decision making.
Iron oxide and chromia supported on titania-pillared clay for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia

TiO{sub 2}-pillard clay (PILC) with high surface area, large pore volume, and large interlayer spacing was used as the support for mixed Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} as the catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH{sub 3}. The Fe/Cr ratio was varied at a fixed total amount of oxide dopant of 10% (wt). The Fe-Cr/TiO{sub 2}-PILC with Fe/Cr=3 showed the highest activity. Compared with commercial V{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} catalysts, the activity (on a per gram basis) of the doped pillared clay was approximately twice as high under H{sub 2}O- and SO{sub 2}-free conditions and was approximately 40% higher under conditions with H{sub 2}O and SO{sub 2}. In addition, its activity for SO{sub 2} oxidation was only 20%-25% of that of the V{sub 2}O{sub 5}-based catalysts. TPD of NH{sub 3} on the Fe-Cr/TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalyst showed that both M=O and M-OH (M=Fe or Cr) were necessary for the SCR reaction. In situ IR spectra of NH{sub 3} showed that there was a higher Bronsted acidity than the Lewis acidity on the surface under reaction conditions and that there existed a direct correlation between the SCR activity and the Bronsted acidity among pillared clays with differentmore » Fe/Cr ratios. These results, along with the transient response to O{sub 2}, indicated that a similar mechanism to that on the V{sub 2}O{sub 5} catalyst was operative. The TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay used as the support also contributed to the high activity of the Fe-Cr catalyst. The TiO{sub 2} pillars combined with the tetrahedral SiO{sub 2} surfaces of the clay apparently gave rise to a high dispersion of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. 52 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.« less
ZnO quantum dots-graphene composite for efficient ultraviolet sensing

Abstract ZnO quantum dots-graphene (QDs-graphene) composite was synthesized using atomic layer deposition method. A photodetector fabricated from the ZnO QDs-graphene composite and polymers demonstrated high sensitivity to UV light with a maximum photoresponsivity of 247 A/W at 325 nm. The high photoresponsivity of this device is attributed to the high active surface to volume ratio of the ZnO QDs-graphene composite. In addition to the high photoresponsivity, fast transient response with response time on the order of tenth of milliseconds was achieved, which is attributed to high carrier transport and collection efficiency through the graphene.
Distinctively Elderly Mobility: Types and Determinants

Distinctive types of mobility are identified for the elderly, many of whom also move for traditional reasons. Using a longitudinal data set from adult residents in Rhode Island, univariate, chi square, and logit analyses indicate associations between sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly and their mobility behavior. Mobility for assistance reasons is associated with older age, unmarried status, higher previous mobility, and renter status. Mobility in preparation for aging (e.g., to an elderly complex) is more likely for unmarried, previously mobile residents. Out-of-state mobility to amenity destinations is not limited to the elderly, but younger, married, more affluent elderly were more likely to make such moves.
The Kitchen Is Your Laboratory: A Research-Based Term-Paper Assignment in a Science Writing Course

A term-paper assignment that encompasses the full scientific method has been developed and implemented in an undergraduate science writing and communication course with no laboratory component. Students are required to develop their own hypotheses, design experiments to test their hypotheses, and collect empirical data as independent scientists in their personal laboratories—their kitchens. Motivating students to use food preparation as a chemical experiment does more than just provide them with adequate data for their term papers. Students develop a new awareness for experimental variables, acquire experimental planning and development expertise, and gain an enhanced set of independent thinking skills. This inquiry-based assignment requires students to treat edible ingredients as a chemicals and kitchen equipment as scientific instrumentation. Students are required to provide correctly formatted scientific terms for all consumables and equipment, and they are encouraged to bring experimental results into...
Tumor hypoxia imaging in orthotopic liver tumors and peritoneal metastasis: a comparative study featuring dynamic 18F-MISO and 124I-IAZG PET in the same study cohort

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the uptake of two clinically promising positron emission tomography (PET) hypoxia targeting agents, 124I-iodoazomycin galactopyranoside (124I-IAZG) and 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO), by dynamic microPET imaging, in the same rats bearing liver tumors and peritoneal metastasis.
Good Enough for Government Work? A Study in “Grey Archeology”

Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Patoka Lake, Indiana: Prehistoric Occupations of the Upper Patoka River Valley. Cheryl Ann Munson, ed. Glen A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology Research Reports, No. 6. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1980. xxvii + 829 pp. $15.00 (paper). Colonization and Conquest: The 1980 Archaeological Excavations at Fort Toulouse and Fort Jackson, Alabama. Gregory A. Waselkov, Brian M. Wood, and Joseph M. Herbert. Auburn University Archaeological Monograph No. 4. Montgomery, AL: Auburn University, 1982. xxix + 399 pp. $11.00 (paper). The Kellogg Village Site Investigations: Clay County, Mississippi. James R. Atkinson, John C. Phillips, and Richard Walling. A Report of work undertaken in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District, in fulfillment of Modification Three to Contract DACW 01–77–0015. Starkville: Mississippi State University, 1980. x + 345 pp. n.p. (paper). Parkin: The 1978–1979 Archaeological Investigations of a Cross County, Arkansas Site. Phyllis A. Morse. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series, No. 13. Fay-etteville: University of Arkansas, 1981. 110 pp. $6.00 (paper). The Shallow Lake Site (3Un9/52) and Its Place in Regional Prehistory. Martha A. Rolingson and Frank F. Schambach. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series, No. 12. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas, 1981. 240 pp. $10.00 (paper). Yellow Creek Archaeological Project: Volume 1. Robert M. Thome, Bettye J. Broyles, and Jay K. Johnson. Archaeological Papers of the Center for Archaeological Research, No. 1. Chattanooga: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1981. 354 pp. $13.00 (paper). Yellow Creek Archaeological Project: Volume 2. Jay K. Johnson. Archaeological Papers of the Center for Archaeological Research, No. 2. Chattanooga: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1981. 347 pp. $13.00 (paper).
Ground-State Energy of a Many-Particle Boson System

The ground state of a many-particle boson system is studied for two closely related limits: the uniform limit and the weak coupling limit. The former is defined by $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1\ensuremath{-}g(0)\ensuremath{\ll}1$ and the latter by $\ensuremath{\beta}=\frac{(N\ensuremath{-}{N}_{0})}{N}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where $g(r)$ is the radial distribution function and ${N}_{0}$ is the mean occupation number of the zero-momentum state. In the uniform limit the variation-perturbation approach based on (a) the method of correlated basis functions and (b) the series expansion in powers of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is found to be equivalent to the field-theoretic treatment given by Brueckner (for the charged-boson gas) in the weak coupling limit. In particular, it is shown that the variation-perturbation energy obtained for the uniform limit in the momentum representation is identical through second order to the ground-state energy evaluated for $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ by summing one- and two-ring diagrams in the Bogoliubov occupation-number representation. The charged-boson gas and the one-dimensional boson system with a $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interaction are considered to examine some of the interesting features of the uniform-limit procedure.
Effect of inhibitors of α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced hepatotoxicity on the in vitro metabolism of α-naphthylisothiocyanate

The role of S-oxidation in the toxic bioactivation of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) was investigated. The effects of several thione compounds, inhibitors and an inducer of the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase systems on the in vitro metabolism of ANIT and aminopyrine were determined. Ethionamide, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Na-DDTC) and S-methyl diethyldithiocarbamate (Me-DDTC), three agents known to undergo metabolism by an S-oxidative pathway and diminish ANIT's toxicity, inhibited the in vitro enzymatic metabolism of ANIT by rat liver microsomes. Methimazole failed to alter either the hyperbilirubinemic response of ANIT or the in vitro metabolism of ANIT. All four thione compounds (i.e., ethionamide, Me-DDTC, Na-DDTC and methimazole) inhibited the enzymatic metabolism of aminopyrine by rat liver microsomes. Me-DDTC was the most potent, whereas methimazole was the least potent inhibitor of aminopyrine metabolism. Phenobarbital, which potentiates, and SKF-525A, which inhibits the hepatotoxicity of ANIT in vivo, correspondingly stimulated or inhibited the NADPH-dependent metabolism of ANIT and aminopyrine by liver microsomes. N-Decylimidazole (NDI), another classical inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system, inhibited both the in vivo toxicity and in vitro metabolism of ANIT. NDI also diminished the enzymatic metabolism of aminopyrine by liver microsomes. Thus the results of this study indicate that metabolism of ANIT is intimately related to its toxicity and that ANIT probably undergoes its toxic bioactivation via a cytochrome P-450-dependent S-oxidative pathway.
Functions of bounded higher variation

We say that a function u: R m → R n , with m ≥ n, has bounded n-variation if Det(u xα1 ,...,u xαn ) is a measure for every 1 ≤ α 1 <... < α n ≤ m. Here Det(ν 1, ...,ν n ) denotes the distributional determinant of the matrix whose columns are the given vectors, arranged in the given order. In this paper we establish a number of properties of BnV functions and related functions. We establish general (and rather weak) versions of the chain rule and the coarea formula; we show that stronger forms of the chain rule can fail, and we also demonstrate that BnV functions cannot, in general, be strongly approximated by smooth functions; and we prove that if u ∈ BnV(R m ,R n ) and |u| = 1 a.e., then the Jacobian of u is an m - n-dimensional rectifiable current.
Intranasal antifungal treatment in 51 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Abstract Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the most common chronic disease that is frequently refractory to treatment. Objective: We sought to establish the safety and demonstrate the clinical efficacy of intranasal antifungal drug therapy in patients with CRS in a pilot trial. Methods: A prospective open-label trial used amphotericin B as a medical treatment in 51 randomly selected patients with CRS. The antifungal agent was applied intranasally as 20 mL of a 100 μg/mL solution twice daily. The outcome was measured by using their symptoms and by using an endoscopic scoring system in all patients. In addition, pretreatment and posttreatment coronal computed tomographic scans of the nose and sinuses were available for evaluation in 13 patients. Results: By using amphotericin B, improvement of sinusitis symptoms was observed in 38 (75%) of 51 patients. Endoscopically, 18 (35%) of 51 patients became disease free, and an additional 20 (39%) of 51 had improvement of at least one stage ( P P
Intestinal mucosal lymphatic permeability: An electron microscopic study of endothelial vesicles and cell junctions

In order to determine the route of passage of water-soluble macromolecules across lacteals of intestinal villi of mice and guinea pigs, peroxidase, ferritin, and chylomicrons were used as tracers. Saline-injected animals served as control. Lacteal junctions were classified as close junctions, tight junctions, open junctions, and indeterminate junctions. In lacteals there were 10 close junctions, 89 tight junctions, 6 open junctions, and 149 indeterminate junctions. Ferritin and peroxidase were frequently identified within pinocytotic vesicles. Peroxidase (diameter about 50 A) was seen within close junctions but did not appear to penetrate tight junctions. Ferritin (diameter about 110 A) did not penetrate tight or close junctions. Chylomicrons (diameter about 2000 A) did not penetrate close or tight junctions, were occasionally seen in large vesicles, and were often identified within overlapping endothelial cell processes. These data suggest that the major route of transport of these substances across lacteals of the intestinal mucosa is vesicular rather than through endothelial cell junctions.
Determination of ammonium sulfamate in air using ion chromatography.

A sampling and analysis method has been developed and validated for ammonium sulfamate (ammate), NH4 + [NH2SO3 −], in air samples. Airborne particulate ammate is efficiently collected using a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter, extracted from the filter using distilled water and determined in the extract by analysis for the sulfamate ion using ion chromatography. The method was validated over the concentration range of 6.35–27.3 mg/m3 at near ambient conditions, using laboratory generated air samples. The average recovery of the total method is 100±6% at the 95% confidence level.
Incremental Aerosol Reactivity: Application to Aromatic and Biogenic Hydrocarbons

The concept of incremental aerosol reactivity is introduced, and the incremental aerosol reactivities of a number of important anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons are investigated for four ambient scenarios. The incremental aerosol reactivity, defined as a change in the secondary organic aerosol mass produced (in μg m^(-3)) per unit change of parent organic reacted (in ppb), is a measure of the aerosol-forming capability of a given parent organic in a prescribed mixture of other organic compounds. The base-case scenario is a mixture of both aromatic and biogenic organics. Reactivity values depend on the choice of the initial organic mixture, so cases are also examined in which all biogenic hydrocarbon concentrations are set to zero and all aromatic concentrations are set to zero. The influence of additional organic aerosol is also investigated. For the compounds studied, incremental aerosol reactivities range from 0.228 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (m-xylene) to 10.352 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (α-humulene) for the base case, from 0.234 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (m-xylene) to 9.446 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (α-humulene) for the base case in the presence of initial organic aerosol, from 0.133 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (m-xylene) to 0.801 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (diethylbenzene) for the zero-biogenic case, and from 0.456 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (linalool) to 6.923 μg m^(-3) ppb^(-1) (α-humulene) for the zero-aromatic case. Using m-xylene as a basis, relative incremental aerosol reactivities range from 1.153 (low-yield aromatics) to 3.338 (diethylbenzene) for aromatics in the base case and from 1.349 (low-yield aromatics) to 6.032 (diethylbenzene) in the zero-biogenic case. Using α-pinene as a basis, relative incremental aerosol reactivities range from 0.569 (terpinolene) to 12.843 (α-humulene) for biogenics in the base case and from 0.882 (linalool) to 13.385 (α-humulene) in the zero-aromatic case.
Influence of dose rate on radiation effect on fertility of female mice.

In an attempt to contribute to an understanding of unusual radiation sensitivity exhibited by the mammalian oocyte, a non-dividing cell, fertility experiments were carried out to determine the effect of dose rate (fractionation, different intensities of continuous radiation). Fractionation markedly reduced damage to fertility, and division of dose into 10-r fractions was more effective in this respect than division into 25-r fractions. Continuously exposed females were even less affected in breeding performance than females which had received fractionated irradiation, and the lower the dose rate the smaller was the deleterious effect on fertility. in all groups, production, in terms of number of females casting litters, remained at maximum level until beginning of a sudden steep decline that ended in sterility. It is for this reason that some experiments of other investigators, who have measured performance only in terms of the first postirradiation litter, have failed to show similar dose-rate effects. The results indicate that some repair of radiation damage to oocytes can occur, and that repair is greater at lower dose rates. (auth)
Multiple stack performance near saturation

Detailed simulation experiments have been performed to study multiple stack performance, primarily using two methods recently developed by the authors called dynamic initial allocation and local reallocation procedures. Some results are: determining first occurrences of overflows in terms of storage saturation; observing performance behaviours, particularly for near full storage saturation; and performance evaluation on the weight of two storage redistribution schemes, one being based on the most recent stack growth, the other on the current stack size. Also discussed is the issue of whether additional space should be sought when storage is near saturation, and if so, how it is to be obtained. The critical stack saturation percentage is proposed as the point where additional storage space should be sought. It is the one at which the expected total cost is the minimum.
Heritage Ethics for a Present Imperfect

Lynn identifies three critical discussion that framed the Stanford workshop. First, the language of the code, which she feels should reflect our acknowledgement that archaeologists are not the primary stakeholders for most situations and using core values instead of codification as a starting point. Second, the recognition of particular histories and the consequences of colonial encounters, with the acknowledgment that colonialist relations continue to exist in many places. Third is the issue of how WAC positions itself in relation to issues of social justice. Lynn points out that while WAC could be an active vehicle for attaining social justice on a global scale, the ethical implications of taking any kind of interventionist stance need to be fully thought through, lest they be seen as telling people what to do—a stance that would only serve to mirror imperialist and colonialist practices. We need to ask people what they want in regard to their heritage and be prepared to listen, even if archaeology is not immediately important for them or they suggest directions that we find challenging.
Spectroscopic characterization of Er-doped KPb2Cl5 laser crystals

Abstract A discussion of the spectroscopic properties of the low-phonon energy laser host material potassium lead chloride, KPb 2 Cl 5 , doped with trivalent erbium is presented. In this paper we present room temperature spectroscopic measurements and subsequent analysis based on the Judd–Ofelt model. Additionally, Stark level energies of the Er 3+ ions in the crystal were determined from spectroscopic measurements performed at cryogenic temperatures.
Elementary inclusion relations for generalized numerical ranges

Abstract Let γ 1 ,…,γ n be complex constants. The set W (γ 1 ,…,γ n ) ( A ) = {Σγ j ( Ax j , x j )},where ( x 1 ,…, x n ) vary over all orthonormal systems in C n , is called a generalized numerical range of a given n × n matrix A . In this paper we study inclusion relations of the form W (γ 1 ,…,γ n ) ⊂λ W (γ′ 1 ,…,γ′ n ) which hold uniformly for all n -square matrices A In particular we concentrate on the case where the coefficients are real. Such inclusion relations yield simple inequalities among generalized numerical radii. Finally, a further generalization of the above numerical range is discussed.
Stories and tales in logotherapy with Urban-Appalachian families

In this article the authors describe and illustrate the use of stories and tales for metaphorical communication in family logotherapy with the Urban-Appalachian family. In this logotherapy approach, stories and tales are used to help the Urban-Appalachian family bring repressed meanings and meaning potentials to the conscious level of family awareness.