cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Old Calculus Chestnuts: Roast, or Light a Fire?

Even fairly good students, when they have obtained the solution of the problem and written down neatly the argument, shut their books and look for something else. Doing so, they miss an important and instructive phase of the work. ... A good teacher should understand and impress on his students the view that no problem whatever is completely exhausted. One of the first and foremost duties of the teacher is not to give his students the impression that mathematical problems have little connection with each other, and no connection at all with anything else. We have a natural opportunity to investigate the connections of a problem when looking back at its solution. [1]
Descriptions of the Larvae of Two Olethreutine Moths Reared from Roots of Woody Compositae

Larvae of 2 olethreutine moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were removed from roots of range-invading woody Compositae in southern Arizona. They were reared to adults on an artificial diet. Sonia filiana (Busck) occurs in roots of Haplopappus tenuisectus and Eucosma ridingsana (Robinson) in roots of 3 species of Gutierrezia . One S. filiana larva was found in roots of Gutierrezia (microcephala or sarothrae) . The larvae resemble each other and each varies in the characters usually used for identification, but they differ in integument spinule density and shape of the epipharyngeal spinule patch. These characters can be used to identify larvae taken from roots of these plants in southern Arizona. Only these 2 olethreutines were found in 2 years of sampling.
AB1100 Psychometric Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Pain in U.S. Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background Several patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments have been administered in ongoing clinical trials to capture the symptoms and impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients9 experience. Pain has been recognized as an important manifestation of SLE. The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) was developed to assess the severity of pain and the impact of pain on daily functions in the adult population. Objectives The goal of this observational study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPI-SF in patients with moderate-to-severe SLE. Methods Participants were recruited using a free electronic medication-monitoring service. Patients ≥18 years who self-reported a physician diagnosis of SLE (confirmed by medical record review) and active SLE demonstrated by a Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) score of ≥11 (0-44 scale) were included. BPI-SF and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) were administered in electronic format at baseline, week 2, and week 12. Psychometric properties of the BPI-SF and items and domains were evaluated by standard statistical techniques. Results A total of 122 patients were included. The mean age was 45.7 years; 95.9% were female; and 68.9% were non-Hispanic white. Cronbach9s alpha were >0.9 for all BPI-SF items. Test-retest reliability of the BPI-SF showed a stable correlation for item #7 (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.79), while all other items and domain correlations were above 0.5. The BPI-SF domain and global scores were moderately positively correlated to the SLAQ score (all correlations r>0.4), but they were negatively correlated to the SF-36 Bodily Pain domain (r Conclusions Assessment of pain intensity, as measured by the BPI-SF, demonstrated validity and reliability in a sample of patients with SLE and may be used as a PRO tool in clinical trials. Acknowledgements This research was funded by Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN. Disclosure of Interest A. Naegeli Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, S. Al Sawah Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1770
Evolution of fracture porosity and permeability during folding by cataclastic flow: Implications for syntectonic fluid flow

The Canyon Range Syncline, central Utah, folded and continued to tighten by cataclastic flow, where fracture-bound blocks, defined by a distributed network of mesoscale (outcrop) fracture sets slid past each other. Thin zones of microscale cataclasite coat many of the fracture-bound blocks9 surfaces. Different generations of fracture sets used to accommodate cataclastic flow have been unraveled using crosscutting relationships and are used to track different stages of the syncline9s folding history. Many of the fracture sets preserve evidence for fluid flow (such as iron-oxide precipitates) at different stages of folding. The number of generations of quartzite and iron-oxide cataclasite zones preserved along the mesoscale fractures within the Canyon Range Syncline is used here, in conjunction with mesoscale crosscutting relationships, to develop a three-dimensional kinematic model for fracturing and potential fluid flow during folding. This study shows that there is no relationship between porosity and permeability with degree of deformation, i.e., amount of folding. Also, slight lithological variations play a large role in the geometry of the interconnected fracture network.
Cultivation of Endamoeba histolytica in embryonic fluids.

Discussion and Summary1. These experiments indicate that Endamoeba histolytica trophozoites can be cultured successfully in embryonic fluids. Amniotic and allantoic fluids from 9- to 13-day-old chick embryos have given the most consistent results. While growth of amebae occurred in aerobic as well as anaerobic environments, more dependable results were obtained under the latter condition. The fluids retained their ameba growth-supporting qualities after storage up to 30 days, but not after Seitz filtration. 2. The extremely low bacterial population has made large numbers of amebae available for physiologic studies. It is generally realized that bacterial interference must be minimized before metabolic studies of a fundamental nature can be undertaken.
Effects of the iron oxide nanoparticle Molday ION Rhodamine B on the viability and regenerative function of neural stem cells: relevance to clinical translation.

We thank Kayla Yu and Quentin Remley for their technical assistance on the histological aspects of the project. We are also grateful to Doug Cromey (Arizona Cancer Center Imaging Core Cancer Center Support Grant [P30 CA023074]) for his technical support with confocal microscopy and image analysis. This work was supported by intramural funds from The University of Arizona to LM.
Multi-resolution simulation framework based on design pattern and base object model

There was no general simulation framework for Multi-Resolution Modeling(MRM) at present,and it was difficult to realize the goal of MRM.To address this problem,a general multi-resolution simulation framework was put forward based on flyweight design pattern and Base Object Model(BOM).The thought of flyweight pattern was contained in the MRM based on BOM instance aggregation so that the simulation framework for the MRM could be constructed by using the flyweight pattern.Construction process of this framework was discussed in detail.Application method and effect of the framework were illustrated by an example.The result showed that the framework was applicable to the MRM of homogeneous entity aggregation,and it could optimize the simulation cost and improve the simulation efficiency with high flexibility and scalability.
Developmental Patterns of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability During Sleep and Waking in Normal Infants and Infants at Risk for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

The developmental sequence of heart rate and heart rate variability was examined during sleep and waking states in 22 normal infants, and 22 siblings of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims, using 12-h polygraphic recordings at 1 week and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months of age. Heart rate was higher in siblings of SIDS victims than in normal infants during quiet sleep over the first 6 months of life and was higher in the waking state at 3 months of age. The sibling group also had lower variability at 1 week during quiet sleep. Gender contributed no significant differences to heart rate, but females at risk for SIDS had lower waking cardiac variability than males.
Current status of fascia lata allograft slings treating urinary incontinence: effective or ephemeral?

PURPOSE The aim of this article is to review the current state and technique of pubovaginal sling construction using cadaveric allograft fascia lata. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify articles in the current literature addressing applications of cadaveric allograft fascia lata for surgical reconstructive procedures. RESULTS Current series evaluating cadaveric fascia lata allografts for pubovaginal sling find equivalent short-term outcomes when compared to autograft fascia. Long-term follow-up is not yet available for these series. Variability in tissue processing or host factors may account for some failures with cadaveric fascial slings. CONCLUSIONS Cadaveric fascia lata allografts are associated with reasonable efficacy and safety. Longer follow-up is needed. Further study of the relationship between tissue processing methods, surgical techniques, host factors, and outcome is indicated to better assess the long-term role of cadaveric fascia lata allograft for pubovaginal sling.
Magnified Impact of Natural Hazards from Global Warming/Climate Change and Inadequate Land-Use Planning

Global warming/climate change is a progressive happening that contributes to ongoing long-term disaster conditions and short-term hazards that put people and property at risk of injury, death, damage, and destruction [1]. The temperature increase correlates well with the ~40 % increase of CO contents in the atmosphere from 280 ppm in latter part of the nineteenth century with the industrial revolution to the >400 ppm in 2015. The increase is attributed to industrial emissions of CO2 especially from coal-burning electricity generating plants and cement manufacturing among others, especially from the 1950s and accelerated with increasing global industrial development into the twenty-first century. It is attributed as well to the loss of capacity of ‘sinks’ that absorb the CO2 from the atmosphere (e.g., oceans and forests). The major sinks, oceans and seas with creatures that use CO2 to precipitate their calcium carbonate (CaCO) shells, have become saturated to the point that their chemistries are changing with respect to acidity to the detriment of shelled forms in the marine ecosystems. In addition, another major sink, the areas of forests and other vegetation that use CO2 for photosynthesis, are being reduced by forestry and human encroachment that has changed the natural land use patterns and helped lower the amount of CO2 that could be absorbed by plants from the increasing amounts being emitted to the atmosphere.
Configuring Desire and Social Order in the Contemporary Mexican Youth Road Film

This chapter analyzes two Mexican youth road films, Por la libre (Juan Carlos de Llaca, 2001) and Viaje redondo (Gerardo Tort, 2009). Cosentino scrutinizes the expression and resultant suppression of incestuous and queer desire in these two films. She highlights the figurative (and paradoxical) stagnancy that characterizes the Mexican youth road film. Por la libre prioritizes the traditional nuclear family while Viaje redondo rejects queer desire as nothing more than a longing for heterosexuality. The Mexican youth road film masquerades as a progressive exploration of Mexican youth, but in reality it is conservative and heteronormative in nature. Both films as well as the blockbuster Y tu mama tambien (Alfonso Cuaron, 2001), present endings that align with a traditional conceptualization of the social order.
Influence of weight at enterostomy reversal on surgical outcomes in infants after emergent neonatal stoma creation

Abstract Purpose Neonates after emergent enterostomy creation frequently require reversal at low weight because of complications including cholestasis, dehydration, dumping, failure to thrive, and failure to achieve enteral independence. We investigated whether stoma reversal at low weight ( Methods Patients who underwent enterostomy reversal from 2005 to 2013 at less than 6months old were identified in our institutional database. Only patients who underwent emergent enterostomy creation (i.e. for necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous perforation) were included. Demographics, disease process, comorbidities, stoma type, reversal indication, operative details, and complications were examined. Patients were categorized by weight at reversal of less than 2kg, 2.01–2.5kg, 2.51–3.5kg, and greater than 3.5kg. Data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable regression with significance level of p Results Eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Demographics (sex, ethnicity, surgical disease process, reversal indication, and ASA score) were similar. The lowest weight group had lower gestational age (p Conclusions Enterostomy reversal at lower weight may not be associated with increased risk of perioperative complications. Early stoma reversal may be acceptable when required for progression of neonatal care. Level of evidence Level III, Treatment Study (Retrospective comparative study).
Evaluation of botanical and chemical products for the control of foliar nematodes Aphelenchoides fragariae

Abstract Foliar nematodes Aphelenchoides spp. Pose a serious threat to floriculture by causing significant economic losses in home gardens, production nurseries and arboretums, and threatening precious germplasm collections of many ornamental plants. Control of foliar nematodes has become difficult due to the loss of nematicides following the implementation of the U.S. Food Quality Protection Act. Herein, we used a three-stage approach to evaluate 24 products for their potential to control foliar nematodes Aphelenchoides fragariae in hosta. We first performed a direct contact assay in well-plates where A. fragariae nematodes were exposed to the aqueous suspension of high (2-fold dilution) or low (20-fold dilution) concentration of the test products. The products causing 100% nematode mortality at the low concentration were then tested through a drench application for their effectiveness against foliar nematodes in soil, followed by a leaf-disc test to determine their efficacy against nematodes in leaves as a spray application. Of the 24 products, Ammonia, Clorox, grapefruit seed extract, KMnO 4 , NaDCC, Nemakill, Pylon and ZeroTol caused 100% nematode mortality in aqueous suspension at 20-fold dilution. Drench application of Ammonia, Clorox, KMnO 4 , NaDCC and ZeroTol reduced over 85% and over 75% A. fragariae population in soil 7 and 42 days after treatment, respectively. Spray application of ZeroTol could reduce over 70% A. fragariae population in leaf discs, whereas Ammonia, Clorox, KMnO 4 and NaDCC caused about 50% reduction. Pylon (24% chlorfenapyr) and Nemakill (32% cinnamon oil, 8% clove oil, 15% thyme oil mixture) showed 100% mortality of A. fragariae in all three types of tests, and thus have great potential to serve as effective alternatives to manage foliar nematodes in floriculture.
Assessing and conceptualizing frontal EEG asymmetry: An updated primer on recording, processing, analyzing, and interpreting frontal alpha asymmetry.

Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha asymmetry is widely researched in studies of emotion, motivation, and psychopathology, yet it is a metric that has been quantified and analyzed using diverse procedures, and diversity in procedures muddles cross-study interpretation. The aim of this article is to provide an updated tutorial for EEG alpha asymmetry recording, processing, analysis, and interpretation, with an eye towards improving consistency of results across studies. First, a brief background in alpha asymmetry findings is provided. Then, some guidelines for recording, processing, and analyzing alpha asymmetry are presented with an emphasis on the creation of asymmetry scores, referencing choices, and artifact removal. Processing steps are explained in detail, and references to MATLAB-based toolboxes that are helpful for creating and investigating alpha asymmetry are noted. Then, conceptual challenges and interpretative issues are reviewed, including a discussion of alpha asymmetry as a mediator/moderator of emotion and psychopathology. Finally, the effects of two automated component-based artifact correction algorithms—MARA and ADJUST—on frontal alpha asymmetry are evaluated.
Abstract 1385: TGF beta regulates tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy through POSTN in glioma stem cell models

Periostin (osteoblast-specific factor 2, POSTN) is a 90-kDa ECM (extracellular matrix) protein containing an amino-terminal EMI, tandem repeat of four fascilin-domains and carboxyl-terminal domain including a heparin-binding site. Stromal POSTN plays a key role in regulating cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance and expansion during metastatic colonization. Recently, it has been reported that POSTN functions as a progression associated and prognostic biomarker in glioma via inducing an invasive and proliferative phenotype. POSTN mRNA expression was significantly higher in grade IV gliomas than in grade II and grade III tumors. POSTN interacts with several integrin receptors such as αvβ1 and αvβ3 to regulate cellular response including cell proliferation, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and cell migration. We demonstrated in previous studies that bevacizumab (Bevacizumab, Roche/Genentech) increased glioblastoma invasion in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the role of POSTN and its receptor in tumor invasion and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. POSTN expression after treatment with avastin in vivo was increased as measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Stable knockdown of POSTN expression using specific shRNA abrogated expression of EMT (CAMK2N1, COL1A2, KRT14, COL3A1 and MMP-9) and angiogenesis-related (ANGPTL4, VEGFA, CXCL5, HPSE and EFNA3) genes compared to controls. VEGF expression was decreased in POSTN shRNA, and POSTN shRNA infected cells decreased invasion in both GSC11 and GSC272 glioma stem cell lines. TGF beta1 increased secretion of POSTN and phosphorylation of smad3 through a decrease in POSTN binding to smad3. Moreover, recombinant POSTN increased glioma cell invasion in an intergrin β1 receptor-dependent fashion. In animal experiments, median survival of animals implanted with GSC272-control cells was 63 days, while GSC272-bevacizumab was 84.5 days and knock down of POSTN was 84 days (p Collectively, our data suggests that TGF beta increases POSTN secretion which appears to play an important role in glioma invasion and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Citation Format: Soon Young Park, Yuji Piao, Ningyi Tiao, Verlene Henry, Jianwen Dong, John Frederick de Groot. TGF beta regulates tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy through POSTN in glioma stem cell models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1385. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1385
MELANOCYTOMA OR JUXTAPAPILLARY MELANOMA

Purpose:To report the case of a melanocytoma of the optic disc leading to severe vision loss, raising concern for possible malignant transformation and optic nerve infiltration.Methods:Case report.Results:A 36-year-old Arabic woman presented to an outside facility with severe vision loss and a clini
A Review of the Impacts of Different Approaches for Diabetes Prevention and a Framework for Making Investment Decisions

This paper selectively reviews the economic research on individual (i.e., diabetes prevention programs and financial rewards for weight loss) and population-wide based diabetes prevention interventions (such as food taxes, nutritional labeling, and worksite wellness programs) that demonstrate a direct reduction in diabetes incidence or improvements in diabetes risk factors such as weight, glucose or glycated hemoglobin. The paper suggests a framework to guide decision makers on how to use the available evidence to determine the optimal allocation of resources across population-wide and individual-based interventions. This framework should also assist in the discussion of what parameters are needed from research to inform decision-making on what might be the optimal mix of strategies to reduce diabetes prevalence.
Patriotism and Nationalism

This chapter examines the normative question of whether the cultivation of patriotic and nationalist ideals and attachments should have a central place in programs of civic education. It argues that the most useful way to draw the distinction between patriotism and nationalism focuses on their respective objects of loyalty; patriotism is loyalty to a country while nationalism is loyalty to a people. This way of distinguishing between patriotism and nationalism forms the background for the discussion of a variety of instrumental and non-instrumental arguments for cultivating patriotic and nationalist political attachments in schools. It also examines an assumption common to these programs of civic education: that a shared identity is crucial for citizens to have a sense of belonging that supports social stability and desirable forms of political change. The final part of the chapter introduces a number of alternative educational proposals that aim to avoid some of the difficulties faced by patriotic and nationalist strategies. These alternative proposals aim to encourage good citizenship while taking into account new challenges generated by the political, social, and economic conditions of an increasingly globalized world.
Tenupodia Formation by Blasts in Bone Marrow Aspirate Smears From a Patient With Acute Monoblastic Leukemia

To the Editor: Primitive hematopoietic myeloid cells have been observed to extend long, thin pseudopodia. Recently, Francis et al[1][1] reported the presence of 2 new morphologic types of pseudopodia, tenupodia and magnupodia, formed by the human myeloid progenitor cell line KG1a and human CD34+
Ten-year reassessment of the shortage of general surgeons: Increases in graduation numbers of general surgery residents are insufficient to meet the future demand for general surgeons.

Abstract Background In 2008, we projected that a deficit in the general surgical workforce would grow to 19% by 2050. We reexamined population-based general surgical workforce projections to determine the impact of recent changes in population estimates and trends in certification and General Surgery Residency. Methods We reviewed the Census Bureau data and the potential pool of general surgeons defined by American Board of Surgery certificates, residents completing Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved General Surgery Residency and combined American Board of Surgery and osteopathic certificates averaged from 2007–2016. The model included removal of 150 surgeons/year who subspecialize and 729 retirements/year. Results Updated census projections estimate a 2050 U.S. population of 439 million, a 19 million increase over prior census projections. From 2007–2016, the American Board of Surgery granted 10,173 certificates, averaging 1,017/year; General Surgery Residency graduations were 10,088, averaging 1,088/year; combined American Board of Surgery and osteopathic (American Osteopathic Association) certificates were 10,084, averaging 1,084/year. General surgical workforce shortage in 2050 is projected to be 7,047 (21%) based on American Board of Surgery certificates; 4,917(15%) based on General Surgery Residency completions; 5,037 (15%) based on combined American Board of Surgery and American Osteopathic Association certificates; and 57 (0%) based on hypothetical expansion of general surgeons training by 75 positions by 2021. Conclusions Without increasing future general surgeons training numbers, the projected future general surgical workforce shortage will continue to grow.
Por qué algunos municipios en México son mejores recaudadores de impuesto predial que otros

El impuesto predial podria ser una importante fuente de ingresos para los gobiernos municipales en Mexico. Desafortunadamente, los ingresos obtenidos de este impuesto son de los mas bajos en America Latina. ?Que explica el aparente exito de algunos municipios y el fracaso de otros? El presente articulo analiza factores que inciden en la recaudacion del predial en una muestra de 2 267 municipios durante un periodo de seis anos (2008-2013) y revisa con detenimiento el caso del estado de Baja California. El analisis muestra que si se considera este estado como punto de referencia, la mayoria de las entidades tienen un desempeno por debajo de las expectativas. Las caracteristicas socioeconomicas de un municipio, las transferencias intergubernamentales, los esfuerzos concretos para actualizar los catastros y la uniformidad en los sistemas administrativos municipales podrian ser factores importantes para explicar el aparente exito de algunas jurisdicciones en su desempeno recaudatorio
Recurrent Patellar Instability

Recurrent patellofemoral instability is a disabling condition and can be associated with a variety of anatomic factors. Management of recurrent patellar instability remains challenging and it is imperative to have a comprehensive knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination are key to formulating an appropriate management plan. Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, an increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, and soft tissue abnormalities are all anatomical factors that should be considered when treating a patient with recurrent patellar instability. Surgical treatment is based on the underlying anatomical pathology with an aim to restore normal patellofemoral kinematics. This chapter will focus on the treatment options and outcomes of recurrent patellar instability.
A Large Animal Model of Right Ventricular Failure due to Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Focus on Function

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease that progresses to right ventricular (RV) failure and death if left untreated. Little is known regarding the progression of RV failure in this disease, greatly limiting effective prognoses, and therapeutic interventions. Large animal models enable the use of clinical techniques and technologies to assess progression and diagnose failure, but the existing large animal models of CTEPH have not been shown to replicate the functional consequences of the RV, i.e., RV failure. Here, we created a canine embolization model of CTEPH utilizing only microsphere injections, and we used a combination of right heart catheterization (RHC), echocardiography (echo), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify RV function. Over the course of several months, CTEPH led to a 6-fold increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in four adult, male beagles. As evidenced by decreased cardiac index (0.12 ± 0.01 v. 0.07 ± 0.01 [L/(min*kg)]; p < 0.05), ejection fraction (0.48 ± 0.02 v. 0.31 ± 0.02; p < 0.05), and ventricular-vascular coupling ratio (0.95 ± 0.09 v. 0.45 ± 0.05; p < 0.05), as well as decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (1.37 ± 0.06 v. 0.86 ± 0.05 [cm]; p < 0.05) and increased end-diastolic volume index (2.73 ± 0.06 v. 2.98 ± 0.02 [mL/kg]; p < 0.05), the model caused RV failure. The ability of this large animal CTEPH model to replicate the hemodynamic consequences of the human disease suggests that it could be utilized for future studies to gain insight into the pathophysiology of CTEPH development, following further optimization.
Index of geoaccumulation and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the Serra Pelada gold mine

The concentration and spatial distribution of many potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have not been studied in the mining areas of tropical soils in the Amazon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and spatial distribution of Al, Bi, Fe, Li, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, and V in an area influenced by artisanal gold (Au) mining and chemical attributes related to soil fertility. The study area is located in Serra Pelada, on the east bank of the Brazilian Amazon, in the state of Para. A total of 104 soil samples were collected with different forms of use: residential areas, agricultural, forest, and mining areas. 0.5 g of soil previously sieved at 0.15 mm was weighed to determine the pseudo total contents of the PTEs. The soil was mixed to 9 mL of concentrated HNO3 and to 3 mL of concentrated HCl; then, this solution was digested in microwave according to the EPA method 3051A (Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste 1–30, 2007). The digested extracts were filtered on blue filter paper and diluted with ultrapure water to the final volume of 50 mL. The pseudo total contents of Al, Bi, Fe, Li, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, and V were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The pseudo total concentrations of Al, Bi, Fe, Li, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, and V were high, considering the natural occurrence in the soils. The levels of Li, Sn, Sr, Te, and V did not differ between them as forms of soil use, while the levels of Al, Bi, Fe, and Ti were higher in residential and/or agricultural areas. The spatial distribution maps of the elements showed that the material removed from the pit is not a major source of contamination. In the residential areas, the exploitation of the Au in the backyards provided greater surface accumulation. The accumulated geography index shown by Bi, Li, Sn, Sr, and Te varied from moderately contaminated to highly contaminated. The pseudo total contents of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are high, characterizing a scenario of diffuse contamination and geoaccumulation of Bi, Li, Sn, Sr, and Te caused by anthropogenic activities. The mine pit opened during the initial exploration of the mine is not the only one contaminated by PTEs, the exploitation of tailings, backyards, and agricultural areas were other forms of environmental contamination.
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE CONSTRUCTIONS

There are several methods given for constructing the Sierpinski Triangle (ST). In particular, the ST can be created as a countably infinite intersection of contained figures, or as the countably in...
Survey of Memory, Timing, and Power Management Verification Methods for Multi-core Processors

Currently, the most significant challenge multicore design engineers face is improving the performance of multiprocessors while decreasing the power consumption. Multi-core systems provide a good solution to the increasing high computing applications that need performance boost. However, a good multi-core processor requires thorough and efficient verification procedures. We present a survey on verification techniques for multi-core systems specifically targeting memory, timing, and power management schemes. For memory verification we look into structural simulation-based verification for register arrays, co-simulation techniques, threaded core memory model, symbolic trajectory evaluation for memory arrays, hardware logic emulation, graph model of cache hierarchy and assertion-based simulation schemes. Furthermore, we look into post-silicon verification techniques using the inverse of an instruction and a specific method called DACOTA. For timing verification, we cover three categories of verification: full integration, temporal isolation, and interference effects on schedulability. For dynamic power management schemes, we cover statistical model checking, probabilistic model checking, fractal design verification, and verification for schemes that are interwoven in hardware and software. These verification techniques are tested on the following power management schemes: dynamic voltage and frequency scaling , power gating, and fractal design.
Applicability of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and severe sepsis definitions to late onset infections in a quaternary NICU

Background: Sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence and unique presentation, criteria for SIRS and severe sepsis have not been developed in infants. As a result, definitions are often adapted from those established for older pediatric patients. There are no studies examining the performance of these definitions in infants with late onset infections. Aim To characterize patients with late onset infections in a Level 4 NICU meeting criteria for SIRS …
Joint and connective tissue disorders

Abstract Long-term obesity also affects the musculoskeletal system, mostly the joints, bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Obesity damages the load-bearing tendons such as the patellar, Achilles, and plantar fascia. Obesity may also result in dislocations of the knee and causes multiple torn ligaments. Obesity may additionally be linked to chronic plantar heel pain. There are several different types of joints in the body. The synovial joints allow for motion, including flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction. These joints are divided into the ball and socket joints of the shoulders and hips, the hinge joints of the elbows and knees, the pivot joints of the atlas and axis, the condyloid joints of the wrists, the saddle joints of the thumbs, and the gliding joints of the fingers. The joints are affected by a variety of diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and those of the vertebral column, often resulting in low back pain. Obesity is also linked to deteriorating bone density and muscle mass, resulting in a greater risk of falling and bone fractures. With obesity the adipocytes release bioactive peptides that affect connective tissues and damage their structure.
Estimating the Variance of SAR in a 3D Human Head Model Using Stochastic FDTD

In this work, the variance of specific absorption rate (SAR) in a 3-D anatomical model of the human head is estimated using the stochastic finite difference time domain (S-FDTD) method. A half wave dipole antenna is placed in the near field of the ear at 835 MHz. The conductivity and permittivity of the head tissues are presumed to be varying randomly. The obtained results show that these statistical variations can significantly vary the magnitude of SAR.
The Language and Tradition of Our Fathers: Some Latter-Day Saint Thoughts on Community and Identity

This paper was presented as part of a conference on “Faith in a Secular Age” at Brigham Young University focused on the thought of Charles Taylor. As Taylor points out, in modern, secular societies, it is common to experience community as a threat to identity. This sense is driven in large part by common models of the self. Modernity offers us at least three models of the self: the self as a bearer of rights, the self as a fount of authenticity, and the self as a demander of recognition. For my purposes what makes them interesting is that all three of these models define the self in a way that makes community particularly threatening to identity. For all of their truth, these models all suffer from conceptual failures. They do not fully or properly appreciate the role of communities in making identity possible. The Latter-day Saint tradition, I argue, offers a more productive and realistic way of living as individuals in community. My claim isn’t triumphalist. Latter-day Saint thought and scripture do not offer a clear or simple answer to the conundrums of identity and community. The Book of Mormon, however, gives us one potentially useful way of orienting ourselves towards this problem. It suggests two ways in which community constitutes identity. One, which it labels “tradition,” involves a static reception of an identity defined in terms of political resentments. The other, which it labels “language,” sees community as providing resources from which we dynamically fashion identity. The normative divide between these approaches, however, does not break down into a tradition-bad, language-good dichotomy. Rather, for the Book of Mormon the moral fulcrum of our identity lies beyond the self in the demands of Christian charity.
Serine 182 on RORγt regulates T helper 17 and regulatory T cell functions to resolve inflammation

Unresolved inflammation causes tissue damage and contributes to autoimmune conditions. However, the molecules and mechanisms controlling T cell-mediated inflammation remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report an unexpected role of the RAR-Related Orphan Receptor-gamma protein (ROR{gamma}t) in resolving tissue inflammation. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved serine 182 residue on ROR{gamma}t (ROR{gamma}tS182) is critical for restricting IL-1{beta}-mediated Th17 activities and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production in ROR{gamma}t+ Treg cells in inflamed tissues. Phospho-null ROR{gamma}tS182A knock-in mice experienced delayed recovery and succumbed to exacerbate diseases after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) challenge. Together, these results highlight the essential role of ROR{gamma}tS182 in resolving T cell-mediated tissue inflammation, providing a potential therapeutic target to combat autoimmune diseases. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=172 SRC="FIGDIR/small/444071v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (29K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ef965borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1784b83org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a5b566org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1283dec_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Serine 182 on ROR{gamma}t limits T cell mediated intestine and central nervous system inflammation. HighlightsO_LISingle-cell RNA-seq of the colonic lamina propria reveals CD4+ T cell heterogeneity under steady state and during dextran sulfate induced colitis. C_LIO_LIThe master transcription factor ROR{gamma}t of Th17 and Treg cell functions is phosphorylated at serine 182. C_LIO_LISerine 182 on ROR{gamma}t represses IL-1{beta}-induced IL-17A production in in Th17 cells and potentiates IL-10 production in colonic LT-like Treg cells. C_LIO_LIPhospho-null ROR{gamma}tS182A mice succumb to exacerbate inflammation when challenged in models of colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. C_LI
Early Detection of Tau Pathology

While a definitive Alzheimer9s disease (AD) diagnosis remains a post-mortem exercise, the ATN Research Framework proposed by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer9s Association utilizes a score representing the presence of amyloid deposits (A), tau deposits (T) and neuronal degeneration markers (N), with A+T+ necessary for a positive diagnosis. Current detection of tau pathology lags amyloid detection by years and by the time both markers are detected the disease is fairly advanced. We describe the development of a new generation of molecular imaging probes for in vivo detection of cells undergoing abnormal phosphorylation representing the initial stages of pTau pathology, potentially enabling a very early stage diagnosis of AD. We describe a novel nanoparticle formulation that binds such abnormally phosphorylating cells in a mouse model of tau pathology, enabling in vivo visualization of the hyperphosphorylative state by magnetic resonance imaging. Our results demonstrate the potential of this novel platform to identify a correlative marker signifying the development of future tau pathology, and has implications for early-stage diagnosis of Alzheimer9s disease.
Von der Idee zur Umsetzung – ein Beispiel aus der Praxis

Das Kapitel liefert eine Best Practice, wie aus einem Geschaftsplan im Jahr 2009 ein eigener Dienstleistungsbereich entwickelt wurde. Die Herausforderungen der Transformation von einem Komponentenhersteller zu einem Losungsanbieter mit einem Dienstleistungsangebot werden dabei ebenso beschrieben wie Erfahrungen, die bei der Personal- und Dienstleistungsentwicklung sowie dem Vertrieb von Dienstleistungen gemacht wurden. Die Best Practice versteht sich als Erganzung zu den anderen Kapiteln in diesem Buch.
When Individuals Form Teams: Experimental Evidence Regarding Links Among Monetary Incentives, Stress, Effort, Attractiveness and Performance

This study extends research on the determinants of performance by examining the effect of compensation scheme and perceptions of task attractiveness on team performance. In a laboratory experiment all participants completed a cognitively difficult task both individually and in teams of three individuals. Both individuals and teams were asked to self-report their perceptions of the task’s attractiveness before and after completing the task for compensation, and were compensated for their task performance using one of two compensation schemes: fixed-wage or incentive-based. All links in the theoretical model were supported. Team results provide support for links between Compensation and Stress; Effort and Performance; Attractiveness and Effort; and finally, between Stress and Change in Attractiveness. Individual results provide support for links between Compensation and Stress; Stress and Effort; Effort and Performance; Attractiveness and Performance; Compensation and Change in Attractiveness; Stress and Change in Attractiveness; and finally, between Change in Attractiveness and Performance. Additionally, we find evidence that Attractiveness is a more important determinant of Effort and Performance in the absence of incentive-based compensation.
Internet, sex and the

Internet sex, or what is sometimes called “cybersex” can be experienced in a variety of forms, largely dependent on the medium through which sex and desire is expressed in communicative computer-mediated environments. Although they can be combined, the basic forms are detailed: text, image, voice, webcam, and avatar Internet sex. Some empirical studies of Internet sex have focused on dynamics of the body and self, others have focused on gender. Most of the published scholarship, however, has focused on Internet sex as a social problem. While problems are certainly evident, these expressed concerns might be considered moral panic, and are historically traced with many communication technologies over the past century. In either case, understanding Internet sex as a problem inhibits understandings of how people use technologies for erotic purposes. Keywords: cybersex; Internet sex; moral panic; technology; technosexuality
Contextualizing father involvement and paternal influence: Sociological and qualitative themes.

SUMMARY We clarify the basic features of a sociological perspective as it relates to the study of fathers' involvement with, and influence on, their children. Our analysis emphasizes the dynamic interplay between social structures and processes at the macro, meso, and micro levels while focusing on social psychological issues. We examine (a) the social, organizational, and cultural contexts for fathering, (b) fathers' social capital contributions, (c) the construction and maintenance of father identities, and (d) fathering as a co-constructed accomplishment. These foci draw attention to how father involvement is affected by race, gender, economic considerations and a father's relationships with his child's mother and others in the community. We also examine how reflected appraisals of others may affect how a man perceives himself as a father. Relying heavily on qualitative approaches such as in-depth interviews, discourse analysis, interpretive practice, narrative practice, and dramaturgy, we suggest a nu...
Intrinsic factors influencing the maintenance of contractile embryonic heart cells in vitro: I. The heart muscle conditioned medium effect☆

Abstract Dissociated heart muscle cells from 7-day chicken embryos were cultured at low density in a conditioned medium prepared by incubating heart muscle fragments in a chemically defined medium. Higher proportions of contracting cells were seen in conditioned medium than in either chemically defined or serum containing media in both short term (24 h) and long term (36 days) cultures. Conditioned medium also maintained contractile activity for longer periods (26% at 36 days) than did serum containing medium (0% at 28 days). Improved survival and spreading on glass were also a feature of culture in heart conditioned medium. Two factors appear to be present in the conditioned medium which affect contraction and spreading independently. These factors were operative even at dilutions of 1:600 and arise during the conditioning process by some mechanism other than cell death.
The synthesis of a 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin-agarose adsorbent and its utility in the purification of ribonucleotide reductase.

Abstract A 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin-agarose adsorbent has been prepared for the purification by affinity chromatography of enzymes which require 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin as a coenzyme. The synthesis involved the covalent attachment of cyanocobalamin to agarose through a 12 carbon chain. This hydrocarbon chain was attached to the corrin nucleus by reacting diaminododecane with cyanocobalamin e-carboxylic acid in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide. The substituted cobalamin was then coupled to agarose "activated" by cyanogen bromide. The complex was reduced with chromous chloride and reacted with 5'-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-adenosine to yield the desired adsorbent. This adsorbent has been successfully used in the purification of ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii, which requires 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin as a coenzyme. Ribonucleotide reductase is retained by the adsorbent if it is applied in the presence of a dithiol and an allosteric effector. The enzyme is readily eluted with a solution containing only buffer and dithiol.
Spectator Sport and Population Health: A Scoping Study

This article examines the current state of research regarding the effect of spectator sport on population health. We conducted a scoping study that involved a comprehensive search of published and gray literature between 1990 and 2014, and identified 135 studies empirically examining the effect of spectator sport on population health. A frequency analysis shows that there is a paucity of studies on this topic published in sport management journals. A thematic analysis further reveals that the reviewed studies can be classified into nine research themes depicting the relationships among certain categories of spectator sport and population health. Based on this scoping study, we develop a framework and identify several gaps in the literature that should be addressed to advance our understanding of the relationship between spectator sport and population health.
Characterization of poliovirus clones containing lethal and nonlethal mutations in the genome-linked protein VPg

Viral RNA synthesis was assayed in HeLa cells transfected with nonviable poliovirus RNA mutated in the genome-linked protein VPg-coding region. The transfecting RNA was transcribed in vitro from full-length poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) cDNA containing a VPg mutagenesis cartridge. Hybridization experiments using ribonucleotide probes specific for the 3' end of positive- and negative-sense poliovirus RNA indicated that all mutant RNAs encoding a linking tyrosine in position 3 or 4 of VPg were replicated even though no virus was produced. VPg, but no VPg precursor, was found to be linked to the 5' end of the newly synthesized RNA. Encapsidated mutant RNAs were not found in transfected-cell lysates. After extended maintenance of transfected HeLa cells, a viable revertant of one of the nonviable RNAs was recovered; the revertant lost the lethal lesion in VPg by restoring the wild-type amino acid, but it retained all other nucleotide changes introduced during construction of the mutagenesis cartridge. Mutant RNA encoding phenylalanine or serine rather than tyrosine, the linking amino acid in VPg, was not replicated in transfected cells. A chimeric mutant containing the VPg-coding region of coxsackievirus within the poliovirus genome was viable but displayed impaired multiplication. A poliovirus-coxsackievirus chimera lacking a linking tyrosine in VPg was nonviable and replication-negative. The results indicate that a linkage-competent VPg is necessary for poliovirus RNA synthesis to occur but that a step in poliovirus replication other than initiation of RNA synthesis can be interrupted by lethal mutations in VPg.