cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Independent Living Needs Among Emancipating Foster Youth

This study used a mixed methods approach to assess the independent living services needs of emancipating foster youth in Lucas County (Toledo), Ohio. It included (a) an examination of administrative client data from the Lucas County Department of Children Services (LCCS) Independent Living Program; (b) focus groups with current and former foster youth; and, (c) a self-administered survey of public and private agency transitional and independent living service providers. Both the focus group participants and the service providers identified what they perceived to be the needs of emancipating foster youth. Focus group members also displayed a lack of awareness of existing independent living resources in the community, and limited interest in post-emancipation support services. The results were used to generate ten recommendations for LCCS, community service providers, and philanthropic funders.
HRMS directly from TLC slides. A powerful tool for rapid analysis of organic mixtures.

High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) of individual spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) slides can now be obtained quickly and easily at atmospheric pressure, with zero sample preparation, using commercially available instrumentation. The method is complementary to GC−mass spectrometry but is not limited to compounds of high volatility and high thermal stability. TLC−HRMS can be used to monitor chemical reactions in real time and has the capacity thereby to accelerate significantly the pace of synthetic organic chemistry.
The clinical and cytogenetic significance of C-banding on chromosome #9 in patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia

The C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9 in 18 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) translocation between chromosomes #9 and #22 was examined using C- and Q-banding techniques on the same metaphases and the classification proposed by Patil and Lubs [1]. The C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9 in CML was found not to differ in leukemic cells with the Ph1 and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes without the Ph1 and to have a clonal origin, i.e., to arise from a single cell in which the Ph1 translocation has taken place. A comparison of the C-band polymorphism of chromosome #9, survival after diagnosis of the disease, and abnormal chromosomes in addition to the Ph1 indicates some interesting aspects. Patients with the smallest C-band (level 1) on chromosome #9 not involved in the Ph1 translocation and with a relatively large C-band (level 2) on chromosome #9 with the Ph1 translocation (C9-1,2) tend to have no clonal evolution and short survival after diagnosis of the disease. On the other hand, patients with other types of C-band patterns tend to have evidence of clonal evolution and long survival. This study suggests that the C-banding pattern in Ph1-positive CML might be utilized as a prognostic parameter in the disease and that the C-segment might have biological activity.
On the average separation energy of strongly bound nucleons

Abstract The separation energy of a strongly bound nucleon from a light or medium-weight nucleus has been calculated in terms of a general two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction potential. It is assumed that the nuclear wave function can be approximated by a linear combination of a few Slater determinants. Single-particle wave functions are approximated by harmonic oscillator wave functions. Simple formulae, which contain only a few potential matrix elements, are derived for the separation energies and numerical results are presented for several choices of the nucleon-nucleon interaction potential.
An Assessment of a Property Analyzer Model in Predicting Adaptation Patterns of Simple and Complex Figures

Selective adaptation patterns of simple contours and geometrical illusions under monocular stimulation were studied with five subjects. A strict property analyzer model predicted that adaptation patterns would mirror figural contours of both types of forms. The results supported this hypothesis: the geometrical illusions generated adaptation patterns reflecting their physical stimulus properties rather than the illusory percept resulting from contextual juxtaposition. The results are discussed with respect to a model of feature extraction which assumes that property analyzers possess a sensitivity bandwidth.
Till Death Do Us Part or I Get My Pension? Wives' Pension Holding and Marital Dissolution in the United States

Wives’ financial independence gained from their pension may increase the risk of marital dissolution, especially when wives are approaching retirement age (the older wives’ independence hypothesis). Applying single and simultaneous equations probit models to data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate the effect of wives’ pension holding in 1984 on the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. Results from the single equation model appear to support the older wives’ independence hypothesis. However, results from the simultaneous equations model suggest that interpreting the single equation results as a sign of older wives’ economic independence may be misleading.
Stress systems in a rectangular plate

In this paper, the problem of a rectangular plate under general self-equilibrant edge tractions is solved by the method of images. The edge tractions are decomposed into four systems. When the boundary conditions in each system are satisfied, the solution is reduced to a set of linear equations, which can be solved by the method of successive approximations. Finally, the solution is illustrated by numerical examples. The effect of truncation of the set of equations is also investigated.
Effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on cocaine self-administration in rats

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on cocaine self-administration in rats. Pretreatment with GBR 12909 (1–5.6 mg/kg, IV), a dopamine-selective reuptake inhibitor, produced a dose-dependent and large reduction in the self-administration of cocaine (1 mg/kg/infusion). The 3- and 5.6-mg/kg doses of GBR 12909 produced downward shifts in the dose-response curves for cocaine (0.3–3 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration. Unlike GBR 12909, the norepinephrine-selective reuptake inhibitors, desipramine and nisoxetine, at a 10-mg/kg dose produced small, but significant, reductions in the self-administration of cocaine (1 mg/kg/infusion). The 10-mg/kg dose of fluoxetine, a serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor, produced a small, but not significant, reduction in the self-administration of cocaine. The 10-mg/kg dose of desipramine, nisoxetine, or fluoxetine produced brief respiratory distress and motor abnormalities immediately following IV injections, thereby suggesting that this dose is close to the toxic range for all three drugs. Desipramine, nisoxetine, or fluoxetine at nontoxic doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg had no significant effects on cocaine self-administration. These data indicate that the acute enhancement of endogenous dopaminerigc activity by pretreatment with dopamine reuptake inhibitor reduces the total intake of cocaine, thus supporting the hypothesis that the dopamine is critically involved in the reinforcing properties of cocaine. The data also suggest that the acute enhancements in the endogenous norepinephrine or serotonin systems by nontoxic doses of norepinephrine- or serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors do not appear to alter the reinforcing properties of cocaine.
Operational criteria for adverse drug reactions in evaluating suspected toxicity of a popular scabicide

A recently developed algorithm for the diagnosis of adverse drug reaction (ADR) was used to investigate the quality of evidence in reported cases of ADRs to 1% gamma benzene hexachloride (GBH), a popular scabicide and pediculicide currently under suspicion as a cause of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, especially in children. Of the 53 reported cases of alleged toxicity, 37 were associated with lindane insecticide (greater than 1% GBH), which is not a pharmaceutical preparation. Of these 37 cases, 34 scored as definite or probable reactions on the algorithm. Of the 26 reports associated with the drug, 1% GBH, none scored as definite and only 6 as probable ADRs. Of these 6 probable cases, 5 represented inappropriate application or unintended ingestion. The use of rigorous operational criteria, such as those developed in this algorithm, permits a scientifically disciplined assessment of whether or not a drug has been fairly indicted, and also provides valuable clinical information about other aspects of suspected drug toxicity.
Effect of bounded noise on chaotic motion of a triple-well potential system

Abstract The chaotic behavior of Duffing oscillator possessing both homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits and subjected to harmonic and bounded noise excitations is investigated. By means of the random Melnikov technique together with associated mean-square criterion, necessary conditions for onset of chaos resulting from homoclinic or heteroclinic bifurcation are derived semi-analytically. The results reveal that for larger noise intensity the threshold amplitude of bounded noise for onset of chaos will move upward as the noise intensity increases, which is further verified by the top Lyapunov exponents of the system. Thus the larger the noise intensity results in the less possible chaotic domain in parameter space. The effects of bounded noise on Poincare maps of the system responses are also discussed, together with the numerical simulation of the top Lyapunov exponents.
AMPA receptor mediated behavioral plasticity in the isolated rat spinal cord

Previous research has demonstrated that the spinal cord is capable of a simple form of instrumental learning. Spinally transected rats that receive shock to a hind leg in an extended position quickly learn to maintain the leg in a flexed position, reducing net shock exposure whenever that leg is flexed. Subjects that receive shock independent of leg position (uncontrollable shock) do not exhibit an increase in flexion duration and later fail to learn when tested with controllable shock (learning deficit). The present study examined the role of the ionotropic glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in spinal learning. Intrathecal application of the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX disrupted performance of a spinal instrumental learning in a dose dependent fashion (Experiment 1). CNQX also disrupted the maintenance of the instrumental response (Experiment 2) and blocked the induction of the learning deficit (Experiment 3). Intrathecal application of the agonist AMPA had a non-monotonic effect, producing a slight facilitation of performance at a low dose and disrupting learning at a high concentration (Experiment 4). Within the dose range tested, intrathecal application of AMPA did not have a long-term effect (Experiment 5). The results suggest that AMPA-mediated transmission plays an essential role in both instrumental learning and the induction of the learning deficit.
Experimental Tests for Heritable Morphological Color Plasticity in Non-Native Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations

The success of invasive species is frequently attributed to phenotypic plasticity, which facilitates persistence in novel environments. Here we report on experimental tests to determine whether the intensity of cryptic coloration patterns in a global invader (brown trout, Salmo trutta) was primarily the result of plasticity or heritable variation. Juvenile F1 offspring were created through experimental crosses of wild-caught parents and reared for 30 days in the laboratory in a split-brood design on either light or dark-colored gravel substrate. Skin and fin coloration quantified with digital photography and image analysis indicated strong plastic effects in response to substrate color; individuals reared on dark substrate had both darker melanin-based skin color and carotenoid-based fin colors than other members of their population reared on light substrate. Slopes of skin and fin color reaction norms were parallel between environments, which is not consistent with heritable population-level plasticity to substrate color. Similarly, we observed weak differences in population-level color within an environment, again suggesting little genetic control on the intensity of skin and fin colors. Taken as whole, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity may have facilitated the success of brown trout invasions and suggests that plasticity is the most likely explanation for the variation in color intensity observed among these populations in nature.
Attributes of tinnitus and the acceptance of masking

Various characteristics of tinnitus were surveyed to determine whether they were associated with the acceptance of masking, which is used as a relief procedure for tinnitus. The characteristics considered were duration, loudness match, minimum masking level, and residual inhibition. Data for the characteristics of tinnitus were obtained from the Tinnitus Data Registry at the Oregon Hearing Research Center, which contains information on 784 tinnitus patients. The acceptance of masking was determined by each individual patient based on actual tests with wearable masking units. Variations in the individual characteristics listed above were not found to be significantly associated with the acceptance of masking and thus should not be used a priori to deny patients the opportunity for possible relief of their tinnitus. A masking indicator was found to be significantly (P = .03) associated with the acceptance of masking. This masking indicator is obtained by subtracting the loudness match of the tinnitus from the minimum masking level. When the masking indicator was 10 dB or less, the acceptance of masking was in excess of 50%. The data presented may help to dispel some current misconceptions about the masking of tinnitus.
Physical Structure and Inversion Charge at a Semiconductor Interface with a Crystalline Oxide

We show that the physical and electrical structure and hence the inversion charge for crystalline oxides on semiconductors can be understood and systematically manipulated at the atomic level. Heterojunction band offset and alignment are adjusted by atomic-level structural and chemical changes, resulting in the demonstration of an electrical interface between a polar oxide and a semiconductor free of interface charge. In a broader sense, we take the metal oxide semiconductor device to a new and prominent position in the solid-state electronics timeline. It can now be extensively developed using an entirely new physical system: the crystalline oxides-on-semiconductors interface.
Federal regulation of border labor: Operation wetback and the wetback bills

A major United States federal government program to regulate the flow of undocumented workers into the United States-Mexico border region was undertaken in 1954. This program, pushed forward by the Department of Justice (DOJ), was carried out through an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) roundup called Operation Wetback, and a DOJ sponsored legislative package titled S. 3660 and S. 3661, popularly known in Congress as the Wetback Bills (Garcia 1980, Langham 1984). Operation Wetback was begun along the California-Arizona border, then moved to the South Texas border, and was finally completed in Chicago. This roundup resulted in an unprecedented expulsion of about 200,000 Mexican undocumented workers, most of them along the international line. During this same period, the Wetback Bills were introduced into Congress. S. 3660 called for sanctions against employers and S. 3661 required seizure of vehicles used to transport undocumented workers. Neither bill was enacted into law. Still the roundup, along with the proposed legislation, signaled dramatic changes in U.S. immigration enforcement policy, especially along the border. The government's enforcement program greatly surprised not only Mexican undocumented workers but also U.S. agricultural employers. Employers in southern and central California, western Arizona and South Texas used large numbers of undocumented workers. They had for a long time depended on undocumented workers to supply cheap labor to plant and harvest crops. The INS targeted these agricultural employers for the roundup. Historically the INS and the employers had enjoyed a tacit "gentleman's agreement" in which undocumented workers were often allowed to do seasonal agricultural work without worry about apprehension. This off-the-record agreement had worked since the 1920s (Craig 1971, Reisler 1976). In light of this longstanding working agreement, why in 1954 did the government carry out Operation Wetback and propose the Wetback Bills? This article will attempt to answer this question through examination of (1) relationships between government, workers and employers, and immigration, (2) the larger historical context leading up to the enforcement program, and (3) the actual events surrounding it. This article will additionally assess the impact of the government's policy in 1954; examining how it affected Mexican immigration flow up through the adoption of the Immigration and Control Act of 1986. What emerges is a better understanding of why the government embarked on its new policy in 1954, and what it signaled for the future of federal action concerning undocumented immigration across the border.
On linear matrix differential equations

Abstract If F ( z ) ≠ 0 is a holomorphic function on a connected open subset U of the complex plane, it is easily shown that F satisfies a homogeneous linear differential equation of order n on U with leading coefficient 1 if and only if all the zeros of F have order less than n . This theorem will be generalized to holomorphic m × n matrix valued functions defined on connected open subsets U of the complex plane.
Coordinate regulation of bacterial virulence genes by a novel adenylate cyclase-dependent signaling pathway

Type III secretion systems (TTSSs) are utilized by numerous bacterial pathogens to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. Using a whole-genome microarray, we investigated the conditions and regulatory factors that control the expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa TTSS. The transcriptional response of known TTSS genes indicates a hierarchical pattern of expression in which a set of secretion apparatus and regulatory genes is constitutively expressed. Further analysis of genes coordinately regulated with those encoding the TTSS led to the identification of a signaling pathway that originates from a membrane-associated adenylate cyclase and controls TTSS gene expression. Transcriptome analysis of mutants lacking the ability to synthesize cAMP or the cAMP binding protein Vfr implicated this pathway in the global regulation of host-directed virulence determinants, including the TTSS.
Active Site Amino Acids That Participate in the Catalytic Mechanism of Nucleoside 2′-Deoxyribosyltransferase

The importance of eight nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase residues for catalysis was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Each residue was selected because of its proximity to nucleophile Glu-98 or on its potential contribution to intrinsic protein fluorescence. Mutation of Asp-72, Asp-92, Tyr-7, Trp-12, and Met-125 resulted in over a 90% activity loss whereas mutation of Tyr-157, Trp-64, and Trp-127 produced less than a 80% activity loss. The magnitude of the perturbation on catalysis by mutation, however, was dependent on donor substrate. The kcat values for dIno hydrolysis by these mutants were greater than 25% of that for native enzyme. Although mutant and native enzymes bound substrate analogues with comparable affinities, Km values for dIno hydrolysis varied over a 1000-fold range. The pH dependence of Glu-98 esterification by dCyd suggested that amino acids with pK values of 4.2 and 7.5 were relevant for catalysis. The intrinsic protein fluorescence was attributed primarily to Trp-127 (approximately 80%). Pre-steady-state kinetic parameters for deoxyribosylation of mutant enzymes by dCyd, dThd, and dAdo were determined by monitoring changes in enzyme fluorescence. Collectively, results from mutagenesis suggest that, depending upon substrate, either Asp-92 or Asp-72 functions as the general acid catalyst, and that this enzyme undergoes a change in conformation upon Glu-98 deoxyribosylation.
Magnetization-Dependent T c Shift in Ferromagnet/Superconductor/Ferromagnet Trilayers with a Strong Ferromagnet

We have measured the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of $\mathrm{Ni}/\mathrm{Nb}/\mathrm{Ni}$ trilayers when the magnetizations of the two outer Ni layers are parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP). The largest difference in ${T}_{c}$ occurs when the Nb thickness is just above the critical thickness at which superconductivity disappears completely. We have observed a difference in ${T}_{c}$ between the P and AP states as large as 41 mK---a significant increase over earlier results in samples with higher ${T}_{c}$ and with a CuNi alloy in place of the Ni. Our result also demonstrates that strong elemental ferromagnets are promising candidates for future investigations of ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures.
Scheduled cesarean delivery and the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission: a survey of practicing obstetricians.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize practice patterns among obstetrician-gynecologists with respect to delivery for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women, following publication of the 1999 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee Opinion regarding scheduled cesarean delivery for HIV-infected patients. METHODS: A 25-question, multiple-choice survey was mailed to 2000 randomly selected obstetrician-gynecologists: 1000 maternal-fetal medicine specialists and 1000 general obstetrician-gynecologists. Mailing addresses were obtained from the 1999-2000 editions of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and ACOG membership directories. Information was requested about general perceptions of the 1999 ACOG Committee Opinion and about practice patterns with respect to management of HIV disease in pregnancy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. Any P values <.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: After a single mailing we received 512 responses (25.6%), including 433 (43%) from SMFM members and 79 (8%) from ACOG members. Among the respondents, 47% disagreed with the current scientific validity of the 1999 ACOG Committee Opinion recommendation to offer cesarean delivery to all HIV-seropositive pregnant women. No statistically significant differences were detected in the demographic profiles, years of experience, or practice settings of participants who agreed with the scientific validity when compared to those who did not. Most respondents used viral load detection (87%) monitored on a trimester basis (67%) for clinical management decisions. Most practitioners (72%) do not recommend cesarean delivery for women who are compliant with antiretroviral therapy and who have undetectable viral loads regardless of CD4 counts. However, most practitioners (67%) do recommend cesarean delivery for those compliant women with detectable viral loads, irrespective of CD4 counts (67%). CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable disagreement among practicing obstetricians with respect to the 1999 ACOG Committee Opinion recommendation to offer cesarean delivery to all HIV-seropositive women. Most physicians use viral load detection to assist with the counseling in delivery options for HIV-infected pregnant women.
Binding of Thyroid Hormones in Vivo by Hepatic Nuclei of Rana catesbeiana Tadpoles at Different Stages of Metamorphosis

Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated, using in vivo techniques, that hepatic nuclei from premetamorphic Rana catesbeiana tadpoles contain high affinity, low capacity binding sites for thyroid hormone (1). It was postulated that these sites are hormone receptors (1). Similar techniques were used in the present study to investigate the number and properties of these putative receptors during prometamorphosis and metamorphic climax. No significant differences were observed in either the dissociation constants (Kd) or the maximum binding capacities (MBC) of the T3-binding sites in hepatic nuclei from pre- and prometamorphic tadpoles, indicating that there was no change in either the number or affinity of the sites during these developmental stages. Furthermore, it was estimated that the sites were only partly occupied with endogenous hormone before developmental stage XX. In contrast, binding of [125I]T3 or T4 to saturable sites decreased to insignificant levels during metamorphic climax. However, it ...
Privacy in the workplace in perspective

Abstract This analysis examines the current state of privacy in the workplace as well as how the issue has developed over the last century. Of special interest is the seminal work of the U.S. Privacy Protection Commission which studied the subject extensively in the late 1970s. Nearly twenty years after the Commission submitted its report and recommendations urging business to voluntarily adopt privacy safeguards for its employment-related records, a new study shows that too many of the nation's largest industrial corporations still do not have adequate policies to protect sensitive confidential employee data from possible abuse. A set of fair information practices is presented for voluntary corporate adoption. The practices could also serve as the basis for future legislation mandating private sector action.
Human T cell leukemia virus type III antibody, lymphadenopathy, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in hemophiliac subjects. Results of a prospective study

A cohort of 63 hemophiliac subjects was followed for clinical and immunologic abnormalities related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). When evaluated in early 1984, antibody to human T cell leukemia virus type III (HTLV-III) was detected in the serum of 59 percent (24 of 41) of factor VIII or IX concentrate recipients, but in none (0 of six) of the cryoprecipitate/fresh frozen plasma recipients. HTLV-III-seropositive hemophiliac subjects, on average, had been exposed to twice as much concentrate during the previous year as seronegative hemophiliac subjects. The seropositive group had a significantly lower mean helper/suppressor T cell ratio and absolute helper T cell level than the seronegative group. By early 1984, 13 hemophiliac subjects in the study population had lymphadenopathy and one had AIDS. Antibody to HTLV-III was detected in the serum of 13 of these 14 hemophiliac subjects with overt clinical disease. The prevalence of lymphadenopathy or AIDS among HTLV-III-seropositive hemophiliac subjects was 54 percent (13 of 24). It is concluded that HTLV-III antibody occurs with high frequency in hemophiliac subjects, and is related to the amount of factor VIII or IX concentrate infused. Over half of HTLV-III-seropositive hemophiliac subjects in this population had overt clinical disease with either lymphadenopathy or AIDS.
Autologous bone marrow concentrate: review and application of a novel intra-articular orthobiologic for cartilage disease.

Younger adults, aged 65 years; however, the limited long-term durability of implanted prostheses decreases the preference of using such methods in more active patients aged < 65 years. The potential of cell-based orthobiologic injection therapies (pertaining to therapeutic injectables that aim to restore the biologic environment and/or structural components of diseased or damaged musculoskeletal tissue) is of tremendous interest for younger, more active patients, and is even more appealing in that such therapy can be delivered at point-of-care in the clinic during an office visit. Notably, the exponential rate of progress in biotechnology has allowed for immediate application of myriad novel therapies prior to clear evidence of benefit from randomized clinical trials. Orthobiologic intra-articular injection therapies include HA and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We report on current, available findings for a third-generation intra-articular orthobiologic injectable therapy for cartilage disease, bone marrow concentrate (BMC). Bone marrow concentrate contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoetic stem cells, platelets (containing growth factors), and cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can facilitate regeneration of tissue. Additionally, BMSCs enhance the quality of cartilage repair by increasing aggrecan content and tissue firmness. Following bone marrow aspiration (BMA), BMC is easily prepared using centrifugation, and is available for a same-day procedure with minimal manipulation of cells, thus complying with US Food and Drug Association (FDA) restrictions. To date, there are no published randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of use of autologous BMC intra-articular injections performed as a same-day in-office procedure for treating patients with cartilage disease; however, several publications have reported the ease of use of this method, its strong safety profile, and the fundamental science suggesting great therapeutic potential.
Cylindrical object contact detection for use in discrete element method simulations. Part I ― Contact detection algorithms

This article is the first of two parts in which algorithms are presented concerning the contact detection between two cylinders, and a cylinder and a flat surface. This first part presents the equations for contact detection, contact location, contact overlap, and normal contact direction. The second part focuses on validation of the algorithm. These articles are the first to present validated algorithms and relations for all potential cylinder-plane and cylinder-cylinder contact scenarios (ten in all).
Toxic retinopathy following prolonged treatment with dl-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl) isopropylamine hydrochloride (P-1727) in experimental animals.

An amphetamine analog, P-1727, dl-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl) isopropylamine hydrochloride, has been shown to cause blood-vascular changes in the posterior compartment of the dog's eye on prolonged oral treatment. It is believed the resultant anoxia in the retinochoroid area produced degeneration of the visual receptors and a pigmentary proliferation. This phenomenon is related to dose and duration of treatment.
Using Emotional Intelligence in the Planning and Implementation of a Management Skills Course

This paper describes the planning and implementation of a management skills course for Doctor of Pharmacy students designed to foster their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence encompasses both personal and social competency (Goleman, 1998). Personal competence has to do with the ability to manage oneself, the ability to control one’s emotions, and the ability to motivate oneself. These include such characteristics as self-confidence, knowing one’s strengths and weaknesses, self-control of emotions, trust- worthiness, initiative, commitment, optimism and account- ability for one’s own performance. A review of emotional intelligence and its relationship to performance is discussed; then, a description of the planning and implementation of the management skills course is discussed, along with a description on how students were assessed. In addition, student feedback about the course is included. Results indicate that students’ emotional intelligence appeared to increase as a result of the management skills course.
Ultrastructural Observations of Experimental Naegleria Meningoencephalitis in Mice: Intranuclear Inclusions in Amebae and Host Cells*

SYNOPSIS. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis was experimentally produced in mice through intranasal instillation of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri. Experimental animals had a 64% mortality, with average time of onset of symptoms or death occurring on the 7–8th day following inoculation. Ultrastructural studies of the olfactory lobes from brains of dead (or sacrificed) animals revealed major concentrations of amebae in the perivascular regions; amebae were also seen to be under attack by host polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and in the lumina of blood vessels. Amebae in brain tissue contained 30 nm intranuclear particles arranged in clusters. In the brains of some mice, dead presumably as a result of amebic meningoencephalitis, particles and crystalloids were observed in the nuclei of degenerating cells of the central nervous system. Some alternatives are examined to explain a possible relationship between ameba intranuclear particles and mouse brain cell intranuclear inclusions.
Competing With Technology in the World Arena

Companies manage R&D in a number of ways: globally, multinationally, internationally, or transnationally. Each represents a different strategic approach to meet the bases of competition in an industry.
Nash-implementation of pareto correspondence in cooperative economies

Abstract This paper attempts to solve the free-rider problem in cooperative economies (e.g., labor-managed firms, partnership games). For a class of cooperative economies with homogeneous and observable labor inputs, a share-parametric mechanism is designed which Nash-implements the Pareto correspondence.
Original paper: Wireless tracking of cotton modules. Part 2: Automatic machine identification and system testing

The ability to map profit across a cotton field would enable producers to determine where money is being made or lost on their farms and to implement precise field management practices to facilitate the highest return possible on each portion of a field. Mapping profit requires knowledge of site-specific costs and revenues, including yield and price. Price varies site-specifically because fiber quality varies, so mapping fiber quality is an important component of profit mapping. To map fiber quality, the harvest location of individual cotton bales must be known, and thus a system to track the harvest location of cotton modules must be available. To this end, a wireless module-tracking system was recently developed, but automation of the system is required before it will find practical use on the farm. In Part 1 of this report, research to develop automatic triggering of wireless messages is described. In Part 2, research to enable the system to function with multiple harvesting machines of the same type in the same field - a common situation in commercial cotton farming - is described along with testing of the entire automated wireless module-tracking system (WMTS). An RFID system was incorporated, and it enabled the WMTS to correctly and consistently differentiate among various harvesting vehicles. The improved WMTS subsequently sent wireless messages to the correct machines when cotton transfers were made in the presence of multiple harvest machines. Overall testing proved that the automated WMTS worked largely as designed. When both complete and partial cotton basket dumps were simulated, the correct wireless-messaging decision was made 100% of the time.
Tourism and the treadmill of production: a cross-national analysis

This paper uses Schnaiberg’s theory of the treadmill of production (TOP) to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental degradation caused by Caribbean tourism. Tourism is estimated to be one of the world’s most rapidly growing economic sectors. While tourism can increase economic activity, problems arise when destinations that draw tourists in through their environmental appeal confront the industry’s ecologically destructive aspects. This paper uses fixed effects panel data methods to examine the relationship between FDI (theorized as the ‘engine’ of the tourism treadmill) and environmental damage caused by tourism. We hypothesize that higher levels of inbound FDI stocks are correlated with increased levels of environmental degradation, as measured by three variables, hotel rooms per square kilometer, primary energy consumption per capita and carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Results from all three models suggest that a relationship exists between the environmen...
Renormalization-group study of superfluidity and phase separation of helium mixtures immersed in a nonrandom aerogel

Superfluidity and phase separation in {sup 3}He-{sup 4}He mixtures immersed in a jungle-gym (nonrandom) aerogel are studied by renormalization-group theory. Phase diagrams are calculated for a variety of aerogel concentrations. Superfluidity at very low {sup 4}He concentrations and a depressed tricritical temperature are found at the onset of superfluidity. A superfluid-superfluid phase separation, terminating at an isolated critical point, is found entirely within the superfluid phase. These phenomena and trends with respect to aerogel concentration are explained by the connectivity and tenuousness of a jungle-gym aerogel. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Coagulation with Chitosan—An Aid to Recovery of By-Products from Egg Breaking Wastes

Abstract Egg breaking wastes were treated with 100–200 mg./l. chitosan, a by-product derived from shrimp and crab shells, and 2–20 mg./l. Betz 1130. Suspended solids in the wastewater were reduced by 70–90% and the COD by 55–75%. The yield of dry coagulated solids from wastes collected during cleanup was approximately 12 lb./1000 gal., and from the concentrated wastes in the egg washers, the yield was approximately 40 lb./1000 gal. The estimated polymer cost for coagulation of the egg washer wastes was $0.80/1000 gal. The amino acid composition of five samples of coagulated egg by-products approximated closely the composition of whole eggs. The value of the coagulated solids and the savings in waste treatment charges may encourage segregation and treatment of concentrated egg breaking wastes.
A Critical Nursing Perspective of Pharmacological Interventions for Schizophrenia and the Marginalization of Person-Centered Alternatives

Today psychiatric-mental health nurses are witnessing the newest incarnation of a critical movement in psychiatry. Not since the antipsychiatry movement of the 1960s and 1970s has there been such a...
Preferred structures in small particles

Abstract Morphological transformations of Au particles supported on SiO were observed by real-time high-resolution electron microscopy, and the data were analysed quantitatively to extract the relative probabilities of the different morphologies and compared with a probability model to understand the role of the different parameters that affect the transformations. The experimental data and probability model show good agreement and reveal several interesting trends for the first time. The single crystal population dominates over the icosahedral multiply twinned particles (Ic) and the decahedral multiply twinned particles (Dc) over the observed size regime 2–8nm. The Ic shows a maximum in relative probability of occurrence at smaller sizes, whereas the Dc probability increases with size, leading to a transition region centred at 6·5 nm particle diameter at which Dc and Ic show almost equal relative probabilities. The activation energies of the morphologies are also affected by the surface stress and anisot...
Update on olfactory mucosal metabolic enzymes: age-related changes and N-acetyltransferase activities.

We have expanded previous observations on olfactory metabolic enzymes by examining the content of various metabolic enzymes in the olfactory mucosa of the male Long-Evans rat at different ages. Age-related changes in metabolic enzyme content may be related to changes in susceptibility to toxicants with age and may also contribute to altered odorant perception in the elderly. While some enzymes did not vary over the age range examined, decreases in the microsomal content of other enzymes were observed. While mRNA for acetyltransferase enzymes has previously been described in olfactory mucosa (Debic-Rychter, Land, King. Cancer Res 1996;56:1517–1525), the markedly higher activity of olfactory acetyltransferases compared to liver had not previously been described. Acetyltransferases are important in the metabolism of drugs and toxicants that are aromatic amine derivatives and may contribute to the bioactivation of rodent olfactory mucosal carcinogens such as 2,6-dimethylaniline and alachlor. These studies show that the olfactory mucosa varies in its metabolic capacity with age, and characterize another class of metabolic enzymes in the olfactory mucosa, both of which may impact significantly on responses to toxicants and therapeutic agents in the nasal cavity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:239–244, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20029
An Experimental Method for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Contact Angle Analysis

Abstract Droplet dynamics analysis concerns the measurements of droplet volume, cap and base areas and contact angles, as they change in time to study evaporation, wettability, adhesion and other surface phenomena and properties. In a typical procedure, the two-dimensional measurements are based on a series of images recorded at successive stages of the experiment from a single view. Only a few basic dimensions of sessile droplets are commonly measured from such images, while many other quantities of interest are derived utilizing geometrical relationships. The reliability of these calculations is limited by the necessary assumption that the droplet shape can be approximated as a spherical cap. In reality, the sessile droplet shapes are influenced by gravity, liquid surface tension, local surface anisotropy and microstructure, which often produce non-spherical cap shapes. This paper describes an experimental methodology for determination of key parameters, such as volume and contact angle for dynamic sess...
Communication and distributional complexity of joint probability mass functions

The problem of truly-lossless (Pe=0) distributed source coding requires knowledge of the joint statistics of the sources. In particular the locations of the zeroes of the probability mass functions (pmfs) are crucial for encoding at rates below (H(X),H(Y)). We consider the distributed computation of the empirical joint pmf Pn of a sequence of random variable pairs observed at physically separated nodes of a network. We consider both worst-case and average measures of information exchange and treat both exact calculation of Pn and a notion of approximation. We find that in all cases the communication cost grows linearly with the size of the input. Further, we consider the problem of determining whether the empirical pmf has a zero in a particular location and show that in most cases considered this also requires a communication cost that is linear in the input size
Minimum entropy clustering and applications to gene expression analysis

Clustering is a common methodology for analyzing the gene expression data. We present a new clustering algorithm from an information-theoretic point of view. First, we propose the minimum entropy (measured on a posteriori probabilities) criterion, which is the conditional entropy of clusters given the observations. Pane's inequality indicates that it could be a good criterion for clustering. We generalize the criterion by replacing Shannon's entropy with Havrda-Charvat's structural /spl alpha/-entropy. Interestingly, the minimum entropy criterion based on structural /spl alpha/-entropy is equal to the probability error of the nearest neighbor method when /spl alpha/ = 2. This is another evidence that the proposed criterion is good for clustering. With a nonparametric approach for estimating a posteriori probabilities, an efficient iterative algorithm is then established to minimize the entropy. The experimental results show that the clustering algorithm performs significantly better than k-means/medians, hierarchical clustering, SOM, and EM in terms of adjusted Rand index. Particularly, our algorithm performs very well even when the correct number of clusters is unknown. In addition, most clustering algorithms produce poor partitions in presence of outliers while our method can correctly reveal the structure of data and effectively identify outliers simultaneously.
Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, and Thyme Essential Oil or a Sequential Washing in Killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce and Baby Carrots

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), ozone, and thyme essential oil has been found to be effective in reducing pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, on selected produce. The efficacy of these sanitizers was evaluated, alone or through their sequential washing to achieve a 3 or more log reduction of mixed strains of E. coli O157:H7 on shredded lettuce and baby carrots. Samples sprinkle inoculated with mixed strains of E. coli O157:H7 were air-dried for 1 h at 22±2°C in a biosafety cabinet, stored at 4°C for 24 h, and then treated with different concentrations of disinfectants and exposure time. Sterile deionized water washing resulted in approximately 1log reduction ofE. coli O157:H7 after 10 min washing of lettuce and baby carrots. Gaseous treatments resulted in higher log reductions in comparison to aqueous washing. However, decolorization of lettuce leaves was observed during long exposure time. A logarithmic reduction of 1.48–1.97log10 cfu/g was obtained using aqueous ClO2 (10.0 mg/L for 10 min) ozonated water (9.7 mg/L for 10 min) or thyme oil suspension (1.0 mL/L for 5 min) on lettuce and baby carrots. Of the three sequential washing treatments used in this study, thyme oil followed by aqueous ClO2/ozonated water, or ozonated water/aqueous ClO2 were significantly (P<0.05) more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 (3.75 and 3.99log, and 3.83 and 4.34 log reduction) on lettuce and baby carrots, respectively. The results obtained from this study indicate that sequential washing treatments could achieve 3–4log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 on shredded lettuce and baby carrots.
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms.

Abstract Objectives This study assessed the antibacterial activity of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids against various oral microorganisms. Methods The short-chain fatty acids [formic acid (C1), acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4), isobutyric acid (C4), isovaleric acid (C5), hexanoic acid (C6)], medium-chain fatty acids [octanoic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (12)], and long-chain fatty acids [myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16)], were investigated for antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus gordonii , Streptococcus sanguis , Candida albicans , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Porphyromonas gingivalis . Results The data demonstrated that the fatty acids exhibited patterns of inhibition against oral bacteria with some specificity that appeared related more to the bacterial species that the general structural characteristics of the microorganism. As a group the fatty acids were much less effective against C. albicans than the oral bacteria, with effectiveness limited to hexanoic, octanoic, and lauric acids. Formic acid, capric, and lauric acids were broadly inhibitory for the bacteria. Interestingly, fatty acids that are produced at metabolic end-products by a number of these bacteria, were specifically inactive against the producing species, whilst substantially inhibiting the growth of other oral microorganisms. Conclusions The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) could influence the microbial ecology in the oral cavity via at least 2 potential pathways. First, the agents delivered exogenously as therapeutic adjuncts could be packaged to enhance a microbial-regulatory environment in the subgingival sulcus. Second, it would be the intrinsic nature of these fatty acid inhibitors in contributing to the characteristics of the microbial biofilms, their evolution, and emergence of species within the biofilms. Further studies on these functions are required to better understand the nature of these potential microbial interactions in the biofilms.