cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consistent helicities from CD and template t/c data for N-templated polyalanines: progress toward resolution of the alanine helicity problem.

The helicity reporting parameters t/c and [θ]222 have been measured at 2, 25, and 60 °C in water for the solubilized polyalanine series Ac-Hel-An-tLInp2K4W-NH2 of length 4 ≤ n ≤ 14 that bears the helix-initiating and monitoring N-cap Ac-Hel and the spaced solubilizer tLInp2K4W-NH2 as a C-cap. Correlation of t/c with length shows that the helical propensity for n ≤ 6 is ca. 1.0, consistent with our early reports, but that a dramatic increase in temperature dependence and helical propensity occurs for n ≥ 8. A model based on hydrogen-bonding cooperativity is proposed to explain this finding, and both t/c and [θ]222 are modeled successfully by length-dependent alanine propensities at 2 °C of 1.03 for n = 6, 1.15, for 7 ≤ n ≤ 9 and 1.26 for n ≥ 10. The implications of these results for the energetics of helix formation by alanine-rich peptide sequences are discussed.
Linking Process and Outcome in the Study of Emotion and Aging.

Current theory and research on emotion and aging suggests that (a) older adults report more positive affective experience (more happiness) than younger adults, (b) older adults attend to and remember emotionally valenced stimuli differently than younger adults (i.e., they show age-related positivity effects in attention and memory), and (c) the reason that older adults have more positive affective experience is because the positivity effects they display serve as emotion regulatory strategies. It is suggested that age differences in cognitive processes therefore lead to the outcome of positive affective experience. In this article, we critically review the literature on age differences in positive affective experience and on age-related positivity effects in attention and memory. Furthermore, we question the extent to which existing evidence supports a link between age-related positivity effects and positive affective outcomes. We then provide a framework for formally testing process-outcome links that mi...
741 CANDIDACIDAL CAPACITY IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE

Both neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes (MONO) from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) phagocytize normally but fail to kill catalase-positive intracellular organisms. While studying candidacidal mechanisms, Lehrer observed differential killing of Candida species by CGD cells. C. albicans was not killed by PMN or MONO but PMN showed a normal or relatively intact ability to kill 2 strains (C. parapsilosis, C. pseudotropicalis) which could not be killed by MONO. Our interest in these divergent candidacidal abilities was enhanced when C. parapsilosis was recovered from a CGD blood culture. Using the dye-exclusion assay of Lehrer and Cline, it was found that the patient's PMN failed to kill not only C. albicans but also C. pseudotropicalis and 2 strains of C. parapsilosis, including his own isolate. Studies of cells from 5 boys with X-linked CGD (Pt) and normals (Nl) are summarized below. Results are expressed as mean % kill of ingested organisms in 1 hour; ( )=number of tests. Thus in this series both CGD phagocytic cell types share the defective killing capacity for the catalase-positive Candida species tested.
Kinetics of neutrophil-releasing activity of filtration leukapheresis and postleukapheresis plasma.

Abstract A rat model was used to study the effect of filtration leukapheresis on the kinetics of granulocyte mobilization in normal rat donors and in recipients of plasma obtained from these donors. Our earlier observations showed that infusion of postpheresis plasma (PPP) into normal homologous recipients is consistently capable of inducing a marked granulocytosis. The effects of such a transfusion is dose related and duration dependent. This study shows that the granulocytosis occurring subsequent to administration of PPP was directly related to the duration of pheresis in the donor. Its maximum effect occurred 2–3 hr after transfusion. Animals with a low granulocyte count were less capable of mobilizing granulocytes during filtration leukapheresis than animals with a higher prepheresis count, possibly due to low endogenous stores of granulopoietin. Additionally, rats
Effect of Porcine Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor on the Release and Synthesis of Growth Hormone in Vitro

Addition of small amounts of highly purified porcine growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) to rat anterior pituitaries incubated in vitro for 6–24 hr in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate media significantly increased the release of growth hormone (GH). This effect was abolished by actinomycin D. Although more GH was released in vitro under the influence of GRF, the GH content of pituitaries from normal rats exposed to GRF was essentially unchanged after the incubation. When the pituitaries of donor rats were depleted of GH by a prior exposure of rats to cold in vivo, GRF was shown to stimulate the synthesis of GH in the incubated tissue as well as the release of GH. The results lend support to the thesis that one substance is responsible for both the release and synthesis of GH. (Endocrinology 82: 271, 1968)
Outcomes of laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease and paraesophageal hernia.

Background: Laparoscopic fundoplication has become the standard for operative treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: We reviewed our experience with 1,000 consecutive patients receiving laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD (n = 882) or paraesophageal hernia (n = 118) between October 1991 and July 1999. Patients with achalasia and failed fundoplication were excluded from analysis. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively by upper endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and barium swallow. After 1994, 24-h pH monitoring was performed selectively in patients with extraesophageal symptoms and/or those without erosive esophagitis. There were 490 men 510 women in this review. Their mean age was 49 years. Procedures performed were 360° floppy fundoplication (n = 879), 360° fundoplication without fundus mobilization (Rossetti) (n = 22), 270° posterior fundoplication (n = 96), and anterior fundoplication (n = 2). Esophageal lengthening procedure (Collis gastroplasty) was performed in combination with fundoplication in 15 patients. In seven patients the treatment was converted to open fundoplication. Outcomes: The average length of hospitalization was 2.2 days, and 136 patients stayed longer than 2 days. Major complications occurred in 21 patients: esophageal perforation (n= 10), acute paraesophageal herniation (n = 4), splenic bleeding (n = 2), cardiac arrest (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 3), and testicular abscess (n = 1). Additional operations were required to manage the complications in 14 patients (70%): Four of these procedures were performed emergently, and 10 patients underwent reoperation between 6 h and 10 days. There were three deaths, all of which involved elderly patients with paraesophageal hernia. There were 35 late failures requiring reoperation for recurrence of GERD or development of new symptoms: The treatment of 32 patients was revised laparoscopically, and 4 patients required laparotomy. Beyond 1 year (median follow-up period, 27 months), 94% of the reviewed patients were satisfied with their surgical outcome.
Changes in the mineral composition of soybean xylem sap during monocarpic senescence and alterations by depodding

Evidence from earlier studies with explants (stem cutting with a leaf and a pod) indicates that a decline in the supply of mineral nutrients from the roots may prepare the leaves for induction of monocarpic senescence in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Anoka). In order to assess the changes in mineral flux from the root system, xylem sap was collected from a decapitated plant under 100 kPa pressure over 50 min. The sap volume yield declines after flowering starts, but increases during pod extension and then decreases again during podfill. The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo and Si rise and then fall during reproductive development, but the exact timing differs among the elements. In contrast, B, Al and Na concentrations show a slow rise initially with a large increase in late pod development. Depodding, which prevents the early death of the plant, inhibits the changes of some elements (K, Mg) but not others (Ca. Mg, P, S, Zn. Fe. Mn, B, Cu, Al), and it does not prevent the decrease in sap volume delivered. Inasmuch as the mineral concentration of xylem sap quantitatively reflects upward mineral flux, the supply of most minerals to the shoot declines, and this decrease seems to be an important factor in the preparatory phase of monocarpic senescence. The different minerals show different patterns of change, which indicate differences in the transport mechanisms and their regulation.
An experimental study of the partitioning of K, Rb, Cs, Sr and Ba between clinopyroxene and liquid at high pressures

Abstract The partition coefficients of K, Rb, Cs, Sr and Ba between clinopyroxene and liquid were experimentally determined in the system diopside-albite-anorthite-water at 15–30 kb and 1100–1200°C. Clinopyroxene and liquid (glass) were separated by a new technique (differential dissolution technique—DDT) and analyzed by isotope dilution. The partition coefficients lie in the range 0.054–0.081 for Sr, 0.0014–0.0026 for K, 0.00078–0.0023 for Ba, 0.0010–0.0041 for Rb, 0.00035–0.0036 for Cs. Variations of the partition coefficients with pressure, temperature and composition of the phases are relatively small, though no systematic study of these parameters was attempted.
Male factor infertility: A solitary semen analysis can never predict normal fertility.

The fact that semen analysis cannot predict fertility has long been a source of frustration for both patients and physicians. Studies have demonstrated that semen analyses have poor predictive value for fertility status. Thus, the WHO reference values for human semen characteristics are of particular interest to anyone attempting to conceive and to the professionals who must counsel these individuals.
The Sociology Research Experience Capstone Course at Three Institutions

This study describes the objectives, structures, and outcomes of a one-semester, required sociology research capstone course as taught at three institutions. Pre- and postquestionnaires from students, syllabi from instructors, and a random sample of final research papers were analyzed. Results indicate that the main foci of the course are to conduct research, produce a paper or thesis, develop writing and presentation skills, and integrate past learning. Instruction in this course includes numerous best practices from the literature on teaching and learning. There appears to be an underemphasis, however, on helping students to apply theory in their projects. The theses reveal a wide range of topics, methodological approaches, and quality, with the introduction/literature review and discussion/conclusion sections receiving the lowest quality scores.
Determinants of the height of the left atrial contraction wave in mitral stenosis

Abstract The determinants of the height of the left atrial contraction wave (a wave) were analyzed in 53 patients with pure mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm. Ratios of the height of the a wave to the v wave, the height of the a wave to the mean left atrial pressure and the a wave pulse pressure to the mean left atrial pressure were related to a number of variables that are related to the severity of the mitral stenosis, i.e., to the mean mitral valve pressure gradient, the mean left atrial pressure, the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the left atrial size, estimated roentgenographically. It was observed that the relative height of the a wave varies inversely with the hemodynamic severity of the mitral obstruction, indicating that as the disease process progresses, left atrial contraction may become weaker and make a smaller contribution to left ventricular filling. The possible mechanisms and significance of these hemodynamic findings are discussed.
Roughness analysis applied to niobium thin films grown on MgO(001) surfaces for superconducting radio frequency cavity applications

This paper describes surface studies to address roughness issues inherent to thin film coatings deposited onto superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. This is particularly relevant for multilayered thin film coatings that are being considered as a possible scheme to overcome technical issues and to surpass the fundamental limit of $\ensuremath{\sim}50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ accelerating gradient achievable with bulk niobium. In 2006, a model by Gurevich [Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 012511 (2006)] was proposed to overcome this limit that involves coating superconducting layers separated by insulating ones onto the inner walls of the cavities. Thus, we have undertaken a systematic effort to understand the dynamic evolution of the Nb surface under specific deposition thin film conditions onto an insulating surface in order to explore the feasibility of the proposed model. We examine and compare the morphology from two distinct $\mathrm{Nb}/\mathrm{MgO}$ series, each with its own epitaxial registry, at very low growth rates and closely examine the dynamical scaling of the surface features during growth. Further, we apply analysis techniques such as power spectral density to the specific problem of thin film growth and roughness evolution to qualify the set of deposition conditions that lead to successful SRF coatings.
Quantitative dynamics and spatial profile of perisomatic GABAergic input during epileptiform synchronization in the CA1 hippocampus.

Perisomatic GABAergic input appears spared or even increased in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, and has been suggested to contribute to the generation of pathological discharges. Nevertheless, its degree of functional activity during epileptiform synchronization has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, it remains unclear how structural preservation or loss of domain-specific GABAergic input may affect the network. Here, we have taken advantage of a model of epileptiform activity in vitro to quantify the charge transfer provided by perisomatic GABAA receptor-mediated input to CA1 pyramidal neurons during interictal-like bursts. By recording both firing in GABAergic interneurons and the charge transfer generated by unitary postsynaptic currents to target pyramidal cells, we have estimated the charge transfer that would be dynamically generated by the recruitment of the entire pool of perisomatic-targeting interneurons and the number of perisomatic-targeting interneurons that would be required to generate the experimentally observed GABAergic input. In addition, we have recorded and compared the dynamics and charge density of GABAergic input recorded at different membrane compartments such as the soma vs. the proximal dendrite. Our results suggest that GABAA receptor-mediated perisomatic input is massively activated during burst synchronization and that its kinetic properties and charge density are similar at the soma and proximal dendrite. These functional results match structural data published by other laboratories very well and strengthen the hypothesis that the potential preservation of perisomatic GABAergic input in intractable epilepsies may be a key factor in the generation of pathological network activity.
The Effects of Patulin on the Development of Oncopeltus fasciatus

Patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2) pyran-2(6H)-one) (Figure 1) has been shown to be a potent antibiotic with toxic effects in in vitro and in vivo studies (Kawasaki et al., 1972; Lindroth and von Wright, 1978; Oswald et al., 1978; Sorenson et al., 1985). Patulin is produced by many species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Patulin was identified in 1942 by Wiesner, who observed its antibacterial activity when isolated from an Aspergillus clavatus culture. The compound was given the appropriate name “clavicin”. Today both “clavicin” and “patulin” are commonly substituted. Patulin is considered a mycotoxin because of its toxicity and possible carcinogenic effects on higher life forms (Becci et al., 1981).
Lady Russell, Elizabeth I, and Female Political Alliances through Performance

AbstractThe entertainment at Bisham Abbey in 1592 offers a rare example of female authorship and performance in a sixteenth‐century dramatic text. Lady Elizabeth (Cooke Hoby) Russell wrote and staged this entertainment for Elizabeth I during a royal progress, and her two teenaged daughters performed speaking roles. The Bisham performance challenges assumptions about women's limitations, endorses a militant Protestant foreign policy, and revises conventions of Elizabethan progress entertainments to claim the genre as an appropriate arena for aristocratic women's political negotiations. In successful auditions to be maids of honor, the young Russell women urge the Queen to surround herself with capable female servants who can better assist her in religious and gender battles than her flawed male advisors. As they propose themselves as loyal alternatives to self‐serving male courtiers, these young performers adopt elements of the Queen's image, revealing that they claim authority to engage in court performan...
Sexual dimorphism in finger ridge breadth measurements: a tool for sex estimation from fingerprints.

Previous research has demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism in friction ridge skin characteristics. This study uses a novel method for measuring sexual dimorphism in finger ridge breadths to evaluate its utility as a sex estimation method from an unknown fingerprint. Beginning and ending in a valley, the width of ten parallel ridges with no obstructions or minutia was measured in a sample of 250 males and females (N = 500). The results demonstrate statistically significant differences in ridge breadth between males and females (p < 0.001), with classification accuracy for each digit varying from 83.2% to 89.3%. Classification accuracy for the pooled finger samples was 83.9% for the right hand and 86.2% for the left hand, which is applicable for cases where the digit number cannot be determined. Weight, stature, and to a lesser degree body mass index also significantly correlate with ridge breadth and account for the degree of overlap between males and females.
Agreement or Association: Choosing a Measure of Reliability for Nominal Data in the 2 x 2 Case-A Comparison of Phi, Kappa, and G*

This research note compares the ϕ, kappa, and G measures of association and agreement used to estimate the reliability of drug and alcohol self-report data in the 2 × 2 case. Attention is focused upon the problems encountered in using these measures when skewed marginal distributions are found in a test–retest situation. The G index of agreement was found to be a stable estimator, unaffected by skewed marginals, and equilivalent to kappa and ϕ when marginal distributions are equal.
On Privacy of Skype VoIP Calls

Skype is one of the most popular voice-over-IP (VoIP) service providers. One of the main reasons for the popularity of Skype VoIP services is its unique set of features to protect privacy of VoIP calls such as strong encryption, proprietary protocol, unknown codec, dynamic path selection, and constant packet rate. In this paper, we propose a class of passive traffic analysis attacks to compromise privacy of Skype VoIP calls. The proposed attacks are based on application-level features extracted from VoIP call traces. The proposed attacks are evaluated by extensive experiments over different types of networks including commercialized anonymity networks and our campus network. The experiments show that the proposed traffic analysis attacks can detect speaker and speech of Skype calls with 0.33 and 0.44 detection rate, about 30-fold and 15-fold improvement over random guess respectively.
Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial.

Background—This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial compared changes in exercise performance and daily ambulatory activity in peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication after a home-based exercise program, a supervised exercise program, and usual-care control. Methods and Results—Of the 119 patients randomized, 29 completed home-based exercise, 33 completed supervised exercise, and 30 completed usual-care control. Both exercise programs consisted of intermittent walking to nearly maximal claudication pain for 12 weeks. Patients wore a step activity monitor during each exercise session. Primary outcome measures included claudication onset time and peak walking time obtained from a treadmill exercise test; secondary outcome measures included daily ambulatory cadences measured during a 7-day monitoring period. Adherence to home-based and supervised exercise was similar (P=0.712) and exceeded 80%. Both exercise programs increased claudication onset time (P<0.001) and peak...
Classifier evaluation and attribute selection against active adversaries

Many data mining applications, such as spam filtering and intrusion detection, are faced with active adversaries. In all these applications, the future data sets and the training data set are no longer from the same population, due to the transformations employed by the adversaries. Hence a main assumption for the existing classification techniques no longer holds and initially successful classifiers degrade easily. This becomes a game between the adversary and the data miner: The adversary modifies its strategy to avoid being detected by the current classifier; the data miner then updates its classifier based on the new threats. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of an equilibrium in this seemingly never ending game, where neither party has an incentive to change. Modifying the classifier causes too many false positives with too little increase in true positives; changes by the adversary decrease the utility of the false negative items that are not detected. We develop a game theoretic framework where equilibrium behavior of adversarial classification applications can be analyzed, and provide solutions for finding an equilibrium point. A classifier's equilibrium performance indicates its eventual success or failure. The data miner could then select attributes based on their equilibrium performance, and construct an effective classifier. A case study on online lending data demonstrates how to apply the proposed game theoretic framework to a real application.
Temporal and real-time databases: a survey

A temporal database contains time-varying data. In a real-time database transactions have deadlines or timing constraints. In this paper we review the substantial research in these two previously separate areas. First we characterize the time domain; then we investigate temporal and real-time data models. We evaluate temporal and real-time query languages along several dimensions. We examine temporal and real-time DBMS implementation. Finally, we summarize major research accomplishments to date and list several unanswered research questions. >
What They're Reading: New Beginnings and Old Traditions - An Overview

The first weekend of the Spring Semester serves as PC's Freshmen Honors Seminar (FHS) Retreat at Earthshine Mountain Lodge (www.earthshinemtlodge.com). This wonderful retreat center sits high atop a mountain adjacent the Pisgah National Forrest–just a bit northwest of Brevard, North Carolina. The scenic mountains, hiking, and an educational program complete with a high element ropes course and an unbelievable "Flight thru the Tree Tops" Zip Line Course provides the perfect location for students, faculty, and staff to bond, rejuvenate, and discuss substantive issues and ideas. T
Seasonal Transformations of Manganese in a Palustrine Emergent Wetland

Naturally occurring wetlands need to be investigated to assess their role in contaminant sequestration. Accordingly, aqueous- and solid-phase analyses were conducted to monitor Mn response to changing physicochemical conditions within a Palustrine Emergent Wetland. A rhodochrosite-like phase (MnCO 3 ) was the dominant Mn bearing phase (by mass) within the solids throughout the year. Aqueous-phase Mn concentrations were highly variable, but only two sampling sites in the interior of the wetland had pore-waters supersaturated with respect to rhodochrosite. Despite that a rhodochrosite-like material was the dominant quantity of Mn in the solids through the year, the reactivity of Mn solids, as measured by selective sequential extractions, did change seasonally. In spring, Mn was preferentially associated with the hydrofluoric acid-extractable pool, comprising ∼35% of the total extractable Mn. The sodium acetate (SA)/acetic acid (AA) fraction appears elevated from spring through fall. Amorphous sulfide phases denoted by the difference between hydrochloric- and oxalic-acid extractable Mn increased during the summer months and then decreased in early fall as the site dried. Furthermore, as the site dried, Mn associations with the MnCl 2 (water soluble and exchangeable) extractable phase increased significantly (P < 0.05), comprising between 26 and 43% of the total extractable Mn. Manganese removed using hydroxylamine-hydrochloride/AA (crystalline oxide) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the summer to ∼40% of total extractable Mn. It is therefore apparent that seasonal changes in temperature and water level, with associated redox status, drive changes in surficial coatings of Mn phases and thus its reactivity.
A Macrophage-Dominant PI3K Isoform Controls Hypoxia-Induced HIF1α and HIF2α Stability and Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis

Tumor growth, progression, and response to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment involve the action of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF1 and HIF2. HIF is a heterodimeric transcription factor containing an inducible HIFα subunit and a constitutively expressed HIFβ subunit. The signaling pathways operational in macrophages regulating hypoxia-induced HIFα stabilization remain the subject of intense investigation. Here, it was discovered that the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis controls hypoxia-induced HIF1α (HIF1A) and HIF2α (EPAS1) stability in macrophages. Using genetic mouse models and pan-PI3K as well as isoform-specific inhibitors, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway blocked the accumulation of HIFα protein and its primary transcriptional target VEGF in response to hypoxia. Moreover, blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling axis promoted the hypoxic degradation of HIFα via the 26S proteasome. Mechanistically, a macrophage-dominant PI3K isoform (p110γ) directed tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the HIFα/VEGF axis. Moreover, a pan-PI3K inhibitor (SF1126) blocked tumor-induced angiogenesis and inhibited VEGF and other proangiogenic factors secreted by macrophages. These data define a novel molecular mechanism by which PTEN/PI3K/AKT regulates the proteasome-dependent stability of HIFα under hypoxic conditions, a signaling pathway in macrophages that controls tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis. Implications: This study indicates that PI3K inhibitors are excellent candidates for the treatment of cancers where macrophages promote tumor progression. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1520–31. ©2014 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1345][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/12/1345?iss=10
Adaptive control of jitter in a laser beam pointing system

This paper presents an adaptive control scheme for suppressing jitter in laser beams. The variable-order adaptive controller is based on an adaptive lattice filter that implicitly identifies the disturbance statistics from real-time sensor data. The multi-channel adaptive control structure is exploited to allow both feedback of the beam position error and feedforward of an accelerometer measurement. In the experiments presented here, the high-order adaptive controller controlled jitter over a broad spectrum of frequencies, almost up to the Nyquist frequency.
Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CH3Br

Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CH3Br have been measured by a relative rate technique in which the reaction rate of each compound was compared to that of HFC-152a (CH3CHF2) and (for CH2Cl2) HFC-161 (CH3CH2F). Using absolute rate constants for HFC-152a and HFC-161, which we have determined relative to those for CH4, CH3CCl3, and C2H6, temperature dependent rate constants of both compounds were derived. The derived rate constant for CH3Br is in good agreement with recent absolute measurements. However, for the chloromethanes all the rate constants are lower at atmospheric temperatures than previously reported, especially for CH2Cl2 where the present rate constant is about a factor of 1.6 below the JPL 92-20 value. The new rate constant appears to resolve a discrepancy between the observed atmospheric concentrations and those calculated from the previous rate constant and estimated release rates.
First-principles investigations of the dielectric properties of polypropylene/metal-oxide interfaces

Article on first-principles investigations of the dielectric properties of polypropylene/metal-oxide interfaces. Nanoscale-resolved dielectric properties of polypropylene/metal-oxide (alumina, PbTiO₃) interfaces and of the corresponding surfaces are investigated via first-principles calculations.
Romanticism and Emotional Maturity: A Further Exploration

This paper reports an attempt to test the common assumption that "romiantic love is for the emotionally immature." After a survey of the literature, 14 sub-scales of Emotional Maturity were constructed, dealing with Stress, Handling Anger, Reactions to Authority, Iltegratioin, Self-Control, judgment, Man-Woman Relationships, Attitude toward Learning, Intellectual Maturity, Responsibility, Egocenteredness-Sociocenteredness, Comnmunication, Security-liisecurity and Social Poise. None of the fourteen correlation coefficients between the Elmlotional Maturity sub-scales and a Romanticism scale varied significantly from zero.
Unsaturated binuclear homoleptic metal carbonyls M2(CO)x (M = Fe, Co, Ni; x = 5, 6, 7, 8). Are multiple bonds between transition metals possible for these molecules?

Modern density functional methods, which yield geometrical parameters and ener- gies close to experimental values for known metal carbonyls such as Fe(CO) 5 and Fe 2 (CO) 9 , have been extended to unsaturated binary binuclear metal carbonyls. Novel optimized struc- tures have been discovered containing metal-metal multiple bonds, four-electron bridging carbonyl groups, and metal electronic configurations less than 18 electrons.
Disclaimed Activity in Dreams of Chicanos and Anglos

To test the hypothesis that Chicanos would report their dreams in terms which relied more heavily on a passive approach to life, 109 Chicano college students (43 males and 66 females) and 136 Anglo college students (61 males and 75 females) were asked to submit written reports of their dreams. The specific type of passivity investigated was "disclaimed activity" in which the dreamer negates the existence of a self-conscious and knowing actor. This is done by attributing the responsibility for the activity in the dreams to someone else, to parts of the body, to parts of the mind, to fate, and to other objects. The passive approach would also manifest itself in a greater number of crossing out what was reported as a means of taking back what was already written. The Chicanos used significantly disclaimed activity as well as more crossouts than did the Anglos. The findings were discussed in the context of other cross-cultural research and with a warning about understanding "passivity" in a pejorative sense.
ALLOSTERIC REGULATION OF THE GLUCOSE:H+ SYMPORTER OF LACTOBACILLUS BREVIS : COOPERATIVE BINDING OF GLUCOSE AND HPR(SER-P)

Lactobacillus brevis transports glucose and the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose via a proton symport mechanism that is allosterically inhibited by the seryl-phosphorylated derivative of HPr, the small phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system. We have demonstrate that S46DHPr, a mutant analog of HPr which conformationally resembles HPr(ser-P) but not free HPr, specifically binds to membranes derived from glucose-grown L. brevis cells if and only if a substrate of the glucose permease is also present.
ERS-1 scatterometer measurements. II. An algorithm for ocean-surface wind retrieval including light winds

For pt.I see ibid., vol.36, no.2, p.603-22 (1998). An algorithm for retrieving European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1) scatterometer winds, denoted the Rufenach-Bates-Tosini (RBT) algorithm, is developed and used to retrieve winds collocated within /spl plusmn/25 km of buoy measurements in two oceanic regions, equatorial and midlatitude. An improvement in the retrieved RBT winds over the European Space Agency (ESA) winds is due mainly to a geophysical model employing the full available wind-speed range, including the lightest winds. This model, denoted BMOD5, is tuned by using the scatterometer and buoy measurements, resulting in two different models for the midlatitude and equatorial regions. The RBT retrieved winds exhibit (1) a larger number of solutions (wind vectors) and (2) smaller biases in wind speed than the ESA wind product. The increase in the number of retrieved winds is primarily due to lighter winds employed, 0.2 m/s to 18 m/s; whereas, the ESA winds are truncated near 3 m/s. The ESA winds underestimate the highest winds significantly, by about 20%, and overestimate the lightest winds. The RBT wind bias is less than a few percent at the highest winds and a few tenths of a m/s at the lowest winds. Both algorithms retrieve 180/spl deg/ ambiguous directions almost as often as the true direction. Regression fits to the winds using the RBT algorithm produce standard deviations of 1 m/s and 25/spl deg/ near the equator for winds varying from 0.2-10 m/s and 1.2 m/s and 250 at midlatitudes for winds varying from 0.2-18 m/s, provided that the ambiguities are removed.
TWO NEGLECTED CLASSICS OF COMPARATIVE ETHICS

Mary Douglas's Purity and Danger and Herbert Fingarette's Confucius: The Secular as Sacred have had a continuous impact on cultural anthropology and the study of ancient Chinese thought, respectively, but neither has typically been read as a contribution to comparative religious ethics. This paper argues that both books developed from profound dissatisfaction with the empiricist presuppositions that dominated their fields into the 1970s and that both should be associated with the revival of American pragmatism that is currently driving a reinterpretation of ethics as a social practice embedded in historically contingent discourse about agency, virtue, and social organization. This pragmatic turn results in a shift of comparative ethics away from issues of methods and metaethics in the direction of history and fieldwork as the preconditions for useful comparison.
Rigorous Results on the Critical Behavior in Statistical Mechanics

We review a collection of rigorous results, which delineate the usefulness of mean field type approximations, and shed light on the phenomenon of the existence of an upper critical dimension — above which the critical behavior is considerably simpler. The results are relevant for the analysis of ferromagnetic spin systems, percolation models, and quantum field theory.
Creating a credential for bariatric behavioral health professionals: potential benefits, pitfalls, and provider opinion

Abstract Background Since the 1991 recommendation by the National Institutes of Health-sponsored consensus development conference, preoperative psychosocial evaluation of weight loss surgery patients has been adopted by >80% of weight loss surgery programs. Although some published suggestions for conducting evaluations exist, no formal guidelines have been published specifying the qualifications, content knowledge, or clinical experience for the behavioral health professionals who conduct them. As a result, the backgrounds of behavioral health professionals working with bariatric surgery patients are varied, and no mechanism exists to ensure consistent quality of care. To obtain expert opinion on this issue, a survey of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery membership was conducted using an Internet-based survey. Methods American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery members of all disciplines were invited by electronic mail to complete an Internet-based survey. Separate forms were created for behavioral health providers and for members of other disciplines. Results A total of 409 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery members responded (60 behavioral health and 349 nonbehavioral health). Of the 409 respondents, 95% indicated a belief that it is important for behavioral health providers to have specialty knowledge; 87% indicated a belief that specialty experience is important; and 70.6% favored the development of a specialty credential for bariatric behavioral health providers to regulate the quality of patient care. However, the respondents also reported concerns about creating such a credential. Conclusion Our results reflect widespread opinion that the provision of bariatric behavioral health services requires specialty knowledge and experience and that a credentialing system would help regulate the standard of care in the field. However, some concerns about credential development remain.
Embracing uncertainty: applied machine learning comes of age

Over the last decade the number of deployed applications of machine learning has grown rapidly, with examples in domains ranging from recommendation systems and web search, to spam filters and voice recognition. Most recently, the Kinect 3D full-body motion sensor, which relies crucially on machine learning, has become the fastest-selling consumer electronics device in history. Developments such as the advent of widespread internet connectivity, with its centralisation of data storage, as well as new algorithms for computationally efficient probabilistic inference, will create many new opportunities for machine learning over the coming years. The talk will be illustrated with tutorial examples, live demonstrations, and real-world case studies.
Journey to the Center of the Cause

The “diagnostic odyssey” refers to myriad tests that an individual with an undiagnosed disorder can undergo before reaching—or not reaching—a diagnosis. It is not uncommon for children with developmental disorders such as developmental delays, intellectual disability, epilepsy, or autism spectrum disorder to undergo extensive testing in search of a genetic cause, which in most cases is not found. In children who do not have additional clinical features that point to a recognizable genetic syndrome, it is especially difficult to determine a priori the test that is most likely to provide an answer. The introduction of genome-wide tests has begun to streamline the diagnostic process. Participants in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study ([www.ddduk.org][1]) set out to determine the efficiency of using a combination of genome-wide copy-number and sequence analyses to diagnose children with developmental disorders. The study brings together clinicians and researchers across the United Kingdom, and to date, they have collected ~10,000 families with one or more affected individuals. In the current study, the authors report the results for the first 1133 children from 1101 families. Combining data from whole-exome sequencing, genome-wide exon-focused array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and genome-wide genotyping, the researchers were able to identify a genetic cause in 28% of children. Importantly, they found evidence for 12 new genes that when mutated may cause developmental disorders, explaining another 3% of cases. For some genes, causative mutations were identified in multiple patients, but even the most frequently identified cause (mutation in ARID1B ) was relevant to only ~1% of patients. The DDD study is a well-coordinated effort involving a large number of clinical and diagnostic centers. The results of this study showed that comprehensive genomic testing early in the diagnostic process can be useful for patients and families. However, it also highlights the need for international collaborations and massive patient cohorts to pinpoint new genes and mutations that cause developmental disorders, as there are likely to be many genes, each of which explains a very small fraction of cases. Finally, new testing and analysis strategies may be required to provide a diagnosis for the 69% of cases still on the diagnostic odyssey. The Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders . Nature 10.1038/nature14135 (2014). [[Abstract]][2] [1]: http://www.ddduk.org/ [2]: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14135.html
Drivers of chronic rhinosinusitis: Inflammation versus infection

Studies of the underlying cause or causes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) over the past 20 or more years have expanded from a focus on systemic immune and allergic mechanisms to an intense search for the underlying drivers of mucosal inflammation. These drivers involve mucosal inflammatory pathways that become activated by allergens, microbial stimuli, or poorly understood exogenous or endogenous stimuli. The holy grail in the study of CRS is to identify specific drivers of mucosal inflammation and translate these into more effective treatment for CRS. Certain deficiencies in local innate immunity have been described in patients with CRS that predispose to increased sinus mucosal bacterial colonization/infection, including deficient local production of antimicrobial lactoferrin and deficient functioning of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38. Conversely, certain innate factors, namely IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are elaborated by sinus epithelial cells in response to microbial stimulation or airway injury and promote local TH2 inflammation. The precise physiologic role of these factors in innate or adaptive immunity is unclear, although IL-33 might function as an alarmin triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns. The cytokines IL-25 and TSLP, similarly promote proinflammatory tissue responses. Another feature of epithelial dysregulation in patients with CRS is overproduction of eosinophil-promoting C-C chemokines by sinus epithelium, perhaps driven in part through innate stimuli, as well as TH2 cytokines, such as IL-13. Strategies to reduce the microbial stimulation of maladaptive TH2 inflammation or to suppress the local elaboration of TH2-promoting epithelial factors, such as IL-33, have potential therapeutic benefit in patients with CRS, although the extent to which this is realized in patient care remains limited at present. This rostrum will summarize my views on the major microbial drivers of mucosal inflammation and dysregulation of innate TH2-promoting factors in patients with CRS based on recent experimental data.
Wry Necks Associated with Mycoplasma meleagridis Infection in a Backyard Flock of Turkeys

Two 5-week-old bronze turkeys were submitted with crooked necks that could not be straightened. Both birds were serologically and culturally positive for Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM). Histologically, there were lymphoid follicles in the cranial thoracic and cervicoclavicular air sacs, and inflammatory changes in the cartilage of some cervical vertebrae. This appeared to be a case of MM-associated wry necks.
Picosecond Processes Involving CO, O2, and NO Derivatives of Hemeproteins

Already it is well known that many ultrafast processes occur in biological systems. Picosecond pulses are used to initiate biological reactions in which light is either a natural constituent, such as in photosynthesis and vision, or a device to create nonequilibrium states of complex systems, such as with oxyhemoglobin. We have studied several heme proteins by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, a technique that is capable of revealing both ligand dynamics and changes in the protein structure.
Amazon Mechanical Turk for Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Advantages, Challenges, and Practical Recommendations

We are in almost full agreement with Landers and Behrend's (2015) thoughtful and balanced critiques of various convenience sampling strategies focusing on the four most frequently used data sources in our field. In this commentary, we expand on Landers and Behrend's discussions specifically around Mechanical Turk (MTurk) by providing further supporting voice and/or clarity to the four potential concerns and relative advantages associated with MTurk. We also raise a few additional concerns and challenges to which the current literature does not yet offer definitive answers. We conclude with some practical guidelines summarizing the relative advantages and unique challenges of using MTurk.
Management of disorders of the forefoot and toenails associated with running.

This discussion of the management of disorders of the forefoot and toenails associated with running relates the deformity to the various foot types and provides treatment options for each entity.
Coffee stain technique.

Backgrounds prepared with coffee grounds and Conte dust produce many unexpected patterns. The technique adds interest to artwork and is equally good for a carefully prepared drawing as it is for a quick, casual sketch. A materials list is provided which includes a variety of surface choices. The article provides step-by-step directions for the preparation of an attractive coffee-stained background, gives detailed instructions describing how to transfer a sketch, offers tips for drawing with Conte and carbon pencils and tells how to apply highlights.
Neonatal Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas

An infant born with a large subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is reported and 11 cases in the literature are reviewed by researchers at Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA.
Super-pnicogen bonding in the radical anion of the fluorophosphine dimer

Abstract The LUMO of the pnicogen-bonded fluoro-phosphine dimer has PP bonding character. Radical anion and dianion form relatively strong pnicogen bonds with some covalent character where however the dianion turns out to be a second order transition state. The binding energy of ( FPH 2 ) 2 - is 30.4 kcal/mol (CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ; CASPT2(5,8): 30.7 kcal/mol) and the bond strength order measured with the local PP bond stretching force constant increases from 0.055 for the neutral dimer to 0.187 thus revealing that the stabilization of the radical anion is to a large extend a result of one-electron six-center delocalization. Pnicogen-bonded complexes have a stabilizing electron affinity.