cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Material transport in oceanic gyres. Part I: Phenomenology

Abstract Material spreading and mixing by oceanic mesoscale eddies are analyzed in an idealized, numerical model of the wind-driven, midlatitude oceanic circulation. The main focus is on the regime with large Reynolds number, Re, and vigorous mesoscale eddies, although brief comparisons are made with less turbulent solutions at smaller Re. The analyses are based on ensembles of Lagrangian particle trajectories. The authors find that tracer transport by mesoscale eddies differs in many ways from the commonly used model of homogeneous, isotropic eddy diffusion. The single-particle dispersion, which describes the spreading process, is generally anisotropic and inhomogeneous and in most places it is not diffusive (i.e., not linear in time) during intermediate-time intervals after tracer release. In most of the basin and especially in the deep layers, subdiffusive single-particle dispersion occurs due to long-time trapping of material by coherent structures such as vortices near the strong currents and planeta...
Estimating epiphytic macrolichen biomass from topography, stand structure and lichen community data

Abstract Question/Location: We modelled lichen epiphyte biomass in relation to topography, stand structure, and lichen community composition in the central Cascades of western Oregon. Methods: Sampling was stratified by stand structure. Epiphyte biomass was estimated based on lichen litter for three functional groups: cyanolichens, forage lichens, and matrix lichens. Regression models for estimating lichen biomass (log10 kg.ha−1) were developed based on three pools of predictors, each pool demanding different levels of effort to obtain the data. First, we created models from topographic predictors that are easily extracted from GIS data. We then developed models based on both topographic and stand-structure variables. Finally, we developed models using topography, stand structure, and lichen community data. Results/Conclusions: Lichen biomass changed with elevation, cyanolichen biomass highest at low elevations (470–950 m) and forage lichen biomass highest at higher elevations (950–1470 m). Lichen biomass...
The Effects of Changes in Racial Identity and Self-Esteem on Changes in African American Adolescents' Mental Health

This study assessed the unique effects of racial identity and self-esteem on 259 African American adolescents' depressive and anxiety symptoms as they transitioned from the 7th to 8th grades (ages 12-14). Racial identity and self-esteem were strongly correlated with each other for males but not for females. For both males and females, an increase in racial identity over the 1 year was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of depressive symptoms over the same period, even with self-esteem controlled. It was concluded that racial identity may be as important as self-esteem to the mental health of African American adolescents, and it explains variance in their mental health not associated with feelings of oneself as an individual.
Semiempirical SCF-MO calculations of kinetic isotope effects

Carbon and deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on the isomerization of methyl isocyanide were calculated by using the geometries and force fields obtained with MNDO, AM1 and PM3 Hamiltonians. These theoretical KIE values were compared with the corresponding experimental values. None of the hamiltonians used proved to be superior to any of the others. The best agreement for the carbon isotope effect was obtained by using the PM3 method; however, the deuterium isotope effect obtained by this method gave the poorest fit to the experimental data. The opposite is true when the MNDO Hamiltonian was used.
Lead Increases Aldosterone Production by Rat Adrenal Cells

Exposure to lead has been postulated to contribute to elevated blood pressure in humans and has been shown to raise blood pressure in animals. The mechanism of action of lead on blood pressure is unknown. We fed lead to rats in their drinking water and then examined the production of aldosterone by their adrenal cells in vitro. We also measured excretion of aldosterone and corticosterone by intact rats stimulated with corticotropin, with and without lead treatment. At a dose (273 ppm) that raised blood levels to 30 to 40 micrograms/dL, comparable to blood levels in exposed humans, lead induced increased aldosterone secretion in vitro and in vivo. The effect of lead was most evident when cells or animals were stimulated with aldosterone secretagogues. Experiments in vitro indicate that exposure to lead in vivo increases activity of one or more steps in the late pathway of aldosterone biosynthesis. The results suggest that the hypertensive effect of lead involves relative hyperaldosteronism and may be most evident when secretion of this hormone is stimulated.
Methods of Measuring Changes in Egg Quality in Terms of Physical Grade and Economic Value

Abstract THE great interest in egg quality changes shown by egg marketing researchers and members of the egg trade have suggested a need for an examination of various measures of changes in egg quality. The authors have used, as a basis, the various methods of measuring changes that have been used at the Michigan station. We do not, in this paper, expect to explore all of the alternative methods of measuring egg quality. The discussion in this paper is limited to changes in egg quality as reflected by changes in individual eggs from one U. S. grade level to another. No effort was made to analyze here the information pertaining to various factors affecting changes in egg quality. It is expected, however, that much of the procedure suggested in this paper could be adapted readily to other systems of grading eggs and egg quality. To facilitate comparison, the quality changes in . . .
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Mortality in First 5 Years in Infants With Functional Single Ventricle Born in Texas, 1996 to 2003”

We concur with several of the issues addressed in the letter by Dr Hill and his colleagues. The low 5-year survival of 38% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome in our population-based study, in contrast to recent surgical survival reports for the Norwood procedure, may be explained by several factors. First, from 1996 to 2003, surgical outcomes were …
Normal coronary arteries in patients with systolic heart failure who have higher body mass index

Background Previous research has shown an association between higher body mass index (BMI) and lower mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods We compared the prevalence of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) and risk factors in obese versus non-obese patients with HF. Eighty-four consecutive patients with systolic HF who underwent coronary angiography in a single institution were categorized by BMI into non-obese (BMI Results Chi-square analysis demonstrated a greater prevalence of normal coronary arteries and a lesser prevalence of CAD in the obese patients compared with the non-obese patients (64% [27/42] of obese patients vs 43% [18/42] non-obese patients had normal coronary arteries, P P P 50% diameter stenosis) was similar between obese and non-obese patients, the obese subgroup had a lower high-density lipoprotein (39 vs 49 mg/dL, P Conclusions Angiographically normal coronary arteries were more prevalent in patients with systolic HF who have a higher BMI.
A New Statistical Approach for Glitch Estimation in Combinational Circuits

Low-power consumption has become a highly important concern for synchronous standard-cell design, and consequently mandates the use of low-power design methodologies and techniques. Glitches are not functionally significant in synchronous designs, but they consume a lot of power. By reducing glitching activity, we can reduce the dominant term in the power consumption of CMOS digital circuits. In this paper, we present a new method to estimate the glitching activity for different circuit nodes. The method is robust and produces accurate glitch probability numbers early in the design cycle. It does not have much overhead and it alleviates existing compute-intensive algorithms/methods
Adult Victims of Domestic Violence Battered Women

This research update reviews the vast accumulation of literature on woman battering during the past decade to present a synopsis of some of the selected works that may offer the greatest assistance to activists, practitioners, and researchers in the field. Beginning with a brief look at some theoretical viewpoints, the report then reviews research on battered women and the medical field, law enforcement, the legal system, homicide, marital rape, and child custody. Summaries following each topic focus on changes brought about by research findings. The last section critically examines some popular myths and stereotypes, showing that research has largely failed to support them. These include the topics of psychopathology (of victims and/or offenders), dangerousness for police, the battered husband syndrome, mutual combat, and the cycle of violence. The conclusion suggests other common assumptions that call for critical examination and a few topics deserving greater research attention.
RTQG: Real-Time Quorum-based Gossip Protocol for Unreliable Networks

We consider scheduling real-time tasks in the presence of message loss and Byzantine node failures in unreliable networks. We present scheduling algorithms called RTQG and RTQG-B. The algorithms use quorum-based gossip communication strategies for dynamically and dependably discovering eligible nodes. Compared with its predecessors,our protocol exhibits better performance. RTQG utilizes quorum systems to limit the range of each gossip round. Using the intersection property of quorum systems, RTQG has advantages in message propagation and robustness to Byzantine node failures. Our simulation studies verify our analytical results.
The Sociology of Intellectuals

The sociology of intellectuals has adopted three fundamentally distinct approaches to its subject. The Dreyfusards, Julien Benda, “new class” theorists, and Pierre Bourdieu treated intellectuals as potentially a class-in-themselves, that is, as having interests that distinguish them from other groups in society. Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault, and theorists of “authenticity” treated intellectuals as primarily class-bound, that is, representatives of their group of origin. Karl Mannheim, Edward Shils, and Randall Collins treated intellectuals as relatively class-less, that is, able to transcend their group of origin to pursue their own ideals. These approaches divided the field at its founding in the 1920s, during its mid-century peak, and in its late-century revival.
Hydrologic similarity among catchments under variable flow conditions

Abstract. An assessment of regional similarity in catchment stream response is often needed for accurate predictions in ungauged catchments. However, it is not clear whether similarity among catchments is preserved at all flow conditions. We address this question through the analysis of flow duration curves for 25 gauged catchments located across four river basins in the northeast United States. The coefficient of variation of streamflow percentiles is used as a measure of variability among catchments across flow conditions. Results show that similarity in catchment stream response is dynamic and highly dependent on flow conditions. Specifically, within each of the four basins, the coefficient of variation is high at low flow percentiles and gradually reduces for higher flow percentiles. Analysis of the inter-annual variation in streamflow percentiles shows a similar reduction in variability from low flow to high flow percentiles. Greater similarity in streamflows is observed during the winter and spring (wet) seasons compared to the summer and fall (dry) seasons. Results suggest that the spatial variability in streamflow at low flows is primarily controlled by the dominance of high evaporative demand during the warm period. On the other hand, spatial variability at high flows during the cold period is controlled by the increased dominance of precipitation input over evapotranspiration. By evaluating variability over the entire range of streamflow percentiles, this work explores the nature of hydrologic similarity from a seasonal perspective.
HIPERLAN type I: performance analysis of the channel access control protocol

The high performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) type 1 specification was adopted as a standard by the European Telecommunications Institute (ETSI) in late 1996. While many contributions on the performance of wireless LANs had been submitted in the standardization effort, certain HIPERLAN performance issues were left unresolved. Most of the published performance work so far has been based on simulations, not the analytic results. In this paper we present an analysis of HIPERLAN channel access control protocol in an ad hoc networking scenario. We derive expressions for the probability of success, the average overhead per-channel access cycle, and the network capacity. Using an M/G/1 queueing model we approximate the average delay using equilibrium point analysis techniques. In addition, a lower and an upper bound on the average delay as a function of the throughput are obtained.
Statistical Analysis of Historical Extreme Water Levels for the U.S. North Atlantic Coast Using Monte Carlo Life-Cycle Simulation

ABSTRACT Nadal-Caraballo, N.C.; Melby, J.A., and Gonzalez, V.M., 2016. Statistical analysis of historical extreme water levels for the U.S. North Atlantic coast using Monte Carlo life-cycle simulation. A statistical analysis of extreme water levels was performed for 23 locations throughout the U.S. North Atlantic coast. Extreme value analysis, which focused on historical observations, was followed by the application of a Monte Carlo life-cycle simulation methodology. This study was part of a broader effort to quantify coastal flooding hazards in this region. Twenty-three stations were selected based on location and record length, meeting the requirement of a minimum of 30 years of hourly water-level measurements. Monthly maxima data were also used to complement the hourly water-level observations. The use of available water-level data was maximized through the development of partial duration series that combined both monthly maxima and hourly data. A generalized Pareto distribution was used to fit combine...
Molecular mechanism of adenomatous polyposis coli-induced blockade of base excision repair pathway in colorectal carcinogenesis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of death in both men and women in North America. Despite chemotherapeutic efforts, CRC is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Thus, to develop effective treatment strategies for CRC, one needs knowledge of the pathogenesis of cancer development and cancer resistance. It is suggested that colonic tumors or cell lines harbor truncated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) without DNA repair inhibitory (DRI)-domain. It is also thought that the product of the APC gene can modulate base excision repair (BER) pathway through an interaction with DNA polymerase β (Pol-β) and flap endonuclease 1 (Fen-1) to mediate CRC cell apoptosis. The proposed therapy with temozolomide (TMZ) exploits this particular pathway; however, a high percentage of colorectal tumors continue to develop resistance to chemotherapy due to mismatch repair (MMR)-deficiency. In the present communication, we have comprehensively reviewed a critical issue that has not been addressed previously: a novel mechanism by which APC-induced blockage of single nucleotide (SN)- and long-patch (LP)-BER play role in DNA-alkylation damage-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
Bimetallic Cobalt–Dinitrogen Complexes: Impact of the Supporting Metal on N2 Activation

Expanding a family of cobalt bimetallic complexes, we report the synthesis of the Ti(III) metalloligand, Ti[N(o-(NCH2P(iPr)2)C6H4)3] (abbreviated as TiL), and three heterobimetallics that pair cobalt with an early transition metal ion: CoTiL (1), K(crypt-222)[(N2)CoVL] (2), and K(crypt-222)[(N2)CoCrL] (3). The latter two complexes, along with previously reported K(crypt-222)[(N2)CoAlL] and K(crypt-222)[(N2)Co2L], constitute an isostructural series of cobalt bimetallics that bind dinitrogen in an end-on fashion, i.e. [(N2)CoML]−. The characterization of 1–3 includes cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. The [CoTiL]0/– reduction potential is extremely negative at −3.20 V versus Fc+/Fc. In the CoML series where M is a transition metal, the reduction potentials shift anodically as M is varied across the first-row period. Among the [(N2)CoML]− compounds, the dinitrogen ligand is weakly activated, as evidenced by N–N bond lengths between 1.110(8) and 1.135(4) A and by N–N stretch...
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in the Cyber and Real World Examining the Extent of Cyber Aggression Experiences and Its Association With In-Person Dating Violence

This study explores the extent of cyber aggression victimization in intimate relationships and its co-occurrence with in-person experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual partner violence. Data were collected from 540 college students who reported being in a dating relationship in the past 12 months. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire that included measures assessing intimate partner victimization experiences in differing social contexts (through socially interactive technology and in face-to-face encounters). Findings indicated that intimate partner cyber aggression victimization is not uncommon, as nearly three quarters of respondents reported having experienced some form of it in the past year. Multivariate analyses also indicate that such aggression may be part of a larger violence nexus given its relation to in-person psychological, physical, and sexual partner violence victimization experiences. In light of these findings, it is recommended that longitudinal research encompassing multiple violence victimization experiences in varying social contexts is completed to determine whether online experiences foreshadow offline ones and, if so, consider interaction effects on outcomes as well as potential intervention strategies to reduce harm associated with such negative experiences.
Meningiomas With Rhabdoid Features Lacking Other Histologic Features of Malignancy: A Study of 44 Cases and Review of the Literature.

The behavior of rhabdoid meningiomas otherwise lacking malignant features remains unknown as most of the originally reported aggressive cases showed anaplastic histologic features independently of rhabdoid phenotype. We studied 44 patients with rhabdoid meningiomas lacking anaplastic features. Median age at diagnosis was 48.6 years (range 10-79). Location was supratentorial in 28 (63.6%), skull base in 15 (34.1%), and spinal in 1 (2.3%). Tumor grade was otherwise World Health Organization grade I (n = 22, 50%) or II (n = 22, 50%). Rhabdoid cells represented 50% in 14 (31.8%). Median clinical follow-up, available for 38 patients, was 5.0 years (range 0.17-14.2). Recurrence occurred in 9 patients (5-year recurrence-free survival, 73.7%) with a significantly higher risk in subtotally resected tumors (p = 0.043). Rhabdoid cell percentage was not associated with recurrence. Six patients died (4 of disease, 2 of unclear causes); 5-year overall survival was 86.7%, a mortality in excess of that expected in grade I-II meningiomas but much lower than originally reported. Review of 50 similar previously reported cases confirmed our findings. We suggest that rhabdoid meningiomas be graded analogously to nonrhabdoid tumors, with caution that some may still behave aggressively and close follow-up is recommended.
Induction of Chromosomal Structural Changes by a Chromosome of Aegilops cylindrica L. in Common Wheat

Chromosomal structural changes-deletions and translocations-occurred in almost half the progeny of a monosomic addition line of common wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 42, AABBDD), which had a chromosome from Aegilops cylindrica (2n = 28, CCDD). Most of the progeny with chromosomal structural changes lacked the A. cylindrica chromosome. Chromosome breaks were observed in various regions of all the wheat chromosomes and the A. cylindrica chromosome. Chromosome aberrations occurred far less frequently both in the self-progeny of the disomic addition plants and in the F1 monosomic addition plants derived from reciprocal crosses with normal common wheat. These findings suggest that when the A. cylindrica chromosome was in the sporophytes, chromosome breakage was likely to occur in the gametophytes that lacked it but that the gametophytes were still functional, resulting in the production of offspring with chromosomal structural changes.
Panel Data Models

The study of empirical models based on cross-section times series data dates back well into the early 1950s. However, the first modern attempt to consistently model the behavior of agents in such contexts can be traced to Balestra and Nerlove (1966), hereafter referred to as BN, who studied the demand for natural gas by state in the US, over the period 1957–1962.
Jim Schubert: Sui generis in life and as a scholar of biopolitics.

To his colleagues and the generations of students who had the privilege of knowing him, Jim Schubert was an inventive scholar, dedicated teacher, and tireless mentor. An innovative political scientist, Jim was skilled at incorporating the latest technologies and methods into his research. Engaging and creative as a teacher and mentor, Jim, according to a student and collaborator, “was maybe the kindest, smartest man you could ever meet.” Jim's pioneering work in the field of biopolitics reflect these qualities—he was truly “one of a kind.” As a scholar of biopolitics, Jim left behind a legacy that reflects what Gary Johnson, former editor of Politics and the Life Sciences , describes as the mission of both the journal and the association: “to advance knowledge of politics and promote better policymaking through multidisciplinary analysis that draws on the life sciences.”
Functional status of cortical and subcortical nonhemorrhagic stroke survivors and the effect of lesion laterality

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of cortical and subcortical infarcts and lesion laterality on the functional status of stroke survivors. Medical records of 72 stroke survivors admitted to an acute inpatient rehabilitation facility with a single nonhemorrhagic lesion were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of lesion level and hemisphere on admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and FIM gain. Admission FIM-Total and its subdimensions exhibited significant overall level (Wilk's lambda = 2.5; P = 0.03) and hemisphere-specific (Wilk's lambda = 2.3; P = 0.04) effects. Significant interaction between factors was noted only for the communication subdimension. Significant level and hemisphere-specific main effects were noted for admission FIM-Total (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). There were significant level-specific main effects for self-care (P = 0.01) and mobility (P = 0.03) and hemisphere and level-specific main effects for communication (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) and social cognition (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Discharge FIM-Total and its subdimensions exhibited significant overall level (Wilk's lambda = 2.5; P = 0.03) and hemisphere-specific (Wilk's lambda = 3.4; P = 0.01) effects. Discharge FIM subdimensions did not exhibit significant interaction between factors. Discharge FIM-Total was significant with respect to lesion level (P = 0.01) but not with respect to hemisphere (P = 0.08). There was a significant level-specific main effect for self-care (P = 0.01) and level and hemisphere-specific main effects for communication (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) and social cognition (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). FIM gain scores did not exhibit significant level (Wilk's lambda = 1.1; P = 0.36) or hemisphere-specific (Wilk's lambda = 1.4; P = 0.24) effects. The data suggest that the lesion level and hemisphere are important determinants of the function of nonhemorrhagic stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation.
Shareholder Wealth Effects of Real Estate Management Turnover

The first examination of shareholder wealth effects of top real estate management turnover is provided. The evidence supports the notion that real estate managers possess firm-specific human capital through knowledge of their firms' real estate holdings. Companies that announce top real estate management turnover experience, on average, significant negative abnormal returns. However, similar to other firms, the market reaction for real estate firms varies according to the type of management change being examined.
Adolescent Perceptions of Cholesterol Screening Results: "Young Invincibles" or Developing Adults?

Abstract Purpose Guidelines recommend cholesterol screening for all adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 17–21 years. Little is known about how screening results impact perceptions of AYA health. Methods We recruited 37 AYAs and 35 parents of AYAs with differing risk for abnormal cholesterol results: (1) familial hypercholesterolemia; (2) obesity; and (3) generally healthy. Participants completed quantitative health status ratings using visual analog scales (VASs) and semistructured interviews regarding three hypothetical cholesterol screening scenarios: (1) high likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD) before age 40 years ("high risk"); (2) some risk of CVD before age 70 years ("moderate risk"); and (3) low risk for CVD despite a strong family history of CVD ("low risk"). We analyzed VAS data with logistic regression and qualitative data with a priori and emergent coding using multiple coders. Results Each group perceived all three cholesterol screening scenarios as comparatively less than perfect health; the high-risk result fell furthest from perfect health. Although there was no significant difference between AYAs and parents in VAS ratings, qualitative analyses revealed AYAs were more likely than parents to discount the impact of moderate-risk results because of longer length of time before predicted CVD. Conclusions AYAs' and parents' perceptions of the impact of cholesterol screening results on AYA health varied by presented scenario, ranging from mild to significant decreases in perceptions of AYA health. As universal cholesterol screening continues to be adopted in this age group, further studies of the real-life impact on AYA risk perceptions and subsequent behavior are warranted.
Parameter Identification of Power Quality Disturbance Signal Using Fast Atomic Decomposition Method

The characteristic quantities of power quality disturbance signal such as amplitude, frequency, phase and the start and stop time of the disturbance can be accurately extracted by atomic decomposition. However a lot of calculation has to be performed during the atomic decomposition and it decreases the calculation speed. To remedy this defect, according to the feature of the signal the Gabor atomic dictionary is divided into five floors by fast atomic decomposition and the index parameter of each floor is simplified. Firstly, using fast Fourier transform(FFT) the main frequency of the sampled signal is measured, and the start and stop sampling point series of the disturbance is roughly extracted by wavelet transform; then making the signals passing through each floor of the Gabor atomic dictionary in sequence, the best matching atoms are searched from each floor correspondingly, and the best matching atoms are optimized by pseudo-Newton method and finally turned into the damped sinusoidal atoms when the energy of residual sinusoidal signals are regarded as the end condition for the judgment. Results of case simulation show that using the proposed method the power quality parameters can be accurately identified and the computational speed can be speeded up evidently, thus the effectiveness and real-time performance of the proposed method are validated.
Alveolar formation is dysregulated by restricted nutrition but not excess sedation in preterm lambs managed by noninvasive support

Preterm birth and respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation frequently leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A hallmark feature of BPD is alveolar simplification. For our preterm lamb model of BPD, invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with postnatal feeding intolerance (reduced nutrition) and sedation. In contrast, preterm lambs managed by noninvasive support (NIS) have normal alveolar formation, appropriate postnatal nutrition, and require little sedation. We used the latter, positive-outcome group to discriminate the contribution of reduced nutrition vs. sedation on alveolar simplification. We hypothesized that, restricted nutrition, but not sedation with pentobarbital, contributes to impaired indices of alveolar formation in preterm lambs managed by NIS. Preterm lambs managed by NIS for 21d were randomized into three groups: NIS control, NIS plus restricted nutrition, and NIS plus excess sedation with pentobarbital. We quantified morphological and biochemical indices of alveolar formation, as well as mesenchymal cell apoptosis and proliferation. Restricted nutrition impaired morphological and biochemical indices of alveolar formation, and reduced mesenchymal cell apoptosis and proliferation. Excess sedation with pentobarbital did not alter these indices, although mesenchymal cell apoptosis was less. Our results demonstrate that restricted nutrition, but not excess sedation, contributes to impaired alveolar formation during the evolution of BPD in chronically ventilated preterm lambs.
A Real Time Embedded Face Detector on FPGA

Intelligent computing systems demand Human Computer Interfaces that detect and recognize the faces of human users at human interaction speeds. A real-time face detector accurately locates human faces in real-time video streams. While software implementations are effective with regards to accuracy and ease of integration, they suffer from low detection throughput on real-time video signals. In this paper we identify benefits and drawbacks of evolving face detection from software to hardware. We illustrate these tradeoffs by detailing the implementation of an Artificial Neural Network face detector on a midsize FPGA. The prototype achieves 94% detection accuracy at real-time detection rates.
Clinician–patient communication measures: drilling down into assumptions, approaches, and analyses

Abstract Objective To critically examine properties of clinician–patient communication measures and offer suggestions for selecting measures appropriate to the purposes of research or clinical practice assessment. Methods We analyzed different types of communication measures by focusing on their ontological properties. We describe their relative advantages and disadvantages with respect to different types of research questions. Results Communication measures vary along dimensions of reporter (observer vs. participant), focus of measurement (behavior, meaning, or quality), target, and timing. Observer coded measures of communication behavior function well as dependent variables (e.g., evaluating communication skill interventions, examining variability related to gender or race), but are less effective as predictors of perceptions and health outcomes. Measures of participants’ judgments (e.g., what the communication means or how well it was done) capture patients’ or clinicians’ experiences (e.g., satisfaction) and can be useful for predicting outcomes, especially in longitudinal designs. Conclusion In the absence of a theoretically coherent set of measures that could be used across research programs and applied setting, users should take steps to select measures with properties that are optimally matched to specific questions. Practice Implications Quality assessments of clinician–patient communication should take into account the timing of the assessment and use measures that drill down into specific aspects of patient experience to mitigate ceiling effects.
Lipophilic Polycation Vehicles Display High Plasmid DNA Delivery to Multiple Cell Types

A class of cationic poly(alkylamidoamine)s (PAAAs) containing lipophilic methylene linkers were designed and examined as in vitro plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery agents. The PAAAs were synthesized via step-growth polymerization between a diamine monomer and each of four different diacid chloride monomers with varying methylene linker lengths, including glutaryl chloride, adipoyl chloride, pimeloyl chloride, and suberoyl chloride, which served to systematically increase the lipophilicity of the polymers. The synthesized polymers successfully complexed with pDNA in reduced serum medium at N/P ratios of 5 and greater, resulting in polyplexes with hydrodynamic diameters of approximately 1 μm. These polyplexes were tested for in vitro transgene expression and cytotoxicity using HDFa (human dermal fibroblast), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), HMEC (human mammary epithelial), and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial) cells. Interestingly, select PAAA polyplex formulations were found to be more effective than Lipo...
The negative impact of understaging rectal cancer patients.

Abstract Background Neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy is standard treatment of clinical node positive rectal cancer. Understaging leads to delay in treatment with possible detrimental results. This study analyses effects of understaging stage III rectal cancer on long-term outcomes. Methods A consecutive series of patients, operated on in MGH between 2004 and 2015 was included. Outcomes of non-neoadjuvantly treated clinical stage I patients who turned out to have pathological stage III disease and neoadjuvantly treated clinical stage III patients were retrospectively reviewed. The latter group was subdivided into patients who had persistent nodal disease (ypN+) and patients without positive lymph nodes after neoadjuvant treatment (ypN0). Results Of the 204 included patients, 30 had unexpected nodal disease on pathology. Clinical stage I-patients had higher rates of local recurrence, and rectal cancer and overall mortality than ypN0-patients. Conclusion Understaging stage III rectal cancer led to poorer oncologic outcomes, when compared to patients without positive lymph nodes on pathology after neoadjuvant. Future research should focus on identifying patients with treatment susceptible lymph node involvement.
“The ryche man hatz more nede thanne the pore”: Economics and Dependence in Dives and Pauper

Dives and Pauper, an early fifteenth-century dialogue between a wealthy layperson and a poor wanderer, is intensely concerned with the ways in which economic activities both tie society together and create imaginary divisions. This chapter situates the author’s analysis of economic and social privilege within the larger context of Franciscan theological and philosophical explorations of ownership and economics. While the ideas in Dives and Pauper contain the potential for radical social change, its author repeatedly stops short of advancing political solutions for his audience. Instead, his focus is on changing his audience’s mental orientation toward his or her social position.
Context and Case-Based Reasoning

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is fundamentally context-based. CBR’s basic principles reflect that reasoning must be done in context, and context is reflected throughout the CBR process. This chapter begins by highlighting how the importance of context is reflected in three key CBR tenets. It then samples two sides of CBR and context. First, it considers the role of context within the CBR process itself, sketching how context drives CBR processing, for internal CBR tasks such as case retrieval, similarity assessment, case delineation and elaboration. Second, it considers applications of CBR for context-aware systems. It then proposes directions for enriching the treatment of context within the CBR process. It closes with a case study of research on one of those directions, increasing the context-sensitivity of case adaptation.
Disposability and gendered control in labor migration: Limiting women’s mobility through cultural and institutional norms:

In this article, I draw upon interviews with 30 Nepali returned women migrant workers to elucidate how the gendered institutional logics of both the Nepali state and for-profit manpower companies s...
The effect of administration mode on CAHPS survey response rates and results: A comparison of mail and web-based approaches.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare response rates, respondents' characteristics, and substantive results for CAHPS surveys administered using web and mail protocols. DATA SOURCES Patients who had one or more primary care visits in the preceding 6 months. STUDY DESIGN/DATA COLLECTION METHODS Patients for whom primary care practices had email addresses were randomized to one of four survey administration protocols: web via a portal invitation; web via an email invitation; combination of web and mail; and mail only. Another sample of patients without known email addresses was surveyed by mail. Samples of nonrespondents to the Internet and mail protocols were surveyed by telephone. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Response rates to surveys administered using the Internet protocols were lower than for the surveys administered by mail (20 percent vs over 40 percent). However, characteristics of respondents and survey answers were very similar across protocols. Respondents without email addresses were older, less educated, and more likely to be male than those with email addresses, and there were a few differences in their responses. There was little evidence of nonresponse bias in either the mail or web protocols. CONCLUSION In this well-educated patient population, web protocols had lower response rates, but substantive results very similar to those from mail protocols.
The Technology Juggernaut

Any discussion about globalization is incomplete without a discussion of technological evolution. After all, technology played as a catalyst for globalization and helped it spread with unprecedented pace. Even presently, it is the technology that is making the world a small place to live in.
Modeling Compositionality with Multiplicative Recurrent Neural Networks

Abstract: We present the multiplicative recurrent neural network as a general model for compositional meaning in language, and evaluate it on the task of fine-grained sentiment analysis. We establish a connection to the previously investigated matrix-space models for compositionality, and show they are special cases of the multiplicative recurrent net. Our experiments show that these models perform comparably or better than Elman-type additive recurrent neural networks and outperform matrix-space models on a standard fine-grained sentiment analysis corpus. Furthermore, they yield comparable results to structural deep models on the recently published Stanford Sentiment Treebank without the need for generating parse trees.
What Do Pedagogies Produce? Thinking/Teaching Qualitative Inquiry:

Teaching matters. And there are many ways to teach, particularly when it comes to qualitative inquiry. Accordingly, we consider how qualitative pedagogical practices can attend to the ways in which...
An Early Version of Peter Lombard's Lectures on the Sentences

The discovery of a copy (in Lincoln MS 230) of Peter Lombard's lectures on the Sentences in three books (starting with the hexameral discussion that follows the treatise on the angels in the four-book version edited by Brady) makes possible for the first time investigating the development of the Lombard's theological teaching during his Parisian teaching career and the fortuna of that teaching outside of Paris. The fact that the Lombard began his early-career lectures on the Sentences in precisely the same place as he began his lectures on Genesis means that all of his teaching originated with Scripture. Moreover, the fact that Lincoln MS 230 is one of many early copies of the Lombard's Parisian teaching found in English cathedral libraries — Lincoln's Cathedral Library has another manuscript containing another copy of the Sentences, Lincoln MS 31, this one on four books, almost certainly copied within the Lombard's lifetime — has revealed the inadequacy of Brady's edition for scholarly understanding of the Lombard's career and teaching. Until now, no scholar paid much attention to the fact that Brady's choice of manuscripts was largely arbitrary and that his edition reflected the state of the Lombard's text around the time of Bonaventure in the mid-thirteenth century. Thus this discovery makes clear that the Sentences, like Gratian's Decretum and Comestor's History, developed over time. The Sentences were not, as so long assumed, a book written by the Lombard late in his career but rather the product of lectures delivered over the course of his career. The discovery of a treasure trove of English manuscripts preserving the Lombard's earliest extant Parisian teaching will enable scholars for the first time to trace the origins and development of the institutional practices of the cathedral school of Paris right up to the time of its transformation into the University of Paris.
Latinxs in contention: A systemic functional linguistic analysis of 11th-grade U.S. history textbooks

Situated in an increasingly hostile political climate toward traditionally marginalized individuals, including those with Latinx identity, our study uses systemic functional linguistics to examine ...
Critical Religious Pluralism in Higher Education: A Social Justice Framework to Support Religious Diversity

This text presents a new critical theory addressing religious diversity, Christian religious privilege, and Christian hegemony in the United States. It meets a growing and urgent need in our society—the need to bring together religiously diverse ways of thinking and being in the world, and eventually to transform our society through intentional pluralism. The primary goal of Critical Religious Pluralism Theory (CRPT) is to acknowledge the central roles of religious privilege, oppression, hegemony, and marginalization in maintaining inequality between Christians and non-Christians (including the nonreligious) in the United States. Following analysis of current literature on religious, secular, and spiritual identities within higher education, and in-depth discussion of critical theories on other identity elements, the text presents seven tenets of CRPT alongside seven practical guidelines for utilizing the theory to combat the very inequalities it exposes. For the first time, a critical theory will address directly the social impacts of religious diversity and its inherent benefits and complications in the United States. Critical Religious Pluralism in Higher Education will appeal to scholars, researchers, and graduate students in higher education, as well as critical theorists from other disciplines.
Social Media Responses to Elective Surgery Cancellations in the Wake of COVID-19.

Objective To assess public response to cancellations of elective surgeries following the American College of Surgeons' (ACS) recommendation on March 13. Methods We queried text comments from Reddit, a social media platform and the fifth most popular website in the United States. Comments were manually reviewed to assess for relevance to elective surgery in the United States during the global coronavirus outbreak, whether the text was written by a healthcare worker (HCW), whether the user was based in the United States, and whether the text documented cancellations of surgery, expected cancellations of surgery, or surgery ongoing after the ACS announcement. Analysis of overall sentiment and negativity in comment text was performed using the Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER), a validated natural language processing tool previously used in studies of health behaviors using social media. Non-parametric tests were used for subgroup comparisons based on posting date and characteristics identified during manual review. Results Following manual review, 1272 comments were included for analysis. Overall sentiment among non-HCWs became significantly more negative following the ACS announcement (P = 0.037). Overall sentiment did not significantly differ between HCWs and non-HCWs prior to the ACS announcement (P = 0.98), but non-HCW sentiment became significantly more negative than HCW sentiment after the announcement (P = 0.027). Negativity scores in posts describing cancellations were significantly higher among posts written by non-HCWs than HCWs (P = 0.028). Conclusions Cancellation of elective surgeries had an adverse emotional impact on non-HCWs. This finding highlights the importance of access to elective surgery to patients' emotional well-being.
Improving the Efficiency of Measurements of Combustible Gases Concentration by a Thermocatalytic Sensor

Thermocatalytic sensors are widely used in gas analysis systems and have high reliability and low cost. However, errors in measuring the concentration of combustible gases related to the non-linearity of the conversion characteristic and the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations significantly limit the scope of their application. Purpose of reseach . Development of a method for measuring gas concentration by thermocatalytic sensors, which allows reducing measurement errors by tuning out due to ambient temperature influence and linearization of the conversion characteristic. Problems . They are as follows: to develop a method for temperature stabilization of a thermocatalytic sensor; to make a structural and functional scheme for the sensor activation; to obtain a mathematical description of the method and substantitation for tuning out as a result of temperature influence; to experimentally confirm the possibility of linearization of the sensor conversion function in the thermal stabilization mode. Methods . The mathematical description of the method applies the theory of heat transfer and the theory of electrical circuits with discrete signals. When analyzing existing solutions and synthesizing the device, methods for calculating circuits with nonlinear elements and the theory of measurement systems have been used. The real conversion function has been obtained through an experimental method. Results . A method for measuring gas concentration by a thermocatalytic sensor with the use of a microcontroller and PWM has been developed. It allows reducing errors due to tuning out as a result of ambient temperature influence. A mathematical description of the method has been given. An experiment has been performed. It demonstrates the effectiveness of using temperature stabilization to linearize the conversion characteristic. Conclusion . The paper proposes a method for temperature stabilization of thermocatalytic gas sensors. The method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measurements by tuning out due to the influence of temperature fluctuations and linearization of the conversion function. The possibility of linearization of the sensor function has been experimentally confirmed. It characterizes the dependence of the output signal on the concentration of combustible gas. Using this method allows you to reduce the cost of the sensor, improve the quality factors of the sensor, such as the reliability and stability of parameters.
Workshop on X-Ray Optics

The X-Ray Optics Working Group provides an informal setting for the interested engineers and scientists to meet and discuss issues related to the design, analysis, cooling, fabrication, and metrology of x-ray optics. Topics for discussion can be e-mailed to the organizer, Dr. Ali Khounsary (amk@iit.edu), prior to the meeting.
Investigating direct and indirect influences of parent personality on child medication adherence

This study examined whether parent-provider communication or parent involvement in the child’s regimen mediated relationships between select parent personality traits and child medication adherence...