cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions of light and nitrogen on photosynthesis and growth of the marine macroalga Ulva curvata (Kützing) De Toni

Abstract Ulva curvata (Kutzing) De Toni was cultivated outdoors at two nitrogen (ammonia) concentrations in combination with four light levels in order to determine the relationship of growth and photosynthesis under different levels of light and nutrients. The results showed that nitrogen concentration affects growth and photosynthesis only under optimal (200–500 μE·m−2·s−1) light conditions. Growth was always saturated at lower irradiance than was photosynthesis, independent of the nutrient regimes. Two major conclusions can be inferred from these results: first, whenever the growth of U. curvata is limited by the supply of inorganic nutrients rather than by the rate of photosynthesis, the plant will produce more photosynthetic products than can be used for growth or are required for respiration; and second, photosynthesis is only one of many processes involved in growth, and should not be considered as equivalent to growth. Our findings emphasize that light is an important factor controlling growth of this species, and that nitrogen would be limiting only at saturated light conditions.
The use of structural distal femoral allografts for acetabular reconstruction. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: Acetabular fixation during revision total hip arthroplasty in patients who have a nonsupportive superior dome and proximal migration of the acetabular component (a Paprosky Type-IIIa defect) cannot be achieved reliably with use of a hemispherical porouscoated component alone. The purposes of the present study were to determine the long-term results associated with the use of a porous-coated hemispherical acetabular component, supported with a distal femoral structural allograft, for revision at the site of a Type-IIIa defect and to determine if graft resorption leads to late failure. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who had an acetabular reconstruction with use of a distal femoral allograft for the treatment of a Type-IIIa defect between January 1985 and December 1990 were followed annually with clinical and radiographic evaluations. At the time of the latest follow-up, eight patients had died and one patient had been lost to follow-up. One of the patients who died had had a clinical failure at 4.5 years postoperatively and was included in the analysis. Therefore, twenty-three patients, who had had an average age of sixty-one years at the time of the index procedure, were evaluated at an average of 10.3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Five acetabular components were re-revised because of aseptic loosening at an average of 5.3 years after the index procedure. Radiographically, all but one of the remaining components were stable and showed evidence of bone ingrowth. The average Merle D'Aubigne and Postel hip score improved from 5 points preoperatively to 10 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Allograft bone resorption, although difficult to quantitate, was observed around six of the seventeen stable components and around two of the five components that failed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: Acetabular revision with use of a porous-coated acetabular component along with a structural distal femoral allograft for the treatment of a Type-IIIa defect demonstrated a high rate of clinical and radiographic success after an average of ten years of follow-up.
Degradation of amphotericin B: Cleavage of the glycosidic linkage with aluminum amalgam [Al(Hg)] of dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ)

Abstract After appropriate protection of the hydroxyl and other functional groups present in amphotericin B, reductive and oxidative cleavages of the glycosidic linkage are effected with Al(Hg) and DDQ to obtain the C(1)-C(19) fragment and the C(19)-ketone correspondong to the aglycone, respectively.
Spinor--spinor Bethe--Salpeter equation in the Cohen approximation

Abstract The Cohen approximation has been applied to the spinor-spinor Bethe-Salpeter equation, Phase shifts for the 1 S 0 and 3 P 0 channels have been obtained and compared with those of exact calculations. Major features of these exact solutions are reproduced by the Cohen approximation.
Improvement in quantitative correction in SIMS using Saha-Eggert equation

Improvement in Quantitative Correction in SIMS Using Saha-Eggert Equation A quantitative conversion of the secondary-ion current intensities into the elemental concentrations using the Saha-Eggert ionization equation was tried with a 78Ni-18Cr-1Ti-1Fe-1Cu-1Zr (each in at %) alloy. Improvements were made on the best-fit search of fitting parameters (T andN e). It proved to be important for the success in the conversion (1) to use the secondary-ion intensities from the sample in oxygen gas of >1.5×10−3 Pa, (2) to add the molecularion intensities to those of mother atomic ions even when the former are small and (3) to search for the fitting parameters considering the relative errors of concentrations not only for the internal standards but for as many elements as possible. With these procedures the largest error of elemental concentration could be reduced to 22% (Ar+ bombardment), 31% (O2 + bombardment) and 19% (N2 +bombardment).
Using notched semi circular bending fatigue test to characterize fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures

Abstract This paper presents a new method of using the notched semi circular bending (SCB) fatigue test to characterize the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. In order to achieve this goal, finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to establish the correlations of effective crack length vs. deformation and stress intensity factor vs. effective crack length. Notched SCB fatigue test was then conducted on four asphalt mixtures made with different asphalt binders. Using the correlations developed by FEA and following the suggested procedures, the curves of deformation vs. loading cycles from the fatigue test were converted to fit the Paris law. The fracture parameters were finally obtained by regression analysis. The results show that the fracture parameters from this study agreed well with those found in the published literature, indicating that the proposed method was valid for characterizing the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The results also show that the change in asphalt binder properties caused by adding different additives eventually resulted in the differences in fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures.
Frequency of hepatic contour abnormalities and signs of portal hypertension at CT in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer metastatic to the liver.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine the frequency of hepatic contour abnormalities and signs of portal hypertension at serial CT in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer metastatic to the liver. Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified 91 women with breast cancer metastatic to the liver who received chemotherapy and underwent serial CT at our institution between 1998 and 2002. Two readers independently categorized hepatic contour abnormalities on the final CT examination as none, limited retraction, widespread retraction, or diffuse nodularity. Readers also recorded the development of hepatic atrophy or enlargement, ascites, portosystemic collateral veins, and splenomegaly. Interpretative discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Portal hypertension was defined as the presence of at least two of the following CT signs: simple ascites, portosystemic collateral veins, and splenomegaly. Results After a median follow-up interval of 15 months (range, 1–46), hepatic contour abnormalities were seen in 68 of 91 patients (75%) and consisted of limited retraction ( n =42), widespread retraction ( n =10), or diffuse nodularity ( n =16). Portal hypertension was found in 1 of 23 patients without contour abnormalities, in 1 of 42 patients with limited retraction, in none of 10 patients with widespread retraction, and in 6 of 16 patients with diffuse nodularity ( P Conclusion Hepatic contour abnormalities commonly develop at serial CT in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer metastatic to the liver and may be accompanied by signs of portal hypertension; the latter are particularly, but not exclusively, associated with the development of diffuse hepatic nodularity.
Factors associated with middle and secondary students' perceived science competence

The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of students' perceived science competence by examining potentially related beliefs and perceptions in a diverse sample of middle and secondary students (N = 1289). Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that students' perceived science competence was related to: (a) students' age, gender, and ethnicity; (b) students' mastery and performance–approach goals; (c) students' self-perceptions of their ability to generate creative ideas (i.e., creative self-efficacy); and (d) students' perceptions of teacher support and press (i.e., challenging academic demands). Of all these factors, creative self-efficacy was found to have the strongest positive relationship with students' perceived science competence. Implications for subsequent research are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 800–814, 2007
Effects of imaging conditions on mitochondrial transport and length in larval motor axons of Drosophila.

The distribution of mitochondria is sensitive to physiological stresses and changes in metabolic demands. Consequently, it is important to carefully define the conditions facilitating live imaging of mitochondrial transport in dissected animal preparations. In this study, we examined Schneider's and the haemolymph-like solutions HL3 and HL6 for their suitability to image mitochondrial transport in motor axons of dissected Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Overall, mitochondrial transport kinetics in larval motor axons appeared similar among all three solutions. Unexpectedly, HL3 solution selectively increased the length of mitochondria in the context of the net-direction of transport. We also found that mitochondrial transport is sensitive to the extracellular Ca2+ but not glutamate concentration. High concentrations of extracellular glutamate affected only the ratio between motile and stationary mitochondria. Our study offers a valuable overview of mitochondrial transport kinetics in larval motor axons of Drosophila under various conditions, guiding future studies genetically dissecting mechanisms of mitochondrial transport.
Developmental Changes in Strategic Approaches to Classification.

Abstract Recent research on the development of classification skills has revealed intriguing developmental changes in the kinds of strategies preschoolers use to sort items. Two experiments examined the nature of these changes by analyzing the classification strategies of 3-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and adults as they sorted miniature furniture items into functional room groupings (e.g., living room, dining room) or basic-level categories (e.g., tables, chairs). Of particular interest in Experiment 1 was that 5-year-olds and adults used different sorting strategies for the two tasks, whereas 3-year-olds relied on the same strategy for both. Although 5-year-olds were not as successful as adults in implementing the strategies, their behavior marks an important developmental advance in strategic planning and flexibility. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that those children who were most successful in producing correct groupings were also most likely to modify their strategies according to the task demands.
New Insight Into Deformation-Dependent Hydraulic Permeability of Hydrogels and Cartilage

Hydrogels have numerous applications in biomedical engineering and biotechnology, such as in cellular and tissue engineering. The transient mechanical behavior of hydrogels is related to its interstitial fluid flow which is governed by hydraulic permeability. The hydraulic permeability of hydrogels and other hydrated soft tissues (e.g., cartilage and intervertebral disc) is deformation dependent [1–3]. Several empirical expressions for deformation-dependent permeability of cartilage have been proposed, in order to quantify the fluid flow within a gel or tissue under mechanical loading [1,2,4]. In this paper, we report a new approach to investigating deformation-dependent permeability of hydrogels. The objective of this study is to find a relationship between hydraulic permeability and tissue porosity (water content) for hydrogels, and in turn derive its deformation-dependent permeability. This study is important for understanding biological responses of cells to interstitial fluid flow in gels or in cartilage under mechanical loading.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Spectrophotometry of Pluto-Charon Mutual Events: Individual Spectra of Pluto and Charon

Time-resolved spectra of the 3 March and 4 April 1987 mutual events of Pluto and its satellite Charon were obtained with spectral coverage from 5,500 to 10,000 angstroms with 25 angstrom spectral resolution. Since both events were total occultations of Charon by Pluto, spectra were obtained of the anti-Charon-facing hemisphere of Pluto, with no contribution from Charon during totality. On 4 April, a combined spectrum of Pluto and Charon immediately before first contact was also obtained. The spectrum of the Pluto-facing hemisphere of Charon was extracted by differencing the pre-event and totality spectra. The spectra were reduced to reflectances by ratioing them to spectra of solar analog stars. Charon has a featureless reflectance spectrum, with no evidence of methane absorption. Charon's reflectance appears neutral in color and corresponds to a geometric albedo of approximately 0.37 at 6000 angstroms. The Pluto reflectance spectrum displays methane absorption bands at 7300, 7900, 8400, 8600, and 8900 angstroms and is red in color, with a geometric albedo of approximately 0.56 at 6000 angstroms. The signal-to-noise ratios of the eclipse spectra were not high enough to unambiguously identify the weaker methane band at 6200 angstroms.
The recovery of virulent nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, from the feces of birds

English sparrows have been observed methodically searching cabbage plants for insects. Cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni, in the advanced stages of nuclear polyhedrosis, lose their natural defense mechanisms and become easy prey for birds. Examination of individual aqueous suspensions of bird feces collected from a cabbage field in St. Louis County, Missouri, in July 1968, revealed high numbers of polyhedra inclusion bodies in 9 of the 12 samples. Per os inoculation of third instar T. ni larvae proved that all 12 suspensions contained virulent polyhedra (i.e., virus) capable of producing the polyhedrosis.
AUTONOMIC LEVELS AND LABILITY, AND PERFORMANCE TIME ON A PERCEPTUAL TASK AND A SENSORY-MOTOR TASK.

Szrmn~ary.-This experiment was intended to evaluate further an hypothesis in which perceptual and sensory-motor performances were considered to be influenced by autonomic processes via autonomic regulation of cortical activity. For this purpose, lability and level measures of sudomotor activity and heart rate were obtained during rest and performance in 54 male Ss. The hypothesis was consistently supported in 7 significant or near-significant correlations out of a possible 14. Faster performance time on the sensory-motor task was found with Ss having low resting heart rate, increased heart-rate variability during performance, and low levels of skin resistance. Faster performance time on rhe perceptual task was found in Ss with a h~gh frequency of GSR acriviry during performance. Also, an interaction effect was suggested berween some of the autonomic measures, being most pronounced in the perceptual task.
WO3 – seine Züchtung und kristallographische Untersuchung

Unter Verwendung chemischer Transportreaktionen und der Schmelzlosungskristallisation gelang die Zuchtung von WO3-Einkristallen. Als Transportgase dienten HCl, Cl2 und CCl4 (geschlossenes System), und das untersuchte Temperaturgebiet lag zwischen 650 und 1100°C. Zur Schmelzlosungszuchtung dienten die binaren Systeme WO3Na3AlF6, NaPO3 und Li2MoO4. Die erhaltenen Kristalle werden rontgenographisch, morphologisch und mikroskopisch untersucht sowie ihr Idealitatsgrad abgeschatzt. Insbesondere durch Anwendung chemischer Transportreaktion werden WO3-Einkristalle erhalten, die infolge ihrer morphologischen Ausbildung und des geringen Storungsgrades zu wissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschungen herangezogen werden konnen.
The Reciprocity of Clearness and Range of Attention

Resume La loi de la reciprocite de la clarte et de la portee de l'attention, laquelle dit que la portee de l'attention devrait varier inversement avec le degre de clarte de ce qui se trouve dans la portee, devrait avoir des implications importantes pour la theorie de l'attention. Mais il a eu lieu tres peu de verification directe de la loi. Dans cette experience, on a employe des groupes de lettres exposees au moyen du tachistoscope pour determiner la portee de “controle” de l'attention. On a determine aussi une portee de “test” de l'attention au moyen de groupes semblables de lettres, dans chacun desquels on a augmente la clarte d'une lettre “critique” au moyen d'un des moyens suivants: changement de grandeur, changement de couleur, ou changement de position. Dans le cas de tous les vingt observateurs, ces conditions ont reussi a augmenter la clarte des lettres critiques, comme mesuree par la frequence des rapports corrects; et pour dix-neuf des observateurs cette augmentation a ete suivie d'une diminuti...
Selenium and vitamin E status in cystic fibrosis

3. Rao GJS, Platt M W, and Nadler HL: Reaction of 4methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate with proteases in plasma of patients With cystic fibrosis, Enzyme 23:314, 1978. 4. Clayton RJ, Iber FL, Ruebner BH, and McKusick VA: Byler's disease: Fatal familial intrahepatic cholestasis in an Amish kindred, Am J Dis Child 117:112, 1969. 5. Oppenheimer EH, and Esterly JR: Hepatic changes in young infants wit h cystic fibrosis, J PEDIATR 86:683, 1975. 6. Bonin A, Roy CC, LaSalle R, Weber A, and Morin CL: Fecal chymotrypsin: A reliable index of exocrine pancreatic function in children, J PEDIATR 83:594 , 1973. 7. Hahn TJ, Squires AE, Halstead LR, and Strominger DB: Reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitami n D concentration and disordered mineral metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis, J PEDIATR 94:38, 19791 8. Schwachman H: Cystic fibrosis, Curr Probl Pediatr 8:1, 1978. 9. MacLean WC, and Tripp RW: Cystic fibrosis with edema and falsely negatfve sweat test, J PEDIATR 83:86, 1973. 10. Mace JW, and Schanberger JE: Elevated sweat chlorides in a child with malnutrition, Clin Pediatr 10:285, 1971. 11. Morse WI, Cochrane WA, and Landrigan PL: Familial hypoparathyroidism With pernicious anemia, steatorrhea and adrenocortical insufficiency, N Engl J Med 264:1021, 1961. 12. Gibson LE, Matthews WJ, Minihan PT, and Patti JA: Relating mucus, calcium and sweatin a new concept of cystic fibrosis, Pediatrics 48:695, 1971. 13. Weber A, and Roy CC: The malabsorption associated with chronic liver disease in children, Pediatrics 50i73, 1972. 14. Hubbard VS, Dunn GD, and Di Sant'Agnese PA: Abnormal fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids in cystic fibrosis--A primary or a secondary defect? Lancet 2:1302, 1977. 15. Alagille D, and Odievre M: Cholestasis in children, in Alagille D, and Odievre M, editors: Liver and biliary tract disease in children, New York, 1979, John Wiley & Sons, lnc, p 163. 16. Gibson LE, and Cooke RE: A test for concentration of electrolytes in sweat in cystic fibrosis Of tile pancreas utilizing pilocarpine by iontophoresis, Pediatrics 23:545, 1959.
Optimization with frequency constraints—limitations

Abstract After outlining an efficient algorithm for designing minimum weight structures for a specified frequency of vibration, the limitations of designing such structures are stressed. It is shown that the amount of material that would be necessary for an optimum bar or a beam of a fixed configuration (length and boundary conditions) to attain an abitrarily prescribed frequency can be disproportionately high, yielding a design that is completely impractical. In some cases there is an upper bound on the maximum frequency that can be attained irrespective of the amount of material used. The effectiveness of configuration changes in conjunction with optimization is emphasized to circumvent this difficulty.
Victims of random violence and the public health implication: A health care or criminal justice issue?

There is a growing population of violent crime victims. This fast growing population is filled with people who are physically disabled due to serious wounds sustained during criminal episodes of random violence. The ranks of this emerging population seem to be the cities' poor; disproportionately represented by minorities (African Americans) who pose serious threat to an already weakened health care system.
Human papillomaviruses bind a basal extracellular matrix component secreted by keratinocytes which is distinct from a membrane-associated receptor

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have previously been shown to adsorb to cultured cells via membrane-associated heparan sulfate (HS) and alpha6 integrin. We demonstrate that cultured keratinocytes uniquely secrete a component into the basal extracellular matrix (ECM) which can function to adsorb HPV particles which can then be internalized by adherent cells. This uncharacterized basal ECM adsorption receptor was secreted by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and by each of the four keratinocyte-derived cell lines we examined, but not by non-keratinocyte cell lines. Multiple HPV types bound preferentially to this keratinocyte-specific receptor over the membrane-associated receptor, and binding to the basal ECM adsorption receptor was refractory to inhibition by heparin. Like the membrane-associated receptor, this basal ECM component was functional as an adsorption receptor in our in vitro infection model using HPV-11. Unlike particle adsorption, however, successful infection with HPV-11 virions remained sensitive to the pretreatment of virions with heparin. The secreted basal ECM receptor did not colocalize with antibodies against HS, perlecan, or alpha6 integrin, but colocalized with antibody against laminin-5, a marker of keratinocyte ECM and an abundant component of the basement membrane in mucosa and skin. These findings suggest a model for natural infections in which HPV virions, nonspecifically adsorbed to HS on suprabasal keratinocytes throughout an epithelial wound, might be transferred to mitotically active migrating keratinocytes via an intermediate association with the ECM secreted by these cells as they reestablish the basement membrane.
The role of mitogens and antigens in the generation of antibody-producing human B lymphocytes.

Satisfactory experimental systems with which to study the antigen specific humoral immune response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes have not been available until recently. A commonly used method for the study of antibody production by human lymphocytes is that developed by Fauci and Pratt. This system is considered to be antigen nonspecific since the antigen against which the determined antibody is directed is not added to the cultures. We show here that the assumption of the Fauci-Pratt system being antigen nonspecific is not justified. An essential ingredient of this culture system is human serum that has been exhaustively absorbed with antigen (sheep red blood cells). This absorption procedure causes shedding of highly immunogenic antigenic fragments whose immunogenic activity we demonstrated using a recently developed antigen-dependent culture system. In the latter system, we have shown that the control of suppressor cells is a critical factor for the successful induction of antibody responses, particularly in view of the fact that lymphocyte mitogens must be added to cultured human lymphocytes to support their responsiveness. Appropriate timing of mitogen addition to the cultures was found to be an effective means of preferentially stimulating helper or suppressor activity. Pokeweed mitogen, a mitogen known to act on B and on T lymphocytes, stimulates B-cell responses readily but abrogates them prematurely by the simultaneous activation of suppressor cells. When pokeweed mitogen is added to an ongoing response with a delay of 48 hr, it enhances antibody responses markedly, presumably by providing additional help to B cells at a time when they have lost susceptibility to suppressor-cell effects.
Jury size and jury verdicts

The analysis of jury size and jury verdicts in criminal m a t t e r s now has along , though interrupted , history . Work In this subject in the 18th and 19th centuries by Condorcet arid Laplace is discussed and the Poisson model of the 1830's is highighted . The latter is modified t o analyze the America1 jury experience of the 20th century. Recent U. S. Supreme Court decis on sin the 1970's on jury size and jury decisiol - making have created a resurgence of interest especially on a comparison of six member and twelve member juries . Some comparisons of size in terms of probabilities of errors invericts are presented.
"Intelligent" team decision making

This study investigates the effects of an intelligent agent's participation during team decision making. We compare intelligent agents and knowledgeable humans in terms of their relative influences over team judgments. Results indicate that intelligent agents exert disproportionate amounts of influence, even when they provide poor recommendations. Agents appear to have subtle influences over team discussions and subsequent decisions, and these effects are not always obvious to human team members.
Estimates of the costs of schooling in 1880 and 1890

This study is concerned with the estimation and analysis of expenditures on formal education by states in the United States in the years 1880 and 1890.’ Education can be pure consumption or pure investment, or more likely, a combination of these. Whatever education is in these respects, a relatively large stream of resources was needed to finance it. Special effort has been given to subdividing the spending estimates between rural and urban areas, between private and public schools, and among levels of schooling.2 The two main components to be estimated are foregone earnings (i.e., opportunity costs of students while attending school), and direct resource costs of schooling (i.e., operating costs and implicit interest and depreciation). The aggregate results show that 314 million dollars of explicit and implicit expenditures were made on all levels of education in 1880 while the 1890 figure was 5 15 million dollars. On a per capita basis expenditures were 6.36 dollars in 1880 and 8.37 dollars in 1890. The 1880 expenditures are 3.3 percent of Gallman’s esti-
A taxonomic analysis of what world wide web activities significantly impact people's decisions and actions

In this paper, we present three taxonomic classification schemes based on Web users' responses to what Web activities significantly impacted their decisions and actions. The taxonomic classifications focus on three variables: the Purpose of people's search on the Web, the Method people use to find information, and the Content of the information for which they are searching. These taxonomies are useful for understanding people's activity on the Web and for developing ecologically-valid tasks to be used when studying Web behavior.
Uptake and retention of hexakis (2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile) technetium(I) in cultured chick myocardial cells: Mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential dependence

The fundamental myocellular uptake and retention mechanisms of hexakis (2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile) technetium(I) (Tc-MIBI), a technetium-99m-based myocardial perfusion imaging agent, are unresolved. Because of the lipophilic cationic nature of Tc-MIBI, it may be distributed across biological membranes in response to transmembrane potential. To test this hypothesis, net uptake and retention of Tc-MIBI in cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes were determined under conditions known to alter mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials. Isovolumic depolarization of plasma membrane potentials in 130 mM extracellular K (Ko) 20 mM extracellular Cl buffer reduced net accumulation of Tc-MIBI from 171 +/- 16 (control) to 29 +/- 3.3 fmol intracellular Tc-MIBI/mg protein.nM extracellular Tc-MIBI. Unidirectional influx of Tc-MIBI in cells depolarized in 30 mM Ko buffer was also reduced; a resting plasma membrane potential of -87 +/- 6 mV was calculated from the Goldman flux equation using normal Ko/high Ko Tc-MIBI influx ratios. Addition of the potassium ionophore valinomycin to cells incubated in 130 mM Ko buffer to additionally depolarize mitochondrial membrane potentials further reduced net uptake of Tc-MIBI to levels comparable to that found in nonviable freeze-thawed preparations ([Tc-MIBI]i/[Tc-MIBI]o = 1). By depolarizing mitochondrial (and in part plasma membrane) potentials with the protonophores 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) Tc-MIBI was rapidly depleted from 181 +/- 16 (control) to 16 +/- 2.6 and 31 +/- 4.2 fmol/mg protein.nMo, respectively, with kinetics that did not correlate with loss of cellular ATP content. CCCP alone inhibited 90 +/- 3% of net accumulation or 66 +/- 3% of unidirectional influx of Tc-MIBI in a concentration-dependent manner. By hyperpolarizing mitochondrial membrane potentials with the K+/H+ ionophore nigericin or the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin, net uptake and retention of Tc-MIBI were increased by 60 +/- 9% and 375 +/- 20%, respectively. Caffeine, as well as the respiratory chain electron transport inhibitor rotenone, did not significantly alter net cell uptake (p greater than 0.2). These data indicate that the fundamental myocellular uptake mechanism of Tc-MIBI involves passive distribution across plasma and mitochondrial membranes and that at equilibrium Tc-MIBI is sequestered within mitochondria by the large negative transmembrane potentials.
Advances In Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The annual clinical and research conference of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, provided a comprehensive overview of the year’s newest developments regarding inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The program was again successful. Attracting a wide range of participants including leaders in the field from around the world, the program offered a unique opportunity to review and debate the most important clinical studies, current controversies in the management of IBD, and the most recent perspectives on current research in the investigation of IBD.
Association of non-viral proteins with recombinant vaccinia virus virions.

Evidence is presented which suggests that recombinant vaccinia virus particles (VV : CAT), containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene, are capable of encapsidating both the foreign protein which they encode (CAT) as well as cellular enzymes such as thymidine kinase. These results are discussed with respect to using VV to passively introduce biologically-active proteins into cells or organisms.
Ultrasonographic Appearance of Lung Sliding in a Patient With a Bronchopleural Fistula on a High-Frequency Oscillator Ventilator:

The patient with a bronchopleural fistula and acute respiratory distress syndrome can present a therapeutic challenge for the treating clinician. In this case, the authors describe the use of bedsi...
Optimization-based framework for simultaneous circuit-and-system design-space exploration: a high-speed link example

Connecting system-level performance models with circuit information has been a long-standing problem in analog/mixed-signal front-ends, like radios and high-speed links. High-speed links are particularly hard to analyze because of the complex interplay of device/circuit parasitics and channel filtering operation. In this paper we introduce optimization-based framework for link design-space exploration, connecting the link transmission quality and top-level filter settings with circuit power, sizing and biasing. We derive a special analytical discrete time representation that avoids the size explosion of the symbolic problem description improving the parsing and solver time by orders of magnitude and making this joint optimization possible in real-time. This robust and accurate problem formulation is derived in signomial form and is compatible with existing optimization approaches to circuit sizing. We demonstrate this optimization framework on a link design-space exploration example, investigating trade-offs between the transmit pre-emphasis and linear receiver equalizer and their impact on overall link power vs. data rate.
Corrections to “Controlling the Interface Dynamics at Au Nanoparticle – Oxide Interfaces” [Jan 12 12-15]

In the above-named work [ibid., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 12-15, Jan. 2012], the first paragraph of the first footnote should have read as follows: "Manuscript received July 19, 2010; accepted May 9, 2011. Date of publication June 27, 2011; date of current version January 11, 2012. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Science under Grant DE-FG02-00ER45813-A000 in the Bonnell Group for conducting experimental work and by the Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation under Grant IGERT DGE02-21664 and NSEC DMR08-32802. The work of L. Y. Kraya was supported by a graduate research fellowship from the National Science Foundation. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor E.T. Yu."
The structure and sequence of geological events in the Basement Complex of the Ibadan area, Western Nigeria

Abstract The Basement Complex in Western Nigeria in general, and in the Ibadan area in particular, is composed primarily of a banded gneiss in which hornblende-biotite rich bands alternate with quartz-oligoclase rich bands. The banded gneiss, which originated as part of a sedimentary sequence, contains large lenses of granite gneiss and thin intercolated layers of quartzite and amphibolite. Two distinct major structural events can be clearly identified in the early geological history of the Ibadan area. Detailed field studies suggest that the formation of the Ibadan Granite Gneiss, which had yielded an Eburnean Rb-Sr isochron age, was associated with the later of these events. Five phases of dyke or vein formation, two of which pre-date the formation of the Granite Gneiss, have also been identified giving an overall sequence of geological events the first of which may correspond to the beginning of the Liberian orogeny, around 3000 m.y. ago, and the last of which reflects the waning of the Pan-African thermo-tectonic event about 500 m.y. ago.
The Confluence Model: Birth Order as a Within-Family or Between-Family Dynamic?

The confluence model explains birth-order differences in intellectual performance by quantifying the changing dynamics within the family. Wichman, Rodgers, and MacCallum (2006) claimed that these differences are a between-family phenomenon—and hence are not directly related to birth order itself. The study design and analyses presented by Wichman et al. nevertheless suffer from crucial shortcomings, including their use of unfocused tests, which cause statistically significant trends to be overlooked. In addition, Wichman et al. treated birth-order effects as a linear phenomenon thereby ignoring the confluence model's prediction that these two samples may manifest opposing results based on age. This article cites between- and within-family data that demonstrate systematic birth-order effects as predicted by the confluence model. The corpus of evidence invoked here offers strong support for the assumption of the confluence model that birth-order differences in intellectual performance are primarily a within...
Abstract 2369: The adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18 regulates the expression of Id-1 and contributes to melanoma invasion and metastasis

The acquisition of the metastatic phenotype of melanoma is associated with increase of the melanoma cell adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18. We have previously shown that MUC18 plays a major role in promoting cellular invasion by regulating MMP-2 expression and activity. Here, we aim to establish the molecular mechanism by which MUC18 regulates melanoma cell invasion to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Utilizing lentivirus-incorporated small hairpin RNA, we stably silenced MUC18 expression in the metastatic melanoma cell lines A375SM and C8161 and conducted cDNA gene expression microarray analyses. We identified the Inhibitor of DNA Binding-1 (Id-1) to be down regulated by 5.7 fold as a result of MUC18 silencing. Id-1 expression has been shown to correlate with the progression of melanoma and to promote cell invasion by regulating MT1-MMP. We have found that Id-1 expression decreased significantly after MUC18 silencing in both A375SM and C8161, thereby corroborating our microarray results. Additionally, we found that MUC18 regulates Id-1 expression at the transcriptional level through regulation of ATF-3. ATF-3 was upregulated by 6 fold in our cDNA microarray analysis. ChIP analysis showed increase binding of ATF-3 to the Id-1 promoter after MUC18 silencing. Moreover, mutation of the ATF-3 binding site on the Id-1 promoter increased Id-1 promoter activity in MUC18 silenced cells. To further confirm the specificity of regulation of Id-1 and ATF-3 by MUC18, we rescued MUC18 and found that their expression was indeed inverted. Moreover, overexpression of Id-1 in MUC18 silenced cells demonstrated rescue of the invasive phenotype as well as increased activity of MMP-2 and the transcription of MT1-MMP. Collectively, our results suggest that MUC18 contributes to the malignant phenotype of melanoma via regulation of Id-1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2369.
An Adolescent With Right Shin Pain

A 15-year-old obese girl presented to clinic with increasing right shin pain of 4 weeks’ duration. The pain began after the patient began to play competitive basketball andwas localized to hermid shin. Dietary andmenstrual histories revealednoabnormalities. Examination demonstrated focal tenderness along thedistalmid shaft of the tibia anteriorly. The single-leg hop test elicited severe localized pain. Radiographs were obtained for further evaluation (Figure). Quiz at jama.com Figure. Radiography of the right lower leg. Left, Anteroposterior view. Right, Lateral view.
Ionic conductivity in binary systems

The ionic conductivity of a binary system consisting of two kinds of monovalent ions in the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice is calculated by the path probability method of irreversible statistical mechanics. The main purpose is to gain insight into the probable cause of the mixed-alkali effect observed in $\ensuremath{\beta}$-alumina-type systems and glass systems in general. It is shown that if the interaction between the two components is attractive, the existence of a sharp minimum which is caused by ordering can be expected at a certain composition. The minimum is shown to be mainly due to a percolation difficulty created by mutual arrangements of two kinds of ions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the major cause of the mixed-alkali effect is the drop in the percolation efficiency due to the blocking of the diffusion (percolation) path created by mutual interaction of different kinds of ions.
Judging the sex of an unseen person from nonverbal cues

In the first study, silent videotapes were made of male and female undergraduates who had been asked to nonverbally treat another person in a sex-stereotyped manner without using proximity or touch cues. Raters who viewed the tapes with one member of the dyad blocked from view were able to guess the sex of the unseen member when watching a male, but not a female. Female raters were more accurate than male raters. In the second study, tapes were made without requesting sex-stereotyped behavior. Raters were barely able to guess the sex of the other person. Thus, although males have a repertoire of nonverbal behaviors which they can use differentially with either sex, they do not necessarily do so in all situations.
DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes: Inhibition by a platelet factor and stimulation by an endogenous factor

Primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes can be induced to undergo DNA synthesis in serum-free medium in the presence of insulin, glucagon, and epidermal growth factor (three factors). We have found that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is affected not only by an endogenous stimulant produced by the hepatocytes and released into the culture medium. Serum has a strong inhibitory effect on hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Partially purified human platelet extract ("platelet inhibitor") inhibits the three-factor-induced DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Pure beta TGF at 0.5 ng/ml as well as HPLC-purified PDGF at 10 ng/ml completely inhibit the three-factor-induced DNA synthesis. Determination of the time required for the presence of the three factors and the platelet inhibitor to exert their effects indicated that the inhibition of DNA synthesis is caused not by competition of the platelet inhibitor with any of the three factors but through an independent pathway. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis is density-dependent and is greater if medium is not changed during the course of an experiment than if medium is changed daily. Hepatocyte-conditioned medium is also affective in stimulating DNA synthesis beyond the level induced by the three factors. These results suggest that an endogenous stimulant for hepatocyte DNA synthesis is produced by the hepatocytes themselves. Our studies demonstrate that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is subject to both stimulatory and inhibitory controls. Unlike the three factors, the endogenous stimulant can overcome the inhibition by the platelet inhibitor, suggesting the importance of these factors in the physiological control of hepatocyte DNA synthesis.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Small Protonated Water Clusters, H+(H2O)n (n = 2−5): Isomers, Argon Tagging, and Deuteration

Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy is reported for mass-selected H+(H2O)n complexes and their deuterated analogues with and without argon “tagging.” H+(H2O)nArm and D+(D2O)nArm complexes are studied in the O−H (O−D) stretching region for clusters in the small size range (n = 2−5). Upon infrared excitation, these clusters fragment by the loss of either argon atoms or one or more intact water molecules. Their excitation spectra show distinct bands in the region of the symmetric and asymmetric stretches of water and in the hydrogen bonding region. Experimental studies are complemented by computational work that explores the isomeric structures, their energetics and vibrational spectra. The addition of an argon atom is essential to obtain photodissociation for the n = 2−3 complexes, and specific inclusion of the argon in calculations is necessary to reproduce the measured spectra. For n = 3−5, spectra are obtained both with and without argon. The added argon atom allows selection of a subset of colder cl...
Survival of primates in LD100 septic shock following steroid/antibiotic therapy☆

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of steroid/antibiotic treatment on the survival of baboons subjected to LD100 Escherichia coli shock. Fourteen baboons (Papio c. cynocephalus), randomly divided into three groups, were anesthetized and administered 2-hr infusions of LD100 viable E. coli. Group A received E. coli alone; Group B was administered E. coli followed by infusions of both gentamicin sulfate (GS) (18 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) (75 mg/kg) during a 12-hr period. Group C was given E. coli plus GS (18 mg/kg) alone. Groups B and C baboons were also given GS intramuscularly, 4.5 mg/kg at 12 hr and twice daily for 3 days. Insensible fluid loss during the intial 12-hr period was replaced by minimal volumes of saline. Fully treated baboons (Group B) received steroid after 0.7 × 1010 organisms/kg body wt had been administered. All fully treated baboons survived; however, all animals of Groups A and C died within 42 hr. Systemic hypotension observed in every baboon within 2 hr was reversed in Group B animals. Hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, anuria, and extensive adrenal pathology were prevented by steroid/antibiotic treatment. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased in all baboons but returned to normal in the fully treated group. Increased survival may have been due in part to augmented antibacterial activity elicited by (a) improved peripheral distribution of the antibiotic and (b) stimulation of the bone marrow by the steroid. Findings demonstrate that the lethal pathophysiology of E. coli-induced shock is effectively prevented by combined steroid and antibiotic therapy.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE PHENOMENON OF LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY TO BACTERIAL FILTRATES: TOXIC FACTORS DERIVED FROM THE BLOOD SERUM

Observations reported here seem to demonstrate the liberation or formation of a toxic principle in blood serum through a colloidal disturbance in the latter. The principle is able to elicit severe injury in tissues made vulnerable by a bacterial filtrate.
Determinants of Left Ventricular Shape Change During Filling

Left ventricular shape and shape change are easy to measure and their analysis has been proposed as a noninvasive method to determine myocardial anisotropy. In preparation for applying this approach to studies of rats with experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy, the goals of this study were to describe normal shape changes during diastolic filling in the rat and to utilize a finite-element model to estimate the relative importance of three factors that determine left ventricular shape change during filling: global chamber compliance, fiber to crossfiber stiffness ratio, and fiber architecture. The results suggest that left ventricular shape change is least sensitive to fiber to cross fiber stiffness ratio, and that this will likely limit the practical utility of using shape changes to diagnose changes in myocardial anisotropy.
Movement of translocated turtles according to translocation method and habitat structure

Dispersal away from the release site is among the main obstacles that reduce translocation success. Scientists should therefore test a variety of translocation methods to reduce dispersal when moving wildlife between sites. The objective of this research was to examine how translocation method (hard- vs. soft-release) and habitat structure (continuous vs. patchy) affect movement of translocated turtles. A hard-release consists of releasing individuals to their new environment without any prior acclimation, whereas a soft-release forces animals to spend time at the release site prior to release. Our results suggest that the most effective translocation technique depends upon habitat structure. A soft-release was effective in minimizing post-release dispersal of translocated turtles in a continuous lotic habitat as there was no difference in the movement of soft-released and resident turtles. However, hard-released turtles undergo extensive movement when translocated to a continuous lotic habitat as hard-released turtles had greater movement than resident turtles. When the release site consists of a patchy wetland complex, a hard-release translocation may be effective as there was no difference in the movement between resident and hard-released turtles. Our study suggests that both the habitat structure of the release site and translocation method play a role in the movement patterns of translocated wildlife. Semi-aquatic turtles or species with poor vagility may make better candidates for hard-release translocations in patchy habitats because these species may be less likely or unable to disperse long distances as result of their behavior, physiology, or the structure of the release site.
The Social Impact of Pharmaceutical Innovation

(1977). The Social Impact of Pharmaceutical Innovation. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 219-225.