cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEMATIC OF “EXPERIENCE” A Political and Cultural Critique of PMS

This article examines a select sample of popular magazines and self-help books to address the question: How is premenstrual syndrome (PMS) constructed discursively as a legitimate disease worthy of medical attention and public discussion? The author finds that some women have been active participants in the construction of PMS as a medical disease. In particular, she finds that accounts of women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms figure prominently in the rhetorical legitimation of PMS as a medical phenomenon in the popular press and self-help books. At the same time, the author examines the gendered assumptions about gender, health, and normality that underlie how women's “experiences” are incorporated into the construction of PMS. In particular, she asks whose experience is part of the medical legitimation of premenstrual symptoms and argues that the case of PMS illustrates the need for feminists to problematize biological as well as social experiences.
Reduce costs with multi-mission sequencing and a multi-mission operations system

Mission sequencing involves merging science and engineering inputs into an integrated, constraint-checked sequence and producing review and spacecraft command products. This task employs processes, procedures, and tools which have a high degree of commonality across all missions. The JPL Multi-Mission Office (MMO) Mission Planning and Sequencing Team (MPST) has successfully baselined these processes, procedures, and tools so that they are readily adaptable to missions of varying complexity. As a result, the MPST can quickly assemble a team that provides mission sequencing to very different missions at a fraction of previous costs. This paper discusses the MMO MPST approach of adapting core processes, procedures, and tools to multiple missions. The paper then propose extending this multi-mission philosophy to skeleton timeline development, science sequencing, and spacecraft sequencing. Finally, the paper investigates a multi-mission approach to mission operations system (MOS) development.
Rescue of targeted regions of mammalian chromosomes by in vivo recombination in yeast

In contrast to other animal cell lines, the chicken pre-B cell lymphoma line, DT40, exhibits a high level of homologous recombination, which can be exploited to generate site-specific alterations in defined target genes or regions. In addition, the ability to generate human/chicken monochromosomal hybrids in the DT40 cell line opens a way for specific targeting of human genes. Here we describe a new strategy for direct isolation of a human chromosomal region that is based on targeting of the chromosome with a vector containing a yeast selectable marker, centromere, and an ARS element. This procedure allows rescue of the targeted region by transfection of total genomic DNA into yeast spheroplasts. Selection for the yeast marker results in isolation of chromosome sequences in the form of large circular yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) up to 170 kb in size containing the targeted region. These YACs are generated by homologous recombination in yeast between common repeated sequences in the targeted chromosomal fragment. Alternatively, the targeted region can be rescued as a linear YACs when a YAC fragmentation vector is included in the yeast transformation mixture. Because the entire isolation procedure of the chromosomal region, once a target insertion is obtained, can be accomplished in ~1 week, the new method greatly expands the utility of the homologous recombinationproficient DT40 chicken cell system. Human/rodent hybrid cell lines containing single copies of human chromosomes are widely used for chromosome mapping and identification of specific genes. The use of these lines for modification and disruption of human genes is limited because of the low efficiency of gene targeting by homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Recently, a set of
Organic "Wafer-Scale" packaged miniature 4-bit RF MEMS phase shifter

This paper presents for the first time a 4-bit microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) phase shifter fabricated on, integrated, and packaged into an organic flexible low-permittivity material. A microstrip switched-line phase shifter has been optimized at 14 GHz for small size and excellent performance. In addition, the MEMS phase shifter was packaged in an all-organic flexible low-permittivity liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) package. The improved geometry of the reduced size phase shifter is 2.8 times smaller than a traditional switched-line phase shifter and is much less lossy. For the 4-bit phase shifter, the worst case return loss is greater than 19.7 dB and the average insertion loss is less than 0.96 dB (0.24 dB/bit or 280/spl deg//dB). The average phase error is only 3.96/spl deg/. It has been demonstrated that the addition of the LCP package has a negligible effect on the phase-shifter performance, but will enable the device to remain flexible and protected against various environmental conditions.
A straightforward method for incorporating mutually-coupled circuits into the bus admittance matrix using the concept of artificial branches

A method is presented for demonstrating the effects of mutual inductive coupling to students which only requires inspection. The method, which is computationally stable for all practical cases investigated by the authors, produces no additional buses and retains the topological structure of the prototype except for the addition of some artificial lines. It is demonstrated that the procedure is applicable to a variety of situations and, once the basic principle is understood, can be immediately applied to yield a coupling-free equivalent network whose parameters are directly amenable to inclusion in the bus admittance matrix. >
A sharp interface immersed boundary method for compressible viscous flows

An immersed boundary method for computing viscous, subsonic compressible flows with complex shaped stationary immersed boundaries is presented. The method employs a ghost-cell technique for imposing the boundary conditions on the immersed boundaries. The current approach leads to a sharp representation of the immersed boundaries, a property that is especially useful for flow simulations at high Reynolds numbers. Another unique feature of the method is that it can be applied on Cartesian as well as generalized body non-conformal curvilinear meshes. A mixed second-order central difference-QUICK scheme is used which allows a high degree of control over the numerical damping. A bilinear interpolation scheme used in conjunction with the ghost-cell approach results in second-order global as well as local spatial accuracy. The solver is parallelized for distributed memory platforms using domain decomposition and message passing interface (MPI) and salient features of the parallel algorithm are presented. The accuracy, fidelity and efficiency of the solver are examined by simulating flow past circular cylinders and airfoils and comparing against experimental data and other established results. Finally, we present results from a simulation of wing-tip flow at a relatively high Reynolds number in order to demonstrate the ability of the solver to model complex, non-canonical three-dimensional flows.
Negative polar interrogatives and bias

This paper develops a discourse based approach to negative polar interrogatives (nis). nis are subject to more contextual restrictions than their positive counterparts, a fact that has lead some researchers to assign the two types of question distinct denotations. I argue in favor of standard analyses of polar questions, on which positive and negative interrogatives are equivalent. I show a certain subclass of nis has a complex semantic type due in part to intonational cues and which constrains their contribtion to discourse logical form.
Photothermal nanoblade for single cell surgery and large cargo delivery

We report a photothermal nanoblade that utilizes a metallic nanostructure to harvest short laser pulse energy to generate highly localized explosive vapor bubbles for rapid cell membrane cutting. The cavitation bubble pattern is controlled by the metallic structure configuration, laser pulse duration and energy. Integrating the metallic nanostructure with a micropipette, the nanoblade can generate a micron-sized membrane access port for large cargo delivery with high efficiency (46%) and cell viability (>90%) into mammalian cells [1,2].
Optimal control of hybrid autonomous systems with state jumps

In this paper, optimal control problems for hybrid autonomous systems with state jumps are studied. In particular, we focus on problems in which a prespecified sequence of active subsystems is given and propose an approach to finding the optimal switching instants. Specifically, the derivatives of the cost with respect to the switching instants are derived and nonlinear optimization techniques are used to locate the optimal switching instants. Using the approach, accurate numerical values of local optimal solutions can be obtained. An example illustrates the approach.
Three-dimensional dixon fat-water separated rapid breathheld imaging of myocardial infarction.

Purpose To develop a breathhold three-dimensional (3D) Dixon technique for fat suppressed imaging of myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods A pulse sequence was developed that uses a radial fan-beam k-space segmentation scheme for efficient coverage of k-space, enabling 3D scans in a single breathhold. The sequence uses a dual-echo bipolar readout to enable Dixon fat–water separation for improved visualization of epicardial and pericardial delayed enhancement. The 3D Dixon method was compared with a conventional 2D fast gradient recalled echo (FGRE) -based technique in 25 patients. Results Pericardial visualization scores and confidence were higher while overall image quality and artifacts were slightly worse for 3D Dixon compared with 2D FGRE. Robust fat suppression was achieved in 21 of 25 cases using the 3D Dixon method. Conclusion A 3D breathhold method for fat–water separated imaging of myocardial delayed enhancement was developed and validated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1362–1368. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heavy Rain Events over the South-Facing Slopes of Hawaii: Attendant Conditions

Abstract Heavy rain events (>100 mm day−1) over the southeast flank of Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii are examined using surface, rawinsonde, rain gauge, and satellite data. The events occur in the presence of four types of synoptic-scale disturbances that include Kona storms, cold fronts, upper-tropospheric troughs, and tropical systems. The heaviest rainfall occurs at elevations above 0.5 km over the volcano slopes facing the prevailing low-level flow with the leeside slopes experiencing considerably smaller amounts. Rainfall duration and patterns demonstrate that the rains and flash floods are the result of more than one convective cell. Soundings prior to the heavy rain events show only modest instability, with only the K index serving as a useful predictor for heavy rain among the standard stability indices. There is an increase in both the moisture content of the midlevels (750–450 mb) and the onshore flow normal to the terrain gradient prior to the heavy rain. The lack of the trade winds...
Short-Term Records and Extreme Wind Speeds

An empirical study was conducted to determine whether design wind speeds can be estimated confidently from short records, i.e., records extending over periods of a few years. The study was based upon the analysis of records of daily, weekly, and monthly largest wind speeds taken at 36 United States weather stations over periods ranging from three to 10 years and upon largest yearly wind speeds recorded at these stations over periods ranging from approximately 25-45 years. Investigations were presented into the type of probability distributions that best fit sets of largest daily, weekly, and monthly wind speeds and into the relationship between winds estimated from short records of largest daily and weekly wind speeds on the one hand, and from 25-year to 45-year records of largest yearly wind speeds on the other hand. The main effort in the paper was focused on the relationship between estimates of 50-year wind speeds based on three-year records of largest monthly speeds and on 25-year to 45-year records of largest yearly speeds. It was found that 50-year speeds can be estimated confidently from three-year records of the largest monthly speeds.
Electrical and Optical Properties of n-Type Indium-Doped CdTe/Mg 0.46 Cd 0.54 Te Double Heterostructures

CdTe/Mg0.46Cd0.54Te double heterostructures with n-type In doping concentrations, varied from 1 × 1016 to 7 × 1018 cm−3, have been grown on InSb substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements show strong diffusion of In from the InSb substrate to the CdTe buffer layer, while the In concentration is constant in the CdTe layer between the two Mg 0.46Cd0.54Te barrier layers. Capacitance–voltage measurements show that the dopants are 100% ionized for the doping concentration range from 1 × 1016 to 1 × 1018 cm −3. The carrier lifetime decreases with increasing doping concentration (from 0.73 μs for an unintentionally doped sample to 0.74 ns for a 1 × 1018 cm−3 doped sample) due to the decrease of both radiative and nonradiative lifetimes. Decent carrier lifetimes are achieved (∼100 ns) between 1 × 1016 and 1 × 1017 cm−3 doping levels, which is beneficial for developing n-type monocrystalline CdTe solar cells, photodetectors, and other optoelectronic devices. The strongest photoluminescence intensity is observed when the doping concentration is 1 × 1017 cm −3, which corresponds to the highest internal quantum efficiency.
High Contrast Optically Bistable Optoelectronic Switches Using Strained InGaAs/AlGaAs Material System

We report the the first demonstration of optically bistable switching in monolithic opto-electronic transistor configuration using all III-V components. A strained InGaAs/GaAs asymmetric Fabry-Perot (ASFP) modulator / detector, a strained resonant tunneling diode (RTD), and a GaAs based field-effect-transistor (FET) were used in this demonstration.
Prediction and characterization of heat-affected zone formation due to neighboring nickel-aluminum multilayer foil reaction

Reactive multilayer foils have the potential to be used as local high intensity heat sources for a variety of applications. Much of the past research effort concerning these materials have focused on understanding the structure-property relationships of the foils that govern the energy released during a reaction. To enhance the ability of researchers to more rapidly develop technologies based on reactive multilayer foils, a deeper and more predictive understanding of the relationship between the heat released from the foil and microstructural evolution in the neighboring materials is needed. This work describes the development of a numerical model for the purpose of evaluating new foil-substrate combinations for screening and optimization. The model is experimentally validated using a commercially available Ni-Al multilayer foils and different alloys.
A bicycle-mounted trap for collecting adult mosquitoes.

The truck-mounted trap of the type described by Chamberlain & Lawson (1945, Mosquito News 5: 4–7), Sommerman & Simmet (1965, Mosquito News 25: 172–82), Bidlingmeyer (1966, J. Med. Ent. 4: 200–20) and Loy et al. (1968, Mosquito News 28 (1): 84–87) provides a useful method for collecting random aerial mosquito populations. One major disadvantage, however, is that the truck trap may only be used where suitable tracks for a motor vehicle exist.
Multimodality in a metroplex environment: A case study in the San Francisco bay area

The present paper focuses on the crisis management following the Asiana Crash at San Francisco Internation Airport in July 2013. The crash led to a large number of domestic and international flight diversions to many airports, such as Oakland, San Jose, Los Angeles, but also Denver, Seattle, Calgary, for instance. Thousands of passengers found themselves struggling to reach their original destination. Passenger reaccommodation varied greatly from airline to airline and airport to airport. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First a passenger-centric reaccommodation scheme is developed to balance costs and delays, for each diversion airport. Second, assuming better information sharing and collaborative decision making, we show that there was enough capacity at the neighboring airports, Oakland and San Jose, to accommodate most of the diverted flights and reoptimize the allocation of flight diversions to the Bay Area airports.
Dependence of Daily Aerosol Wet Deposition on Precipitation at Appalachian Mountains Site in the United States

The wet removal of airborne particulates is a significant component of atmospheric deposition in the Eastern United States. This study analyzed the daily wet deposition of major ions at the Canaan Valley site in Appalachian Mountains in Eastern US, for the time interval 2000–2014. The site is part of the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), and is significantly impacted by acid precipitation, caused largely by anthropogenic sources of SO_2 and NO_x. Results show that the precipitation rate, R, varies mainly in the interval [0.01-100] mm day^(-1), and the daily wet deposition flux, F, varies about two orders of magnitude for most ions. The largest daily wet depositions are for SO_4 ^(2-) and NO_3 ^- with extreme values over 30 mg m^(-2) day^(-1). In the case of NH_4 ^+, the largest daily wet depositions are over 10 mg m^(-2) day^(-1). Seasonal variations are illustrated by contrasting the winter and summer. In general, there are much larger daily wet deposition fluxes in summer than in winter. For SO_4 ^(2-) there is more conversion of SO_2 to SO_4 ^(2-) in the gas phase and in cloud droplets during summer. Similarly, NH_4 ^+ has a distinct seasonal variation with a maximum in summer, consistent with larger sources of NH_3 during the growth season. NO_3 ^- has a maximum concentration in precipitation during winter, and a maximum daily wet deposition flux during summer, especially during the most intense rain events. The Na^+ and Cl^- ions have the highest wet deposition in winter due to storms that bring air masses from Atlantic. Analysis shows that precipitation events are more frequent and more intense in summer than in winter. For the Canaan Valley, the summer precipitation events are effective in wet removal of aerosols providing episodes with some of the highest rates of acid deposition.
The research of depositing copper on carbon fiber

Through predisposing to carbon fiber and then electroless plating copper on the surface of carbon fiber with mixed additives, the problem of black - core that often occurred during the course of copperizing a bundle of carbon fiber was effectively resolved. The result, observed by SEM, was that every carbon fiber in the experiment was coated with even and continuous copper and the interface bonding between fiber and copper was firm.
Isolation of Rice Embryo Single Cell Type using Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM)

[Abstract] A lot of transcriptional profiling in plant and animals has used RNAs samples from many different cell types. The laser-capture microdissection (LCM) can identify and harvest pure cellular populations directly from heterogenous tissues based on histological identification. The molecules or protein isolated from LCM-captured cells can be suitable for single cell type analysis by using chip expression profiling or sequencing.
An effective novel patient specific Gaussian template based scheme for somatosensory evoked potential detection

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been widely used for intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in surgeries for scoliosis and spinal cord related surgical procedures. Current technological trends show that at least 200–300 trials are required to generate a readable SSEP signal. A novel signal processing approach is outlined in the article, which aims at reducing the number of trials required for SSEP generation using only 30 trials. The analysis was performed on data recorded in seven patients undergoing surgery, where the posterior tibial nerve was stimulated and the SSEP response was recorded from scalp EEG using two bipolar electrodes, C 3 –C 4 and C Z -F Z . The time latencies of the P37 and the N45 peaks are detected along with the peak-to-peak amplitudes. The time latencies are detected with a mean accuracy greater than 95%. Also, the P37 and N45 peak latencies and the peak-to-peak amplitude were found to be consistent throughout the surgical procedure within the 10% and 50% clinical limits set for the time latencies and the peak-to-peak amplitude, respectively.
A systematic approach for innovation process development with application to creative idea generation

Innovation has been the driving force of economic growth and social progress. Today, innovation is recognized more than ever as one of the most important ways to resolve economic and social difficulties and alleviate global crisis. Yet, there is no unified definition and framework for the innovation process. This paper uses a systematic approach to identify the common key elements of many different types of innovation, and to develop from which a general framework for the design and implementation of an innovation process. We will further extend this systematic approach to the practical application of a special key element of the innovation process: creative idea generation.
Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and the Role of Arterial Conduits

Conventional coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has been performed routinely since the late 1960s utilizing initially cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and subsequently ischemic cardioplegic arrest to create the optimal operative conditions of a still heart and a bloodless field. Although the early and late outcomes were generally good, significant perioperative morbidity and mortality exists. An operative mortality of approximately 3%, a stroke rate of 1.5–2.0%, and a perioperative myocardial infarction rate of 1–2% along with the invasiveness of the procedure led to the search for alternatives to improve perioperative outcomes and make the procedure less invasive. These efforts began in earnest in the mid-1990s with initiatives to perform limited access incisions thereby avoiding amedian sternotomy or performing surgery on a beating heart thereby eliminating the effects of CPB, or both. Limited access arrested heart surgery, termed port access, utilized femoral artery cannulation with endo-balloon aortic occlusion and typically a single bypass utilizing the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending (LAD) was performed. TheMIDCAB (minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass) procedure used the same limited access left anterior thoracotomy incision and direct harvest of the internal mammary artery through this incision, yet performed the anastomosis on a beating heart without cardioplegic arrest or CPB using a local stabilization device. The third approach, off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), still employed the median sternotomy incision but multivessel CABG was able to be performed on a beating heart using stabilization devices and subsequently suction exposure devices. A fourth approach, the hybrid procedure, combined limited access CABG on a beating heart, a formof theMIDCABprocedure, to bypass the left anterior descending with a left internal mammary artery with the remainder of multivessel disease being treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). For amultitude of reasons, which will be discussed below, minimally invasive CABG to a large degree has evolved to the OPCAB procedure, which is performed in approximately 25% of all CABG procedures. Despite a plethora of evidence in the peer reviewed literature attesting to the benefits of the OPCAB procedure, significant disagreement persists regarding its overall efficacy, benefit, and graft patency. The role of each of these procedures and the use and outcomes of arterial grafts with them will be discussed.
Algorithms for analysis of microscopic images of genomic structures

Microscopic imaging brings together all aspects of science in an effort to understand the complexities of the very small world. Medicine and biology have benefited immensely by being able to observe the microscopic world, for example in our understanding of the differences between normal and diseased cells. Image analysis has an important role here since the data is gathered in the form of images that are typically acquired in the three spatial dimensions and multiple spectral channels, and could also incorporate temporal information through time-lapse imaging. This dissertation presents algorithms for an image analysis system for such multi-dimensional images with emphasis on microscopic imaging of genomic structures in biology. We describe image processing approaches that refine images to make the task of segmentation easier and more precise. Segmentation algorithms are described that use domain knowledge to identify objects in images. Our segmentation also uses deformable models to extract surfaces of three dimensional structures which are used to compute various morphological properties of these objects and test scientific hypotheses. We present a novel approach for structural matching and registration that improves the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm by using an intensity similarity measure to obtain the matching score. Some well known statistical and information theoretic measures are compared for use as the similarity measure and the robustness of the algorithm is evaluated on real and simulated images. The algorithm is applied to register temporal sequences of living cells showing chromatin domains. We extend the registration algorithm to correct for non-rigid deformations in images after describing the difficulty of the problem for microscopic data. We outline the problems inherent to the current non-rigid registration algorithms and present an approach that uses landmark correspondences obtained either from the previous matching algorithm or by user input, to deform images with a particular form of radial basis functions known as thin plate splines. We also present the application of fractal analysis for understanding genomic organization within the cell nucleus. The fractal dimension is used as a metric to characterize stages of the cell cycle in which the genomic material of the cell shows different packing properties. The fractal dimension is calculated using alternating sequential filters (ASF) and experimental results are given to show that there are statistically significant differences between the fractal dimensions of images taken from different stages of the cell cycle.
Lost in E-Cigarette Clouds: A Culture on the Rise.

The article focuses on the increase in electronic cigarette (e-cig) use (vaping) in the United States and the growing vaping culture. It reports that as of February 2017 there were over 30 annual vaping conventions in the U.S. and mentions some flavors of e-cig may be encouraging middle-school and high-school children to begin using e-cigs. It compares e-cig safety and regulation to tobacco cigarette regulation in the 1960s and talks about a need for research on e-cig aerosol health risks.
C5a Increases the Injury to Primary Neurons Elicited by Fibrillar Amyloid Beta

C5aR1, the proinflammatory receptor for C5a, is expressed in the central nervous system on microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons. Previous work demonstrated that the C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, decreased amyloid pathology and suppressed cognitive deficits in two Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models. However, the cellular mechanisms of this protection have not been definitively demonstrated. Here, primary cultured mouse neurons treated with exogenous C5a show reproducible loss of MAP-2 staining in a dose-dependent manner within 24 hr of treatment, indicative of injury to neurons. This injury is prevented by the C5aR1 antagonist PMX53, a close analog of PMX205. Furthermore, primary neurons derived from C5aR1 null mice exhibited no MAP-2 loss after exposure to the highest concentration of C5a tested. Primary mouse neurons treated with both 100 nM C5a and 5 µM fibrillar amyloid beta (fAβ), to model what occurs in the AD brain, showed increased MAP-2 loss relative to either C5a or fAβ alone. Blocking C5aR1 with PMX53 (100 nM) blocked the loss of MAP2 in these primary neurons to the level seen with fAβ alone. Similar experiments with primary neurons derived from C5aR1 null mice showed a loss of MAP-2 due to fAβ treatment. However, the addition of C5a to the cultures did not enhance the loss of MAP-2 and the addition of PMX53 to the cultures did not change the MAP-2 loss in response to fAβ. Thus, at least part of the beneficial effects of C5aR1 antagonist in AD mouse models may be due to protection of neurons from the toxic effects of C5a.
Proof Without Words: Ensphering Three Capped Prisms

SummaryFor n = 3, 4, or 5, a unit sphere is the smallest sphere that encloses a right prism with square sides on a regular n-gon capped by a regular pyramid with all sides of unit length. The points of incidence are the apex of the pyramid and the opposite n vertices of the prism.
Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies in Organ Transplantation

Transplantation can significantly extend the life of patients with end-stage renal disease and provide a lifesaving treatment for patients with failure of other major organs. Extending the long-term survival of these transplanted organs requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of immune injury, including humoral immunity. Alloantibodies were determined early on to be a contraindication to transplantation, but until recently the primary focus has been on HLA-specific antibodies (1). Historically, the lymphocyte crossmatch was the primary tool used to detect HLA antibodies in the sera of transplant recipients and to assess the risk of antibody-mediated rejection posttransplantation. Now, with the advent of solid-phase immunoassays, we can detect HLA antibodies at very low levels and provide a more accurate characterization of their antigen specificities (2).
MAY AND PATON: TWO GIANTS REVISITED

The paper presents a synopsis of the principles and theoretical dispositions of May and Paton on selected areas of accounting; in particular, income determination and valuation.
A new method for designing highly efficient metasurface devices: Local Phase Method

We have proposed and developed a new and versatile approach named Local phase method to quantify the phase error of each element within a metasurface accounting for the near-field coupling. This method can improve the performance of any devices based on metasurfaces.
Role of Endogenous Proteins as Negative Growth Modulators During In Vitro Cellular Aging of Human Diploid Fibroblasts

Aging is a normal part of development, yet many aspects of the aging process are not understood. Overall, people tend to age in a similar fashion (e.g. graying hair), but not everyone has all the same characteristics of aging, nor do people age at the same rate. As a result, it is difficult to define aging precisely and develop models to ask relevant questions as to how and why we age.
A Tabu Search Heuristic for the Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem

A tabu search heuristic procedure is developed to solve the uncapacitated facility location problem. The heuristic procedure uses tabu search to guide the solution process when evolving from one solution to another in order to search for an optimal solution. A move is defined to be the closing or opening of a facility. The net change in the total cost resulting from a move is used to measure the attractiveness of a move. Searching only a small subset of the feasible solutions that contains the optimal solution, the procedure is computationally very efficient. A computational experiment is conducted to test the performance of the procedure and computational results are reported. The procedure can easily find optimal solutions for test problems with known optimal solutions from the literature. Solutions obtained with this tabu search procedure completely dominate those obtained with the Lagrangian method for randomly generated test problems.
Skyshine line-beam response functions for 20- to 100-MeV photons

The line-beam response function, needed for skyshine analyses based on the integral line-beam method, was evaluated with the MCNP Monte Carlo code for photon energies from 20 to 100 MeV and for source-to-detector distances out to 1,000 m. These results are compared with point-kernel results, and the effects of bremsstrahlung and positron transport in the air are found to be important in this energy range. The three-parameter empirical formula used in the integral line-beam skyshine method was fit to the MCNP results, and values of these parameters are reported for various source energies and angles.
Symptoms of apathy and passivity in dementia: A simultaneous concept analysis

Aims and objectives The objective of this analysis was to clarify the concepts of apathy and passivity in the context of dementia by identifying distinguishing and overlapping attributes for both concepts simultaneously. Background Apathy is among the most common and persistent symptoms in dementia. The concept of apathy is often used interchangeably with passivity. Understanding similarities and differences between these concepts is of critical importance in clarifying clinical diagnostic criteria, developing consistent measurement in research and translating research evidence into nursing practice. Design A systematic literature search of multiple databases identified relevant articles for review. A modified combination of Haase et al.'s simultaneous concept analysis method and Morses' principle-based concept analysis using qualitative content and thematic analysis procedures was applied to identify overlapping and distinguishing attributes. Methods A search of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases identified 176 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The concepts of apathy and passivity were characterised using a standardised manual to identify attributes of definitions (conceptual and operational), related conditions, functional, behavioural and neurobiological correlates, antecedents and consequences. Thematic analysis identified common themes across each category which were tabulated and entered into comparative matrices to identify overlapping and distinguishing features. Results There is considerable overlap across attributes of apathy and passivity. Apathy is distinguished as a clinical syndrome characterised by loss of motivation not due to emotional distress or cognitive impairment. Passivity is distinguished as a lack of interaction between the individual and environment in the context of cognitive impairment. Conclusion In contrast to passivity, apathy is a more robustly defined concept focused on motivational limitations within the individual associated with specific neuroanatomical deficits. Relevance to clinical practice The identification of key distinguishing features of apathy and passivity in dementia is a critical first step in ensuring consistent measurement of each concept.
Diversity of ENSO Events Unified by Convective Threshold Sea Surface Temperature: A Nonlinear ENSO Index

Author(s): Williams, IN; Patricola, CM | Abstract: We show that the well-known failure of any single index to capture the diversity and extremes of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) results from the inability of existing indices to uniquely characterize the average longitude of deep convection in the Walker Circulation. We present a simple sea surface temperature (SST)-based index of this longitude that compactly characterizes the different spatial patterns, or flavors of observed and projected ENSO events. It recovers the familiar global responses of temperature, precipitation, and tropical cyclones to ENSO and identifies historical extreme El Nino events. Despite its simplicity, the new longitude index describes the nonlinear relationship between the first two principal components of SST, and unlike previous indices, accounts for background SST changes associated with the seasonal cycle and climate change. The index reveals that extreme El Nino, El Nino Modoki, and La Nina events are projected to become more frequent in the future at the expense of neutral ENSO conditions.
Open government data usage: a brief overview

The increasingly massive spreading of Open Government Data (OGD) is hailed as a driving force for economic and social growth, as well as an essential factor in promoting public awareness of the work of institutional decision-makers. However, this high data availability can disorient users when deciding which sources are best suited to their needs. The awareness of this indecision worries the heads of OGD portals, who have to face the increasingly concrete risk that a large part of their information assets can remain unused. To assess the merits of these concerns, this document aims to provide a snapshot on the use of OGD portals based on usage indicators directly or programmatically obtainable. Considering an adequately representative sample of OGD portals, our analysis highlighted two aspects. A confirmation of the fact that most of the published datasets are very lightly used. The perception that information about the use of portals is rarely made available to the users.
Learning from parking reforms in other cities

Abstract What are the best parking policies? Some cities have developed excellent ways to deal with parking but these policies have not traveled fast to other cities. Parking problems are similar everywhere but urban planners are often unaware of parking policies that work well in other cities and could work well in their own city. Good parking policies improve transportation, the economy, and the environment, while bad parking policies congest traffic, slow public transport, and foul the air. Adopting policies and practices that are working well in peer cities can help every city improve its livability and economic competitiveness.
C-H Insertion Reactions of Donor/Donor Carbenes: Inception, Investigation, and Insights.

Insertion reactions of donor/donor carbenes have emerged from obscurity to become a versatile method for the synthesis of a variety of cyclic structures with excellent control of diastereo- and enantio­selectivity. This Account describes the origin of this project as part of a natural product synthesis and the ensuing decade of reaction development that has resulted in new asymmetric methods as well as intriguing tangential observations.
Image stylisation: from predefined to personalised

The authors present a framework for interactive design of new image stylisations using a wide range of predefined filter blocks. Both novel and off-the-shelf image filtering and rendering techniques are extended and combined to allow the user to unleash their creativity to intuitively invent, modify, and tune new styles from a given set of filters. In parallel to this manual design, they propose a novel procedural approach that automatically assembles sequences of filters, leading to unique and novel styles. An important aim of the authors’ framework is to allow for interactive exploration and design, as well as to enable videos and camera streams to be stylised on the fly. In order to achieve this real-time performance, they use the Best Linear Adaptive Enhancement (BLADE) framework – an interpretable shallow machine learning method that simulates complex filter blocks in real time. Their representative results include over a dozen styles designed using their interactive tool, a set of styles created procedurally, and new filters trained with their BLADE approach.
Short Communication: Investigating woody breast disease and broiler chicken activity using an automated tracking software program

ABSTRACT Objective This research quantified the effect of woody breast disease (WBD) presence and severity on activity in broilers. Materials and Methods Broiler cockerel chicks (n = 27) were enrolled over 2 periods and individually housed. Video data were collected continuously from 21 to 55 d of age. Behavior was analyzed over a 4-h interval using EthoVision XT automated tracking software to quantify total activity. Birds were slaughtered at 55 d of age and assigned a woody breast severity score (0–2) based on manual palpation and visual observation. Results and Discussion Of the 25 birds that survived for the duration of the study, 6 birds were assigned a severity score of 0 (no evidence of WBD), 14 a severity score of 1 (firm focal lesions), and 5 a severity score of 2 (diffuse firmness of the entire pectoralis major muscle). Neither WBD presence nor severity had an effect on total activity (P > 0.05). In the present study, no effect of WBD on activity was detected using an automated tracking software program for behavior quantification. However, limitations of the software and the potential presence of microscopic lesions in birds with a severity score of 0 may be contributing to this outcome. Implications and Applications Although WBD has significant financial implications for the poultry industry, limited research has evaluated the effect of WBD on bird welfare and behavior. Future studies should measure a more diverse set of behaviors while also analyzing muscle histology to better elucidate any associations between WBD and behavior.
Intramesenteric dynamic contrast pediatric MR lymphangiography: initial experience and comparison with intranodal and intrahepatic MR lymphangiography

To report on our initial experience with intramesenteric (IM) dynamic contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) for evaluation of the lymphatics in patients with concern for mesenteric lymphatic flow disorders and to compare IM-DCMRL with intrahepatic (IH) and intranodal (IN) DCMRL. This is a retrospective review of imaging findings in 15 consecutive patients who presented with protein losing enteropathy (PLE) and/or ascites undergoing IM-DCMRL, IH-DCMRL, and IN-DCMRL. The IM-DCMRL technique involves the injection of a gadolinium contrast agent into the mesenteric lymphatic ducts or lymph nodes followed by imaging of the abdomen and chest with dynamic time-resolved MR lymphangiography. IM-DCMRL was successfully performed in 14/15 (93%) of the patients. When comparing IN-DCMRL with IM-DCMRL, there was a significant difference in the visualization of dermal backflow (p = 0.014), duodenal perfusion (p = 0.003), duodenal leak (p = 0.014), and peritoneal leak (p = 0.003). IM-DCMRL demonstrated peritoneal leak in 7 patients in contrast to IH-DCMRL which demonstrated leak in 4 patients and IN-DCMRL which did not demonstrate any peritoneal leaks. Duodenal leaks were seen by IH-DCMRL in 9 patients versus 5 with IM-DCMRL and none with IN-DCMRL. In one patient with congenital PLE, the three modalities showed different disconnected flow patterns with duodenal leak only seen by IM-DCMRL. There were no short-term complications from the procedures. IM-DCMRL is a feasible imaging technique for evaluation of the mesenteric lymphatics. In certain mesenteric lymphatic flow abnormalities, such as PLE and ascites, this imaging may be helpful for diagnosis and the planning of interventions and warrants further studies. • Intramesenteric dynamic contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography (IM-DCMRL) is a new imaging technique to evaluate mesenteric lymphatic flow disorders such as ascites. • IM-DCMRL is able to image lymphatic leaks in patients with ascites and protein losing enteropathy not seen with intranodal (IN-DCMRL) imaging.
New investment of innovative design of the future workstation: Advancing sedentary work behavior

This collaborative transdisciplinary research across the university was initiated with a seed grant from two different colleges to solve one of the major public health problems specifically focusing on humans’ sedentary behavior at the workplace. Sedentary behavior has emerged as a potential risk factor for numerous chronic diseases and all-cause mortality during the last decade. The aim of this study was to develop a new product and system to reduce the time spent sitting at the workplace. A series of physical working prototypes with electronic design and signal processing software application were designed and developed to demonstrate the usability, functionality, and human-interaction through scientifically valid measurements. This paper illustrates the process of system engineering and product design, methodology, and testing results.
Development of a Comprehensive Tool for School Health Policy Evaluation: The WellSAT WSCC.

BACKGROUND Stakeholders increasingly recognize the role of policy in implementing Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) frameworks in schools; however, few tools are currently available to assess alignment between district policies and WSCC concepts. The purpose of this study was to expand the Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) for evaluation of policies related to all 10 domains of the WSCC model. METHODS Developing the WellSAT WSCC was an iterative process that involved (1) identifying items for each domain based on key concepts and best practice recommendations; (2) expert review of the draft measure; (3) cognitive pre-testing; (4) developing scoring criteria; and (5) pilot-testing the measure. RESULTS Ratings from expert reviewers indicated that the tool included items that were both relevant and important to each of the 10 WSCC domains. Results of cognitive pre-testing indicated that the items were understood as intended. Feedback from expert reviews, cognitive pre-testing, and pilot-testing was used to further revise and refine the measure and develop a final version of the tool. Acceptable interrater reliability was established for the final selection of items. CONCLUSIONS The WellSAT WSCC provides a reliable means for assessing integration and alignment between WSCC model concepts and district policies.
The impact of three weeks of pre-quit varenicline on reinforcing value and craving for cigarettes in a laboratory choice procedure.

Varenicline, a partial nicotinic agonist, is theorized to attenuate pre-quit smoking reinforcement and post-quit withdrawal and craving. However, the mechanisms of action have not been fully characterized, as most studies employ only retrospective self-report measures, hypothetical indices of reinforcing value, and/or nontreatment-seeking samples. The current research examined the impact of pre-quit varenicline (vs. placebo) on laboratory measures of smoking and food (vs. water) reinforcement and craving. Participants were 162 treatment-seeking smokers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation ( clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03262662). Participants completed two laboratory sessions: a pre-treatment session, ~ 1 week prior to beginning varenicline or placebo, and an active treatment session, after ~ 3 weeks of treatment. At each session, participants completed a laboratory choice procedure; on each of 36 trials, a lit cigarette, food item, or cup of water was randomly presented. Participants reported level of craving and spent $0.01–0.25 to have a corresponding 5–95% chance to sample the cue. As predicted, spending was significantly higher on cigarette trials than water trials, and varenicline resulted in a greater between-session decline in spending on cigarette trials (but not water) than did placebo. Cigarette craving was enhanced in the presence of smoking cues compared to water, but neither average (tonic) cigarette craving nor cue-specific cigarette craving was significantly influenced by varenicline. Food spending and craving were generally unaffected by varenicline treatment. These laboratory data from treatment-seeking smokers provide the strongest evidence to date that varenicline selectively attenuates smoking reinforcement prior to quitting.