cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Modeling of Irradiation Induced Hardening in Iron Alloys

Structural materials in the new Generation IV reactors will operate in harsh radiation conditions coupled with high levels of hydrogen and helium production and will experience severe degradation of mechanical properties. Therefore, understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the microstructural evolution and corresponding mechanical property changes is critical. As the involved phenomena are very complex and span in several length scales, a multiscale approach is necessary in order to fully understand the degradation of materials in irradiated environments. In previous work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to develop critical rules for the mobility of dislocations in various iron alloys and their interaction with several types of defects that include, among others, helium bubbles and grain boundaries. In this work, Dislocation Dynamics simulations of iron alloys are used to study the mechanical behavior and the degradation under irradiation of large systems with high dislocation and defect densities.
Corrections of Knott's Calculations of Elastic Wave Reflection and Refraction

The equations for energy ratios of reflected and refracted to incident mechanical waves at flat boundaries were first published by Knott (Knott 1899). Since then his equations have been widely used not only in seismology but also in ultrasonic testing and delay line technology. Knott also gave some numerical examples and graphs illustrating the behaviour of the resulting waves when a longitudinal (condensational-rarefactional) wave or a transverse (distortional) wave impinges on a flat boundary between two dissimilar media. Some of these figures were used by later authors, for example Arenburg (1948), to illustrate the phenomena of mode conversion and energy partition. Calculations of numerical values are rather involved, and it becomes difficult to avoid errors if computations are done by hand. The Michigan State University CDC-3 600 computer was therefore used to recalculate three of the curves originally computed by Knott with only the help of tables. The present calculations are for angles of incidence between 0" and 90", increasing in steps of 2", and for critical angle if present. The curves for rock-water boundary obtained with the computer correspond very closely to those given by Knott (longitudinal wave incident in rock) except that the first minimum of the reflected longitudinal wave lies at 52" rather than near 45" as illustrated in the original graph. However, calculations for solidsolid interfaces show that some of the results published by Knott are somewhat in error as indicated in Figures 1 and 2. Since the values of velocities used by Knott are not specifically stated they are obtained from the values of the elastic constants listed in the original paper. One finds that the values used by Knott are the following. Granite : 3 950 m/s, 1 949 m/s for the longitudinal and the transverse velocity, respectively. For slate the values are 4 495 m/s and 2 857 m/s, respectively. The density is 3-0 for both substances. Although these values may not describe exactly the actual velocities in granite and slate they were, nevertheless, used by Knott and, therefore, also in the present computation to illustrate the nature of numerical errors in the original paper. The original notation was retained where A' and A, denote the energies of the refracted and reflected longitudinal waves and B' and B, the energies of the refracted and reflected transverse waves, respectively.
Capacity-approaching code design for the noncoherent AWGN channel

Transmission over the noncoherent additive white Gaussian noise channel is considered, where the transmitted signal undergoes a phase rotation, unknown to the transmitter and the receiver. The effects of phase dynamics are explicitly taken into account by considering a block-independent model for the phase process: the unknown phase is constant for a block of N complex symbols and independent from block to block. In the first part of the paper, a summary of the analytic results on related work regarding the capacity achieving input distribution is presented, followed by some numerical and asymptotic results. In the second part of this paper, inspired by the capacity results, two classes of coding and modulation schemes are proposed for fast and moderate phase dynamics. Due to the complexity issues, these two cases are treated separately. In the first case, serially concatenated turbo codes are utilized, while in the second, irregular low-density parity-check codes are used in conjunction with channel-matched modulation schemes. Simulation results show that these codes can achieve close-to-capacity performance with moderate complexity, and outperform the best known codes so far.
Brainstem maturation in premature infants as a function of enteral feeding type.

Objective. To determine whether brainstem maturation as measured by brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs) in preterm infants is a function of dietary intake. Study Design. We obtained serial BAERs on infants 28 to 32 weeks9 gestation at birth, cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of a regional referral center in Upstate New York. Waveforms were analyzed for replicability and for the presence of waves III and V. Absolute and interwave latencies were measured. Baseline and follow-up BAER measurements were compared, and the rates of change were calculated. Patient charts were reviewed for type of enteral feeding during the interval between BAERs. Student9s t test was used to analyze continuous variables and χ2 analysis was used to analyze categorical variables. Results. Data from 37 study infants (17 fed breast milk and 20 fed commercial premature formula) revealed that there was no difference in absolute latencies of waves III and V at baseline; however, the rates of decrease of absolute latencies over the study interval were significantly greater in infants receiving human milk. Conclusions. Infants fed breast milk have faster brainstem maturation, compared with infants fed formula, based on the rate of maturation of BAERs. This effect may be attributable to the constituent composition of breast milk, compared with synthetic formulas.
Calculating Short-Circuit Currents with Contributions from Induction Motors

Chapter 7 of a forthcoming book, Recommended Methods for Calculating AC Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Violet Book) is discussed. The book will be one of the IEEE Standards Board ``Color Book'' series of Recommended Practices prepared by the Industrial Power Systems Department of the IEEE Industry Applications Society. (It is being developed under IEEE Project Authorization P551.) The chapter describes the nature of induction motor short-circuit current contributions, discusses calculating techniques, and examines the simplified methods of accounting for induction motor contributions described in ANSI C37 Circuit Breaker Standard Application Guides. An extension of these simplified methods is recommended to eliminate the possible need for duplication of calculations. Examples of calculations are included. For this chapter, it is assumed that other chapters in the ``IEEE Violet Book'' cover the purpose of short-circuit calculations, calculating methods available, and details of calculations involving passive power system components and synchronous machines.
Metropolitan New York in the greenhouse: Air quality and health effects

A variety of potential effects on human health resulting from climate change have been identified in several assessments. According to an international panel{sup 1} they include direct effects of extreme temperatures on cardiovascular deaths, secondary effects due to vector-borne diseases or crop yields, and tertiary effects such as those that might arise from conflicts over freshwater supplies. To this fist we add the secondary effects of increased air pollution, which may result either directly from climate change or indirectly from increased air conditioning loads and the corresponding pollutant emissions from electric utilities. Higher ozone concentrations have been linked to increased ambient temperatures by both theory and observations of monitoring data. A similar association with particulate matter has been limited to observations, thus far. The pollution-heat linkage has been recognized before` but health effects have not been evaluated in terms of predictions of the joint effects of both agents. This paper has been prepared in two sections. First, we discuss the ozone situation with special reference to the Northeast Corridor and New York. In the second section, we present estimates of the health effects of climate change on New York and discuss some mitigation options.
Effects of Annealing Time and Temperature on Hydrogen in Doped and Intrinsic Amorphous Silicon

The local environment and diffusion of hydrogen in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) depend on both temperature and doping. Previous studies of hydrogen evolution indicate that the manner in which hydrogen diffuses and desorbs from the material depends on doping and may occur at relatively low temperatures over extended time frames. We have examined the microstructure of hydrog.en in intrinsic, boron doped and phosphorous doped a-Si:H as a function of annealing temperature and annealing time using hydrogen NMR. Changes in both the H NMR spectrum and spin-lattice relaxation times occur. We find annealing time has only a small effect on these parameters, whereas the annealing temperature has a substantial effect. The bonded-H content drops and the molecular-H2 content is seen to decrease slightly as the samples are annealed to higher temperatures. However the bonded-H remains essentially constant for long time, low-temperature anneals, while the molecular-H2 content is also seen to diminish slightly. The changes are more profound for B-doped samples than for P-doped or intrinsic material, consistent with the conclusions of other studies.
Stand-alone, FCG-driven High Power Microwave system

An explosively driven High Power Microwave (HPM) source has been developed that is based on the use of a Flux Compression Generator (FCG) as the primary driver. Four main components comprise the HPM system, and include a capacitor-based seed energy source, a dual-staged FCG, a power conditioning unit and an HPM diode (reflex-triode vircator). Volume constraints dictate that the entire system must fit within a tube having a 15 cm diameter, and a length no longer than 1.5 m. Additional design restrictions call for the entire system to be stand-alone (free from any external power sources). Presented here are the details of HPM system, with a description of each subcomponent and its role in the generation of HPM Waveforms will be shown which illustrate the development of power as it commutates through each stage of the system, as well as power radiated from the diode. Analysis and comparisons will be offered that will demonstrate the advantages of an explosively driven HPM system over more conventional pulsed power devices.
Alternative cancer medicine: a ten-year update.

(1996). Alternative Cancer Medicine: A Ten-Year Update. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 396-404.
Generation of Monodisperse Water Droplets from Electrosprays in a Corona-Assisted Cone-Jet Mode

Abstract An experimental investigation was performed on water electrosprays operated in the cone-jet mode. Because of the high surface tension of water, the establishment of stable sprays in air is generally prevented by the occurrence of electric breakdown in the gaseous environment surrounding the spray and its destabilizing consequences on the spray behavior. When air is replaced with CO2, a gas with higher breakdown threshold, operation in the cone-jet mode is possible, as first demonstrated by the pioneering work of Zeleny. Under these conditions, two well-distinguished stability domains were found in the plane of operating variables, voltage vs liquid flow rate, both domains being characterized by a stable cone-jet mode of operation. One of them pertains to the "classic" cone-jet mode. The other is here named the corona-assisted cone-jet mode , since the characteristic cone-jet morphology is accompanied by a steady corona discharge. Evidence of gas-phase ionization was found directly by interfacing the electrospray to a mass spectrometer. The presence of the discharge is indispensable to the establishment of this novel mode, since replacement of CO2 with SF6, a gas with even higher breakdown threshold, destabilized the spray. This new domain of spray operation has the important consequence of decreasing by more than one order of magnitude the minimum flow rate and, consequently, the minimum droplet size that can be electrosprayed, which results in the production of monodisperse water droplets with diameters anywhere from about 10 μm down to the submicrometer range.
The Many Questions of Islamic Art

This luster bowl, made by the Persian potter Abu Zayd in February–March 1204 (Jumada II 600), exemplifies the broad range of questions that can be raised by Islamic art. The first question is that of provenance. The bowl appeared on the art market in 2001, unknown and undocumented but in virtually perfect condition. A battery of tests supports its authenticity. Jonathan Bloom and I included it in the exhibition Cosmophilia: Islamic Art from the David Collection, Copenhagen, which we organized for the McMullen Museum, Boston College, and which was on view until 20 May 2007 at the Smart Museum, University of Chicago. However, we are in the dark about where the bowl has been in the eight centuries since it was made.
Data-Aided Joint Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset and Frequency-Selective Time-Varying Channel

The issue of data-aided joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimation is investigated in the presence of a rapidly time-varying frequency-selective channel. We derive novel joint CFO/channel estimators for two cases: known and unknown channel statistics. The CFO estimator that makes use of known channel statistics is shown to attain the Cramer-Rao bound. If channel statistics are unknown to the estimator then a parameterization of the time-varying channel is required and this is shown to degrade performance. Theoretical analysis of the derived estimators is provided along with simulation results.
Engineering and Genetic Approaches to Optimization of Recombinant Fermentation Process

A successful commercial development of gene products requires a good strategy not only for the recombinant DNA cloning but also for a well integrated bioprocess engineering. The bioprocess engineering involves many process steps including: (1) recombinant fermentation and its process optimization, (2) understanding and handling of inclusion body formation and separation, (3) in vitro reactivation and refolding of proteinous gene product, (4) purification and stabilization of the product, and (5) proper formulation and delivery of product for different applications. Among these, the recent advances in recombinant fermentation with a special emphasis on engineering and genetic approaches to optimization of recombinant fermentation process will be focussed in this paper.
Retirement Income Adequacy: Alternative Thresholds and the Importance of Future Eligibility in Defined Contribution Retirement Plans

This paper introduces a new method of analyzing the results from the EBRI Retirement Security Projection Model (RSPM®). Instead of simply computing an overall percentage of the simulated life-paths in a particular cohort that will not have sufficient retirement income to pay for the simulated expenses, the new method computes what percentage of the households will meet that requirement more than a specified percentage of times in the simulation. This paper also analyzes the importance of future eligibility for a defined contribution plan, whether or not the employee actually chooses to participate. In essence, this focuses on the public policy implications of having employers sponsor defined contribution plans. Although the relative impact of future eligibility in a defined contribution plan will depend on several factors, it is clear from the results that there are different percentage levels for each income cohort where these plans make the most difference. For example in the lowest income cohort, the major difference is seen at levels where the households are likely to have insufficient retirement income either 30 or 50 percent of the time. The larger income cohorts also experience a major impact at these levels but the beneficial effect of defined contribution plan eligibility has a much wider range for these individuals. Phrased another way, a crucial factor in the ability of both low- and higher-income workers to achieve future retirement income adequacy is their eligibility to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan.The PDF for the above title, published in the April 2011 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another April 2011 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Innovations in Employment-Based Health Benefits.”
The NRC System for Discriminating Similar Languages

We describe the system built by the National Research Council Canada for the ”Discriminating between similar languages” (DSL) shared task. Our system uses various statistical classifiers and makes predictions based on a two-stage process: we first predict the language group, then discriminate between languages or variants within the group. Language groups are predicted using a generative classifier with 99.99% accuracy on the five target groups. Within each group (except English), we use a voting combination of discriminative classifiers trained on a variety of feature spaces, achieving an average accuracy of 95.71%, with per-group accuracy between 90.95% and 100% depending on the group. This approach turns out to reach the best performance among all systems submitted to the open and closed tasks.
Supportive care in alternative donor transplantation

Alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using umbilical cord blood, haploidentical or mismatched unrelated donors is a viable option for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling or matched unrelated donors. The same principles of supportive care as conventional graft sources apply to alternative donor HCT recipients. However, there are some unique supportive care issues related to post-transplant complications, engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, immune reconstitution, and infections that are unique to each of the three alternative graft sources, both in the early and late post-transplant periods. This review discusses the supportive care issues relevant to this population and their management.
AREVA : cap sur les zones de croissance

A la tete d'un Groupe qui s'affirme comme le numero un du nucleaire mondial, Anne Lauvergeon dit sa confiance dans le futur d'une energie competitive, disponible, propre et qui peut difficilement etre absente d'un mix energetique equilibre. Alors que les vents semblent tourner plus favorablement pour le nucleaire, le Groupe AREVA met le c ap sur ses zones de croissance, au premier rang desquelles les Etats-Unis et l'Asie... en capitalisant sur son savoir-faire global qui couvre l'ingenierie, la construction des reacteurs et le cycle du combustible.
Experiments on High-Speed Jets from Thrust Vectoring Rectangular Nozzles

Small scale experiments utilizing rapid prototype nozzles were conducted in the High-Speed Jet Noise Facility at the Pennsylvania State University in order to characterize the noise produced by rectangular nozzle jets with thrust vectoring capability. Such exhaust jets are present on state-of-the-art fighter aircraft designed for super maneuverability. This scaled nozzle research was facilitated by the design of a cost effective model with rectangular exit geometry and thrust vectoring attachments, thus simulating one configuration of modern fighter aircraft. A supersonic, helium-air mixture jet issued from this nozzle and acoustic measurements were made with four microphones arranged in a circular arc in the far-field region. Significant among the results was the fact that the addition of thrust vectoring attachments set to 0 degree deflection, on an otherwise clean rectangular nozzle, decreases the intensity of sound radiated on each axis plane below that of a round nozzle jet. Furthermore, rotation of the flow in the minor axis plane by virtue of these deflection attachments induces an approximately corresponding rotation of the acoustic field without significant additional noise components. The frequency spectra as well as OASPL's of microphone measurements with the rectangular nozzle jet at several observation positions and thrust vectoring configurations are summarized in the results of this paper.
Improvement of DNA and RNA Sugar Pucker Profiles from Semiempirical Quantum Methods.

Neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) and self-consistent density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) semiempirical models commonly employed in combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulations fail to adequately describe the deoxyribose and ribose sugar ring puckers. This failure limits the application of these methods to RNA and DNA systems. In this work, we provide benchmark ab initio gas-phase two-dimensional potential energy scans of the RNA and DNA sugar puckering. The benchmark calculations are compared with semiempirical models. Pucker corrections are introduced into the semiempirical models via B-spline interpolation of the potential energy difference surface relative to the benchmark data. The corrected semiempirical models are shown to well reproduce the ab initio puckering profiles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the uncorrected semiempirical models do not usually produce a transition state between the A-form and B-form sugar puckers, but the ab initio transition state i...
Daily Social Rhythms in the Elderly and Their Relation to Objectively Recorded Sleep

This study tested the hypothesis that the impaired sleep of healthy 71-91 year olds might be due to circadian dysfunction stemming from irregularity of life-style. Twenty-five old women, 20 old men and 21 young controls (19-28 years old) were studied in relation to 1) objective sleep as measured in the laboratory, 2) subjective sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and 3) the social rhythm metric (SRM), an instrument to quantify the daily rhythms of life. Contrary to prediction, the SRM scales revealed that the older group had just as many activities completed and just as much other-person involvement as the young. Moreover, they showed a significantly greater regularity in daily life-style than the young, despite showing reliably impaired subjective and objective sleep. This suggests either that these seniors have always been regular in their life-style and that this has been protective of their health and vigor, or that their regularity has been developed as an adaptive response to age-related changes in the circadian system.
Reification, Matrices, and the Interrelationships of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae)

with the conventional application of clustering algorithms to matrices. Most oonopids show a pattern of 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I–IV, respectively. However, members of two genera seem to have a pattern of 4-4-3-3 receptors instead, and members of at least one other genus probably have a 2-2-1-1 pattern. Obviously, there is some state of the tarsal organ that is plesiomorphic for the family, but outgroup comparison doesn’t provide a simple answer to the question of which state that is. The members of the putative sister group of oonopids, the family Orsolobidae, as well as those of the other two families currently placed in the superfamily Dysderoidea (the Dysderidae and Segestriidae), have very differently constructed tarsal organs, with different kinds of receptors whose homologies with those of oonopids are unclear. Indeed, in the absence of detailed studies of their histology and innervation, we are unable to homologize individual receptors across all the oonopid genera, much less across all four families. Nevertheless, Platnick et al. (2012) hypothesized that the 4-4-3-3 pattern is plesiomorphic for oonopids; it is found, for example, in the subfamily Orchestininae, which has long been considered among the most basal of oonopids. In our view, the 3-3-2-2 pattern represents a reduction from the plesiomorphic pattern (i.e., the loss of one receptor on each leg). Previous and current studies of the interrelationships among the genera of Orsolobidae indicate that a more pronounced reduction in receptor numbers has also occurred within that family (Forster and Platnick, 1985; Sz ts, in prep.). Some reviewers of our original manuscript suggested that when summarizing our observations in the form of a matrix, the presence of a 4-4-3-3 pattern could be construed as a feature uniting just two genera, the nearly worldwide genus Orchestina and a New Zealand endemic, Kapitia. It is indeed true that those two genera show a form of tarsal organ not known in any other spiders. However, we chose instead to present our data as two characters, viewing all oonopids as sharing a “tarsal organ with raised receptors only, in serially dimorphic pattern (either 4-4-3-3 or a modified, reduced form of that pattern, i.e., 3-3-2-2 or 2-2-1-1).” We also included, as a second character, the reduction to the 3-3-2-2
Data visualization with the D3.JS Javascript library

In the words of Marc Andreessen (credited with being one of the inventors of the web browser): "Software is eating the world" [1].
The Great Disaster

To understand the Global Establishment in the North and Asia, one must first examine the historical context from which it emerged, for its current form is rooted in the recent past. The previous chapter suggested that, when national establishments develop, they begin to merge with national establishments abroad, creating transnationalized networks of elites. This chapter suggests that transnational cooperation developed also as a response of Northern elites to a struggle for survival. The merging of Northern and Asian establishments was overdetermined.
Chance in Darwinian Evolutionary Theory and British Romanticism

The following article investigates the unique epistemic changes in conceptions and representations of chance and causality that begin with the poetry and thought of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth (and first-generation British Romanticism) and that are elaborated and expressed ultimately in Charles Darwin's theories of organic variation and evolution through natural selection. I argue that both Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) and Wordsworth's The Prelude (1805) rely on a shift from describing chance as an ontological concern to chance as a discursive matter. Drawing on Darwin's statistical projects from the 1850s and selections from his correspondence in which he begins to articulate his developmental theory of organic variability, I then reveal that Darwin too makes a similar intellectual leap from characterizing chance as event to theorizing chance as idea. As I propose, chance – as an epistemological or discursive matter – radically reconfigures both literary and scientific representations of causality produced during this period. The essay thus concludes by suggesting that the idea of chance infiltrates Romantic and Victorian depictions of the natural world so thoroughly that these representations are impossible without a reorganization of the clauses and stipulations of causality.
Stabilizing Schemes for the Minority Failure Bits in Ta 2 O 5 -Based ReRAM Macro

A low-power 2-Mb Resistance random access memory (ReRAM) macro is developed in a 90-nm CMOS platform with a 3-nm-thick TaO x /Ta2O5 switching layer of the active area of $0.01~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ . Instability of the ON-state minority bits degrades the high-temperature retention lifetime. The oxygen vacancies in the filament are annihilated by oxygen ions, which have been generated mainly by the OFF-write bias repeated in the ON/OFF switching cyclesbefore the retention. This instability is improved by decreasing the oxygen concentration near Ru bottom electrode as well as lowering the OFF-write bias. Instability of the OFF-state minority bits narrows the memory window by random telegraph noise (RTN). Setting a statistically derived guard band with a pulse-modulated verify sequence is able to handle RTN to ensure the memory window. The 2-Mb ReRAMmacro with 1-b error-correcting code is confirmed to ensure ten years’ retention from −40 °C to 85 °C after 1E3 ON/OFF cycles.
Economic Legislation in China

A decade ago there was only one law faculty functioning in China and a total of not even 2,000 lawyers for a population of one billion people. No wonder, under these cirumstances, that in the then existing legal vacuum courts reacted helplessly at every arising conflict. Therefore the case described in Faxue, a leading Chinese legal periodical [26], may be considered as typical:
A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Z-Macrocycles Using Stereoretentive, Ruthenium-Based Metathesis Catalysts

A highly efficient, Z-selective ring-closing metathesis system for the formation of macrocycles using a stereoretentive, ruthenium-based catalyst supported by a dithiolate ligand is reported. The catalyst is remarkably active as observed in initiation experiments showing complete catalyst initiation at −20 °C within 10 minutes. Macrocyclization reactions generated Z-products from easily accessible diene starting materials bearing a Z-olefin moiety. This approach provides a more efficient and selective route to Z-macrocycles relative to previously reported systems. Reactions were completed within shorter reaction times, and turnover numbers of up to 100 could be achieved. Macrocyclic lactones ranging in size from twelve- to seventeen-membered rings were synthesized in moderate to high yields (67–79 %) with excellent Z-selectivity (95–99 %).
Inhibition of NFE2L2-Antioxidant Response Element Pathway by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Development of Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Chagas Disease.

Abstract Aims: We investigated the effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) on nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) transcription factor activity during Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection and determined whether enhancing the mtROS scavenging capacity preserved the heart function in Chagas disease. Results: C57BL/6 wild type (WT, female) mice infected with Tc exhibited myocardial loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, complex II (CII)-driven coupled respiration, and ninefold increase in mtROS production. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Tc infection resulted in an ROS-dependent decline in the expression, nuclear translocation, antioxidant response element (ARE) binding, and activity of NFE2L2, and 35–99% decline in antioxidants' (gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthase [γGCS], heme oxygenase-1 [HO1], glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit [GCLM], thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S transferase [GST], and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 [NQO1]) expression. An increase in myocardi...
Cell cycle regulatory genes are principal targets of p53-dependent, RB-mediated transcriptional repression following DNA damage

2498 Historically, most studies have sought to explain p53 function through the transactivation of downstream target genes. It has been underappreciated that p53 can also repress specific genes to affect a particular cellular response. Although little is known about the menu of genes repressed by p53, evidence suggests that repression is important for p53-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. Beyond these functions, p53 can affect other cellular processes including DNA repair, senescence and differentiation. We hypothesized that, in addition to the transactivation of target genes, p53 represses diverse sets of genes to affect various cellular processes. Affymetrix U133A microarrays were used to identify p53-repressed genes in PC3 prostate cancer cells following adenoviral p53 gene transfer (Ad-p53). Using functional over-representation analysis, we further sought to objectively identify cellular processes influenced by this program of transcriptional repression. After objective validation of the array data, using RT-PCR of 20 randomly selected genes, we estimated a confirmation rate of >95.5% for the complete data set. Notably, 40% of the 111 identified p53-repressed genes regulate cell cycle progression. This is a statistically significant enrichment of genes with this function in our menu of p53-repressed targets (P = 5E-28). These genes exhibit p53-dependent repression in etoposide treated LNCaP cells before cell cycle arrest occurs. Although the repression is p53-dependent, experiments with cycloheximide indicate this process requires new protein synthesis. In some cases, the repression of p53 target genes is known to require transactivation of p21, the expression of which can activate the RB protein family and promote the formation of RB/E2F repressor complexes. Interestingly, 70% of the repressed cell cycle genes identified here are known E2F targets. We demonstrate that inhibition of RB proteins with E1a prevents the repression of several cell cycle genes after DNA damage. RB family proteins are known to recruit histone deacetylase activity (HDAC) to repressed promoters. Consistent with this scenario, inhibition of HDAC also prevents the repression of cell cycle p53 targets. Through the corepressor sin3a, p53 can recruit HDAC to the promoters of repressed genes. We demonstrate that engineered p53 constructs that do not bind sin3a, fail to repress cell cycle targets but still transactivate p21. We conclude that p53-induced cell cycle arrest is a function of not only the transactivation of cell cycle inhibitors (e.g., p21), but also the repression of targets that promote cell proliferation at several distinct phases of the cell cycle. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of repression involves RB/E2F repressor complexes and recruitment of HDAC. It is possible that p53 is directly involved in the recruitment of HDAC to these repressed promoters.
Covalent nitrogen doping in molecular beam epitaxy-grown and bulk WSe2

Covalent p-type doping of WSe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and WSe2 exfoliated from bulk crystals is achieved via remote nitrogen plasma exposure. X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies indicate covalently bonded nitrogen in the WSe2 lattice as well as tunable nitrogen concentration with N2 plasma exposure time. Furthermore, nitrogen incorporation induces compressive strain on the WSe2 lattice after N2 plasma exposure. Finally, atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy reveal that N2 plasma treatment needs to be carefully tuned to avoid any unwanted strain or surface damage.
Transforming the Contemporary Supply Chain

Specific transformation approaches for the contemporary supply chain can be configured by juxtaposing its building blocks in view of the business drivers of today including market-volatility, technology, and globalization. While building blocks such as modularization and flexibility address market responsiveness, tracking and drop-shipping building blocks help enhance rapid fulfillment. Companies must be able to identify appropriate building blocks and apply them strategically. The intent is to design flexible and responsive supply chains that are capable of shifting back and forth between the complexity of customization and the simplicity of standardization.
Effects of General and ERP Self-Efficacy Beliefs on the Acceptance of ERP Systems

The impact of computer self-efficacy (CSE) on acceptance and utilisation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is widely recognised in the literature. However, past ERP adoption research ha...
Understanding the Influence of Brand Information in Online Purchase Decisions for Health Products

In 2016, over 6% of all retail spending at health and personal care firms was done through an electronic medium. Purchasing health products online provides an interesting challenge to consumers, as not only do consumers often have limited knowledge about which health goods that will best suit their needs (as these tend to be experience goods bought infrequently), but they also face the additional challenge of having to discern the quality of a good only based on its online listing. Hence in this context, a signal, such as the brand information of a good, may be useful in identifying its quality. Additionally, given that online purchasing decisions occur in private, we can rule out some other explanations for consumers choosing branded products, such as reputational concerns. Using data from a health goods retailer operating through Amazon.com from 2013 and 2014, we test whether brand information in the product’s listing influences the demand for health-related goods. We find that having branded information displayed in the product’s listing photo significantly increases the probability consumers consider a health good in their choice set (measured as page views) but not the demand for the goods, except for the case of bandages and dressings.
Debunking as Hobby, Entertainment, Scholarly Pursuit, and Public Service

The book so far has focused on only two kinds of activities involving scrutiny, urban legend debunking and political fact-checking. The main purpose of this chapter is to show that, in the period 1990–2015, there were a wider set of activities that are associated with scrutiny. Before turning to this main topic, the chapter examines the decade prior to the creation of the public Internet in the early 1990s and shows how urban legends were both spread and studies in pre-Internet technologies such as fax, bulletin boards, and proprietary online service providers such as America OnLine and Prodigy. The chapter then turns to the creation – beginning in the 1980s – of a new academic sub-discipline, the study of contemporary legends, primarily out of the disciplines of folklore studies and sociology. The focus is on one particular organization, the International Society for Contemporary Legend Research. The next section focuses on organizations such as Hoaxbusters, Scambusters, and VMyths, which were created as a public service to help individuals and organizations avoid computer viruses, chair letters, and Internet hoaxes through the use of appropriate scrutiny. The following section discusses entertainment. There are two types of entertainment considered here: one type are truth-or-fiction television shows such as Mythbusters and Unsolved Mysteries, which tell a narrative and then ask the audience to determine whether it is true or fake. The films, such as Candyman, and I Know What You Did Last Summer, either provided a full-length account of a single urban legend or offered up multiple urban legends in the same movie. The chapter concludes by pulling together these disparate events into a single coherent narrative involving scrutiny.
US State-level income inequality and risks of heart attack and coronary risk behaviors: longitudinal findings

To examine prospectively the association between US state income inequality and incidence of heart attack. We used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 34,445). Respondents completed interviews at baseline (2001–2002) and follow-up (2004–2005). Weighted multilevel modeling was used to determine if US state-level income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) at baseline was a predictor of heart attack during follow-up, controlling for individual-level and state-level covariates. In comparison to residents of US states in the lowest quartile of income inequality, those living in the second [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.71, 95 % CI 1.16–2.53)], third (AOR = 1.81, 95 % CI 1.28–2.57), and fourth (AOR = 2.04, 95 % CI 1.26–3.29) quartiles were more likely to have a heart attack. Similar findings were obtained when we excluded those who had a heart attack prior to baseline. This study is one of the first to empirically show the longitudinal relationship between income inequality and coronary heart disease. Living in a state with higher income inequality increases the risk for heart attack among US adults.
Systematic Normalization with Multiple Housekeeping Genes for the Discovery of Genetic Dependencies in Cancer

ABSTRACT Cancer results from complex interactions between genes that are misregulated. Although our understanding of the contribution of single genes to cancer is expansive, the interplay between genes in the context of this devastating disease remains to be understood. Using the Genomic Data Commons Data Portal through National Cancer Institute, we randomly selected ten data sets of breast cancer gene expression, acquired by RNA sequencing to be subjected to a computational method for the exploration of genetic interactions at a large scale. We focused on genes that suppress genome instability (GIS genes) since function or expression of these genes is often altered in cancer. In this paper, we show how to discover pairs of genes whose expressions demonstrate patterns of correlation. To ensure an inter-comparison across data sets, we tested statistical normalization approaches derived from the expression of randomly selected single housekeeping genes, or from the average of three. In addition, we systematically selected ten housekeeping genes for the purpose of normalization. Using normalized expression data, we determined R2 values from linear models for all possible pairs of GIS genes and presented our results using heatmaps. Despite the heterogeneity of data, we observed that multiple gene normalization revealed more consistent correlations between pairs of genes, compared to using single gene expressions. We also noted that multiple gene normalization using ten genes outperformed normalization using three randomly selected genes. Since this study uses gene expression data from cancer tissues and begins to address the reproducibility of correlation between two genes, it complements other efforts to identify gene pairs that co-express in cancer cell lines. In the future, we plan to define consistent genetic correlations by using gene expression data derived from different types of cancer and multiple gene normalization. CCS CONCEPTS Applied computing → Computational biology. ACM Reference Format Oliver Bonham-Carter and Yee Mon Thu. 2019. Systematic Normalization with Multiple Housekeeping Genes for the Discovery of Genetic Dependencies in Cancer. In Niagara Falls, New York. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Preventive care for patients with end-stage kidney disease: crossroads between nephrology and primary care.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) might expect their nephrologists to coordinate all their healthcare needs. We performed a survey among adult patients with ESKD undergoing HD in two outpatient dialysis centers at the University of Florida to identify differences in characteristics between patients with and without primary care providers (PCP) and to explore the association of PCP utilization with adherence to preventive health measures. Of the 132 participants, 89.4% reported having a PCP. This group was more likely to be female, older, and with higher education level. Having a PCP was associated with influenza, pneumococcal, and tetanus/Tdap vaccinations as well as screening for tuberculosis, depression, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The PCP group had statistically significant higher rates of influenza immunization (89.8% vs 71.4%, P = .04) as well as screening for hypertension (93.2% vs 64.3%, P = .04) and depression (78.8% vs 42.9%, P = .004), compared to the group without PCP, in the multivariable analysis. Having a PCP is associated with higher rates of influenza vaccination and screening for depression and hypertension. These findings could have important implications as far as identifying patients with ESKD at risk for fragmented care and potential gaps in optimal preventive care.
Bures geometry of the three-level quantum systems

Abstract We compute — using a formula of Dittmann — the Bures metric tensor (g) for the eight-dimensional state space of three-level quantum systems, employing a newly developed Euler angle-based parameterization of the 3 ×3 density matrices. Most of the individual metric elements (gij) are found to be expressible in relatively compact form, many of them in fact being exactly zero.
Xist-seeded nucleation sites form local concentration gradients of silencing proteins to inactivate the X-chromosome

The long non-coding RNA Xist exploits numerous effector proteins to progressively induce gene silencing across the X chromosome and form the inactive X (Xi)-compartment. The mechanism underlying formation of the chromosome-wide Xi-compartment is poorly understood. Here, we find that formation of the Xi-compartment is induced by ~50 locally confined granules, where two Xist RNA molecules nucleate supra-molecular complexes (SMCs) of interacting proteins. Xist-SMCs are transient structures that concentrate rapidly recycling proteins in the X by increasing protein binding affinity. We find that gene silencing originates at Xist-SMCs and propagates across the entire chromosome over time, achieved by Polycomb-mediated coalescence of chromatin regions and aggregation, via its intrinsically disordered domains, of the critical silencing factor SPEN. Our results suggest a new model for X chromosome inactivation, in which Xist RNA induces macromolecular crowding of heterochromatinizing proteins near distinct sites which ultimately increases their density throughout the chromosome. This mechanism enables deterministic gene silencing without the need for Xist ribonucleoprotein complex-chromatin interactions at each target gene.
Psychosocial Moderators and Outcomes of a Randomized Effectiveness Trial for Child Asthma.

OBJECTIVE Psychosocial factors play a role in child asthma morbidity and disparities, but their impact on asthma intervention effectiveness is less understood. This study examined how child, parent, and family psychosocial factors moderated asthma response to, and changed in response to, 2 community asthma interventions among urban minority youth. METHODS Asthma Action at Erie was a randomized comparative effectiveness trial examining a community health worker (CHW) home intervention versus certified asthma educator (AE-C) services for children aged 5-16 with uncontrolled asthma (N = 223; mean age = 9.37, SD = 3.02; 85.2% Hispanic). Asthma control was assessed via the Asthma Control Test (ACT)/childhood ACT and activity limitation. Baseline child/parent depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, family chaos, and social support were examined as treatment moderators. We also tested intervention effects on psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS For parents with higher baseline depression symptoms, youth in the CHW group had greater ACT improvement by 24 months (7.49 points) versus AE-C (4.76 points) and 51% reduction in days of limitation by 6 months versus AE-C (s = -0.118; p = .0145). For higher parent PTSD symptoms, youth in CHW had 68% fewer days of limitation at 24 months versus AE-C (s = -0.091; p = .0102). Psychosocial outcomes did not vary by group, but parent depression, parent and child PTSD symptoms, and social support improved for all. CONCLUSIONS CHW intervention was associated with improved asthma control among families with higher parent strain. Findings have implications for utilizing tailored CHW home interventions to optimize asthma outcomes in at-risk families.