cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insulin does not influence muscle glycogenolysis in adrenodemedullated exercising rats.

Previous reports have indicated that adrenodemedullated (ADM) rats exhibit an impairment in muscle glycogenolysis and elevated plasma insulin during exercise. This study was designed to determine whether the impaired muscle glycogenolysis in ADM rats is due to absence of epinephrine or to the inappropriately elevated plasma insulin. Fasted ADM rats were infused with saline, with epinephrine (0.045 micrograms . 100 g-1 . min-1), or with epinephrine + insulin (1.6, 3.3, 6.6, and 8.3 ng . 100 g-1 . min-1) during a 30-min run on the treadmill (21 m/min, 10% grade). Soleus muscle glycogen decreased from 5.1 +/- 0.2 mg/g in resting ADM rats to 4.0 +/- 0.2, 0.8 +/- 0.1, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mg/g in the exercising saline-, epinephrine-, and epinephrine + insulin (8.3 ng . 100 g-1 . min-1)-infused rats, respectively. Glycogen utilization in gastrocnemius and red and white quadriceps muscles during exercise was likewise unaffected by insulin infusion. Blood glucose concentrations were 3.75 +/- 0.08, 2.65 +/- 0.14, 3.93 +/- 0.20, and 2.03 +/- 0.09 mM in the same groups at the end of exercise. Blood lactate was 50% lower and the blood 3-hydroxybutyrate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher in the ADM + saline rats than the other exercising rats. We conclude that inappropriately elevated plasma insulin does not impair epinephrine-stimulated muscle glycogenolysis in fasted ADM rats during exercise.
Applications of using a landscape-scale model to quantify white- tailed deer habitat potential in Michigan, U.S.A.

The distribution and availability of ecological resources in a landscape can explain differences in deer population demographics. Therefore, to sustain white-tailed deer populations, it is important to manage vegetation communities rather than just deer numbers. Often, biologists determine deer habitat suitability and establish population goals by evaluating existing vegetation. However, because the distribution of habitat reflects differences in climate and geology, development of deer population management goals should be based on the ecological potential of habitat to support different deer demographics. Our objectives were to develop a spatially explicit landscape-scale model that quantifies deer habitat potential in Michigan and illustrate how well the model describes deer population demographics. We found a negative relationship between the spatial distribution of fall and winter food potential and antler beam diameters. Other habitat components such as spring and summer food may drive antler beam diameter distribution. Our model does indicate, however, that it is reasonable to establish different deer management goals with respect to variations in the potential of vegetation conditions to provide deer habitat. The modeling process can be used to model other habitat components, determine which components are most influential in driving demographic patterns, and subsequently be used to establish effective management goals.
The Polemics of Exile in Jeremiah 26–45: THE REENGAGEMENT OF THE ROYAL LINE IN JEREMIAH 33:14–26

one of the most curious passages currently found in the mt of Jeremiah 26–45 is Jer 33:14–26, a long oracle that not only conflicts with the Supplement's critique of Jerusalem's sacral institutions but is also wholly absent from the LXX tradition. Some scholars maintain that the editors of the LXX deliberately left this passage out of their developing text or that the omission was the result of haplography. The dominant position, however, is that the oracle is a later addition to earlier versions of the MT of Jeremiah and was not part of an earlier edition of the book. The pressing questions are threefold: when was this text composed, when was it redacted into the MT, and why is it not also reflected in the LXX? Many commentators have ascribed this composition to a very late date, understanding the oracle as legitimization of the Zadokite eclipse of the Davidic line and dating the passage to a time after Ezra/Nehemiah. Some have gone so far as to say that it was composed to address the rise of the Hasmoneans in the second century BCE. Adopting these positions requires a similar position regarding a fairly late date for the oracle's introduction into the MT and therefore advancing the argument that the MT continued to develop through the Hellenistic period after the LXX had reached a fixed status.
Early illness recognition using frequent motif discovery

Living alone in their own residence, older adults are at risk for late assessment of physical or cognitive changes due to many factors such as their impression that such changes are simply a normal part of aging or their reluctance to admit to a problem. This paper describes an early illness recognition framework using sensor network technology to identify the health trajectory of older adults reflected in patterns of day-today activities. Describing the behavior of older adults could help clinicians to identify those at the greatest risk for functional decline and adverse events. The proposed framework, denoted as Abnormal Frequent Activity Pattern (AFAP), is based on the identification of known past abnormal frequent activities in current sensor data. More specifically, AFAP declares a day abnormal when past frequent abnormal behavior patterns, not found during normal days, are discovered in the current activity data. While AFAP requires the labeling of past days as normal/abnormal, it doesn't need specific activity identification. Frequent activity patterns (FAP) are found using MEME, a bioinformatics motif detection algorithm. To validate our approach, we used data obtained from TigerPlace, an aging in place community situated in Columbia, MO, where apartments are equipped with sensor networks (motion, bed and depth sensors). A retrospective multiple case study (N=3) design was used to quantify the in-home older adult's daily routines, over a period of two weeks. Within-person variability of routine activities may be used as a new predictor in the study of health trajectories of older adults.
Operation of a Microgrid System with Distributed Energy Resources and Storage

In a heat-power system, the use of distribute energy generation and storage will improve system’s efficiency, reliability, and emission. This paper is focused on the operation of a microgrid consisting of a PV system, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, and a PEM electrolyzer. As a grid-tied system, there is a two-way power flow between the system and the grid. The microgrid generates electric power needed for the local electric load and heat for the local heat need. With the proposed performance indexes, the system under an electricity-led scenario is simulated. The price, emission, service quality, and the overall performance indexes are all between 0.8 and 0.9. Moreover, the electric demand is 100 % met and heat demand 45.8 %.
Effect of attachment site on stability of cleavable antibody drug conjugates.

The systemic stability of the antibody–drug linker is crucial for delivery of an intact antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) to target-expressing tumors. Linkers stable in circulation but readily processed in the target cell are necessary for both safety and potency of the delivered conjugate. Here, we report a range of stabilities for an auristatin-based payload site-specifically attached through a cleavable valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzylcarbamate (VC-PABC) linker across various sites on an antibody. We demonstrate that the conjugation site plays an important role in determining VC-PABC linker stability in mouse plasma, and that the stability of the linker positively correlates with ADC cytotoxic potency both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show that the VC-PABC cleavage in mouse plasma is not mediated by Cathepsin B, the protease thought to be primarily responsible for linker processing in the lysosomal degradation pathway. Although the VC-PABC cleavage is not detected in primate plasma in vitro, linker...
Identification of G protein-biased agonists that fail to recruit β-arrestin or promote internalization of the D1 dopamine receptor.

The D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) has been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, and D1R-selective ligands have potential as therapeutic agents. Previous studies have identified substituted benzazepines as D1R-selective agonists, but the in vivo effects of these compounds have not correlated well with their in vitro pharmacological activities. A series of substituted benzazepines, and structurally dissimilar D1R-selective agonists, were tested for their functional effects on D1R-mediated cAMP accumulation, D1R-promoted β-arrestin recruitment, and D1R internalization using live cell functional assays. All compounds tested elicited an increase in the level of cAMP accumulation, albeit with a range of efficacies. However, when the compounds were evaluated for β-arrestin recruitment, a subset of substituted benzazepines, SKF83959, SKF38393, SKF82957, SKF77434, and SKF75670, failed to activate this pathway, whereas the others showed similar activation efficacies as seen with cAMP accumulation. When t...
Ultrastructure of Sperm in Ft Progeny of Irradiated Males of the Mediterranean Flour Moth, Anagasta kuehniella

Following pair matings of normal Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) females to males, the male parents of which had received 15 krad of gamma radiation, a study was made of the ultrastructure of sperm in 10 pairs. Emphasis was placed on the spermathecae and seminal vesicles, although some observations were made on the testes. Only 3 spermathecae contained eupyrene (nucleate) sperm. A few apyrene (anucleate) sperm were found in 4 other spermathecae. All intact sperm in the spermathecae appeared to have a normal morphology. Eupyrene sperm bundles were found in the seminal vesicles of 7 males. These bundles had reduced numbers of cells, and the cells presented a variety of abnormalities. The most normal sperm were found in the males mated to the females with eupyrene sperm in their spermathecae. Nine sets of seminal vesicles contained large quantities of apyrene cells, and normal-appearing bundles of anyrene cells were found in the testis of the 10th male. Thus, in the sample studied, there was severe impairment to eupyrene sperm production. Apparently only morphologically normal cells are maintained in the spermathecae.
Inability of Sheep to Develop Antihormone to the Gonadotropic Hormone from Sheep-Pituitary Glands.

SummarySheep-pituitary extracts, which had produced gonadotropic antihorniones in several species of animals, were injected into 2 sheep for 6 months, during which time no gonadotropic antihormom was found in the sheep-sera.
Moral Panics and the Social Construction of Deviant Behavior: A Theory and Application to the Case of Ritual Child Abuse

The objective of the article is to develop a theory of the causes and transmission of moral panics. The theory is designed to explain forms of collective behavior, previously labeled panics, scares and persecu- tions. Part one of this article presents criteriafor the identification of moral panics. Part two of the article offers models for analyzing the social condi- tions, which cause moral panics and lead to the social construction of defi- nitions of deviance. Finally, part three examines the social processes by which moral panics are transmitted between different societies. In order to illustrate the theoretical analysis, the article presents information about the current moral panic involving criminal accusations of ritual child abuse by secret, satanic cults.
“For a While They Live a Few Feet Off the Ground” Place and Cultural Performance at the Walnut Valley Festival

In this article, I use ethnographic data and twenty-five interviews collected over a period of four years at the Walnut Valley Festival, an annual folk musicians’ festival, to explore how attendees...
Sequential Curettage, 5-Fluorouracil, and Photodynamic Therapy for Field Cancerization of the Scalp and Face in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUNDField cancerization with actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (AK/SCCIS) represents a common therapeutic challenge in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). These patients often show inadequate responses to methods traditionally used as monotherapy (e.g., topical chemo
Lentivirus-Mediated Modification of Pluripotent Stem Cells

Relatively safe, HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors have served as an efficient means of transducing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here we describe the variety of lentiviral vector systems available with the basic strategy for designing viral vectors and methods for generating viruses for efficiently infecting and selecting transduced hESCs.
The psychiatrist as expert witness.

This article discusses the two different types of legal situations involving participation by psychiatrists—clinical testimony and forensic expert testimony—and presents guidelines and ethical considerations for the psychiatrist participating in the criminal justice system.
Biomarkers in Genitourinary Cancers: Blazing the Path Forward.

Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Division of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of [3_TD$DIFF]Surgery, [4_TD$DIFF]City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
Predictive methods for computational metalloenzyme redesign – a test case with carboxypeptidase A

Computational metalloenzyme design is a multi-scale problem. It requires treating the metal coordination quantum mechanically, extensive sampling of the protein backbone, and additionally accounting for the polarization of the active site by both the metal cation and the surrounding protein (a phenomenon called electrostatic preorganization). We bring together a combination of theoretical methods that jointly offer these desired qualities: QM/DMD for mixed quantum-classical dynamic sampling, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) for the assessment of electrostatic preorganization, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) for mechanistic studies. Within this suite of principally different methods, there are both complementarity of capabilities and cross-validation. Using these methods, predictions can be made regarding the relative activities of related enzymes, as we show on the native Zn2+-dependent carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and its mutant proteins, which are hypothesized to hydrolyze modified substrates. For the native CPA, we replicated the catalytic mechanism and the rate in close agreement with the experiment, giving validity to the QM/DMD predicted structure, the DFT mechanism, and the QTAIM assessment of catalytic activity. For most sequences of the modified substrate and tried CPA mutants, substantially worsened activity is predicted. However, for the substrate mutant that contains Asp instead of Phe at the C-terminus, one CPA mutant exhibits a reasonable activity, as predicted across the theoretical methods. CPA is a well-studied system, and here it serves as a testing ground for the offered methods.
Culture Teaching in Historical Review: On the Occasion of ASOCOPI’s Fiftieth Anniversary

This literature review surveys fifty years of English language teaching scholarship on the topic of culture teaching. The review segments the available literature according to decade and applies two guiding questions to each resource found: How is culture defined and What does culture teaching look like . The report of findings details how authors in each decade literature set define culture and culture teaching. Discussion of the findings offers general observations of developments as well as consistencies over the entire literature set (1965-2015). This literature review will be of interest to current and emerging English language teaching scholars involved in culture teaching scholarship. It is dedicated to ASOCOPI’s fifty-year anniversary (1965-2015).
Assessing Support Network Stability With Transition-Age Foster Youth: Measuring Change Over time

Objective:This study uses the Support Network Assessment for Practice (SNAP) approach to measure the support provided to young people transitioning from foster care.Methods:The SNAP was administered on two occasions, approximately 7 months apart, to a cohort of transition-age foster youth (n = 27). Analyses investigated measurement reliability and sensitivity to change for network-level characteristics as well as baseline factors associated with relationship stability.Results:Most network-level indicators had strong test–retest correlations, and differences in mean scores over time also were detected, suggesting measurement sensitivity to change. Respondents were able to explain most observed changes in their networks, further suggesting reliable measurement. Stable relationships were those reported as stronger and providing more multifaceted support and those with family members and/or parent figures.Discussion:The SNAP approach could be used to facilitate planning around support needs for youth transiti...
Great Lakes Resource Sharing Conference Issue

The idea for the Great Lakes Resource Sharing Conference (GLRSC) grew out of a directive from the Michigan Council of Library Directors (COLD) to its Resource Sharing Group to propose a collaborati...
Towards A New Behaviorism

(2000). Towards A New Behaviorism. European Journal of Behavior Analysis: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51-60.
Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Autophagy: Environmental Genotoxins, Infection, and Innate Immunity.

Autoimmune disorders constitute a major and growing health concern. However, the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to or exacerbate disease symptoms remain unclear. Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to break immune tolerance and be elevated in the serum of patients with autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Extensive work over the past decade has characterized the role of a protein termed stimulator of interferon genes, or STING, in mediating IFN expression and activation in response to cytosolic DNA and cyclic dinucleotides. Interestingly, this STING-dependent innate immune pathway both utilizes and is targeted by the cell’s autophagic machinery. Given that aberrant interplay between the apoptotic and autophagic machineries contributes to deregulation of the STING-dependent pathway, IFN-regulated autoimmune phenotypes may be influenced by the combined exposure to environmental carcinogens and pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. This review therefore summarizes recent data regarding these important issues in the field of autoimmunity.
Debtor Priority and Options in Bankruptcy: A Policy Intervention

The priority structure of debt claims against business entities is a key feature of corporate finance. The American Bankruptcy Institute’s Commission to Study Reform of Chapter 11 recently recommended that U.S. bankruptcy law grant junior, out-of-the-money creditors a distribution in the reorganization or sale of the debtor. The distribution would reflect the possibility that the value of the debtor enterprise would increase in the three years following bankruptcy. This proposed priority reallocation in favor of junior creditors was at least partly inspired by a series of legal academic articles published over the past fifteen years. In this article, we first review the insights of earlier foundational scholarship regarding the benefits of hierarchical debt contracts and then critique the more recent articles that advocate for deviations from absolute priority, including through an extension of the implicit option held by junior creditors. We suggest that the parties themselves can contract for such adjustments under the limited circumstances in which this would be desirable.
The Effect of Fluid Consumption and Exercise on Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, noninvasive technique to determine body composition. The fundamental principle of determining body composition via bioelectrical impedance is to determine the resistance to, or conductance of, a low voltage current applied to biological tissue. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is well correlated to total body water. Bioelectrical impedance is sensitive to fluid shifts namely changes in blood flow, changes in electrolyte concentration, and changes in hydration status and consequently bioelectrical impedance has been used as a tool to measure such changes. Thirty college-aged students, 18-25 years old, 18 men and 12 women were subjects for this study. Bioelectrical impedance was determined with the Tanita BC-418 at two time points. Subjects were instructed to drink 490ml of water then exercised on the treadmill for 30mins. Our results show a significant decrease in resistance in both the sum of the upper limbs and the sum of the lower limbs indicating a fluid shift that is related to the fluid consumed by the subjects, but independent of tonicity.
Oyster feuds: conflicting discourses and outcomes in Point Reyes, California

Abstract The closure of Drake's Bay Oyster Farm in Point Reyes National Seashore, California, ignited a heated local and national conflict regarding the roles of stewardship and conservation and private business in protected areas. It is vital to examine parks and conservation critically to identify places where they are exacerbating resource struggles that often result from globalization and development, in the United States and in other countries. This article uses Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify conflicting discourses present in this conflict and to analyze knowledge and power in relation to issues of resource and land use in protected areas. This analysis highlights differences in scale and logic between the discourse used by local stakeholders, and the discourse used by conservation organizations and Park officials, in the Point Reyes conflict and in other National Parks. Key Words: Political ecology, discourse, aquaculture, oysters, Foucault, National Parks, conservation, land stewardship, Point Reyes, protected areas
Extinguishing fires involving ammonium nitrate stock with water: Possible complications:

Violent decomposition and explosion of ammonium nitrate induced by a fire present potentially a serious threat to personnel, facilities, and nearby community. One of the most recent incidents involving ammonium nitrate occurred on 17 April 2013, in West, Texas, killing 15 people and injuring more than 250 people; this incident has caused heated discussion again on the safety issues associated with ammonium nitrate including firefighting issues. In terms of fire protection, water suppression systems have been widely used in chemical process facilities as an active protection layer, and they have been successful in tackling most of the fires. However, where water is the only agent to fight a fire in an ammonium nitrate store, acting as a cooling and hence combustion extinguishing agent, it does not limit the oxidant supply as this is contained within the ammonium nitrate molecule. Under some circumstances, the addition of water may also favor the conditions for explosion. In this article, the possible role ...
Agent-based modeling as a tool for studying social identity processes: The case of optimal distinctiveness theory

© Kramer, Roderick M.; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Livingston, Robert W., May 23, 2011, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and Intergroup Relations : A Festschrift in Honor of Marilynn B. Psychology Press, Hoboken, ISBN: 9780203816790 AGENT-BASED MODELING AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING SOCIAL IDENTITY PROCESSES The Case of Optimal Distinctiveness Theory Cynthia L. Pickett, Paul E. Smaldino, Jeffrey W. Sherman, and Jeffrey Schank Researchers studying social identity and intergroup relations have tra- ditionally approached group behavior as an interaction between the individual, the group, and the social context in which the individual and group are embedded. This approach has been quite fruitful, as evi- denced by the proliferation of theories and studies over the last sev- eral decades that have identified the psychological and sociocontextual features that are likely to give rise to particular group behaviors (e.g., in-group bias, discrimination, intergroup hostility). However, these theories are based largely on how individuals are predicted to respond and behave under particular circumstances, often without explicit con- sideration of the interdependence among individuals or the group-level outcomes that may emerge as a result of the interactions among indi- vidual actors. This approach is similar to a traffic engineer attempt- ing to understand traffic patterns by examining the motivations and behaviors of individual drivers. Individual-level theories may tell the engineer that drivers attempt to maximize the speed of their car and avoid erratic fellow drivers. But understanding why traffic jams occur requires consideration of how the behavior of one driver affects the behavior of multiple other drivers and how these behaviors unfold over time. In this chapter, we echo the sentiment of other researchers
PENGARUH PRODUK, HARGA, PROMOSI DAN LOKASI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi, dan lokasi terhadap keputusan pembelian. studi kasus pada konsumen Papapia Bogor
Progress in Synthetic Prosthetic Mesh for Ventral Hernia Repair

For the past 40 years, polypropylene (PP) has been the main synthetic mesh to repair abdominal wall defects. Since the introduction of PP, other products have been commonly used, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and expanded tetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). In recent years, the demand for enhanced biocompatibility has resulted in improvements in surgical mesh, such as biologically coated synthetic mesh and synthetic resorbable mesh. Today there are over 80 different types of mesh and mesh composites available, and choosing the optimal surgical mesh for a particular procedure can be overwhelming (see Chap. 20). This chapter provides an update on the state of the current synthetic mesh used in ventral hernia repair, including new designs in the area of synthetic surgical mesh in order to improve the overall biocompatibility.
Inhibition of the Carcinogenic Process and of Expression of the Neoplastic Phenotype

Current interest in inhibitors of carcinogenesis stems from our increasing understanding of mechanisms of carcinogenesis, which in turn has been stimulated by the growing realization that the majority of human cancer is of environmental origin. Environmental studies of cancer incidence on a world-wide basis have revealed striking differences in the rates of such neoplasms as those of the colon, breast, and lung, which are common in the United States but occur much less frequently in non-Western societies (Doll et al., 1970). Of particular interest is the low incidence rate for breast cancer and the high rate for stomach cancer in Japan, which contrast with the high breast cancer and low stomach cancer rates in the U.S. That these differences are not primarily of racial origin is apparent in studies of Japanese migrants to the U.S., who begin to aquire incidence rates characteristic of the host country (Haenszel and Kurihara, 1968). Similarly, studies within the U.S. have shown wide geographaphic differences in cancer incidence, the highest levels being typically found in urban industrial settings. In contrast, some of the lowest incidence rates are found among groups such as Seventh-Day Adventists, whose life-style includes the prohibition of alcohol and tobacco, and a lacto-ovovegetarian diet.
Further sulfur speciation studies by sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy

Abstract Sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy has been shown to be an excellent technique for quantitative speciation of sulfur in fossil fuels. Earlier studies focussed on establishing the method and applying it to sulfur speciation in coal. More recently, it has been applied to a variety of additional problems, including investigation of coal desulfurization processes, and speciation of sulfur in materials derived from coal and oil, such as asphalts, coal liquefaction resids, and rubber. Some of the more interesting results from this research will be presented. Additionally, a comparison will be made of sulfur K-edge and L-edge XANES results for the same coal.
Adrenomedullin: Vascular Hormone

Originally discovered in extracts of a pheochromocytoma, the most recent additions to the family of vasoactive hormones are two peptides derived from the same preprohormone. Proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide (PAMP) and adrenomedullin (AM) are potent hypotensive peptides with unique mechanisms of action. Additionally these peptides exert extravascular actions, notably in the adrenal gland, kidney and brain, all related to the physiologic maintenance of cardiovascular function and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Like other vasoactive hormones, peptide production occurs in many tissues, and the vascular site seems to predominate. Circulating levels of PAMP and AM are elevated in several pathologic conditions, most notably septic shock and hypertension associated with renal failure. It remains to be established whether these increases in circulating peptides mirror the vascular insult of these disease states or reflect physiologically relevant compensatory mechanisms recruited under these conditions.
Characteristics of fields used by birds in winter in New York

Populations of birds utilizing open fields have been declining for decades in North America. Research has primarily focused on these species during the breeding season, however, while wintering distribution and habitat selection are understudied. Research during the nonbreeding season may be especially important in northeastern North America where reforestation is reducing the amount of open-field habitat. In this study, we examined how the abundance of Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) and Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) varied between agricultural fields of different cover types and sizes during the nonbreeding season. We conducted repeated transect surveys in 9 fields with different crop residues (stubble), a one-time rapid survey of 99 fields of varying sizes and agricultural uses, and an analysis of eBird data examining the presence or absence of our focal species across New York State. The repeated transect surveys revealed that both Snow Buntings and Horned Larks were more likely to be detected in corn stubble fields compared to pasture and hay fields. The rapid survey revealed no difference in the detection of Snow Buntings related to cover types or field size, although no buntings were detected in fields <8 acres (3.24 ha). More Horned Larks were detected in corn and soy fields than in all types of grass fields, and more were detected in larger fields than in smaller fields. The analysis of eBird data revealed that likelihood of occurrence for both species increases with the increasing percentage of open habitat in the surrounding landscape (500 m radius). This study highlights the importance large field complexes where corn and other agricultural stubbles provide habitat and presumably greater food resources for open-field birds in winter.
Physical Masculinity and the “Philosopher Hero” in the 1790s Political Novel

1790s reformist fiction in Great Britain makes evident the approaching nineteenth-century turn in ideals of masculinity from physically defined aristocratic chivalry toward intellectually defined m...
The Postpartum Hemorrhage Patient Safety Bundle Implementation at a Single Institution: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned.

Objective In 2015, a multidisciplinary consensus bundle of recommendations for the anticipation and management of postpartum hemorrhage was published. Our goal was to evaluate the successes and failures of our institutional bundle implementation process. Study Design An interdisciplinary committee was created to facilitate bundle implementation. All components of the bundle were addressed with cross-disciplinary teaching between stakeholders on the obstetrics units. Tools were built in the electronic medical record to facilitate bundle components of risk stratification, quantitative blood loss calculation, and stage-based hemorrhage management. Bundle components were individually evaluated for acceptability and sustainability. Overall rates of hemorrhage and transfusion from the periods 1 year before and after bundle implementation were also evaluated. Results Readiness bundle components were successfully implemented, although simulation drills demonstrated limited sustainability. Recognition components were mixed: risk stratification was successfully and sustainably implemented while quantitative blood loss met resistance and was ultimately discontinued as it did not clinically perform superiorly to estimated blood loss. Among response and reporting elements, patient level support and team debriefing were noted as particular deficiencies in our program. Conclusion The postpartum hemorrhage patient safety bundle provided concrete individual elements, which overall improved the success of a stratified program implementation. Multiple deficiencies in acceptability and sustainability were uncovered during our process, particularly concerns about quantitative blood loss implementation and team communication skills. Key Points
Relationship between Prader-Willi syndrome and sleep related breathing disorders

Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS)is a type of genetic disease, which is associated with low muscle tone, growth and development, progressive fatal obesity and sleep related respiratory disorders(SRBD). Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is the most common type of SRBD.The cause, influencing factors and treatment of OSAHS in patients with PWS are described in this paper.To understand the degree of OSAHS in children with PWS, the polysomnography is recommended. Key words: Prader-Willi syndrome; Sleep related respiratory disorders; Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome; Polysomnography
Privatizing the Intellectual Commons: Universities and the Commercialization of Biotechnology

This paper analyzes universities' attempts, since the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, to adapt their organizational arrangements to accommodate the commercialization of biotechnology research conducted by their faculty. We argue that universities' adaptive efforts have been severely hampered because internal and external parties have sought to enforce universities' adherence to their outstanding social commitment to create and sustain an "intellectual commons" for the benefit of society at large. The internal organizational arrangements universities efficiently maintain to administer the intellectual commons have also served to impede adaptive efforts. We conclude that social-contractual commitments and organizational standards may place important limits on the scope of organizations generally, as well as significantly affecting the shape and outcome of negotiations over property rights.
Digital Twin: Generalization, characterization and implementation

Abstract Digital Twin is one of the promising digital technologies being developed at present to support digital transformation and decision making in multiple industries. While the concept of a Digital Twin is nearly 20 years old, it continues to evolve as it expands to new industries and use cases. This has resulted in a continually increasing variety of definitions that threatens to dilute the concept and lead to ineffective implementations of the technology. There is a need for a consolidated and generalized definition, with clearly established characteristics to distinguish what constitutes a Digital Twin and what does not. This paper reviews 46 Digital Twin definitions given in the literature over the past ten years to propose a generalized definition that encompasses the breadth of options available and provides a detailed characterization which includes criteria to distinguish the Digital Twin from other digital technologies. Next, a process and considerations for the implementation of Digital Twins is presented through a case study. Digital Twin future needs and opportunities are also outlined.
[enter Paper Title] Political Risks, Excess and Carry Trade Returns in Global Markets

Abstract Double-sorting 34 currencies from developed, and emerging economies into different portfolios based on the level of macro risk and political risk, we provide novel evidence that local determinants of sovereign risk, including local currency volatility, are priced in the FX markets. Local political risk in particular seems to have become an important carry trade risk factor in the post-2007 financial crisis era. This is the first research to explain carry trade excess returns with local sovereign risk factors as opposed to global sovereign risk factors as a whole. We find that currency volatility risk is also important as conjectured. High-macro risk portfolios in the face of high political risk lead to higher excess returns. Our results are robust across country categories and currency regimes, with stronger results for emerging economies.
Abstract PO-045: Targeting HNF1A-dependent cell proliferation and stemness in PDAC using BET inhibitors

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with poor prognosis, with an overall survival rate of only 10%. Standard of care involves chemotherapy which improves survival by only a few weeks. Several barriers to therapeutic efficacy impede increasing survival outcome, including intrinsic resistance, owing to presence of therapy-resistant pancreatic cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs). Therefore, developing therapeutics to target molecular networks that maintain PCSC populations is critical. Microarray analysis from our lab previously established that pancreas lineage transcription factor HNF1A and its targets are enriched in CD44+CD24+EPCAM+ human PCSCs and that genetic depletion of HNF1A ablates this population and importantly, diminished tumor growth in primary PDAC xenografts. However, there are no therapeutics to directly target HNF1A. In this project, we propose to indirectly ablate HNF1A and its network by targeting epigenetic readers, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein family (BET) that maintain expression of transcription factor networks. We hypothesize that BET inhibitors decrease stemness and tumor growth in a HNF1A-dependent manner. Studies in our lab established that BET inhibitors decrease colony-formation, tumorsphere formation and cell-cycle progression in PDAC cells, that is rescued by overexpressing HNF1A. These results indicate that BET inhibitors decrease stemness and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells in a HNF1A-dependent manner. These results suggest that BET inhibitors target multiple HNF1A-dependent tumor-promoting programs, such as stemness and tumor growth which could impact utilization of these drugs in clinical settings. The ultimate goal of our project is to provide rationale for the use of BET inhibitors in clinical setting in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Bharani Muppavarapu, Ethan Abel, Melanie Mayberry. Targeting HNF1A-dependent cell proliferation and stemness in PDAC using BET inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-045.
The Needs and Problems of Business Education among Negroes

It is axiomatic that the major function of all education is to prepare people for life—life as it is, as well as life as we should like it to be. One writer has stated that “the office of education is to train for the art of living, and since life is action, an individual is truly educated, socially adjusted, only in so far as he is able to translate worthy thoughts and facts into properly directed action.”1 Vocational business education, along with other types, must fulfill the major function of education, and in so far as it fails to meet the needs of its students, both direct and indirect, it evidences certain problems which should be met.
Chemical and Biological Sensors

Publisher Summary Near the threshold voltage, the charge in the channel of a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor depends linearly on the gate voltage, but the dependence of the conductance is exponential. Thus, the conductance is extremely sensitive to the charge in the channel, and this is the basis for utilizing carbon nanotube field-effect transistors as ultrasensitive sensors. One of the early experiments, that supported the charge transfer model, consisted in measuring the resistance of networks of carbon nanotubes in vacuum and in oxygen-rich environments. Charge transfer effects can also arise when the work function of metal clusters on carbon nanotubes is modified by analytes. For example, it is well-known that hydrogen diffuses readily into palladium (Pd), which can lead to a change in its work function. Indeed, this mechanism forms the basis of hydrogen gas sensor technologies. It is possible to take advantage of this mechanism in carbon nanotube devices by decorating the nanotube surface with nanoparticles of palladium. This is accomplished by first assembling a carbon nanotube electronic device, followed by electron beam evaporation of Pd on the whole device, leading to Pd nanoparticles decorating the nanotube sidewalls.
Performance under Competitive and Self-Competitive Fixed-Interval Schedules of Reinforcement.

Participants completed blocks of trials under simple (i.e., work-alone), competitive, and self-competitive fixed-interval 20-s schedules of reinforcement. In general, response rates were highest during competition and lowest while working alone. In addition, whereas participants emitted responses at a constant rate while working alone, competitive responses often followed a break-and-run pattern; self-competitive responses, in contrast, were highly variable in both rate and pattern, often changing within a single session. Finally, no systematic relation was found between rates of responding and probability of reinforcement under competitive and self-competitive conditions. These observations suggest that self-competitive behavior may contain many of the characteristics of competitive behavior.
Developing statics knowledge inventories

Following the lead of the physics community, engineering faculty have recognized the value of good assessment instruments for evaluating the learning of their students and to evaluate changes in teaching. As a result, significant efforts are underway to develop engineering subject assessment tools. These efforts have focused on developing "concept" inventories for determining student understanding of the subject's fundamental concepts. But for most engineering subjects, concepts are closely linked to "skill" components. However, concept inventory developers appear to have relied on a "I know it when I see it" approach when distinguishing between a concept and a skill. In this paper, a cognitive psychology-based taxonomy of declarative and procedural knowledge is discussed in relation to knowledge assessment in the engineering education literature. This foundation can be used to help distinguish concepts from skills and guide question construction. In addition, the paper describes the process used and resulting delineation of important statics' concept and skill statements. An ongoing Delphi process to refine the inventory of these statements, validating their form, and establishing their relative importance by a broad group of subject matter experts is described.
Design and operating experience on the U.S. Department of Energy Experimental Mod-O 100 kW Wind Turbine

The experimental wind turbine was designed and fabricated to assess technology requirements and engineering problems of large wind turbines. The machine has demonstrated successful operation in all of its design modes and served as a prototype developmental test bed for the Mod-0A operational wind turbines which are currently used on utility networks. The mechanical and control system are described as they evolved in operational tests and some of the experience with various systems in the downwind rotor configurations are elaborated.
Autonomous Control of a Quadrotor UAV using Fuzzy Logic

UAV’s are being increasingly used today than ever before in both military and civil applications. A certain level of autonomy is imperative to the future of UAV’s. A quadrotor is a helicopter with four rotors, that make it more stable; but more complex to model and control. Characteristics that provide a clear advantage over other fixed wing UAV’s are VTOL and hovering capabilities as well as a greater maneuverability. Fuzzy logic control offers several advantages over certain types of conventional control, especially when dealing with highly nonlinear systems and modeling uncertainties. The objective of this research endeavor is to present the steps of designing, building and simulating an intelligent flight control module for a quadrotor UAV. The responses are analyzed and future work involving hardware-in-the-loop simulations is proposed.
Scatter correction for clinical cone beam CT breast imaging based on breast phantom studies

In flat-panel detector-based cone beam CT breast imaging (CBCTBI) systems, scattering is an important factor that degrades image quality. It is not practical to measure the scattering profiles of a breast for all view angles in a patient study, but it is possible to develop a method to estimate the scattering profiles based on information acquired from breast phantom studies. A new scattering correction method is proposed for clinical CBCTBI in this study. The scattering profiles of three anthropomorphic uncompressed breast phantoms of different sizes were thoroughly investigated, and the results indicated that though phantom size differed, the scattering profiles were mainly determined by local breast diameters, which are the approximate diameters of coronal slices that are perpendicular to the nipple-to-chestwall direction. Thus for scattering correction purposes it is possible to establish a relationship between location breast diameters and local scattering profiles, namely the fitted smooth curves of scatter-to-primary ratios (SPR) and normalized scattered radiations (NSR). In clinical CBCTBI studies, after the local breast diameters are sampled and measured on projection images, the scattering image for every projection image can be generated based on the established relationship, and the projection images can be corrected using either the SPR based method or the NSR based method. Phantom studies and clinical studies showed that both the SPR and NSR methods are able to correct cupping artifacts and reduce reconstruction error. The SPR method does not increase tissue contrast or noise while the NSR method increases both.
When is Genomic Testing Cost-Effective? Testing for Lynch Syndrome in Patients with Newly-Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer and Their Relatives

Varying estimates of the cost-effectiveness of genomic testing applications can reflect differences in study questions, settings, methods and assumptions. This review compares recently published cost-effectiveness analyses of testing strategies for Lynch Syndrome (LS) in tumors from patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) for either all adult patients or patients up to age 70 along with cascade testing of relatives of probands. Seven studies published from 2010 through 2015 were identified and summarized. Five studies analyzed the universal offer of testing to adult patients with CRC and two others analyzed testing patients up to age 70; all except one reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) < $ 100,000 per life-year or quality-adjusted life-year gained. Three studies found lower ICERs for selective testing strategies using family history-based predictive models compared with universal testing. However, those calculations were based on estimates of sensitivity of predictive models derived from research studies, and it is unclear how sensitive such models are in routine clinical practice. Key model parameters that are influential in ICER estimates included 1) the number of first-degree relatives tested per proband identified with LS and 2) the cost of gene sequencing. Others include the frequency of intensive colonoscopic surveillance, the cost of colonoscopy, and the inclusion of extracolonic surveillance and prevention options.