cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of MOSCED parameters from the COSMO-SAC database

Abstract MOSCED (Modified Separation of Cohesive Energy Density) is a particularly attractive model for infinite dilution activity coefficients because it offers intuitive insights into how to tune solvent-solute interactions to achieve optimized formulations. Unfortunately, only 133 compounds have been characterized with the MOSCED method. Available methods for extending MOSCED predictions to new compounds involve quantum mechanical computations on a compound-by-compound basis. On the other hand, surface charge densities (σ-profiles) from density functional theory (DFT) computations are readily available for 1432 compounds through a public database. This work develops correlations for estimating MOSCED parameters from the available σ-profiles, extending the applicability of MOSCED from 133 to roughly 1400 compounds. Additional DFT computations for new compounds would be straightforward. The predictive functions were regressed based on 4368 binary solution infinite dilution activity coefficients. The average logarithmic deviation for the predictive MOSCED model was 0.318 while using the original correlative model had a deviation of 0.106 compared to 0.183 for the UNIFAC model and 0.444 for the Virginia Tech implementation of COSMO-SAC. Analysis of a predictive “simplified” SCED model (PSSCED) was also considered. Omitting MOSCED's polarity and solvent polarity parameters increased deviations to 0.596. As a basis for comparison, regular solution theory provided deviations of 0.947 for the same data set.
Nano-crystallization induced by high-energy heavy ion irradiation in UO2

Abstract Advanced microstructure investigations of the high-burnup structure (HBS) in UO2 produced by high-dose 84 MeV Xe ion irradiation are reported. Spark plasma sintered micro-grained UO2 was irradiated to 1357 dpa at 350 °C. The characteristic nano-grains and micro-pores of the HBS were formed. The grain size and grain boundary misorientation distributions of the HBS were measured using transmission electron microscopy based orientation imaging microscopy. Grain polygonization due to accumulation of radiation-induced dislocations was found to be the mechanism of nano-crystallization. The morphology of Xe bubbles was quantitatively investigated. This study provides crucial references for advanced fuel performance modeling of high-burnup UO2.
Pathology of Medical Devices

It is difficult to overstate the importance of medical devices in the physician's current clinical armamentarium to diagnose and treat disease. Approximately 10% of the population is estimated to have an implantable medical device or biomaterial of some sort. These devices often serve their intended purpose (and their patients) well for long periods of time but may suffer failure at some point after implantation. The mechanisms of failure of medical devices are often similar to the pathological processes involved in the mechanisms of disease for native tissues. Understanding these processes is critical for the design of the next generation of biomaterials and medical devices.
Microbes and B cell development

Animals and many of their chronic microbial inhabitants form relationships of symbiotic mutualism, which occurs when coexisting life-forms derive mutual benefit from stable associations. While microorganisms receive a secure habitat and constant food source from vertebrate hosts, they are required for optimal immune system development and occupy niches otherwise abused by pathogens. Microbes have also been shown to provide vertebrate hosts with metabolic capabilities that enhance energy and nutrient uptake from the diet. The immune system plays a central role in the establishment and maintenance of host-microbe homeostasis, and B lineage cells play a key role in this regulation. Here, I reviewed the structure and function of the microbiota and the known mechanisms of how nonpathogenic microbes influence B cell biology and immunoglobulin repertoire development early in life. I also discuss what is known about how B lineage cells contribute to the process of shaping the composition of commensal/mutualistic microbe membership.
The Evaluation of Cardiac Chest Pain and Equivalent Syndromes in the Emergency Department

Therapeutic and diagnostic advances have continued to reduce mortality and morbidity from acute coronary syndrome. Thrombolytic therapy and numerous other medical and invasive options are now widely available for treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Bedside enzymatic assays and cardiac imaging modalities are more available for rapid diagnosis.
The Impact of an Unexpected Facility Closure on a Campus Community

This case study examines the impact of an unexpected recreational facility closure. The university studied is a small Division I school, located in a rural area. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit data from 22 people representing various groups around campus. Using grounded theory, the researchers coded statements and categories, resulting in six themes: socialization, performance, adaptability, management, communication and perception, and student satisfaction. The study includes an overview of the university and recreational culture, a description of the fieldhouse roof collapse, interview methods and study limitations, an analysis of stakeholder interviews, and suggestions for how to best handle a similar scenario.
A Novel Design to Reduce Reflection for Bi-Directional Multi-Dimm Memory Channels

This paper proposes a method to reduce the stub reflection effects on a memory channel of a server platform. The memory channel eye height and eye width margin improved by 3 times when isolation between multiple dimms were achieved. Balanced margin distribution between dimms were also accomplished. Process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations were improved as well.
Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics when Exposed to Underwater Explosion Impulse

Very little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to primary blast injury (PBI) except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional analysis techniques relied on methods developed more than 30 years ago using terrestrial mammals as surrogates. Modeling tools available today have the computing power to vastly improve calculation of safe ranges and injury zones from underwater explosions (UNDEX) employing morphologically accurate proxies with material properties similar to marine mammal tissues. The Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) software is being used to simulate the complex phenomena of UNDEX, shock wave, and bubble pulse propagation through the water and transmission of energy to a cetacean focusing on the dynamic response of the thoracic cavity and air-filled lungs to a shock wave. The approach integrates fluid and structural analyses with the material properties of blubber, bone, and muscle using marine mammal morphometrics to eliminate unnecessary assumptions made during more traditional approaches to analysis developed before these types of data and computational power were available. DYSMAS analyses of a 1D gas bubble surrounded by water was found to closely match the classical bubble dynamics models. Further, DYSMAS models of a spherical gas bubble surrounded by tissue and rib structure demonstrate a global radial oscillation of the gas bubble, but also show significant local deflection and material strain in response to the UNDEX loading. The intended result of the investigation is an improved and scientifically defensible understanding of the effects of UNDEX on marine mammals. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:718-734, 2019. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A Meteotsunami Climatology along the U.S. East Coast

AbstractMeteotsunamis are atmospherically forced ocean waves with characteristics similar to seismic tsunamis. Several recent hazardous meteotsunamis resulted in damage and injuries along U.S. coas...
The effect of appearance-related media on implicit cognitive responses to food.

The goal of this study was to investigate how exposure to commercials featuring thin or plus-size models affects women's implicit cognitive responses to food. One hundred sixteen college-age women watched a neutral documentary that contained a commercial depicting either a thin woman (n = 39), a plus-size woman (n = 38), or content with no human actors (n = 39). After the documentary, women completed the Flanker task to measure their implicit attention to foods, the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) to measure their implicit evaluation of food, and a measure of state body dissatisfaction. Results revealed those who viewed the commercial of the plus-size model experienced response conflict in the Flanker task on trials in which the healthy food targets were flanked by unhealthy distractor foods, whereas those who viewed the thin model or the neutral commercial did not. The groups did not differ in their implicit liking of the foods in the AMP or their state body dissatisfaction. These results suggest that although briefly viewing appearance-related media may not shift women's state body image or their evaluation of food, they are more easily distracted by unhealthy foods and as a result, may be more motivated to consume unhealthy foods.
Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma (Alpha-Beta)

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma is an indolent extranodal lymphoma characterized by a pannicular-based infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes with rimming of adipocytes. The infiltrate is composed of cytotoxic alpha-beta CD8-positive T cells.
Trends in undergraduate economics degrees, 2001–2018

AbstractUndergraduate degrees awarded in economics by U.S. colleges and universities were stagnant from 2010 (2009–10) through 2013, increased rapidly (almost 15%) over the two years from 2013 thro...
Characterizing Uncertainties of Wireless Channels in Connected Vehicles

The performance of autonomous cars can be greatly enhanced through wireless coordination. However, mobility has traditionally been a challenge for wireless networks due to rapid fluctuation of the signal quality. Current control systems handle this challenge by slowing down the vehicle to preserve safety. However, in this research, we demonstrate that we can robustly characterize the channel quality by mapping the multipath signals to the dynamics of the physical environment, thus controlling the trajectory of the mobile agent to a safe efficient motion path. This allows mobile systems to realize the performance benefits of wireless coordination while providing safety.
Considerations in training student pharmacists to perform physical assessment.

Abstract Background and purpose Patient assessment skills are an integral component of pharmacy education. Fostering a realistic learning experience requires simulated interaction with standardized patients (SPs). Cost, student performance, and student preference are important factors to consider when selecting a SP option. The study objective was to compare student peer SPs (SPSPs) and manikins for training student pharmacists to perform physical assessment skills. Educational activity and setting First-year student pharmacists were taught five physical assessment techniques and practiced on both a manikin and SPSPs. An examination was administered to assess student knowledge and technique performance. Student preference was assessed via survey. A cost utility analysis compared the costs of a SimMan manikin with SPSPs. Findings All enrolled student pharmacists met competency during the final exam. Students strongly agreed or agreed: practicing on a live simulated patient enhanced my ability to perform physical assessment skills (95%); practicing on SimMan enhanced my ability to perform physical assessment skills (88%); I am interested in incorporating physical assessments in my future pharmacy (88%); and I believe future practice will support implementing physical assessments (85%). The cost utility analysis determined a utility of 4.74 with student peer SPs and 4.49 with SimMan. Summary Student pharmacists were successfully trained to perform physical assessment techniques utilizing both SPSPs and a manikin. Understanding differences in instructional methods allows educators to determine best practices when teaching physical assessment.
Applications of diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography in assessing corticospinal tract of brainstem tumors: a preliminary clinical study

Objective To explore the change of corticospinal tract (CST) of brainstem tumors on tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).Methods Eight cases of brainstem tumors were analyzed.There were 6 males and 2 females with a mean age of 9 (4-17) years.Another 8 normal controls were matched with regards to gender and age.All patients and normal controls underwent DTI scanning.Results Both DTI and DTT could be used to evaluation the status of CST and medial lemnicus by delineating the spatial relationship of tumors and fiber tracts.None of them had new symptoms of nervous system after surgery.Conclusions Capable of visualizing the relationship of tumors and fiber tracts,DTI and DTT are important for perioperative management and prognostic predication. Key words: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Brain stem; Corticospinal tracts
Comparison of BDC linker based MOFs for carbon dioxide trapping; curb climate change

It is well recognized fact that materials properties depend up on synthesis technique. We cause this power for changing physical and chemical properties of materials. Metal organic frameworks are porous coordination polymers that have highly porous structure, great surface area and can be utilized for gas capturing and storage applications. Improving MOFs surface area have always been aimed in coordination chemistry. Synthesis reactions need mass physical forces where mass transfer of reactants is required, and it can definitely be provided by sonochemical synthesis approach. In this study BDC linker-based MOFs were-synthesized using ultrasonication method. Prepared sample was activated under vacuum to obtain highly porous MOF crystals. All prepared samples were fully characterized using PXRD, TGA, SEM-EDS and BET analysis. Results indicated Mn-BDC MOF has highest carbon dioxide capturing tendency.
Evaluation and analysis of commercial cultivars and elite breeding lines for resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen race 18 in cotton

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important crop which provides a significant source of fiber, animal feed, and food oil worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), infects the aerial part of the cotton plant at all stages and can cause a significant loss in yield and fiber quality. In this study, 288 Upland (G. hirsutum) and 8 Pima (G. barbadense) commercial transgenic cultivars and elite breeding lines were divided into 10 replicated tests and evaluated for BB resistance using the toothpick scratching method in the greenhouse in 2016–2017. Five Upland and four Pima genotypes were used as resistant and susceptible controls, respectively. The percentage of susceptible plants with water-soaking symptoms was calculated on a replication basis for each genotype. While all the commercial Pima cultivars tested were susceptible, 21 commercial Upland cultivars were resistant to Xcm race 18. A total of 22 elite public breeding lines were resistant, including 11 lines from the University of Arkansas with an active breeding program for BB resistance and 1–4 resistant lines from five other public breeding programs without an active screening component for BB resistance. Of more than 150 breeding lines developed at New Mexico State University, 11 were found to be resistant to BB. Many commercial cultivars and public breeding lines were found to contain various levels of susceptible plants and are therefore heterogeneous in BB resistance. The results suggest that the resistance to Xcm race 18 can be easily bred in breeding without a selection pressure. A pedigree analysis showed that there are likely different sources of BB resistance. The resistant cultivars and lines identified should be a valuable resource to improve BB resistance in cotton breeding.
Quantifying Treatment-Related Fluctuations in CIDP: Results of the GRIPPER Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the extent of IVIG treatment related fluctuations (TRF) by using home collection of daily grip strength in patients with CIDP, and to use that information to develop evidence-based treatment optimization strategies. Methods: This prospective observational study included 25 patients with well-defined CIDP. Participants recorded grip strength daily for 6 months. Disability and gait metrics were collected weekly. Serum IgG levels were obtained at peak, trough and mid-cycle IVIG intervals. Day-to-day grip strength changes Results: Participants successfully recorded grip strength on all but 9% of recordable days. Twelve patients (48%) were classified as low/no fluctuaters and 13 (52%) as frequent fluctuaters. In the frequent fluctuating group grip strength improved over one week, and thereafter was relatively stable until the 3rd week post infusion. Grip strength was significantly correlated with measures of disability. Conclusions: Grip strength collection by patients at home is reliable, valid, and feasible. A change in grip strength by ≥ 10% is a useful, practical, and evidence-based approach that may be used to identify clinically meaningful TRFs. Based upon this data, we propose a treatment optimization strategy for patients with CIDP on chronic IVIG that may be applied to routine clinic care during both face-to-face and virtual video or telephone patient encounters.
Two Realms and a Marriage

This chapter reviews the political background between eastern Spain and the central Mediterranean. These ties harkened back to the period after the Sicilian Vespers (1282) when Pere II gained control of Sicily, leading to Aragonese control of the central Mediterranean. Laying out this complicated prelude, Kagay narrows his focus on the marriages of Pere III, first to a Navarrese and then to a Portuguese princess. Although children were born to the first union, only daughters survived. The second union ended suddenly in fall, 1349 when the king’s bride died of plague. The rest of this chapter traces Pere III’s third marriage to the 24-year-old Elionor in August, 1349.
Should I Touch the Customer? Rethinking Interpersonal Touch Effects from the Perspective of the Touch Initiator

Previous research has highlighted the effects of receiving interpersonal touch on persuasion. In contrast, we examine initiating touch. Individuals instructed to touch engage in egocentric projection in which they project their own affective reaction onto their expectations for how the recipient will feel (i.e., empathic forecast), how they appear to the recipient (i.e., metaperception), and the evaluation of the interaction itself (i.e., interaction awkwardness). Touch initiators expect that recipients will feel worse with touch, express concern for how they, themselves, will be perceived, and think interactions are more awkward. Interestingly, touch recipients do not evaluate these interactions more negatively and leave higher tips after having been touched; touch initiators do not expect this to be the case. As a result, instructed touch initiators (vs. volitional touch initiators) are less (more) likely to engage in subsequent interactions with customers, potentially undermining future service provided to customers. Across five studies, four of which involve actual dyadic interactions, we test the consequences of initiating touch with an inquiry into the effects of interpersonal touch on the initiator. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications.
Atypical presentation of subdural block resulting in Horner's syndrome and loss of consciousness.

Horner’s syndrome is a rare side effect for patients receiving epidural anaesthesia. Studies described Horner’s syndrome due to cephalic spread of injected anaesthetics, a high spinal anaesthesia, or a sign of an inadvertent subdural block. A 31-year-old woman (Gravida 1 Para 0) at 40 weeks and 2 days had a caesarean section secondary to second stage arrest. Fourteen minutes after she received the lidocaine bolus, she became unresponsive with nystagmus, unequal pupils and no pupillary reflex. Head CT and MRI showed no intracranial haemorrhage and 2 hours later, she had spontaneous resolution of neurological symptoms with no further sequelae. Although Horner’s syndrome is a benign, transient process, clinicians should be mindful regarding epidural catheter placement causing subdural blocks resulting in spontaneous, reversible neurological deficits.
An Estimator for Conical Scan Tracking Systems using Gaussian Beam Lasers

The principle of conical scan is used in laser target tracking to get information about the angle of a target illuminated by a beam with a Gaussian intensity profile [1]. Many systems use only one term in the Fourier series expansion of the target return to estimate the pointing error. That scheme can be interpreted as an approximation for the extended Kalman Filter [2] (EKF) for the Gaussian nonlinearity. Based on this observation an improved estimator is developed utilizing the information in the target return more efficiently than the current base frequency estimators.
The Age of Marbury: Judicial Review in a Democracy of Rights

This is the third and last article in a series I have written exploring the new terrain of the conflict between democracy and judicial review. I develop a theory of judicial review that is critical of contemporary judicial review and responsive to our democratic values and political circumstances without relying on the countermajoritarian difficulty. I begin by showing that the kind of judicial review endorsed in Marbury v. Madison is quite remote from the institution of judicial review as it exists today. While Marshall's reasoning remains persuasive for many, historical evidence shows that his argument was based on a completely different understanding of the law/politics distinction than the one that prevails today. In building my own theory of judicial review, I begin by contrasting Alexander Bickel's theory with Robert Dahl's famous study of the Supreme Court's influence to show how both works were dependent on the political context of their time. I then provide a political context for my theory by highlighting the importance of a closely divided government and the politicization of constitutional issues and the federal judicial appointment process. I justify democracy by appealing to the concept of a "democracy of rights" that is led naturally to consistently protect constitutional values through legislation. Finally, I apply this account of democracy to argue that the judiciary should defer to legislation that protects constitutional rights. I also argue that the creation of a democracy of rights and the politicization of constitutional issues has led to a point where vigorous judicial review can no longer be justified. In the last part, I contrast my theory with two recent defenses of judicial review, one offered by Daniel Farber and Suzanna Sherry and the other by Christopher Eisgruber.
Government Structure and the Political Economy of Technological Innovation

Are decentralized states better at technological innovation than centralized states? Economic and political theorists, from Hayek to Mokyr, suggest that government decentralization offer advantages for innovators. Decentralized governments are widely seen as agile, competitive, and well structured to adapt to innovation's gale of creative destruction. Meanwhile, centralized states, even when democratic, are subject to capture by status-quo interest groups which use their influence to promote policies which ultimately restrict long-run technological change. Therefore decentralized government is increasingly perceived as a necessary institutional foundation for fostering long-run technological innovation. I test this theory using data on international patent activity, scientific publications, and high-technology exports.
Computerized Patient Monitoring - An Update

Computerized patient monitoring systems were first implemented over ten years ago in research oriented institutions such as Pacific Medical Center, Latter Day Saints Hospital, and the University of Alabama Medical Center. Today several commercial companies offer "off-the-shelf" patient monitoring systems. This paper describes the current status of the Hewlett Packard 5600A Computerized Patient Monitoring System which is currently undergoing the sixth revision of its software. Hewlett Packard has the largest installed base of computerized monitoring equipment in the world. The paper concludes with a discussion of the criteria for successful implementation of computerized patient monitoring, based on our experience to date.
Endoscopic management of a duodenal duplication cyst

Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital anomalies. Five percent to 10% of them are found in the duodenum. Traditionally, these lesions are treated surgically using either a laparoscopic or open transduodenal approach. We present the successful endoscopic treatment of a symptomatic duodenal duplication cyst in a 9-year-old girl.
Directions for structurally stable flows on surfaces via rotation vectors

Abstract The concept of rotation number for circle maps has been extended to rotation vectors for maps and flows on the n -dimensional torus. In this paper a natural extension of rotation vector is presented in the setting of a continuous flow on a compact orientable surface M of genus g . A theorem is presented which classifies the local structure in this rotation set for structurally stable flows on M . In particular, it is shown that for g > 1 there exist at most 4 g − 2 linearly independent directions in the rotation set, and that there exist continuous flows for which this upper bound on the number of directions is attained.
Wide-field imaging spectroscopy using aberration-corrected holography

The most powerful diagnostics of hot gas in the universe are well understood, but there are few instruments capable of making measurements at the wavelengths of the most important lines (103 nm, 123 nm, and 155 nm, the lithium-like series of O, N, and C). No complete survey has been done with moderate spatial resolution in emission even though virtually all measurements capable of detecting the presence of lithium-like oxygen do so. We present a type of imaging spectrograph that takes advantage of the large, well-corrected field of view from a three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) in conjunction with aberration-corrected holography applied to the tertiary. The combination of a TMA and aberration-corrected holography allows a large well-corrected field of view in diffracted light, potentially providing an excellent basis for an instrument capable of the first large scale survey from 100 nm to 150 nm.
Pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine regulate doxorubicin-induced NF-kappa B activity in leukemic cells

Clinical debate has arisen over the consequences of antioxidant supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. While antioxidants may impede the efficacy of chemotherapy by scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals, it is also possible that antioxidants alleviate unwanted chemotherapy-induced toxicity, thus allowing for increased chemotherapy doses. These contradictory assertions suggest that antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy treatment can have varied outcomes depending on the cellular context. To gain a more robust understanding of the role that antioxidants play in chemotherapy, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on the redox-mediated regulation of intracellular signaling. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effect of Dox-induced ROS on the NF-κB pathway in a pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line by measuring the thiol-based oxidative modifications of redox-sensitive proteins within the pathway. We report a functional consequence of NAC supplementation during doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy administration via the NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. The ability of NAC to alter Dox-induced NF-κB activity is contingent on the ROS-mediated S-glutathionylation of IKK-β. Moreover, the NAC-dependent alteration of intracellular glutathione redox balance, through pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms, can be exploited to either promote or inhibit Dox-induced NF-κB activity in an NAC-concentration-dependent manner. We developed an electron-transfer-based computational model that predicts the effect of NAC pretreatment on Dox-induced NF-κB signaling for a range of NAC and Dox treatment combinations.
A silicon photodevice to operate in a photon flux integrated mode

An integrated structure which uses the nearly ideal switch characteristics of an insulated gate field effect transistor to sample a pn photodiode will be described. This structure permits operation of the pn photodiode in a photon flux integration mode. This mode of operation is based on the fact that if a pn junction is charged to a reverse voltage less than its breakdown voltage and then open circuited, the rate of decay of charge stored on the space charge capacitance with zero incident illumination is independent of junction area and can have a time constant in the order of tenths of a second. Under illumination this rate of decay of charge depends linearly on the intensity of the incident illumination. That is, the charge removed at any instant of time is proportional to the time integral of illumination. The insulated gate field effect transistor provides a high conductance when in the ON condition to charge the space charge capacitance and a very low conductance during the integration time. This structure lends itself very nicely to monolithic integration of linear arrays where individual photodetectors are sampled periodically on a time-shared basis. Such arrays may be sampled in any order providing the possibility of spatially preprocess information. This device provides not only better sensitivity but also improved S/N ratio over other electronic imaging devices. Several advantages offered by this device are: (1) linear dependence of signal on light intensity over several orders of magnitude; (2) electronically controllable sensitivity; (3) ease of integration into arrays for image sensing.
The effect of processing on plastic anisotropy of Ti-6Al-4V

The plastic anisotropy of Ti-6Al-4 V was examined after various thermomechanical treatments, including heat treating, rolling, and forging. Processing temperatures were varied from room temperature to 1340 K. The anisotropy, in terms of the strain ratioR, was measured by post-yield strain gages in the three principal directions, and results were correlated with the (0002) pole figures for each thermomechanical treatment. The plastic strain anisotropy, which was consistent with the basal pole orientation, was found to depend upon both the method and the temperature of mechanical working. The greatestR values occurred for the cold-rolled material where the basal poles rotate to within 15 deg from the sheet normal. In addition,R is not constant under uniaxial tension, but generally increases with the amount of plastic strain. The variation ofR with uniaxial strain depends upon the forming temperature, and the largest changes occur in samples that were rolled at room temperatures.
Unusual Presentation of a Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Mimicking a Pontomesencephalic Cavernous Hemangioma

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that usually occurs in children and young adults and is characterized by intractable seizures that are refractory to medication. Since its description and inclusion in the World Health Organization classification of brain tumors, an increasing number of cases have been reported. The tumor is preferentially, but not exclusively, located in the supratentorial cortex. Rare cases of other locations have been reported. We describe the clinical, imaging and pathologic features of a case of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor arising in the pons of a 26-year-old woman, an unusual extracortical location, mimicking a cavernous hemangioma. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc718w
Recursive Bayesian Method for Estimating States of Nonlinear System from Sequential Indirect Observations

Recursive Bayesian equations are given for estimating the states of a system, given the sequence of inputs, outputs, and the probabilistic interdependences from one time to the next. Equations are derived for the case of a nonlinear system with normal error densities and linear deviations for small errors. These equations reduce to the Kalman filter for the strictly linear case. When the equations are applied to a specific nonlinear system, i.e., a transversal sampled data filter with unknown weighting states, a perceptron or Adaline type algorithm results for estimating the weights.
Information Technology and Changing Supply Chain Behavior: Discussion

industrialization and the vertical integration of the agrifood supply chain. While imperfect information and transaction costs are often cited as key incentives for vertical coordination of a supply chain, the role of information technology has largely been ignored. Undoubtedly, as the capabilities of electronic commerce improve, the agrifood supply chain will undergo further dramatic structural change. Most intriguing, the direction of structural change may reverse from closely aligned hierarchal relationships to a greater market orientation (Steinfield, Kraut, and Plummer). The primary reason is that Internet-based electronic commerce and electronic logistics have the potential to provide a competitive alternative to more formal supply chain relationships, such as tying agreements, contractual coordination, and vertical integration. The fast-paced advancements in information technology capabilities, the rise of the Internet, and the emergence of business-to-business (B2B) commerce makes this a highly fertile area for research in imperfect information and organizational structure. The papers by Kinsey and Salin directly address the status of information technology and its implications for supply chain management. Ward attempts to find evidence of structural changes to the supply chain (albeit not directly attributable to information technologies) by focusing on vertically related prices. Kinsey focuses her paper on an overview of electronic commerce systems and their effect on the manufacture-distributionwholesale-retail segment of the supply chain. Kinsey begins with an assessment of why electronic data interchange (EDI) systems mostly underperformed expectations. She also provides useful insights on how EDI al ered strategic investment in the supply chain. Beyond this historical perspective, Kinsey raises several key market issues related to the adoption of electronic information systems. This includes a discussion of the positive network externalities of information systems, the role of standardization in improving market efficiency, and lowering bar iers to entry and the potential uses of standardized information for cooperative planning, forecasting, and replenishment in the supply chain. The Internet provides a common platform with interconnectedness as an inherent feature. This makes obsolete
Nonparametric Bayesian Estimation of Survival Curves from Incomplete Observations

Abstract This article presents a nonparametric Bayesian estimator of a survival curve based on incomplete or arbitrarily right-censored data. This estimator, a Bayes estimator under a squared-error loss function assuming a Dirichlet process prior, is shown to be a Bayesian extension of the usual product limit (Kaplan-Meier) nonparametric estimator.
Planar domination graphs

A graph G is a domination graph if each induced subgraph of G has a pair of vertices such that the open neighborhood of one is contained in the closed neighborhood of the other in the subgraph. No polynomial time algorithm or hardness result is known for the problem of deciding whether a graph is a domination graph. In this paper, it is shown that the class of planar domination graphs is equivalent to the class of planar weakly chordal graphs, and thus, can be recognized in polynomial time.
Optimizing Process-to-Core Mappings for Application Level Multi-dimensional MPI Communications

Multi-dimensional MPI communications, where MPI communications have to be performed in each dimension of a Cartesian communicator, have been frequently used in many of today's high performance computing applications. While individual MPI collective communications for regular communicators with a one-dimensional linear-ranking of processes have been extensively studied and optimized, little optimizations have been performed for multi-dimensional MPI collective communications on multi-dimensional Cartesian topology. In this paper, we optimize multi-dimensional MPI collective communications for SMP and multi-core systems at the application level. We show that the default Cartesian topology built by the state-of-the-art MPI implementations produce sub-optimal performance for multi-dimensional MPI collective communications. We design optimal process-to-core mapping schemes for Cartesian communicators to minimize the total inter-node communications. The proposed technique improves the performance by up to 80% over the default Cartesian topology built by Cray's MPI implementation MPT 3.1.02 on the world's current second fastest supercomputer Jaguar at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The senile mind: psychology and old age in the 1930s and 1940s.

In the 1930s, some psychologists began to study and discuss the normal and pathological mental abilities of old age. This paper explores this research and its implications for an emerging definition of old age in the 1930s and 1940s. The argument is that these psychologists explained old age in terms of tests they had performed on children and young adults. In addition, these professionals projected their culturally bound assumptions onto their study of old age. In the process, psychologists helped to define old age as a problem that required a professional solution.
Daily monitoring of gonadal glucuronides in urine for studies of menstrually-related changes

Recently there has been growing evidence on the involvement of gonadal hormones and their changes, in the pathophysiology of menstrually related mood changes. For monitoring daily fluctuation in levels of these hormones, plasma single-point determination is probably not representative due to the episodic nature of secretion and 24-h urine collections are too cumbersome for long monitoring periods. Determinations of urinary gonadal glucuronides in a first morning void might overcome both these drawbacks. We compared urinary first morning void estrogen glucuronides and pregnanediol glucuronide, to their homologues in plasma, estradiol and progesterone, during the entire menstrual cycle as well as during shorter periods of greater fluctuation in order to determine applicability of this method. Correlation between plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone and first morning urine levels of estrone glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide was highly significant for the whole menstrual cycle. The correlation b...
Response of the kidney to furosemide. II. Effect of captopril on sodium balance.

We investigated the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system during furosemide (F) administration. The effects of adding captopril (C) (25 mg . 6 hr-1) to F (40 mg daily for 3 days) were studied in six normal subjects equilibrated to a daily sodium (Na) intake of 270 mmoles. Without C, F produced a marked natriuresis but Na+ excretion fell sharply between drug doses. This resulted in neutral Na balance (+22 +/- 58 mmoles . 3 days-1; mean +/- SE). Plasma angiotensin (AII) and aldosterone (Aldo) rose, but mean blood pressure (MBP) was unaltered. C abolished the F-induced increases in AII and Aldo but did not modify the pattern of Na+ excretion. Na+ balance remained neutral (+42 +/- 54 mmoles . 3 days-1). With C alone, Na+ balance was positive (+110 +/- 30 mmoles . 3 days-1; P less than 0.02). In protocols C alone and F + C, MBP fell by a comparable amount. F alone and F + C increased plasma norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 metabolite; these did not change with C alone. In conclusion, activation of the RAA system by F is not essential for the compensatory increase in Na+ reabsorption that maintains Na+ balance after F.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An analysis of the effects of functional communication and a Voice Output Communication Aid for a child with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Functional Communication Training (FCT) and a Voice Output Communication Aid (VOCA) on the challenging behavior and language development of a 4-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder. The participant's mother implemented modified functional analysis (FA) and intervention procedures in Kerri's home. A multiple probe design across activities was used to analyze intervention effectiveness. FCT with a VOCA successfully decreased Kerri's challenging behavior and increased VOCA use. A secondary analysis revealed that Kerri increased her use of correct pronouns. Kerri's mother implemented modified FA and intervention procedures with a high level of fidelity. Social validity data indicated that Kerri's mother believed the intervention to be acceptable and effective.
Culture of Adult Human Skin:in vitro Growth and Keratinization of Epidermal Cells

ADULT human skin has been successfully cultured by several methods, but progress has been slow because the cells in the outgrowth have never been satisfactorily identified. Light microscopy has shown that fibroblasts grown on glass surfaces may assume a pavement-like appearance and mimic the growth pattern of epithelial cells1. To avoid this, several investigators have attempted to eliminate fibroblasts from growing cultures1–4. In none of these experiments was it conclusively shown that growing cells are epithelial and undergo keratinization, although these assumptions appear to be valid.
Abstract 427: Sox2 modulation of cancer stem cell behavior in GBM

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background and Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. GBM cells are phenotypically plastic and can present cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, such as the ability to self-renew and differentiate into the cells comprising the bulk of the tumor, phenocopying the parental tumor in mouse xenografts. GBM CSCs express neural stem cell (NSC) markers, including Sox2, a HMG-box transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with self-renewal and differentiation. Culturing dissociated GBM tumors in serum-containing medium typically results in loss of the CSC phenotype and downregulation of Sox2, while serum-free neurosphere medium (NM) is used for selection and propagation of CSCs. We have previously identified a GBM specimen (GS1) which, contrary to the norm, retained Sox2 expression in low passage serum culture, along with the ability to dedifferentiate into neurospheres in vitro, and to form tumors in rodents (deCarvalho et al., Stem Cells 2010, 28:181-190). Here we investigate the endogenous expression of Sox2 in GBM biopsies, xenograft tumors, and cultured cells, and test the hypothesis that Sox2 may be a driver of the cancer stem cell phenotype in GBMs. Experimental Approaches: Endogenous expression of Sox2, downstream targets, and cell lineage markers, was determined by immunohistochemistry. miRNAs targeting Sox2 were stably expressed in GBM cells. The effect of Sox2 knockdown on clonogenicity, global gene expression, proliferation in vitro, tumor formation and morphology was determined. Results: Sox2 expression was heterogeneous within and among the 26 GBM surgical specimens tested, ranging from 1% to over 80% positive nuclei. Robust Sox2 expression was observed in over 80% of 56 GBM orthotopic xenografts analyzed. Sox2 positive cells co-expressed mesenchymal (vimentin), neural (nestin), and astrocytic (GFAP) markers. Knocking down Sox2 expression significantly impaired the ability of GS1 cells to form neurospheres, without affecting cell proliferation, significantly altered the expression of known target genes, such as Nestin, and genes in various signaling pathways, and affected xenograft tumor formation. Sox2 protein levels in GBMs were further regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Conclusions: Sox2 is part of the signature gene set for the proneural GBM subclass. Our results show that Sox2 protein expression is ubiquitous in GBM tumors and xenografts, independent of patient survival or treatment status. Sox2 is a master regulator of embryonic and neural stem cell phenotype, and our data contributes to the view that it may have an important role in the plasticity of GBM cells in acquiring CSC phenotype, with possible implications for the pathology of GBMs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 427. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-427
Calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in rat liver: Identification of two proteases with different calcium requirements

Abstract Soluble extracts from rat liver cytoplasm contained substantial endoprotease activity which was totally dependent on calcium ions. This activity was accounted for by two distinct proteases which were separated by anion-exchange chromatography. One protease was half maximally activated by 7 μ m calcium while the other protease required 150 μ m calcium for half-maximal activation.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Turning the Switch

The regulation of many targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to occur through a transcriptional switch that is achieved by β-catenin binding to TCF transcription factors. Recent work indicates that β-catenin's intrinsic affinity for TCF is not sufficient for the switch to occur.
The lupus autoantigens and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Thus, the nucleosome, the U1 snRNP, and the Ro scRNP appear to elicit hierarchies of antibodies in patients with SLE, just as any complex foreign protein might do when injected into an experimental animal. There must be a permissive factor in operation that allows these normally weak antigens (the great paradox of SLE!) to escape tolerance mechanisms. That factor could be an exogenous agent, such as a chemical that structurally alters selected macromolecules. Such a mechanism seems likely in patients with drug-induced lupus in whom autoimmune responses are focused against the same histone epitopes that are recognized by sera from patients with spontaneous SLE. Alternatively, foreign substances may elicit cross-reactive antibodies that recognize "self" determinants, or endogenous metabolic disturbances might enhance exposure of selected macromolecules to the immune system. In any case, it now seems clear that the result in SLE patients is autoimmunity with a repetitive focus. Future research should concentrate on the 3 particles described here in order to identify common denominators that set them apart from other cellular elements and which predispose them to a role as autoantigens, to determine the extent to which these particles make contact with the immune system, and to learn how structural, humoral, or metabolic alterations might predispose individuals to respond to them immunologically.