cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Genetic Structure and Chromosomal Location of the Murine MyD118 (GADD45β) Gene

The MyD118 (Gadd45β) protein is a member of a family of structurally related proteins, including Gadd45 (Gadd45α) and CR6 (Gadd45γ), that have critical roles in regulating growth arrest and apoptosis. The MyD118 and other members of its family display distinct patterns of expression in response to stimuli that induce differentiation, growth arrest, or apoptosis. Species-blot analysis showed that MyD118 is an evolutionarily conserved gene, and comparative sequence analysis showed that MyD118 has a gene structure similar to that of other members of its gene family. Comparison of putative transcription factor-binding sites found in sequences of this gene family provides evidence that p53 is involved in regulating the expression of MyD118 and that NF-κB may play a role in differential expression of MyD118 and Gadd45(Gadd45α). Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the MyD118 gene to mouse chromosome band 10B5.3, correcting a previous assignment to mouse chromosome 9.
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION DURING CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MULTIDISCIPLINARY ROUNDS THROUGH VISUAL DISPLAY OF PATIENT DAILY GOALS

Background The care of critically ill children in intensive care units (ICU) has become increasingly complex. Utilization of multidisciplinary care teams leads to reduction in mortality and length of stay, prevention of adverse events, and improvement in quality of care. However, as the number of care providers grows and patient demand increases, coordination of multidisciplinary care becomes more complicated. Objectives To improve communication during cardiac ICU multidisciplinary rounds. Methods Quality improvement methodology was utilized to evaluate implementation of a daily patient goal write-down/read-back process. The Rounds Effectiveness Assessment and Communication Tool (REACT) was developed, based on the previously validated Patient Knowledge Assessment Tool (PKAT), to evaluate comprehension of patient daily goals during multiple PDSAs (Plan, Do, Study, Act). Rounds were assessed for each patient by the bedside nurse, nurse practitioner or fellow, and attending physician, and answers were compared to determine percent agreement per day. Results Baseline percent agreement for patient goals was 62%. After intervention, percent agreement improved to 85%. Family satisfaction with rounds was assessed using a 1–6 Likert scale and improved from a mean of 4.6 to 5.7. Parent selection of the best possible score for each question was 19% at baseline and 75% after the intervention. Conclusions Visual display of patient daily goals via a write-down/read-back process improves comprehension of goals by all team members and improves parent satisfaction. The daily goals whiteboard facilitates consistent development of a comprehensive plan of care for each patient, fosters goal-directed care, and provides a checklist for providers and parents to review throughout the day[⇓][1][⇓][2][⇓][3][⇓][4][⇓][5][⇓][6][⇓][7]. ![Figure 1][8] Figure 1 Rounds Effectiveness Assessment and Collaboration Tool. ![Figure 2][8] Figure 2 Parent Satisfaction Survey. ![Figure 3][8] Figure 3 REACT Results-Percent Matching Responses Per Day. ![Figure 4][8] Figure 4 ![Figure 5][8] Figure 5 ![Figure 6][8] Figure 6 Family Survey Results-Family survey results improved for every question, and the overall mean score improved from 4.6 to 5.7 out of 6. View this table: Table 1 Summary of PDSAs. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: #F3 [4]: #F4 [5]: #F5 [6]: #F6 [7]: #T1 [8]: pending:yes
Curiosity and the Development of Question Generation Skills

The current study investigates the relationship between children’s curiosity and question asking ability. Generation of two types of questions was assessed: identification (yes/no questions asked to identify a target from an array) and understanding questions, asked to learn more about a topic. The latter was related to children’s curiosity, as was the ability to recognize the effectiveness of questions in solving a mystery. Training on asking identification questions was effective in improving children’s ability to ask that type of question, but did not transfer to the other task. Training on asking understanding questions was not successful. Children’s curiosity did not influence the effectiveness of the training.
Securitization Initiatives in the Sahara-Sahel Region in the Twenty-first Century

ABSTRACTThe Sahara-Sahel region of northwest Africa has become a hotbed of terrorism. With regional countries unable to control their Saharan reaches, other actors have stepped in. This article examines recent securitization initiatives by the United States and France. U.S. efforts concentrated on training national security forces, while France’s are largely combat operations. U.S. training failed to prevent Mali from being overrun by terrorists. France’s combat operations have scattered but not eliminated the Islamists. These securitization initiatives have not worked, I argue, because they do not address the root causes of terrorism, which are not military but social and economic.
An Additional Step Toward Personalization of Surgical Care for Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Our understanding of early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer has evolved dramatically in the past 15 years, especially with regard to adenocarcinomas. These are no longer viewed as a homogeneous group of tumors for which prognosis is predicted primarily by size and nodal involvement. These are now recognized as a heterogeneous group of tumors with indolent and quite aggressive subtypes, with pathologic and radiologic correlates that define subsets. This evolution in our understanding began with improvements in cross-sectional imaging technology, which allowed for visualization of part-solid and ground-glass nodules (GGN). Our knowledge advanced with more widespread use of cross-sectional imaging and screening of asymptomatic patients. The histologic classification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society 1 further solidified and organized our understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of adenocarcinomas of the lung. This was a tremendous collaborative effort by the Who’s Who of lung cancer experts throughout the world, and it forever changes how we view pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Within this work, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimallyinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) describe small (, 3 cm), solitary adenocarcinomas consisting of purely lipid growth without invasion or with an invasion of, 0.5 cm. These represent a distinct group of adenocarcinomas because numerous trials have demonstrated a complete absence of nodal involvement and 100% disease-specific survival following resection. The ability to recognize and describe these lesions with low
NEW LATE CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN AND MAASTRICHTIAN) MARINE GASTROPODS FROM CALIFORNIA

Abstract Three new genera and six new species of shallow-marine gastropods are named from Upper Cretaceous strata found mainly in California. The trochids Cidarina cretacea new species and Cidarina beta new species, the ficid Bulbificopsis garza new genus and new species, and the cancellariid Mataxa arida new species are from the Maastrichtian part of the Moreno Formation of north-central California. This is the earliest record of Cidarina, whose previous chronologic range was middle Eocene to Recent. Bulbificopsis is the first record of a Cretaceous ficid from the Pacific slope of North America, and Mataxa was previously known only from Upper Cretaceous strata in the southeastern United States and northeastern Brazil. The buccinid Eripachya jalama new species and the fasciolariid Calkota daileyi new genus and new species are from the lower upper Campanian Jalama Formation in southern California. Calkota is also recognized herein as occurring in upper Maastrichtian strata of North Dakota and South Dakota....
How Students’ Expectations Shape Their Quest for Purpose During College

This article presents the findings of a 75-participant phenomenological study that examined the relationship between students’ expectations of their university experience and their perception of purpose development. A clear dichotomy emerged between those who had a “holistic” mindset and understood their university as a place to develop a larger purpose and those who had an “instrumental” mindset and viewed their university solely as a place to develop skills to enhance a future career.
High critical current density YBa2Cu3O7–δ coatings on LaMnO3-buffered biaxially textured Cu tapes for coated conductor applications

High critical current density (high-J c ) YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - Φ (YBCO) films were obtained by pulsed laser ablation on biaxially textured Cu substrates. To achieve epitaxy of LaMnO 3 (LMO) on Cu, thin epitaxial Ni overlayers were deposited on Cu tapes. The structure comprises the layer sequence of YBCO/LMO/Ni/Cu. For 200-nm-thick YBCO, self-field J c values exceeding 1 x 10 6 A/cm 2 at 77 K were achieved. Characterization of these short prototype conductors revealed good structural and morphological properties. Magnetic analysis suggested that hysteretic loss due to the ferromagnetic Ni overlayer is minimal.
Frequency of Occurrence of Salmonella Species

The following is a report on the frequency of occurrence of Salmonella types observed at the New York Salmonella Center during the first 20 months of its existence, from April 1, 1939, to December 1, 1940. Material.-A complete type culture collection and a set of diagnostic serums were received from Dr. Kauffmann of the International Salmonella Center at the State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.1 Additional serums, absorbed "single factor" serums and antigens were prepared. There were obtained from patients of Beth Israel Hospital or submitted from other laboratories for identification 876 cultures. Of these 280 belonged to the Salmonella group, covering 261 human infections in North America. Two cultures of human origin came from abroad, 12 from animals, 1 from foodstuff. There were 3 patients with multiple infections from whom 7 strains were isolated. Technic.-The serological Salmonella types were identified according to the International or Kauffmann-White schema.2 Ordinarily slide agglutinations were sufficient for diagnosis. O serums were used in dilutions 1:5 or 1:10 according to their titer (1:320 or 1:640), H serums with titers 1:1600 and higher were used in dilutions of 1:50 or 1:100. If only one phase of the H antigen was demonstrable, single colonies were produc d on thick-layered, moist agar plates. Tests were made for the presence of Vi antigen, because it would explain lack of O agglutination. Autoagglutinable or O inagglutinable cultures were subcultured in broth containing active guinea pig serum to suppress the rough phase. Nonmotile strains often became motile after they were cultured in broth at room temperature for several days. Occurrence of the different types in man in North America.-In the following report the distribution of types derived mainly from human infections in the United States and Canada, is compared with the findings of Edwards,3 among North American animals, and of Hormaeche4 among children in South America. Group A.-This group is represented by only one type: S. paratyphi A. It occurs rather rarely in the Western hemisphere and was encountered neither by Edwards nor by Hormaeche. We received one strain which exhibited both somatic antigens I and II. Group B.-Up to the present many of the 22 types which form group B were found only in animals. We diagnosed the following 5 types: S. paratyphi B, S. typhi murium (other names: B. aertrycke, B. pestis caviae, B. paratyphi B type Breslau), S. chester, S. derby and S. abortus equi. All these types were isolated from man; S. typhi murium was also isolated from puppies, mice and parrakeets. Of these types, S. paratyphi B and S. chester were not represented in Edwards' material, while he observed in Received for publication, January 16, 1941. Aided by a grant from the Committee on Scientific Research of the American Medical As-
Testing for Plant-parasitic Nematodes that Feed on Corn in Iowa 2000-2010

Abstract The Iowa State University Plant and Insect Diagnostic Clinic analyzes soil and root samples for plant-parasitic nematodes. The results of samples associated with corn that were submitted f...
The relationship between the IgG antibody to A (B) titer of type O gravidas and hemolytic disease of the newborn

Objective:To investigate the distribution of type O gravidas(spouses of non-O) pre-IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer and its relationship with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN) in Ningbo.Methods: Detect the type O gravidas IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer by micro-clumn gel test,and detect three tests by the neonatal HDN trial,the direct antiglobulin test,free test,antibody-released test.Results: 7079 cases of type O gravidas IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer was positively skewed distribution.There were 2848 pregant women IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer≥1∶128(60.0%),in which O-A O-B and O-AB group were 62.7% 50.2% 74.9% respectively,and there were significantly difference among three group(P0.01).With the maternal serum IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer increase gradually,the ABO HDN incidence rate increase gradually.There were significantly difference among the HDN distribution in different lever of antibody titers(P0.01).Conclusion: The type O gravidas IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer was positively skewed distribution.The incidence rate of ABO HDN and IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer were positively correlated.When the IgG anti-A(B)antibody titer ≥1∶128 ABO HDN incidence rate were significantly higher.
Clinical study of the influence of BDP on the growth and development, bone metabolism and thyroid function in children with asthma

Objective To assess the clinical effects of long-term inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) in treatmnet of children with asthma on child growth and development, bone transfer indexes and pituitary thyroid axis. Methods 80 children with asthma (observation group) were treated with long-term inhalation of BDP, and their body height and weight were determined as well as their serum Ca 2+ , P 3+ , AKP, BGP, T 3, T 4 and TSH levels before treatment and 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after the treatment, respectively. 80 normal children were selected as control group. Results There were no statistically significant differences in comparison to the growth velocity between the two groups(P0.05), and there were also no differences in Ca 2+ , P 3+ and AKP levels in the observation group before and after treatment (all P0.05), but BGP decreased significantly (all P0.01), Before treatment, T 3 and T 4 decreased significantly (all P0.01), especially in severe asthma (P0.01). Conclusion BDP is effective in treatment of children with asthma. Long-term inhalation of BDP in recommended standard dosage dose not affect the child growth and development and metabolism, but will cause the decrease of BGP.
A Study of Marxism's Distribution According to Labor

Marx's labor value theory is not only the foundation of surplus value theory, but also the start point of the conceiving socialism distribution according to labor. In essence, the theory constitutes three aspects, including distribution according to labor, equal labor equal reward, and merit base. In the market socialist economy, the essence was endowed with new characteristic and form.
Swallowing and pharyngeal function in postoperative pharyngeal cancer patients.

Abstract This study examines the pharyngeal phase of swallowing after the resection of pharyngeal cancer, and focuses on the pharynx as a functional organ. The purpose of the study was to obtain information on both reconstruction and rehabilitation in cases of surgically treated pharyngeal cancer. The records of 21 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 1990 and 1993 were reviewed. Functional results following surgery were graded on a numerical scale in three categories: pharyngeal swallow, laryngeal and lower airway protection, and oral alimentation. Three treatment groups were observed: group 1 = transoral excision with primary closure (six patients); group 2 = composite resection with primary closure (nine patients); and group 3 = composite resection with deltopectoral or pectoralis major flap closure (six patients). Comparison of pharyngeal swallow and laryngeal protection functions showed no significant difference between the three groups. However, oral alimentation performance in group 1 was significantly better than in group 3, and groups 1 and 2 achieved a similar level. In patients with T3 and T4 tumors postoperative function was poor and no difference in postoperative function was demonstrated between patients undergoing reconstruction with primary closure and patients undergoing reconstruction with deltopectoral or pectoralis major flaps. Patients with T3 and T4 tumors experienced impaired postoperative function regardless of the method of reconstruction used. This is not a condemnation of the surgical treatment of advanced pharyngeal tumors, but rather a suggestion that other reconstruction techniques be considered.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Deep-Cavity Cavitands

An efficient, four-step synthesis of a range of water-soluble, deep-cavity cavitands is presented. Key to this approach are octahalide derivatives (4, X = Cl or Br) that allow a range of water-solubilizing groups to be added to the outer surface of the core host structure. In many cases, the conversion of the starting dodecol (1) resorcinarene to the different cavitands avoids any chromatographic procedures.
Kin selection and the evolution of plant reproductive traits

Competition among developing seeds and sibling rivalry within multiovulated ovaries can be deleterious for both the maternal parent and the siblings. Increased genetic relatedness of seeds within the ovary may foster kin selection and reduce the deleterious consequences of sibling competition. The pollen parent may also be selected for siring all progeny within a fruit. I propose a series of hypotheses to explain the evolution of a number of reproductive traits in angiosperms in the context of kin selection and sibling rivalry within the ovaries of angiosperms. I present evidence to show that a single-pollen parent, indeed, often sires seeds within multiovulated ovaries. Various types of pollen aggregations and transfer of such pollen masses to the stigmas of flowers by specialized pollinators make this increased genetic relatedness possible. An alternative mode to reduce sibling rivalry may be the reduction of ovule number to one, an evolutionary trend that has independently occurred many times in flowering plants. Finally, I build on previously established correlations to predict two sets of correlations among reproductive traits. In the first case, large showy flowers, transfer of pollen en masse by specialized pollinators, and multiovulated ovaries and multisided fruits seem to be correlated. In the second case, the previously established correlations among small and inconspicuous flowers, pollination by wind, water or generalist insects, flowers and fruits with few or single ovules and seeds, respectively, may also include monoecy or dioecy. Although correlations among many of these traits have been established in the past, I invoke kin selection and sibling competition to explain the evolution of correlated traits as two distinct evolutionary pathways in angiosperms.
Evaluation of in silico tools to predict the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.

Public domain and commercial in silico tools were compared for their performance in predicting the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. The packages were either statistical based (Vega, CASE ...
Curriculum development, lesson planning, and delivery: A guide to Native language immersion

AbstractIn 2016, Dr. Martin Reinhardt and Dr. Jioanna Carjuzaa produced a series of three webinars concerning Indigenous language immersion programs. The first webinar focused on broad curriculum development ideas including core relationships, guidelines and principles for effective pedagogy, and models. The second webinar focused on the elements of lesson planning. The third and last webinar focused on assessments and the use of rubrics aligned with Indigenous language standards. The content of the webinars has been transposed into the following chapter with certain modifications.
Hydrogel/silicone rubber composite materials: fabrication, compatibility, and ex vivo blood responses

Hydrogel formulations of 10-20% HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), 0-3% EGDM (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and 0-15% NVP (n-vinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared to coat silicone rubber sheets and polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) velour substrates by chemical and radiation polymerization methods. The rabbit paravertebral muscle implantation test was used to evaluate the tissue response to the hydrogel composite materials. Each fabricated sample was implanted in ten separate rabbits. The samples and surrounding muscle tissue were examined histopathologically at ten days, one month, and three months. Ths samples were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and trichrome stains. Samples were observed by LM (light microscope) and SEM (scanning electron microscope) techniques both prior to implantation and after removal from the muscle site. All the materials tested showed no cytotoxic activity. The silicone rubber composite materials were all surrounded by a thin, encapsulating, collagenous layer in a range of 10 to 30 The polyethylene terephtha­ late composite materials showed a considerable amount of tissue ingrowth up to 700 vm. This ingrowth was probably due to the filamentous nature of the polyethylene terephthalate velour and the hydrogel's relative porosity of 20-50 micrometers filling the interstices. The PHEMA bulk polymer exhibited a small amount of tissue ingrowth. SEM microstructural details (e.g., the relationship of tissue penetra­ tion to the interconnecting pores of the hydrogel) indicate that a variety of microstructural features can be correlated to the fabrication variables
From on High: Imams, Religious Networks, and Pro-Regime Mobilization

What role do religious networks have in solidifying regime legitimacy? Most studies consider the revolutionary role of religious Islam, where religion is used as a tool to challenge the state authorities. In contrast, the state-supporting role of religious networks is less understood. During the night of the 2016 coup in Turkey, Erdogan's ruling party directed imams to project certain messages from minarets that varied in their content from purely religious prayers, to distinctly secular national anthems, to direct orders to the populace. Using data on the content and timing of these messages, as well as Twitter responses and mosque networks, we find that these messages inspired individual pro-regime action, social mobilisation, and social media rhetoric. This messages from mosques were more effective than traditional information sources, even in traditionally secular areas. Even the purely religious messages encouraged pro-state rhetoric on social media, highlighting perceptions of religion's role in legitimising Erdogan's government. Overall, these results suggest that religion can play an important role in legitimising the state and solidifying it against potential challengers.
Selective base excision repair of DNA damage by the non-base-flipping DNA glycosylase AlkC.

Abstract DNA glycosylases preserve genome integrity and define the specificity of the base excision repair pathway for discreet, detrimental modifications, and thus, the mechanisms by which glycosylases locate DNA damage are of particular interest. Bacterial AlkC and AlkD are specific for cationic alkylated nucleobases and have a distinctive HEAT‐like repeat (HLR) fold. AlkD uses a unique non‐base‐flipping mechanism that enables excision of bulky lesions more commonly associated with nucleotide excision repair. In contrast, AlkC has a much narrower specificity for small lesions, principally N3‐methyladenine (3mA). Here, we describe how AlkC selects for and excises 3mA using a non‐base‐flipping strategy distinct from that of AlkD. A crystal structure resembling a catalytic intermediate complex shows how AlkC uses unique HLR and immunoglobulin‐like domains to induce a sharp kink in the DNA, exposing the damaged nucleobase to active site residues that project into the DNA. This active site can accommodate and excise N3‐methylcytosine (3mC) and N1‐methyladenine (1mA), which are also repaired by AlkB‐catalyzed oxidative demethylation, providing a potential alternative mechanism for repair of these lesions in bacteria.
Dipyridamole enhances osteogenesis of three-dimensionally printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds in calvarial defects.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to test the osteogenic capacity of dipyridamole-loaded, three-dimensionally printed, bioactive ceramic (3DPBC) scaffolds using a translational, skeletally mature, large-animal calvarial defect model. Materials and methods Custom 3DPBC scaffolds designed to present lattice-based porosity only towards the dural surface were either coated with collagen (control) or coated with collagen and immersed in a 100 μM concentration dipyridamole (DIPY) solution. Sheep (n = 5) were subjected to 2 ipsilateral trephine-induced (11-mm diameter) calvarial defects. Either a control or a DIPY scaffold was placed in each defect, and the surgery was repeated on the contralateral side 3 weeks later. Following sacrifice, defects were evaluated through microcomputed tomography and histologic analysis for bone, scaffold, and soft tissue quantification throughout the defect. Parametric and non-parametric methods were used to determine statistical significance based on data distribution. Results No exuberant or ectopic bone formation was observed, and no histologic evidence of inflammation was noted within the defects. Osteogenesis was higher in DIPY-coated scaffolds compared to controls at 3 weeks (p = 0.013) and 6 weeks (p = 0.046) in vivo. When bone formation was evaluated as a function of defect radius, average bone formation was higher for DIPY relative to control scaffolds at both time points (significant at defect central regions at 3 weeks and at margins at 6 weeks, p = 0.046 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusion Dipyridamole significantly improves the calvarial bone regeneration capacity of 3DPBC scaffolds. The most significant difference in bone regeneration was observed centrally within the interface between the 3DPBC scaffold and the dura mater.
Scattering (S−) Parameters

S-parameters are another means for describing multi-port networks. The scattering matrix ties port reflected/transmitted waves to incident ones. The waves have units of square root of power and have direct relations to terminal voltages and current. Calculations of S-parameters amount to selectively terminating ports, exciting a single port and measuring reflected/transmitted waves across all ports. We illustrate this process on many examples, culminating in a T-branch RC network. Scattering parameters, like their Z- and Y -sisters, are generally frequency dependent and complex. They are viewed by plotting magnitude/phase or real/imaginary versus frequency. S-parameters were invented in the RF world to deal with high-frequency issues that are difficult to deal with using other parameters. They form a complete description of networks and can be used virtually anywhere; for example they are the tool of choice for modeling packages and printed circuit boards. Lastly we wrap the chapter by deriving a direct relation between the S- and Z-matrices. Since S-parameters are yet another form of transfer functions, they lend themselves nicely to all of our spectral and convolution techniques.
Anomalous Phonon Modes in Black Phosphorus Revealed by Resonant Raman Scattering.

Black phosphorus (BP), a layered material with puckered crystalline structure in each layer, has drawn intense interest due to its unique optical and electronic properties. In particular, the intricate Raman scattering effect in BP is intriguing and provides a platform for researchers to probe the physical properties of BP in depth. Here we report the first observation of anomalous modes with the frequency in the range of 100–900 cm–1 in BP due to the resonant Raman effect. The origin and assignment of the anomalous modes are discussed based on the excitation energy- and angle-dependent Raman measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) calculated electronic band structure is used to support our understanding. The newly observed phonon modes could serve as a unique probe for the fine electronic structures and the exciton–phonon couplings, which promote a better understanding of BP for potential nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications in the future.
THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THREE TIDAL BAYOUS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

Water and sediment quality in threetidal bayous located near Pensacola, Florida, wereassessed during 1993–1995. The primary objective wasto determine the environmental condition of therelatively small urban bayous by comparing thechemical quality of the sediments and surface waterwith published guidelines and criteria developed toprotect marine life. Surface water concentrations ofmost potential toxicants such as heavy metals,organochloride pesticides, PAHs and PCBs were usuallybelow method detection limits. The major exception tothis trend was for copper which consistently exceededFlorida and National acute and chronic water qualitycriteria. Nickel, cadmium and chromium intermittentlyexceeded these criteria. Sediment contamination wassite-specific and chemically diverse. Theconcentrations of as many as 17 compounds exceededproposed Florida sediment quality assessmentguidelines indicating the potential for adversebiological effects. Nutrient concentrations, with oneexception, were below average levels found in otherFlorida estuaries. Seasonal variation in contaminantconcentrations for sediment collected from the samesampling station was less than an order of magnitude. The differences in the concentrations of the sameanalytes as measured for the multiple samplingstations located within the same bayou varied 1 to 2orders of magnitude and over 2 orders of magnitude forthe 20 sampling stations located in the three bayous. A within-bayou sediment contaminant gradient wasevident; sediment quality generally improved seaward.
Analysis of Multivariate Nonstationary Time Series Using the Localized Fourier Library

Abstract Using the SLEX library as the primary tool, we develop a systematic, flexible, and computationally efficient procedure for analyzing multivariate nonstationary time series. The SLEX library is a collection of bases; each of which consists of localized Fourier waveforms. In the problem of signal representation and spectral estimation, one can select, from the set of bases in the SLEX library, the one that best represents the underlying process. Moreover, in discrimination and classification of nonstationary time series, one can select the basis that gives the maximal separation between classes of nonstationary time series. We illustrate the SLEX methods by analyzing multichannel EEGs recorded during an epileptic seizure and during a visual-motor experiment.
Long-Range Membrane Properties

Membrane properties must support resident protein activity. One measurable property is the ‘packing free volume’ that quantifies the required breathing space for enzyme activity. Several important membrane properties, including area/molecule, collapse point, ‘lipid condensation’, surface elasticity and molecular ‘squeeze out’, have been assessed with lipid monolayers using a Langmuir Trough. It was demonstrated that lipids vary in their lateral compressibility. Cholesterol and di-saturated phospholipids are poorly compressible while polyunsaturated phospholipids are highly compressible. The lateral pressure of a biological membrane is estimated to be ~30–35 mN/m. Freeze Fracture EM has supplied direct evidence that proteins indeed reside inside membranes, that without cytoskeleton involvement there is no long-range order, observed order is only a few tenths of a micron, and the membrane bilayer sea is very crowded. Membrane domains can be roughly divided into large, stable macrodomains (e.g. gap junctions, clathrin-coated pits, caveolae) and small unstable lipid microdomains (e.g. lipid rafts). Membrane properties are maintained by Homeoviscous Adaptation.
Engaging Fathers in the Care of Young Children with Autism

In recent years, there have been numerous parent training studies of children with autism that provide strong empirical support for these parent-mediated approaches. However, to date, most report findings from mothers, and fathers continue to be underrepresented. This is unfortunate in that fathers have been prominent figures throughout history. Furthermore, there is clinical and preliminary empirical evidence that informed and empowered fathers can significantly contribute to child development and the overall quality of life for all family members. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to discuss current literature about the unique role that fathers play in raising a child with autism, identify common paternal reactions to an autism diagnosis, describe how male learning styles may affect parent training approaches, discuss clinical implications related to father involvement, and identify areas for future research.
The association of calcium oxalate deposition in kidney allografts with graft and patient survival

Background Whether calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition in kidney allografts following transplantation (Tx) adversely affects patient outcomes is uncertain, as are its associated risk factors. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who had kidney allograft biopsies performed within 3 months of Tx at Brigham and Women's Hospital and examined the association of CaOx deposition with the composite outcome of death or graft failure within 5 years. Results Biopsies from 67 of 346 patients (19.4%) had CaOx deposition. In a multivariable logistic regression model, higher serum creatinine [odds ratio (OR) = 1.28 per mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.43], longer time on dialysis (OR = 1.11 per additional year, 95% CI 1.01-1.23) and diabetes (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.09-4.66) were found to be independently associated with CaOx deposition. CaOx deposition was strongly associated with delayed graft function (DGF; OR = 11.31, 95% CI 5.97-21.40), and with increased hazard of the composite outcome after adjusting for black recipient race, donor type, time on dialysis before Tx, diabetes and borderline or acute rejection (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.13-3.20). Conclusions CaOx deposition is common in allografts with poor function and portends worse outcomes up to 5 years after Tx. The extent to which CaOx deposition may contribute to versus result from DGF, however, cannot be determined based on our retrospective and observational data. Future studies should examine whether reducing plasma and urine oxalate prevents CaOx deposition in the newly transplanted kidney and whether this has an effect on clinical outcomes.
A systematic review of manual therapy techniques, dry cupping and dry needling in the reduction of myofascial pain and myofascial trigger points.

Abstract Introduction Myofascial pain with myofascial triggers are common musculoskeletal complaints. Popular treatments include manual therapy, dry needling, and dry cupping. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy of each treatment in the short-term relief of myofascial pain and myofascial trigger points. Methods Search engines included Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, and PubMed. Searches were performed for each modality using the keywords myofascial pain syndrome and myofascial trigger points. The inclusion criteria included English-language, peer-reviewed journals; a diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome or trigger points; manual therapy, dry needling, or dry cupping treatments; retrospective studies or prospective methodology; and inclusion of outcome measures. Results Eight studies on manual therapy, twenty-three studies on dry needling, and two studies on dry cupping met the inclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) was utilized to assess the quality of all articles. Discussion While there was a moderate number of randomized controlled trials supporting the use of manual therapy, the evidence for dry needling ranged from very low to moderate compared to control groups, sham interventions, or other treatments and there was a paucity of data on dry cupping. Limitations included unclear methodologies, high risk for bias, inadequate blinding, no control group, and small sample sizes. Conclusion While there is moderate evidence for manual therapy in myofascial pain treatment, the evidence for dry needling and cupping is not greater than placebo. Future studies should address the limitations of small sample sizes, unclear methodologies, poor blinding, and lack of control groups.
Can Mindfulness Meditation Improve Short-Term and Long-Term Academic Achievement in a Higher-Education Course?.

AbstractMindfulness meditation involves focusing one's attention on the present moment in a non-judgmental way. Several recently published investigations have demonstrated that a brief session of m...
Genomic characterization of lung tumors and metastatic (Met) sites in advanced (Adv) NSCLC.

2014Background: Molecular alterations (MA) found in brain (Br) mets of NSCLC pts can differ from primary and/or other met sites, which may explain why therapies targeting primary tumors are less ef...
The Politics of Memory: What Future for Transitional Justice?

This essay reviews the following works: Sexual Violence during War and Peace: Gender, Power, and Post-conflict Justice in Peru. By Jelke Boesten. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. ix + 231. $100.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137383440. Feminist and Human Rights Struggles in Peru: Decolonizing Transnational Justice. By Pascha Bueno-Hansen. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 222. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252081002. Necropolitics: Mass Graves and Exhumations in the Age of Human Rights. Edited by Francisco Ferrandiz and Antonius C. G. M. Robben. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. Pp. vii + 257. $59.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812247206. Reflections on Memory and Democracy. Edited by Merilee S. Grindle and Erin E. Goodman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 260. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780674088290. Mining Memory: Reimagining Self and Nation through Narratives of Childhood in Peru. By Mary Beth Tierney-Tello. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2017. Pp. 302. $90.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781611487732. Paper Cadavers: The Archives of Dictatorship in Guatemala. By Kirsten Weld. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2014. Pp. xvi + 335. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822356028.
A data-driven functionally robust approach for simultaneous pricing and order quantity decisions with unknown demand function

This research considers a retailer’s problem of optimally pricing a product and making order quantity decisions without knowing the function specifying price–demand relationship. We assume that the...
Design and Application of PCB-mounted SPDs for PV Inverters

This article analyzes the safety of the design and application of printed circuit board mounted (PCB-mounted) surge protective devices (SPD) used in the AC side and DC side of photovoltaic inverters (PV inverters). By combining the specific application environment of PV inverter systems, this article provides some points to be considered when designing and applying the PCB-mounted SPDs, for ensuring the application safety of PCB-mounted SPDs.
Mohs surgery for the treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma - a systematic review.

The role of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in the treatment of lentigo maligna (LM), and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) has been controversial. The use of frozen sections is commonly cited as a su...
Epilogue: Advice to an Energy Strategist

Strategy is a craft, and frameworks are its tools. Frameworks can be very powerful tools, aligning activities of entire global sectors to achieve an agreed-upon outcome. Yet they can also be abusive tools, used to hide, ignore, or conveniently overlook critical externalities that threaten the entire system. Leaders need to use their judgment and wisdom to know which framework to pick, to modify, and, if necessary, when to stop using a framework. Unfortunately, there is no prescribed way to tell the difference, only the art of knowing what to do based on years of experience. Leaders can hone their skills by applying these tools to various situations and becoming familiar with the outcomes. As energy strategists, which problem is worth solving for you?
The urban market of Açaí fruit ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and rural land use change: Ethnographic insights into the role of price and land tenure constraining agricultural choices in the Amazon estuary

This paper examines the recent development of the acai fruit economy in regional Amazonian urban markets (as a staple food) and more recently among national and international consumers (as a fashion food) and the consequences for agroforestry intensification by Caboclo communities in the Amazon estuary. The paper is based on long-term ethnographic research and field experiments; the acai fruit economy is discussed from agricultural, social, and economic perspectives; attention is given to its historical development, the structure of acai fruit production, its agents, the relationship among themselves and the urban market. Decadal price performance is presented for acai fruit and acai transportation costs and compared to major agropastoral products for the Eastern Amazon region. Dominant views about the ‘economic rationality’ of rural producers' decision-making are discussed. Acai fruit has performed as well as and in some cases surpassed most agro-pastoral products of the Northern region. Economic returns for producers reflect linkages between price signals from urban markets, harvesting decision, and land tenure condition of the producer. Urban markets for the fruit is expanding and bringing new participants to the acai fruit economy further conditioning the ability of rural producers to take advantage of external markets for forest products. Discussion of factors conditioning agricultural development and integration between urban and rural areas conclude the article.
System level response of braced frame structures under fire exposure scenarios

Abstract This paper examines the stability of a braced frame steel structure under realistic fire, loading and restraint scenarios. A set of numerical studies are conducted on a three-dimensional model of a 10-story steel frame building with perimeter V bracing using the finite element software, ABAQUS. The effect of critical parameters such as the location of fire, type of fire exposure and spread of fire from one compartment to another on the stability aspects, as well as fire performance of the structure at the system level is examined. A nonlinear dynamic explicit analysis is carried out to simulate the response beyond stages of a local member failure. At each time step, the calculated stresses, deflections, and axial forces are checked against the failure limit states under strength, deflection, and stability criterion. In addition, following an initial member failure, the progression of the load path towards collapse is monitored. Results from the analysis infer that the likelihood of progressive collapse and global failure time depends significantly on the location and type of fire exposure in a steel framed building. Results also show that the prescriptive fire rating for structural members, as per the current code provisions, may not be conservative under certain severe fire exposure scenarios.
Can Tumor Location on Pre-treatment MRI Predict Likelihood of Pseudo-Progression vs. Tumor Recurrence in Glioblastoma?-A Feasibility Study.

A significant challenge in Glioblastoma (GBM) management is identifying pseudo-progression (PsP), a benign radiation-induced effect, from tumor recurrence, on routine imaging following conventional treatment. Previous studies have linked tumor lobar presence and laterality to GBM outcomes, suggesting that disease etiology and progression in GBM may be impacted by tumor location. Hence, in this feasibility study, we seek to investigate the following question: Can tumor location on treatment-naive MRI provide early cues regarding likelihood of a patient developing pseudo-progression vs. tumor recurrence? In this study, 74 pre-treatment Glioblastoma MRI scans with PsP (33) and tumor recurrence (41) were analyzed. First, enhancing lesion on Gd-T1w MRI and peri-lesional hyperintensities on T2w/FLAIR were segmented by experts and then registered to a brain atlas. Using patients from the two phenotypes, we construct two atlases by quantifying frequency of occurrence of enhancing lesion and peri-lesion hyperintensities, by averaging voxel intensities across the population. Analysis of differential involvement was then performed to compute voxel-wise significant differences (p-value < 0.05) across the atlases. Statistically significant clusters were finally mapped to a structural atlas to provide anatomic localization of their location. Our results demonstrate that patients with tumor recurrence showed prominence of their initial tumor in the parietal lobe, while patients with PsP showed a multi-focal distribution of the initial tumor in the frontal and temporal lobes, insula, and putamen. These preliminary results suggest that lateralization of pre-treatment lesions toward certain anatomical areas of the brain may allow to provide early cues regarding assessing likelihood of occurrence of pseudo-progression from tumor recurrence on MRI scans.
Existence versus exploitation: the opacity of backdoors and backbones

Boolean formulas often have what are known as hidden structures. We study the complexity of whether such structures (of certain sizes) exist in a formula, the complexity of getting one’s hands on the structure’s information, and whether even when in hand the information can be efficiently exploited. In particular, backdoors and backbones of Boolean formulas are important hidden structural properties. A natural goal, already in part realized, is that solver algorithms seek better performance by exploiting these structures. However, the present paper is not intended to improve the performance of SAT solvers, but rather is a cautionary tale. The theme of this paper is that there is a potential chasm between the existence of such structures in the Boolean formula and being able to effectively exploit them. This does not mean that these structures are not useful to solvers. It does mean that one must be very careful not to assume that it is computationally easy to go from the existence of information to being able to get one’s hands on it and/or being able to exploit it. We construct backdoor- and backbone-based cases where, if $$\mathrm {P}\ne \mathrm {NP}$$ , such assumptions fail. For example, if $$\mathrm {P}\ne \mathrm {NP}$$ , then (a) there are easily recognizable families of Boolean formulas with strong backdoors that are easy to find, yet for which it is hard to determine whether the formulas are satisfiable, and (b) there are easily recognizable sets of Boolean formulas for which it is hard to determine whether they have a large backbone.