cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional memory requires a quite different value metaphor

The function of memory is to allow past experience to subserve present goal-oriented thought and action. The defining characteristic of goal-oriented approach/avoidance is value. Value lies beyond the reproductive conception of memory that is basic to both metaphors discussed in Koriat & Goldsmith's target article. Functional memory requires a quite different metaphor, for which a grounded theory is available.
Orthognathic Positioning System: Intraoperative System to Transfer Virtual Surgical Plan to Operating Field During Orthognathic Surgery

Purpose To introduce the concept and use of an occlusal-based "orthognathic positioning system" (OPS) to be used during orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods The OPS consists of intraoperative occlusal-based devices that transfer virtual surgical planning to the operating field for repositioning of the osteotomized dentoskeletal segments. The system uses detachable guides connected to an occlusal splint. An initial drilling guide is used to establish stable references or landmarks. These are drilled on the bone that will not be repositioned adjacent to the osteotomy line. After mobilization of the skeletal segment, a final positioning guide, referenced to the drilled landmarks, is used to transfer the skeletal segment according to the virtual surgical planning. The OPS is digitally designed using 3-dimensional computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology and manufactured with stereolithographic techniques. Conclusions Virtual surgical planning has improved the preoperative assessment and, in conjunction with the OPS, the execution of orthognathic surgery. The OPS has the possibility to eliminate the inaccuracies commonly associated with traditional orthognathic surgery planning and to simplify the execution by eliminating surgical steps such as intraoperative measuring, determining the condylar position, the use of bulky intermediate splints, and the use of intermaxillary wire fixation. The OPS attempts precise translation of the virtual plan to the operating field, bridging the gap between virtual and actual surgery.
The hazards of medicalizing variants of normal.

* Abbreviations: GERD — : gastroesophageal reflux disease Elsewhere in this issue of Pediatrics there appears an important article pointing to the hazards of using a disease label to describe a common, usually normal physiologic variant, regurgitation in small infants: “Influence of “GERD” Label on Parents’ Decision to Medicate Infants with Excessive Crying and Reflux” by Scherer et al.1 The authors’ concern is that acid-reducing medications are being overused and are rarely indicated. There are a few methodologic issues in their presentation, some of which they discuss, but their evidence is clear that use of the disease label “gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)” to diagnose any such regurgitation and crying makes parents more likely to favor the use of medication for the condition, even when there has been no confirmation by endoscopy, and even when the drug offered is acknowledged as being unlikely to be effective. This is compelling evidence that … Address correspondence to William B. Carey, MD, FAAP, Division of General Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399. E-mail: carey{at}email.chop.edu
Myoma vs. contraction in pregnancy: Differentiation with color Doppler imaging

During pregnancy, leiomyomas may cause complications such as spontaneous abortion, premature labor, and obstruction of labor. The conventional real-time ultrasound examination usually detects myomas adequately, but, in some cases, a local thickening of the uterine wall persists throughout the examination, interfering with the differentiation between myoma and contraction. In such cases, repeat scanning approximately 30 minutes later differentiates contractions, which usually resolve, from myomas. We examined 10 patients with B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. In the 5 patients with myoma, we observed splaying of the vessels around the mass, whereas in the 5 patients with contraction, there was no vessel displacement in the area of the local myometrial thickening. The use of color Doppler and observation of these findings may obviate a prolonged ultrasound examination in questionable cases.
High-performance floating point divide

In modern processors floating point divide operations often take 20 to 25 clock cycles, five times that of multiplication. Typically multiplicative algorithms with quadratic convergence are used for high-performance divide. A divide unit based on the multiplicative Newton-Raphson iteration is proposed. This divide unit utilizes the higher-order Newton-Raphson reciprocal approximation to compute the quotient fast, efficiently and with high throughput. The divide unit achieves fast execution by computing the square, cube and higher powers of the approximation directly and much faster than the traditional approach with serial multiplications. Additionally, the second, third and higher-order terms are computed simultaneously further reducing the divide latency. Significant hardware reductions have been identified that reduce the overall computation significantly and therefore, reduce the area required for implementation and the power consumed by the computation. The proposed hardware unit is designed to achieve the desired quotient precision in a single iteration allowing the unit to be fully pipelined for maximum throughput.
Promoting Self-Determination for Transition-Age Youth: Views of High School General and Special Educators

Recent developments in policy and practice have emphasized the importance of promoting self-determination and supporting access to the general curriculum for youth with disabilities. To understand how these trends align, we examined the efforts of 340 general and special educators to promote student self-determination in high school classrooms. Educators attached considerable importance to providing instruction in skills related to self-determination and reported addressing these skills with moderate to high frequency in their classrooms. Although opportunities for students with disabilities to learn skills that promote self-determination were reported to be available across the curriculum, there were some differences across teachers and curricular area. We discuss avenues for promoting student self-determination within the general curriculum, as well as offer recommendations for future research.
Parallel ant colony for nonlinear function optimization with graphics hardware acceleration

This paper presents a massively parallel Ant Colony Optimization — Pattern Search (ACO-PS) algorithm with graphics hardware acceleration on nonlinear function optimization problems. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) as a hardware platform for ACO-PS. GPU, the common graphics hardware found in modern personal computers, can be used for data-parallel computing in a desktop setting. In this research, the classical ACO is adapted in the data-parallel GPU computing platform featuring ‘Single Instruction — Multiple Thread’ (SIMT). The global optimal search of the ACO is enhanced by the classical local Pattern Search (PS) method. The hybrid ACO-PS method is implemented in a GPU+CPU hardware platform and compared to a similar implementation in a Central Processing Unit (CPU) platform. Computational results indicate that GPU-accelerated SIMT-ACO-PS method is orders of magnitude faster than the corresponding CPU implementation. The main contribution of this paper is the parallelization analysis and performance analysis of the hybrid ACO-PS with GPU acceleration.
Stability of Methylecgonidine and Ecgonidine in Sheep Plasma in Vitro

Background: Crack smokers are exposed to a pyrolysis product, methylecgonidine (MEG), which can be used as an analytical marker for crack smoking. Ecgonidine (EC), a hydrolytic product of MEG, has been identified in urine of crack smokers. MEG undergoes conversion to EC, complicating analysis and perhaps explaining a lack of forensic blood specimens containing MEG. Methods: We developed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assays for MEG and EC. Plasma was collected from sheep blood containing 0, 0.06, or 0.24 mol/L (0%, 0.25%, or 1%) NaF. MEG was added to these plasmas, and they were incubated at −80, 1, 21, or 37 °C to determine whether there were temporal, temperature, or storage effects on MEG stability over 48 h. Results: Decreased temperature and increased NaF concentrations limited MEG degradation and EC formation. MEG stored in plasma at −80 °C was stable up to 1 month, even in the absence of NaF. Conclusions: MEG is stable in sheep plasma collected in commercially available, evacuated blood-collection tubes containing NaF and stored at −80 °C. In vitro formation of EC can be minimized with appropriate sample handling, and its in vivo formation may provide a better marker of crack smoking than its parent pyrolysis product.
Prediction of Pork and Lamb Meat Quality Characteristics

A two-factor central composite rotatable design and corresponding response surface analysis were successfully applied to data from pork and lamb loin roasts, using cooking temperature and endpoint temperature as the two independent variables. Heating rate (°C/min), evaporation loss, cooking time, total moisture, and chromaticity coordinate (z) were found to be significantly affected (p ≤ 0.10) by different combinations of cooking temperatures and endpoint temperatures in pork and lamb. Additional significant variables for pork were total nitrogen, remaining protein fraction and sensory panel juiciness; and for lamb, heating rate (°C/g), drip loss, total cooking loss, expressible moisture index, total nitrogen, chromaticity coordinate (×), saturation index, and sensory panel doneness and color. Response surfaces were useful in evaluating results.
Analysis of Electromodulated Optical Second-Harmonic Response at a Metal/Electrolyte Interface Using a Local Surface-Site Charge-Displacement Model

We present aspects of a general approach for the analysis of second-harmonic response at a metal/electrolyte interface. Analysis is based on a combination of principles from classical system identification and pattern recognition with a previously derived explicit and general representation of modulated second-harmonic response on the molecular level. This study emphasizes the adaptation of our approach and associated representation for the formulation of feature variables whose purpose is to extract features associated with observed trends in modulated second-harmonic signals. Our development introduces the concept of representing the multidimensional processes responsible for second-harmonic generation by means of a one-dimensional stationary stochastic process. This approach allows us to extract trends in experimental data correlated with molecular level charge displacements and resonant effects. The paper concludes with a series of analyses that illustrate the applicability of our approach and suggest possible pathways for its extension.
Induction of regulatory T cells by the immunomodulating cytokines α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and transforming growth factor-β2

Recently, we have reported that the cytokines alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) work in synergy to induce the activation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. When we used alpha-MSH and TGF-beta2 to generate ocular autoantigen-specific Treg cells and adoptively transferred them into mice susceptible to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), there was suppression in the incidence and severity of EAU. Specificity to a retinal autoantigen was required for the Treg cells to suppress EAU. When stimulated, these Treg cells produced TGF-beta1, and their production of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4 was suppressed. Also, the Treg cells are suppressed in their proliferative response. Our results demonstrate that alpha-MSH with TGF-beta2 induce Treg cells that can subdue a tissue-specific autoimmune response. This also promotes the possibility of using these immunomodulating cytokines to purposely induce antigen-specific Treg cells to prevent and suppress autoimmune disease.
The first long-lived mutants: discovery of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway for ageing

Inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signalling extends lifespan and delays age-related disease in species throughout the animal kingdom. This life-extension pathway, the first to be defined, was discovered th...
Occupational Exposure Assessment in Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Primary and Secondary Manufacturers: Mobile Direct-Reading Sampling

pretation of the data. t o address this gap, air-monitoring was conducted at six sites identified as CNt and CNF manufacturers or users and results were compared with filter-based metrics. Methods: Particle number, respirable mass, and active surface area concentrations were monitored with a condensation particle counter, a photometer, and a diffusion charger, respectively. the instruments were placed on a mobile cart and used as area monitors in parallel with filter-based elemental carbon (EC) and electron microscopy samples. Repeat samples were collected on consecutive days, when possible, during the same processes. All instruments in this study are portable and routinely used for industrial hygiene sampling. Results: Differences were not observed among the various sampled processes compared with concurrent indoor or outdoor background samples while examining the different DRi exposure metrics. Such data were also inconsistent with results for filter-based samples collected concurrently at the same sites [Dahm MM, Evans DE, Schubauer-berigan MK et al. (2012) Occupational exposure assessment in CNt and nanofiber primary and secondary manufacturers. Ann Occup hyg; 56: 542–56]. Significant variability was seen between these processes as well as the indoor and outdoor backgrounds. however, no clear pattern emerged linking the DRi results to the EC or the microscopy data (CNt and CNF structure counts). Conclusions: Overall, no consistent trends were seen among similar processes at the various sites. the DRi instruments employed were limited in their usefulness in assessing and quantifying potential exposures at the sampled sites but were helpful for hypothesis generation, control technology evaluations, and other air quality issues. the DRis employed are nonspecific, aerosol monitors, and, therefore, subject to interferences. As such, it is necessary to collect samples for analysis by more selective, time-integrated, laboratory-based methods to confirm and quantify exposures.
Cepstrum technique for multilayer structure characterization

The triple cepstrum, the third power of the inverse Fourier transform (IFT) of the logarithm of signal power spectrum, is used to characterize two-layer structures. The thickness of each layer can be found from the positions of the peaks in the triple cepstrum. Simulations and preliminary experiments have shown that the relative reflection coefficients can be reconstructed, in the ideal and lossless case, from the polarity and the amplitude of these peaks, as predicted by theory. The impedance pattern can be predicted even at low signal to noise ratio. A potential application of this method is to characterize blood vessel walls. The resulting thickness and impedance pattern could be useful in detecting and classifying plaques, particularly in the early stages. >
Distribution and persistence: natural outgrowths of the ARCADE data model

Distribution, persistence and atomicity are natural extensions of the ARCADE data model, rather than add-on properties. The model is based on the way a programmer views and uses typed data objects. It consists of data units and data unit links which act as the nodes and edges of a directed graph model. It serves as an excellent substrate for implementing various object models and languages. The authors have built a variety of realizations of the ARCADE data model. This has demonstrated that the model is independent of the implementation platform and that it is easy to build. Experience shows that it is also easy to use, powerful and efficient. It provides a valuable framework for object implementation and interoperability. >
Elevated fructosamine levels in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether the mechanism of increased glycation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is due to an alteration in a circulatory plasma enhancer. Methods We assessed glycation of serum protein and hemoglobin in patients with AIDS without altered carbohydrate metabolism. Fasting concentrations of glucose, ethanol, vitamin E, fructosamine, hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c (A1C), and partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (Pao2) were determined in 50 men with AIDS and in 25 age-matched healthy men in whom normal glucose tolerance was established by oral glucose tolerance tests. Results Fasting serum glucose was not significantly different between the men with AIDS (87 ± 4 mg/dL) and the healthy male volunteers (84 ± 6 mg/dL); however, A1C (6.9 ± 0.2%) and serum fructosamine levels (288 ± 15 μmol/L) were significantly higher (P Conclusion On the basis of this study, glycation of some circulating proteins appears to be enhanced in AIDS and may be induced by an undetermined plasma enhancer, inasmuch as known circulating factors promoting glycation were absent. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:686-690)
Tornado warning: the perils of selective replay in multithreaded processors

As future technologies push towards higher clock rates, traditional scheduling techniques that are based on wake-up and select from an instruction window fail to scale due to their circuit complexities. Speculative instruction schedulers can significantly reduce logic on the critical scheduling path, but can suffer from instruction misscheduling that can result in wasted issue opportunities.Misscheduled instructions can spawn other misscheduled instructions, only to be replayed over again and again until correctly scheduled. These "tornadoes" in the speculative scheduler are characterized by extremely low useful scheduling throughput and a high volume of wasted issue opportunities. The impact of tornadoes becomes even more severe when using Simultaneous Multithreading. Misschedulings from one thread can occupy a significant portion of the processor issue bandwidth, effectively starving other threads.In this paper, we propose Zephyr, an architecture that inhibits the formation of tornadoes. Zephyr makes use of existing load latency prediction techniques as well as coarse-grain FIFO queues to buffer instructions before entering scheduling queues. On average, we observe a 23% improvement in IPC performance, 60% reduction in hazards, 41% reduction in occupancy, and 48% reduction in the number of replays compared with a baseline scheduler.
ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL FEATURES WITH P. FALCIPARUM POSITIVITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH INDIA

Classical malaria due to any of the species present with typical clinical paroxysm which consists of three stages, an initial chill stage, febrile stage and the third stage or sweating stage. Infections with P. falciparum can however deteriorate very quickly to more severe presentations, now defined under the broad terms of severe malaria. The study aims to guide the clinicians in tertiary care settings to correlate the clinical sign and symptoms prior to starting the anti-malarial on clinical suspicion alone so as to minimize the emerging problem of anti-malarial drugs overdose and resistance. The present study was conducted in Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, CSMMU (now King George’s Medical University), Lucknow over a period of one year from August 2008 to August 2009. The study was carried out as a hospital based observational study. Blood samples were collected in EDTA vials. Each sample was examined by Giemsa stained thick and thin smears. Chi square test, Inter-observer Differences (“Kappa”), Logistic Regression, Multivariate Analysis were used to predict the outcomes. A total of 107 samples from clinically suspected cases of malaria were enrolled for the study from the medicine and pediatric wards of Gandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals, CSMMU, Lucknow, out of which 42 samples were positive for P.falciparum infection. A statistically significant (p 102 o F, vomiting, altered consciousness, jaundice and anaemia seem to be significantly associated with the outcome Microscopic Positivity. The clinical criteria for malaria diagnosis though very strict and less sensitive, has very high specificity, i.e. clinical criteria has the capability to rule out the negative cases effectively.
Thin thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engine components

Contrary to the thick thermal barrier coating approach used in insulated diesel engines, this paper investigates the merits of thin coatings. Transient heat transfer analysis indicates that the temperature swings experienced at combustion chamber surfaces depend primarily on material thermophysical properties, i.e. conductivity, density, and specific heat. Thus, cyclic temperature swings should be alike whether thick or thin (less than 0.25 min) coatings are applied. Furthermore, thin coatings would lead to lower mean component temperatures and would be easier to apply than thick coatings. The thinly–coated engine concept leads to modest improvements in brake power, lower exhaust emissions, and higher exhaust temperatures for possible exhaust gas utilization. Other gains include improved piston–liner tribological behaviour, improved erosion–corrosion resistance, and thus greater component durability. Above all, thin coatings may find application in the large gasoline engine market.
Price Volatility in Afghanistan's Wheat Market

Wheat is a key staple food in Afghanistan, accounting for over half the caloric intake of the population. Although Afghanistan imports wheat and flour from a number of neighboring countries, Pakistan tends to supply more than half of these imports. Afghanistan’s food supply network broke down in 2008 due to a confluence of events, including shortfalls in Pakistani and Afghan wheat production and Pakistan’s bans on wheat and flour exports. Substantial price hikes were needed to bring increased flour shipments from Kazakhstan through the inefficient transport system from the North. Afghanistan will remain subject to supply disruptions and price spikes as long as its agricultural production remains highly variable and weak transportation links limit the country’s ability to diversify its sources of imported grain. Improvements in infrastructure could enable Afghanistan to diversify its wheat and flour imports and bring in supplies at a lower cost.
Advanced Techniques for Mapping Gravity and Its Changes from Space

The last twenty years have seen a number of different proposals for mapping the gravity field of the earth to high resolution. Because of the distance between the orbiting instruments and the masses that create the field, all those proposals involve devices of extraordinary sensitivity, relying on cutting-edge technology. In addition to mapping the field precisely and in high detail (i.e., a global geoid of cm accuracy and better than 100 km resolution), recent thinking has more and more begun to focus on observing changes in the field over time. These changes are related to mass transport and redistribution as part of many important geophysical processes, including those that are related to climate changes around the planet. Until now, monitoring such changes has been limited to scales of thousands of km, periods of months or years, and the zonal part of the field. Now, the thought is gaining ground of taking advantage of modem technology to observe such changes over areas a few hundred kilometers across, in time scales of weeks, and in the two dimensions of latitude and longitude.
The Future of Recess Appointments in Light of Noel Canning v NLRB

The D.C. Circuit opinion invalidating President Obama's 2012 recess appointments of three NLRB commissioners reaches issues it did not have to reach, and resolves them through a textual analysis that is both unpersuasive on its own terms and oblivious to the force of institutional custom and history in interpreting the Constitution. If upheld, the opinion could have terrible consequences for public administration and promote a further breakdown in norms of interbranch comity on which the separation of powers depends.
Documentation of Tremor in Patients with Central Nervous System Lesions

Tremor is described by Stein and Lee as an “involuntary movement characterized by a rhythmic oscillation about a fixed point or trajectory during activities controlled by the central nervous system.”1 Among such oscillations are those demonstrated by healthy individuals and referred to as physiological tremors. These tremors are associated with posture or voluntary movement and are enhanced during tonic activation of the muscle, with fatigue and anxiety, and under conditions of increased metabolism.1 The frequency of physiological tremors (8–12 Hz) is greater than the frequencies of resting tremors (4–7 Hz) and of clonus (5–8 Hz), which are associated with abnormal neurologic states. Although the Cybex® II dynamometer* has been used to document conditions such as paresis,2,3 reciprocal delays,3 and spasticity,4 the therapists at this facility do not believe it has been used to document the presence of tremor in patients who have had central nervous system lesions.…
Modeling the Progression of Epithelial Leak Caused by Overdistension

Mechanical ventilation is necessary for treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome but leads to overdistension of the open regions of the lung and produces further damage. Although we know that the excessive stresses and strains disrupt the alveolar epithelium, we know little about the relationship between epithelial strain and epithelial leak. We have developed a computational model of an epithelial monolayer to simulate leak progression due to overdistension and to explain previous experimental findings in mice with ventilator-induced lung injury. We found a nonlinear threshold-type relationship between leak area and increasing stretch force. After the force required to initiate the leak was reached, the leak area increased at a constant rate with further increases in force. Furthermore, this rate was slower than the rate of increase in force, especially at end-expiration. Parameter manipulation changed only the leak-initiating force; leak area growth followed the same trend once this force was surpassed. These results suggest that there is a particular force (analogous to ventilation tidal volume) that must not be exceeded to avoid damage and that changing cell physical properties adjusts this threshold. This is relevant for the development of new ventilator strategies that avoid inducing further injury to the lung.
Exploration of Metal Chloride Uptake for Improved Performance Characteristics of PbSe Quantum Dot Solar Cells

We explored the uptake of metal chloride salts with +1 to +3 metals of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Cu2+, and In3+ by PbSe QD solar cells. We also compared CdCl2 to Cd acetate and Cd nitrate treatments. PbSe QD solar cells fabricated with a CdCl2 treatment are stable for more than 270 days stored in air. We studied how temperature and immersion times affect optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic cell performance. Uptake of Cd2+ and Zn2+ increase open circuit voltage, whereas In3+ and K+ increase the photocurrent without influencing the spectral response or first exciton peak position. Using the most beneficial treatments we varied the bandgap of PbSe QD solar cells from 0.78 to 1.3 eV and find the improved VOC is more prevalent for lower bandgap QD solar cells.
Simultaneous optimisation of cell loading and transportation method selection decisions

This paper presents a new mathematical model and a new genetic algorithms (GA) approach for simultaneous optimisation of manufacturing scheduling and transportation mode selection in a supply chain environment. Cell loading and due date selection mathematical model and a corresponding GA for the mathematical model were developed in order to assign products to cells, determine product sequence and identify the best transportation method for each product to maximise the total net profit. The GA was developed specifically for solving cell loading and due date selection problem. GA attained very good results when compared to optimal solutions. The mathematical model could solve problems up to 80 jobs, three cells and three alternative manufacturing due dates relatively fast. However, the execution time grows significantly for the problems with 110 or more jobs with three cells and three alternative due dates. Therefore, GA is proposed as the main solution method for large-size problems.
Korean Forced Laborers and Women Used as “Sex Slaves” During World War II: Transported by Japan's Merchant Ships

The purpose of this essay is to examine, through scholarly research, the issue of the responsibility of such civilian transportation in relation to "Japanese war crimes and the responsibility of the Japanese government and companies" during World War II. Relatively abundant research has been completed regarding the problem of transporting American war prisoners. In contrast, the research on forced labor vis-a-vis Koreans and Chinese women used as sex slaves, and on their modes of procurement and transportation, is inadequate or lacking altogether.Thus, this study seeks to examine the system of marine transportation of wartime Japan and the role of civilian transportation companies that took charge of shipping Korean laborers and women used as sex slaves. Our focus is on civilian, or private, merchant ships that were utilized to serve the goals of Japan's wartime machine.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting. A comparison of sufentanil, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting have been associated with the use of nitrous oxide and, in some studies, with isoflurane. Sufentanil, a new synthetic narcotic with a duration as long as fentanyl, was studied with regard to postoperative nausea and vomiting. A total of 63 patients undergoing extra-abdominal procedures (excluding thoracotomies and intracranial, ophthalmologic, and middle-ear surgery) was studied and randomly divided into four groups: Group A, sufentanil/N2O/O2 with 0.25% isoflurane; Group B, O2/N2O/isoflurane; Group C, O2/isoflurane/sufentanil; Group D, O2/isoflurane. Patients with a history of postoperative nausea and vomiting were excluded. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was observed in the recovery room. The overall incidence of nausea was 25% and of vomiting 9.5%; differences between techniques were not statistically significant.
A dynamic photoelastic investigation of stress-wave propagation in cones

The embedded-polariscope method was employed to isolate the central plane in cylindrical and conical models subjected to axial loads. Light-field isochromatic-fringe patterns associated with each of the five models studied were recorded by using a multiple-gap camera. Results obtained indicate that the maximum stress decays with distance propagated approximately as indicated by the elementary one-dimensional wave theory.
Abstract 1944: Evaluation of the prognostic value of miRNA-181b and its target identification and validation in colorectal cancers.

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) are 19 to 24 nucleotide sequences that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miRNA-181b is involved in tumor initiation and progression of several human malignancies including colorectal cancers (CRCs). Thus, we sought to determine the prognostic value of miRNA-181b in CRCs. Methods: Expression of miRNA-181b was quantified, by quantitative PCR (q-RT-PCR), in normal (benign colonic epithelia) tissues and in their corresponding CRC archival tissue samples collected from 345 patients. The expression levels were correlated with patient overall survival. Putative molecular targets of miRNA-181b were identified by in silico analysis. miRNA-181b mediated, post-transcriptional regulation of these targets was assessed in CRC cell lines (SW480, HCT116 p53-/- and HCT116 +/+) by transfection studies. The targets were validated by measuring their mRNA expression levels, by use of qRT-PCR, in CRC tissues that exhibited elevated levels of miRNA-181b as well as by cloning techniques to assess a direct interaction between miRNA-181b and 3’UTRs of its target genes using luciferase assays. Results: Survival analysis indicated that increased expression of miRNA-181b was associated with poor prognosis for CRCs (log rank, p=0.004). Fourteen putative molecular targets of miRNA-181b were identified by in silico analysis, and miRNA-181b mediated post-transcriptional regulation of these targets was validated in CRC cell lines by q-RT-PCR. Integrin alpha-3 was up-regulated, and BCL2LII and TNFα were down-regulated upon overexpression of miRNA-181b in vitro. Also, these targets were validated in CRC tissues that exhibited elevated miRNA-181b levels. The direct interaction of miRNA-181b with the target gene 3’UTRs was validated with luciferase assays. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that miRNA-181b regulates expression of Integrin alpha-3, BCL2LII, and TNFα; and is a prognostic marker for colorectal cancers. Citation Format: Liselle Bovell, Balananda-Dhurjati K. Putcha, Divya Devadasan, Sejong Bae, William E. Grizzle, Upender Manne. Evaluation of the prognostic value of miRNA-181b and its target identification and validation in colorectal cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1944. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1944
Effects of Task Duration and Type of Automation Support on Human Performance and Stress in a Simulated Battlefield Engagement Task

Automation that is meant to assist the operator by reducing stress and workload may actually increase both. Automation can be imperfect, and as a result may add to uncertainty and degrade performance when it fails. In a complex and dynamic task environment, this may lead to increased stress, which in turn may be associated with inefficient use of automation. The present study examined the relative benefits and costs of imperfect information and decision automation in a simulated battlefield engagement task. Performance and stress were evaluated for short- (10 minutes) and long-durations (30 minutes) of the task. The cost of unreliable aiding—a decrease in accuracy of appropriate target engagement selection—was greater for the decision automation than for information automation, irrespective of task length. Unreliability also slowed response times more for decision than for information automation, but only when the task was long. Subjective reports of stress also increased in the longer automated condition...
Increasing and generalizing self-efficacy: the effects of adventure recreation on the academic efficacy of early adolescents.

This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of an adventure recreation program on adolescent participants' outdoor recreation and academic self-efficacy. The study also explored the transfera...
[PI268] Worker Protection Standard: Training Workers and Handlers 2016

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regula tion designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides). It has been in full implementation since 1995. A complete reference for the WPS is provided by How to Comply with the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides: What Employers Need to Know. http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/ epa-735-b-05-002.pdf
Non-governmental Organizations and Government Agencies Lead in Cultivating Positive Sea Turtle Conservation Attitudes

ABSTRACTConsiderable research has been conducted analyzing how demographic characteristics influence the public’s attitudes toward wildlife; however, less research of this type has been conducted in locations having long-standing species conservation efforts. Questionnaires were completed by residents living adjacent to such a location, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (ACNWR), to investigate which demographics explained residents’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, willingness to act for, and participation in sea turtle conservation. Residents who had a non-governmental organization (NGO) or government agency as their sea turtle information source had stronger positive attitudes toward sea turtles. Residents who possessed strong positive attitudes were more willing to engage in pro–sea turtle conservation behaviors. Overall, this research demonstrated that ACNWR residents’ source of sea turtle information being an NGO or government agency played a significant role in increasing residents’ knowledge ...
Study on preparation of superfine calcium carbonate under different calcinations regulation and concentration

The calcinations regulation of limestone and the concentration of calcium hydroxide solution have effects on the granularity of the calcium carbonate crystal. The influences of different calcinations regulation and concentration of calcium hydroxide solution on the granularity of superfine calcium carbonate in the solid-liquid-gas system (Ca(OH)_2-H_2O-CO_2) are discussed.
Clinical observation of nebulized budesonide and oral montelukast in the treatment of cough variant asthma

AIM: To compare the therapy effect of inhalation of budesonide suspension with oral montelukast in cough variant asthma(CVA) of children..METHODS: 118 cases of CVA were divided into group A(n=40),who were used air compression pump inhalation of budesonide suspension;group B(n=40),who were taken orally montelukast;group C(n=38),who were given loratadine by oral administration.Each group of children were done observation diary every day,recorded the cough,asthma and medication from day to night,followed up once a week in the treatment of 4 weeks,followed up 1-2 times once month after symptom controlled,telephone followed up during the period.If appeared asthma,outpatient was received follow-up.During the follow-up period,three groups were recorded respectively cough symptoms in day and night after treatment with 1,2,3,4,8,12 week and done total scores. After 6 months of treatment,we assessed the control condition of asthma.Continue to follow-up 18 months,we observed the recurrence of patients within 2 years and the numbers of wheezing episode and changed into typical asthma(CA) of three groups within 2 years,and recorded the adverse reaction during the treatment. RESULTS:The valid control rates of three groups were 97.5%,95%,18.4%,respectively.Compared with group C,the efficacy had significant difference in group A,group B(χ2=16.004,P0.05).There was no significant difference between group A and group B(χ2=1.946,P0.05).Compared with before treatment,the total scores was decreased in the treatment of 1,2,3,4 week in group A,group B;In the treatment of 2,3 week,cough score of group A was decreased obviously than that in group B,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);Three groups after treatment,the number of CVA recurrence and wheezing in group A,B was less than that in group C,and relapse rate of group A was 7.5%,wheezing ratio was 10%,while in group B were 25%,35%(χ2=8.467,P0.05). CONCLUSION: Compare with take orally montelukast,compress aerosol inhalation budesonide can anesis clinical symptoms better and faster,reduce the recurrence of CVA,effective prevent into typical asthma,and the long-term efficacy is superior to oral montelukast.
The Analysis on RFID Information Security Risks and Protection Strategies Application to the Smart Grid-internet of Things

RFID,radio frequency identification,a non-contact automatic identification technology,is widely applied to the Internet of things.Currently,it has been applied to power system generation,transmission,transformation,distribution and other sectors.However,because of the complexity of the environment of Things and RFID technology defects,there are still many security risks.This paper discusses the information security threats facing RFID and the corresponding protection strategies.Then the RFID security risks and protection strategies are analyzed and compared from information security confidentiality,integrity and availability of the three aspects.The future security of RFID development is also discussed.
Caffeine therapy in preterm infants

Caffeine is the most commonly used medication for treatment of apnea of prematurity. Its effect has been well established in reducing the frequency of apnea, intermittent hypoxemia, and extubation failure in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. Evidence for additional short-term benefits on reducing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus has also been suggested. Controversies exist among various neonatal intensive care units in terms of drug efficacy compared to other methylxanthines, dosage regimen, time of initiation, duration of therapy, drug safety and value of therapeutic drug monitoring. In the current review, we will summarize the available evidence for the best practice in using caffeine therapy in preterm infants.
Advanced Control Solutions for Building Systems

Abstract The path of an innovative technology from the research stage to the validation in real test beds and subsequent commercialization and wider deployment may not always be straightforward. Multiple domain-specific constraints need to be considered and properly addressed. In case of the advanced control solutions for building's Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, one needs to keep in mind limitations given by the legacy control hardware, typical instrumentation levels, and overall cost-to-benefit ratio. The paper is written from the corporate R&D perspective and discusses methodological and practical aspects of design, validation and implementation of advanced control solutions in the application domain of commercial buildings. All issues are illustrated based on experience from the development of two different technologies: an embedded solution for control performance monitoring and a cloud-based supervisory control for HVAC systems.
Phonon Emission into Diffusive Media

It is a basic assumption of the acoustic mismatch (AM) model of heat pulse transport through solid-solid interfaces that a steady state is reached between an electrically driven heater film and the phonon flux into the substrate within a time, τ, comparable to the electron-phonon interaction time and the transit time of phonons across the heater film.1 A necessary consequence of this assumption is that none of the phonons which enter the substrate return to the heater film. Furthermore, since typically τ ~ 10−10 sec, and since normally the temporal resolution is ≥ 10−9, it follows that no time dependent change in the film’s temperature should be observed during or after the electrical excitation pulse.
High-dose follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation at the onset of the menstrual cycle does not improve the in vitro fertilization outcome in low-responder patients.

In an attempt to improve their outcome with in vitro fertilization (IVF), 34 low-responder patients were stimulated with six ampules of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) daily starting on day 1 (n=17) or day 2 (n=17) of their menstrual cycles. The stimulated cycles showed a mean peak estradiol of 443±173pg/mL, mean days of human chorionic gonadotropin of 7.6±1.4, 2.67±1.5 preovulatory oocytes per retrieval, and 2.56±1.3 oocytes per transfer. Three clinical pregnancies resulted after 25 embryo transfer cycles (12%). With paired analysis, we compared 8 patient cycles with prior six ampules of FSH stimulation starting on day 3; all parameters examined showed no significant differences. In a comparison of 22 patient cycles with prior 4 ampules of FSH stimulation on cycle day 3, no significant differences in any parameters were observed except in the higher number of ampules used in the present study. We conclude that high-dose FSH stimulation at the onset of the menstrual cycle does not improve the IVF outcome in low-responder patients.
Framing social determinants of health within the professional public health community: research translation and implications for policy change

ABSTRACTDespite what experts know about the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH), poor health is generally understood by the public as an individual problem ameliorated through lifestyle and/or healthcare. To remedy this knowledge gap and promote policy change, public health professionals are investing in media advocacy to raise public awareness about SDOH and promote collective responsibility for health improvement. However, policy theory suggests this may be insufficient. More attention to the role of professional communities, as mediators of research translation and important policy actors, is warranted. We conducted a content analysis of news articles published by the American Public Health Association and found substantial attention to SDOH. However, the discourse was more biomedical than expected given the evidence regarding the relative importance of the major categories of health determinants. This may be a barrier to policy change and detract from the field’s efforts to promote poli...
Identities and Interactions in a Transcultural Online Collaboration Project

The traditional theoretical frameworks and assumptions about intercultural technical communication are no longer adequate to describe and teach intercultural communication now frequently happening through digital networks. My dissertation proposes to use the theory of cosmopolitanism as it has been recently applied in several social science fields as a framework for pedagogical project design in order to teach intercultural communication skills applicable in the global age. The dissertation describes a transcultural online pedagogical project between Hungarian and U.S. students that I designed according to the principles of cosmopolitan theory. In this project, students were introduced to the basic tenets of cosmopolitanism and were asked to create blogs about themselves and their varied identities and languages. Students were also asked to comment on the blogs written by students in the other country. For this dissertation, I analyzed the blogs and comments created during the project to find out how students represented their identities and interacted with each other in this online learning environment. Students’ identity representations are discussed within the framework of Burke and Stets’ identity theory. The categories of student identity, sports identity, and national identity are examined in detail by applying discourse analysis with the purpose of identifying structures of expectations as delineated by Tannen. In addition, students’ rhetorical strategies in the comment section that follow the principles of cosmopolitan communication are also described. Based on the findings of this research, I conclude the dissertation by proposing a model for the cosmopolitan communication process in this globally networked learning space that is not only applicable to similar projects but can also inform the process of transforming the teaching of transcultural technical communication making it more applicable to the increasingly global and digital workplace.