cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase segregation of MnP in chalcopyrite dilute magnetic semiconductors : A cautionary tale

On the basis of reports of room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped semiconductor chalcopyrites, we undertook an investigation of a new doped system, CdSnP 2 :Mn. CdSnP 2 heated with Mn powder in a tube furnace under flowing argon at 350 and 500 °C resulted in a material having ferromagnetic properties (T c ≈ 290 K) closely resembling those reported for other Mn-doped chalcopyrites (e.g., CdGeP 2 , ZnGeP 2 ). However, the appearance of weak MnP impurity peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern for the 500 °C prepared sample, coupled with the strong similarity in the measured ferromagnetic behaviors, suggests that the ferromagnetic response may not be an intrinsic effect. Measurements on bulk and nanocrystalline MnP as well as on control samples prepared by heating CdP 2 or red phosphorus with Mn powder lead to the conclusion that (i) heating mixtures of CdSnP 2 with Mn results in phase-segregated MnP, a room-temperature ferromagnetic material, and (ii) amounts as small as 0.3 wt % (1.0 mol %) MnP, well below the resolution of powder X-ray diffraction, are sufficient to dominate the magnetic response in these chalcopyrite materials.
South Park, Blue Men, Anality, and Market Masculinity

Two popular entertainments, the South Park cartoon show and The Blue Man Group theatrical performance, are analyzed as symptomatic of a new configuration of masculinity in the contemporary United States. This masculinity is shaped by young men's ambivalent resistance and accommodation to the consumer culture. It manifests itself in an expulsive anality unlike the bourgeois character traits described by Freud or the polymorphously sensual scatology that Bakhtin ascribes to folk culture. Not the breadwinner masculinity of the post-World War II era, this market masculinity is simultaneously childish, creative, homoerotic, homophobic, racist, cynical, and paranoid. It reflects young men's difficulties in maintaining individual autonomy both against the impersonal authority of the law of the father and against the more seductive power of corporate advertising, which might be called the market of the mother. This analysis furthers feminist efforts toward socially contextualized, nondualistic understandings of m...
Dimensions of Currents and Current Commutators

We study the scale dimensions of current components and Schwinger terms. We state and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the spatial and temporal components of hadronic currents to have the same dimension. The incompatibility of well-defined $c$-number Schwinger terms with universal dimensionality of current components is demonstrated. Experimental implications are discussed.
A model for effect of colloidal forces on chemical mechanical polishing

It is well known that the variation of slurry pH could significantly affect the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process. In this study, a particle-scale mechanical model for surface removal rate that includes the double layer (dl) forces of abrasives and wafer surface is developed. It is shown that the van der Waals force and the electrical dl attraction and repulsion play a major role in CMP processes. Furthermore, the magnitudes and signs of the zeta potential of the surface and the abrasives significantly affect the removal rates. The results show that the removal rate increases sharply for the cases that the zeta potentials of the surface and abrasive have opposite sign. On the other hand the removal rate decreases when the zeta potentials have the same sign. The removal rates for polishing of tantalum with silica and alumina abrasives are compared with the available data and qualitative agreements are observed.
Prioritizing ecological and human welfare risks from environmental stresses

The ecological systems of Earth are subjected to a wide array of environmental stresses resulting from human activities. The development of appropriate environmental protection and management policies and the appropriate allocation of resources across environmental stresses require a systematic evaluation of relative risks. The data and methodologies for comprehensive ecological risk assessment do not exist, yet we do have considerable understanding of econological stress-response relationships. A methodology is presented to utilize present knowledge for assignment of relative risks to ecological systems and human welfare from anthropogenic stresses. The resultant priorities, developed for the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) relative risk reduction project, highlight global climate change, habitat alteration, stratospheric ozone depletion, and species depletion as the highest environmental risks, significantly diverging from the present emphasis by EPA and the public on toxic chemical issues. Enhanced attention to ecological issues by EPA and development of ecological risk assessment methodologies that value ecological and economic issues equitably are key recommendations.
Course Management Systems Integration into Course Instruction

The emergence of e-learning tools such as Course Management Systems CMS offer instructors a practical means to transition from face-to-face to blended delivery modalities that could better serve the needs of digital learners. However, instructors fail to take advantage of such existing modern classroom technologies to provide better learning experiences for their learners. Part of this is due to the lack of a system to determine the underuse of technological tools in a CMS. This project focused on examining the degree of Moodle technology integration into course instruction to support effective student teaching and learning by three instructors. This article stimulates reflections on pedagogical experiences with regard to course content material and instructor practices. The study illustrates that instructors and learners can believe technology is being used well in a CMS course site when the opposite is true.
Clearing the cervical spine in Plato's cave.

Commentary on Pourtaheri S, Emami A, Sinha K, Faloon M, Hwang K, Shafa E, et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute cervical spine fractures. Spine J 2014;14:2546–53 ( in this issue ).
Cladistic Approaches in the Study of Soil and Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Cladistic analysis of free-living soil nematodes of the Leptonchoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) resulted in groupings different from those obtained by traditional methods. We can interpret distributions of species groups obtained by phyletic analysis in relation to plate tectonic events. Similar techniques are applicable to plant parasitic nematodes. Grouping on the basis of synapomorphies produced a cladogram of genera of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) in which Meloidodera and Cryphodera appear to be the most ancestral genera and the cyst forming genera the most derived. A cladogram of groups of species in Heterodera sensu lato showed a major division, with the round cyst nematodes and the Cacli group in one grouping and the rest of the Heterodera species in the second. I interpret present-day distributions by a strict vicariance view and suggest potential falsifiers; and also discuss ancient dispersal routes as alternative ways of thinking about nematode distribution.
Figure of merit for magneto‐optical media based on the dielectric tensor

A figure of merit is derived for the magneto‐optical media used in erasable optical data storage. It is shown that the ratio of the useful signal generated by the polar Kerr effect to the incident laser power is always below the figure of merit, but the figure can be approached if the magneto‐optic medium is embedded in a proper multilayer structure.
Attempt to transfer contact hypersensitivity in man with dialysate of peripheral leukocytes.

In humans delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin and coccidiodin can be transferred from a skin-test positive donor to a previously nonreactive recipient with a dialyzable fraction of donor peripheral leukocytes. The mechanism by which transfer is effected by this relatively low molecular weight material is unknown. Should transfer with dialysate be accomplished with hypersensitivity to low molecular weight artificial antigens, further characterization of “transfer factor” might be facilitated. A maximal degree of contact sensitivity to a simple chemical, dinitrochlorobenzene, was produced in tuberculin-sensitive human volunteers, who were then used as donors. Seven of the eight donors reacted with 15 mm or more of induration to 0.1 μg of tuberculin, purified protein derivative, while recipients did not react to 5 μg. The dialyzable fraction of peripheral leukocytes from 500 ml of donor blood was injected into each of eight recipients in an attempt at simultaneous transfer of systemic sensitivity to both tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene. Transfer of tuberculin sensitivity was accomplished with four of seven dialysates from tuberculin-positive donors but in none of the eight attempts was contact sensitivity transferred with the same dialysates. The results indicate that tuberculin sensitivity and contact type sensitivity to a simple chemical differ in respect to the behavior of transfer factor and that other models are necessary if dialyzable transfer factor is to be studied with nonbacterial antigens.
How Do Things Really Work Around Here

Abstract Many ministry or church leaders and managers operate on too little knowledge and information about their organization's culture. The effective ones are well aware of what they do not know and they are not afraid to ask how things really work. The authors suggest a three step approach to improving organizational dynamics. The process involves: (1) looking at the big picture, (2) conducting a church/ministry organizational audit, and (3) facilitating change in the culture.
Chromosomes of the Lemuridae

Abstract Chromosome studies have been made from skin cultures of 23 individual lemurs representing five different species and including Cheirogaleus medius of the Cheirogaleinae. The results are presented in tabular form and are compared with data from other studies. A detailed study of the chromosomes and replication patterns of L. variegatus ruber and L. v. s. did not reveal any distinguishing features between these subspecies.
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Consumer Evaluation of Nutrition Information Disclosure by Retail Restaurants

Research examining consumer responses to the provision of nutritional information as part of restaurant menus has produced mixed results. In light of pending legislation requiring the provision of nutritional information, the authors examine the how corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts consumer service evaluation of restaurants. Findings from three studies demonstrate that the relationship between consumer attitudes toward the disclosure of nutrition information and their subsequent evaluation of the food provider is impacted by CSR-related initiatives. Studies one and two find that consumer evaluations are enhanced when the firm has an existing reputation for CSR and when the firm includes healthy product options as part of the introduction of the nutritional information. Study 3 finds these effects are particularly strong with fast-food restaurants. Overall, the findings suggest that, for some firms, the introduction of the legislation provides an opportunity to strengthen relationships with customers and gain advantage over some competitors.
Study of Random and Systematic Multipoles in the SSC Lattice

The expression for the tune shift and an orbit distortion is derived by the first order canonical transformation. The program based on these formulas is described and used for numerical camparison of the non-linear effects in the SSC lattices. The results are compared with analytic estimations. The choice of the main parameters of the SSC lattices is discussed.
Complementing trends of photoluminescence and terahertz intensities in staggered InGaN quantum wells

We demonstrate that photoluminescence and terahertz intensities show complementing trends for staggered InGaN quantum wells (QWs), dictated by separation of electrons and holes.
Prognosis in severe brain injury.

Background:The prediction of neurologic outcome is a fundamental concern in the resuscitation of patients with severe brain injury.Objective:To provide an evidence-based update on neurologic prognosis following traumatic brain injury and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest.Data Sour
Influence of O3, rainfall acidity, and soil Mg status on growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine roots

Root biomass, length, and branching frequency, and number and type of mycorrhizal short roots were determined for loblolly pine seedlings grown at two levels of soil Mg and exposed to chronic levels of O3 and simulated acidic rainfall. Seedlings were planted in a sandy loam soil having approximately 15 or 35 mg kg−1 Mg and were exposed to subambient; ambient, or twice ambient concentrations of O3 in open top chambers from May through October. Seedlings also received ambient amounts of simulated rainfall at pH 3.8 or 5.2. Root biomass, length, and branching frequency were not significantly affected by O3, rainfall acidity, or soil Mg treatments. Seedlings grown in the subambient O3 treatment had a greater number of short roots infected with mycorrhizae than seedlings grown in ambient or twice ambient O3 treatments, but trends were not statistically significant. Increasing rainfall acidity and soil Mg concentration resulted in a significantly (P = 0.07) greater number of mycorrhizal short roots, due primarily to an increased occurrence of one corraloid mycorrhizal type. Results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi differ in their response to O3, rainfall acidity, and soil Mg status, and suggest that mycorrhizal infection is more sensitive than seedling root growth to O3, acidic rainfall, and soil Mg status.
Numerical simulation of saccular aneurysm hemodynamics: influence of morphology on rupture risk

The governing equations for pulsatile fluid flow were solved in their finite volume formulation in order to simulate blood flow in a variety of three-dimensional aneurysm geometries. The influence of geometric factors on flow patterns and fluid mechanical forces was studied with the goal of identifying the risk of aneurysm rupture. Aneurysm morphology was characterized by quantitative shape indices reflecting the three dimensionality of the vasculature derived from clinical studies. Recirculation zones and secondary flows were observed in aneurysms and arteries. Regions of extreme and alternating shear stress were observed and identified as sites for potential aneurysm rupture. The ellipticity of an aneurysm was observed to be strongly correlated with wall shear stress at the aneurysm fundus, while its non-sphericity, volume, and degree of undulation were more weakly correlated.
Preparation of acetylenic sugar derivatives by way of 2-(N-nitroso)acetamido sugars

Abstract N -Nitrosation with dinitrogen tetraoxide was used to convert 2-acetamido-1,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-α- D -glucopyranose ( 1 ) and 2-acetamido-1,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- D -galactopyranose ( 4 ) in high yield into the N -nitroso derivatives 2 and 5 , respectively. Similarly, 3-acetamido-1,2,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-3-deoxy-β- D -glucopyranose ( 12 ) and methyl 2-acetamido-3,4,5,6-tetra- O -acetyl-2-deoxy- D -gluconate ( 15 ) gave their respective, crystalline N -nitroso derivatives 13 and 16 . Various other 2-acetamido sugar derivatives were likewise nitrosated. In ethereal solution, compounds 2 and 16 reacted with potassium hydroxide in isopropyl alcohol to give the C 5 acetylene, 1,2-dideoxy- D - erythro -pent-1-ynitol, isolated as the known triacetate 3 . By the same procedure, the galacto derivative 5 was converted in high yield into the 3-epimeric C 5 acetylene, 1,2-dideoxy- D - threo -pent-1-ynitol, isolated as its triacetate 6 and characterized by conversion into the known, crystalline 1,2-dideoxy-3- O -(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-4,5- O -isopropylidene- D - threo -pent-1-ynitol ( 7 ).
Grain growth and texture development in lithium fluoride thin films

We have studied grain-growth and texture development in polycrystalline lithium fluoride thin films using dark-field transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that we can isolate the size distribution of 〈111〉 surface normal grains from the overall size distribution, based on simple and plausible assumptions about the texture. The {111} texture formation and surface morphology were also observed by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The grain-size distributions become clearly bimodal as the annealing time increases, and we deduce that the short-time size distributions are also a sum of two overlapping peaks. The smaller grain-size peak in the distribution corresponds to the {111}-oriented grains, which do not grow significantly, while all other grains increase in size with annealing time. A novel feature of the LiF films is that the {111} texture component strengthens with annealing, despite the absence of growth for these grains, through the continued nucleation of new grains.
The Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: Constraints from unequilibrated chondrites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets

Abstract The Lutetium–Hafnium radiogenic isotopic system is widely used as a chronometer and tracer of planetary evolution. In order for this isotopic system to fulfill its potential in planetary studies, the Lu–Hf system parameters need to be more tightly constrained, in particular the Lu–Hf isotopic composition of the chondritic uniform reservoir (CHUR) and, by extension, the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). We present new Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopic compositions of unequilibrated carbonaceous, ordinary, and enstatite chondrites of petrologic types 1, 2, and 3 which define a narrow range of Lu/Hf ratios (3%) identical with that of Sm/Nd. This contrasts with previously published data from mostly equilibrated ordinary chondrites of petrologic types 4, 5, and 6 which have a much larger range in Lu/Hf (28%). This heterogeneity has hampered an unambiguous choice for the Lu–Hf isotopic composition of CHUR. Our new determinations of Lu–Hf CHUR parameters are 176 Lu/ 177 Hf = 0.0336 ± 1 and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf = 0.282785 ± 11 (2 σ m ), which are higher than previous estimates and, together with average Sm–Nd chondrite compositions of unequilibrated chondrites of 147 Sm/ 144 Nd = 0.1960 ± 4 and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd = 0.512630 ± 11 (2 σ m ), now provide firm constraints on the chondritic parameters for both Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopic systems. A comparison of Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd data show that terrestrial planets, as well as early differentiated planetesimals, converge toward a common initial Hf and Nd isotope composition corresponding to the average of chondrites. Finally, a compilation of Lu–Hf isotopic data of unequilibrated and equilibrated chondrites demonstrates that the 176 Lu decay decay-constant value cannot be resolved by age comparison on metamorphosed or shocked planetary materials which have a complex history.
Kinetic Antiferromagnetism in the Triangular Lattice

We show that the motion of a single hole in the infinite-U Hubbard model with frustrated hopping leads to weak metallic antiferromagnetism of kinetic origin. An intimate relationship is demonstrated between the simplest versions of this problem in one and two dimensions, and two of the most subtle many body problems, namely, the Heisenberg Bethe ring in one dimension and the two-dimensional triangular lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet.
Electrostatic interactions between charged amino acid residues and the bacteriochlorophyll dimer in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

The extent of electrostatic contributions from the protein environment was assessed by the introduction of ionizable residues near the bacteriochlorophyll dimer in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Two mutations at symmetry-related sites, M199 Asn to Asp and L170 Asn to Asp, resulted in a 48 and 44 mV lowering of the midpoint potential, respectively, compared to the wild type at pH 8, while a 75 mV decrease in the midpoint potential was observed for the mutation L168 His to Glu. The decrease relative to wild type was found to be approximately additive, up to 147 mV, for various combinations of the mutations. As the pH was lowered from 9.5 to 6.0, the relative decrease in the midpoint potential became smaller for each of these three mutations. Titration of the pH dependence of the change in midpoint potential of the M199 Asn to Asp mutant compared to wild type yielded a pKa value of 7.9 and a change in midpoint potential from low to high pH of 59 mV. The major effect of the mutation on the mid...
Determining the maternal and fetal cellular immunologic contributions in preterm deliveries with clinical or subclinical chorioamnionitis.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the maternal and fetal polymorphonuclear contributions to preterm histologic chorioamnionitis and whether this response differs in clinical chorioamnionitis when compared to cases without clinical chorioamnionitis. Methods: Paraffin placenta blocks from 19 preterm deliveries with histologic chorioamnionitis, 9 with clinical chorioamnionitis and 10 without clinical chorioamnionitis, were identified. Only placentas from male fetuses were used. Cytospin slides were generated from tissue specimens for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and labeled with X and Y chromosome probes. Under fluorescent microscopy, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were identified as having two XX signals (maternal) or a single X and Y pair (fetal). Results: Maternal PMNs comprised 89% and 91% of the cellular response in the groups with and without clinical chorioaminionitis, respectively. This difference in the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The dominant contribution of PMNs seen in preterm severe histologic chorioamnionitis is maternal in origin. This response is similar in the presence or absence of clinical chorioamnionitis.
A claudin 3 and claudin 4-targeted Clostridium perfringens protoxin is selectively cytotoxic to PSA-producing prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of non-cutaneous cancer-related death in males, and effective strategies for treatment of metastatic disease are currently limited. The tight junction proteins, claudin 3 and claudin 4, serve as cell-surface receptors for the pore-forming Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin [CPE]. Most prostate cancer cells overexpress claudin 3 and claudin 4, and claudins are aberrantly distributed over the plasma membrane, making these cells particularly sensitive to cytolysis by CPE. Prostate cancer cells secrete PSA locally that is proteolytically active; however, circulating PSA is inactivated via binding to protease inhibitors. To overcome systemic toxicity of CPE, a modified protoxin was constructed with a tethered ligand attached to the C-terminus connected by a flexible linker containing a PSA-specific protease cleavage site. This engineered protoxin selectively and efficiently lyses PSA-producing prostate cancer cells whereas CLDN3 and CLDN4 positive cells that do not express PSA are resistant to cytolysis.
Protein Kinase C-Dependent Expression of Type I Transglutaminase mRNA in Ganglioside GQ1b- and Calcium-Stimulated Human Keratinocytes

Abstract Ganglioside GQ1b was found to induce terminal differentiation in normal epidermal keratinocytes (Yada et al. (1991) Biochem. J. 279, 665-670). In GQ1b-stimulated human keratinocytes, the increase in mRNA expression of Type I TGase preceded the increases in the TGase activity. The enhancement of its mRNA expression was inhibited when protein kinase C (PKC) was suppressed by pretreatment with an inhibitor, H-7, or down-regulation by long-term preincubation with phorbol dibutyrate. These results indicate that PKC is involvedin the activation of TGase probably via gene expression of TGase mRNA in GQ1b-induced human keratinocyte differentiation. Similar results were also obtained in Ca2+-induced differentiation.
Quantitative Decision-Making Framework to Evaluate Environmental Commitment Tracking Systems: Colorado Department of Transportation Case Study

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the environmental commitment tracking systems (ETSs) used by other state departments of transportation (DOTs) in an effort to determine which system would be the most beneficial for long-term implementation at the Colorado DOT. The authors developed a quantitative decision-making framework to identify and prioritize the features that the Colorado DOT prefers and evaluate ETSs used by other state DOTs with respect to those features to provide recommendations as to which ETS the Colorado DOT should adopt. ETSs from California, Florida, Kentucky, New York, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington were evaluated. The quantitative decision-making framework consists of four steps: (a) conduct interviews to identify the features that the Colorado DOT prefers to have in its ETS, (b) assign weights to those features to establish their importance relative to each other on the basis of Colorado DOT preferences by using the analytic hierarchy process, (c) collect data fro...
Primal-dual interior-point method for thermodynamic gas-particle partitioning

A mathematical model for the computation of the phase equilibrium and gas-particle partitioning in atmospheric organic aerosols is presented. The thermodynamic equilibrium is determined by the global minimum of the Gibbs free energy under equality and inequality constraints for a system that involves one gas phase and many liquid phases. A primal-dual interior-point algorithm is presented for the efficient solution of the phase equilibrium problem and the determination of the active constraints. The first order optimality conditions are solved with a Newton iteration. Sequential quadratic programming techniques are incorporated to decouple the different scales of the problem. Decomposition methods that control the inertia of the matrices arising in the resolution of the Newton system are proposed. A least-squares initialization of the algorithm is proposed to favor the convergence to a global minimum of the Gibbs free energy. Numerical results show the efficiency of the approach for the prediction of gas-liquid-liquid equilibrium for atmospheric organic aerosol particles.
Searching for relief: racial differences in treatment of patients with back pain

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on analgesic prescriptions for back pain. Using 1995–1998 data from the U.S. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, significant racial disparities were observed in the odds of prescriptions. African American (OR=0.67, CI=0.55, 0.83) and Hispanic patients (OR=0.70, CI=0.52, 0.93) were significantly less likely to be given prescriptions for back pain treatment than their White counterparts. These two groups also received fewer medications on average than Whites. When the sample was stratified by sex, the racial differences were even more startling. African American men (OR=0.49, CI=0.35, 0.68) and Hispanic men (OR=0.51, CI=0.33, 0.79) were considerably less likely than White men to be given prescriptions for back pain. In addition, African American male patients were less likely to receive any medications (prescribed or non-prescribed) for pain. The above findings remained even after controlling for pain severity and payment source. The authors concluded that prejudice and racial stereotyping among physicians are the most plausible explanations for the racial/ethnic differences in pain treatment.
Metabolic preconditioning of cells with AICAR-riboside: Improved cryopreservation and cell-type specific impacts on energetics and proliferation

In species whose evolutionary history has provided natural tolerance to dehydration and freezing, metabolic depression is often a pre-requisite for survival. We tested the hypothesis that preconditioning of mammalian cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) to achieve metabolic depression will promote greater survivorship during cryopreservation. AICAR is used extensively to stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can result in downregulation of biosynthetic processes. We showed that the metabolic interconversion of AICAR was cell-type dependent. Accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1b-D-ribofuranosyl-5'-monophosphate (ZMP), as well as other metabolites that possess multiple phosphates (i.e., ZDP, ZTP), varied approximately 3.5-fold across the cell lines tested. AICAR treatment also significantly influenced the concentrations of cellular adenylates (ATP, ADP, and AMP). Depression of cell metabolism and proliferation with AICAR treatment differed among cell lines. Proliferation for a given cell line was negatively correlated with the fold-increase achieved in the 'effective adenylate ratio' ([AMP]+[ZMP])/[ATP]) after AICAR treatment. Metabolic preconditioning with AICAR promoted a significant increase in viability post-freezing in J774.A1 macrophages, HepG2/C3A cells and primary hepatocytes but not in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts or OMK cells. The effect of AICAR on viability after freezing was positively correlated (r(2)=0.94) with the fold-increase in the 'effective adenylate ratio'. Thus for each cell line, the greater the depression of metabolism and proliferation due to preconditioning with AICAR, the greater was the survivorship post-freezing.
Motion processing in peripheral vision: Reaction time and perceived velocity

Reaction times to motion onset were measured as a function of eccentricity of presentation. These were compared with measurements of perceived speed at various eccentricities. For slowly moving targets, both dependent measures changed substantially with eccentricity: RT increased and perceived speed declined. For more rapidly moving targets, both dependent measures were unchanged by eccentricity. These results may be related to the difference between retinotopic distribution of neural mechanisms responsive to low rates of temporal modulation and the retinotopic distribution of neural mechanisms responsive to higher rates of temporal modulation.
Much IDO about pregnancy

A recent study suggests that immunosuppression mediated by IDO, an enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan, may prevent rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system.
Selective deposition of CrO2 films on glass substrates

Abstract Crystalline films of ferromagnetic chromium dioxide were deposited onto glass substrates using a vapor transport technique. Buffer layers of oxidized titanium were used to aid the nucleation of the films. Because the CrO 2 films did not nucleate on the bare glass, selective deposition could be realized by patterning the titanium buffer layer.
Children's judgments of event upsettingness and personal experiencing of stressful events

Five-hundred and three urban and suburban 4th- to 6th-grade schoolchildren judged event upsettingness and reported the occurrence of 22 life events. Judgments of event upsettingness ranged considerably, some corresponding to, others differing from, adult judgments. Children reported experiencing an average of seven events during their lifetimes. Girls judged events to be more upsetting than boys, and fourth and fifth graders judged events to be more upsetting than sixth graders. Urban children reported having experienced more stressful events than suburban children, and sixth graders experienced more events than fourth graders.
Portrayal of Mental Illness on the TV Series Monk: Presumed Influence and Consequences of Exposure

This study of responses to the TV series Monk, about a detective with obsessive-compulsive disorder, examines perceptions and behaviors related to mental illness. A total of 172 respondents completed an online survey. A parasocial bond with Monk was associated with lower stereotypes of mental illness and less social distance. Predictors and outcomes of perceived influence of the series on self and others were also examined. Perceived (positive) influence of the series on others' attitudes was predicted by respondents' favorable evaluation of the series's depiction of mental illness, as well as greater perceived exposure to and favorable evaluations among family and friends. Perceived influence on others also was associated with greater willingness to disclose mental health treatment, but only among people without personal or family experience with mental illness. In contrast, perceived influence of the series on self was predicted only by respondents' own evaluations of the series, and was related to willingness to seek mental health treatment-but only among those who had personally dealt with mental illness.
Effective field theory for inflation

The methods of effective field theory are used to study generic theories of inflation with a single inflaton field. For scalar modes, the leading corrections to the R correlation function are found to be purely of the k-inflation type. For tensor modes the leading corrections to the correlation function arise from terms in the action that are quadratic in the curvature, including a parity-violating term that makes the propagation of these modes depend on their helicity. These methods are also briefly applied to nongeneric theories of inflation with an extra shift symmetry, as in so-called ghost inflation.
The 2013 Acquisitions Institute at Timberline Lodge

The 2013 Acquisitions Institute at the beautiful and historic Timberline Lodge in Oregon had absorbing presentations encouraging attendees to apply their values to inclusive collections that serve diverse communities, maximize the use of technology in services, and discern value in the products used and collections built. Updates from publishers, stories from collaborative collecting and sharing efforts, and citation analysis showed attendees a bigger, nuanced picture of resources and their use. The inaccessibility of electronic resources for patrons with disabilities was a sobering surprise for attendees. Materials allocation plans and valuing collections in new ways from various perspectives sparked provocative discussion throughout the conference.
Melt flow and strength of branched styrene copolymers

In order to assess the dependence of strength properties of glassy polymers upon the extent of branching, copolymers of poly(styrene–acrylonitrile) were prepared. By using principally three methods: (a) hydroperoxide intermediates, (b) hydroxyl radical initiation, and (c) incorporation of transfer monomers, branched polymers with high levels of branching with comb and dendritic type structures were generated. The tensile strength was found to be strongly correlatable with melt flow, and, in general, the branched copolymers were found to have the same tensile strength as linear polymers of the same melt index.
Enhancement of optical emission and absorption by metal nanoparticles

We provide a simple analytical model for the modification of optical properties of active molecules and other objects when they are placed in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles of sub-wavelength dimensions. Specifically, we study the enhancement of optical absorption and emission by these objects. The theory takes into account the radiative decay of the surface plasmon mode supported by the metal nanospheres - a basic phenomenon that has been ignored in electro-static treatment. In addition, the theory adequately treats the quenching effect of high order surface plasmon modes on luminescence efficiency. Using the examples of Ag and Au nanospheres embedded in GaN dielectric, we show that enhancement for each case depends strongly on the nanoparticle size and molecule-nanoparticle separation, enabling optimization for each combination of absorption cross section and original radiative efficiency. The enhancement effect is most significant for relatively weak and diluted absorbers and rather inefficient emitters that are placed at some optimal distances from the metal nanoparticles.
A Gated, Wideband Magnetic Direction Finder for Lightning Return Strokes

A magnetic direction finder has been developed which utilizes only the initial few microseconds of wideband return stroke waveforms to provide accurate directions to the channel bases of lightning discharges to ground. Bearing errors are minimized because, near the ground, most channels tend to be straight and vertical with no large branches or horizontal sections. Tests on a number of lightning storms at distances of 10 to 100 km indicate the angular resolution is in the range 1-2 deg, with little or no systematic dependence on azimuth or distance.
Serving northwest loads with Columbia basin wind turbine generation

Much of the public discussion and recent laws on renewable generation has focused on very broad issues of resources. But for smaller utilities and local regulators, determining regional resources ability to serve load may be difficult to resolve with such government mandates as renewable portfolio standards, particularly for wind generation. Wind is sporadic by nature and imposes a high level of uncertainty into utility operations. Moreover, wind has great seasonal and geographic dependencies that require intensive planning studies. This paper presents a simplified analysis for a utility in the Northwest United States to plan the amount of wind generation capacity that will be needed to meet state mandated renewable requirements reliably. Assumptions are proposed for converting existing wind speed data into a combined wind farm megawatt output. The model allows for analysis of wind turbine output from sites with relative geographic dispersion. Based on this model, system load is compared to the combined wind farm output using appropriate statistical computations. The objective is to determine with acceptable certainty the wind generation a typical modest size utility will require to meet both theoretical goals and Washington State's renewable portfolio standards.
Did (or does) the United States have a competitiveness crisis

Much policymaking in the 1980s at the federal, state, and local levels tried to redress the U.S. competitiveness crisis. A guiding presumption was that there was a sudden and profound inability of the United States to compete in manufactured goods. However, there has been little systematic analysis of American competitive performance disaggregated for the entire manufacturing sector. Data analyzed here for the years 1970–1990 and for the 24 major two-and three-digit ISIC industries reveals that there was a competitiveness crisis in the 1980s, but it was not endemic to all industries. Market share, trade balance, and revealed comparative advantage indicators suggest the crisis was characterized by intensified competitive decline for the auto, textiles, and electronics, industries, and by competitive reversals for the electrical machinery and office and computing machine industries. While many other major American industries appear to be in competitive health, the cumulative effect of macroeconomic imbalances is likely to cause future competitive stress in the capital goods and high-technology sectors.
Aluminum removal by peritoneal dialysis: Intravenous vs. intraperitoneal deferoxamine

Aluminum removal by peritoneal dialysis: Intravenous vs. intraperitoneal deferoxamine. Aluminum removal via peritoneal dialysis was evaluated after the administration of deferoxamine in patients treated with CAPD and CCPD. The intravenous administration of deferoxamine, 40 mg/kg, led to a 730 ± 139% increase in aluminum removal, compared to an increase of 641 ± 178% after the drug was administered intraperitoneally. The mean dialysate:plasma concentration ratio for aluminum rose from 0.17 ± 0.03 to 0.32 ± 0.03 with intravenous deferoxamine administration, and from 0.19 ± 0.05 to 0.38 ± 0.07 with the intraperitoneal instillation of deferoxamine. In the seven patients with paired studies using both modalities of administration, there were no significant differences in the increments in plasma aluminum or in aluminum removal over a 24-hour period. In patients from whom effluent dialysate was collected for several days after the administration of deferoxamine, daily aluminum losses increased from 218 ± 76 µg/24 hours before the administration of desferoxamine to 1521 ± 339, 1120 ± 232, and 948 ± 328 µg/24 hours over three successive days after deferoxamine. These data indicate that aluminum is effectively removed after the administration of either intravenous or intraperitoneal deferoxamine. The enhanced rate of removal of aluminum by peritoneal dialysis persists for several days after a single dose of deferoxamine. The efficacy and safety of long–term treatment with intraperitoneal deferoxamine requires further study.
The Next Night Sous Rature: Wrestling With Derrida’s Mimesis

This “layered account” of the author’s night dancing and wrestling with Kitty’s All Girl Review, for the purposes of gaining access to her male and female striptease dancers, is and is not Part 2 of an article that appeared in the September 1998 issue of Qualitative Inquiry. Making use of the metaphor of drawing, the author invokes Derrida’s nonconcepts of “mimesis” and “sous rature” as a lens through which to view her lived experiences with the troupe, identity, and writing. As each layer is superimposed on prior layers, new meanings emerge. All images and impressions are subject to erasure at any time given the absence of a one-to-one correspondence of representation to reality and the changing nature of relationships between performers over time and from differing perspectives. Ultimately, lived experience, identity, and writing can be seen as simultaneous processes of destruction and creation.
Speaking with them or speaking for them: A conversation about the effect of stereotypes in the Latina/Hispanic women's experiences in the United States

Hispanics represent one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. population. Recent census reports estimate that Hispanics comprise 16 percent of the U.S. population. By 2050, it is estimated that nearly one out of every three Americans will be Hispanic. Many researchers have begun earnestly studying their impact on U.S. economy, culture, education, business, and politics. But few studies have focused on Hispanic females and their quiet struggles for self-determination in the United States. This essay explores the experiences of Hispanic women in the U.S. workforce by giving voice to this silent minority.
High temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the ortho-proto phase transition in enstatite, Mg 2 Si 2 O 6 at 1360 K

A high temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of enstatite, Mg2Si2O6 was undertaken at 296, 900, 1200, 1360 and 1400 K. During the X-ray data collection at 1360 K (T0), orthoenstatite (Pbca) transformed to protoenstatite (Pbcn). The unit cell parameters measured at T0 are a=18.456(4), b=8.960(2) and c=5.270(1) A for ortho and a=9.306(1), b=8.886(1) and c=5.360(1) A for proto. The discontinuous increase in c and decrease in b due to the ortho to proto transformation are associated with the drastic unkinking of the silicate chains, whereas the abrupt increase in a results from the large expansion of the M2 — O distances along a coupled with the increase in the out-of-plane tilting of the silicate tetrahedra. Stacking faults form in ortho prior to the phase transition, as well as in proto between 1360 and 1400 K. With increasing temperature, the silicate B chain in ortho straightens faster than the A chain as the configurations of the SiA and SiB tetrahedra tend to become similar. At T0, the A and B chains with the O3-O3-O3 angles (O3 being the bridging oxygen atom) of 163.0° and 149.5° in ortho, respectively, attain an identical angle of 168.4° in proto. The configuration of the silicate chain in proto resembles that of the A chain in ortho. Rigid-body thermal vibration analysis suggests that between 1200 and 1400 K the largest, the second largest and the smallest thermal librational motions of the [SiO4] tetrahedra in both ortho and proto are approximately around a, c and b, respectively. Below 1200 K, the largest thermal librational amplitudes of the SiA and SiB tetrahedra in ortho are quite different, but become nearly equivalent at T0. In contrast to the results reported for all iron-bearing orthopyroxenes at high temperature, switching of the O3B atoms coordinated with the M2 cation occurs during the ortho to proto transformation, but not in ortho below T0. The ortho-proto transition does not affect the configuration of the M1 octahedron significantly, but results in a decrease of the mean M2 — O bond distance by 0.043 A and a highly distorted M2 octahedron in proto.
Hyperferritinemia and iron overload in type 1 Gaucher disease

Hyperferritinemia occurs in Gaucher disease but its clinical spectrum or its association with systemic iron overload and HFE mutations are not known. In 114 patients with Type 1 Gaucher disease, we determined serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and HFE genotype. The results were correlated with the extent of hepatosplenomegaly, overall Gaucher disease severity score index, and response to enzyme replacement therapy. In a subset of patients with radiological and/or laboratory evidence of systemic iron overload, liver biopsy was performed. There was a mean 3.7-fold elevation of serum ferritin over the upper limit of normal (ULN). Prior splenectomy was associated with most severe hyperferritinemia compared to patients with intact spleen (6.53 x ULN vs. 2.69 x ULN, P = 0.003). HFE genotyping revealed two patients homozygous for H63D mutation and 30% of patients heterozygote carriers of H63D mutation; no patients harbored C282Y mutation; there was no correlation of ferritin with HFE genotype. Ferritin level correlated with liver volume (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.254, P = 0.035) and it was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r = -0.315, P = 0.004); there was no relationship with other indicators of Gaucher disease activity. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) resulted in amelioration of hyperferritinemia: 707 +/- 898 ng/ml vs. 301 +/- 310 ng/ml (P = 0.001), transferrin saturation remained normal. Three patients were suspected of clinical iron overload, confirmed on liver biopsy. Iron accumulation was variably noted in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. There is a high prevalence of hyperferritinemia in Type 1 Gaucher disease that is associated with indicators of disease severity, reversed by ERT and is not related to HFE mutations.
A Student-Centered Exploration of the National Restaurant Association Show: Developing a Course for Academic Credit

One very rewarding experience for a hospitality educator is to see the reactions on students' faces as they enter Chicago's McCormick Center for their first day of the National Restaurant Association Show. With an abundance of exhibitors and educational sessions this is not only a “must attend” experience for culinarians and restaurateurs; it is also the ideal location to enhance hospitality students' educational background through self-directed learning. Based on a selection theoretical learning models, a course for academic credit was designed so that hospitality students were able to customize their learning objectives to meet personal goals and to present their knowledge through portfolios.