cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specificity of 1-triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator and inhibition of its effect by other long-chain compounds.

The effect of several analogs of 1-triacontanol (TRIA), differing in C-chain length (16–32), the position of the hydroxyl group and the terminal functional group, were tested alone and in combination with TRIA on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings. Applied alone, none of the compounds caused an increase in growth; thus, chain length (30 C) and presence and position (terminal) of the hydroxyl group appear to be specific for the growth-promoting activity of TRIA. When applied simultaneously with TRIA, all analogs inhibited the response to the latter in all three test plants, whether applied in the nutrient solution, as foliar spray or by seed soaking. 1-Octacosanol inhibited the response of rice seedlings to 2.3 x 10-8 M TRIA at concentrations as low as 2.4 x 10-12 M. Thus preparations of TRIA and application equipment must be free from trace amounts of other long-chain compounds if they are to be used to increase plant growth.
(Re)Examining Racial Identity Attitude Differences Across Gender, Community Type, and Socioeconomic Status Among African American College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between (a) racial identity attitudes and (b) individual and contextual variables. The authors used the Cross Racial Identity Scale, which is based on the expanded nigrescence model, to assess racial identity attitudes in a sample of African American college students attending a predominantly White university in the northeastern region of the United States. One-way multivariate analyses of variance revealed statistically significant differences in racial identity attitudes across gender and community type (i.e., suburban vs. urban), but not across socioeconomic status. Male students had higher internalization Afrocentric scores than did female students, whereas female students had higher internalization multicultural-inclusive scores than did male students. Students from suburban communities had higher pre-encounter assimilation and miseducation scores than did students from urban communities.
Comparison theorems for differential games: II

The basic existence theory, of value and a saddle point, for (a) is given in [4] (see also [5]), and for (b) is given in [2, 31 (see also [S]). Our approach is to construct a family of games GA of fixed duration, with value VA, such that (i) the results of [6] can be applied to GA , and (ii) VA converges to the value V of the differential game under consideration. The case (a) of restricted phase coordinates is treated in Sections 1 and 2. In Section 1 we construct the appropriate G,, and prove that VA + V. In Section 2 we estimate the VA by means of the results of [6], thereby obtaining estimates for V. Finally, Section 3 deals with games of survival.
Fluoro-ketones. V reaction of alkyl and aryllithium compunds with perfluoroalkylether esters

Abstract n-Butyllithium and a variety of aryllithium compounds have been shown to react with a perfluoroalkylether ester (R f OR f CO 2 R) at −78°C to produce perfluoroalkylether ketones. In the absence of competing reactions, which may be due to additional reactive groups on the ester, high yields of ketones can be prepared. Steric hindrance adjacent to the carbonyl group has an important effect on rates of reactions. Low reaction temperature −78°C is an important factor when secondary esters are used. At higher reaction temperatures >;−30°C, the secondary esters produce decreased yields of ketone due to the instability of the intermediate lithium salt of the hemiketal which decomposes to an aryl ester and a perfluorinated olefin.
Wiener’s criterion for the unique solvability of the Dirichlet problem in arbitrary open sets with non-compact boundaries

Abstract This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique bounded solution to the classical Dirichlet problem in arbitrary open subset of R N ( N ≥ 3 ) with a non-compact boundary. The criterion is the exact analogue of Wiener’s test for the boundary regularity of harmonic functions and characterizes the “thinness” of a complementary set at infinity. The Kelvin transformation counterpart of the result reveals that the classical Wiener criterion for the boundary point is a necessary and sufficient condition for the unique solvability of the Dirichlet problem in a bounded open set within the class of harmonic functions having a “fundamental solution” kind of singularity at the fixed boundary point. Another important outcome is that the classical Wiener’s test at the boundary point presents a necessary and sufficient condition for the “fundamental solution” kinds of singularities of the solution to the Dirichlet problem to be removable.
An accuracy test for updating triangular factors

This note describes a new accuracy test for the Forrest-Tomlin method for updating triangular factors of the basis, based on standard error analysis techniques. This test has proved very useful in practice when the method is applied to digitally unstable models.
A Reserve Price Auction for Spectrum Sharing with Heterogeneous Channels

Cognitive radio is a novel communication paradigm that can significantly improve spectrum utilization by allowing the cognitive radio users to dynamically utilize the licensed spectrum. To achieve this, studying efficient spectrum allocation mechanisms is imperative. In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network consisting of a primary spectrum owner (PO), multiple primary users (PU) and multiple secondary users (SU). We propose a reserve price auction mechanism for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks where the SUs bid to buy spectrum bands from the PO who acts as the auctioneer, selling idle spectrum bands to make a profit. Unlike most existing auction mechanisms that assume identical channels, we consider a more general and more realistic case where channels have different qualities. Also, SUs are allowed to express their preferences for each channel separately. That is, each SU submits a vector of bids, one for each channel. In addition, reservation prices that are proportional to channel qualities are imposed by the PO. The proposed auction mechanism results in efficient allocation that maximizes SUs' valuations subject to reserve price constraints, and it has desired economic properties that we formally prove in the analysis. Numerical results show performance improvements compared to the case of reserve price auction with identical channels and the case of having no reservation prices.
An Apparatus for Direct Fugacity Measurements on Mixtures Containing Hydrogen.

An apparatus has been designed and constructed to allow measurements of fugacities in gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen. The apparatus makes use of a semipermeable membrane to allow a direct measurement of the partial pressure of a permeating component (in this case, hydrogen) in a mixture with a nonpermeating component. In this study, measurements were made on mixtures of hydrogen/methane and hydrogen/propane. The apparatus is designed to operate at moderate and high temperatures (ambient to 250 'C) and moderate and high mixture pressures (3 to 50 MPa). The actual pressure range that is experimentally accessible is dependent on the fluid mixture under study, due to its influence on the pressure gradient across the semipermeable membrane. The pressure measurements are done isothermally on a series of concentrations of the binary. Each mixture is characterized using a developmental gas-chromatograph which has been built especially for this work. The gas-chromatograph was calibrated using standard mixtures of hydrogen/methane and hydrogen/propane, prepared gravimetrically in our laboratory. Using measured values of the mixture pressure, hydrogen partial pressure and mixture mole fraction at a given temperature, fugacity coefficients were determined using the virial equation. The measured values are compared with some previous data and general trends are discussed.
Race and ethnicity coding agreement between hospitals and between hospital and death data.

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the reliability of hospital coding for race and ethnicity particularly for Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. We assessed these questions using hospital and mortality data from a large, diverse state. MATERIAL/METHODS: We used California hospital discharge data 1998--2000 and linked death data. We assessed crude agreement and kappas for race and ethnicity coding between admissions to different hospitals and between hospital admissions and death data. RESULTS: Overall kappas for race and ethnicity were higher between hospital and death data than between different hospitals. Kappas between hospital admission and death certificate data differed by race and ethnicity. Reasonable kappas were observed for Blacks (0.92), Asians and Pacific Islanders (0.88), Hispanics (0.77), and Whites (0.76), but not for American Indians (0.27) or others (<0.01). Crude agreement for race and ethnicity varied for Asians and Hispanics based on country of origin. It was highest for persons born in China (93%) and Southeast Asian (93%) and Mexico (82%) and lowest for persons born in India (38%) and for "Other Spanish/Hispanics" born in (42%) and outside the US (46%). CONCLUSIONS: Race and ethnicity coding agreement between hospitals and between hospitals and death certificate is generally good for most major and ethnic groups and subgroups with the notable exception of American Indians, persons of other races, and selected Asians and Hispanics born in certain countries.
Dynamics of the IRE RNA hairpin loop probed by 2-aminopurine fluorescence and stochastic dynamics simulations.

The iron responsive element (IRE) RNA hairpin loop contains six phylogenetically conserved nucleotides, which constitute part of the sequence-specific binding site of the IRE-binding protein.The NMR structure of the loop has been solved, showing that 3 of the 6 nt are poorly constrained.Here, two purine nucleotides in the IRE loop are individually replaced with the fluorescent purine analog 2-aminopurine (2AP).Steady-state and time-resolved fluo rescence methods are used to describe the structure and dynamics of 2AP in the IRE loop.The data indicate that 2AP at the position of the adenosine in the loop moves between stacked and unstacked positions, whereas 2AP at the adjacent guanosine is predominantly solvent exposed.Stochastic dynamics simulations are used to provide a physical description of how those nucleotides might move.
What Color is Business? An Onomasiological and Semasiological Study of Business Terms Containing Color Words

The study of color has a long history in various sciences including linguistics. However, little attention has been paid so far to the analysis of color words in business lexicon, though they are present in many areas of business from banking and accounting to stock market to economics. The current research is an attempt to fill in this gap and investigate the potential of color words to participate in encoding business concepts. The synchronic analysis of semantics of business terms combined with the diachronic analysis of the evolution of color concepts made it possible to single out psychologically salient features of prototypes which are operative in business concept denomination. The study is carried out within the framework of cognitive onomasiology because it allows bringing to the fore pre-logic aspects of conceptualization. The findings show that meanings of business terms are grounded in conceptual structure of color. In the course of cultural and language history color concepts have acquired additional constituent elements – ontologically and cognitively related to the prototype – which become a motivation basis for designating new concepts. Changes in the cultural paradigm of society affect conceptual meanings and provide new motivations for nominations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.21.1734
Tight bound on Johnson's algorithm for Max-SAT

We present a new technique that gives a more thorough analysis on Johnson's classical algorithm for the maximum satisfiability problem. In contrast to the common belief for two decades that Johnson's algorithm has performance ratio 1/2, we show that the performance ratio is 2/3, and that this bound is tight. Moreover we show that simple generalizations of Johnson's algorithm do not improve the performance ratio bound 2/3.
Arterial lipid characterization by high resolution TSI

High resolution Thermal Strain Imaging (TSI) using an ultrasound (US) microscope was applied to excised porcine tissues. Samples were placed in a temperature controlled water chamber and scanned transversely and longitudinally using a custom high resolution microscope. Phase-sensitive, correlation-based speckle tracking was applied to map the spatial distribution of temporal strain across the sample. TSI differentiated fatty tissue from the water- based arterial wall and muscle with high contrast and a spatial resolution of 60 microns for a 50 MHz transducer. Both transverse and longitudinal TSI images compare well with the B-Scan of arterial wall structures, including intima, media, adventitia and overlying fatty tissue. These in-vitro results demonstrate the feasibility of high resolution TSI with a small temperature change (less than a 1°C) for plaque characterization.
Pyoderma gangrenosum: an expert commentary

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an inflammatory condition that is characterized by ulcerations of the skin, but may involve other organs. Classically, pyoderma gangrenosum starts as a small pustule that progresses to the classic ulceration with an overhanging violaceous border. Pathergy, the development of cutaneous involvement at sites of trauma, is common. Pyoderma gangrenosum occurs in association with other diseases in approximately 50% of patients and is most commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease, myeloproliferative disorders and various arthritides. The diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum is made by excluding other conditions, such as malignancy, infection, vasculitis and trauma. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum involves treatment of an associated disease if present, and topical and/or systemic corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive therapies.
Distress Resulting From Perceivers’ Own Intimate Partner Violence Experiences Predicts Culpability Attributions Toward a Battered Woman on Trial for Killing Her Abuser: A Path Model

Intimate partner violence (IPV) constitutes the majority of assaults against women in the United States, and greater than one third of female homicide victims are murdered by an intimate partner. In a small percentage of cases, battered women kill their abusers, and evidence of battering and its effects may be used to support a plea of self-defense in these cases. Prior research has shown that culpability attributions toward battered women who have killed their abusers are influenced by perceiver variables, including gender. The present study expands on this research by examining the influence of psychological distress resulting from perceivers' own IPV experiences--and the mechanisms of this influence--on their culpability attributions toward a battered woman defendant. Female undergraduates in the present sample (N = 154) read a vignette, adapted from an actual criminal case about a battered woman who had killed her abuser. Data supported a hypothesized path model, wherein participants reporting greater psychological distress resulting from IPV perpetrated against them perceived themselves more similar to the defendant, in turn empathized with her to a greater extent, and, in turn, attributed less legal culpability to her. Implications for future research are discussed.
Method for Study of Contraction of Isolated Heart Muscle Under Various Physical Conditions

Since the actions of physical and chemical influences upon myocardial contractility are not necessarily independent, study of interactions between the two may give clues to the mechanisms of action of both. A method is described for study of the interrelations of temperature, the interval between contractions, distending pressure, volume, amplitude of contraction against constant pressure, and pressure generated by contraction at constant volume in isolated thin-walled cardiac chambers. Unusual features are the use of gas as a distending medium and a volume recorder which measures the conductance of the fluid displaced by the chamber. As illustrations of use of the method, observations on some fundamental properties of rabbit atria are presented. Hysteresis and slow yielding to stress are prominent. The passive pressure-volume relationship is not affected by contractions against constant pressure, but is changed slightly by contractions at constant volume. The Starling curve of the isolated rabbit atrium ...
Treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis with a conformer prosthesis: a clinical report.

The Glossary of Prosthodontic terms defines the following terms: obturator as a “prosthesis used to close a congenital or acquired tissue opening, primarily of the hard palate and/or contiguous alveolar structures”; a stent as an “eponym for a device used in conjunction with a surgical procedure to keep a skin graft in place”; and a speech aid, used “to restore an acquired or congenital defect of the soft palate with a portion extending into the pharynx to separate the oropharynx and nasopharynx during phonation and deglutition, completing the palatopharyngeal sphincter.”1 The prosthesis in this clinical report does not fall under any of these definitions. Stevenson2 defined nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) as “partial or complete nasopharyngeal obstruction due to scar tissue.” It is further defined by Lehmann3 as “an obliteration of the normal communication between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx resulting from the fusion of the tonsillar pillars and soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall.” Nasopharyngeal stenosis is a rare acquired lesion, usually the result of surgical trauma associated with tonsillectomy combined with adenoidectomy.4 Only 22 new cases have been reported in the literature in the last 25 years, all of which were secondary to adenotonsillectomy. Symptoms of NPS may vary from complete nasal obstruction with oral breathing, hyponasality, rhinorrhea, and dysphagia to obstructive sleep apnea.5 Surgery for correction of NPS is rarely successful.4 The purpose of this clinical report is to describe the treatment of a patient with nasopharyngeal stenosis with a conformer prosthesis.
Models of lithosphere and asthenosphere anisotropic structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from shear wave splitting

[1] Teleseismic shear wave splitting measured at 56 continuous and temporary seismographs deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area around the Yellowstone hot spot indicates that fast anisotropy in the mantle is parallel to the direction of plate motion under most of the array. The average split time from all stations of 0.9 s is typical of continental stations. There is little evidence for plume-induced radial strain, suggesting that any contribution of gravitationally spreading plume material is undetectably small with respect to the plate motion velocity. Two stations within Yellowstone have splitting measurements indicating the apparent fast anisotropy direction (ϕ) is nearly perpendicular to plate motion. These stations are ∼30 km from stations with ϕ parallel to plate motion. The 70° rotation over 30 km suggests a shallow source of anisotropy; however, split times for these stations are more than 2 s. We suggest melt-filled, stress-oriented cracks in the lithosphere are responsible for the anomalous ϕ orientations within Yellowstone. Stations southeast of Yellowstone have measurements of ϕ oriented NNW to WNW at high angles to the plate motion direction. The Archean lithosphere beneath these stations may have significant anisotropy capable of producing the observed splitting.
Recovering filamentary objects in severely degraded binary images using beamlet-driven partitioning

We consider the problem of recovering a binary image consisting of many filaments or linear fragments in the presence of severe binary noise. Our approach exploits beamlets—a dyadically organized, multiscale system of line segments—and associated fast algorithms for beamlet analysis. It considers models based on beamlet-decorated recursive dyadic partitions, and models the image as a Bernoulli random process with spatially variant success probability, which is “high” within the beamlet complexity-penalized model fitting. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
A randomized, controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery versus closed-needle joint lavage for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Objective. To compare arthroscopic surgery and closed-needle joint lavage for patients with non—end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee under controlled, experimental conditions. Methods. Thirty-two subjects who met specific clinical, radiologic, medical, and rehabilitation criteria were randomized to receive arthroscopic surgery (n = 18) or joint lavage (n = 14). Outcome measures evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 12 months of followup included 3 standard clinical parameters, self-reported pain and functional status (by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales), 50-foot walk time, 2 global scales, and direct and indirect medical costs. Results. At 3 months of followup, there were no significant between-group differences in pain, self-reported and observed functional status, and patient and “blinded” physician global assessments. The arthroscopic procedure cost $3,840 more than did closedneedle joint lavage. After 1 year, there were no between-group differences in medication costs, utilization of medical services, or indirect costs related to employment or use of household help. After 1 year, 44% of subjects who underwent arthroscopy reported improvement and 58% of subjects who underwent joint lavage improved. Patients with tears of the anterior two-thirds of the medial meniscus or any lateral meniscus tear had a higher probability of improvement (by “blinded” physician assessment) after arthroscopic surgery (0.63) than did patients with other intraarticular pathology (0.20). Conclusion. The search for and removal of soft tissue abnormalities via arthroscopic surgery does not appear justified for all patients with non—end-stage OA of the knee who fail to respond to conservative therapy, but it may be beneficial for certain subgroups.
Investing in the Political Beyond

In this article, the author employs performative writing to explore the complications and contradictions that inhere in the experience of audiencing our nation's investment in the war in the Middle East. The question of how we can know the truth given the prevalence of rhetorical spin from politicians and pundits coupled with the brute fact of the loss of so many American lives is considered.
A gold nanoparticle/latex microsphere-based colorimetric oligonucleotide detection method

An exceptionally simple and effective DNA detection methodology based on latex microsphere and gold nanoparticle probes has been developed. The latex and gold particle probes, which were functionalized with separate oligonucleotide sequences, undergo hybridization in the presence of target strands that are complementary to both of the probes. Duplex formation thus results in linking of gold nanoparticles to the latex microspheres and a corresponding white-to-red color change, which, because of the particularly large extinction coefficient of the gold nanoparticles, is clearly visible to the naked eye. Background signal caused by unbound gold nanoparticles is significantly reduced by filtering the solution containing the sample and probes through a size-selective cellulose acetate membrane. The unbound gold probes move freely through this membrane while the larger latex particles are trapped. Therefore, if the latex and gold nanoparticles are joined together via the target oligonucleotides, the membrane appears red, indicating a positive test result. If no hybridization takes place, the membrane appears white, indicating a negative result. The lower detection limits for this system are 500 pM for a 24 base single-stranded target and 2.5 nM for a duplex target oligonucleotide.
Modulation of store-operated ca2+ entry by cyclic-ADP-ribose

Store-operated Ca2+ entry plays an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis in cells but the mechanisms of control of these channels are not completely understood. We describe an investigation of the role of the CD38-cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR)-ryanodine-channel (RyR) signaling pathway in store-operated Ca2+ entry in human smooth muscle. We observed that human myometrial cells have a functional store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism. Furthermore, we observed the presence of transient receptor potential 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ion channels in human myometrial cells. Store-operated Ca2+ transient was inhibited by at least 50-70% by several inhibitors of the RyR, including ryanodine (10 µM), dantrolene (10 µM), and ruthenium red (10 µM). Furthermore, the cell permeable inhibitor of the cADPR-system, 8-Br-cADPR (100 µM), is a potent inhibitor of the store-operated entry, decreasing the store operated entry by 80%. Pre-incubation of cells with 100 µM cADPR and the hydrolysis-resistant cADPR analog 3-deaza-cADPR (50 µM), but not with ADP-ribose (ADPR) leads to a 1.6-fold increase in the store-operated Ca2+ transient. In addition, we observed that nicotinamide (1-10 mM), an inhibitor of cADPR synthesis, also leads to inhibition of the store-operated Ca2+ transient by 50-80%. Finally, we observed that the transient receptor potential channels, RyR, and CD38 can be co-immunoprecipitated, indicating that they interact in vivo. Our observations clearly implicate the CD38-cADPR-ryanodine signaling pathway in the regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry in human smooth muscle cells.
Foraging in a patchy environment: prey-encounter rate and residence time distributions

Small bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, foraging among patches in the laboratory did not search systematically within a patch; their intercapture intervals did not differ from a model of random prey encounter within a patch. Patch-residence time, number of prey eaten, and giving-up time (time between last prey capture and leaving the patch) were measured for bluegills foraging in two different three-patch 'environments' (a constant environment, in which each patch began with the same number of prey and a variable environment, in which two patches began with low prey density and one patch with high prey density). When compared with three decision rules a forager may use to determine when to leave a patch, the data most closely agreed with predictions from a 'constant residence time' rule. Bluegills responded to changes in the distribution of prey among patches, but not by using different decision rules. There was qualitative, but not quantitative, agreement with a model of random residence times. The total number of prey eaten by a bluegill during a foraging bout was similar to the number predicted from a model of random search and random residence times.
Design and evaluation of network reconfiguration protocols for mostly-off sensor networks

A new class of sensor network applications is mostly-off. Exemplified by Intel's FabApp, in these applications the network alternates between being off for hours or weeks, then activating to collect data for a few minutes. While configuration of traditional sensornet applications is occasional and so need not be optimized, these applications may spend half their active time in reconfiguration every time when they wake up. Therefore, new approaches are required to efficiently ''resume'' a sensor network that has been ''suspended'' for long time. This paper focuses on the key question of when the network can determine that all nodes are awake and ready to communicate. Existing approaches assume worst-case clock drift, and so must conservatively wait for minutes before starting an application. We propose two reconfiguration protocols to largely reduce the energy cost during the process. The first approach is low-power listening with flooding, where the network restarts quickly by flooding a control message as soon as the first node determines that the whole network is up. The second protocol uses local update with suppression, where nodes only notify their one-hop neighbors, avoiding the cost of flooding. Both protocols are fully distributed algorithms. Through analysis, simulation and testbed experiments, we show that both protocols are more energy efficient than current approaches. Flooding works best in sparse networks with six neighbors or less, while local update with suppression works best in dense networks (more than six neighbors).
Biomechanical model to assess injury reduction during impact

This paper implements a biomechanical model and actual tipover trajectory data to assess the risk of head and neck injuries in standup forklift accidents. Seven accident scenarios were analyzed for right tipover, left tipover and off-dock accidents both with and without a door on the operator compartment. Each model had specific data including human anthropometry and trajectory input into the modeling and analysis software packages, Visual-Safe MAD and MADYMO. For all three accident scenarios, each of the seven biomechanical models was analyzed for Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) including angular velocity (omega, ω), angular acceleration (alpha, a), Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Neck Injury Criterion - shear, tension and bending (NIC) and the biomechanical Neck Injury Predictor (Ny). The study concluded that, in general, the addition of a door to the standup forklift operator compartment leads to a reduction in injury during tipover and off-dock accidents. The ability to brace for impact is not included in these MADYMO models. Bracing is far more effective with an enclosed compartment provided by a latching rear door.
INFALL OF MATTER INTO GALAXIES.

THE concept discussed by R. B. Larson1 that infall of matter into galaxies from their coronae or from intergalactic space may play an important role in the structure and evolution of galaxies and their nuclei was clearly anticipated in a paper presented in 1963 at the Canberra-Sydney IAU Symposium on the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds2. I wrote then “It is tempting to regard such nuclei (of galaxies) as the foci of convergence, or injection points of the infalling gas from the galactic corona. … The motion may be visualized as a double vortex funnelling coronal matter toward the nucleus. The infalling of the gas need not be limited to the nuclear region, but may occur with progressively reduced intensity (both as to density and velocity) at increasing distances from the centre. Possibly the low-intensity components of the 21-cm line observed in high galactic latitudes at predominantly negative velocities are, at least in part, evidence for the postulated circulation”2.
EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE CONCENTRATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN THE ADRENALS OF THE RAT1

SINCE THE ISOLATION of ascorbic acid from the adrenal cortex by Szent-Gyorgyi, special importance has been attached to its high concentration in this organ. Numerous investigations have been made in an effort to determine the significance of its occurrence there in relation to adrenal-cortical function. In patients with Addison2s disease, and in animals with adrenal insufficiency, the administration of vitamin C, either alone or combined with adrenccortical extracts, has failed to show a therapeutic effect. Reports in the literature seem to indicate that the concentration of ascorbic acid in the adrenals may be an index of its activity. Leblond (I) has observed that the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats contains only 45 per cent of the normal amount of ascorbic acid 3 months after operation, and similar values were reported by Bowman, Morris and Stacy (2). The low concentration of ascorbic acid after hypophysectomy may be an index of the decreased metabolic activity in the
Reverse or inverted left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (reverse Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) in a young woman in the setting of amphetamine use

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome was first described in Japan as “Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.” This syndrome has been identified in many other countries. Many variations of this syndrome have been recently described in the literature. One of the rarest is the reverse type of this syndrome, with hyperdynamic apex and complete akinesia of the base (as opposed to the classic apical ballooning). In this article, we report an interesting case of a young woman who presented with this rare type of reverse apical ballooning syndrome occurring after amphetamine use. This report is followed by review of the literature.
Seasonal Predictions Using a Regional Spectral Model Embedded within a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

Abstract This paper describes a new climate model and its potential application to the study of ENSO impacts. The model is a regional spectral model embedded within a global coupled ocean–atmosphere model. The atmospheric part of the model consists of a global spectral model with triangular truncation T63 and a nested regional spectral model. The regional model is a relocatable spectral perturbation model that can be run at any horizontal resolution. In this paper the regional model was run with a resolution of 40 km. The global atmosphere model is coupled to the Max Planck global ocean model. No flux correction or anomaly coupling is used. An ensemble of 120-day integrations was conducted using the coupled nested system for the boreal winters of 1987 and 1988. A control integration was also performed in which observed SSTs were used in both the global and regional models. Two domains were chosen for the regional model: the southeast United States and western North America. Results from the global models ...
Factor Analysis of the Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale for Children in Head Start Programs

Strength-based assessment of behaviors in preschool children provides evidence of emotional and behavioral skills in children, rather than focusing primarily on weaknesses identified by deficit-based assessments. The Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scales (PreBERS) is a normative assessment of emotional and behavioral strengths in preschool children. The PreBERS has well-established reliability and validity for typically developing children as well as children with identified special education needs, but this has not yet been established for children in Head Start programs, who tend to be at high risk for development of emotional and behavioral concerns. This study explores the factorial validity of the PreBERS scores for a large sample of children participating in Head Start programs around the United States. Results not only confirm the fit of the four-factor model of the PreBERS for this population, but also demonstrate the application of a bifactor model to the structure of the PreBERS which...
Secretoglobin 3A2 Exhibits Anti-Fibrotic Activity in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Model Mice

Objective Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a novel lung-enriched cytokine, previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities. The latter activity was demonstrated using exogenously-administered recombinant SCGB3A2 in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Whether SCGB3A2 exhibits anti-fibrotic activity in vivo is not known. Methods Mice null for the Scgb3a2 gene were subjected to the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis determined using histological and biochemical methods. Results BLM treatment caused weight loss of both Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mice, however, the loss was far more pronounced in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null than wild-type mice, and the weight of day 21 of BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mice was about half of that of BLM-treated wild-type mice. Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and Sirius Red staining of lung sections, Ashcroft fibrosis scores, hydroxyproline contents, and the levels of mRNAs encoding various collagens demonstrated that BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs had more severe fibrosis than those of wild-type mouse lungs. Total and differential inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and levels of lung mRNAs including those encoding Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and profibrotic cytokines such as TGFβ were higher in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs as compared to those of wild-type mouse lungs. In contrast, mRNAs encoding surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D, and SCGB1A1 did not differ between BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mouse lungs. Conclusion The role of SCGB3A2 in fibrosis was revisited using Scgb3a2-null mice and littermate controls in the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. The pulmonary fibrosis in the Scgb3a2-null mice was more severe than the wild-type controls, thus establishing that SCGB3A2 has anti-fibrotic activity in vivo. Importantly, surfactant proteins and SCGB1A1 appear not to be involved in the susceptibility of Scgb3a2-null mice to BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Yoga Therapy in Rehabilitation: How Might the Professions Work Side by Side in the Rehabilitation Setting?

In the Western world, rehabilitation has traditionally been the domain of therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language therapy. It is time to start thinking about how Yoga therapy can take its place among the therapies that traditionally are found in rehabilitation departments at hospitals and other facilities. In this perspective, I will outline one way in which Yoga therapy might be incorporated throughout all phases of the rehabilitation process.
Unexpected reactivity of 2-fluorolinalyl diphosphate in the active site of crystalline 2-methylisoborneol synthase.

The crystal structure of 2-methylisoborneol synthase (MIBS) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been determined in its unliganded state and in complex with two Mg2+ ions and 2-fluoroneryl diphosphate at 1.85 and 2.00 A resolution, respectively. Under normal circumstances, MIBS catalyzes the cyclization of the naturally occurring, noncanonical 11-carbon isoprenoid substrate, 2-methylgeranyl diphosphate, which first undergoes an ionization–isomerization–ionization sequence through the tertiary diphosphate intermediate 2-methyllinalyl diphosphate to enable subsequent cyclization chemistry. MIBS does not exhibit catalytic activity with 2-fluorogeranyl diphosphate, and we recently reported the crystal structure of MIBS complexed with this unreactive substrate analogue [Koksal, M., Chou, W. K. W., Cane, D. E., Christianson, D. W. (2012) Biochemistry 51, 3011–3020]. However, cocrystallization of MIBS with the fluorinated analogue of the tertiary allylic diphosphate intermediate, 2-fluorolinalyl diphosphate, r...
Sleepy Time for Tumor Cells

We know that general anesthetics can stop pretty much anyone in their tracks—but what about cancer cells? For a cancer to metastasize, tumor cells must first break through the network of fibers and polysaccharides that provides structural support for healthy cells—the extracellular matrix. This
Time/Amplitude warping based on multiscale optimization

We introduce an efficient time/amplitude warping tool, which was originally developed for registration-based waveform inversion. Time and amplitude warping functions are modeled with piecewise cubic polynomials and they are obtained by solving a nonconvex optimization problem iteratively in a multiscale fashion from low to high frequencies. In order to seed the frequency sweep at zero frequency, low frequency augmented signals are used for the optimization problem. Such low frequency augmented signals are generated via nonlinear transformations. We investigate the effect of different low frequency augmented signals on optimization. We also demonstrate time/amplitude warping of complicated seismic traces and applications of time warping to 4D data.
Clinicopathological features of bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features of bone marrow (BM) metastasis of neuroblastoma (NB). Methods Twenty-three cases of neuroblastoma with bone marrow metastasis were reviewed and studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Results There were three morphological types of BM metastasis of NB, microinvasive, moderately invasive and diffusely invasive pattern. CgA/NSE immunohistochemical staining was needed for confirming the metastatic neuroblastic cells in microinvasion. Conclusions It is important to combine clinicopathological characteristics with immunohistochemical results to obtain the highest yield of detection of metastasis and to differentiate it from rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia.
Toxocara larva migrans now.

It has been nearly 4 decades since Paul Beaver and others first identified Toxocara larvae as the cause of a common disease in children. Our knowledge of the frequency and type of illness produced by Toxocara ssp. has increased greatly during this time. Although under-recognized and under-reported, toxocaral larva migran is now recognized as a widespread and common human infection. Among helminth infections in developed countries, it is perhaps second in frequency only to pinworm. Potential etiologic agents of larva migrans syndromes include a wide range of zoonotic helminths. Toxocara canis and T. cati, the common ascarids of dogs and cats, are incriminated most frequently, at least in temperate climates. This is a result of many factors including the high frequency of pet ownership, the high prevalence of Toxocara species in dogs and cats, and the long persistence of infective Toxocara eggs in the environment.1-3 Widespread environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs, the attraction of children to the animals and their environment, and the play habits of children combine to facilitate human infection with Toxocara ssp.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Spinal Subdural Hematoma Due to Acute CSF Hypotension

Intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) are rare complications of spine surgery, thought to be precipitated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypotension in the setting of an intraoperative durotomy or postoperative CSF leak. Considerable clinical variability has been reported, requiring a high level of clinical suspicion in patients with a new, unexplained neurologic deficit after spine surgery. Case report. An 84-year-old man developed symptomatic spinal stenosis with bilateral lower extremity pseudoclaudication. He underwent L3-5 laminectomy at an outside institution, complicated by a small, incidental, unrepairable intraoperative durotomy. On postoperative day 2, he became confused; and head CT demonstrated intracranial SAH with blood products along the superior cerebellum and bilateral posterior Sylvian fissures. He was transferred to our neurosciences ICU for routine SAH care, with improvement in encephalopathy over several days of supportive care. On postoperative day 10, the patient developed new bilateral lower extremity weakness; MRI of the lumbar spine demonstrated worsening acute spinal SDH above the laminectomy defect, from L4-T12. He was taken to the OR for decompression, at which time a complex 1.5-cm lumbar durotomy was identified and repaired primarily. We report the first case of simultaneous intracranial SAH and spinal SDH attributable to postoperative CSF hypotension in the setting of a known intraoperative durotomy. Although rare, each of these entities has the potential to precipitate a poor neurologic outcome, which may be mitigated by early recognition and treatment.
A high performance, low-noise 128-channel readout integrated circuit for instrumentation and X-ray applications

Indigo Operations, subdivision of FLIR Systems, has designed, fabricated, and tested a mixed-signal readout integrated circuit (ROIC), the ISC9717, for instrumentation and flat panel X-ray applications. This off-the-shelf, high performance, low-noise, 128-channel device is fully programmable with a multistage pipelined architecture and a 9 to 14-bit programmable A/D converter per channel, making it suitable for numerous instrumentation detector types, especially for X-ray imaging applications. Each 80-micron pitch amplification channel includes a low noise integrator, a low pass filter with programmable time constant, a correlated double sampling to remove kTC and 1/f noise, and a programmable A/D converter (9 to 14-bit). Both integrator and correlated double sampling have programmable gains to cover a wide range of input signal dynamic range. The ISC9717 integrates both charge polarities, making it suitable for silicon (Si), amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detector materials and selenium (Se) or cesium iodide (CsI) flat panel arrays. The ROIC is designed to interface along one or two sides of the detector or flat panels like TFT, where ROICs are abutted, each reading out charge from pixels multiplexed on to 128 read lines.
Mass Exodus from Oklahoma? Immigrants and Latinos Stay and Weather a State of Capture

Oklahoma is at the forefront of restrictive immigration policies sweeping the country. Since 2007, the Sooner State has enacted a series of policies designed to reduce the number of immigrants in the state. Is there evidence that such policies succeeded in creating an immigrant exodus? Despite widely-cited accounts of massive flights from the state, government data suggests that most Latinos and immigrants—with the possible exception of unattached Latinos—have stayed in Oklahoma. Those who choose to withstand a hostile climate also undertake strategies to evade detection and arrest, live in a ‘state of capture,’ and risk encountering the encroaching reach of law enforcement in order to make a living. These strategies can partially account for the perception of a mass exodus.
Public Rule of Law

This paper was delivered as the keynote address at the inaugural conference of the International Society for Public Law, in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, on 26 June, 2014. It develops an understanding of public law that takes seriously both the idea of public governance and the idea of individual parties as members of the public. And it outlines an understanding of the rule of law that matches these public-spirited conceptions.
Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure

Abstract We study the effects of nucleon substructure on bulk observables in proton-lead collisions at the LHC using Bayesian methodology. Substructure is added to the TRENTo parametric initial condition model using Gaussian nucleons with a variable number of Gaussian partons. We vary the number and width of these partons while recovering the desired inelastic proton-proton cross section and ensemble averaged proton density. We then run the model through a large number of minimum bias hydrodynamic simulations and measure the response of final particle production and azimuthal particle correlations to initial state properties. Once these response functions are determined, we calibrate free parameters of the model using established Bayesian methodology. We comment on the implied viability of the partonic model for describing hydrodynamic behavior in small systems.