cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polarized view of supercooled liquid water clouds

Abstract Supercooled liquid water (SLW) clouds, where liquid droplets exist at temperatures below 0°C present a well-known aviation hazard through aircraft icing, in which SLW accretes on the airframe. SLW clouds are common over the Southern Ocean, and climate-induced changes in their occurrence is thought to constitute a strong cloud feedback on global climate. The two recent NASA field campaigns POlarimeter Definition EXperiment (PODEX, based in Palmdale, California, January–February 2013) and Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS, based in Houston, Texas in August–September 2013) provided a unique opportunity to observe SLW clouds from the high-altitude airborne platform of NASA's ER-2 aircraft. We present an analysis of measurements made by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) during these experiments accompanied by correlative retrievals from other sensors. The RSP measures both polarized and total reflectance in 9 spectral channels with wavelengths ranging from 410 to 2250 nm. It is a scanning sensor taking samples at 0.8° intervals within 60° from nadir in both forward and backward directions. This unique angular resolution allows for characterization of liquid water droplet size using the rainbow structure observed in the polarized reflectances in the scattering angle range between 135° and 165°. Simple parametric fitting algorithms applied to the polarized reflectance provide retrievals of the droplet effective radius and variance assuming a prescribed size distribution shape (gamma distribution). In addition to this, we use a non-parametric method, Rainbow Fourier Transform (RFT), which allows retrieval of the droplet size distribution without assuming a size distribution shape. We present an overview of the RSP campaign datasets available from the NASA GISS website, as well as two detailed examples of the retrievals. In these case studies we focus on cloud fields with spatial features varying between glaciated and liquid phases at altitudes as high as 10 km, which correspond to temperatures close to the homogeneous freezing temperature of pure water drops (about -35°C or colder). The multimodal droplet size distributions retrieved from RSP data in these cases are consistent with the multi-layer cloud structure observed by correlative Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) measurements.
Estimates on derivatives and logarithmic derivatives of holomorphic functions and Picard's theorem

Abstract This paper gives, in an elementary way, estimates on derivatives and logarithmic derivatives of holomorphic functions and then, as an application, a brief proof of Picard's theorem.
Tackling CO Poisoning with Single-Atom Alloy Catalysts

Platinum catalysts are extensively used in the chemical industry and as electrocatalysts in fuel cells. Pt is notorious for its sensitivity to poisoning by strong CO adsorption. Here we demonstrate that the single-atom alloy (SAA) strategy applied to Pt reduces the binding strength of CO while maintaining catalytic performance. By using surface sensitive studies, we determined the binding strength of CO to different Pt ensembles, and this in turn guided the preparation of PtCu alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The atomic ratio Pt:Cu = 1:125 yielded a SAA which exhibited excellent CO tolerance in H2 activation, the key elementary step for hydrogenation and hydrogen electro-oxidation. As a probe reaction, the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethene was performed under flow conditions on the SAA NPs supported on alumina without activity loss in the presence of CO. The ability to maintain reactivity in the presence of CO is vital to other industrial reaction systems, such as hydrocarbon oxidation, electrochem...
Decoupling level: a new metric for architectural maintenance complexity

Despite decades of research on software metrics, we still cannot reliably measure if one design is more maintainable than another. Software managers and architects need to understand whether their software architecture is "good enough", whether it is decaying over time and, if so, by how much. In this paper, we contribute a new architecture maintainability metric---Decoupling Level (DL)---derived from Baldwin and Clark's option theory. Instead of measuring how coupled an architecture is, we measure how well the software can be decoupled into small and independently replaceable modules. We measured the DL for 108 open source projects and 21 industrial projects, each of which has multiple releases. Our main result shows that the larger the DL, the better the architecture. By "better" we mean: the more likely bugs and changes can be localized and separated, and the more likely that developers can make changes independently. The DL metric also opens the possibility of quantifying canonical principles of single responsibility and separation of concerns, aiding cross-project comparison and architecture decay monitoring.
Bovine versus rat adrenal chromaffin cells: big differences in BK potassium channel properties.

Both bovine and rat adrenal chromaffin cells have served as pioneering model systems in cellular neurophysiology, including in the study of large conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent K+ (BK) ...
The Holistic Body and Mind

In the wellbeing domain, ill health is frequently understood as a matter transcending the biomedical emphasis on physiological symptoms. Forms of alternative medicine are, furthermore, argued to be different from conventional medicine because of the attention paid to the whole person: body, mind and spirit. The endeavour to address more than the biomedical body rests on conceptualizing individuals, in illness and in health, holistically; people are understood as interconnected beings, complex creatures consisting of a body that is intertwined with a mind and, at times, with a spirit. Not only are the mind, the body and the spirit viewed as interlinked. Connections with the broader environment and other people are seen to matter as well. This holistic manner of conceptualizing a person is also often argued to generate more comprehensive insight into the causes, and cures, of illness.
Evaluation of performance and opportunities for improvements in automotive power electronics systems

Thermal management strategies for automotive power electronic systems have evolved over time to reduce system cost and to improve reliability and thermal performance. In this study, we characterized the power electronic thermal management systems of two electric-drive vehicles—the 2012 Nissan LEAF and 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid. Tests were conducted to measure the insulated-gate bipolar transistor-to-coolant thermal resistances for both steady-state and transient conditions at various coolant flow rates. Water-ethylene glycol at a temperature of 65°C was used as the coolant for these experiments. Computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis models of the vehicle's power electronics thermal management system were then created and validated using experimentally obtained results. Results indicate that the Accord module provides lower steady-state thermal resistance as compared with the LEAF module. However, the LEAF design may provide improved performance in transient conditions and may have cost benefits.
The absence of p53 during Human Cytomegalovirus infection leads to decreased UL53 expression, disrupting UL50 localization to the inner nuclear membrane, and thereby inhibiting capsid nuclear egress

Our electron microscopy study (Kuan et al., 2016) found HCMV nuclear capsid egress was significantly reduced in p53 knockout cells (p53KOs), correlating with inhibited formation of infoldings of the inner nuclear membrane (IINMs). Molecular examination of these phenomena has found p53KOs expressed UL97 and phosphorylated lamins, however the lamina failed to remodel. The nuclear egress complex (NEC) protein UL50 was expressed in almost all cells. UL50 re-localized to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) in ~90% of wt cells, but only ~35% of p53KOs. UL53 expression was significantly reduced in p53KOs, and cells lacking UL50 nuclear staining, expressed no UL53. Re-introduction of p53 into p53KOs largely recovered UL53 positivity and UL50 nuclear re-localization. Nuclear rim located UL50/53 puncta, which co-localized with the major capsid protein, were largely absent in p53KOs. We believe these puncta were IINMs. In the absence of p53, UL53 expression was inhibited, disrupting formation of the NEC/IINMs, and reducing functional virion secretion.
In Conclusion: Comparative Assessment of Race, Crime and Criminal Justice in International Perspectives

This book opened with a focus on race using two broad categories — white (European descent) and non-white (non-European descent) — for emphasis. Whites are identifiable by their physical characteristics. Non-whites compose a range of racial groups that can be visually categorized according to similarities of physical appearance shared by each racial group. The above few lines of a description of ‘race’ may seem elementary since common knowledge of this fact about human variations may seem to render this basic tutorial unnecessary. But I deem this piece of information important because it points to the role of marked physical features — primarily skin color — as a crucial starting point in the negotiation of interactions between people who share similar or different physical characteristics. Within this framework, the purpose of the book was to use visible physical characteristics as a base for assessing any differentials or similarities in how crime is interpreted and responded to in the various countries covered in this book.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Flagella Are Required for Broiler Skin Adhesion and Caco-2 Cell Invasion.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella are the main source of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the poultry industry. Recently, Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky has been recognized as the most prominent serovar on carcasses in poultry processing plants. Previous studies showed that flagella are one of the main factors that contribute to bacterial attachment to broiler skin. However, the precise role of flagella and mechanism of attachment are unknown. There are two different flagella subunits ( fliC and fljB ) expressed alternatively in Salmonella enterica serovars using phase variation. Here, by making deletions in genes encoding flagella structural subunits ( flgK, fliC , and fljB ), and flagellar motor ( motA ), we were able to differentiate the role of flagella and its rotary motion in colonization of broiler skin and cellular attachment. Utilizing a broiler skin assay, we demonstrated that the presence of FliC is necessary for attachment to broiler skin. Expression of the alternative flagella subunit FljB enables Salmonella motility, but this subunit is unable to mediate tight attachment. Deletion of the flgK gene prevents proper flagella assembly, making Salmonella significantly less adherent to broiler skin compared to wild type. S . Kentucky with deletions in all three structural genes fliC , fljB , and flgK , as well as a flagellar motor mutant ( motA ), exhibited less adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells, while a fljB mutant was as adherent and invasive as the wild type strain. IMPORTANCE In this work, we answered clearly the role of flagella in S. Kentucky attachment to the chicken skin and Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that the presence of FliC is necessary for attachment to broiler skin. Expression of the alternative flagella subunit FljB enables Salmonella motility, but this subunit is unable to mediate strong attachment. Deletion of the flgK gene prevents proper flagella assembly, making Salmonella significantly less adherent to broiler skin compared to wild type. S. Kentucky with deletions in all three structural genes fliC , fljB , and flgK , as well as a flagellar motor mutant ( motA ), exhibited less adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells, while a fljB mutant was as adherent and invasive as the wild type strain. We expect these results will contribute understanding of Salmonella attachment mechanisms to food products.
PTH-082 Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Infliximab to Originator Infliximab in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Introduction CT-P13 is the biosimilar Infliximab approved for use in Europe and it is marketed in the UK in two brand names, Remsima (NAPP pharmaceuticals) and Inflectra (Hospira pharmaceuticals). We have compared the efficacy and safety of biosimilar Infliximab to the originator Infliximab (Remicade, MSD Immunology) in our clinical practice. Methods Clinical and laboratory data of patients receiving Infliximab from January 2015 to October 2015 was collected from patient records and electronic case records. Results We have used biosimilar Infliximab (Inflectra) for all new starters of Infliximab treatment in our unit since July 2015. 24 patients (18 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 6 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) were started on Inflectra this year. 17 patients (15 patients with Crohn’s disease and 2 with ulcerative colitis) were started on Remicade from January to July this year. A total of 72 Inflectra infusions were administered compared to 96 infusions of Remicade. Median number of infusions per patient was 3 and 6 respectively for Inflectra and Remicade. 1 patient receiving Inflectra had a major infusion reaction needing a switch of treatment to Adalimumab. This was comparable to the incidence of major infusion reaction in patients receiving Remicade (1/17). Clinical remission was achieved in 7/11 (64%) patients receiving Inflectra treatment. 8/15 (53%) children with Crohn’s disease on treatment with Remicade achieved clinical remission. 3/6 (50%) patients with UC achieved clinical remission using Inflectra. 1/2 (50%) patients with UC on Remicade achieved clinical remission. Cost of Inflectra is less than that of Remicade (100 mg vial of Inflectra costs approximately £210 and 100 mg vial of Remicade costs approximately £350). Results are summarised in Table 1. Conclusion In our clinical practice, the efficacy and safety of biosimilar Infliximab (Inflectra) is comparable to the originator Infliximab with significant cost savings offered by the use of biosimilar Infliximab. Disclosure of Interest R. Muhammed Grant/research support from: MSD immunology, Abbvie, Takeda, Speaker bureau with: Abbvie, Dr Falk, Conflict with: MSD Immunology, Takeda, Pfizer, Dr Falk, Nestle, T. Wong: None Declared, W. Haller: None Declared, S. Protheroe Grant/research support from: Tillotts Pharma, L. Whyte: None Declared, R. Bremner: None Declared
Anisotropy induced anomalies in Dy1−xTbxAl2

The Dy1−xTbxAl2 alloys have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, heat capacity, and magnetic measurements. All samples exhibit cubic Laves phase crystal structure at room temperature but at TC, DyAl2 and TbAl2 show tetragonal and rhombohedral distortions, respectively. First order phase transitions are observed below TC (at the spin-reorientation transition, TSR) in the alloys with 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.35. These transitions are signified by sharp heat capacity peaks and corresponding anomalies in the magnetization and ac magnetic susceptibility data. The observations are interpreted by taking into consideration the differences in easy magnetization directions of DyAl2 and TbAl2. Due to the competing magnetic structures, the anisotropy-related instability and magnetic frustrations are prominent in the Dy1−xTbxAl2 alloys at certain concentrations resulting in the first order transitions.
Balaguer, novel·lesc

Agermanar poesia i historia es una pretensio del Victor Balaguer historiador i del Victor Balaguer narrador. Aixo no vol dir que no faci distincions entre fabulacio i report de fets historics, com una certa historiografia i una certa critica antiromantiques ens fan creure. Un recorregut per la seva produccio narrativa de la primera epoca (dels anys quaranta a finals dels seixanta) permet fer algunes precisions sobre allo que enten com a poetitzacio de la Historia. Es postul·la en aquest article, sobre assercions del mateix autor, que Balaguer es un escriptor d’exclusiva mentalitat historica, abocat a destriar allo que es poetic en els episodis del passat i poc propens a confiar, quan se li retreuen deficits de veracitat historica, en les armes de la fabulacio lliure, d’altra banda usada per bastir un mite poderos com el de Joan de Serrallonga.
Stress constrained thermo-elastic topology optimization with varying temperature fields via augmented topological sensitivity based level-set

Engineering structures must often be designed to resist thermally induced stresses. Significant progress has been made on the design of such structures through thermo-elastic topology optimization. However, a computationally efficient framework to handle stress-constrained large-scale problems is lacking. The main contribution of this paper is to address this limitation. In particular, a unified topological-sensitivity (TS) based level-set approach is presented in this paper for optimizing thermo-elastic structures subject to non-uniform temperatures. The TS fields for various thermo-elastic objectives are derived, and, to address multiple constraints, an augmented Lagrangian method is developed to explore Pareto topologies. Numerical examples demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework to solve large-scale design problems. Comparison is made between pure elastic problems, and its thermo-elastic counterpart, shedding light on the influence of thermo-elastic coupling on optimized topologies.
From Absence to Presence

As a long-time student of memory and identity as well as the son of a 90-year old woman with dementia, I have had a remarkable opportunity to try to understand and narrate the trajectory of her experience. The process has been difficult. The fact that she is my mother, and has suffered, is one reason.
Interacting networks of brain regions underlie human spatial navigation: a review and novel synthesis of the literature.

Navigation is an inherently dynamic and multimodal process, making isolation of the unique cognitive components underlying it challenging. The assumptions of much of the literature on human spatial...
Keynote speakers Tuesday 12 th September 2017

Location is at center of the most exciting and innovative technologies emerging today. Along with traditional applications, GIS is fundamental to the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, social media analysis, and the sharing economy. Leveraging hardware, software, cloud computing, big data and analytics, these technologies involves a broad spectrum of expertise including software development, computer networking and mobile technologies. Many disciplines and business sectors have location analytics at their core and from healthcare, to efficient routing in delivery systems, to environmental management, to deciding where to locate the next Starbucks, the impact of GIS is ever-present. Dan's presentation will give a brief overview of GIS concepts, discuss its influence on existing and emerging applications and describe some of his own research and projects in healthcare, environmental conservation, and criminal justice.
Data-driven simulation for healthcare facility utilization modeling and evaluation

Utilization evaluation for healthcare facilities such as hospitals and nursing homes is crucial for providing high quality healthcare services in various communities. In this paper, a data-driven simulation framework integrating statistical modeling and agent-based simulation (ABS) is proposed to evaluate the utilization of various healthcare facilities. A Bayesian modeling approach is proposed to model the relationship between heterogeneous individuals' characteristics and time to readmission in the hospital and nursing home. An ABS model is developed to model the dynamically changing health conditions of individuals and readmission/discharge events. The individuals are modeled as agents in the ABS model, and their time to readmission and length of stay are driven by the developed Bayesian individualized models. An application based on Florida's Medicare and Medicaid claims data demonstrates that the proposed framework can effectively evaluate the healthcare facility utilization under various scenarios.
Anticoagulation and Mortality Rates among Hospitalized Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased rate of mortality, heart failure, and stroke. We conducted an observational study to assess the relationship between anticoagulation and adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with AF. We performed a 5,000-consecutive-patient retrospective cohort analysis of anticoagulation prescription and 90-day outcomes in patients with AF hospitalized at Brigham and Women's Hospital from May 2008 to September 2014. All-cause mortality at 90 days was 5.4%. The frequency of death between hospital discharge and day 90 was lower in patients who were anticoagulated at discharge (2.8 vs. 7.1%, p
Real analysis and probability

This classic textbook offers a clear exposition of modern probability theory and of the interplay between the properties of metric spaces and probability measures. The first half of the book gives an exposition of real analysis: basic set theory, general topology, measure theory, integration, an introduction to functional analysis in Banach and Hilbert spaces, convex sets and functions and measure on topological spaces. The second half introduces probability based on measure theory, including laws of large numbers, ergodic theorems, the central limit theorem, conditional expectations and martingale's convergence. A chapter on stochastic processes introduces Brownian motion and the Brownian bridge. The edition has been made even more self-contained than before; it now includes a foundation of the real number system and the Stone-Weierstrass theorem on uniform approximation in algebras of functions. Several other sections have been revised and improved, and the comprehensive historical notes have been further amplified. A number of new exercises have been added, together with hints for solution.
Hypergravity effects on pregnancy and parturition

Responses of Hoffman (H)-reflex in human soleus to changes in the levels of gravity, activities of skeletal muscles, and/or fluid distribution of lower limbs during the parabolic flight of a jet airplane and/or using a tilting table were studied. The time interval between the electrical stimulation and the appearance of either M- or H-wave and the amplitude of M-wave were not influenced by the changes in gravity and fluid distribution levels. However, the H-wave amplitude was increased when the subjects were exposed to microgravity (microgravity-G). Hypergravity at 1.5- or 2-G had no effect on the H-wave amplitude. The H-reflex had no relation with the changes of electromyogram activities of skeletal muscles and fluid volume in lower limbs. Further, the H-wave amplitude was even decreased insignificantly when the distribution of lower limb fluid was reduced at head-down position on the table. It is suggested that an acute exposure to microgravity-G increases the excitability of soleus motor pool, but the mechanism is still unclear.
Some Diseases of Dogs and Cats Transmissible to Man

In the field of public health the veterinarian plays an important role in the prevention of the spread of diseases from animals to man. Not only for his own protection but for protection of his clients and the livestock of his clients, the veterinarian should be familiar with the diseases of the cat and dog and the part these animals play in transmitting infections to man and other animals. Although there are diseases which are peculiar only to the cat and dog, these pets are also...
Axonal Transport and ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable disease characterized by the degeneration and death of motor neurons. Both sporadic and inherited forms of ALS follow a common pathogenic pathway, which is still not well understood. One hypothesis that may explain the motor neuron-specific cell death observed in ALS patients is that motor neurons are uniquely sensitive to defects in axonal transport. Active transport along the axon is driven by microtubule-based motor proteins; recent progress has linked defects in axonal transport to motor neuron-specific cell death in both mouse models and patients with inherited forms of motor neuron disease.
Development of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Laboratory Test Bench with Hardware-in-the-Loop Capabilities

This paper describes the design and development of a laboratory test bench with Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) capabilities for the emulation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV). The practical challenges of developing a HIL test bench for SHEV emulation are discussed. Furthermore, the overall architecture and system component layout as well as the real-time control algorithm for the test bench are presented. Finally, experimental implementation results on a standard drive cycle are presented to validate the overall operation of the test bench.
Independent Roles of Estrogen Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis: Evidence in Young Adult Mice and Older Humans

Estrogen deficiency is a seminal mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Mounting evidence, however, establishes that cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism that drives multiple age-related diseases, also causes osteoporosis. Recently, we systematically identified an accumulation of senescent cells, characterized by increased p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 levels and development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in mouse bone/marrow and human bone with aging. We then demonstrated that elimination of senescent cells prevented age-related bone loss using multiple approaches, eg, treating old mice expressing a "suicide" transgene, INK-ATTAC, with AP20187 to induce apoptosis of p16Ink4a -senescent cells or periodically treating old wild-type mice with "senolytics," ie, drugs that eliminate senescent cells. Here, we investigate a possible role for estrogen in the regulation of cellular senescence using multiple approaches. First, sex steroid deficiency 2 months after ovariectomy (OVX, n = 15) or orchidectomy (ORCH, n = 15) versus sham surgery (SHAM, n = 15/sex) in young adult (4-month-old) wild-type mice did not alter senescence biomarkers or induce a SASP in bone. Next, in elderly postmenopausal women, 3 weeks of estrogen therapy (n = 10; 74 ± 5 years) compared with no treatment (n = 10; 78 ± 5 years) did not alter senescence biomarkers or the SASP in human bone biopsies. Finally, young adult (4-month-old) female INK-ATTAC mice were randomized (n = 17/group) to SHAM+Vehicle, OVX+Vehicle, or OVX+AP20187 for 2 months. As anticipated, OVX+Vehicle caused significant trabecular/cortical bone loss compared with SHAM+Vehicle. However, treatment with AP20187, which eliminates senescent cells in INK-ATTAC mice, did not rescue the OVX-induced bone loss or alter senescence biomarkers. Collectively, our data establish independent roles of estrogen deficiency and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, which has important implications for testing novel senolytics for skeletal efficacy, as these drugs will need to be evaluated in preclinical models of aging as opposed to the current FDA model of prevention of OVX-induced bone loss. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Seed Source Affects Seedling Development and Nitrogen Fixation of Maackia amurensis

Abstract Seeds of Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. were obtained from 38 sources, and 2,393 seedlings were examined for variation in plant growth and development. Mean stem length and number of lea...
2SPD-020 Impact of medicine shortages on an outpatient clinic of a general hospital

Background and importance The incidence of medicine shortages (MS) has increased in the past few years, causing difficulties for clinicians, patients and regulators. MS can occur for many reasons, including manufacturing and quality problems, regulatory issues and business decisions. The role of the pharmacist is essential in their management. Aim and objectives To analyse the MS that have affected the outpatient clinic (OC) between January 2018 and September 2019, and to evaluate their economic impact and effect on the daily work of a hospital pharmacist in a general hospital (280 beds). Material and methods A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out analysing data between January 2018 and September 2019. Data were retrieved from official notifications received by email, the Spanish Medicines Agency (AEMPS) online platform and the Farmatools programme. Variables collected were: drugs with shortage problems, medicines available through the application for management of medicines in special situations (AGMSE) of the AEMPS, MS emails received, orders of foreign medicines and dispensations and time dedicated to managing MS. Results During the study period, 1162 emails about MS were received and revised (average 55 per month). Forty-seven drugs with shortage problems were available through AGMSE as foreign medicines and 39 of them (83%), corresponding to 31 active substances, were managed from the OC: 92.3% of drugs imported, 2.5% performed as magistral preparations and 5.1% dispensed from inpatient stock. A total of 122 medicine orders were done, 6 per month, resulting in a total cost increase of 7643.73€. According to Spanish law, foreign medicines must be provided by hospital pharmacies; therefore, 280 new outpatients who usually collect their medication at the community pharmacy attended the OC (a total of 739 dispensations, 35.19 per month). The average time devoted to shortages in the OC was 10.13 hours per month, 5.15 hours for dispensation and pharmaceutical care activity and 4.85 hours for executing orders, and reception and administrative tasks. Conclusion and relevance MS are time consuming and imply a significant increase in the hospital pharmacist’s activity, mainly focused on administrative responsibilities, adding new drugs in formulary and planning for strategies to maintain the medication supply. Furthermore, this problem implies a higher number of patients attending the OC to collect their medication. References and/or acknowledgements No conflict of interest.
High-School Students Can Stop the Bleed: A Randomized, Controlled Educational Trial.

Abstract Objective To determine high school students’ ability to learn hemorrhage control skills and knowledge via three educational modalities. Background Trauma is the leading cause of death for young Americans, and there are calls to teach children about hemorrhage control. However, little is known about adolescents’ ability to perform hemorrhage control, and the ideal way(s) to teach them. Methods This randomized controlled trial enrolled high-school students from 39 states at a 2019 national conference. After answering questions about their willingness to use tourniquets, participants received hemorrhage control education in one of three formats: instructor-led, web-only, or blended (combining web and instructor-led). Participants were then assessed on their ability to apply a tourniquet and to identify wounds that require a tourniquet. Finally, they completed an attitude questionnaire. Results 204 (82%) of 248 participants applied a tourniquet correctly: 72 (88%) instructor-led, 50 (61%) web-only, and 79 (94%) blended. The instructor-led and blended arms were superior to the web-only arm (P Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that high school students can learn hemorrhage control via multiple methods. Blended and instructor-led education led to highly successful skill performance. Students learned to identify wounds requiring tourniquets and showed an improved willingness to aid from all modalities. These findings should encourage educators to offer multiple educational modalities.
Deconfined criticality and ghost Fermi surfaces at the onset of antiferromagnetism in a metal

We propose a general theoretical framework, using two layers of ancilla qubits, for deconfined criticality between a Fermi liquid with a large Fermi surface and a pseudogap metal with a small Fermi surface of electronlike quasiparticles. The pseudogap metal can be a magnetically ordered metal, or a fractionalized Fermi liquid (FL*) without magnetic order. A critical `ghost' Fermi surface emerges (alongside the large electron Fermi surface) at the transition, with the ghost fermions carrying neither spin nor charge but minimally coupled to $(U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1))/{Z}_{2}$ or $(SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1))/{Z}_{2}$ gauge fields. The $(U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1))/{Z}_{2}$ case describes simultaneous Kondo breakdown and onset of magnetic order: The two gauge fields induce nearly equal attractive and repulsive interactions between ghost Fermi surface excitations, and this competition controls the quantum criticality. Away from the transition on the pseudogap side, the ghost Fermi surface absorbs part of the large electron Fermi surface and leads to a jump in the Hall coefficient. We also find an example of an ``unnecessary quantum critical point'' between a metal with spin density order and a metal with local moment magnetic order. The ghost fermions contribute an enhanced specific heat near the transition and could also be detected in other thermal probes. We relate our results to the phases of correlated electron compounds.
Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Breast Milk (BM-MDSC) Correlate with Gestational Age and Postnatal Age and Are Influenced by Infant's Sex.

Background: Infections are the main cause of death in preterm infants. Causative agents often descend from the intestinal flora of the infected neonate, indicating insufficient protection by the mucosal barrier. Breast milk (BM) contains different subsets of immune cells. We recently showed that BM contains significant numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)—immune cells that actively suppress pro-inflammatory immune responses—and hypothesized that the transfer of BM-MDSC may modulate the mucosal immunity of the newborn. Methods: Percentages of MDSC in the BM from mothers of 86 preterm infants between 23 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation during their first five postnatal weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry and correlated with maternal and infant characteristics. Results: Percentages of BM-MDSC positively correlated with gestational age and postnatal age. The expression of activation markers on BM-MDSC did not change with gestational age, but it decreased with postnatal age. Mothers who received antepartum tocolytics had lower percentages of BM-MDSC, and infant’s sex strongly influenced percentages of BM-MDSC. Conclusion: Our results point toward a role of BM-MDSC for immune regulation in the neonatal gut, making them a potential target of immune-based therapies shortly after birth.
Dust-Sized High-Power-Density Photovoltaic Cells on Si and SOI Substrates for Wafer-Level-Packaged Small Edge Computers.

Advancement in microelectronics technology enables autonomous edge computing platforms in the size of a dust mote (<1 mm), bringing efficient and low-cost artificial intelligence close to the end user and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The key challenge for these compact high-performance edge computers is the integration of a power source that satisfies the high-power-density requirement and does not increase the complexity and cost of the packaging. Here, it is shown that dust-sized III-V photovoltaic (PV) cells grown on Si and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates can be integrated using a wafer-level-packaging process and achieve higher power density than all prior micro-PVs on Si and SOI substrates. The high-throughput heterogeneous integration unlocks the potential of large-scale manufacturing of these integrated systems with low cost for IoT applications. The negative effect of crystallographic defects in the heteroepitaxial materials on PV performance diminishes at high power density. Simultaneous power delivery and data transmission to the dust mote with heteroepitaxially grown PV are also demonstrated using hand-held illumination sources.
Crystal Structure Search with Random Relaxations Using Graph Networks

Materials design enables technologies critical to humanity, including combating climate change with solar cells and batteries. Many properties of a material are determined by its atomic crystal structure. However, prediction of the atomic crystal structure for a given material's chemical formula is a long-standing grand challenge that remains a barrier in materials design. We investigate a data-driven approach to accelerating ab initio random structure search (AIRSS), a state-of-the-art method for crystal structure search. We build a novel dataset of random structure relaxations of Li-Si battery anode materials using high-throughput density functional theory calculations. We train graph neural networks to simulate relaxations of random structures. Our model is able to find an experimentally verified structure of Li15Si4 it was not trained on, and has potential for orders of magnitude speedup over AIRSS when searching large unit cells and searching over multiple chemical stoichiometries. Surprisingly, we find that data augmentation of adding Gaussian noise improves both the accuracy and out of domain generalization of our models.
Mercury in neonatal and juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus). Part I: exposure assessment.

As apex predators, blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) are highly susceptible to biomagnified mercury (Hg) particularly in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), which is known to contain fishes and invertebrates with elevated Hg levels. Blacktip sharks occur in the GOM year-round and are heavily fished both commercially and recreationally, but little is known about how Hg affects the species. In this study, blood, muscle, liver, and kidney samples were collected from neonatal (n = 57) and juvenile (n = 13) blacktip sharks in Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Hg concentrations in neonates and juveniles were found to be elevated in muscle (mean ± SE = 0.59 ± 0.23 mg kg−1), liver (0.39 ± 0.29 mg kg−1), kidney (0.56 ± 0.25 mg kg−1), and blood (0.059 ± 0.041 mg kg−1) compared to other local shark species and conspecifics from other areas. Blood plasma chemistry, hematology, and liver histology were evaluated to assess the relationship between Hg and tissue damage. Plasma chemistry parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and phosphorus (PHOS) were not correlated with tissue Hg or liver condition index. Hematological effects were also not correlated with tissue Hg. However, melanomacrophage presence and lipid deposition, evaluated as part of histopathological analysis, were found to exhibit a statistically significant association with concentrations of Hg in tissue and ALT levels. These results suggest that Hg exposure potentially had a negative effect on the livers of the blacktip sharks evaluated in the present study.
Progression of gastrointestinal symptoms over time in patients with systemic sclerosis

Up to 90% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. To evaluate whether GI symptoms and quality of life in patients with SSc demonstrate longitudinal stability. Consecutive patients with SSc (n = 100) completed the validated university of California at Los Angeles scleroderma clinical trial consortium gastrointestinal tract 2.0 (GIT) instrument and completed the same instrument approximately 5 years later. Comparison was made between patients with diffuse (dcSSc) and limited (lcSSc) subtypes and duration of disease of less than or greater than 5 years. GIT scores were calculated and analyzed for differences. 37 patients with dcSSc and 63 patients with lcSSc were included. Social functioning score significantly improved over time [0.44 (0.59)–0.31 (0.47); P = 0.003]. Total GIT scores were lower in patients with diffuse [0.51 (0.41)] compared with limited [(0.72 (0.53); P = 0.029] disease at both baseline and follow-up. Social functioning improved similarly in both dcSSc and lcSSc over time (P = 0.004). GIT Total scores increased in 27% (27/100) of patients and did not change or improved in 73% (73/100). Patients with worsening GI status had significantly increased scores on all GIT subscales. A lower body-mass index at baseline was significantly associated with worsening GIT Total score (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07–1.39; P < 0.001). Patients with SSc generally demonstrate longitudinal stability or improvement in their GI symptoms, but a subset of patients experience worsening of GI symptoms and negative impacts on GI-related quality of life.
Place‐based Identity and Framing in Local Environmental Politics

Framing has long been a central construct in scholarship on the role of rhetoric and discourse in the policy process. Research on policy framing and identity thus far has neglected the role of place‐based identity, focusing instead on identity constructs such as race, class, gender, and ethnicity. Through a mixed methods analysis of transcripts of City Council meetings in Philadelphia from 2007 to 2017, we analyze how policy makers, local interest groups, and national/regional interest groups employ place‐based framing to define, explain, and propose solutions to environmental problems. We contrast local place‐based frames with more abstract global frames that center arguments for policy change on the national or global implications of environmental problems. Our results reveal that place‐based framing is a dominant mode of discourse in Philadelphia environmental policy discussions and that actors may employ frames strategically so as to appeal to place‐based identities and to further political goals. 就言辞和话语在政策过程中的作用而言，相关研究长期将框架作为一个关键建构。目前为止，关于政策框架和认同的研究忽视了基于地点的认同（place‐based identity）所发挥的作用，而聚焦于例如种族、阶层、性别和族群性等认同建构。通过对2007‐2017年费城市议会的会议记录进行混合方法分析，我们分析了决策者、地方利益团体、和国家/地区利益团体如何通过基于地点的框架来定义、解释和提出环境问题解决方案。我们对比了基于地点的地方框架和更抽象的全球框架，后者主张对环境问题造成的国家或全球影响进行政策变革。我们的结果显示，基于地点的框架是费城环境政策探讨中的主导话语模式，并且行动者能战略性地使用框架，以期吸引基于地点的认同并促进政治目标。 El encuadre ha sido durante mucho tiempo un constructo central en los estudios sobre el papel de la retorica y el discurso en el proceso de politicas. La investigacion sobre el encuadre de politicas y la identidad hasta ahora ha descuidado el papel de la identidad basada en el lugar, centrandose en cambio en construcciones de identidad como raza, clase, genero y etnia. A traves de un analisis de metodos mixtos de las transcripciones de las reuniones del Concejo Municipal en Filadelfia de 2007 a 2017, analizamos como los formuladores de politicas, los grupos de interes locales y los grupos de interes nacionales / regionales emplean el marco basado en el lugar para definir, explicar y proponer soluciones a problemas ambientales. problemas. Contrastamos los marcos locales basados ​​en el lugar con marcos globales mas amplios y abstractos que centran los argumentos para el cambio de politicas en las implicaciones nacionales o globales de los problemas ambientales. Nuestros resultados revelan que el encuadre basado en el lugar es un modo de discurso dominante en las discusiones de politica ambiental de Filadelfia y que los actores pueden emplear marcos estrategicamente para apelar a las identidades basadas en el lugar y para promover objetivos politicos.
Tendencias e impacto de la inteligencia artificial en comunicación: cobotización, gig economy, co-creación y gobernanza

This article reviews the scientific production on the impact of technology on communication management, in a global way, and the identification of changes and trends due to the application of AI, in a more concrete way. It is an interpretative research that works on a purposive sample created from search results in Google Scholar, WoS and Scopus, limited to a longitudinal period of five years (2016 to 2020). An interpretative evaluation of texts is carried out on the basis of open questions for which a non-predetermined answer is sought. The results define a panorama marked by semantic indefinitions and transversality and hybridisation of fields. The impact on governance, cobotisation, co-creation of content and, among others, ethical and legal aspects are highlighted.
The Integral of Second-order Directional Derivative

Given a two-variable function f without critical points and a compact region R bounded by two level curves of f, this note proves that the integral over R of f's second-order directional derivative in the tangential directions of the interceding level curves is proportional to the rise in f-value over R. Also discussed are variations on this result when critical points are present or R becomes unbounded.
A better place? Factors in community assessment for parents of children with Down syndrome

Information seeking often occurs in groups and communities, and these communities differ in ways that impact their usefulness to their members. This study uses grounded theory and information horizons mapping to explore information seeking and sharing in two place-based communities in Florida, addressing factors associated with participants’ evaluations of their local communities of support. These factors provide insight into parents’ expectations of their information worlds and expectations related to information behaviors of actors within their local information environments. The study finds similar stakeholder groups similar expressions of the belief that some communities were “better” than others for raising children with Down syndrome in both areas, but varying evaluations of their own communities based on personal experiences. Participants agreed on the following factors as important indicators of a strong local community of support: existence and activities of local parent networks and organizations, access to quality education and health care, full inclusion in regular education when desired, social inclusion of their children into the community at large, and employability for adults with Down syndrome.
Association of parental emotional feeding with preschool child intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (252.7)

The study examined parental feeding practices with preschool children consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Baseline data from a longitudinal study with low-income multicultural caregiver...
Non-Basal Slip in Alumina at High Temperatures and Pressures.

Czochralski (0°) sapphire has been deformed in tensile creep at 1600–1800°C., and fine-grained alumina polycrystals have been deformed under hydrostatic confining pressure at 1000–1200°C., in order to activate nonbasal deformation modes. The tensile creep data is in agreement with Nabarro-climb, although evidence for pyramidal slip on the {1102} planes was also observed. Either of these deformation modes, in conjunction with basal and prismatic plane slip, permit general deformation of polycrystalline specimens. In addition, “water weakening” was observed to occur in the deformation of polycrystalline alumina under hydrostatic confining pressures.
The n -hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems

The recent advances in MEMS, embedded systems and wireless communication technologies are making the realization and deployment of networked wireless microsensors a tangible task. In this paper we study node localization, a component technology that would enhance the effectiveness and capabilities of this new class of networks. The n-hop multilateration primitive presented here, enables ad-hoc deployed sensor nodes to accurately estimate their locations by using known beacon locations that are several hops away and distance measurements to neighboring nodes. To prevent error accumulation in the network, node locations are computed by setting up and solving a global non-linear optimization problem. The solution is presented in two computation models, centralized and a fully distributed approximation of the centralized model. Our simulation results show that using the fully distributed model, resource constrained sensor nodes can collectively solve a large non-linear optimization problem that none of the nodes can solve individually. This approach results in significant savings in computation and communication, that allows fine-grained localization to run on a low cost sensor node we have developed.