cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic effects of benzene in Drosophila melanogaster males.

Benzene is one of the few chemicals which induces chromosomal aberrations but does not induce point mutations. The most sensitive end point in Drosophila, sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, however, has not yet been studied. Information on induction of heritable translocations and crossing-over is also not yet available for this compound in Drosophila. Experiments were therefore undertaken to investigate benzene induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, heritable translocations, and crossing-over in Drosophila males.
Heterogeneous time-resource allocation in Wireless Body Area Networks for Green, maximum likelihood activity detection

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) refer to a class of wireless sensor networks that are expected to support a wide variety of applications ranging from healthcare and emergency response to entertainment and sports. A WBAN can be characterized by a small number of heterogeneous sensors and an energy-constrained fusion center e.g. cellphone. A key goal is to maximize the lifetime of such a unique sensor network and based on an actual implementation of a prototype WBAN, the limited energy budget of the fusion center is a critical impediment. To overcome this issue, the stochastic control framework introduced in our earlier work is extended to account for less number of samples and sensor heterogeneity is redefined in terms of worst-case detection error probability. A Maximum Likelihood detector based on the belief state is also introduced to increase the detection performance. To account for the energy-constrained fusion center, our initial optimization problem is reformulated to two alternative, but distinct constrained versions and two completely new algorithms, E2MBADP and GME2PS2, are devised. Simulations on real-world data are provided to validate the schemes' performance. Energy gains on the order of 64% while achieving the same detection accuracy (99%) as an equal allocation scheme across sensors are observed.
Adaptive Reconfiguration of Sub-lambda and Wavelength Paths for Unpredictable Traffic Demands

We have been investigated adaptive reconfiguration of sub-lambda and wavelength paths for unpredictable traffic demands. A numerical evaluation shows effective suppression of the number of fibers and total network equipment cost.
Snapshot, reconfigurable multispectral and multi-polarization telecentric imaging system

A reconfigurable telecentric imaging system that can simultaneously capture multispectral and multi-polarization information in a single snapshot is demonstrated. The proposed design utilizes a telecentric imaging objective and a light pipe for image multiplexing. An array of filters is used to filter each of the multiplexed images at an intermediate image plane. In this paper, we will discuss the system configuration and present the experimental results.
Dog Gait Analysis Using the Center of Pressure

In this study we evaluate the applicability of nonlinear mathematical techniques to describe and define normal dog gait. A commercially available walkway 2-dimensional motion analysis system was utilized to acquire kinematic data from healthy dogs. The kinematic data of the center of pressure (COP) of the dog during walking were analyzed. The ability to analyze COP on individual dogs has the potential to provide insight into normal and abnormal gait in dogs, and early detection of subtle lameness. This is especially important in working and athletic dogs.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Nanotechnology and immunoassay

The roots of nanotechnology can be traced back to colloid science in the mid-19th century. Francesco Selmi, often credited with the first true research in the field, studied the behavior of various metallic and acidic emulsions in the 1840s (1). Shortly thereafter, Michael Faraday and Thomas Graham, two scientific pioneers known primarily for their work with electricity and diffusion of gases, respectively, contributed further to the analysis of nanoparticulate suspensions, i.e., colloids. Faraday’s studies in electrochemistry naturally led him to the first experiments with colloidal gold(2), and Graham coined the term “colloid” after noting …
FoxO1a can alter cell cycle progression by regulating the nuclear localization of p27kip in granulosa cells.

Forkhead transcription factors of the FOXO family are important downstream targets of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, which has been shown to play a critical role in cell proliferation and cell survival. Activation of FOXOs can block cellular proliferation and drive cells into a quiescent state. In certain cell types, this cell cycle arrest is dependent on the transcriptional induction of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27kip. In granulosa cells, which go through an exponential growth phase during development of the ovarian follicle, we find that FoxO1a is a key regulator of the G1/S transition in these cells. Overexpression of a dominant-negative version of FoxO1a (Foxo1a-Δ256; a C-terminal truncation mutant that possesses a functional DNA-binding domain, but lacks a transactivation domain) causes a dramatic increase in S-phase cells (>8-fold increase by both DNA content and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays). Surprisingly, this is not dependent on transactivation of the p27kip gene. We provide...
Frequency dependence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release and vagally induced tachycardia in the canine heart.

Abstract We evaluated the frequency dependence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) release from the parasympathetic nerves to the canine heart. In intact animals in the presence of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (propranolol, 0.5 mg/kg),the cervical vagosympathetic trunks were stimulated at various frequencies before and after the administration of atropine (0.1 mg/kg). The stimulations before atropine produced a classical bradycardia that progressed to cardiac arrest when the stimulation frequency was raised above 10 to 15 Hz. After atropine, vagal stimulation at various frequencies increased heart rate. The heart rate reached a maximum increase of 21 ± 3 beats per min at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. In an isolated atrial preparation in which the VIP outflow was measured, the tachycardia elicited after atropine had a frequency dependence similar to that obtained in vivo. The peak increase of 23 ± 3% above the basal rate (95 ± 8 beats per min) occurred at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. The VIP outflow paralleled the tachycardia response (r = 0.95); the maximum outflow of VIP was 172 ± 54 pg/(min · 100 g wet wt) and was evoked at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. This suggests that the vagally induced tachycardia is mediated, at least partly, by VIP.
Bond Scrambling and Network Elasticity

Dynamic networks (DNs) recently reported in the literature are based on cross-linked supramolecular chains or on covalent chains with reversible bonds. As originally pointed out by Lehn, these networks should be regarded as dynamic materials exhibiting adaptive features due to continuous scrambling of their bonds and sequences. Results in the recent literature reveal that these networks undergo reversible long-range deformation resembling that of rubber networks. The present analysis of this process in terms of the theory of composite networks is based on the expectation that the scrambling process should allow rupture of bonds in the undeformed state and their reformation in the stretched state. Accordingly, a permanent set of the resting length of DNs should generally be expected and set materials should retain long-range elasticity relative to the set state. However, only a limited set is shown by DNs, implying that a strong memory of the initial network topology assists elastic recovery of the original dimensions. The analysis of reported experimental data further reveals that the stress-strain dependence of dynamic networks accurately follows the classical rubber elasticity theory. In this respect, DNs show better rubber behavior than typical covalent networks. Consistently with theoretical predictions, this surprising finding suggests that bond scrambling relieves local strain constraints on the fluctuations of networks junctions and favors the recovery of the initial network topology. Scrambling therefore allows compliance under stress and enhanced recovery when stress is released. Unprecedented applications of these advanced materials thus become foreseeable.
CAD May Not be Necessary for Microcalcifications in the Digital era, CAD May Benefit Radiologists for Masses

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided detection (CAD) to mark the cancer on digital mammograms at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and also review retrospectively whether CAD marked the cancer if visible on any available prior mammograms, thus potentially identifying breast cancer at an earlier stage. We sought to determine why breast lesions may or may not be marked by CAD. In particular, we analyzed factors such as breast density, mammographic views, and lesion characteristics. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review from 2004 to 2008 revealed 3445 diagnosed breast cancers in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients; 1293 of these were imaged with full field digital mammography (FFDM). After cancer diagnosis, in a retrospective review held by the radiologist staff, 43 of these cancers were found to be visible on prior-year mammograms (false-negative cases); these breast cancer cases are the basis of this analysis. All cases had CAD evaluation available at the time of cancer diagnosis and on prior mammography studies. Data collected included patient demographics, breast density, palpability, lesion type, mammographic size, CAD marks on current- and prior-year mammograms, needle biopsy method, pathology results (core needle and/or surgical), surgery type, and lesion size. Results: On retrospective review of the mammograms by the staff radiologists, 43 cancers were discovered to be visible on prior-year mammograms. All 43 cancers were masses (mass classification included mass, mass with calcification, and mass with architectural distortion); no pure microcalcifications were identified in this cohort. Mammograms with CAD applied at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were able to detect 79% (34/43) of the cases and 56% (24/43) from mammograms with CAD applied during prior year(s). In heterogeneously dense/extremely dense tissue, CAD marked 79% (27/34) on mammograms taken at the time of diagnosis and 56% (19/34) on mammograms with CAD applied during the prior year(s). At time of diagnosis, CAD marked lesions in 32% (11/34) on the craniocaudal (CC) view, 21% (7/34) on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. Lesion size of those marked by CAD or not marked were similar, the average being 15 and 12 mm, respectively. Conclusion: CAD marked cancers on mammograms at the time of diagnosis in 79% of the cases and in 56% of the cases from the mammograms with CAD applied in the prior year(s). Our review demonstrated that CAD can mark invasive breast carcinomas in even dense breast tissue. CAD marked a significant portion on the CC view only, which may be an indicator to radiologists to be especially vigilant when a lesion is marked on this view.
A SirT'N Repression for Notch

Mulligan et al. (2011) show here that the NAD+-dependent SIRT1 (H4K16; H1K26) deacetylase acts in concert with the LSD1 (H3K4) demethylase to repress Notch-induced transcription, thus coupling two distinct histone modifications at a key epigenetic switch for Notch target genes.
Chicken tibial dyschondroplasia: a limb mutant with two growth plates and possible defects of collagen crosslinking.

In the cartilaginous epiphyseal growth plate, extracellular matrix molecules such as collagens are believed to play important roles during both normal and abnormal development. One defect of the epiphyseal plate occurs in chick- ens with a condition termed tibial dyschondropla- sia (TD). This abnormality occurs in certain strains of juvenile chickens and other rapidly de- veloping animals. It is characterized by the pres- ence of a mass of avascular, uncalcified cartilage which is retained in the proximal metaphysis of the tibiotarsus. To elucidate the developmental events which may be involved in this lesion, we have performed both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridizations for collagen types I1 and X, known components of the extracellular matrix of the growth plate. By immunohistochemical analy- ses, the TD lesion contains both of these collagen types; therefore, the presence of these molecules per se is not sufficient for calcification of vascu- larization to occur. Since type X collagen is ex- pressed exclusively in hypertrophic cartilage, the chondrocytes in the lesion must have undergone hypertrophy before their developmental arrest. The matrix of the lesion also reacted with a mono- clonal antibody which is directed against an epitope in the NH,-terminal telopeptide of the al(I1) chain. Our previous data suggest that this epitope is rendered unavailable in type 11 collagen which has undergone crosslink formation; its availability in the lesion suggests that crosslink- ing may be abnormal. Lastly, analyses by in situ hybridization failed to detect mRNA for either type I1 or type X collagen within the lesion, but chondrocytes distal to the lesion do contain mRNAs for these collagens in a spatial pattern suggesting the presence of a second growth plate. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The economic production lot size model under volume flexibility

Abstract The classical economic production lot size (EPL) model assumes a predetermined and inflexible production rate. Production rate in many cases, such as orders filled by a machine, can be changed. Moreover, unit production cost depends on production rate. In this chapter, we extend the EPL model to cases where production rate is a decision variable. Unit production cost becomes a function of production rate. We solve the proposed model for special unit production cost functions and illustrate the results with a numerical example.
Genetic transformation through the use of hyperhydric tobacco meristems

Exposed shoot meristems from normal and hyperhydric (vitrified) tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, were bombarded with gold particles either coated with plasmid DNA containing neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII), rolC and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes (plasmid pGA-GUSGFrolC) or left uncoated. Meristems bombarded with uncoated particles were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 101 harboring the binary vector pGA-GUSGFrolC. Whole-plant transformants were produced from 4 of 40 hyperhydric meristems bombarded with uncoated particles followed by co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens. One transgenic plant was obtained from 40 normal, non-hyperhydric meristems treated. Transformation was verified by growth on kanamycin-containing medium, GUS assays, PCR, and Southern analysis. The plants tested through Southern analysis appeared to have 2 or more copies of the transgene insert. Seeds obtained from self-pollination of these transgenic plants segregated 3:1 or 15:1 (kanamycin resistant:sensitive) when germinated on medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin, indicating transfer of foreign genes through the sexual cycle. Whole-plant transformants were not produced from 50 normal tobacco meristems bombarded with plasmid-coated gold particles and not exposed to engineered A. tumefaciens, but 1 plant of 60 bombarded hyperhydric meristems produced transgenic roots, the result of a chimera. We suggest that hyperhydric meristems are more readily transformed.
Self-understanding in early childhood: associations with child attachment security and maternal negative affect.

Although studies document that young children perceive themselves in psychologically-relevant ways, much remains to be understood about early self-concept development and how it is influenced by re...
Gastrin release from dispersed gastrinoma cells: Effects of calcium and calcium lonophore (A23187)

Abstract Dispersed single-cell suspensions of human gastrinoma tissue were incubated for 15, 60, and 120 min in a calcium-containing medium, (0.1, 2, 10 m M ) in calcium-free medium and in calcium-free medium containing the calcium ionophore A23187 (0.01, 1, and 100 μg/ml). Supernatant and pellet (intracellular) gastrin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Supernatant gastrin levels remained stable over 120 min in calcium chloride or calcium gluconate containing medium, while intracellular pellet gastrin approximately tripled during the same incubation period. Total gastrin (supernatant plus pellet) approximately doubled during the 2-hr incubation in calcium. However, calcium (0.1, 2, or 10 m M ) failed to produce a dose-dependent rise in supernatant, pellet, or total gastrin when compared to calcium-free incubates. Contrary to the expected gastrin response to calcium, supernatant and pellet gastrin levels were higher in incubates in calcium-free medium than in calcium-containing incubates. A23187 (0.01 or 1 mcg/ml) in a calcium-free medium decreased supernatant gastrin while high dose ionophore (100 mcg/ml) increased supernatant gastrin. All doses of ionophore stimulated pellet and total gastrin levels. Thus, it appears that the clinical augmentation of gastrin levels, seen with calcium challenge in vivo may not be solely due to changes in serum calcium.
Applying the Functional Theory of Attitudes to Understanding the Influence of Store Atmosphere on Store Inferences

Past research suggests that store atmosphere affects merchandise quality inferences, in turn affecting store image. Yet, lighting, music, and other atmospheric features also serve a social identity function (i.e., a social role). According to the functional theory of attitudes, appeals are most persuasive when they address the motives underlying the attitude targeted for change. If store atmosphere acts as a social identity appeal, then an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere should positively influence quality perceptions of social identity products (i.e., socially communicative products) but not utilitarian products (i.e., intrinsically rewarding products). To test this, two experiments were conducted that differed in the type of social and utilitarian products under evaluation and the degree of store information provided. The results of both studies indicated that store atmosphere influenced perceptions of social identity products but had little effect on perceptions of utilitarian products. Furthermore, store atmosphere elicited different shopping motives and purchasing intentions. In addition to contributing to the understanding of how store atmosphere affects store inferences, this article extends previous research and theory on attitude functions by suggesting that situations can elicit motives as well as serve as subtle, product-nonspecific appeals, selectively affecting judgments of products that are consistent (rather than inconsistent) with the situational appeal's function.
Dynamic Characterization of Dendrite Deposition and Growth in Li-Surface by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The evolution of dendrite formation is characterized by DC and AC electrochemical techniques. Interfacial mechanisms for lithium deposition are described and quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) between a lithium electrode and a graphite electrode. The initiation and growth of dendrites in the lithium surface due to the cathodic polarization conditions following anodic dissolution emulate long term cycling process occurring in the lithium electrodes. The dendrite initiation at the lithium/organic electrolyte interface is proposed to be performed through a combination of layering and interfacial reactions during different cathodic conditions. The growth is proposed to be performed by surface geometrical deposition. In this work, we use EIS in galvanostatic mode to assess the initiation and growth stages of dendrites by the accumulation of precipitates formed under different current conditions. The lithium/organic solvent experimental system using frequency domain techniques is validated by the theoretical approach using a deterministic model that accounts for the faradaic processes at the interface assuming a coverage fraction of the electrodic surface affected by the dendritic growth. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Optimization of an unobscured optical system using vector aberration theory

Excellent results for optimization of one all-reflective system are gained by choosing a limited number of variables as indicated by vector aberration theory. An aberration analysis shown here can be used to extend the method to other systems.
New insights and complications in determining generator stator insulation absorption current exponents and constants from Polarization Index test data

Significant errors may occur in calculating the generator insulation Polarization Index (PI), absorption current exponent (n), and the insulation constant (K), from standard PI test data. The paper addresses a previously undocumented PI response that occurs which is the cause of the subject errors. A simple approach is described to eliminate these errors especially when using the IEEE Standard 95-2002TM [1] to correct for leakage current. IEEE Standard 43-2000TM [2] is also useful regarding associated PI and insulation resistance calculations. In addition laboratory test data will be presented showing the relation between stator bar insulation temperature and the insulation constants K and n.
1544 EFFECTS OF ASPHYXIA ON RENAL FUNCTION IN TERM AND PRETERM LAMBS

To assess the role of maturity on the renal responses to asphyxia (Asph)16 spontaneously born term (T) and 5 preterm (PT)experimental and 12 control (C) lambs were studied between 1-6 days of age. We procured surviving PT lambs by induction of delivery at 133 days gestation with a fetal glucocorticoid injection. Asphyxia was induced by adding 38 ml/kg of dead space to the airway for 20 min. changing the arterial blood pH to 7.05 in the T, 7.17 in the PT, pO2 to 36 in the T and 29 torr in the PT and pCO2 to 66 in the T and 62 torr in the PT groups. The studies continued for 2 hrs. following the removal of the dead space. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly (peak:M±SE 285±50ml/dl) from baseline in the T during and for 15 min. after Asph. Excreted glucose increased and the percentage of tubular reabsorption of glucose decreased significantly (p<0.05), after Asph. Urine volumes, fractional and absolute sodium excretions, and osmolar clearances increased in the PT and T groups during Asph. and significantly (p<0.05) 30 min. after the removal of the dead space. No differences were observed between the PT and T groups when these changes were compared. GFR,total renal blood flow (microsphere technique),and plasma renin values did not change significantly during or after Asph. in either the T or PT groups. Changes were not seen in the C lambs. The data indicate that irrespective of maturity, Asph. produces significant hyperglycemia with concomitant natriuresis and osmotic diuresis.
Transition radiation and Bragg resonances.

Both spontaneous and stimulated radiation emitted by an electron beam traversing a periodic medium are studied in the approximation of neglecting the influence of the field on the motion of the electrons. The results are valid both in the vicinity of the Bragg domain as well as far from it. In the latter case, we recover previous results with some corrections. In the Bragg domains the result is of interest since in this case the emission of quanta increases considerably.
Multiaxial cyclic ratchetting under multiple step loading

Abstract Strain ratchetting responses of 1070 steel are reported for multiple step cyclic loading histories. The stress amplitude and mean stress are varied between loading steps in multiple step loading. Experimental results reveal that the material exhibits a strong memory of the previous loading history, and such memory plays a discerning role on the subsequent ratchetting. The material could ratchet in the opposite direction to the mean stress or could reverse its ratchetting direction with time. The origin of the ratchetting transients has been linked to the variation of the plastic modulus within the loading cycle for proportional loading and the noncoincidence of the plastic strain rate direction and yield surface translation direction for nonproportional loading. Many of the constitutive relations proposed for cyclic loading are not designed to handle the ratchetting evolution. Based on the Armstrong-Frederick hardening algorithm, the model forwarded by Bower can qualitatively predict the ratchetting directions for certain multiple step loading cases, but the predicted ratchetting rates differ from the experimental values. The Ohno-Wang model, which introduces threshold levels of dynamic recovery in nonlinear hardening, can simulate negative ratchetting under positive mean stress, or vice versa, as well as the ratchetting direction reversal during step loadings. This model can provide results that agree with experimental observations for a class of nonproportional cases, where the plastic strain rate direction and yield surface translation direction are noncoincident. Its performance deteriorates for proportional loading.
HMO, a hardware microcode optimizer

This paper discusses an algorithm for optimizing the density and parallelism of microcoded routines in microprogrammable machines. Besides the algorithm itself, the algorithm's uses, adaptability to conventional machine characteristics, and architectural requirements are also discussed and analyzed. Even though the paper proposes a hardware implementation of the algorithm, the algorithm is viewed as an integral part of the entire microcode generation and usage process, from initial high-level input into a software microcode compiler down to machine-level execution of the resultant microcode on the host machine. It is believed that, by removing much of the traditionally time-consuming and machine-dependent microcode optimization from the software portion of this process, the algorithm can improve the overall process.
Alkali quenching in high temperature environments

Abstract The total cross section for the quenching of electronically excited alkali atoms by vibrationally excited N 2 is found to be insensitive to the vibrational level of the incident N 2 and to relative translational energy within the framework of the ionic intermediate quenching model. Thus, the discrepancy in measured cross sections between high temperature flame experiments and low temperature fluorescence measurements remains unresolved.
Psychoneurotic and psychopathic personalities of polydrug abusers and effects of didactic instruction.

An investigation into the use of psychometric assessment instruments to produce psychographic profiles which proved superior to the use of individual measures on drug accepting versus drug rejecting age generational gaps is appropriate when considering drug and alcohol education programs. Clinical studies show that polydrug abusers have many psychoneurotic and psychopathic traits which can be measured through valid personality tests. Cuevas (1989), employed the Western Personality Inventory (Manson 1963) to identify individuals whose behavior and personality structure indicated they were polydrug users or had serious polydrug problems. The instrument revealed that a combinative process utilizng comparison groups from known polydrug abusers as a discriminant analysis technique with controls provided a high degree of accuracy. A high degree of precision in prediction was maintained in validation trials on independent samples. The personality characteristics and traits were extracted from a combination of co...
Nutrition Assessment and Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

In recent years nutrition assessment and management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have drawn increased attention. Frequent evaluation of nutrition status is warranted in ALS, given the common occurrence of dysphagia and hypermetabolism and varying disease progression rates. Nutrition management includes dietary and swallow strategies, possible gastrostomy tube placement, and recommendations for vitamin and mineral supplementation. Strategies to assess and optimize nutrition status and prolong survival in ALS patients are reviewed with recommendations based on current research.
Antilymphocytic leukemic serum and chemotherapy in the treatment of murine leukemia.

Antiserum against L 1210 murine leukemia was prepared in rabbits and goats. Murine antibody titers against such antisera were lower than against normal foreign serum, suggesting an immunosuppressive effect. Additional suppression of antibody formation was obtained by the concomitant use of cyclophosphamide. The antiserum had an equally cytotoxic effect against normal and leukemic lymphocytes in vitro. The antileukemic effect in vivo was demonstrated by a statistically significant but slight prolongation of survival time of leukemia-bearing mice. The results of therapy with the antileukemic serum were enhanced in some experiments by the incorporation of cyclophoshamide and 6-mercaptopurine into the treatment schedule.
Tide and Storm Surge Observations in Tiie Chukchi SEA1

Abstract : Sea level heights were recorded with a tide gauge at Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3) while it was aground in the Chukchi Sea at 71:55 N, 160:20 W. harmonic analyses were made for the tidal components. The tidal hour for M sub 2 is 9.11 at this location, in good agreement with the co-tidal chart of Sverdrup (1926). Storm surges observed at this location on the continental shelf have a range of about 40 cm. During relatively stationary atmospheric co- ions, the storm surge heights can be interpreted as due to the static water barometer effect. During conditions of moving atmospheric pressure systems, storm surge heights differ from those predicted by the water barometer effect. The combined application of Ekman's wind-driven cur rent theory and Bernoulli's equation provides an explanation for these differences.
Sorting techniques for mixed metal scrap

Abstract The U.S. Bureau of Mines is conducting research on methods for sorting and identifying mixed metal scrap so that this resource can be better utilized. A mechanical method for separating wrought and cast aluminum scrap and instrumental methods for identifying mixed aluminum scrap and mixed high-value scrap are reviewed. New research on spark testing and field experience in high-value scrap sorting are discussed.
Uterokinetic activity of fenprostalene (a prostaglandin F2α analog) in vivo and in vitro in the bovine

Abstract The luteolytic potency of fenprostalene (a PGF2α analog) is about 20-times that of naturally produced PGF2α. The objective of this research was to investigate the uterokinetic effects of fenprostalene at a luteolytic dosage (1.0 mg) in the cyclic and early postpartum cow, and in the isolated uterine horn. Uterine motility measurements were conducted on two consecutive days in each cow. Experimental protocol on Day 1 was: spontaneous motility was recorded for 1 h; fenprostalene was injected (1.0 mg i.m.), after which motility was recorded for 2 h; fenprostalene was injected (1.0 mg i.v.) and motility was recorded for 30 min; and oxytocin was injected (40 U i.v.), followed by a 30-min recording period. On Day 2, the treatment sequence was reversed: spontaneous motility was recorded for 1 h; oxytocin was injected (100 U i.m.), after which motility was recorded for 2 h; fenprostalene was injected (1.0 mg i.v.) and motility recorded for 30 min; and oxytocin was injected (40 U i.v.), followed by a 30-min recording period. In the in vitro experiment, different dosages of fenprostalene (5.9, 11.8, 17.6, and 29.4 ng/ml bath solutions) and oxytocin (0.06, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.60 mU/ml bath solutions) were tested in pairs for 1 h. The treatment was then repeated. In a different group, fenprostalene (5.9 ng/ml bath solution) and oxytocin (0.06 mU/ml bath solution) treatments were alternated. Fenprostalene (at luteolytic dosage) was not uterokinetic in either the cyclic or postpartum cow. However, fenprostalene and oxytocin had a significant uterokinetic effect (five- to six-fold pretreatment value) on the isolated uterine horn preparation at all dosages studied. Peak motility occurred between 10 to 15 min, followed by a gradual decrease to 40% at 60 min. When the treatments were repeated at 60 min, oxytocin but not fenprostalene caused a minute, transient contraction. However, fenprostalene-desensitized (by exposure to fenprostalene) uteri reacted significantly to oxytocin, and vice versa.
Controlled growth of a molecular bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell

The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells has increased with the introduction of the donor–acceptor heterojunction that serves to dissociate strongly bound photogenerated excitons1. Further efficiency increases have been achieved in both polymer2,3 and small-molecular-mass4 organic photovoltaic cells through the use of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ), where the distance an exciton must diffuse from its generation to its dissociation site is reduced in an interpenetrating network of the donor and acceptor materials. However, the random distribution of donor and acceptor materials in such structures can lead to charge trapping at bottlenecks and cul-de-sacs in the conducting pathways to the electrodes. Here, we present a method for growing crystalline organic films into a controlled bulk heterojunction; that is, the positions and orientations of donor and acceptor materials are determined during growth by organic vapour-phase deposition (OVPD5), eliminating contorted and resistive conducting pathways while maximizing the interface area. This results in a substantial increase in power conversion efficiency compared with the best values obtained by 'random' small-molecular-weight BHJ solar cells formed by high-temperature annealing, or planar double heterojunction photovoltaic cells using the same archetypal materials systems.
Task and species generality of the “helplessness” phenomenon

Three groups (N = 9) of male albino mice were given six daily 2-h exposures to escapable, inescapable, orno electric shock. Shock was programmed on a 30-sec-on/30-sec-off alternating schedule. The pole-climbing behavior of an escapable shock S could terminate or prevent shock both for itself and for its yoked inescapable shock pair-member. AUSs then were given, after a 24-h rest, five water-escape trials in which swimming time was measured. The escapable shock S s learned the water-escape task faster than the no shock controlSs. The inescapable shock Ss swam increasingly slower over trials.
A case study on computer security for non-expert computer user

Computer security is a growing concern for many personal computer owners. Cyber crime has been on a constant rise. Many home computer owners don't realize that they need to pay attention to computer security very closely. This paper describes an investigation on both sides of a cyber attack. We measure the activities of a computer's inner workings while it is under attack. The intent is to reveal indications that an intrusion has occurred by showing events that occur when a personal computer user's password has been hacked. With this gained knowledge, a system can be put in place that can alert the user that his/her computer is under an attack. The main goal is to design a system that is easy for any novice computer user to use.
Experimental psychology in Germany before 1914: Aspects of an academic identity problem

Although the world's first continuously functioning psychological laboratory was founded in Germany by Wilhelm Wundt, this act did not lead to the establishment of experimental psychology as an independent discipline in the German university system. A brief description is offered of certain relevant features of that system, and of the ways in which Wundt and other experimenting psychologists sought to orient themselves and their work within it.
A tariff on a productive factor and import competing supply

A tariff on an imported factor of production such as energy or capital reduces the import as well as output in the general equilibrium of a small open economy. The present paper shows real income may rise, however, due to an increase in the import competing quantity supplied. The present competitive economy produces a single exported output with two factors of production, one purely domestic. The import competing price elasticity, shares of income and output, and factor substitution determine general equilibrium adjustments to a tariff on the imported factor.
Finite-Volume Methods for Isotachophoretic Separation in Microchannels

Numerical simulation results are obtained for isotachophoresis (ITP) in two-dimensional (2-D) straight microchannels. This 2-D ITP model is formulated based on finite-volume schemes using five ionic components: one leader, one terminator, two samples, and a counter-ion electrolyte. Distinct mobilities and diffusion coefficients are assigned to all ionic components, and an electric field is maintained along the channel to carry out the electrophoretic separation in the microchannel. The computer model is developed to solve the mass and charge conservation equations and to satisfy electroneutrality condition in the system. Three different finite-volume schemes, power-law, hybrid, and upwind, are tested to obtain the best numerical solution of this nonlinear electrophoretic problem. The normalized standard deviation technique is introduced to evaluate the performance of these three schemes. Numerical results show that the power-law scheme performs better; grid Peclet numbers up to 23 are acceptable for this ...
A contextual understanding of “Excellence” in the globalized communication network

This paper reports Chinese industry professionals' perceptions of “excellence” in professional communication. These findings are drawn from a larger-scale study (supported by a University Small Research Grant through Kansas State University) on Chinese professionals' needs for technical communication education. The entire study is scheduled to publish in IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication in 2010. Based on interviews with Chinese industry professionals, the author found that Chinese employees who otherwise all work in multinational companies and use English for workplace writing have different attitudes toward excellence in professional communication. This difference, I suggest, is caused partly by these professionals' different work environments: extra-national global and intra-national Chinese. Chinese global workers have a greater need for English proficiency and excellence in written communication than those working in China-based multinational companies. In addition, Chinese cultural perceptions of writing may lead some professionals to de-emphasize written communication. Based on these findings, the author suggests that technical communication teachers/trainers adjust their teaching approach when working with industry professionals from China and elsewhere to better promote excellence in communication.
Palliative care: a critical component of care for women

Abstract Palliative care is a part of the obligation of health professionals in their ongoing health care and advocacy for women. Key components of that care include understanding the approach to psychosocial issues as well as management of major symptoms of progressive disease, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms and pain management.
On linear modelling of non-linear systems†

In many cases of interest, systems described by non-linear differential equations are modelled by linear equations for purposes of synthesizing feedback controllers. A theorem relating the stability properties of the linear model and the non-linear system is presented and discussed.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonists Regulate Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates multiple target genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) is a secreted glycoprotein that modifies high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In humans, plasma CETP activity is inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol levels. We report here that PPARα agonists increase CETP mRNA, protein and accordingly its activity. In a human CETP transgenic animal model harboring the natural flanking regions (Jiang et al. in J Clin Investigat 90:1290–1295, 1992), both fenofibrate and a specific synthetic PPARα agonist LY970 elevated human CETP mRNA in liver, serum protein and CETP activity. In hamsters, the endogenous liver CETP mRNA level and the serum CETP activity were dose-dependently upregulated by fenofibrate. In addition Wy14643, a PPARα agonist, also significantly elevated CETP mRNA and activity. In a carcinoma cell line of hepatic origin, HepG2 cells, overexpression of PPARα resulted in increased CETP mRNA and agonist treatment further elevated CETP mRNA levels. We conclude that PPARα agonists upregulate CETP expression and activity and may play an important role in PPARα (agonist mediated HDL cholesterol homeostasis in humans.
Experimental Hypertension Induced by 19-Nor-Progesterone Treatment in the Rat*

Fifty-day-old unilaterally nephrectomized and 1% saline-drinking Sprague-Dawley CD male rats were divided into three comparable groups on the basis of blood pressure, body weight, and fluid intake. The control group received vehicle only, the second group received 19-nor-progesterone [19-norpregn- 4-ene-3,20-dione (19-Nor-Prog)] in a dose of 250 μg/24 h, and the third group received aldosterone-acetate (Aldo-Ac) in a dose of 125 μg/24 h, by means of Alzet osmotic minipumps implanted sc for 21 days. Both the 19-Nor-Prog- and the Aldo- Ac-treated rats became hypertensive to a similar degree in the course of the study. Rats given Aldo-Ac also developed polydipsia, decreased body weight, cardionephromegaly, and hypokalemia. The 19-Nor-Prog-treated rats showed no significant changes in heart and kidney weights. The hypertensinogenicity of 19- Nor-Prog is unrelated to significant changes in heart and kidney weight, as is the case with potent mineralocorticoids.
The multipliers of the simple groups of order 604,800 and 50,232,960

Abstract : The groups of the title were first characterized by Janko in terms of the centralizer of a central involution. If there are two classes of involutions, the group is the Hall-Janko group of order 604,800 = (2 to the 7th power) x (3 cubed) x (5 squared) x 7. It was first constructed by M. Hall, Jr. and we denote it by J sub 2. Otherwise there is only one class of involutions and the group is of order 50,232,960 = (2 to the 7th power) x (3 to the 5th power) x 5 x 17 x 19. This group was first constructed by G. Higman and J. McKay. We denote it by J sub 3. The main result is that the multiplier of J sub 2 has order 2 and that of J sub 3 has order 3. A consequence is that J sub 3 has a projective (complex) representation of degree 18. (Author)
Development of an automated optical inspection system for determining percent area coverage for spacecraft contamination control

This paper describes the use of an automated optical inspection system to determine the percent area coverage of particle matter on surfaces for determination of surface cleanliness in accordance with IEST-STD-CC1246 (formerly MIL-STD-1246). This system consists of an optical microscope, motor-driven X-Y stage, digital camera, and software and can be used to scan surfaces for particles with selected features; an example will be given of a scan for glass beads on Gel-Pak surfaces used to tape-lift spacecraft structure prior to shipment to a propulsion system supplier who prohibits glass beads from entering their facility.
Choques macroeconómicos y los precios de los activos. El caso argentino

This paper analyses the effects of external and domestic shocks on urban property prices and stock prices on the Argentinian economy. The paper employs SVAR models, with short-term restrictions, and quarterly data from 1993 to 2012. The results show that improvements in terms of trade and economic growth caused asset prices to rise. It also highlights the role of other macroeconomic shocks (GDP deflator, interest rates and real exchange rate), to explain the variability of these prices. Unlike in advanced economies, such as the United States, where certain asset prices accompany the expansion of credit, in Argentina these prices are more related to improvements in terms of trade and growth.
Personality characteristics of juvenile offenders: differences in the CPI by age at first arrest and frequency of offending

This report examined the personality differences of offenders who were classified by their age at first arrest and frequency of lifetime arrests using a large sample of juvenile delinquents. The offenders were assessed with the California Personality Inventory (CPI) between 1964 and 1965 and followed-up in 1984 and 1985 to obtain a 20-year arrest history. The data reported here suggest that most personality differences within criminals center on measures of normative orientation and values and on measures of cognitive and intellectual functioning. These personality findings are discussed within the context of broader theories of crime and delinquency.
Suicide and the MMPI: A Cross-Validation of Predictors.

Compared a suicide-completion group to a psychiatric control sample on the 13 traditional MMPI scales, three experimental item pools, and eight profile patterns earlier described as indicative of suicidal tendencies (N = 84). Also compared the frequencies with which the groups endorsed each of the 566 MMPI items. The number of resulting significant differences was less than chance. The results argue against the use of the MMPI to predict suicide at this time.
Studies of a homoserineless bradytroph of Neurospora crassa: Demonstration of an altered aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

Abstract 1. 1. Strain G184-1A (allele number 51504) of Neurospora crassa , classed as a homoserineless bradytroph, will grow at 85% of the wild type rate on minimal medium but only a long lag period. When small amounts of supplement are supplied, a second lag period occurs when the supplement is exhausted. 2. 2. An analysis of the free amino acid pool shows that the mutant can maintain threonine and isoleucine at nearly normal levels. Free methionine is not detected in either wild type or mutant. Cystathionine is nearly absent during the mutant growth lag and present at around half the normal level during maximal “leaky” growth. When the 51504 allele is combined with strain 9666, which accumulates homoserine, the homoserine accumulation is eliminated, indicating that the synthesis of homoserine by strain G184-1A gradually increases during growth until a maximal rate is attained. 3. 3. The mutant aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is altered in its ammonium sulfate solubility, pH optimum and stability at higher temperatures. It has a lower energy of activation than does the wild type enzyme. We conclude that the growth behavior of the mutant can be explained as the primary and secondary effects of a change in this enzyme.
“LISTENING THROUGH WHITE EARS”: CROSS‐RACIAL DIALOGUES AS A STRATEGY TO ADDRESS THE RACIAL EFFECTS OF GENTRIFICATION

Every month residents in a gentrifying Portland neighborhood gather for a cross-racial dialogue in which the long-term African American residents explain to the new white, middle-class residents ho...