cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why the scientific revolution did not take place in China--or didn't it?

In this study of early Chinese scientific thought and practice, the author examines the manner in which Chinese scientific and technical studies related to the rest of their thought, and how this impaired the mathematization of hypotheses about Nature, and therefore, the development of modern science in China. Taking as a starting point his study of the works of Shen Kua (1031–1095), the author, through a thorough-going critique of previous work on the Scientific Revolution problem which exposes its assumptions, fallacies and inadequacies, suggests that the initial heuristic question of the title has served its purpose and considers some of the factors that would need to be explored before a comparative history of scientific development can become a possibility.
Unusual Characteristics of the DNA Binding Domain of Epigenetic Regulatory Protein MeCP2 Determine Its Binding Specificity

The protein MeCP2 mediates epigenetic regulation by binding methyl-CpG (mCpG) sites on chromatin. MeCP2 consists of six domains of which one, the methyl binding domain (MBD), binds mCpG sites in duplex DNA. We show that solution conditions with physiological or greater salt concentrations or the presence of nonspecific competitor DNA is necessary for the MBD to discriminate mCpG from CpG with high specificity. The specificity for mCpG over CpG is >100-fold under these solution conditions. In contrast, the MBD does not discriminate hydroxymethyl-CpG from CpG. The MBD is unusual among site-specific DNA binding proteins in that (i) specificity is not conferred by the enhanced affinity for the specific site but rather by suppression of its affinity for generic DNA, (ii) its specific binding to mCpG is highly electrostatic, and (iii) it takes up as well as displaces monovalent cations upon DNA binding. The MBD displays an unusually high affinity for single-stranded DNA independent of modification or sequence. In addition, the MBD forms a discrete dimer on DNA via a noncooperative binding pathway. Because the affinity of the second monomer is 1 order of magnitude greater than that of nonspecific binding, the MBD dimer is a unique molecular complex. The significance of these results in the context of neuronal function and development and MeCP2-related developmental disorders such as Rett syndrome is discussed.
System-Level Power Analysis of a Multicore Multipower Domain Processor With ON-Chip Voltage Regulators

In this paper, we study two different ON-chip power delivery schemes, namely, fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) and low-dropout regulator (LDO), and analyze their effect on total system power under process variation, assuming a realistic dynamic voltage–frequency scaling (DVFS) system. The impact of different task scheduling algorithms on the overall system power was also analyzed. We find that in a hypothetical 256-core processor, under a per-core DVFS assumption, the FIVR-based power delivery consumes 20% less power than the LDO-based one for a 50% throughput. However, as the number of cores in the processor reduces, the difference in power consumption between the FIVR-based and LDO-based power delivery schemes becomes smaller. For example, in the case of a 16-core processor with per-core DVFS capability, FIVR-based design was found to consume about the same power as the LDO-based design.
Analysis and Optimization of Knowledge Sharing in an Knowledge Asymmetry Networks

Tacit knowledge sharing and transfer is a important step for knowledge management,and constructing taict knowledge sharing and transfer network is an important approach to enhance the efficiency of knowledge sharing and transfer.Because of different sharing and transfer patterns of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge,the methods to improve efficiency of knowledge sharing and transfer are different.This paper constructs knowledge sharing and transfer network in view of behaviors,analyzes mutual relations between network members and computes the optimum knowledge transfer path.Social network analysis(SNA) is applied to analyze and optimize transfer path for tacit in order to improve tacit knowledge sharing.
Surveillance of the Measles IgM Antibody in Hanbing District of Ankang City during 2004—2006

[Objective]To learn the epidemic features of measles in Hanbin District of Ankang City and explore relevant control countermeasures.[Methods] Retrospective analysis was made on the measles cases in Hanbin District of Ankang City during 2004—2006.[Results] Within three years,135 serum samples of suspected measles in early period were tested,80 of which were found with positive measles IgM antibody(59.26%);the positive rates in the years of 2004,2005 and 2006 were 59.09%,61.54% and 58.46% respectively;the positive rates of the patients under one year old and over 15 years old were 60.00% and 61.90% respectively;there were also patients under 8 months or over 20 years old.[Conclusion]Measles vaccine immunization coverage rate and immunization successful rate should be improved,meanwhile,measles immunization should be emphasized among the women of children bearing age.
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study

Background:Occupational pesticide use is associated with lung cancer in some, but not all, epidemiologic studies. In the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), we previously reported positive association...
The influence of somatostatin on glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in the isolated perfused human pancreas

The current study was undertaken to determine whether intraislet somatostatin regulates glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in the human pancreas. A high-affinity, high-specificity monoclonal somatostatin antibody (CURE.S6) was used to immunoneutralize somatostatin in the isolated, perfused human pancreas. Single-pass perfusion was performed in pancreata obtained from cadaveric organ donors using a modified Krebs media with either 3.9 or 12.9 mM glucose. Sequential test periods separated by basal periods were performed with infusion of either exogenous somatostatin-14 (SS-14), CURE.S6, or a combined infusion. Infusion of SS-14 did not significantly alter glucagon or PP secretion during low-glucose or high-glucose perfusion. Immunoneutralization of intraislet somatostatin with CURE.S6 resulted in a significant increase of glucagon secretion under low-glucose conditions (ΔX=15±3 pM) (p<0.05), but did not significantly effect glucagon secretion under high-glucose conditions (ΔX=−2±3 pM) (p=NS). PP secretion remained unchanged during CURE.S6 infusion. Combined infusion of SS-14 and CURE.S6 did not significantly alter glucagon or PP secretion. The data suggest that intraislet somatostatin may have an inhibitory role in the regulation of glucagon secretion during low-glucose conditions and that intraislet somatostatin does not regulate PP secretion in the isolated, perfused human pancreas.
Microwave Performance of Niobium/Kapton Superconducting Flexible Cables

Flexible superconducting Nb microstrip transmission line cables, with lengths of $\sim$ 5 cm, were fabricated using 2 mil (50.8 $\mu$ m) thick E-series Kapton films. A 50 nm Ti layer was used to improve the adhesion of sputter-deposited 250-nm-thick Nb signal line and ground plane metallization. The signal traces of the microstrip were directly interfaced with edge-launch SMA connectors and measured up to 14 GHz in liquid He. For comparison, we also fabricated normal conductor (Ti/Cu) microstrip transmission lines with a similar design. The microwave performance of the Nb-based transmission lines indicates significantly lower intrinsic insertion loss (less than $\sim$ 0.02 dB/cm) compared to the Cu-based microstrip measured at 4.2 K to have a loss of $\sim$ 0.57 dB/cm.
Interactions between the Protein Kinase C (PKC) and the Calcineurin-Phosphatase (CP) Pathways in Differentiation of HL-60 Promyeloblasts into Dendritic Cells (DC).

Abstract Continuing success in identifying tumor-specific antigens supports further implementing and refining immunologic strategies to target cancer more specifically. Intracellular signals responsible for differentiation and lineage commitment of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells remain largely undefined. We have previously reported that blockade of PKC with 2-[1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-maleimide, also known as bisindolylmaleimide- I inhibits morphologic, phenotypic and functional differentiation of HL-60 myeloid blasts into DC by calcium mobilization with the calcium ionophore A23187. To further analyze the interdependence between the PKC and the CP pathways, we evaluated whether blockade of the CP pathway with cyclosporine A (CSA) affects the ability of the PKC agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce DC differentiation of HL-60 myeloblasts. We pre-treated the HL-60 myeloblasts with the CP inhibitor CSA at a dose of 50 ng/ml x 24 hrs, followed by the PMA at 10 ng/ml x 24 hrs or 48 hrs. On a pilot dose evalaution, we noted that a majority of HL-60 myeloblasts pre-treated with CSA x 24 hrs died upon exposure for ≥48 hrs PMA afterwards; therefore, PMA x 24 hrs was selected. Controls consisted of media, CSA (50 ng/ml x 24 hrs) and PMA (10 ng/ml x 24 hrs). We noted that pre-treatment of HL-60 myeloblasts with CSA→PMA, failed to inhibit development of DC-morphologic features; and on phase-contrast microscopy they were similar to those treated with PMA alone. Media and CSA (alone) treated myeloblasts did not develop DC morphology. Addidtionally, we evaluated the ability of HL-60 derived DC to activate allogeneic T-cells by CD69 activation. We noted that blasts treated with PMA upregulated expression of CD69 in allogeneic T-cells suggesting T-cell activation. Interestingly, pre-treatment of HL-60 blasts with CSA→PMA did not prevent T-cell activation (similar to PMA alone). Media and CSA (alone) treated promyeloblasts failed to induce T-cell activation. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the calcineurin-phosphatase pathway with CSA does not inhibit morphologic and functional differentiation of HL-60→ DC by direct PKC signaling with PMA.
The monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor deprenyl increases selection of high-effort activity in rats tested on a progressive ratio/chow feeding choice procedure: Implications for treating motivational dysfunctions.

Abstract Motivated behaviors often are characterized by a high degree of behavioral activation and work output, and organisms frequently make effort-related decisions based upon cost/benefit analyses. Moreover, people with depression and other disorders frequently show effort-related motivational symptoms, such as anergia, psychomotor retardation, and fatigue. Tasks measuring effort-related choice are being used as animal models of these motivational symptoms. The present studies characterized the ability of the monoamine oxidase –B (MAO-B) inhibitor deprenyl (selegiline) to enhance selection of high-effort lever pressing in rats tested on a concurrent progressive ratio (PROG)/chow feeding choice task. Deprenyl is widely used as an antiparkinsonian drug, but it also has been shown to have antidepressant effects in humans, and to induce antidepressant-like effects in traditional rodent models of depression. Systemic administration of deprenyl (1.5–12.0 mg/kg IP) shifted choice behavior, significantly increasing markers of PROG lever pressing at a moderate dose (6.0 mg/kg), and decreasing chow intake at 6.0 and 12.0 mg/kg. Intracranial injections of deprenyl into nucleus accumbens (2.0 and 4.0 μg) also increased PROG lever pressing and decreased chow intake. Microdialysis studies showed that the dose of deprenyl that was effective at increasing PROG lever pressing (6.0 mg/kg) also significantly elevated extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens. Thus, similar to the well-known antidepressant bupropion, deprenyl is capable of increasing selection of high-effort PROG lever pressing at doses that increase extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens. These studies have implications for the potential use of MAO-B inhibitors as treatments for the motivational symptoms of depression and Parkinsonism.
Multiple benefits of alloparental care in a fluctuating environment

Although cooperatively breeding vertebrates occur disproportionately in unpredictable environments, the underlying mechanism shaping this biogeographic pattern remains unclear. Cooperative breeding may buffer against harsh conditions (hard life hypothesis), or additionally allow for sustained breeding under benign conditions (temporal variability hypothesis). To distinguish between the hard life and temporal variability hypotheses, we investigated whether the number of alloparents at a nest increased reproductive success or load-lightening in superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus), and whether these two types of benefits varied in harsh and benign years. We found that mothers experienced both types of benefits consistent with the temporal variability hypothesis, as larger contingents of alloparents increased the number of young fledged while simultaneously allowing mothers to reduce their provisioning rates under both harsh and benign rainfall conditions. By contrast, fathers experienced load-lightening only under benign rainfall conditions, suggesting that cooperative breeding may serve to take advantage of unpredictable benign breeding seasons when they do occur. Cooperative breeding in unpredictable environments may thus promote flexibility in offspring care behaviour, which could mitigate variability in the cost of raising young. Our results highlight the importance of considering how offspring care decisions vary among breeding roles and across fluctuating environmental conditions.
Exploring the parameters of intensity, frequency, and duration within the constraint induced movement therapy published research: A content analysis.

Background Neurological rehabilitation specialists must determine appropriate dosage, consisting of frequency, intensity, and duration of specified treatments. Objective The objective of this study was to perform a content analysis of the current literature related to dosage (duration, frequency and intensity) for constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in the adult population. Methods A content analysis was conducted which yielded 62 scholarly articles. Results The frequency of CIMT ranged from 1 to 7 days per week with the average frequency being 4.98 days. The duration of CIMT, ranged from 2 to 10 weeks with the average duration 3.14 weeks. All three components of dosage were reported collectively in outcomes studies conducted in inpatient settings and rehabilitation clinics. Conclusions The findings provide a groundwork for evidence based practice for clinician in the application of CIMT dosage with consideration of settings and CIMT components.
Environmental enrichment facilitates cocaine abstinence in an animal conflict model.

Abstract In this study, we sought to discover if housing in an enriched environment (EE) is an efficacious intervention for encouraging abstinence from cocaine seeking in an animal “conflict” model of abstinence. Sixteen Long-Evans rats were trained in 3-h daily sessions to self-administer a cocaine solution (1 mg/kg/infusion) until each demonstrated a stable pattern of drug-seeking. Afterward, half were placed in EE cages equipped with toys, obstacles, and a running wheel, while the other half were given clean, standard laboratory housing. All rats then completed daily 30-min sessions during which the 2/3 of flooring closest to the self-administration levers was electrified, causing discomfort should they approach the levers; current strength (mA) was increased after every day of drug seeking until the rat ceased activity on the active lever for 3 consecutive sessions (abstinence). Rats housed in EE abstained after fewer days and at lower current strengths than rats in standard housing. These results support the idea that EE administered after the development of a cocaine-taking habit may be an effective strategy to facilitate abstinence.
Nature and Action of Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis

This article discusses antibodies associated with immune-mediated myasthenia gravis and the pathologic action of these antibodies at the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle. To explain how these antibodies act, we consider the physiology of neuromuscular transmission with emphasis on 4 features: the structure of the neuromuscular junction; the roles of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated Na+ channels and in converting the chemical signal from the nerve terminal into a propagated action potential on the muscle fiber that triggers muscle contraction; the safety factor for neuromuscular transmission; and how the safety factor is reduced in different forms of autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
The Toyota Production System: “The Scent of the Cornered Ferret”

This case provides a history of Toyota and describes the famed Toyota Production System (TPS). It follows the company from its founding, in 1933, up to 2007. The case can be used to introduce TPS as well as to discuss the factors necessary to sustain a corporate strategy through long periods of international growth.
Abandoned Ships and Ship Graveyards: Exploring Site Significance and Research Potential

The remnants of noncatastrophically lost, deliberately discarded watercraft have been a subject of maritime historical and archaeological enquiry for quite some time. Studies of ships reutilized as boat burials and votive offerings, or transformed into foundations, buildings, and other structures, are well known in maritime archaeological literature. Less common are studies of collections of vessels abandoned by their owners at the conclusion of their useful lives. Nevertheless, this research does exist; occurring in the context of the discovery of buried assemblages of watercraft, surveys of huge collections of inundated vessels, and detailed studies of isolated intertidal hulk sites. This chapter will explore themes surrounding the significance and research potential of these abandoned ship resources.
Cost analysis of post surgical whole body scan for decision-making in I-131 radioablation following total thyroidectomy

1270 Objectives: We quantified the fraction of papillary thyroid cancer patients who showed residual functioning thyroid tissue on a high-dose I-131 scan following complete thyroid resection. This data was then used to develop a cost analysis comparison between the recommendation of proceeding directly to thyroid ablation after total thyroidectomy versus obtaining a low-dose (148 MBq) I-131 metastatic survey (prescan) prior to radioablation. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we performed a retrospective chart review utilizing the hospital RIS/PACS system of 225 patients dating back to 2001 who had received ablative I-131 therapy for Graves’ Disease and papillary/follicular variant of thyroid cancer. Of these, 147 patients received ablative I-131 (3.7 – 7.4 GBq) treatment as the first dose after total thyroidectomy. Scans in these patients were reviewed for evidence of residual functioning tissue in the thyroid bed. Cost analysis for the post thyroid therapy was performed using literature values for sensitivity (77%) and specificity (100%) with prevalence defined by the results of this survey. CMS reimbursement rates were used for the whole body scan and I-131 therapy costs. Results: In 97% of patients (N=142), the follow-up whole body I-131 scan (typically performed 7-10 days after ingestion of I-131) showed evidence of residual functioning tissue in the thyroid bed. Using this value as the prevalence, overall cost to proceed directly to ablation (no prescan) is slightly less ($19/patient) than the cost of treating only those patients with a positive prescan. Using decision analysis applied to our patient population, approximately 31 patients with a false negative prescan would go untreated, while treating all patients results in overtreatment of 5 patients. Conclusions: In this study 97% of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy had residual tissue on follow-up high-dose whole body I-131 scan. There is an overall cost savings of $19/patient to treat all patients without first obtaining a low-dose post-surgical scan. In addition, since the low-dose whole body scan has limited sensitivity, up to 22% of patients may be inadequately treated if therapy is based only on a positive low-dose scan.
Spatially Varying Turbulence Production in Tidal Channels

Abstract Effects of spatially varying turbulence production in tidal channels are calculated using an analytical model. The model is developed from the boundary layer form of the equation of motion and an eddy viscosity representation for Reynolds shear stress. The eddy viscosity is calculated using the turbulence kinetic energy equation. A perturbation method is applied to solve for turbulence kinetic energy and the vertical distribution of current. It is found that when turbulence production is spatially varying, advection of the inhomogeneous turbulence field introduces an asymmetric time dependence into the effective viscosity. One result of the hysteresis in the stress/current relationship is the formation of residual currents.
Cortical dynamics within and between parietal and motor cortex in essential tremor.

Background Evidence from functional imaging in essential tremor suggests that activity within parietal and motor cortices may be associated with worsening of tremor at increased visual feedback. Objectives Examine how cortical oscillations within these regions and the connectivity between these regions is associated with worsening of tremor in essential tremor in response to high visual feedback. Method The study included 24 essential tremor participants and 17 controls. We measured cortical activity and tremor magnitude at low and high feedback conditions. Cortical activity was measured using high-density electroencephalogram and isolated using source localization. Results Changes in power across feedback in the 4-12 Hz and 12-30 Hz bands were reduced within the contralateral motor cortex of essential tremor patients compared to controls. The 12-30 Hz bidirectional connectivity between the parietal and contralateral motor cortex was decreased in essential tremor patients. Worsening of tremor from low to high visual feedback was associated with 4-12 Hz activity in contralateral motor cortex. The greatest separation between groups was found when using the difference of the contralateral motor cortex activity at high and low feedback, rather than either feedback condition alone. Conclusion Our findings provide new evidence that tremor in essential tremor is associated with reduced power across feedback in the motor cortex and reduced connectivity between the parietal and motor cortices. Combined with previous work on the cerebellar-thalamo-cortical motor circuit, our findings suggest that the network level disturbances associated with essential tremor extend to the cortico-cortical pathway between the parietal cortex and motor cortex. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Firm formation and survival in the shale boom

We examine the geographical and temporal effects of the technological changes that led to the U.S. shale oil and gas boom. We assess changes in U.S. county rates of entrepreneurship and survival rates of existing businesses across different industries in response to the innovations that led to energy development in counties with shale resources. We employ a panel difference-in-differences approach and rely on the geological determination of the location of shale resources and the unexpected innovation in shale extraction as our source of exogeneity. We find that temporal impacts obscure effects that would look small if we only examined average effects. Namely, new firm formation and sales initially decrease in boom regions, followed by a positive trend after the initial disruption. While new firm formation eventually recovers after many years, the overall impact on business dynamism is negative, suggesting that the areas most affected by this technological change may not benefit.
Net neutrality: unexpected solution to blockchain scaling

Cloud-delivery networks could dramatically improve blockchains' scalability, but clouds must be provably neutral first.
Unilateral destruction of the medial agranular cortical projection zone in the dorsocentral striatum produces severe neglect in rats

Physiological studies have indicated that neglect and recovery from neglect induced by unilateral lesions of the medial agranular cortex (AGm) in rats is correlated with reductions of metabolic activity and plastic changes in glutamate receptors in the dorsolateral quadrant of the striatum. The dorsolateral quadrant of the striatum encompasses the dorsocentral striatum (DCS), the projection zone of AGm efferents. Although these changes in function in the dorsolateral striatum are correlated with neglect and behavioral recovery, direct evidence for the role of this region is lacking. In the present study, we examined the behavioral effects of unilateral destruction of the DCS on neglect, as assessed by orientation to visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation. Subjects received a unilateral N-methyl-d-aspartate lesion of the DCS, a control lesion in a laterally adjacent site in the striatum, or an injection of vehicle into the DCS. The subjects were tested for neglect three times per week for 3 weeks by rating the magnitude of orientation to visual, tactile, and auditory stimulation. The results indicate that the DCS group demonstrated significantly more severe neglect than did the lesion control group or the vehicle controls. The results suggest that the DCS is part of a system for appropriate orientation to sensory stimuli in rats and that the DCS may play a pivotal role in behavioral recovery from neglect produced by AGm lesions.
A randomized controlled pilot study of the University of Minnesota mentoring excellence training academy: A hybrid learning approach to research mentor training.

Introduction Research mentor training is a valuable professional development activity. Options for training customization (by delivery mode, dosage, content) are needed to address the many critical attributes of effective mentoring relationships and to support mentors in different institutional settings. Methods We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate a hybrid mentor training approach consisting of an innovative, 90-minute, self-paced, online module (Optimizing the Practice of Mentoring, OPM) followed by workshops based on the Entering Mentoring (EM) curriculum. Mentors (n = 59) were randomized to intervention or control arms; the control condition was receipt of a two-page mentoring tip sheet. Surveys (pre, post, 3-month follow up) and focus groups assessed training impact (self-appraised knowledge, skills, behavior change) and participants' perceptions of the blended training model. Results The intervention (∼6.5 hours) produced significant improvements in all outcomes, including skills gains on par with those reported previously for the 8-hour EM model. Knowledge gains and intention-to-change mentoring practices were realized after completion of OPM and augmented by the in-person sessions. Mentors valued the synergy of the blended learning format, noting the unique strengths of each modality and specific benefits to completing a foundational online module before in-person engagement. Conclusions Findings from this pilot trial support the value of e-learning approaches, both as standalone curricula or as a component of hybrid implementation models, for the professional development of research mentors.
Managerial Aspirations and Suspect Leaders: The Effect of Relative Performance and Leader Succession on Organizational Misconduct

Explanations of organizational misconduct frequently point to declining firm performance and/or the actions of unethical or suspect leaders. Evidence that high-performing firms act illegally or unethically is an enigma. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues by exploring organizational performance using aspirational rather than absolute measures (i.e., social and self-referenced performance vs ROE or ROI) and examining the effect that suspect leader succession has on the increased probability of organizational misconduct. Our analysis of 128 collegiate football programs competing between 1953 and 2016 reveals an increased likelihood of misconduct among organizations with strong as well as weak performance, most notably in comparison to competitive peer programs. Social- and self-referenced aspirations produced distinct relationships between relative performance and misconduct. The impact of leader succession was conditional. The data revealed an increased likelihood of infraction episodes with the appointment of suspect leaders. In some instances, however, a reduced likelihood of misconduct accompanied succession events involving untainted leaders.
1. IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A STRUCTURED EXPERIENCE IN MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH

Background Mental and behavioral health (MBH) is an underserved area in pediatrics. Increasingly, pediatricians are called upon to be first line providers for children with MBH needs, and the ABP has charged residency programs with meeting this need by bolstering educational initiatives in MBH. Objective Create an MBH rotation to improve residents' ability to evaluate and treat ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Methods A 2-week rotation in MBH was added to the PL-1 year, with experiences on an inpatient psychiatric consult service, in community psychiatry clinics, in subspecialty clinics with psychologists, and in continuity clinic with a behavioral health coordinator. Supplemental readings and online modules in psychopharmacology, depression, anxiety and ADHD were available for self-study. PL-1s were surveyed at the start of residency to determine baseline knowledge and confidence in MBH, and they completed the same survey after the rotation. PL-3 residents who did not participate in the rotation were also surveyed. Survey responses were compared by t-test. Results After the rotation, a significantly higher proportion of PL-1s answered questions regarding evaluation and treatment of ADHD, anxiety, and depression correctly compared to before the rotation; self-reported facility with management of these conditions also significantly increased (Fig. 1A). PL-1s' post-rotation knowledge of ADHD management was equal to that of PL-3s', and PL-1s' knowledge of anxiety and depression management was significantly higher than PL-3s'. Similarly, self-reported ability to manage ADHD was equivalent between the 2 groups and statistically higher for PL-1s with respect to anxiety and depression (Fig. 1B). Conclusions Our PL-1s' ability to manage common pediatric mental health conditions was increased by participation in a structured MBH rotation. These gains were equivalent or superior to knowledge acquired longitudinally by senior residents through incidental clinical experiences, suggesting that structured experiences in mental and behavioral health may be more effective.
Droplet digital PCR quantification of norovirus and adenovirus in decentralized wastewater and graywater collections: Implications for onsite reuse.

Abstract Risk-based treatment of onsite wastewaters for decentralized reuse requires information on the occurrence and density of pathogens in source waters, which differ from municipal wastewater due to scaling and dilution effects in addition to variable source contributions. In this first quantitative report of viral enteric pathogens in onsite-collected graywater and wastewater, untreated graywater (n = 50 samples) and combined wastewater (i.e., including blackwater; n = 28) from three decentralized collection systems were analyzed for two norovirus genogroups (GI/GII) and human adenoviruses using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Compared to traditional quantitative PCR (qPCR), which had insufficient sensitivity to quantify viruses in graywater, ddPCR allowed quantification of norovirus GII and adenovirus in 4% and 14% of graywater samples, respectively (none quantifiable for norovirus GI). Norovirus GII was routinely quantifiable in combined wastewater by either PCR method (96% of samples), with well-correlated results between the analyses (R2 = 0.96) indicating a density range of 5.2–7.9 log10 genome copies/L. These concentrations are greater than typically reported in centralized municipal wastewater, yet agree well with an epidemiology-based model previously used to develop pathogen log-reduction targets (LRTs) for decentralized non-potable water systems. Results emphasize the unique quality of onsite wastewaters, supporting the previous LRTs and further quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of decentralized water reuse.
Impact of pharmacist-managed immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities.

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with unique autoimmune side effects that differ from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pharmacists may play an important role in providing ke...
Using School Climate to Improve Attendance and Grades: Understanding the Importance of School Satisfaction Among Middle and High School Students.

BACKGROUND: Students with chronic absences tend to struggle academically and may not benefit fully from all school has to offer. A positive school climate has been shown to reduce absenteeism and promote academic success. In this study, we explored how a positive school climate and high satisfaction with school may influence absences and academic performance.
Provision of Non-Audit Services and Individuals' InvestmentDecisions: Experimental Evidence

We conduct an experiment to investigate whether concerns about an auditor's independence and reputation affect individuals' investment decisions. We examine whether the disclosure of audit and non-audit fees affects participants' investment decisions. We find that investment in clients of a less reputable auditor is reduced relative to that in other companies when non-audit fees exceed audit fees. Participants' investment in companies audited by a reputable auditor, however, is not affected by fee disclosures.
Evaluation of Discipline-Specific Outcomes Through a Multidisciplinary Team Clinic for Patients With Isolated Cleft Palate.

Objective:To describe the incidence and timing of provider-specific interventions for children with isolated cleft palate.Design:This was a retrospective cohort study involving review of medical re...
Precision measurement of the electron orbital gyromagnetic factor: relativistic contributions from zitterbewegung

The contribution, by zitterbewegung, to a probable correction to the electron orbital g-factor is calculated. For an electron in a magnetic field, the orbital g-factor gL is not equal to 1 exactly,...
Effect of Pd Coordination and Isolation on the Catalytic Reduction of O2 to H2O2 over PdAu Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 + O2 → H2O2) may enable low-cost H2O2 production and reduce environmental impacts of chemical oxidations. Here, we synthesize a series of Pd1Aux nanoparticles (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 220, ∼10 nm) and show that, in pure water solvent, H2O2 selectivity increases with the Au to Pd ratio and approaches 100% for Pd1Au220. Analysis of in situ XAS and ex situ FTIR of adsorbed 12CO and 13CO show that materials with Au to Pd ratios of ∼40 and greater expose only monomeric Pd species during catalysis and that the average distance between Pd monomers increases with further dilution. Ab initio quantum chemical simulations and experimental rate measurements indicate that both H2O2 and H2O form by reduction of a common OOH* intermediate by proton-electron transfer steps mediated by water molecules over Pd and Pd1Aux nanoparticles. Measured apparent activation enthalpies and calculated activation barriers for H2O2 and H2O formation both increase as Pd is diluted by Au, even beyond the complete loss of Pd-Pd coordination. These effects impact H2O formation more significantly, indicating preferential destabilization of transition states that cleave O-O bonds reflected by increasing H2O2 selectivities (19% on Pd; 95% on PdAu220) but with only a 3-fold reduction in H2O2 formation rates. The data imply that the transition states for H2O2 and H2O formation pathways differ in their coordination to the metal surface, and such differences in site requirements require that we consider second coordination shells during the design of bimetallic catalysts.
Teaching and Learning for LGBTQ Justice: An Examination of a Professional Learning Series for Faculty Development in Health and Helping Fields

Bernstein (International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 4(2), 2010) argued that “the goal of SoTL is to have every teacher treat every course as an opportunity to learn how to create better learning environments and generate richer educational experiences” (p. 4). However, it has only been in the last decade that scholars have made explicit connections between SoTL and educating for social justice (e.g., Gilpin & Liston in International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 3(2), 2009; Leibowitz & Bozalek in Teaching in Higher Education 21(2): 109–122, 2016; Liston & Rahimi, 2017). This chapter adds to this growing body of literature. We describe a Professional Development Learning Series designed to foster lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) justice by increasing the cultural competence of university faculty in the health and helping professions. Through the LGBTQ Professional Learning Series, university faculty increased their cultural competence and developed the capacity to transform classroom and clinical education for college students preparing to enter the health and helping fields.
Stargate: remote data access between hadoop clusters

The transfer of large-scale datasets between geographically separated systems is a challenge in scientific computing, made even more complicated when the systems are clusters of computers. In this paper we present Stargate, a file system that enables efficient on-demand remote data access for Hadoop-based scientific computations. Stargate uses a content-addressable protocol, on-demand access, and multi-tier caching to address the challenges of large data transfers over a WAN. Stargate also uses a novel approach that co-locates computations and transfers to achieve efficient data access in cluster computing. Unlike other approaches, Stargate is implemented as an independent file system service that works with any computation framework. In our experiments Stargate's performance on heavy I/O workloads was 7% faster than WebHDFS and only 8% slower than HDFS. In addition, Stargate's caches effectively trade high-cost WAN traffic for low-cost LAN traffic. Stargate's performance, on-demand data access, and reduction in WAN traffic make it a good platform for providing remote dataset access to scientific computations on clusters.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Program and Participant Factors That Explain Success in a Micropolitan Pediatric Weight Management Intervention.

Background: Building Healthy Families (BHF) was developed through a community–academic partnership to provide a 12-week family-based obesity treatment program. Nine cohorts of BHF have been deliver...
A Cook’s Tour of Other Universal Constructions

Having carefully examined the free group construction, we now explore other universal constructions, noting similarities and differences. The examples studied include groups presented by generators and relations, Burnside groups, products and coproducts of groups (leading to the contrast between left and right universal constructions), similar constructions for monoids, rings, and Boolean rings, and constructions connecting one sort of structure to another (e.g., abelianizations of groups). For perspective, we also look at the topological constructions of Stone-Cech compactification, and of universal covering spaces.
Introduction: (Mis)Leading

This special issue of the Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies marries together two of the most important aspects of graduate student development - conference participation and publication. To celebrate the high standard of scholarship produced by graduate students at not only the University of Iowa but also schools around the nation, the Journal created a special issue specifically for scholars who present at the Craft Critique Culture Conference. This conference, hosted by the English department graduate students at the University of Iowa, offers graduate students the unique opportunity to present research as well as creative writing and art. This issue is the first time the three have come together, and it is an exemplar of the high quality work graduate students generate.The Craft Critique Culture Conference is in its fifteenth year as a graduate student-run organization. It has a long tradition of creative, innovative conference themes as well as attracting brilliant senior scholars to participate as keynote speakers. The 2014 CCC collected together presenters under the theme "Mis-Leading" and brought Dr. Marah Gubar to Iowa. Dr. Gubar, herself an enthusiastic supporter of graduate student work, offered a unique keynote address that worked through the complexities and rewards of forging new paths in scholarship, a path she called the "third way." Her talk encouraged young scholars to trust their instincts about the texts they work with and their personal reactions to scholarship they read. It is in those reactions, she argued, that one can find something different and new to bring to the conversation. In the spirit of her talk, Journal editors took to the conference panels to identify strong papers that create new ways in scholarship.Following the theme of the conference, the articles collected here each illustrate a new way of considering literature, historical events, or contemporary culture that illuminate complexities, demonstrate misleading assumptions, and engage "third ways." For example, Justin Cosner engages with the misleading representations of religious faith in Charles Brockden-Brown's Wieland, arguing that the text illuminates a larger critique of the impulse to assert religious certainty and totalizing rational understanding of the world in nineteenth-century America. Turning to more contemporary literature, Faith Avery's discussion of Toni Morrison's Tar Baby argues for the misleading nature of selfishness throughout the novel. Avery argues that Morrison's readers are asked to question whether selfishness in the name of individuality is akin to "selling out" in the case of the novel's protagonist, Jadine. Avery points out how this misleading contradiction allows Morrison to direct ethical examination in the novel toward issues of racial and cultural re-appropriation. Together, these articles present the importance of questioning typical or mainstream critical narratives as each demonstrates the way scholarship can redirected from misleading understandings of both literature and culture. …
Leucine-rich repeat containing 8a (LRRC8A) is a novel T cell co-stimulatory receptor for T cell activation (IRC2P.453)

LRCC8A is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor necessary for lymphocyte development. The role of LRRC8A in peripheral T cell function is unknown. We now demonstrate that LRRC8A ligation enhances TCR-driven T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. LRRC8A co-capped with the TCR/CD3 complex after anti-CD3 stimulation, and its ligation led to the phosphorylation of AKT through a Src kinase-Zap-70-PI3K pathway. A GST-LRRC8A fusion protein containing the extracellular leucine-rich region of LRRC8A bound to fibroblasts and keratinocytes, but not dendritic cells or B cells, indicating that non-professional APCs express a ligand for LRRC8A. The LRRC8A receptor-ligand interaction was essential for T cell proliferation to antigen presented by non-professional APCs, and for tissue inflammation induced by contact hypersensitivity to hapten. LRRC8A functions as a co-stimulatory receptor for T cell activation by non-professional APCs. Blocking LRRC8A signaling may be useful in the treatment of T cell-driven inflammatory diseases.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF GROUP

Human infants do not play competitive games, do not enter primary relations, and do not interact meaningfully beyond the dyadic state (DeFleur 1966; Parten, Newhall 1943; Baldwin 1955; Maier 1965). There is no agreement on a chronological age when complex abstract concepts of social relations begin to develop. Some say it is from ages 6 to 8 (DeFleur 1966; Vinacke 1954) or 8 to 10 (Sullivan 1953). Piaget believes that conceptual development in children occurs in ordinal rather than interval stages (Flavell 1963). If there is movement in conceptual development, it may be possible to measure it and to indicate its direction. Persons may be arranged along the continuum of no concept to complete concept in relative positions based on such limiting factors as chronological age, mental age, social expectation and social opportunity
Utilizing panoramic views for visually guided tasks in underwater robotics applications

There has been an increasing interest in developing vision systems and technologies that support the operation of unmanned submersible platforms. Selected examples include the detection of obstacles and tracking of moving targets, station keeping and positioning, pipeline following, navigation, and mapping. These developments rely on images from standard CCD cameras. We propose the use of these images for the construction of panoramic views that are then utilized for a number of applications, capabilities, and operational modes of underwater vehicles; scenarios that are also common in airborne and space robotics applications. We describe two prototype imaging systems in forward-looking and down-looking configurations, designed and built from 6 off-the-shelf security cameras, also addressing a number of issues for preprocessing the data to construct these views. We study each of a number of critical capabilities and describe the potential use of the panoramic imaging system, presenting various examples to demonstrate the applications.
Elissa Stein and Susan Kim. Flow: The Cultural Story of Menstruation

Flow is an extravagant menstrual products sampler, from front to rear. A varnished, red-clad swimsuit model from the 1940s appears on the cover. The O of Flow cuts across the voluptuous model's mid...
Racial Harassment/Discrimination

Racial discrimination is a pervasive element of social relationships in racially stratified societies. This article provides an overview of a rapidly growing body of scientific research that suggests that perceived discrimination is a stressor that adversely affects physical and mental health. Important conceptual and methodological issues in this emerging area of research are also considered.
TRP channels in Drosophila photoreceptor cells

TRP cation channels are conserved throughout animal phylogeny and include many members that function in sensory physiology. The founding TRP is required for Drosophila phototransduction and has served as a paradigm for unravelling the roles and macromolecular organizations of TRP channels in native tissues. Two other TRPC channels, TRPL and TRPγ, are expressed in photoreceptor cells and form heteromultimers with TRP and with each other. TRP is a member of a supramolecular signalling complex, the signalplex, which includes the PDZ scaffold protein, INAD, and two other core members that remain bound and depend on INAD for localization. Other INAD binding proteins are proposed to interact dynamically with INAD, one of which, TRPL, undergoes light-dependent translocation in photoreceptor cells. Surprisingly, TRP has non-channel functions, including an anchoring role necessary for retaining INAD in the rhabdomeres. Loss of TRP function or constitutive TRP activity results in retinal degeneration, which can be suppressed by disruption or overexpression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, CalX, respectively. Given that hypoxia-induced constitutive activity of some mammalian TRPs leads to neuronal cell death, interventions that increase Na+/Ca2+ exchanger or decrease TRP function have the potential to reduce the severity of cell death due to ischaemia.