cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strains and suspending menstrua as factors affecting death and injury of Listeria monocytogenes during freezing and frozen storage.

Abstract Cell suspensions of Listeria monocytogenes strains V7, California, and Ohio in phosphate buffer solution, tryptose broth, or milk were frozen and stored at –18°C. At appropriate intervals during storage, a sample was thawed at 35°C and surface-plated on suitable media to allow colony formation by noninjured or noninjured plus injured cells, Degrees of death and injury were calculated from the data. Cells of L. monocytogenes were more resistant to death and injury when they were suspended in milk or tryptose broth rather than phosphate buffer solution. There was a significant (two-way ANOVA) difference in resistance to death and injury during frozen storage among strains of L. monocytogenes suspended in tryptose broth. The difference was nonsignificant when the cells were suspended in phosphate buffer solution or milk. Listeria monocytogenes strain Ohio was more resistant to death and injury during frozen storage when cells were suspended in tryptose broth rather than milk. The opposite was true for strains V7 and California. Death and injury of L. monocytogenes strains V7, California, and Ohio suspended in phosphate buffer solution were 98.7, 97.9, and 91.2% and 77.5, 51.6, and 70.2%, respectively, after 4 wk of frozen storage. The values were 67.3, 91.6, and 42.3% and 44.4, 65.6, and 32.6%, respectively, when cells were suspended in tryptose broth, and they were 37.8, 40, and 60.7% and 10.8, 66.8, and 46%, respectively, when cells were suspended in milk.
Spatial finite-element lumping techniques for the quadrilateral mesh Sn equations in X-Y geometry

We consider two general finite-element lumping techniques for the Sn equations with discontinuous finite-element spatial discretization and apply them to quadrilateral meshes in x-y geometry. One t...
Impact of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on survival of overwintering Bean Leaf Beetles, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin played an important role in the mortality of overwintering bean leaf beetles, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), in Louisiana. Data indicated that the pathogen may function in a density-dependent manner. In 1981–1982, when larger overwintering populations were encountered, mortality due to B. bassiana averaged 20 % in dead beetles in field samples and 65 % in beetles returned alive to the laboratory. In 1982–1983, when smaller populations were found, the average mortality attributed to the pathogen was 2 % in the field and 19 % in the laboratory. Other microorganisms were associated with bean leaf beetles at low frequencies. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung von Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. auf das Uberleben von uberwinternden Bohnenblattkafern, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forst.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) B. bassiana spielt eine wichtige Rolle als Mortalitatsfaktor bei uberwinternden Kafern von C. trifurcata in Louisiana. Die Daten zeigen, das das Pathogen in dichteabhangiger Weise wirken kann. Von 1981–82, als grosere Uberwinterungs-Populationen beobachtet wurden, betrug die von B. bassiana verursachte Mortalitat i. M. 20 % der Kafer bei Freilandproben und 65 % bei lebend ins Labor genommenen Kafern. 1982–83, wo die Population gerringer war, lauteten die beiden Werte nur 2 % und 19 %. Andere Mikroorganismen waren mit wesentlich geringeren Mortalitatswerten mit dem Bohnenkafer assoziiert.
Investigation of the surface structure and basic properties of calcined hydrotalcites

Abstract In this work, we investigated the influence of preparation method, calcination temperature, and Mg : Al atomic ratio on the basic properties of calcined hydrotalcites. The steady-state decomposition of 2-propanol at 593 K and atmospheric total pressure was studied to compare the surface reactivities of the mixed oxides with those of pure MgO and Al2O3. In general, the activity and selectivity to propanone formation followed the order MgO ≥ calcined hydrotalcities ⪢ alumina, indicating that catalytically active basic sites are present on the calcined hydrotalcites. However, the selectivity to propanone is influenced significantly by the method of hydrotalcite synthesis. In addition, the observed activation energies and pre-exponential factors for propanone formation compensated each other over mixed oxides of different Mg : Al atomic ratios, resulting in similar areal reaction rates. The observed compensation effect can be explained by a shift in the rate-determining elementary step on a nonuniform surface. No significant influence of calcination temperature on the surface area and 2-propanol reactivity of hydrotalcite was observed for temperatures of 723–923 K, whereas calcination of hydrotalcite at 1173 K resulted in lower surface area, decreased selectivity to propanone, and formation of separate oxide phases. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 from calcined hydrotalcites indicated that the incorporation of aluminum into MgO suppresses the formation of high-strength base sites normally associated with pure MgO; however, low-strength base sites are still present on the mixed oxide. Based on results from 27Al NMR, XPS, CO2 TPD, and 2-propanol reaction, we speculate that some Al is located at the surface but is in a local oxidic environment not favorable for acid-catalyzed reactions that typically occur over pure alumina.
Idealized study on cohesive sediment flux by tidal asymmetry

The flux of cohesive sediment in an estuary is determined by many factors, including tidal asymmetry, wave effect, fluvial influence, phase difference between tidal velocity and tidal level fluctuations, sediment properties, flocculation, bed erodibility, bathymetry effect and other nonlocal effects. Our capability in predicting sediment fluxes in tide-dominant environments is critical to the morphodynamics and water quality of estuaries. Due to the difficulties in carrying out detailed measurement of sediment flux with high spatial and temporal resolutions, an one-dimensional-vertical (1DV) numerical model for cohesive sediment transport, previously verified and calibrated with field measured cohesive sediment concentration data, is utilized here to study some of the aforementioned factors in affecting tidal-driven sediment fluxes in idealized condition. Tidal-averaged sediment flux is shown to be correlated with tidal velocity skewness with a linear relationship. This linear relationship is different from that of non-cohesive sediment and it is demonstrated here to be mainly due to variable critical shear stress implemented for the mud bed in order to parameterize consolidation. The reason that tidal velocity skewness causes tidal-averaged residual sediment transport is shown to be due to nonlinear intra-tidal interactions between flow velocity and sediment concentration. Moreover, the effects of nonlinear intra-tidal interaction between tidal velocity and tidal level fluctuations is shown to mainly cause seaward transport, which is the most significant under progressive wave system (phase difference 90°) and almost negligible for standing wave system (phase difference 0°).
Magnetic and spectrophotometric studies of the kinetics of the catalysis of xanthine oxidation by xanthine oxidase from cow's milk

Abstract The increase in paramagnetism upon reaction is, under certain conditions, greater than can be explained on the basis of changes in the electronic configurations of the prosthetic groups. The difference is attributed to the formation of substrate free radicals. The effects of pH, temperature, and concentration of substrate and product on the rate of production of uric acid were studied. The kinetic data at pH 8.3 and 25° were described in terms of true Michaelis constants for xanthine and oxygen of 36 · 10 −6 M and 240 · 10 −6 M , respectively. The degree of anaerobic reduction by xanthine of enzyme flavin, as estimated spectrophotometrically, depends upon the concentration of enzyme. A mechanism is presented that embraces the manifold properties of this reaction.
Shared knowledge and product design glitches in integrated product development

Abstract Product development processes based on the joint collaboration of the cross-functional team, suppliers, and customers can minimize project glitches. Glitches in the product development project can cause project cost over-runs and delay a project past when first mover advantages are possible. While previous theoretical work has suggested a negative relationship between shared knowledge and product development glitches, empirical studies have not identified how different types of shared knowledge are associated with each other and the design glitches. This study proposes a model of the relationship between specific types of shared knowledge and design glitches in integrated product development (IPD) projects. We test our model using a sample of 191 projects from the automotive industry in the United States. The major findings were that: (1) shared knowledge of the development process can be built by improving a team's shared knowledge of customers, suppliers, and internal capabilities, (2) shared knowledge of the development process for a project reduces product design glitches, and (3) reduced product design glitches improve product development time, cost, and customer satisfaction.
Altered oscillatory cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation in postural tachycardia syndrome.

Decreased upright cerebral blood flow (CBF) with hyperpnea and hypocapnia is seen in a minority of patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). More often, CBF is not decreased despite upright neurocognitive dysfunction. This may result from time-dependent changes in CBF. We hypothesized that increased oscillations in CBF occurs in POTS (N=12) compared to healthy controls (N=9), and tested by measuring CBF velocity (CBFv) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and related parameters, supine and during 70o upright tilt. Autospectra for mean CBFv and MAP, and transfer function analysis were obtained over the frequency range of 0.0078 to 0.4 Hz. Upright HR was increased in POTS (125±8 vs 86±2 bpm), as was diastolic BP (74±3 vs 65±3 mmHg) compared to control, while peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and mean CBFv increased similarly with tilt. Upright BP variability (BPV), low frequency (LF) power (.04 - 0.13 Hz) , and peak frequency of BPV were increased in POTS (24.3±4.1, and 18.4±4.1 mmHg2/Hz at .091 Hz vs 11.8±3.3, and 8.8 ± 2 mmHg2/Hz c at 0.071 Hz), as was upright overall CBFv variability, low frequency power and peak frequency of CBFv variability (29.3±4.7, and 22.1±2.7 [cm/s]2/Hz at .092 Hz vs 14.7±2.6, and 6.7 ± 1.2 [cm/s]2/Hz at 0.077Hz). Autospectra were sharply peaked in POTS. LF phase was decreased in POTS (-14 ± 4 vs -25 ± 10 degrees) while upright. LF gain was increased (1.51 ± 0.09 vs 0.86 ± 0.12 [cm/s]/ mmHg) while coherence was increased (0.96 ± 0.01 vs 0.80 ± 0.04). Increased oscillatory BP in upright POTS patients is closely coupled to oscillatory CBFv over a narrow bandwidth corresponding to the Mayer wave frequency. Therefore combined increased oscillatory BP and increased LF gain markedly increases CBFv oscillations in a narrow bandwidth. This close coupling of CBF to MAP indicates impaired cerebral autoregulation that may underlie upright neurocognitive dysfunction in POTS.
Subsample Replication in Cross‐Cultural Surveys

that in replicating, all of the conditions of the original study should be reproduced with complete fidelity. However, given the impossibility of performing identical replications in nonexperimental social research, it is more common to repeat a study not identically but rather "for all practical purposes" in order to assess the extent to which the original results hold up against chance composition of the sample, hidden third factors, or other forms of methodological artifact (Finifter 1972). Within this "virtual replication" perspective, the focus is on the robustness of the original findings, and the main concern is to determine whether various forms of error or artifact can account for
Psychedelics and schizophrenia

Research on psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and dissociative drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP) and the symptoms, neurochemical abnormalities and treatment of schizophrenia have converged. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Some atypical antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors, which is also the target of LSD-like drugs. Several effects of PCP-like drugs are strongly affected by both 5-HT 2A and metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor modulation. A serotonin–glutamate receptor complex in cortical pyramidal neurons has been identified that might be the target both of psychedelics and the atypical and glutamate classes of antipsychotic drugs. Recent results on the receptor, signalling and circuit mechanisms underlying the response to psychedelic and antipsychotic drugs might lead to unification of the serotonin and glutamate neurochemical hypotheses of schizophrenia.
Analytic modal solution to light propagation through layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals

An analytic modal expansion method combined with a transfer-matrix technique is developed to investigate the reflection, transmission, and absorption spectra of three-dimensional layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals working in a regime from microwave to infrared wavelengths. The eigenmodes for electromagnetic fields within each layer of the crystal are solved analytically by matching boundary conditions. The eigenmodes are then projected onto a plane wave basis, so that the scattering problem for a multilayer structure can be cast into the framework of transfer-matrix method. In addition, the structural symmetry between different layers of the crystal is fully exploited to connect the transfer matrix for different layers and significantly reduce the computation effort on the light scattering problem. Fast convergence of numerical result has been obtained and excellent agreement of theoretical results with experimental measurements has been achieved, indicating the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed analytical modal expansion method.
Exponential correlation of IQ and the wealth of nations

Abstract Plots of mean IQ and per capita real Gross Domestic Product for groups of 81 and 185 nations, as collected by Lynn and Vanhanen, are best fitted by an exponential function of the form: GDP = a * 10b*(IQ), where a and b are empirical constants. Exponential fitting yields markedly higher correlation coefficients than either linear or quadratic. The implication of exponential fitting is that a given increment in IQ, anywhere along the IQ scale, results in a given percentage in GDP, rather than a given dollar increase as linear fitting would predict. As a rough rule of thumb, an increase of 10 points in mean IQ results in a doubling of the per capita GDP.
Therapies for dopaminergic-induced dyskinesias in parkinson disease

Existing and emerging strategies for managing L-dopa–induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in patients with Parkinson disease have involved either delaying the introduction of L-dopa therapy, treatment with an antidyskinetic agent, using a therapy or delivery system that can provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation, or using novel agents that target receptors implicated in the mechanisms underlying LIDs. Treatment with dopamine agonists such as pramipexole or ropinirole allows levodopa to be delayed, but once levodopa is added to the drug regimen the usual course of onset of dyskinesias is observed. Amantadine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, is so far the only approved compound with evidence of providing a sustained antidyskinetic benefit in the absence of unacceptable side effects. These findings support the hypothesis of glutamate overactivity in the development of dyskinesias. More continuous delivery of dopaminergic medication, such as through intraintestinal or subcutaneous routes, is promising but invasive and associated with injection site reactions. As a result of molecular research and elucidation of the role of a variety of neurotransmitters in the mechanism of LIDs, new compounds have been identified, including those that modulate the direct and indirect striatal output pathways; some of these new agents are in the early stages of development or undergoing proof-of-concept evaluation as antidyskinetic agents. Ann Neurol 2011;69:919–927
Reference wavelengths in the spectra of Fe, Ge, and Pt in the region near 1935 A

Wavelengths of seven spectral lines of Fe I, Ge I, and Pt I between 1932 A and 1938 A have been measured with uncertainties of less than 1×10−4 A (5 parts in 108) with Fourier-transform spectroscopy. These lines provide accurate standards for wavelength calibration of ArF excimer lasers operating at 193 nm. Previously reported wavelengths of Fe I, Cu II, and Ge I were evaluated for calibration of the absolute wavelength scale. Calibrations based on Fe I and Ge I were found to differ systematically by several parts in 108. A calibration based on Cu II was internally inconsistent at a level of 2 parts in 107 and was not used. Improved wavelengths for an additional 147 lines of Pt I and Pt II and 161 lines of Kr II in the region 1636 A to 3151 A are also reported.
Deficiencies in Pitching Biomechanics in Baseball Players With a History of Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Repair

Background:Baseball pitchers who undergo superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) repair often have trouble returning to their previous level of performance. While the reason is often assumed to be diminished shoulder range of motion or other mechanical changes, differences in pitching biomechanics between baseball pitchers with a history of SLAP repair and pitchers with no injury history have not been studied previously.Hypothesis:The primary hypothesis was that compared with the control group, the SLAP group would exhibit compromised shoulder range of motion (external rotation and horizontal abduction) and internal rotation torque during pitching.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Pitching biomechanics were compared retrospectively between a group of 13 collegiate and professional pitchers with a history of a SLAP tear and a control group of 52 pitchers with no history of surgery; groups were matched by age, height, weight, and pitch velocity. Data were collected with an automated 3-dimen...
P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein expression in human placentae of various gestational ages

Placental efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) protect the developing fetus from exposure to potentially toxic xenobiotics. However, little ...
VIRUSES AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS ORGANISMS

Pulmonary infections caused by several types of viruses and other miscellaneous organisms may cause disease in HIV infection. Evidence suggests that pulmonary conditions may result from infections of the lung by HIV itself. Other viruses, most commonly cytomegalovirus, may be primary perpetrators of pneumonitis or may contribute to diseases caused by coexisting infections. Although diagnosis and assessment of the clinical significance of these infections may be difficult, their recognition is of practical importance because potentially effective therapeutic agents are available for several of them. Miscellaneous infections such as pulmonary toxoplasmosis and pertussis are other uncommon but potentially treatable complications of HIV disease.
Fostering postgraduate global health elective opportunities through shaping university policy: The case of the University of Illinois at Chicago

Conclusion: We recommend this process to schools committed to developing or expanding a program dedicated to global initiatives and a global perspective in educational planning. Involving stakeholders, building on current strengths, and aligning with mission and vision are essential elements for developing a meaningful program of global initiatives for nursing education to address health inequities.
Comparison of broiler performance and carcass yields when fed diets containing genetically modified canola meal from event DP-Ø73496-4, near-isogenic canola meal, or commercial canola meals

Genetically modified (GM) canola (Brassica napus L.) line containing event DP-O73496-4 (hereafter referred to as 73496 canola) was produced by the insertion of the glyphosate acetyltransferase (gat4621) gene derived from Bacillus licheniformis. Expression of the GAT4621 protein present in 73496 canola plants confers in planta tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional performance of broiler chickens fed canola meal from 73496 canola seed with that of broiler chickens fed non-GM canola meal in a 42-d feeding trial. Diets were prepared using meal processed from seed from unsprayed 73496 plants or from plants sprayed with an in-field application of glyphosate herbicide [73496(S)]. For comparison, additional diets were produced with canola meal obtained from the non-GM near-isogenic control or non-GM commercial reference DuPont Pioneer brand varieties 42H72, 42H73, 46A65, and 44A89. Diets were fed to Ross 708 broilers (n = 120/group, 50% male and 50% female) in 3 phases: starter and grower phases containing 10 or 20% canola meal, respectively, and a finisher phase with a common corn-soybean meal diet without any canola meal. No statistically significant differences were observed in growth performance measures or organ and carcass yields between broilers consuming diets produced with canola meal from unsprayed or sprayed 73496 seed and those consuming diets produced with canola meal from control seed. Additionally, all performance, organ, and carcass measures from control, 73496, and 73496(S) canola treatment groups were within tolerance intervals constructed using data from the reference canola groups. It was concluded from these results that meal processed from 73496 canola seed (unsprayed plants or plants sprayed with glyphosate) was nutritionally equivalent to meal processed from non-GM near-isogenic control canola seed.
Management Game Teams In Education And Organization Research: An Experiment On Risk Taking*

This paper describes an experiment on changes in individual and group risk taking tendencies recurring during a semester play of the Carnegie management game. The data clearly indicated that the ma...
3D nanoscale pattern formation in porous silicon

A simple and effective processing technique for 3D nanoscale pattern formation in light emitting porous silicon is reported. The technique is based on metal assisted chemical etching and defined by the 2D nanoscale metal pattern.
A General, Verifiable Iterative Control Structure

A general iterative control structure with multiple exits and multiple retums to the beginning of the loop is described. The conditions causing these exits or returns must be declared and defined in a prologue to the loop in a manner which is similar to the declaration of variables at the beginning of a block. Also, actions prior to an exit or a return may be specified in an epilogue of the loop. The semantics of the structure are described informally and then formally by means of a Hoare type verification rule. Attributes of the structure and examples of its usage are given in the latter part of the paper.
Analysis and detection of reading miscues for interactive literacy tutors

The Colorado Literacy Tutor (CLT) is a technology-based literacy program, designed on the basis of cognitive theory and scientifically motivated reading research, which aims to improve literacy and student achievement in public schools. One of the critical components of the CLT is a speech recognition system which is used to track the child's progress during oral reading and to provide sufficient information to detect reading miscues. In this paper, we extend on prior work by examining a novel labeling of children's oral reading audio data in order to better understand the factors that contribute most significantly to speech recognition errors. While these events make up nearly 8% of the data, they are shown to account for approximately 30% of the word errors in a state-of-the-art speech recognizer. Next, we consider the problem of detecting miscues during oral reading. Using features derived from the speech recognizer, we demonstrate that 67% of reading miscues can be detected at a false alarm rate of 3%.
Ecological Niche and Geographic Distribution of Human Monkeypox in Africa

Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic member of the genus Orthopoxviridae, can cause a severe, smallpox-like illness in humans. Monkeypox virus is thought to be endemic to forested areas of western and Central Africa. Considerably more is known about human monkeypox disease occurrence than about natural sylvatic cycles of this virus in non-human animal hosts. We use human monkeypox case data from Africa for 1970–2003 in an ecological niche modeling framework to construct predictive models of the ecological requirements and geographic distribution of monkeypox virus across West and Central Africa. Tests of internal predictive ability using different subsets of input data show the model to be highly robust and suggest that the distinct phylogenetic lineages of monkeypox in West Africa and Central Africa occupy similar ecological niches. High mean annual precipitation and low elevations were shown to be highly correlated with human monkeypox disease occurrence. The synthetic picture of the potential geographic distribution of human monkeypox in Africa resulting from this study should support ongoing epidemiologic and ecological studies, as well as help to guide public health intervention strategies to areas at highest risk for human monkeypox.
Evolutionary graph theory: breaking the symmetry between interaction and replacement.

We study evolutionary dynamics in a population whose structure is given by two graphs: the interaction graph determines who plays with whom in an evolutionary game; the replacement graph specifies the geometry of evolutionary competition and updating. First, we calculate the fixation probabilities of frequency dependent selection between two strategies or phenotypes. We consider three different update mechanisms: birth–death, death–birth and imitation. Then, as a particular example, we explore the evolution of cooperation. Suppose the interaction graph is a regular graph of degree h, the replacement graph is a regular graph of degree g and the overlap between the two graphs is a regular graph of degree l. We show that cooperation is favored by natural selection if b=c4hg=l. Here, b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act. This result holds for death–birth updating, weak-selection and large population size. Note that the optimum population structure for cooperators is given by maximum overlap between the interaction and the replacement graph (g ¼ h ¼ l), which means that the two graphs are identical. We also prove that a modified replicator equation can describe how the expected values of the frequencies of an arbitrary number of strategies change on replacement and interaction graphs: the two graphs induce a transformation of the payoff matrix. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Growing New Kidneys from Embryonic Cell Suspensions: Fantasy or Reality?

The field of renal transplantation is exploring new frontiers. Use of traditional whole kidney organ transplants from human deceased or living donors has been limited by the insufficient supply of donor kidneys to meet ever-increasing demand, and by the risks of allograft loss to rejection and
Beyond PTSD: Mental Health Consequences of Violence Against Women A Response to Briere and Jordan

This article proposes that we move beyond posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in our conceptualization of traumatic stress responses of victimized women exposed to serial forms of unrelenting violence, such as intimate partner violence and stalking. It is argued that the traditional PTSD framework is ill fitting in the context of some forms of violence against women (VAW), and these limits have consequences for developing appropriate interventions for some victimized women. The article further suggests going beyond PTSD by developing a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which PTSD and other mental health symptoms contribute to the vast array of deleterious personal, societal, and economic costs of VAW.
The relationship between guard cell water potential and the aperture of stomata in Populus

Abstract Previous work with clones of Populus trichocarpa demonstrated that the water vapour conductance of leaves from well-watered cuttings of this species does not decline with loss of turgor from the bulk leaf. In the present study, stomatal responses to water potential in Populus were examined with detached epidermal strips. Stomata in epidermal strips from well-watered plants of P. trichocarpa did not close at low water potentials which led to plasmolysis of the guard cells. In contrast, stomata of P. deltoides and a P. trichocarpa×deltoides hybrid closed when the guard cells lost turgor. A period of water stress preconditioning resulted in modified stomatal responses in P. trichocarpa such that stomata of stressed and re-watered plants nearly closed when guard cell turgor was lost.
An analysis of the relative success of applicants to the new STEM Presidential Management Fellowship and the NASA context

Abstract In 2014, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) Program initiated a pilot, PMF STEM, to bring recent graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields into federal service. The NASA Office of Human Capital was closely engaged, and the pilot was a welcome new avenue for STEM hiring. Here, I ask how the Finalists in this new STEM program fared relative to traditional PMF finalists. I find that the rates at which traditional PMF and PMF STEM Finalists in the Class of 2014 received their first appointment offers were significantly different (p = 0.0315), and PMF STEM Finalists were initially offered appointments at higher rates than the PMF Finalists. However, this advantage disappeared over time, possibly because the remaining PMF STEM Finalists were not a good fit to the available STEM opportunities. When the appointment period for the Class of 2014 closed, 58% of PMF STEM Finalists and 72% of PMF Finalists had received appointment offers. Although a smaller proportion of PMF STEM Finalists received offers in 2014, their offer rate was consistent with the long-term average. I briefly discuss the NASA context for these results.
Future imaginaries of urban school reform

Drawing on analytic heuristics from critical discourse analysis and cultural political economy (Jessop, 2010; Wodak, 2002), this article examines the temporal premises and “futures” embedded in a report and reform proposal created in a mid-sized, American city, Columbus, Ohio, in 2013. The product of a city-wide commission appointed in response to a school ‘cheating’ scandal, the report is both a condensation of key premises and claims circulating through national education policy discourses, and an effort to fit those ideas to a particular urban locale. This fitting involves aligning the city with a particular neoliberal representation or “imaginary” of the future that pervades current education policy discourse and planning. The article unpacks the temporal premises associated with this imaginary and shows their influence on the city’s planning. Among other things, the discourse individuates scholastic time and subordinates the present to a distant future that is represented as an already-known or predictable state of affairs. It positions practices such as standardized testing as temporal technologies for predicting the child’s position in the imagined future, and reframes racially- and class-based inequalities as differences in the kinds of futures towards which groups are oriented. The effect is to overwrite political questions of what kind of future we might want to create with technical questions of how best to prepare for an inevitable future we can’t avoid.
Lessons from the North: The Northern Territory and Australian politics

(1978). Lessons from the North: The Northern Territory and Australian politics. Politics: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 112-120.
Nutritional Biochemistry, 2nd ed. Tom Brody. San Diego, 1999.

This well-written text integrates the relationships between nutrients from food and the chemistry of living organisms. The sequential presentation, the figures and tables, the case studies, the app...
The Application of the Complement-Fixation Reaction to the Diphtheria Group of Organisms

The present work forms the second part of a study of the diphtheria group of organisms. The writer is greatly indebted to Dr. H. T. Karsner for advice and the use of the facilities-of the experimental division of the laboratory. The first part of the investigation consisted of a study of the group by the biometrical method.' It was found that the group could be divided into two main subgroups, the first comprising the diphtheria bacillus, the second the diphtheroids and Hofmann's bacillus. The second subgroup could be separated further into four species, which are characterized as follows: B. hoagii, a short, thick bacillus, solid, barred, or wedge-shaped, with indistinct granules; growing very heavily on serum with a salmon-pink color, and fermenting dextrose and saccharose, but not maltose or glycerin. B. flavidus, a thick, barred bacillus with large granules; having a heavy yellow or yellow-white growth on serum, and acting on dextrose, glycerin, and maltose, but not on saccharose. B. xerosis, resembling B. flavidus morphologically, but giving a meager white growth on serum. It acidifies dextrose, and usually both maltose and saccharose. B. hofmanni, a small, thick, straight bacillus, barred or wedgeshaped, having no granules, and not acting upon dextrose, maltose, glycerin, or saccharose. Complement fixation in the diphtheria group has been little studied. Lambotte2 produced strong specific sera in guinea-pigs for the diphtheria bacillus, a "pseudo-diphtheria " bacillus from the
Examining Massive Digital Libraries (MDLs) and Their Impact on Reference Services

ABSTRACTMassive Digital Libraries such as Google Books and the HathiTrust can provide libraries with virtual ready-reference collections that match the scope of print collections. Their impact reaches into the tens of millions of public domain and copyrighted titles. Yet, problems persist with these digitized book collections. This article examines some of the flaws and unintended consequences of relying on Massive Digital Libraries at the expense of local print collections. Such problems include lack of metadata accuracy, poorly implemented optical character recognition, lack of quality control in the mass-digitization process, the problem of linguistic representation, and the lack of subject diversity in the source collections.
Aero-engine Faults Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis

It is difficult to identify various faults of Aero-engine.To make the common Aero-engine faults detection correctly and quickly,on basis of analyzing the Aero-engine fault characters,time domain indexes of engine vibration signals are used to judge the work of engine,then wavelet packets are used to transform the Aero-engine vibration signals which have failure in frequency domain and make frequency band energy diagram to identify faults.According to this method,the ibration signal of one turbofan in-flight shut-down failure is analyzed,and the fault is recognized accurately.It shows that using this method to do Aero-engine faults diagnosis is simple,intuitionistic,and has practical value.
Alkalinization of mepivacaine accelerates onset of interscalene block for shoulder surgery.

Reports evaluating the effect of alkalinization of mepivacaine on the onset of regional anesthesia have been controversial. The effect of alkalinization of mepivacaine on the onset of interscalene block has not been reported and is the subject of this study. Forty patients received an interscalene block by elicitation of paresthesia with 25-gauge, blunt bevel needle. Twenty patients received 40 ml 1.4% mepivacaine, which contained epinephrine (1:200,000). Another 20 patients received 40 ml 1.4% mepivacaine, epinephrine (1:200,000), and 4 mEq of NaHCO3. Time to onset of block was determined by awareness of cold, and loss of pain perception and motor function at the shoulder, elbow and hand. The duration of block for each observation was determined. The onset was significantly faster for all tested modalities in the pH-adjusted group. No statistically significant differences in the duration of either motor or sensory were found between the study and control groups.
Liver transplant outcomes using ideal donation after circulatory death livers are superior to using older donation after brain death donor livers

Multiple reports have demonstrated that liver transplantation following donation after circulatory death (DCD) is associated with poorer outcomes when compared with liver transplantation from donation after brain death (DBD) donors. We hypothesized that carefully selected, underutilized DCD livers recovered from younger donors have excellent outcomes. We performed a retrospective study of the United Network for Organ Sharing database to determine graft survivals for patients who received liver transplants from DBD donors of age ≥ 60 years, DBD donors 60 years old. Careful donor organ and recipient selection can lead to excellent results, despite previous reports suggesting otherwise. Increased acceptance of these DCD livers would lead to shorter wait list times and increased national liver transplant rates. Liver Transplantation 22 1197–1204 2016 AASLD
Risk Factors for Drug-Induced Liver Disease

Variables that predispose individuals to develop idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be categorized into genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Nongenetic risk factors, which are the subject of this chapter, can be broadly categorized into host-related factors, environmental factors, and compound characteristics. Various host factors such as age, gender, and pregnancy; comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and underlying liver disease; and underlying nutritional status are associated with increased risk of liver injury due to selected compounds, rather than all-cause DILI. Environmental factors such as alcohol consumption may be associated with increased risk from specific compounds such as halothane, isoniazid, methotrexate, and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Although smoking has demonstrable effects on various drug-metabolizing enzymes, there is no evidence to suggest that smoking is associated with increased susceptibility to DILI in humans. Various compound characteristics such as daily dose, drug interactions, metabolic profile, and polypharmacy have been explored as risk factors for DILI in humans, but their overall impact on the risk to develop DILI appears rather modest.
Altered corneal biomechanical properties in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Purpose To evaluate biomechanical corneal properties in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods A prospective, observational, case–control study was conducted on children 6-19 years of age diagnosed with OI. Patients with OI and healthy control subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Additional tests included Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and ultrasonic pachymetry. Primary outcomes were central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal hysteresis (CH), and corneal resistance factor (CRF). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured directly by either iCare or Goldmann applanation and indirectly by the ORA (Goldmann-correlated and corneal-compensated IOP). Statistically significant differences between OI and control groups were determined using independent samples t test. Results A total of 10 of 18 OI cases (mean age, 13 ± 4.37 years; 8 males) and 30 controls (mean age, 12.76 ± 2.62 years; 16 males) were able to complete the corneal biomechanics and pachymetry testing. Children with OI had decreased CH (8.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg vs 11.6 ± 1.2 mm Hg [ P P P P Conclusions Collagen defects in OI alter corneal structure and biomechanics. Children with OI have decreased CH, CRF, and CCT, resulting in IOPs that are likely higher than measured by tonometry. These corneal alterations are present at a young age in OI. Affected individuals should be routinely screened for glaucoma and corneal pathologies.
Immigrants and organ sharing: a one-way street.

Unclear regulations and informal data gathering on immigrants who receive or donate organs can cause mistrust and suspicion of the organ allocation system and affect donation rates. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Spatiotemporal progression of metastatic breast cancer: a Markov chain model highlighting the role of early metastatic sites.

Cancer cell migration patterns are critical for understanding metastases and clinical evolution. Breast cancer spreads from one organ system to another via hematogenous and lymphatic routes. Although patterns of spread may superficially seem random and unpredictable, we explored the possibility that this is not the case. Develop a Markov based model of breast cancer progression that has predictive capability. On the basis of a longitudinal data set of 446 breast cancer patients, we created a Markov chain model of metastasis that describes the probabilities of metastasis occurring at a given anatomic site together with the probability of spread to additional sites. Progression is modeled as a random walk on a directed graph, where nodes represent anatomical sites where tumors can develop. We quantify how survival depends on the location of the first metastatic site for different patient subcategories. In addition, we classify metastatic sites as “sponges” or “spreaders” with implications regarding anatomical pathway prediction and long-term survival. As metastatic tumors to the bone (main spreader) are most prominent, we focus in more detail on differences between groups of patients who form subsequent metastases to the lung as compared with the liver. We have found that spatiotemporal patterns of metastatic spread in breast cancer are neither random nor unpredictable. Furthermore, the novel concept of classifying organ sites as sponges or spreaders may motivate experiments seeking a biological basis for these phenomena and allow us to quantify the potential consequences of therapeutic targeting of sites in the oligometastatic setting and shed light on organotropic aspects of the disease. A new model can forecast if breast cancer will spread to other sites in the body, as well as the most likely pathway. Metastasis – the spread of tumors to other tissues – was assumed to be unpredictable. Paul Newton at the University of Southern California, United States, and colleagues used data from 446 patients, collected over several decades, to create a probability model that can predict patient survival according to the first site of metastasis. They propose that sites can be classified as ‘spreaders’ or ‘sponges’ on the basis of whether the cancer is likely to spread further. The model could help physicians to provide better prognoses and facilitate research into the biology of metastasis. The researchers suggest that future models might also incorporate how therapy type and tumor size influence metastasis and survival.
DextMP: deep dive into text for predicting moonlighting proteins.

Motivation Moonlighting proteins (MPs) are an important class of proteins that perform more than one independent cellular function. MPs are gaining more attention in recent years as they are found to play important roles in various systems including disease developments. MPs also have a significant impact in computational function prediction and annotation in databases. Currently MPs are not labeled as such in biological databases even in cases where multiple distinct functions are known for the proteins. In this work, we propose a novel method named DextMP, which predicts whether a protein is a MP or not based on its textual features extracted from scientific literature and the UniProt database. Results DextMP extracts three categories of textual information for a protein: titles, abstracts from literature, and function description in UniProt. Three language models were applied and compared: a state-of-the-art deep unsupervised learning algorithm along with two other language models of different types, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency in the bag-of-words and Latent Dirichlet Allocation in the topic modeling category. Cross-validation results on a dataset of known MPs and non-MPs showed that DextMP successfully predicted MPs with over 91% accuracy with significant improvement over existing MP prediction methods. Lastly, we ran DextMP with the best performing language models and text-based feature combinations on three genomes, human, yeast and Xenopus laevis , and found that about 2.5-35% of the proteomes are potential MPs. Availability and Implementation Code available at http://kiharalab.org/DextMP . Contact dkihara@purdue.edu.
North America and the Caribbean

The introduction of referendums and initiative in North America was deeply influenced by the populists in the late 19th Century and the Progressives in the early 20th Century who championed direct democracy as a means of controlling the moneyed elite. Today provisions for referendums exist in all but one of the US States and provisions for initiatives in roughly half of the United States. The number of referendums and initiative was modest until the 1970s, when it began to increase—often due to efforts by wealthy individuals. Overall, direct democracy has not been for sale and there is no evidence that special interest groups have been able to ‘buy’ the results. The chapter also presents an overview of the experiences with referendums in the Caribbean and Canada.
xDCI, a data science cyberinfrastructure for interdisciplinary research

This paper introduces xDCI, a Data Science Cyber-infrastructure to support research in a number of scientific domains including genomics, environmental science, biomedical and health science, and social science. xDCI leverages open-source software packages such as the integrated Rule Oriented Data System and the CyVerse Discovery Environment to address significant challenges in data storage, sharing, analysis and visualization. We provide three example applications to evaluate xDCI for different domains: analysis of 3D images of mice brains, videos analysis of neonatal resuscitation, and risk analytics. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of potential improvements to xDCI.