cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative inhibition kinetics for acetylcholinesterases extracted from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

In this study, acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were extracted from two Mexican Boophilus microplus strains that demonstrated resistance to the organophosphate (OP) acaricide, coumaphos, in bioassay. The rate of inhibition of the extracted AChEs by the diethyl-OP paraoxon was determined for two resistant strains and two susceptible strains of B. microplus. The time to inhibition of 50% AChE activity was approximately two-fold greater for the resistant strains. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of the resistant AChEs with paraoxon revealed reduced bimolecular reaction constants (ki). Apparent conformational changes in the AChE of the resistant strains were reflected in reduced Km and Vmax values. The bimolecular reaction constants (ki) of the resistant strains were most affected by a slower rate of enzyme phosphorylation (k2).
Architecture and world making: production of sacred space in San Francisco's Vedanta temple

This article provides two ‘readings’ of the Vedanta temple of San Francisco to understand the complex process of world making by Hindu religious preachers in the USA during the first decade of the twentieth century. On the one hand is the visible world of shared meanings and practices and on the other hand is the haptic domain navigated by individuals in embodied ways. These two ways of knowing the building are intertwined; they play against each other, and yet they serve different purposes. The first reading explains the material configuration of place and the relationship between the various spaces and their uses. The second reading examines the spatial choreography and human experience of using this building. The example of the Vedanta temple shows us that a building is not a neutral container where inhabitants play out their lives as they wish. Instead, buildings are actively engaged in the way that events, experiences and memory are shaped.
Earth's rotational and orbital motions interrelated byLoitsyanskii's turbulence theorem

The Loitsyanskii theorem for turbulent fluid motion is presented in simplified form from the viewpoint of angular momentum conservation and extended by a normalization with respect to total mass. When the new parameter thus obtained is evaluated for a gas cloud of the size and mass of the present Sun-Earth system, and this is equated to the corresponding parameter for the Earth-Moon configuration, an accurate equation between independently determined astronomical constants is found. The Earth's rotational speed is expressed in terms of its mean orbital motion, the Sun-Earth mass ratio, the ratio of separation distances, and the Earth's radius. The most simple form of the algebraic relationship (10) is believed unique in linking planetary orbital dynamics to motion about the center of gravity.
The Idea of Purity In Ancient Judaism

HE most important recent analysis of the significance of purity in the study of religions is Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger.' Our interest is not in the criticism of Douglas' ideas, for none of the data we shall survey decisively affects her main theses. We seek rather to construct an agendum out of anthropological thought for the interpretation of the various expressions of the idea of purity in ancient Judaism. Douglas' fundamental perspective on purity provides the foundation for the interpretation of the data concerning purity and impurity produced by ancient Judaism. As we shall see, she shows what is at issue and allows us to interpret the full weight and significance of the Temple and its destruction in the structure of being created by Israelite faith. She states, "The more deeply we go ... the more obvious it becomes that we are studying symbolic systems .. ."2 This constitutes the main result of the inquiry before us. Ideas of purity and impurity were intimate to, and expressive of, the larger conceptions of reality of the communities that held them. Certainly without a notion of the meaning of purity, one cannot understand either the Dead Sea yahad ("commune") or the Pharisaic havurah ("fellowship"). Purity serves to differentiate one sect from another. Because of that fact, the ideas adduced to explain or interpret purity are going to carry implications for the larger system of which they are a part. And that fact is admirably explained within Douglas' larger theory:
Methodology of Treatment Studies in Geriatric Depression

Treatment studies of geriatric depression should focus not only on recovery and remission but also on relapse, recurrence, disability, quality of life, cognitive impairment, and exacerbation of medical morbidity. Each of these outcomes appears to have different predictors. Medical burden may influence geriatric depression, response to antidepressants, and overall disability, as well as specific conditions underlying geriatric depression (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, stroke, or parkinsonism). Measures of medical morbidity, cognitive impairment, and perhaps structural brain abnormalities should be considered as possible influences on treatment response. Studies of geriatric depression associated with specific disease entities are necessary, using instruments that avoid rating symptoms and signs that are part of a concurrent dementia syndrome or result from a medical illness. However, there should also be ratings with an "all-inclusive" approach that disregards the origin of depressive symptoms—whether from depression, dementia, or the medical illness. This strategy will reduce the risk of underdiagnosing depression.
Re‐energizing a product portfolio: case study of a pharmaceutical merger

Purpose – In 2007 global mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity totaled a record $4.38 trillion, up 21 percent from 2006. Despite current turbulence in the world financial markets, 44 percent of privately held businesses globally are planning to grow through acquisition in the next three years. Following a merger or an acquisition, a combined firm may need to streamline an inefficient product portfolio so as to increase revenues and profitability. The consequences of retaining inefficient portfolios can be more than internal competition and inadequate financial returns. This paper seeks to illustrate key processes, methods and the value of strategic marketing research and science in helping make critical decisions that reshape an inefficient portfolio of 12 pharmaceutical products, created as the result of a merger of two large, global pharmaceutical firms.Design/methodology/approach – Using a case study, the paper posits that taking a customer‐centric, market‐driven view of the value of products in a po...
A Biosystems Approach to Industrial Patient Monitoring and Diagnostic Devices

Abstract A medical device is an apparatus that uses engineering and scientific principles to interface to physiology and diagnose or treat a disease. In this Lecture, we specifically consider thosemedical devices that are computer based, and are therefore referred to as medical instruments. Further, the medical instruments we discuss are those that incorporate system theory into their designs. We divide these types of instruments into those that provide continuous observation and those that provide a single snapshot of health information. These instruments are termed patient monitoring devices and diagnostic devices, respectively.Within this Lecture, we highlight some of the common system theory techniques that are part of the toolkit of medical device engineers in industry. These techniques include the pseudorandom binary sequence, adaptive filtering, wavelet transforms, the autoregressive moving average model with exogenous input, artificial neural networks, fuzzy models, and fuzzy control. Because the ...
Hábitos de lectura 10.5007/1518-2924.2001v6n11p73

Salazar, Silvana & Ponce, Dante. Habitos de lectura. 1a. ed. Lima : Instituto del Libro y la lectura, 1999. 142 p. Salazar, Silvana & Ponce, Dante. Reading habits. 1a. ed. Lima : Instituto del Libro y la lectura, 1999. 142 p.
Fixed-interval frustrative nonreward in profound retardates

The free-operant FI schedule is proposed as an assessment technique in frustrative nonreward investigations. Three profoundly retarded adult males were reinforced with candy for. FI 1 performance. When behavior stabilized, reward was omitted 25% of the time, and responding subsequent to rewarded and nonrewarded trials was compared at four equidistant points across the interval Responding was enhanced in the first 30 sec for all three Ss. For one S, this effect continued across the 60-sec interval, while for another S the effect was evident in all but the final 15-sec segment For the third S, responding decreased considerably in the final 30 sec. In general, the results are compatible with the frustrative nonreward literature. Alternative hypotheses are considered.
EHP sequences in BP theory

We have given the homomorphisms in these sequences their usual names: E for suspension, H for Hopf invariant, and P for Whitehead product. When the prime p = 2, it also happens that 9’” = S2n, and the EHP sequences provide a way of calculating the groups TV, inductive on the sphere dimension n, and on the stem dimension q-n. When p is an odd prime, the space 3’” (which has cells in each dimension 2n, 4n,. . ., 2n(p 1)) replaces the even dimensional sphere in the EHP induction. The homotopy groups of the even-dimensional spheres localized at p may be obtained from the fibration
A numeric data processor

A 4-state HMOS ROM, with nearly 700 bits of RAM for an internal stack and 29,000 bits of ROM for microcode and constants for a math processor, will be described. To integrate multiply, divide, square root and transcendental functions, a 68-bit internal data path has been included, with fast shifter and allied hardware to correct rounding.
Changes in expression of the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein, LAMP-1 in interdigital regions during embryonic mouse limb development, in vivo and in vitro.

Syndactyly, a failure of the digits to separate into individual units, affects about 8 to 9 per 1000 newborns and results from an aberration of the normal development of the interdigital tissues. Limb digit separation is the result of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes play a role in the process of cell self-destruction. Our experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the intensity of interdigital lysosomes increases during the separation of digits in vivo and in vitro. The primary mouse monoclonal antibody, 1D4B, detects the presence of lysosomes by identifying the LAMP-I glycoprotein on the lysosome cell membrane. In our experiment this antibody immunodetected interdigital lysosome proteins in serial sections of limbs from Swiss-Webster mouse embryos, gestational ages E12.5 through E15, key developmental stages for digit separation. Digit separation was associated with an increase in intensity of lysosomal protein staining. In E12.5 limbs, the presence of lysosomes was enriched in the distal aspect of the interdigital tissue. However, the number of lysosomes markedly increased in the E13 and E14 limbs, including the entire length and width of the interdigital tissue in the E14 limbs. This lysosomal protein presence in E14 limbs was significant compared to E12.5, E13, and E15 limbs. By day 12.5, the mouse embryo limb is committed to digit separation. Addition of retinoic acid to the culture medium of limbs earlier in development, such as E12, results in induction of the process of digit separation. Cultured E12 limbs that did not receive an addition of retinoic acid, did not show digit separation. We conclude that in the limb development process, the enrichment in interdigit LAMP-1 proteins, may indicate a relationship between lysosomes, apoptosis, and digit separation. We also conclude that retinoic acid has an important role in digit separation in vivo, as shown in limb development, and demonstrated through the addition of retinoic acid to media of cultured tissues.
Testicular pathologic changes and the pituitary-testicular axis during human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective: To chronicle pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction and its clinicopathologic features in homosexual men. Methods: Between 1984 and 1992, 84 homosexual men underwent longitudinal follow-up for 4 years. At entry into the study, 28 were seronegative and 56 were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although 40 subjects remained asymptomatic (nonprogressors), 16 had progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of those 16 patients with progression, 8 had AIDS within 2 years (early progressors) and 8 demonstrated AIDS within 4 years after enrollment (late progressors), and all died. The testes of five patients were examined at autopsy. The control group had similar follow-up. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone (bio-T) were measured in stored sera collected at 2-year intervals. The last hormonal measurement was between 3 and 24 months before autopsy. Comparison was made between autopsied and nonautopsie...
N-terminal fatty acylated His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 tetrapeptides: Influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes

The melanocortin system is involved in the regulation of a diverse number of physiologically important pathways including pigmentation, feeding behavior, weight and energy homeostasis, inflammation, and sexual function. All the endogenous melanocortin agonist ligands possess the conserved His-Phe-Arg-Trp tetrapeptide sequence that is postulated to be important for melanocortin receptor molecular recognition and stimulation. Previous studies by our laboratory resulted in the discovery that increasing alkyl chain length at the N-terminal “capping” region of the His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 tetrapeptide resulted in a 100-fold increased melanocortin receptor agonist potency. This study was undertaken to systematically evaluate the pharmacological effects of increasing N-capping alkyl chain length of the CH3(CH2)nCO-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 (n = 6−16) tetrapeptide template. Twelve analogues were synthesized and pharmacologically characterized at the mouse melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC3R−MC5R and human melanocytes kno...
Mixture of HMM Experts with applications to landmine detection

This paper introduces a novel mixture of experts model, the Mixture of Hidden Markov Model Experts (MHMME). This model is designed to perform context-based classification of samples that are variable length sequences. The contexts are determined by the gates and the classifiers are determined by the experts. The gates and the experts are learned simultaneously using a single probabilistic model. Experimental results on landmine dataset show that MHMME significantly outperforms the HMM-based and ME-based models.
Spectral cues for sound localization in cats: Effects of frequency domain on minimum audible angles in the median and horizontal planes

Rice et al. [Hear. Res. 58, 132-152 (1992)] classified directional properties of the cat's head-related transfer function (HRTF) into three frequency domains. Low frequencies (< 5 kHz) display a broad azimuth-sensitive spectral peak that establishes interaural level differences, mid frequencies (5-18 kHz) are marked with a single deep spectral notch that changes in frequency as a function of both azimuth and elevation, and high frequencies (18-50 kHz) exhibit a complex pattern of peaks and notches that shows extensive but less systematic changes with sound location. Spectral cues conveyed by the mid frequencies of broadband sounds are important in tasks that require cats to identify the actual location of acoustic stimuli [Huang and May, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (in press)]. The present study investigates how directional cues conveyed by the mid- and high-frequency spectrum of the HRTF influence the cat's ability to discriminate between sound locations. Thresholds for spatial acuity were measured as minimum audible angles (MAAs) [Mills, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 30, 237-246 (1958)] at positive azimuths in the interaural horizontal plane and at positive and negative elevations in the median vertical plane. The frequency domain of the noise burst had little effect on MAAs in the horizontal plane, but removal of high-frequency spectral information significantly increased thresholds at positive and negative elevations in the median plane. These results suggest that cats are sensitive to directional properties of the HRTF at frequencies above 18 kHz and may use this information to detect small changes in sound source elevation.
Flowgraph approach to laplace transforms and transient solutions of linear systems

Abstract The logical foundations of solving linear differential equations by the Laplace Transform are examined by flowgraph techniques. Three major developments result from this investigation: i) the recognition of a pattern or flowgraph linking the variables or its transforms by operators; ii) the identification of a set of elementary operations resulting in a table which lists a complete and non-redundant set of operations; iii) axioms establishing permissible sequences of operations. When the rules governing the basic operations are applied to solve a system of differential equations, a structure can be associated with each system. This structure or pattern usually provides new insights, is often an aid in computation, and is frequently useful in recognizing similar or related patterns. The versatility of the technique is demonstrated by a wide range of illustrative examples.
Comparison of outcomes for patients with medically inoperable Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer treated with two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional radiotherapy

Purpose: This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy and two-dimensional (2D) planning. Methods and Materials: Between 1978 and 2003, 200 patients with Stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with radiotherapy alone at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Eighty-five patients were treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy. For the 3D group, median age, radiation dose, and follow-up was 73 (range, 50–92), 66 Gy (range, 45–90.3 Gy), and 19 months (range, 3–77 months), respectively; and for the 2D group, 69 (range, 44–88), 64 Gy (range, 20–74 Gy), 20 months (range, 1–173 months), respectively. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control (LRC), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) rates were analyzed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in patient and tumor characteristics between 2D and 3D groups, except the 3D patients were older ( p = 0.006). The OS, DSS, and LRC rates were significantly higher in patients who were treated by 3D conformal radiotherapy. Two- and 5-year OS for the 3D group were 68% and 36%, respectively, and 47% and 10% in the 2D group ( p = 0.001). DSS at 2 and 5 years for the 3D group were 83% and 68%, respectively, vs. 62% and 29% in the 2D group ( p p Conclusions: This study demonstrates that 3D conformal radiotherapy improves outcomes in patients with medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC compared with 2D treatment and is an acceptable treatment for this group of patients.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FAMILY THERAPIES FOR SELECTED BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD

This article reviews the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of family-based aproaches in the treatment of selected childhood behavioral disorders. Although limitations certainly exist, family interventions have consitently improved child and, in some cases, parent functioning in families with children presenting with conduct disorder (CD) and autism. Parents and other family members also directly benefit from child-focused interventions, gaining in knowledge, child management skills, and attitudinal improvements. Longh-term follow-ups indicate that CD and autistic children achieved lasting gains. Similarly, the research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that parent training improves child noncompliance and aggression yet does not consistently affect core symptoms of ADHD. There is no evidence that adding short-term family interventions improves ADHD child functioning beyond improvements from the use of psychostimulant medications. Some tentative support for family involvement in the treatment of childhood anxieties and fears is reviewed, but clear conclusions await future investigations. Finally, several methodological limitations and needed areas of research are discussed.
Adenylyl cyclase localization regulates streaming during chemotaxis

We studied the role of the adenylyl cyclase ACA in Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis and streaming. In this process, cells orient themselves in a head to tail fashion as they are migrating to form aggregates. We show that cells lacking ACA are capable of moving up a chemoattractant gradient, but are unable to stream. Imaging of ACA-YFP reveals plasma membrane labeling highly enriched at the uropod of polarized cells. This localization requires the actin cytoskeleton but is independent of the regulator CRAC and the effector PKA. A constitutively active mutant of ACA shows dramatically reduced uropod enrichment and has severe streaming defects. We propose that the asymmetric distribution of ACA provides a compartment from which cAMP is secreted to locally act as a chemoattractant, thereby providing a unique mechanism to amplify chemical gradients. This could represent a general mechanism that cells use to amplify chemotactic responses.
Fracture energy for three point bend tests on single edge notched beams: Proposed evaluation

The research in fracture mechanics of concrete is reviewed in an attempt to reconcile the different, and sometimes contradictory, approaches for evaluation of the fracture energy, Gf. An improved method to measure Gf for beams in three point bending is presented. This method is expected to provide a more reliable characterization of the fracture toughness of concrete.
Ladar scanner vertical distortion reduction via controlled signal modulation with a reconfigurable FPGA

In this paper, a method is discussed for reducing the vertical spatial distortion due to physical scanner characteristics. Unlike methods of spatial correction during acquisition, the distortion in this case can be noticeably reduced before it is ever even produced. Instead of spatial correction, this method can be thought of as distortion reduction. This method is advantageous because it can be applied before a given Ladar image acquisition phase. During the acquisition phase, error is introduced due to approximations, and noise among other things. If the distortion can be reduced before the acquisition phase occurs, a higher accuracy can be achieved. The method presented here is based on the way the vertical scanner is driven. We show that if the vertical scanner is driven with a square wave of the correct frequency, a much more uniform vertical scanning pattern can be realized. We also show that this can easily be incorporated into an FPGA-based laser scanner controller.
A cross-sectional study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases among heavy smokers by race/ethnicity.

Differences in lung cancer risk by race/ethnicity have been observed among smokers. To determine whether these observations might reflect differences in the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts, we analysed blood specimens (n =151) collected from smokers who were recruited for possible participation in an antioxidant vitamin intervention study. Mononuclear cells were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotypes of glutathione S-transferase M1 and P1 (GSTM1 and GSTP1), enzymes involved in the detoxification of PAH metabolites, were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. GSTM1 was present in 65 out of 88 (73.4%), 16 out of 32 (50.0%) and 16 out of 29 (54.8%) of African-Americans, Caucasians and Latinos, respectively (p =0.022). Homozygosity for the GSTP1 codon 105 variant was found in 25.6%, 6.3% and 10.0% of African-Americans, Caucasians and Latinos, respective...
The seasonal circulation of the upper ocean in the Bay of Bengal

The present analysis of results generated by a multilayer, adiabatic, monthly mean wind-driven numerical model of the upper Indian Ocean indicates that its simulated northeastern currents are in general agreement with observations and interpretations. Attention is given to the large anticyclonic flow during Northern Hemisphere winter. The model's layer-thickness reveals the propagation of Kelvin waves along the coast, travelling the entire perimeter of the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal; this wave excites westward-propagating Rossby waves into the bay's interior. A time-series analysis of transport calculations yields peaks in the 20-30 day and 50-60 day ranges which are unlikely to have been directly forced by the applied stress.
Transmutation and linear stochastic estimation

It is shown that in suitable circumstances the characterization of transmutation kernels via minimization can be achieved via stochastic information and accomplishes the same thing in stochastic geometry as linear least squares estimation
Global awareness of disease outbreaks: the experience of ProMED-mail.

Public Health Reports / 2001 Supplement 2 / Volume 116 27 ProMED-mail was established to provide an early global warning of emerging diseases of humans, animals, and plants as well as of disease activities signaling biological warfare and bioterrorist activities. The creation of the ProMED-mail system filled a vacuum highlighted by the 1992 Institute of Medicine’s seminal publication of the occurrence of emerging diseases and reasons why we are likely to see increasing numbers of outbreaks in both developing and developed countries. ProMED-mail has electronically knitted together a global cadre of emerging disease specialists and other interested parties. It has been not inaccurately described as “the CNN of outbreaks.” Its first posting was on August 22, 1994 on “Sabia and Other Rodent-Borne Viruses.” In its five years, it has grown from 40 members to some 18,277 in 160 countries with an unrestricted membership, now more than 20,000 members. During 1999, 2,226 messages were posted, averaging more than six each day, seven days a week. The program has few graphics and loads quickly in locations with slow connection to the Internet; the search engine connects to prior posting, and other links are available. Veterinary activities play a significant role in monitoring emerging diseases because they are central to understanding new diseases in animal populations. New diseases in animals have an impact in and of themselves, but they can also serve as comparative lessons on disease ecology. Most strikingly, they can involve significant outbreaks in human populations as new zoonoses emerge and are characterized. Time and again, over the past five years, new diseases in humans can only be fully understood when the animal components have been delineated. In 1999, 63% of all postings were of animal diseases and infections; this is not an unusual percentage. In the few years that ProMED-mail has been functioning, one has noticed a significant change in the attitude of the medical fraternity to veterinarians. It was slow at first, but after two years there was a sudden shift as they seemed to become aware of the central position of veterinary medicine to human health, quite apart from food hygiene and the other Global Awareness of Disease Outbreaks: The Experience of ProMED-mail
Fyn Kinase Is Required for Optimal Humoral Responses

The generation of antigen-specific antibodies and the development of immunological memory require collaboration between B and T cells. T cell-secreted IL-4 is important for B cell survival, isotype switch to IgG1 and IgE, affinity maturation, and the development of germinal centers (GC). Fyn, a member of the Src family tyrosine kinase, is widely expressed in many cell types, including lymphocytes. This kinase is known to interact with both the B cell and T cell receptor (BCR and TCR, respectively). While Fyn deletion does not impair the development of immature T cells and B cells, TCR signaling is altered in mature T cells. The current study demonstrates that Fyn deficient (KO) B cells have impaired IL-4 signaling. Fyn KO mice displayed low basal levels of IgG1, IgE and IgG2c, and delayed antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2b production, with a dramatic decrease in antigen-specific IgG2c following immunization with a T-dependent antigen. Defects in antibody production correlated with significantly reduced numbers of GC B cells, follicular T helper cells (TFH), and splenic plasma cells (PC). Taken together, our data demonstrate that Fyn kinase is required for optimal humoral responses.
Tissue distribution of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in rats receiving multiple doses of doxorubicin

Plasma and tissue levels of doxorubicin (DXR) and doxorubicinol (DXR-OL) were measured fluorometrically after high-pressure liquid chromatography at 1, 3, and 24 h following one, nine, and 24 doses of 1.0 mg DXR/kg or one and eight doses of 4.0 mg DXR/kg, IP, to rats. Comparison of plasma levels of DXR found following single and multiple doses suggests significant build-up of DXR at 1 h with successive doses, but not at 3 h. Liver exhibited substantially higher levels of DXR (on a per gram of protein basis) than did plasma, and multiple doses did not produce higher levels than did a single dose. In contrast, the heart accumulated DXR slowly, attaining levels after multiple dosing in excess of those found in the liver. Skeletal muscle exhibited dose-related levels similar to those for heart but the absolute levels of DXR in muscle were only about one-tenth of those observed in heart. DXR-OL was at very low levels of ≤4% of the DXR levels in the tissues; it was, however, a major circulatory metabolite, attaining levels in the plasma as high as 85% of the concentration of DXR.
Oxidative inactivation of Tulare apple mosaic virus.

Abstract Purified Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) preparations were inactivated by 10–15-minute exposure to eight partially substituted quinones. However, each, of these partially substituted quinones was less effective than tetrachloro- o -benzoquinone (TCQ). The reduced activity of the partially substituted quinones appeared to be associated with their ability to undergo addition reactions rather than the presence or absence of a particular substituent group. TAMV was inactivated by exposure to eight of nine inorganic oxidizing agents tested. When tested at various oxidant concentrations, Fremy's salt, iodine-sodium iodide, and silver oxide produced inactivation curves similar to those obtained with the partially substituted quinones. Quantitatively potassium permanganate resembled TCQ in its ability to inactivate TAMV. Exposure of TAMV to silver oxide at virus to oxidant ratios of 0.3:1 and 0.7:1 resulted in marked increases in absorption in the 280 mμ to 320 mμ region of the ultra-violet light spectrum and a fourfold decrease in the serological activity. Despite these changes not all infectivity was lost. By contrast, TAMV exposed to TCQ at virus to quinone ratios near 34:1 exhibited no changes in absorption spectrum and no loss of serological activity, but was completely inactivated. TAMV was not inactivated by exposure to ovalbumin coated with 4-methyl- o -benzoquinone.
Extrapulmonary small cell: a novel case of small cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland

Neuroendocrine tumors comprise a large group of malignancies which share unique morphological features and are characterized by the presence of neuroendocrine markers such as synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, and CD56 (N-CAM), ranging from indolent tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, to aggressive tumors, such as small cell carcinoma. The lung is the most common site for primary neuroendocrine tumors. Extrapulmonary primary sites of small cell carcinoma are rare but have been documented arising from various sites including esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, gallbladder, thymus, salivary gland, ovary, cervix, bladder, prostate, and skin. We present a case of small cell carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland, a site not previously described in the literature. A 59-year-old woman presented with a thyroid mass, which, after resection, showed small cell morphology and positive immunostains for TTF-1, synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, CD56, etc. Five months after diagnosis, she had widely metastatic disease. After a near-complete response to the first chemo-treatment, her disease progressed. Following local radiation and more rounds of chemotherapy, she succumbed to the disease, 15 months after diagnosis. Our patient had no pulmonary lesions at the time of diagnosis to suggest metastasis from the lung. Much like its pulmonary counterparts, this small cell carcinoma of primary thyroid origin displayed an aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. Although it shows early sensitivity to chemotherapy, small cell carcinoma remains a difficult-to-treat cancer with a poor prognosis and can rarely be seen originating in organs outside of the lung.
Gender differences in psychological, physical, and sexual aggression among college students using the revised conflict tactics scales.

In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration. Language: en
Isotopic geochemistry of uranium and lead in the Swedish kolm and its associated shale

Abstract The uranium and lead concentration and isotopic composition in a variety of samples of kolm and associated black shale from the Peltura beds (Franconian stage) of the Upper Cambrian of Sweden have been determined by isotope dilution techniques. In addition Th 230 , Ra 226 , Pb 210 and radon leakage values have been determined on certain samples. All samples show discordant U-Pb isotopic ages. It appears that two processes have been at work; selective removal of Pb 206 , resulting from the movement of an intermediate member of the U 238 -Pb 206 series, and removal of bulk radiogenic lead. The absolute age of the formation is concluded to be greater than 500 million years with the most probable age near this lower limit. This is in good agreement with the latest results on the absolute geologic time scale. The stratigraphically well-dated kolm cannot, however, be considered a calibration point in the absolute time scale. It does show that uranium-lead dating on bituminous shales will lead to minimum ages for these formations.
Mandatory Catch and Release and Maximum Length Limits for Largemouth Bass in Minnesota: Is Exploitation Still a Relevant Concern?

Abstract We evaluated the response of Minnesota populations of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to implementation of 305-mm maximum total length (TL) limits (three lakes) and mandatory catch-and-release regulations (six lakes). Responses were compared with population trends observed in nine reference populations where largemouth bass harvest was regulated by prevailing statewide regulations. Increased harvest regulation generally improved largemouth bass size structure, but statistically significant improvements in size structure indices were detected in only a few individual lakes. Increased regulation of harvest did not appear to influence electrofishing catch per unit effort (CPUE; fish/h) of largemouth bass less than 381 mm TL. Electrofishing CPUE of fish greater than or equal to 381 mm TL (CPUE-381) generally improved after more stringent harvest regulations were in place, but improvements were only significant for two of the three lakes where a 305-mm maximum length limit was implemented. With ...
Instructional design for developing computer-based learning materials

AbstractMany individuals have recently entered the instructional software development field. Frequently these individuals are trained in computer programming and knowledgeable of the subject matter to be delivered by the computer but unskilled in instructional design. The authors address this knowledge deficiency by reviewing instructional design research and theory and relating this information to the design of computer-based instructional materials. Instructional design guidelines are offered to aid software developers in making design decisions on the macro- and micro-levels of instruction.
Zimelidine vs. amitriptyline vs. placebo in a double‐blind study

Zimelidine, a new antidepressant compound structurally different from the tricyclics, is a potent and selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor which has been found an effective antidepressant in previous clinical trials. In this study, zimelidine was administered to one out of three subjects in a 60-patient double-blind controlled trial. This was part of a large multicenter study, performed in the United States of America. Patients were selected mainly from the Midtown Manhattan area in New York City. Following at least one week of placebo, patients were randomly assigned to zimelidine, amitriptyline or placebo for four weeks. Initial dosage of zimelidine was 25 mg t.i.d., later increased over the period of four weeks to 100 mg t.i.d. The rating instruments were the Hamilton Depression Scale (21 item version), the Beck Self-Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. The side effects were recorded by active questionning according to a side effect inventory. Vital signs, laboratory work including ECG and plasma levels, were performed weekly. At the time of the report, two-thirds of our study is completed and data regarding comparative efficacy of zimelidine vs. amitriptyline vs. placebo, as well as relative incidence of side effects is reported.*
Current Solutions: Recent Experience in Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources

This report catalogues selected real-world technical experiences of utilities and customers that have interconnected distributed energy assets with the electric grid. This study was initiated to assess the actual technical practices for interconnecting distributed generation and had a particular focus on the technical issues covered under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1547(TM) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems.
Complex pancreatic vascular anomalies in children.

Abstract Background Vascular anomalies are vascular tumors and congenital malformations that rarely involve the pancreas. Diagnosis and management of these lesions is complex. Methods An institutional review board–approved retrospective database and record review from 1994 through 2004 at a quaternary referral center for vascular anomalies was conducted. Results Of 5051 patients with a vascular anomaly, 6 had a lesion involving the pancreas. All patients were younger than 3 years. There were three tumors (two infantile hemangiomas and one Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma) and three malformations (two lymphatic and one venous). The referring diagnoses were correct for 4 patients. All anomalies were diagnosed with a combination of cross-sectional imaging and angiography. Five patients received medical therapy including two malformation patients who were initially treated with antiangiogenic drugs. Two patients with lymphatic malformations underwent operative intervention. One infantile hemangioma was treated with percutaneous biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice. Conclusion Complex pancreatic vascular anomalies are rare. Vascular tumors are generally amenable to treatment with antiangiogenic medications. Operative resection is reserved for refractory cases or complications. Symptomatic vascular malformations are treated exclusively by surgery. Evaluation and management of these lesions is complex and may benefit from coordinated interdisciplinary care.
The incidence of arm edema in women with breast cancer randomized on the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project study B-04 to radical mastectomy versus total mastectomy and radiotherapy versus total mastectomy alone.

Purpose To determine the incidence and factors associated with the development of arm edema in women who participated in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) study B-04. Methods and Materials Between 1971 and 1974, the NSABP protocol B-04 randomized 1,665 eligible patients with resectable breast cancer to either ( 1 ) the Halstead-type radical mastectomy; ( 2 ) total mastectomy and radiotherapy to the chest wall, axilla, supraclavicular region, and internal mammary nodes if by clinical examination axillary nodes were involved by tumor; and ( 3 ) for patients with a clinically uninvolved axilla, a third arm, total mastectomy alone. Measurements of the ipsilateral and contralateral arm circumferences were to be performed every 3 months. Results There was at least one recorded measurement of arm circumferences for 1,457 patients (87.5% of eligible patients). There were 674 women (46.3%) who experienced arm edema at some point during the period of follow-up until February 1976. For radical mastectomy patients, total mastectomy and radiotherapy patients, and total mastectomy patients alone, arm edema was recorded at least once in 58.1%, 38.2%, and 39.1% of patients, respectively (p p = p = .001) and at last assessment ( p = .005). Conclusions Patients who undergo mastectomy, including those whose treatment plans do not include axillary dissection or postoperative radiotherapy, suffer an appreciable incidence of arm edema.
Executive functioning mediates the link between other neuropsychological domains and daily functioning: a Project FRONTIER study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating impact of executive functioning on the link between other neuropsychological domain scores and informant-based rating of functional status.Methods: Data on 181 participants were analyzed from an ongoing epidemiological study of rural health, Project FRONTIER (mean age = 64.6 ± 13.8 years, 69% women, 42% Mexican American). Executive functioning was assessed by the EXIT25 and other neuropsychological domains were assessed via the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Informant-based rating of functional status was assessed via the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes scores (CDR SB).Results: RBANS Index scores were each significantly (p < 0.05) related to CDR SB scores and EXIT25 scores. EXIT25 score was a significant partial mediator of the link between four RBANS indices (Immediate Memory, Attention, Visuospatial/Construction, Delayed Memory) and CDR SB scores, and a complete mediator of the fifth index (Language).Conclusion: Executive functioning is a mediator of the link between other neuropsychological domains and daily functioning. Neuropsychological assessments that do not measure executive functioning will provide only a partial clinical picture with adults and elders.
Manufacturing neurons from human embryonic stem cells: biological and regulatory aspects to develop a safe cellular product for stroke cell therapy.

Demographic trends, particularly those related to longer life expectancy, suggest that the demand for tissue and organ transplants will further increase since many disorders result from degeneration, injury or organ failure. The most urgent problem in transplantation medicine is the shortage or lack of suitable donor organs and tissue, leading to ethical and societal problems such as organ trafficking. The discovery of stem cells in the inner cell mass of developing embryos and in adult tissue has revolutionized the medical field by introducing new therapeutic dimensions to consider for previously untreatable diseases and injuries. The unlimited self-renewal ability and pluripotent capacity to become any cell type of the organism make human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) a compelling source of cells to study tissue histogenesis and to apply in a wide array of tissue engineering, cell transplantation therapy and drug discovery applications. In this article, we will focus on hESCs and address the derivation o...
Point Pattern Matching

Shape recognition is an important task in computer vision and pattern recognition. The term shape is referred to as the invariant geometrical properties of the relative distances among a set of static spatial features of an object. These static spatial features are known as the shape features of the object [17]. For the purpose of recognition, much of the visual data perceived by the human eye is highly redundant. It has been suggested from the viewpoint of the human visual system that some dominant points along an object contour are rich in information content and sufficient to characterize the shape of the object. Thus, point pattern matching (PPM),wherein points are used as shape features, is a crucial vision task.
Soil carbon storage estimation in a forested watershed using quantitative soil-landscape modeling.

Carbon storage in soils is important to forest ecosystems. Moreover, forest soils may serve as important C sinks for ameliorating excess atmospheric Cot. Spatial estimates of soil organic C (SOC) storage have traditionally relied upon soil survey maps and laboratory characterization data. This approach does not account for inherent variability within map units, and often relies on incomplete, unrepresentative, or biased data. Our objective was to develop soil-landscape models that quantify relationships between SOC and topographic variables derived from digital elevation models. Within a 1500-ha watershed in eastern Kentucky, the amount of SOC stored in the soil to a depth of 0.3 m was estimated using triplicate cores at each node of a 380-m grid. We stratified the data into four aspect classes and used robust linear regression to generate empirical models. Despite low coefficients of correlation between measured SOC and individual terrain attributes, we developed and validated models that explain up to 71% of SOC variability using three to five terrain attributes. Mean SOC content in the upper 30 cm, as predicted from our models, is 5.3 kg m-2, compared with an estimate of 2.9 kg mP2 from soil survey data. Total SOC storage in the upper 30 cm within the entire watershed is 82.0 Gg, compared with an estimate of 44.8 Gg from soil survey data. A soil-landscape modeling approach may prove useful for future SOC spatial modeling because it incorporates the continuous variability of SOC across landscapes and may be transportable to similar landscapes. N IMPORTANT component in understanding the role
Maximum likelihood estimation of OFDM carrier frequency offset

We develop a maximum likelihood estimate for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) carrier frequency offset in the presence of virtual carriers. It is found that the resulting estimate has an identical form to that of a previously proposed blind OFDM carrier frequency offset estimate by Liu and Tureli (see IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.2, p.104-106, 1998). Insights are provided as to why these two algorithms are equivalent.