cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Organs for Transplantation: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading?

In the field of transplantation, the demand for organs continues to increase and has far outpaced the supply. This ever-growing unmet need for organs calls for innovative solutions in order to save more lives. The development of new technologies in the field of biomedical engineering might be able to provide some solutions. With the advent of 3D bioprinting, the potential development of tissues or organ grafts from autologous cells might be within the reach in the near future. Based on the technology and platform used for regular 3D printing, 3D bioprinters have the ability to create biologically functional tissues by dispensing layer after layer of bioink and biogel that if left to mature with the proper environment will produce a functional tissue copy with normal metabolic activity. In the present day, 3D-bioprinted bladders, tracheal grafts, bone, and cartilage have proven to be functional after development and implantation in animal models and humans. Promising ongoing projects in different institutions around the world are focused on the development of 3D-bioprinted organs such as the livers and kidneys with integrated vasculature, in order for the tissue to be able to thrive once it has been transplanted. This review focuses on the background, the present, and the future of 3D bioprinting and its potential role in transplantation.
Circulating fibrocytes as predictors of adverse events in unstable angina.

Half of the patients who present with unstable angina (UA) develop recurrent symptoms over the subsequent year. Identification of patients destined to develop such adverse events would be clinically valuable, but current tools do not allow for this discrimination. Fibrocytes are bone marrow–derived progenitor cells that co-express markers of leukocytes and fibroblasts and are released into the circulation in the context of tissue injury. We hypothesized that, in patients with UA, the number of circulating fibrocytes predicts subsequent adverse events. We enrolled 55 subjects with UA, 18 with chronic stable angina, and 22 controls and correlated their concentration of circulating fibrocytes to clinical events (recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, revascularization, or death) over the subsequent year. Subjects with UA had a >2-fold higher median concentration of both total and activated fibrocytes compared with subjects with chronic stable angina and controls. In UA subjects, the concentration of total fibrocytes identified those who developed recurrent angina requiring revascularization (time-dependent area under the curve 0.85) and was superior to risk stratification using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels (area under the curve, 0.53 and 0.56, respectively, P P
Teaching NeuroImages: Optic radiation hemorrhage: A rare complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

A 14-year-old girl with a history of epilepsy had ventricular fibrillation, requiring 59 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Spontaneous circulation was achieved and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. Intact pupillary reflex, gross blink to threat, and normal funduscopic examination were noted. Formal visual testing was not feasible with sedation. A prognostic brain MRI revealed bilateral optic radiation microhemorrhages (figure 1), not present on prior imaging (figure 2).
Abstract 2357: Defining the Ezrin-CLIC4 interaction in osteosarcoma

Ezrin, a linker protein between the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane, plays an important role in the metastatic phenotype of cancers that includes osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. To better understand the role of ezrin in metastasis, we have identified proteins that bind the N-terminus of ezrin using tandem mass spectrometry affinity chromatography. One of the mass spectrometry identified proteins is the p53, TNFα, and c-Myc regulated stress-response protein Chloride Intracellular Channel 4 (CLIC4). Under conditions of cell stress, CLIC4 has been shown to translocate to the nucleus and subsequently cause cell-cycle arrest and/or accelerate apoptosis in cancer cells including osteosarcoma. Emerging data from our lab suggests that ezrin may provide metastatic cells with an early survival advantage by helping to resist the stresses of metastasis and resultant apoptosis. Combining these two lines of reasoning, we hypothesized that ezrin prevents CLIC4 induced apoptosis during times of stress by maintaining CLIC4 out of the nucleus. Using cell free conditions we have demonstrated a direct relationship between ezrin and CLIC4 recombinant proteins and through co-immunoprecipitation in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, experiments to define the minimal binding determinants of the ezrin-CLIC4 interaction are currently underway. We have confirmed co-expression of ezrin and CLIC4 in multiple human osteosarcoma cell lines and human sarcomas using both immunohistochemistry and expression microarray. We have recently developed assays and reagents to monitor and manipulate CLIC4 nuclear localization under conditions of stress. The outcome of this work will be to define the nature and biological significance of the ezrin-CLIC4 interaction in metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2357.
Epidemiological Analysis of Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Lulong County of Hebei Province during 2004—2007

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic trend of Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB) in Lulong County during 2004—2007,and provide scientific evidence for future TB control.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the data of smear-positive TB during 2004—2007.[Results] From 2004—2007,a total of 855 cases of smear-positive TB cases were found,with the annual average rate of 51.06/100 000.322(43.90%) patients aged 40~59 years;The sex ratio of male to female was 1.90 ∶1;The main occupation was peasant(827 cases,accounted for 96.73%).The cases mainly distributed in Lulong town(19.65%),LiuTianZhuang town(11.11%).[Conclusion]Cases distribution is mainly in cities with big population mobility and remote rural areas with underdeveloped economy.Therefore,the effective measures for TB control are strengthening the awareness of TB prevention and control,as well as the establishment of township and village TB control institutions,and further improving the detection rate of patients and referral rates.
Influence of Active Power Channel Deviation from DCS to DEH and Software Correction

This paper proposes that automatic correction loop for channel errors is designed by means of logic correction in the DCS configuration software based on the communication data between DEH and DCS,and the parameters are adjusted properly in order to achieve real time transmission of the channel error to the signal source for compensation.Experiments show that this method realizes the desirable effect that the static error is completely eliminated and dynamic error significantly reduced.
Heat production in isolated heart myocytes: differences among species

A new calorimetry method has been developed to measure heat production from heart cell suspensions under continuous perfusion. The method is technically independent of the temperature at which the measurements are made, allows full control of the perfusion media, and is suitable for various biological preparations such as cells from diverse tissues, membrane vesicles, or skinned cells. The resting heat rate (Hr) measured at 18.5 degrees C in three different species (19.2 +/- 0.43, 12.8 +/- 0.56, and 9.4 +/- 0.52 mW/g dry wt for rat, guinea pig, and rabbit ventricular myocytes, respectively) agrees with that obtained with other methodologies such as oxygen consumption, thermopiles, and whole heart calorimetry. The Hr measurements showed an excellent correlation with the percentage of rod-shaped cells, indicating that rounded cells are metabolically inactive. Although the time course of the effect of increasing extracellular [K] was dependent on the species, the new steady level of Hr observed under higher extracellular [K] was significantly higher in all three species (+8.3 +/- 1.2, +9.5 +/- 4.0, and +9.3 +/- 2.7 mW/g dry wt for rat, guinea pig, and rabbit ventricular cells, respectively). This indicates that the commonly used "arrested-heart" preparation (with high extracellular [K]) for evaluation of basal metabolism most probably overestimates the real resting values. The present results also show that the wide range of resting metabolism reported in whole tissue is not due to cellular heterogeneity nor to myocyte interaction and supports the idea of an inverse relationship between resting metabolism and body weight or animal size across species.
Genetic variation of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Abstract Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are caused by accumulation of a misfolded form of the prion protein (PrP). The normal cellular isoform of PrP is produced by the prion gene (PRNP) and is highly expressed in the central nervous system. Currently, there is an absence of information regarding the genetic sequence of alpaca PRNP and the potential susceptibility of this species to TSE. The objective of this study was to sequence the open reading frame of the alpaca prion gene and analyze this sequence for variation within the alpaca population and for homology to TSE-susceptible species. We sequenced the open reading frame of the prion gene of 40 alpacas of Huacaya or Suri descent. Length polymorphisms were identified within the sampled population. A subset (15%) of animals contained an additional 24 base pairs within the putative octapeptide repeat region. This polymorphism was independent of breed and sex. The majority (52.5%) of animals were heterozygous, possessing both longer and shorter alleles. Comparison with proven TSE-susceptible species (sheep, cattle, deer) revealed the following amino acid sequence variations: I6M, A16V, M17T, G92del, Q95_G96insG, N111S, R167K, N/T177S, I206V, S225Y, Y228S, Q230G, and L237del. Sequence alignment showed high homology compared to camel (> 95%), sheep (> 88%), cattle (> 87%) and deer (> 88%) PRNP sequence. This study demonstrates intraspecies variability within the PRNP open reading frame in alpacas and overall high sequence homology to TSE-susceptible species, providing foundational data for further research on the potential susceptibility of alpacas to TSE.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE DIABETIC FOOT

MR is useful in evaluating foot abnormalities in diabetic patients. MR offers superior spatial resolution over radionuclide bone scans and superior soft tissue contrast over CT and radiography. MR is able to localize and distinguish soft tissue abscesses from soft tissue edema. MR is sensitive at demonstrating the presence and extent of osteomyelitis.
A critical review of free volume and occupied volume calculation methods

Abstract Free volume affects many properties of polymers but is relatively difficult to access experimentally. Several methods of calculating free volume are available, but the assumptions implicit in their use are not always examined closely. This paper reviews free volume concepts and examines the methods of calculating free volume from first principles, giving particular attention to the history of the frequently used “1.3” factor quoted from Van Krevelen. Calculating free volume using the “1.3” factor, a method first proposed by Lee, is shown to be incorrect according to first principles. The error becomes particularly significant when calculating the free volume of a mixed system, such as a polymer with sorbed gas. However, the “1.3” factor can still be useful in the absence of certain physical data. A comparison of free volume calculation techniques is also presented, followed by an evaluation of free volume correlations with gas permeability and recommendations for future research.
Inflammatory Markers Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Background Despite evidence for higher risk of coronary artery disease among HIV+ individuals, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated associations of inflammatory markers with subclinical coronary artery disease in 923 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (575 HIV+ and 348 HIV− men) who underwent noncontrast computed tomography scans for coronary artery calcification, the majority (n=692) also undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. Methods and Results Outcomes included presence and extent of coronary artery calcification, plus computed tomography angiography analysis of presence, composition, and extent of coronary plaques and severity of coronary stenosis. HIV+ men had significantly higher levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, C‐reactive protein, and soluble‐tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor (sTNFαR) I and II (all P <0.01) and a higher prevalence of noncalcified plaque (63% versus 54%, P =0.02) on computed tomography angiography. Among HIV+ men, for every SD increase in log‐interleukin‐6 and log intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, there was a 30% and 60% increase, respectively, in the prevalence of coronary stenosis ≥50% (all P <0.05). Similarly, sTNFαR I and II in HIV+ participants were associated with an increase in prevalence of coronary stenosis ≥70% ( P <0.05). Higher levels of interleukin‐6, sTNFαR I, and sTNFαR II were also associated with greater coronary artery calcification score in HIV+ men ( P <0.01). Conclusions Higher inflammatory marker levels are associated with greater prevalence of coronary stenosis in HIV+ men. Our findings underscore the need for further study to elucidate the relationships of inflammatory pathways with coronary artery disease in HIV+ individuals.
Mothers at Work: Summary and Overview

In the first chapter, we presented a broad review of the literature on the effects of maternal employment on families and children. From this we drew several conclusions. First, the link between maternal employment and child outcomes is a distal one. To understand its effects on children, we need to investigate the steps in between. We need to know how maternal employment affects family interaction and the attitudes of the parents and children. We need to understand the process by which effects take place. Further, we concluded that there were three major paths to explore: (1) the role of the father; (2) the mother's sense of well-being; and (3) the patterns of parenting in the family. To examine these issues, a research project was launched. The sample covered a broad socioeconomic range of families living in an industrialized city in the Midwest. The focus of the investigation was a child in the third or fourth grade of the public schools. The sample size was modest but an extensive volume of data was collected from parents, children, teachers, peers, and school records. The results of this investigation have been reported in the preceding chapters. Throughout the book, our aim has been to understand how the employment status of the mother, whether she is employed or a full-time homemaker, affects the family and children.
Myeloid leukemia switch as immune escape from CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy

Gardner et al. recently reported on two cases of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) + acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurring after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy for MLL + B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (1). This report provides new insights into mechanisms of immune escape from targeted immunotherapy and strategies to prevent their occurrence with adapted immune interventions.
Generation of dynamically configured check lists for intra-operative problems using a set of covering algorithms.

We present a prototype of a decision support system for anesthesia that applies set covering theory. The system is designed to generate dynamically configured check-lists for intra- operative problems. These lists have the potential to help anesthesiologists detect and manage problems in a timely manner. The items in the lists consist of major complications that should be considered for a particular case. A set covering algorithm that accommodates multiple problem sets was used to implement the prototype. A simulated case and the system behavior are presented. The ultimate goals of a system such as the one presented are to function as an intelligent alarm module for electronic monitors and to facilitate the task of correcting intra-operative problems.
Neuroimaging somatosensory perception and masking

The specific cortical and subcortical regions involved in conscious perception and masking are uncertain. This study sought to identify brain areas involved in conscious perception of somatosensory stimuli during a masking task using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) to contrast perceived vs. non-perceived targets. Electrical trains were delivered to the right index finger for targets and to the left index finger for masks. Target intensities were adjusted to compensate for threshold drift. Sham target trials were given in ~10% of the trials, and target stimuli without masks were delivered in one of the five runs (68 trials/run). When healthy dextral adult volunteers (n=15) perceived right hand targets, greater left- than right-cerebral activations were seen with similar patterns across the parietal cortex, thalamus, insula, claustrum, and midbrain. When targets were not perceived, left/right cerebral activations were similar overall. Directly comparing perceived vs. non-perceived stimuli with similar intensities in the masking task revealed predominate activations contralateral to masks. In contrast, activations were greater contralateral to perceived targets if no masks were given or if masks were given but target stimulus intensities were greater for perceived than non-perceived targets. The novel aspects of this study include: 1) imaging of cortical and subcortical activations in healthy humans related to somatosensory perception during a masking task, 2) activations in the human thalamus and midbrain related to perception of stimuli compared to matched non-perceived stimuli, and 3) similar left/right cerebral activation patterns across cortical, thalamic and midbrain structures suggesting interactions across all three levels during conscious perception in humans.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for adolescent depression: Application with a diverse and predominantly socioeconomically disadvantaged sample

Abstract The existing evidence supporting the use of contemporary behavior therapies for adolescent depression is promising but limited. Using a within-series simple phase-change design, 11 adolescents ( M age=15.82, SD =1.40, 46% African-American, 36% Multi-Racial, 18% European-American) with major depressive disorder were offered 3 sessions of Motivational Interviewing Assessment (MIA; Phase A) followed by up to 12 sessions ( M =6.3) of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy protocol (ACT; Phase B). Group-level statistically significant effects were found during MIA on 2/5 variables— the Children's Depression Rating Scale – Revised (CDRS-R) and Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale – Short Form (BADS-SF)—while statistically significant changes were found during ACT on 5/5 variables, including the CDRS-R, BADS-SF, Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth-8 (AFQ-Y8). At the individual level, clinically significant changes on the CDRS–R were observed for 8/11 participants during ACT, while time series analyses controlling for MIA trend demonstrated statistically significant effect sizes on the BADS-SF and AFQ-Y8 for 5/11 and 3/11 participants, respectively. These data suggest the potential utility of ACT for youth from lower income families and from diverse backgrounds; however, given the small sample size and the simple phase-change design, additional research is clearly warranted.
Community Policies and Programs to Prevent Obesity and Child Adiposity.

Introduction Evidence regarding impact of community policies and programs (CPPs) to prevent child obesity is limited, and which combinations of strategies and components are most important is not understood. The Healthy Communities Study was an observational study to assess relationships of characteristics and intensity of CPPs with adiposity, diet, and physical activity in children, taking advantage of variation across the U.S. in community actions to prevent child obesity. The study examined the association of CPPs to prevent child obesity with measured BMI and waist circumference, hypothesizing that communities with more-comprehensive CPPs would have children with lower adiposity. Methods The study included 130 communities selected by probability-based sampling or because of known CPPs targeting child obesity. Data were collected at home visits on 5,138 children during 2013–2015. CPPs were scored for multiple attributes to create a CPP intensity score. A CPP target behavior score reflected the number of distinct target behaviors addressed. Scores were standardized with the smallest observed score across communities being 0 and the largest 1. Multilevel regression analysis in 2016 adjusted for community, household, and individual characteristics. Results Higher CPP target behavior score was significantly associated with lower BMI and waist circumference in a dose−response relationship, with magnitude for the past 3 years of CPPs of 0.843 (p=0.013) for BMI and 1.783 cm (p=0.020) for waist circumference. Conclusions This study provides plausible evidence that comprehensive CPPs targeting a greater number of distinct physical activity and nutrition behaviors were associated with lower child adiposity.
Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplantation

Pediatric patients with liver dysfunction and renal failure may exhibit many comorbidities. There are often associated congenital syndromes to be taken into account. Liver and renal transplantation offer a solution and substantial improvement in quality of life. Anesthetic management of pediatric liver and renal transplantation has not been well described. There are key differences between adults and children undergoing these procedures, and acknowledgment of some key principles provide a solid foundation to optimize perioperative outcomes. This article provides an overview of the perioperative management and considerations in pediatric patients undergoing liver and renal transplantation.
Mitochondrial Dynamics In Lung Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is linked to mitochondrial oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are important for cell homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Here, we show that Akt1 is activated in fibrotic macrophages and induces lung macrophage mtROS, which promotes the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. Akt1-induced mitophagy in lung macrophages is required for macrophage-derived TGF-β1 expression, which promotes fibrosis development. Mice harboring a conditional deletion of Akt1 in macrophages (Akt1-/-Lyz2-cre) have impaired mitophagy that correlates with decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and reduced ATP production. We determined that Akt1 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) by modulating p38 MAPK, thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, mice administered mdivi-1, a chemical inhibitor of mitochondrial division, were protected from bleomycin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, IPF lung macrophages displayed evidence of increased mitophagy as well as mitochondrial biogenesis that is, in part, due to greater activation of Akt1. These observations suggest that macrophage Akt1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and promotes the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
The Southern Gentleman and the Idea of Masculinity: Figures and Aspects of the Southern Beau in the Literary Tradition of the American South

Before the end of the 18th century, Northern and Southern writers had established many stereotypes of American masculinity that still exercise a tenuous hold: the leisured and gracious Southern gentleman (as described by William Byrd), the womanizing, drinking gambling rapscallion (Byrd), the hunting and fishing-addicted Redneck; the money-loving Puritan-inflected Yankee, and the blackman. By the end of the 19th century, these regional stereotypes had hardened, leading Southerners to conclude that they were superior to their Northern counterpart. One thinks for instance of civil war assertion by white southern men that the war was a necessary “vindication of our manhood” as Robert Toombs told the Georgia Legislature in 1860, or that they could “whip the Yankees, 5 or 6 to one” as one former slave remembered (qtd. In Trent Watts, White Masculinity in the Recent South). Starting with the Civil War, the South witnessed the “democratization” of gentlemanliness in the 19th century, i. E. The transformation of a male stereotype from an essentially aristocratic, inherited privilege to a middle-class, materialistic desire. The political revolution as well as rampant industrialization saw the displacement of gentry masculinity by more calculative, rational and regulated masculinities. This realization suggested to me the instability of this ideology of masculinity as a fruitful area of analysis in the literature of the period. Academics have largely discussed the enormous socio-historical changes that affected women, ladies, belles, slaves, and poor whites in the New South. The Belle, for instance, “rebels” as Nina Entzminger describes her in her now famous The Belle Gone Bad and leaving her dresses, hats, dance halls (and her beaux), she strives to deconstruct the prescribed stereotypes of Southern gender. In such studies, however, only women seemed to have gender, with white men seeming “invisible,” i. E. Almost taken for granted, sheltered from history and it seemed by history itself. But what about Southern gentlemen during these times of change? With this question in mind, I have therefore analyzed texts of literature (plays and romances) from the 1830s to the 1940s, that is texts announcing and exploring the New South to see how (and if) they renegotiated the situation of these Southern men, how they both repeated and deviated from the consensus discourse and the historical myths (of the mythical Old South, the Lost cause, the Cavalier, etc) that constrained them—the ultimate goal being to examine the complexities of a gendered masculine struggle, reveal the shifts in gender meanings that could arise from such identification, or, by contrast, how the discourse of refined manhood or Southern gentlemanhood could be (re)mobilized during identity-shattering moments to justify the domination of one model of masculinity in Southern literature.
Recurrent Pelvic Organ Prolapse After Colpocleisis

A 72-yr-old woman presents with total pelvic prolapse. She also notes occasional incontinence when she sneezes. She had a colpocleisis 3 yr ago. She is bothered by the prolapse. Exam reveals a significant vault prolapse with an introitus that easily admits four fingers.
A “Sensational” Way to Understand and Serve Children: Illustration of a Sensory Processing Model

A growing body of literature suggests that the way people respond to sensory experiences in their everyday lives can both be characterized and serve as a useful assessment and intervention planning template (Dunn, 2001, 2007a, b; Dunn, Myles, & Orr, 2002; Myles et al., 2004; Rogers, Hepburn, & Wehner, 2003). Receiving and processing sensation is a core feature of brain activity, and therefore has the potential to influence many areas of performance and behavior. Understanding the patterns of sensory processing identified from research, and how these patterns affect children 's behavior, can be extremely useful for understanding complex situations with families and schools. Sensory processing knowledge broadens our ability to consider what might be influencing a child 's behavior and therefore provides insights about effective intervention possibilities. As this may be a new area of consideration for readers, we will review the basic concepts before presenting the case.
Infrastructure investments and entrepreneurial dynamism in the U.S.

Abstract Investments in physical infrastructure induce environmental changes that serve both an enabling and disabling function, potentially acting to simultaneously stimulate new business establishment and provoke exit by some incumbent establishments. The opening of a new establishment results in the creation of jobs that did not previously exist. Similarly, the closing of an establishment results in the permanent loss of jobs. I develop a theoretical model that depicts this external enabler/disabler process and test the model's predictions empirically tested using annual state-level data spanning the period 1993–2015. The results from dynamic panel system GMM estimation suggest that public and private infrastructure investments exert opposite effects on dynamism. Whereas private infrastructure investment is positively and significantly associated with the creation of businesses and jobs, public infrastructure investments are associated with the destruction of businesses and jobs. These results point to private infrastructure investment serving primarily an entrepreneurial enabler role and public infrastructure investment an entrepreneurial disabler role.
The negative reciprocity process in marital relationships: a literature review

This paper reviews the literature concerning the negative reciprocity pattern present in conflicts in marital orelationships. This review assesses issues with defining negative reciprocity within the scholarly community and issues with the limited theoretical developments surrounding this topic. Moreover, the review shows how research findings have contributed to our understanding of marital satisfaction, marital distress, decision-making, and aggression. The review also highlights current gaps and limitations of the negative reciprocity literature in marital relationships. Finally, the review discusses future directions for theorizing negative reciprocity and using different methods to study this communicative pattern.
A counter-example to the Schenck-Stiller “2r + 1” conjecture

Abstract Let Δ be a connected, pure 2-dimensional simplicial complex embedded in R 2 and let C r ( Δ ˆ ) be the homogenized spline module of Δ with smoothness r as in [7] . To study C r ( Δ ˆ ) , Schenck and Stillman developed in [7] the quotient complex S • / J • . In [8] , Schenck and Stiller conjectured that the regularity of H 1 ( S • / J • ) is less than 2 r + 1 . In this article, we pose a counterexample to this “ 2 r + 1 ” conjecture. We also propose some modifications to the conjecture.
Abstract 3199: Targeting LHRH-R to improve immune response in ovarian cancer

Background: While immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers, such therapies have had limited efficacy in ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that a lytic peptide could stimulate local immune response and enhance efficacy of checkpoint blockade. Here, we tested the effects of a synthetic lytic peptide targeting the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHRH-R), EP-100, on immune therapy in ovarian cancer models. Methods: We carried out series of in vitro (MTT assay, immunoblot analysis, cytokine array, and immune profiling assay) and in vivo (orthotopic mouse model) experiments to determine the biological effects of EP-100 monotherapy and its combination with checkpoint blockade, α-PD-L1. Results: We found that LHRH-R positive murine ovarian cancer cells (ID8, IG10, IF5, and 2C12) were sensitive to EP-100 and were specifically killed at low micromolar levels through LHRH-R. The in vivo syngeneic mouse models (ID8 and IG10) demonstrated that EP-100 reduced tumor volume, tumor weight, and ascites volume as a single agent. The greatest effects on tumor volume reduction and ascites volume were observed with the combination of EP-100 and α-PD-L1 antibody, indicating a potentially synergistic effect in vivo. Immune profiling of tumors showed that the population of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages were significantly increased in tumor and ascites treated with α-PD-L1, EP-100 and in the combination group. However, monocytic myeloid suppressor cells, B cells, and regulatory T cells were decreased in tumors treated with α-PD-L1, EP-100 and in the combination group. We found similar effects of EP-100 combination with α-PD-L1 antibody in ascites from each group. These data indicate that EP-100 promotes a tumor microenvironment that is favorable for immune response. In vitro cytokine arrays revealed that EP-100 induced IL-1α, IL-33, CCL20, VEGF, and LDLR secretion. Among them, we validated increasing Il-33 level following EP-100 treatment in vivo and in vitro and determined the specific biological role of CD8+ T cell activation with IL-33 gene silencing using siRNA and Cas9-CRISPR approaches. In addition, we found that CD8+ T cell expressed a low level of LHRH-R and had minimal direct effects from EP-100. Conclusion: These data demonstrate strong efficacy of EP-100 and checkpoint blockade therapy. Our results provide new directions to enhance the efficacy of immune therapies for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Mark S. Kim, Shaolin Ma, Carola Leuschner, Sanghoon Lee, Robert L. Coleman, Anil K. Sood. Targeting LHRH-R to improve immune response in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3199.
Studying Program Effectiveness in Preparing Teachers for English Learners.

To investigate how competent preservice candidates were prepared to teach English learners (ELs), a case study was conducted to examine 30 candidates use of effective practices for ELs during prese...
Lung Ultrasound in Children with Acute Respiratory Failure: Comparison between Chest X-ray, Chest Computed Tomography, and Lung Ultrasound: A Case Series.

Respiratory failure is one of the most common and critical problems in pediatric wards. Assessments by chest X-rays (CXRs) are common and prevalent for determining the cause of respiratory failure in children. However, CXRs can be misinterpretated. Some patients may require further evaluation with other tools, such as chest computed tomography (CCT). Lung ultrasound (LUS) has proven useful for detecting lung abnormalities with respiratory failure in adults, but its usefulness in children is still not clear. We present a series of eight children who were admitted in a tertiary children's hospital. Each child underwent CXR, CCT, and LUS. In seven of eight cases, both LUS and CCT were able to detect abnormal findings. However, the radiological findings in CXRs were not sufficient. These cases included children with pleural effusion that was comorbid with consolidation, or cases with substantial consolidation that required thoracentesis or proper physical therapy. Key messages LUS can be beneficial for evaluating children with respiratory failure that are admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and may contribute towards appropriate therapy for children. How to cite this article Fukuhara S, Yamaguchi Y et al. Lung Ultrasound in Children with Acute Respiratory Failure: Comparison between Chest X-ray, Chest Computed Tomography, and Lung Ultrasound: A Case Series. Indian J of Crit Care Med 2019;23(2):95-98.
A Model Predictive Control Based Iterative Trajectory Optimization Method for Systems with State-Like Disturbances

Robots performing aggressive maneuvers in fluids must contend with disturbances caused by the dynamics of the fluids themselves. In this paper, we investigate the effects on system dynamics under disturbances that evolve in a state-like fashion, i.e., based on some internal state. Such a configuration has implications for the stability and controllability properties of the system, and has an effect on the optimality of any trajectories. We introduce an iterative method based on linear time-varying model predictive control to help deal with systems where the internal state of the fluid is not observable, but the disturbance is predictable. We then demonstrate the applicability of this method to optimal trajectory generation by planning a landing trajectory for a simplified planar quadcopter model.
Respiratory Infections: Their Role in Airway Responsiveness and Pathogenesis of Asthma

SUMMARY A clear relationship between viral upper respiratory infections and exacerbations of asthma has been established in numerous clinical studies. However, a unifying concept to explain how respiratory viruses bring about these changes has not been established unless it is the ability of viral illnesses to promote the inflammatory process. These changes in inflammation potentially encompass several organ systems: airway epithelium, the autonomic nervous system, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Thus, enhanced airway reactivity in viral respiratory infections represents a complex orchestration of many factors and functions to create the end result of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Insight into precisely how the respiratory virus initiates these changes should provide valuable and new information into the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, not only is virus-induced asthma an important clinical problem, but it may also serve as a window to mechanisms of airway hyperreactivity and asthma.
Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of ammonia borane

Abstract Using quantum mechanics (QM) calculations, a detailed reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of ammonia borane (AB) is developed. The primary objective of this study is to provide comprehensive understanding regarding the chemical kinetics involved in H2 release process during AB dehydrogenation, to explore the pathways of oligomerization leading to ring formation during the second phase of AB decomposition and to explain the experimental observations using the proposed mechanism. Along with QM studies, we have also performed TGA/DSC studies coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In previous experimental studies, there is no consensus regarding release of NH3 in gaseous phase during thermal decomposition of AB. Experiments performed in this study using FTIR spectroscopy confirm the presence of NH3 in gaseous phase during both steps of AB decomposition. Furthermore, we have also studied the effect of different heating rates on the trend of NH3 evolution during AB decomposition, which has not been done previously. To identify reaction pathways based on QM studies, transition state theory (TST) is used in this study. Using G4(MP2) compound method, thermodynamic properties are calculated for both equilibrium species and transition states using the Gaussian 09 program package. For these condensed-phase calculations, Solvation Model based on Density (SMD) is used with acetonitrile as the solvent. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify important reaction pathways for the formation of gaseous species (H2, NH3, BH2NH2 and borazine) observed during experiments. Using a control-volume analysis, a numerical simulation is also performed. A comparison of simulated results with experimental data shows that the proposed mechanism captures all the key features of AB decomposition.
Designing Trans Technology: Defining Challenges and Envisioning Community-Centered Solutions

Transgender and non-binary people face substantial challenges in the world, ranging from social inequities and discrimination to lack of access to resources. Though technology cannot fully solve these problems, technological solutions may help to address some of the challenges trans people and communities face. We conducted a series of participatory design sessions (total N = 21 participants) to understand trans people's most pressing challenges and to involve this population in the design process. We detail four types of technologies trans people envision: technologies for changing bodies, technologies for changing appearances / gender expressions, technologies for safety, and technologies for finding resources. We found that centering trans people in the design process enabled inclusive technology design that primarily focused on sharing community resources and prioritized connection between community members.
Tips to start an MR-US fusion biopsy program

There is growing evidence that MRI-ultrasound (MR-US)-targeted biopsy (TB) has high detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) compared to standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy. A radiologist plays a significant role in MR-US fusion biopsy planning. Here, we discuss six simple steps that can help set up a successful MR-US fusion biopsy program in collaboration with the urologist.
Microstructure and the acoustic properties of suspensions

Abstract Ultrasound, as a technique for interrogating two-phase mixtures, has the advantages of being non-intrusive, it has good temporal resolution, and can be made to penetrate typically opaque, highly concentrated mixtures without resorting to acoustic impedance matching. Sound propagation characteristics in a mixture depend on the size of the particles, their concentration, the material properties of the two phases, and are sensitive to the wavenumber, k = 2 π/λ. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was conducted to quantify attenuation and sound speed in mono-disperse mixtures to provide a quantitative framework to interpret acoustic data and extract information on the microstructure of flowing, very concentrated solid-liquid mixtures. The theory of propagation of sound in a solid-liquid mixture was first developed by Biot in his classical work that first identified two pressure wave speeds in porous media. This paper builds upon this work to identify the role of microstructure on acoustic propagation in suspensions, in the limit of long wavelengths, and the results are then used to choose suitable operating frequencies to image a liquefaction event in a bed of 50 μ m glass beads in water.
A review of and future agenda for research on identity in entrepreneurship

Abstract Research on identity in entrepreneurship represents a central, dynamic, and quickly growing field of research. Yet, rapid growth has led to a diversity of theoretical conversations and methodological advancements that has yielded a largely disjointed body of existing work. To advance research in this area, we systematically review 180 articles on identity(ies) in entrepreneurship from the last 20 years. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using terms in the keywords, titles, and abstracts of identified articles to examine the co-occurrence of these terms. We then develop an organizing framework that reflects four unique conversations within the body of research—distinctions, variations, constructions, and intersections—and highlight the key research questions and themes studied with each conversation. We chart a path for future research that reflects the broad spectrum of views in the literature and propose new opportunities for research that takes a network-based approach, explores post-emergent venture states of identity, and moves the study of identity to the digital world of online communities.
Risk of smoking-related cancers among women and men living with and without HIV.

Objectives We investigated whether the effect of smoking on the incidence of smoking-related cancers differs by HIV-infection status, if sex modifies the impact of risk factors for smoking-related cancers, and the sex-specific attributable risk of smoking on cancer incidence. Design Data from two large prospective studies in the United States were analyzed: 6,789 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1984-2018 and 4,423 women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1994-2018. Methods Incidence rates (IRs), relative risks, and adjusted population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for smoking-related cancers. Results During study follow-up, there were 214 incident smoking-related cancers in the men and 192 in the women. The age-adjusted IRs for smoking-related cancers were higher in the women (392/100,000) than for the men (198/100,000; p Conclusions HIV looks to be an independent risk factor for smoking-related cancers and women appear to have a greater risk than men. These results highlight the need for interventions to help PLWH, especially women, quit smoking and sustain cessation to reduce their risk of smoking-related cancers.
Revisiting the Role of Gender and Marital Status as Risk Factors for Nursing Home Entry

Objective To study the role of gender and marital status as risk factors for nursing home entry in the United States. Method The paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative survey of the older population in the United States. Multivariate logit models of the risk of nursing home entry over a 2-year follow-up period were estimated for noninstitutionalized individuals over the age of 65. A multiple imputation procedure was used to explore the sensitivity of the results to alternative assumptions about the data-generating process of missing outcome values. Results In an analysis based on complete observations, women exhibited the same risk of nursing home entry as men (risk ratio [RR] = 1.01; CI: 0.90, 1.13). However, after expanding the sample to include information on nursing home use for individuals who died during the follow-up period, women were found to have a statistically lower risk of nursing home entry (RR = 0.85; CI: 0.79, 0.92). The latter result was robust to alternative assumptions about the nature of missing data. The type of sample used in the analysis did not affect the conclusions regarding the role of marital status. Divorced and widowed individuals were found to be at higher risk of nursing home admissions than married individuals in all specifications. Discussion The findings clarify the role of gender as a predictor of nursing home admissions and may provide useful prognostic information for clinicians and caregivers regarding nursing home entry risk. The study also sheds light on how conclusions about predictors of nursing home risk obtained from prospective studies with long follow-up periods can be affected by the treatment of missing outcomes due to death or attritions.
A Deconstructive and Psychoanalytic Investigation of (Corporeal) Law Enforcement

In this paper, I elaborate a Derridean deconstruction of law through the lens of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Derrida only focuses on jurisprudential law enforcement in his famous ‘Force of Law’ lecture, leaving corporeal law enforcement untouched. In turn, I explore the irresolvable conceptual tensions within corporeal law enforcement from the standpoints of (a) individuals rationalizing their obedience to law enforcement and (b) the legal system rationalizing its circumscription of acceptable law enforcement. To support my analysis, I examine landmark court cases and their deleterious effects on accountability for law enforcers. In particular, I track the progression from the legal standard of ‘shock of conscience’ (i.e., established by Rochin v. California (1952)) to that of ‘objective reasonableness’ (i.e., established by Graham v. Connor (1989)), which reinforces the legal protections for and libidinal features of police brutality. In this sense, I seek to clarify the dimensions of the libidinal economy belonging to policy brutality, namely its components of sadism and superegoic enjoyment.
World Trade Politics: Power, Principles and Leadership

1. Principles, Power, and Leadership 2. What is Political Leadership in International Relations? 3. The Founding: World War II to the Turbulent 1970s 4. GATT, 1975 - 1995: From Endangered Species to Unprecedented Authority 5. Foundations for the Future: Can the WTO Become Relevant to Development and its Least Developed Members? 6. Why International Institutions Fail and Succeed