cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Kinesin Family Members Expressed in Teleost Retina and RPE include a Novel C-terminal Kinesin

Kinesins comprise a large superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins, individual members of which mediate specific types of motile processes. To identify kinesin family members (KIFs) that are critical to retinal function and thus to vision, a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) cloning strategy was used to isolate putative KIFs expressed in the neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) of the striped bass,Morone saxatilus. Eleven fish KIFs (FKIFs) were isolated from neural retina and six of the same FKIFs were also isolated from RPE. One of the KIFs identified in this screen, FKIF2, was the most prevalent clone detected both in the retina (41% of clones) and RPE (72% of clones). Based on predicted amino acid sequence homology within the motor domain, seven of the FKIFs have been tentatively assigned to known kinesin families: the kinesin heavy chain family (FKIF1, 5 and 9), the unc104/KIF1 family (FKIF3 and 8), the KIF2 family (FKIF4), and the cKIF family (FKIF2). Northern blot analysis revealed that each detectable FKIF exhibited a unique tissue-specific expression pattern. Since FKIF2 was more highly expressed in retina than in any other tissue tested, including brain, and was the most abundant KIF message expressed in both retina and RPE, it was examined in more detail and the complete ∼2.3 kb open reading frame for FKIF2 was cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that FKIF2 has a C-terminal motor domain, and thus is a member of the cKIF family. FKIF2 is only 36.5% identical at the amino acid level to the most closely related cKIF in the database, suggesting that FKIF2 may be a novel member of this family. Antibodies raised against a unique peptide specific to FKIF2 recognize an ∼80 kd protein in homogenates of retina, RPE, brain and kidney. The pronounced expression of FKIF2 in retina and RPE suggests that FKIF2 may play an important role in microtubule-dependent motile events in these two tissues.
The messenger as policy maker: Thinking about the press and policy networks in the Washington community

Social scientists have shed considerable light on the ways in which the press as ‘the fourth branch’ of government collaborates with policy‐makers in the other three branches to produce a constant stream of messages, most of which are directed towards others in the Washington policy community. This study suggests that this message game can be viewed as a conversation which occurs within policy networks, facilitated by the press. The press interpret and transmit messages sent by participants in the network which reflect the needs of policy‐makers, their institutional bases and the myriad cultural forces in the Washington community. These messages are also shaped by reporters who are themselves specialists in the discourse of the policy networks captured by their newsbeats. Reporters craft stories which reflect the norms of their profession, the needs of their news organizations and the political culture of Washington. The growing number of participants in policy discourse and the increased role played by s...
The Measurement of Dissolved Organic and Particulate Carbon in SEAWATER1

A method is described for the rapid determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater in concentrations between 0.1 and 20 mg/liter. The oxidation is carried out in sealed glass ampoules using K 2 S 2 O 8 as an oxidizing agent after the sample has been freed of inorganic carbon. The resulting CO 2 is passed through a nondispersive infrared analyzer using nitrogen as a carrier and the signal output of the analyzer recorded. Using appropriate calibration curves, the carbon content is determined from the height of the peak. Approximately 100 samples can be analyzed in a single day with a precision of ± 0.1 mg/liter using a sample volume of 5 ml. A companion method is described for the determination of particulate carbon by high-temperature combustion after concentration of the sample on a glass-fiber filter. The precision of this method is ± 10 mug C in a range of 0-500 mug C. Approximately six samples can be analyzed in an hour.
Network modeling by linear assignment

Links between socio-economic units have been studied by means of various techniques. This study analyses networks that take on a permanently growing importance in evolutionary economics. The analysis is conducted in a sequential way on matrices picturing the intensities of certain relations; the technique used is linear assignment. The latter is first applied to matrices of socio-economic relations set up for the Netherlands and Portugal; the various types of “networking” present could be revealed and compared. Medical activities, taken in their socio-economic setting, rest also on various networks ; available matrices for the Netherlands are submitted to the above method of analysis. Moreover, a classical input-output matrix for the United Kingdom is used as a last test for the validity of the method.
Baryon Stopping in pA Collisions

Abstract We calculate the inclusive small- x valence quark production cross section in proton-nucleus collisions at high energies. The calculation is performed in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate formalism. First we calculate the cross section in the quasi-classical approximation and then we include the the effects of double logarithmic reggeon evolution and leading logarithmic gluon evolution in the obtained cross section.
Micro-structured nuclear fuel and novel nuclear reactor concepts for advanced power production

Abstract Many applications (e.g. terrestrial and space electric power production, naval, underwater and railroad propulsion and auxiliary power for isolated regions) require a compact-high-power electricity source. The development of such a reactor structure necessitates a deeper understanding of fission energy transport and materials behavior in radiation dominated structures. One solution to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions and delay the catastrophic events' occurrences may be the development of massive nuclear power. The actual basic conceptions in nuclear reactors are at the base of the bottleneck in enhancements. The current nuclear reactors look like high security prisons applied to fission products. The micro-bead heterogeneous fuel mesh gives the fission products the possibility to acquire stable conditions outside the hot zones without spilling, in exchange for advantages – possibility of enhancing the nuclear technology for power production. There is a possibility to accommodate the materials and structures with the phenomenon of interest, the high temperature fission products free fuel with near perfect burning. This feature is important to the future of nuclear power development in order to avoid the nuclear fuel peak, and high price increase due to the immobilization of the fuel in the waste fuel nuclear reactor pools.
Localization of a fluorescent object in highly scattering media via frequency response analysis of near infrared-time resolved spectroscopy spectra.

Frequency response analysis via pulse testing for engineering systems and near infrared (NIR) time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) for biological system characterization involve identical principles: the system of interest is disturbed by an input pulse and the output response is observed. Since a sharp pulse, such as the Dirac delta function, contains the information of multimodulation frequencies (theoretically from 0 to ∞ in frequency) a narrow pulse TRS input can produce a wide range frequency response for identifying any system of interest. Currently used NIR-TRS spectral analyses either fit the spectra with a known theoretical solution or use photon mean time-of-flight. Transforming the system time domain representation to the frequency domain generates five system parameters that can be valuable for process identification utility: steady state gain, time constant, system order, and magnitude ratio and phase shift over a wide frequency range. Optical contrast agents or fluorescent agents can be used to enhance the capability of optical instruments in detecting biological heterogeneities. In this article, magnitude ratio, phase shift, and other system parameters derived from the transfer function of systems with both a fluorescent absorber and a regular absorber are correlated with the position of the absorber. This technique is important in that ultimately it can be used to enhance optical medical imaging. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society.
A new assay to assess steroid‐hormone responsiveness in head and neck cancer

A new assay has been developed to predict the effectiveness of steroid-hormone therapy in various tumors. The Biopsy Nuclear Binding assay measures the amount of biologically active receptor that binds both steroid hormone and acceptor sites in the nucleus. This assay does not measure the entire receptor population, only those that are biologically active; therefore, it should more accurately predict the response to steroid-hormone therapy. We applied this assay effectively in breast and endometrial carcinoma. Preliminary studies have shown that 40% of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas have biologically active (nuclear bound) progesterone receptors. If nuclear binding predicts a remission with hormonal therapy, then the quality of life of appropriately selected patients could greatly improve.
Comparison of five methods of analyzing respiratory pressure-volume curves

Abstract Five methods of analyzing the deflation limb of respiratory pressure-volume (PV) curves obtained from seven groups of rats that had undergone various treatments were compared. The five methods utilized measurements of: (1) y intercept and slope with simple exponential curve fitting; (2) area under the curve; (3) volumes at fixed pressures; (4) shape constant, k, of the sigmoid curve described by Paiva et al. (Respir. Physiol. 23: 317, 1975); and (5) quasi-static compliance. The seven groups of rats were treated as follows: (a) control (n = 10); (b) high tar/nicotine cigarete smoke exposure n = 10; (c) low tar/nicotine cigarette smoke exposure (n = 9); (d) intratracheal elastase (n = 10); (e) intratracheal elastase puls sham smoke exposure (n = 10); (f) intratracheal elastase plus high tar/nicotine cigarette smoke exposure (n = 9); and (g) intratracheal elastase plus low tar/nicotine cigarette smoke exposure (n = 10). Elastase treatment caused a leftward adn upward shift of the PV curve and this shift was augmented byexposure to either high tar/nicotine or low tar/nicotine cigarette smoke. Duncan's multiple range test, we found that the y-intercept measurement of method 1, the area under the curve, volume at fixed pressures, and quasi-static compliance methods were better able to differentiate PV curves between groups than were the slope measurement of method 1 and the shape constant measurement of method 4.
Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges

Several reported image fusion or sharpening techniques are based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The technique described here uses a pixel-based maximum selection rule to combine respective transform coefficients of lower spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) and higher spatial resolution panchromatic (pan) imagery to produce a sharpened NIR image. Sharpening assumes a radiometric correlation between the spectral band images. However, there can be poor correlation, including edge contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries), between the fused images and, consequently, degraded performance. To improve sharpening, a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for edge comparison with image pyramid fusion is modified for application with the DWT process. Further improvements are obtained by using redundant, shift-invariant implementation of the DWT. Example images demonstrate the improvements in NIR image sharpening with higher resolution pan imagery.
Mean path length of high energy galactic cosmic rays in the galactic disk.

AN important measurement of the composition of cosmic ray nuclei at high energy (20<E<100 GeV nucleon−1) has been reported by Juliusson, Meyer and Muller1. They show that the ratio of galactic secondary nuclei to primary nuclei decreases very steeply when the energy of the observed nuclei is above 30 GeV nucleon−1. The ratio of predominantly secondary nuclei to predominantly primary nuclei illustration which is ∼0.31 at energies of 1.5 GeV/N is found to be 0.23 ± 0.03 at 25 and 30 GeV/N and 0.12+0.05−0.07 at 90 GeV/N. Juliusson et al.1 conclude that this effect may be explained in terms of particle propagation in the Galaxy: the leakage term which describes the probability that galactic cosmic rays leave the Galaxy must be energy dependent. Here we present a quantitative estimation of this dependence and discuss the implications of such a dependence. Open image in new window
The role of computer science in undergraduate bioinformatics education

The successful implementation of educational programs in bioinformatics presents many challenges. The interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics requires close cooperation between computer scientists and biologists despite inescapable differences in the ways in which members of these professions think. It is clear that the development of quality curricula for bioinformatics must draw upon the expertise of both disciplines. In addition, biologists and computer scientists can benefit from opportunities to carry out interdisciplinary research with one another. This paper examines the role of computer science in undergraduate bioinformatics education from the perspectives of two bioinformatics program directors. Their respective programs exemplify two substantively different approaches to undergraduate education in bioinformatics due to the fact that they are at markedly different institutions. One institution is a large, technical university, offering both undergraduate and graduate degrees in bioinformatics while the other is a small, Jesuit liberal arts college with an undergraduate program in bioinformatics. Despite these differences there is considerable overlap with respect to the role of computer science. This paper discusses the ways in which computer science has been integrated into these two undergraduate bioinformatics programs, compares alternative approaches, and presents some of the inherent challenges.
Dipyridamole-induced decrement of functional recovery of postischemic reperfused myocardium in conscious dogs with well-developed coronary collateral circulation

The effects of dipyridamole (20 and 40 micrograms/kg/min intravenously) on the time course of functional recovery of myocardium after five 5-minute coronary artery occlusions and four 5-minute reperfusions and a subsequent 5-hour reperfusion period were studied in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs with well-developed coronary collateral circulation. In comparison with vehicle-treated control dogs, those given dipyridamole (20 and 40 micrograms/kg/min, respectively) 15 minutes before and during coronary occlusion had a greater depression of regional segment shortening (38 +/- 7% and 19 +/- 4%, respectively, vs control levels of 69 +/- 10% of preocclusion values) during acute coronary artery occlusion. After a 5-hour reperfusion period, segment shortening returned to preocclusion values in the control group but remained decreased in the dipyridamole groups (87 +/- 4% and 75%, respectively). These results suggest that dipyridamole in a dose-dependent manner exacerbates recovery of contractility of postischemic reperfused myocardium in dogs with well-developed coronary collateral circulation.
Sex and the Single Vole: Effects of Social Grouping on Prairie Vole Reproductive Success

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) have a mating system that is primarily monogamous with paired males and females together defending breeding space against intruders of either sex. Breeding success may be affected when other adults intrude on the territorial space of pairs. We conducted an experiment to determine the impact of additional members of either sex on reproductive success of pairs. In laboratory arenas, we formed pairs (1F:1M) and two kinds of triad (2F:1M, 1F:2M). Females in pairs had the highest conception rates, litter sizes and survival of litters. Females in 1F:2M groups had slightly reduced litter sizes and reduced numbers of weanlings, and some females had litters sired by both males. Females in 2F:1M groups had low conception rates and the smallest litters, and >35% of their litters suffered infanticide; in no case did both females become pregnant. Throughout the trials, individuals of the sex doubly represented in triads were more likely to die than were individuals of the sex singly represented. We conclude that there may be fitness costs associated with the presence of unrelated supernumerary adults during gestation and lactation.
Perception of pitch by goldfish.

Abstract Classical conditioning and stimulus generalization methods have revealed much about the sense of hearing in non-human animals, and are now used here to investigate how goldfish perceive a variety of complex sounds, including multi-harmonic complexes and rippled noise (RN). In several experiments, animals were conditioned to respond to one type of complex sound, and were then tested for generalization to other sounds differing along one or more acoustic dimensions from the conditioning sounds. Overall, generalization occurred only to the extent that the conditioning and test sounds were essentially similar in spectral range and, in most cases, waveform periodicity. For example, goldfish showed inverted V-shaped generalization gradients to harmonic complexes varying in fundamental frequency after conditioning to complexes having a fundamental frequency of 100 Hz. In several cases, similar gradients were observed whether the fundamental frequency component was present or absent in conditioning and testing complexes, indicating that goldfish, like other vertebrate listeners, do not “miss the fundamental” when it is missing. This generalization pattern tended to disappear when harmonic complexes were used that had random phase relations among the components, or slight mistuning of all components. In a few cases, patterns of generalization were determined by as yet unidentified acoustic features. Goldfish did not generalize to RN or harmonic complexes after conditioning to tones, and vice versa, in spite of the three signal types having fundamental frequency components and periodicity in common. Moreover, goldfish did not generalize robustly to infinitely iterated rippled noise after conditioning to harmonic complexes with a prominent periodic envelope, and vice versa, in spite of the two signal types having similar spectra and pitches as judged by human listeners. These and other results suggest that the pitch of harmonic complexes is prominent in goldfish generalization behavior and that this pitch-like dimension arises primarily from the signal’s periodicity. The perceptions of single tones, RNs, and harmonic complexes having the same fundamental frequency are fundamentally different. It is concluded that the different perceptions of these signals arise in part from differences in periodic envelope prominence and spectral envelope, and possibly in the stochastic versus deterministic natures of their respective waveforms.
Mental Workload Beyond Computational Complexity

The information processing approach traditionally has been the theoretical foundation of mental workload. Computational neurocognitive models are emerging approaches to understanding how the brain performs cognitive functions. Computational complexity refers to the many possibilities and ambiguities intrinsic in the environmental stimuli. These models agree that the brain has limited computational power. Utility and implications of the computational approaches to the understanding of mental workload, especially that of higher-level activities such as strategic control of dynamic multiple-task performance and situation awareness will be explored.
High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Thiothixene in Pharmaceutical Formulations

A method was developed for the quantitative determination of thiothixene in pharmaceutical formulations by high-pressure liquid chromatography after dissolution of the sample in methanol.
An Instrument for Measuring Orifice-Specific Fuel-Injection Rate From a Multi-Orifice Nozzle

Understanding fuel-injection processes is important for improving combustion in compression-ignition engines. To understand and model injection processes in detail, it is necessary to measure the instantaneous mass flow rate of fuel through each orifice of the injector nozzle. Due to constraints from injector design and operation, injection rate is typically measured downstream from the orifice exit. Measuring injection rate from a multi-orifice nozzle adds several geometric constraints, particularly when measuring fuel flow from a single orifice. The injection ratemeter discussed in this paper is designed to fit inside an optical research engine so that the injection rate can be measured without having to place the injector in an external fixture. The injection rate is calculated from a measurement of the momentum flux of a jet of fuel impinging upon the surface of a piezoelectric force (or pressure) transducer, combined with a measurement of the quantity of fuel injected, as demonstrated previously [1–3]. The ratemeter includes a thermal shield to limit the effects of temperature fluctuations on the transducer output. Data were acquired for one injector nozzle at several different injection durations and compared to results from literature for similar injector designs. Estimates for the uncertainty of the measured injection rates are provided and the calibration technique used is presented.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The CLASS Act: Is It Dead or Just Sleeping?

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) established a voluntary public insurance program for long-term care: the Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act. In October 2011, the Obama Administration announced that the program would not be implemented because of the high risk of fiscal insolvency. Under the legislative design, adverse selection was a major risk and premiums would have been very high. This article discusses several CLASS Act design and implementation issues, including the design features that led to the decision not to implement the program: the voluntary enrollment, the weak work requirement, the lifetime and cash benefits, and the premium subsidy for low-income workers and students.
Crystallization of an amorphous Cu60Ti40 alloy prepared by planar magnetron sputtering

Abstract The crystallization path of an amorphous Cu60Ti40, alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSQ), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples were Cu-Ti films≈ 10 μm in thickness prepared by magnetron sputter deposition onto rotating glass substrates. Two exothermic peaks were observed at 418° and 433°C, respectively, with no evidence of a glass transition. Observations from TEM and XRD at various stages of isochronal crystallization indicate that the initial amorphous structure transforms first to a metastable microcrystalline b.c.c. structure prior to formation of the ordered equilibrium Cu3Ti2 crystalline phase. The intermediate metastable structure is initially favored since it requires only topological ordering of the atoms into a simple unit cell, without significant diffusion, whereas the final ordered structure requires atom rearrangement over longer distances. The contrast of this sequence of events to that of a similar Cu-Zr alloy is discussed. Analysis of the fully crystallized alloy by convergent beam diffraction is consistent with a P4/nmm space group for the equilibrium phase.
Thermal Storage in Ammonium Alum/Ammonium Nitrate Eutectic for Solar Space Heating Applications

Ammonium alum and ammonium nitrate in the weight ratio of 1:1 form a eutectic that melts at 53 C and solidifies at 48 C. The thermophysical properties of this eutectic were measured in detail and the eutectic was found to have properties desirable for energy storage for solar space heating applications. The eutectic was encapsulated in 0.0254-m diameter high-density polyethylene (HDPE) balls and packed into a cylindrical bed in a scale model for testing its heat transfer characteristics when exposed to an air flow. Test results indicate that the thermal extraction efficiency of the model was 89% with an uncertainty of {+-} 8.0%. The packed bed had a Stanton number value in close agreement with that predicted with an empirical equation for sensible heat extraction from the eutectic in the solid phase. This Stanton number was increased by about 74% for sensible heat extraction from the eutectic in the liquid phase, a phenomenon not previously reported in the literature.
Transient instability upon temperature quench in weakly ordered block copolymers

We report a novel transient instability upon temperature quench in weakly ordered block copolymer microphases possessing a soft direction or directions, such as the lamellar and hexagonal cylinder (HEX) phases. We show that reequilibration of the order parameter is accompanied by transient long wavelength undulation of the layers or cylinders—with an initial wavelength that depends on the depth of the temperature quench—that eventually disappears as the structure reaches its equilibrium at the new temperature. Such undulation leads to a transient transverse broadening of the scattering peaks near the Bragg positions. We argue that this instability might be responsible for the experimentally observed unusual ordering dynamics of the HEX phase of a diblock copolymer after quenching from the disordered state.
Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and WMD

Traditional approaches treat terrorism separately from organized crime for at least two reasons. First, considering terrorism as a form of crime is controversial, and opinions are divided both theoretically and in the policymaking world. Second, terrorists and criminals are driven by different motivations: political, ideological, religious, and ethnic “causes” versus money, respectively. Based on this difference, many find it fairly easy to distinguish between these two phenomena. Not all so-called terrorists, however, operate on the basis of political, ideological, religious, or ethnic goals. Not anymore, anyway. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), for example, used to be a politically motivated guerrilla organization. Presently it profits from drug trafficking; the organization benefits monetarily from this enterprise and is unlikely to give such activity up easily. Its members have always acted criminally in order to support themselves financially; ransom-motivated hostage-taking was and still is a significant part of the FARC funding. But they seem to have crossed a line. The political rebels have become pirates, while still pretending to be rebels to recruit new members, maintain a “legitimate” public image, justify, many would argue, some of their own acts to themselves. Terrorist organizations often maintain groups composed of organized criminals that help the “political” wings function. Hizballah, Hamas, and al-Qaeda all operate sophisticated fund-raising networks in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. These fund-raising operations are often based on voluntary contributions for the “cause,” but they also frequently involve extortion, blackmail, and other criminal activities. Hizballah, for instance, has for a long time maintained …
Spectral Encoding for Endoscopic Confocal Microscopy and Miniature Endoscopy

Encoding transverse spatial location by wavelength allows acquisition of high resolution images via a single optical fiber. Research conducted in our laboratory demonstrates that spectral encoding may be useful for endoscopic confocal microscopy and miniature endoscopy.
Introduction: Workshop on basic research in hearing

In the past few years exciting research techniques and methodologies have emerged in neurophysiology of hearing and in psychoacoustics. A CHABA symposium was held in the fall of 1983 for the purpose of discussing the merits of these techniques and methodologies. A rationale is presented for the selection of symposium topics. An evaluation of the methodologies and techniques is offered.
Explanation Content and Construction During System Learning and Troubleshooting

Explanations have become increasingly recognized as central to learning and intelligence. To explore the content and construction of human explanations, detailed protocol analyses were performed on the explanations that subjects produced while learning about a fictional system. During the system learning phase of the experiment, subjects received a series of diagrams for a system and then explained how it worked. During the troubleshooting phase, in the absence of the diagrams, subjects explained relations between problematic symptoms and their faults. To examine the evolution of explanations with learning, subjects explained the same system diagrams and the same symptom-fault relations multiple times. Explanations varied considerably between system learning and troubleshooting, indicating that different goals produced different explanations. During system learning, subjects focused almost exclusively on functional explanations, exhibiting no trend toward deeper mechanistic explanations over time. To construct these functional understandings, subjects primarily instantiated existing knowledge in memory, specializing it to explain the purposes of individual components. During troubleshooting, subjects still focused on function but included a much wider variety of functional information in their explanations as well as higher proportions of topographical and mechanistic information. Rather than focusing on individual components, subjects focused on qualitative relations between components as they
A general multi-configuration Hartree-Fock program

Abstract A general multi-configuration Hartree-Fock program is described. Unlike earlier versions, the present code includes a rotation analysis to determine whether the energy is invariant with respect to a rotation of an orbital basis and off-diagonal Langrange multipliers may be set to zero; if not, orbitals are rotated for a stationary energy. Also a special data structure has been introduced which eliminates numerous evaluations of the same radial integral in the calculation of the potential and exchange functions as well as the evaluation of the interaction matrix.
Adsorption of gases at evaporating and condensing water surfaces

Abstract Single water droplets 0.23 cm in diameter were suspended and allowed to evaporate partially in a nitrogen stream (velocity, 50 cm s −1 ) containing various concentrations of SO 2 ((1 — 3) × 10 −3 atm) and water vapor (6.8–16.9 Torr). In a separate series of tests the SO 2 was replaced by oxygen in the 21% – 80% range. The droplets were exposed for fixed time intervals and then removed and analyzed for total sulfur oxide or oxygen content. The temperature of the droplet was monitored during the exposure time. The water vapor concentration in the bulk gas phase as well as the SO 2 or oxygen concentration determined the equilibrium saturation concentration of gas transferred to the water which was always less than at thermal equilibrium. The rate of mass transfer was controlled by heat transfer to the droplets. In the second part of this study, water vapor in various concentrations was passed through a tubular furnace and condensed at various temperatures (0 – 27 °C) to form a cloud in the presence of SO 2 (10 −5 - 10 −2 atm). The sizes of the condensed droplets were in the range 1 – 2 μm. Cloud droplets were separated from the gas stream electrostatically and analyzed for sulfur content. The concentrations of SO 2 in the aqueous phase were supersaturated compared with those at equilibrium, were relatively independent of gas phase SO 2 concentrations of less than 10 −3 atm and were strongly dependent on the amount of water condensed. A mechanism is proposed whereby hydrate formation at the water surface explains the results observed. ft*]|Present address: Corning Glass Works, Wilmington NC 28403, U.S.A.
Long-term visual outcome of transscleral laser cyclotherapy in eyes with ambulatory vision

Abstract Objective To determine the long-term visual acuity (VA) outcome of eyes with ambulatory vision (20/80 or better) that were treated with transscleral laser cyclotherapy. Design Observational case series. Participants Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients who had been treated with laser cyclotherapy and who had been followed up at least 1 year. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to record the prelaser best-corrected VA and then the last available post laser VA and duration of follow-up. Additional laser or surgical interventions for glaucoma control were also recorded. Main outcome measures Changes in VA from pretreatment to last available examination. Results The 21 eyes were followed for a mean of 40.7 months (range, 13–88 months); 17 eyes had a final vision within 1 line of the prelaser VA. One eye improved 3 lines, and 3 eyes deteriorated 3 or more lines. Conclusions Most eyes with 20/80 or better VA maintained close to that acuity after laser cyclotherapy after a mean follow-up of 40.7 months. These good visual results offer support for those who believe that the indications for laser cyclotherapy should not be limited to eyes with poor VA or potential.
Spin transfer measurements for pp-->pp at 647 MeV

Measurements have been made of the spin depolarization parameters D/sub N/N, D/sub S/S, D/sub L/S (27/sup 0/ ..pp at 647 MeV. Typical uncertainties are about 0.03 compared with about 0.1 for previous data. Previous data are reviewed. The present data are in agreement with corrected previous data, and are in agreement with Arndt's phase-shift solutions.
Development of isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and its application to the certification of mercury in NIST standard reference materials.

An isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICPMS) method featuring gaseous introduction of mercury via tin chloride reduction has been developed and applied ...
Transdermal buprenorphine in children with cancer-related pain.

We present three cases of children (aged 3–5 years) in which cancer-related pain was adequately controlled by Transdermal Buprenorphine. The endpoints for evaluating analgesic efficacy consisted of the assessment of pain using a visual scale and the possibility of reducing other pain treatment. Improvement of pain level was demonstrated by the decrease in pain scores, by reduction of the overall amount of medications, especially opioids, and by improvement of uninterrupted sleep. Only limited data is available on the use of Transdermal Buprenorphine in children. In our experience, Transdermal Buprenorphine allowed good analgesia without significant side effects in these three children with cancer-related pain. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:125–127. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE MACH PHENOMENON

Mach bands are optical illusions produced by an extensive lateral inhibition network within the retina. They are seen on every radiograph. Both positive and negative Mach bands can be seen at a boundary, but only one type is usually seen at boundaries created by biological structures because of their shape. Convex structures are associated with a negative Mach line and concave structures are associated with a positive Mach line. Using this principle, the shape of unknown structures can be deduced and structures of known shape can be more accurately identified. Sometimes, Mach lines can be very prominent and be perceived as real structures. Ways to make the distinction between Mach lines and real opacities are described. Understanding the Mach phenomenon improves accuracy of radiographic interpretation.
Determination of boron by the method of wave dispersion x-ray fluorescent spectrometry

Determination of boron concentration has become a usual application of x-ray spectrometers. Optimization of the system parameters has reduced the minimum detectable concentrations to a level below 0.1%. At the same time, XRFA provides a maximum reproducibility of results even at low boron concentrations. However, the most important factor is the short time that passes from the preparation of the specimen to displaying the measured data. The latter factor explains the increasing success of XRF spectrometry in analyzing the quality of products in the ceramic and glass industries
Conrad's Quarrel with Politics: The Disrupted Family in Nostromo

Conrad’s novels about politics have been viewed both as nihilistic statements and dramatisations of a political vision. While the subject of these novels—Nostromo, The Secret Agent, and Under Western Eyes—is often politics, their values are not political. The novels affirm the primacy of family, the sanctity of the individual, the value of love, and the importance of sympathy and understanding in human relations. Conrad’s friendships with Cunninghame Graham, Wells, and Shaw show that he put personal relationships before political ideology. His concern for the working class derives not from political theory but from his experience as a seaman and from his imaginative response to the miseries of others. Conrad’s humanism informs his political vision. In his political writings, it is the abstractions upholding private virtues that carry conviction. He wrote in ‘Autocracy and War’ (1905) that it was to ‘our sympathetic imagination’ that we must ‘look for the ultimate triumph of concord and justice’ (NLL, p. 84). In ‘Autocracy and War’ the paramount values threatened by Russian autocracy are ‘dignity’, ‘truth’, ‘rectitude’, and ‘all that is faithful in human nature’ (NLL, p. 99). Thus, Russia is ‘a yawning chasm open between East and West; a bottomless abyss that has swallowed up every hope of mercy, every aspiration towards personal dignity, towards freedom, towards knowledge, every ennobling desire of the heart, every redeeming whisper of conscience’ (NLL, p. 100).
Salivary cortisol responses and the risk for substance abuse in prepubertal boys

Investigations of adults with a psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD) or antisocial behavior have reported diminished secretion of the adrenal “stress” hormone, cortisol. Consequently, we determined whether prepubertal sons of PSUD fathers, at high risk for later PSUD, differed from controls on salivary cortisol concentrations before, and after, an anticipated stressor. The roles of problematic behavioral disposition and state anxiety in the cortisol responses were also examined. A significant risk-group × time interaction for salivary cortisol concentrations was found, with high-risk boys secreting less salivary cortisol than controls when anticipating the task. High-risk boys also had significantly higher scores for aggressive delinquency and impulsivity that wholly accounted for the risk-group × time effect on salivary cortisol. Thus, cortisol hyporesponsivity was associated with the dysregulated behaviors prevalent among high-risk boys. The results suggest that cortisol hyporesponsivity could be a “marker” for later antisociality and PSUD.
Effects of Gravitational Orientation on Surface Deformation and Weld Pool Geometry During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Effects of gravitational orientation on gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of nickel were studied to determine the impact of free-surface deformation on weld-pool shape. This was accomplished through GTA welding and a numerical study of the welding process. Welding was conducted by varying scan velocity and gravitational orientation, e.g., welding upward opposing gravity (parallel-up weld), welding downward with gravity (parallel-down weld), and welding perpendicular to gravity (perpendicular weld). Slower scan velocity produced more significant free surface deformation. Gravitational orientation caused 21% deeper penetration in the parallel-up weld compared with the parallel-down weld (resulting from 50% or more maximum surface deformation). Weld penetration of the perpendicular weld was between that of parallel-up and parallel-down cases. A model of the welding process, in which an experimentally generated free surface was implemented as a boundary condition, supported the results by showing similar trends.
Zur Chemie der kondensierten Phosphate und Arsenate. IV. Die Entwässerungsprodukte des Natriumdihydrogenarsenates NaH2AsO4 · H2O

Die Temperaturgrenzen der Stabilitatsgebiete der Entwasserungsprodukte des Natriumdihydrogenarsenat-Hydrates im Gleichgewicht mit der normalen Atmosphare werden festgelegt, dabei die Phasen NaH2AsO4 · H2O; NaH2AsO4; Na2H2As2O7; Na3H2As3O10; NaAsO3; Schmelze beobachtet und durch Debye-Aufnahmen identifiziert. Einige Eigenschaften dieser Substanzen, besonders ihre leichte Hydrolysierbarkeit zu NaH2AsO4 · H2O werden untersucht und mit denen der entsprechenden Phosphate und Polyphosphate verglichen. Eine Deutung fur die leichte Hydratisierbarkeit der Arsenverbindungen wird gegeben. Als reine Substanzen neu hergestellt werden (NH4)3H2As3O10; Na5As3C10 und in Nadeln kristallisierendes NaAsO3, von dem nur eine dem MADDRELLschen Salz entsprechende Modifikation zu existieren scheint.
The effect of photostabilizers on polymeric insulation used at high voltages

Effet retardant d'un benzotriazole absorbant UV sur le debat de l'arborescence electrique dans un polyethylene de basse densite degaze soumis a de hauts voltages. Inefficacite pour les echantillons non degazes due a la formation d'ion hyperoxyde et l'ozone favorisant la photodegradation
Media will never influence learning

The purpose of this discussion is to explain and sharpen different points of view about the impact of media and attributes of media on learning, motivation and efficiency gains from instruction. This paper is an attempt to summarize my arguments about the research and theory in this area and to respond to Robert Kozma's criticism of my earlier discussion of these issues. I will first briefly summarize my arguments about media effects; next I will attempt to characterize the many reactions to the controversial claim that media do not influence learning or motivation. Finally, I will respond to the specific criticisms advanced by Robert Kozma this issue.
Excitotoxic lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) attenuate the effects of repeated stress on weight gain: Evidence for the recruitment of BNST activity by repeated, but not acute, stress

Exposure to repeated stress can lead to diverse and widespread behavioral consequences, including reduction in food and water intake and subsequent diminution in weight gain. Many reports have suggested that repeated stress substantially alters the neurochemistry, morphology and physiology of neurons within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Here we investigate the role of the BNST in mediating the reduced weight gain observed during repeated stress. Rats exposed to a one-week variate stress paradigm exhibited a reduction in weight gain over the course of the 7-day paradigm. Excitotoxic lesions to a subregion of the anterolateral BNST containing the oval nucleus had no effects early in the 7-day paradigm, but significantly attenuated the effects of repeated stress on weight gain by the last day of stress. These data suggest that at least two mechanisms mediate the effects of stress on body weight gain, and that when stressor exposure becomes repeated, the BNST is recruited, worsening the symptoms of stressor exposure.
A Computer for the Calculation of Skeletal Muscle Vascular Resistance

On-line dynamic experiments on skeletal muscle vascular resistance require an extensive number of simple calculations in order to derive the data. A low-cost analog computer is described which utilizes perfusion pressure, venous flow, and muscle weight to calculate vascular resistance per 100 gm of muscle weight. This computer has been in use with the isolated perfused canine gracilis muscle preparation and has been shown to have considerable merit in reducing calculations and permitting immediate evaluation of the experimental data. A drop rate meter is incorporated in the device for the calculation of venous flow; perfusion pressure is obtained from a standard commercial transducer. A block diagram is included, and typical data are shown which illustrate the usefulness of continuous on-line calculation of resistance.
Parasitengona mites (Acarina: Prostigmata) associated with flying adults of the southern pine beetle

ABSTRACT All motile instars (larva, nymph, and adult) of three Parasitengona families, Erythraeidae, Trombidiidae, and Trombiculidae, were taken from pheromone traps designed to catch male southern pine beetles. All but one of 14 specimens were parasitic or attached to flying adult beetles. The larvae rode on all body areas and were active only during the warm months. One trap caught most of the mites. Although these mites occur infrequently during certain seasons? they may have a limited local impact.
Teacher Leadership for Change

Abstract This is the story of a teacher leader who helped lead change in an urban elementary school by creating a new culture of support for beginning teachers. Specifically, she led focused, collaborative inquiry around discussion-based teaching to improve teaching effectiveness, and she created a school-wide coalition of support for beginning teachers to maintain ambitious, discussion-based instruction.
Print media coverage of risk-risk tradeoffs associated with West Nile encephalitis and pesticide spraying.

When mosquito-borne West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and triggered pesticide spraying, society was faced with a controversy over an important risk-risk tradeoff—the risks of pesticide exposure versus those of West Nile encephalitis. Effective public communication about risk-risk tradeoffs is important because it can assist individuals and society in investing resources optimally. This study examined how effectively major North American print media in the year 2000 provided information on this risk-risk tradeoff. My colleagues and I found that the print media were generally ineffective in providing precise information about pesticide risks and in comparing risks of pesticide exposure with those of West Nile encephalitis. The media were also ineffective in mentioning the efficacy of pesticide spraying or comparing the economic costs of pesticide spraying with those of West Nile encephalitis. We suggest that greater effort in collecting and reporting precise risk information, fostering more active relationships between journalists and scientists/public health professionals, and recognizing biases resulting from preconceptions can help improve reporting by the print media and public health agencies on risk-risk tradeoffs associated with emerging insect-borne infectious diseases. These efforts could help improve public health by improving decision making related to the control of insect-borne diseases.