cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hormonal and Physiological Correlates of Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Middle-Aged, Premenopausal Women

An understanding of the hormonal and physiological correlates of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in middle-aged women will increase our knowledge of factors that promote changes in energy balance and adiposity. We measured resting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in 59 middle-aged, premenopausal women (mean+/-sD age, 47+/-2 yr) to examine the hormonal and physiological correlates of energy and substrate metabolism. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured at rest using indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen excretion and for 180 min after the ingestion of a liquid meal (10 kcal/kg fat-free mass; 410+/-44 Cal). Fasting hormone levels were measured by RIA, glucose tolerance was determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and peak aerobic capacity was determined by a treadmill test. Using stepwise regression analysis, we found that resting energy expenditure was predicted by fat-free mass and serum leptin concentration (r2 = 66%; P < 0.01), fat oxidation was predicted by resting energy expenditure (r2 = 17%; P < 0.01), and carbohydrate oxidation was predicted by serum leptin and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (r2 = 21%;P < 0.01). Novariables were related to postprandial energy expenditure or substrate oxidation. We conclude that in middle-aged, premenopausal women, variation in resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation is primarily explained by fat-free mass and serum leptin levels. Thus, changes in metabolically active tissue mass or leptin concentration may partially contribute to changes in resting energy expenditure or substrate oxidation in middle-aged women.
Chiropractic and Rehabilitative Management of a Patient With Progressive Lumbar Disk Injury, Spondylolisthesis, and Spondyloptosis

Objective To describe the chiropractic treatment for a patient with low back pain accompanied by sensory and motor deficits of his left leg and magnetic resonance imaging–documented lumbar spinal cord and nerve root impingement. Clinical Features A 57-year-old man experienced low back pain that radiated into his left leg and subsequently produced both sensory and motor deficits of the left thigh and quadriceps followed by a similar weakness and accompanying paresthesia of the lower left leg. Onsets were sudden and occurred during sleep, after prolonged sitting or during long periods of driving. Diagnostic studies revealed a slight impingement at the L5-S1 level due to anterior displacement of the L5 vertebra and a mild protrusion of the L4 disk. Intervention and Outcomes Treatment consisted of chiropractic spinal manipulation, physical therapy modalities, and rehabilitative exercises. Outcome measurements in his case indicated that his rehabilitation was appropriate. Conclusion There is an abundance of published reports describing treatment of disk injury, low back pain, and spondylolisthesis with a variety of manipulative methods. However, this appears to be the first case reported in indexed literature of a progressive multilevel lumbar disk injury with concomitant spondylolisthesis and spondyloptosis.
Adsorption and reaction of ethyl fragments on reduced and oxidized silica-supported copper particles

Infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption have been used to investigate the adsorption and reaction of ethyl fragments, from the dissociative adsorption of ethyl chloride and ethyl bromide, on reduced- and oxidized-Cu/SiO 2 . On reduced-Cu/SiO 2 , ethyl chloride dissociates at room temperature to form adsorbed ethyl fragments on the copper particle surface. In addition, ethyl fragments can spill over onto the silica support where they undergo reaction with the SiOH groups to form SiOCH 2 -CH 3 . The reaction chemistry of these adsorbed hydrocarbon fragments was followed as a function of temperature from 300 to 1100 K. Propane, ethylene, ethane, and methane evolve from reaction of ethyl fragments on the copper particle surface below 500 K. The distribution of these products on reduced-Cu/SiC 2 is found to depend on sample preparation. On oxidized-Cu/SiO 2 , both C-Br and C-C bond dissociation in adsorbed ethyl bromide occur at room temperature. As determined by infrared spectroscopy, reaction of hydrocarbon fragments with surface oxygen atoms leads to the formation of adsorbed ethoxide, methoxide, and bidentate formate. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde evolve from oxidized-Cu/SiO 2 near 550 and 410 K, respectively; ethylene, CO, and CO 2 form as well. Possible mechanisms for the formation of adsorbed and gas-phase products from C 2 H 5 X adsorption and reaction on reduced- and oxidized-Cu/SiO 2 are discussed.
Preventable deaths in sickle-cell anaemia in African children

460 www.thelancet.com Vol 375 February 6, 2010 University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (MP, NP); Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK (HER); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA (HS); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (PD, VA); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (SNJ); Venture Strategies Innovations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (ER); Venture Strategies Innovations, Berkeley, CA, USA (NH); Jose Macamo Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique (CB); Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (RG); Befelatanana Maternity Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar (JPR); International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh (AQ); University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (JK); and Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi (EK)
Individual malpractice insurance decisions revisited

Nurses' professional obligations to their patients include financial accountability. Whether nurses best provide this through self-insurance, coverage by an employer's insurance policy, or by purchase of an individual policy remains a personal decision. Changes in law and the health care market, however, should prompt a revisiting of this decision because the relative costs and benefits of each option may have changed. The pace of these changes, the unexpected consequences of some of the legal changes, and the individual differences in each nurse's situation may require seeking legal counsel to identify and evaluate the risk/benefits in that situation. The cost of that counsel may well exceed the cost of the policy premium.
Perceptual asymmetry and youths' responses to stress: Understanding vulnerability to depression

This research examined the hypothesis that reduced posterior right hemisphere activity interferes with the regulation of emotions and behavior in response to stress, creating vulnerability to depression. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, we predicted that youth with a reduced posterior right hemisphere bias in emotional processing would engage in less adaptive responses to stress, which would be associated with depressive symptoms in those who reported the recent experience of high, but not low, levels of stress. Participants were 510 4th through 8th graders who completed the Chimeric Faces Task and measures of responses to stress and depressive symptoms. Results supported the idea that responses to stress account for the association between reduced posterior right hemisphere activity and depressive symptoms in youth who report high, but not low, levels of stress. This study provides insight into one process through which reduced posterior right hemisphere activity may confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms, and implicates responses to stress as a target for intervention.
Software engineering as live performance

Future software systems will be vast and impossible to rebuild. The tools engineers need to get them and keep them running need to take advantage of the best we have in static and dynamic languages---to begin with. Long-running systems must be repairable and extendable while they run. We can leverage this longevity by designing our languages and systems to learn about and create models for themselves, to hypothesize improvements on themselves, discover and propose new capabilities, and to conscientiously assist in their own upkeep and continual redesign. All while the system never stops. Our lives will depend on it.
Religion and Trade Union Politics in the United States, 1880–1920

More than three decades have passed since Marc Karson analyzed the Catholic church's critical role in impeding the growth of socialism in the American labor movement. He was not the first to make the argument; Progressive Era socialists were acutely aware of Catholics' outspoken opposition, and David Saposs outlined Karson's arguments as early as 1933. However, the evidence marshaled by Karson, first in a 1951 article and later in American Labor Unions and Politics, 1900–1918, so clearly detailed facets of Catholic antisocialism that his thesis has become the conventional wisdom. With few exceptions, historians depict the church as a potent enemy of socialism, heartily welcomed by trade union leaders.
A dynamic modeling framework for future distribution energy systems

This paper recognizes that the large resistance to reactance line ratio in distribution systems may create strong coupling between real and reactive power dynamics. To model this coupling, a new coupled real-power voltage dynamic model for future distribution energy systems with a large penetration of distributed generation (DG) units is derived. The proposed dynamic model offers an intuitive physical insight into the interaction between the electromechanical and electromagnetic phenomena. This model, furthermore, provides a better understanding of the decentralized nature of distribution energy systems where each DG represents a sub-system of the whole system. The theoretical findings are applied to investigate the small-signal stability of a real-world distribution system on the island of Flores. The results indicate that if the primary control of DGs are designed based on the decoupled model, frequency and voltage stability problems may occur in distribution systems.
Novel Hg2+-Induced Nephropathy in Rats and Mice Lacking Mrp2: Evidence of Axial Heterogeneity in the Handling of Hg2+ Along the Proximal Tubule

The role of the multi-resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the nephropathy induced by inorganic mercuric mercury (Hg(2+)) was studied in rats (TR(-)) and mice (Mrp2(-/-)), which lack functional Mrp2, and control animals. Animals were exposed to nephrotoxic doses of HgCl2. Forty-eight or 24 hours after exposure, tissues were harvested and analyzed for Hg content and markers of injury. Histological analyses revealed that the proximal tubular segments affected pathologically by Hg(2+) were significantly different between Mrp2-deficient animals and controls. In the absence of Mrp2, cellular injury localized almost exclusively in proximal tubular segments in the subcapsular (S1) to midcortical regions (early S2) of the kidney. In control animals, cellular death occurred mainly in the proximal tubular segments in the inner cortex (late S2) and outer stripe of the outer medulla (S3). These differences in renal pathology indicate that axial heterogeneity exists along the proximal tubule with respect to how mercuric ions are handled. Total renal and hepatic accumulation of mercury was also greater in animals lacking Mrp2 than in controls, indicating that Mrp2 normally plays a significant role in eliminating mercuric ions from within proximal tubular cells and hepatocytes. Analyses of plasma creatinine, BUN, and renal expression of Kim-1 and Ngal tend to support the severity of the nephropathies detected histologically. Collectively, our findings indicate that a fraction of mercuric ions is normally secreted by Mrp2 in early portions of proximal tubules into the lumen and then is absorbed downstream in straight portions, where mercuric species typically induce toxic effects.
Net trophic transfer efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners to lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from their food

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks over a 133-d experiment. At the start of the experiment, 10 to 14 of the fish in each tank were sacrificed, and the concentrations of 40 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners within these fish were determined. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentrations were also determined in the 15 lake whitefish remaining in each of the four tanks at the end of the experiment as well as in the rainbow smelt fed to the lake whitefish. Each lake whitefish was weighed at the start and the end of the experiment, and the amount of food eaten by the lake whitefish during the experiment was tracked. Using these measurements, net trophic transfer efficiency (γ) from the rainbow smelt to the lake whitefish in each of the four tanks was calculated for each of the 40 PCB congeners. Results showed that γ decreased exponentially as log KOW for the congeners increased from 6 to 8. Further, γ averaged 0.70 for the tetrachloro congeners but averaged only 0.45 for the higher chlorinated congeners.
Basal ganglia volume in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia is associated with treatment response to antipsychotic medication

We investigated the relationship between basal ganglia volume and treatment response to the atypical antipsychotic medication risperidone in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Basal ganglia volumes included the bilateral caudate, putamen, and pallidum and were measured using the Freesurfer automated segmentation pipeline in 23 subjects. Also, baseline symptom severity, duration of illness, age, gender, time off medication, and exposure to previous antipsychotic were measured. Treatment response was significantly correlated with all three regions of the bilateral basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, and pallidum), baseline symptom severity, duration of illness, and age but not gender, time off antipsychotic medication, or exposure to previous antipsychotic medication. The caudate volume was the basal ganglia region that demonstrated the strongest correlation with treatment response and was significantly negatively correlated with patient age. Caudate volume was not significantly correlated with any other measure. We demonstrated a novel finding that the caudate volume explains a significant amount of the variance in treatment response over the course of 6 weeks of risperidone pharmacotherapy even when controlling for baseline symptom severity and duration of illness.
Cancer stem cell markers: what is their diagnostic value?

Importance of the field: Cancer resistance to conventional therapies has been attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although a variety of markers have been reported, a universal marker has not yet been found to identify CSCs. Better identification of these CSCs may lead to new therapies that selectively target these cells and thereby result in more effective treatment. This article categorizes the types of marker that have been identified and explores their potential diagnostic and therapeutic value. Areas covered in this review: A focused literature review of studies relating to CSCs and their identification was conducted. Databases evaluated include MEDLINE and Web of Science through 2009. What the reader will gain: The ideal identification method needs to be effective and practical in terms of application. The measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is simple to accomplish compared with other reported identification methods; however, cell surface antigens have been studied most frequently in t...
Non-housestaff medicine services in academic centers: models and challenges.

Non–housestaff medicine services are growing rapidly in academic medical centers (AMCs), partly driven by efforts to comply with resident duty hour restrictions. Hospitalists have emerged as a solution to providing these services given their commitment to delivering efficient and high-quality care and the field's rapid growth. However, limited evidence is available on designing these services, including the similarities and differences of existing ones. We describe non–housestaff medicine services at 5 AMCs in order to share our experiences and outline important considerations in service development. We discuss common challenges in building and sustaining these models along with local institutional factors that affect decision making. Keys to success include ensuring an equitable system for scheduling and staffing, fostering opportunities for scholarly activities and academic promotion (defining the “academic hospitalist”), and providing compensation that supports recruitment and retention of hospitalists. With further work hour restrictions expected in the future and increased requests for surgical comanagement, the relationship between AMCs and hospitalists will continue to evolve. To succeed in developing hospitalist faculty who follow long careers in hospital medicine, academic leadership must carefully plan for and evaluate the methods of providing these clinical services while expanding on our academic mission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:247–255. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Observation of dead-time-modified photocounting distributions for modulated laser radiation

We report a series of optical experiments that verify the theoretical photocounting distributions obtained by Diament and Teich for triangularly and sinusoidally modulated laser radiation. Another series of experiments validates the (nonparalyzable) dead-time-modified versions of these formulas obtained by Cantor and Teich. A new expression is obtained for the counting distribution in the presence of modulation and paralyzable dead time. The results have application in photon counting, nuclear counting, and neural counting.
Structural Modeling of Posttensioned Members

This state-of-the-art paper offers a comprehensive overview of the modeling techniques used for the analysis of posttensioned structures. The merits and limitations of each of the modeling schemes are discussed within a consistent and comparative framework. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the tacit features of the models. The balanced loading, primary actions, hyperstatic (secondary) actions, and prestressing moment concepts commonly used in the analysis of prestressed structures are revisited and clarified. The work concludes with an example of the most recent modeling technology—the discrete modeling of tendons. The example illustrates the calculation of long-term prestress losses as an integral part of the analysis as opposed to the traditional approach where long-term losses are computed independently from the solution.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis by a bovine sialoglycopeptide inhibitor occurs at an intracellular level.

The control of cell proliferation involves the complex interaction between growth factors and growth inhibitors. We have examined this interaction with the mitogen epidermal growth factor (EOF) and a recently purified 18 kD, pI 3, sialoglycopeptide that reversibly inhibits cellular metabolism of a variety of cells. The sialogly-copeptide was a very potent inhibitor of EOF action; 0.22 nM of the inhibitor completely blocked the mitogenic effect of 1.60 nM of EGF. The sialoglycopeptide, however, did not affect the binding of EGF to 3T3 cells. Neither the mixed affinities (0.11–1.9 nM) of binding nor the total number of receptors (50,000 receptors/cell) for EGF were altered by the addition of the Sialoglycopeptide. In addition, competitive binding experiments demonstrated the specificity of inhibitor binding to 3T3 cells and also showed that EGF and the Sialoglycopeptide did not share the same receptor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF action at a postreceptor, intracellular event in the signal cascade. We further demonstrated that the Sialoglycopeptide had to be added within 2.5 hr after EGF to block effectively the stimulation of DNA synthesis by the growth factor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF stimulation at a relatively early step in the signal transduction mechanism.
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Signs: An Evaluation of Driver Comprehension and Perceived Risk

As drivers continue to purchase electric vehicles, there is an increasing demand for electric vehicle charging stations and, consequently, signing for these stations. Previous research evaluated a sign which was recommended to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) team for addition to the MUTCD; however there remained concerns that drivers' perceptions of electric vehicle charging stations signs had not been adequately addressed. The present research focused on driver comprehension and perceived risk of electric shock in regard to two electric vehicle charging station signs. Members of the driving public completed a computer-based survey which consisted of open-ended questions, rating tasks, and ranking tasks. Drivers did not necessarily associate a risk of electric shock with electric vehicle charging stations. In fact, nearly 100 percent reported that they would feel comfortable using a public electric vehicle charging station. When asked specifically about the risk of electric shock, statistically significant differences in sign alternatives arose only in the risk of electric shock implied by the sign. Further, drivers perceived the risk of shock from using an electric vehicle charging station as lower than many commonly used items which contain an electric charge (e.g., toaster, hair dryer, and extension cord). Given that both alternatives were well comprehended, either sign is suitable for use. Language: en
Neuropharmacologic treatment of hemineglect: A case report comparing bromocriptine and methylphenidate

Individuals who have hemineglect fail to attend to stimuli presented on the side of the body contralateral to a brain lesion. Although in animal studies the severity of neglect correlates with the degree of dopamine depletion, in hemineglect patients dopamine-enhancing medications have produced inconsistent results. We present a case of hemineglect following a right cerebrovascular accident in a 68-year-old man treated consecutively with methylphenidate and bromocriptine. Tests sensitive to neglect were administered during treatment with methylphenidate, then after all medications had been discontinued, then then when the patient was taking low and moderate doses of bromocriptine, and again after all medications had been discontinued for 4 and 26 days. Methylphenidate was superior to no drug treatment. Bromocriptine produced more improvement in neglect than methylphenidate. Although the patient showed an exacerbation of his neglect after withdrawal from methylphenidate, performance gains persisted after withdrawal from bromocriptine. Treatment effects appear related to medication choice, timing of drug treatment, and the adaptability of dopaminergic receptor systems.
Area-based tests of long-term seismic hazard predictions

This article develops several area-based tests of long-term seismic hazard predictions. The tests stem from the hypothesis that the observed fractional area of hazard exceedence should follow in proportion to the region's predicted likelihood of exceedence. For example, a prediction is successful if roughly 30% of the area mapped as having a 30% likelihood of exceeding some hazard threshold in a certain time interval, actually does suffer this level of shaking. Although tests of earthquake predictions are always equivocal, the success or failure of a forecast hazard map can be argued strongly from a statistical assessment of the hundreds of individual point predictions comprising the map. The specific forecasts to be examined are the 30-yr probabilities of peak ground acceleration exceedence that were presented by Ward (1994) for southern California. In lieu of a lengthy historical set of recorded peak accelerations, observational data for the tests were derived from the 150-yr earthquake catalog and standard attenuation relationships. In all cases, the observed hazard ratios were highly correlated with the predictions. Within 95% confidence bounds, the observed levels of hazard coincided with the predicted hazard from models that included a low-magnitude cutoff of M = 5.5 to 6, approximately the same limit as enlisted in the earthquake catalog. I propose a pass/fail criterion for acceleration hazard maps and I suggest that all seismic hazard predictions submit to area-based tests.
Communicating Learning Outcomes and Student Performance through the Student Transcript.

The university accreditation process now puts more emphasis on selfassessment. This change requires universities to identify program objectives, performance indicators, and areas for improvement. Many accrediting institutions are requiring that institutions communicate clearly to constituents: 1) what learning outcomes were achieved by students, and 2) what level of attainment of these outcomes is required to assure the quality of program offerings. The traditional student transcript does not accomplish this. The proposed structure for academic transcripts clearly states what the learning objectives of the institution and the degree programs are, as well as how the student has met the learning outcomes.
Evolving Appraisal and Accessioning Policies of Soviet Archives

The authors visited the Soviet Union in October 1989 in accordance with an agreement between the Main Archival Administration of the USSR Council of Ministers and the Commission on Soviet-American Archival Cooperation of the American Council of Learned Societies. They discuss the appraisal and accessioning practices of Soviet archives, focusing on the roles of various institutions, including the Main Archival Administration, All-Union Scientific Research Institute, expert appraisal commissions, state archives, and agency archives. The authors also describe new directions in the appraisal area resulting in part from glasnost and perestroika, including changes in the definition of historical value, greater variety in the sources for archives, concerns about new types of audiovisual and electronic records, and efforts to reduce the bulk of records.
The use of anti-GITR antibody treatment in a murine model of glioblastoma multiforme

Meeting abstracts Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common adult brain tumor and despite many new therapies, remains largely incurable. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are highly immunosuppressive cells that accumulate within glioma microenvironment, and reduction of their function or
Effect of Partial Hepatectomy and Pregnancy on Tumor Growth and Alanine-α-Ketoglutarate Transaminase Activity.∗

SummaryConsequences related to the metabolic requirements for growth of new tissues during fetal development and liver regeneration were studied with regard to: 1) activity of a transaminase enzyme, alanine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase; 2) growth of Walker carcinoma 256; and 3) response of the enzyme and the tumor to treatment with cortisol. The livers of pregnant or partially hepatectomized rats did not show an increase in alanine transaminase activity after administration of cortisol at doses which produced a significant response of this enzyme in normal control animals. The growth of the Walker carcinoma 256 in partially hepatectomized rats and pregnant animals was inhibited by 40% and 80%, rspectively. While liver regeneration in tumor-bearing animals was retarded by 50%, the growing tumor had no observable effect on fetal development. Alanine transaminase activity was below normal endogenous levels in both regenerating liver and liver from pregnant rats.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Ce1−xMxO2-δ(M = La, Bi, Sm, Pr, Tb) Solid Solutions

A systematic study of hydrothermally prepared Ce1−x,MxO2−δ, (M= Sm, Bi, Pr, Tb; x= 0-0.30) solid solutions, promising materials for application in solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen membranes is presented. Ultrafine particles of uniform crystallite dimension, ∼ 20 nm can be formed in 30 min. under hydrothermal conditions (260°C, 10 MPa). The small particle size (20-50 nm) of the hydrothermally prepared materials allows sintering of the samples into highly dense ceramics at 900-1350°C, significantly lower temperatures than 1600-1650°C required for samples prepared by solid state techniques. The solubility limit of Bi2O3, in CeO2, was determined to be around 20 mol. %. The maximum conductivity, σ600°C ∼ 4.4 × 10−3 S/cm with Ea = 1.01 eV, and σ600°C = 5.7 × 10−3 S/cm with Ea ≈ 0.9 eV was found at x= 0.20 and x= 0.17 for Bi and Sm, respectively. In the Ce-Pr/Tb oxide systems, in addition to the high oxide ion conductivity, electronic conductivity occurs through the hopping of small polarons by a thermally activated mechanism (electron hopping from the Pr3+/Tb3+ to a neighboring Pr4+/Tb4+ ion).
Vertical Bridgman Growth of GaAs

We have developed a process to grow both undoped, semi-insulating (SI) and silicon-doped, semiconducting (SC) GaAs using a vertical Bridgman method. The technique combines advantages of both liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) and horizontal Bridgman (HB) processes. SI ingots, grown in pBN boats, and SC ingots, grown in quartz boats, are passed through a relatively shallow temperature gradient. Properties of the resulting material are highly uniform across the surface of a wafer. Because of the small temperature gradient, dislocation densities are very low (typically under 4000/cm∩2).
Influence of Electromagnetic Pulse Disturbance on the Functional Properties of Ultra-High Resolution Analog to Digital Converter

This paper presents the results of the research on electromagnetic pulse disturbances impact on the performance of the 31 bit resolution analog-to-digital converter. The research was held for the following operating conditions of the AD converter: with and without the galvanic isolation through the signal lines. The results of measurements were calculated as the standard deviation in the number of the ADC’s elementary divisions. Standard deviation was used to quantify the impact on the accuracy of the AD converter measurements.
Site-resolved measurement of the spin-correlation function in the Fermi-Hubbard model

Exotic phases of matter can emerge from strong correlations in quantum many-body systems. Quantum gas microscopy affords the opportunity to study these correlations with unprecedented detail. Here, we report site-resolved observations of antiferromagnetic correlations in a two-dimensional, Hubbard-regime optical lattice and demonstrate the ability to measure the spin-correlation function over any distance. We measure the in situ distributions of the particle density and magnetic correlations, extract thermodynamic quantities from comparisons to theory, and observe statistically significant correlations over three lattice sites. The temperatures that we reach approach the limits of available numerical simulations. The direct access to many-body physics at the single-particle level demonstrated by our results will further our understanding of how the interplay of motion and magnetism gives rise to new states of matter.
Effect of Water Vapor, Temperature, and Rapid Annealing on Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Crystallization

Perovskite-based solar cells are one of the emerging candidates for radically lower cost photovoltaics. Herein, we report on the synthesis and crystallization of organic–inorganic formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite films under controlled atmospheric and environmental conditions. Using in situ (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, we make observations of the crystallization process of these materials in nitrogen and oxygen gas with and without the presence of water vapor. Complementary planar samples were also fabricated in the presence of water vapor and characterized by in situ X-ray diffraction. Direct observations of the material structure and final morphology indicate that the exposure to water vapor results in a porous film that is metastable, regardless of the presence of argon, nitrogen, or oxygen. However, the optimal crystallization temperature of 175 °C is unperturbed across conditions. Rapid modulation about the annealing temperature of 175 °C in ±25 °C steps (150–200 °C) promotes c...
Beneficial influence of vasoactive intestinal peptide on ventriculovascular coupling in closed-chest dogs.

The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on ventriculovascular coupling in the intact cardiovascular system has not been defined. We studied seven dogs chronically instrumented with left ventricular (LV) pressure manometers and three sets of diameter gauges before and after infusions of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 microgram.kg-1.min-1 VIP. The dogs were studied after autonomic blockade, anesthesia, and intubation, with a fixed heart rate of 160 beats/min. Contractility was assessed using LV elastance at end systole (Ees) and the slope of the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation. The vascular influence of VIP was quantified by determining effective arterial elastance (Ea) under steady-state conditions. The overall effect on ventriculovascular coupling was assessed using the transfer of mechanical energy from LV to the arterial system (TransPVA) quantified as the percentage of pressure-volume area (PVA) expressed as stroke work. LV relaxation was measured using the time constant of LV pressure decay. The results showed that VIP increased contractility (Ees increased to 129, 156, and 181% of control; P < 0.01 for all vs. control) and decreased effective arterial elastance (Ea fell to 84, 68, and 64% of control; P < 0.0155 vs. control for the two higher doses). VIP had no consistent effects on LV relaxation. Thus, in addition to its positive ventricular effects (increased contractility), VIP has beneficial vascular effects (reduced Ea). These properties combine to improve ventriculovascular coupling, such that VIP enhances delivery of mechanical energy from the LV to the circulatory bed.
PREDICTIONS OF BRAIN DAMAGE FROM AN APHASIA SCREENING TEST; AN APPLICATION OF DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS AND A COMPARISON WITH A NON-LINEAR METHOD OF ANALYSIS.

Under linear discriminant function analysis of four cerebral-damage criterion groups (including non-damage), arranged in seven two-way comparisons, the aphasia screening test gave over-all percentages of correct prediction of 262 Ss' actual brain-damage classifications, ranging between 77.5% and 93.4%. An earlier analysis of the same Ss' responses to the aphasia test, organized in terms of four mutually exclusive and exhaustive, non-linear rules for classifying each S to a single damage category (control, left, right, and diffuse or bilateral), produced percentages of correct prediction within virtually the same range as did the discriminant function analysis, but with a different pattern of accuracy of prediction. The results of the aphasia test discriminant function analysis were almost completely congruent with those obtained from the same kind of analysis applied to 23 entirely different test variables from the Wechsler, Halstead, and Trail Making tests. The implications of such methods as the discrim...
Guillaume-Thomas Raynal

Priesterausbildung im Jesuitenkolleg in Rodez; unterrichtete 1733–1740 Rhetorik und Klassische Philologie; 1740–1743 Theologiestudium; 1743 Priesterweihe; 1744 Verlassen des Jesuitenordens; ab 1746 Hauslehrer in Paris, literarische und publizistische Gelegenheitsarbeiten; Kontakte zu literarischen Salons; publizistische Auft ragsarbeiten des Ausenministeriums; Direktor der Zeitung Mercure de France (1750–1754), Herausgeber der literarischen Zeitschrift Nouvelles litteraires (1747–1755), mit J. H. Meister, Diderot und F. M. Grimm Herausgabe der Correspondance litteraire (1753–1773); kurzzeitige Mitarbeit an der Encyclopedie von Diderot und D’ Alembert; 1774–1784 Exil in Holland, England, der Schweiz sowie an den Furstenhofen von Sachsen-Gotha, Hessen-Darmstadt und Potsdam; 1784 Ruckkehr nach Sudfrankreich (Toulon, Marseille), galt 1789 als intellektueller Vorkampfer der Revolution.
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is more common in women than in men, with a ratio of 1.9:1. The tumor occurs in older individuals and has a median (mean) age of 69 (66.5) years. ATC often exists coincidentally with, or in patients with a history of, differentiated thyroid cancer, suggesting a dedifferentiated process. ATC comprises only 3.8 % of thyroid cancers worldwide and is seen more frequently in regions of iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation has reduced the frequency by 40–80 %. ATC usually presents with the sudden onset of a neck mass. The tumor produces both airway and esophageal obstructive symptoms including dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness (due to recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement), pain, cough, and hemoptysis, and death occurs shortly thereafter. The median tumor size at onset is 6.8 cm but may be as large as 25 cm. Initial imaging is required to assess the extent of disease, and FDG-PET is particularly helpful in locating disease locations. Metastatic disease at presentation occurs commonly, with lung and mediastinal lesions being identified most frequently. Other sites include the bone, liver, brain, heart, adrenal glands, and kidney, many of these being sites rarely affected by differentiated thyroid cancers. Initial evaluation should include not only anatomic staging but an assessment of the patient’s performance status, after which, a realistic discussion of the patient’s therapeutic options and desire for aggressive versus palliative management should be held. Restaging and goals of care should be reassessed after initial therapy and periodically thereafter. Causes of death are both from local obstructive complications and distant metastases.
Behavioral therapy teams for adults with OCD in a community mental health center: An open trial

Abstract Objective This study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of a team-based approach to deliver Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ERP) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in a community mental health center (CMHC). Method Group ERP was adapted to meet the needs of adults with OCD receiving treatment in a CMHC and to be delivered by behavioral therapy teams (BTT). A training program, treatment manual, and fidelity ratings were developed to train CMHC therapists and case managers. Participants received 12 group ERP sessions and 10 individual home-based coaching sessions over 12 weeks. Results Eight participants entered group ERP. Feasibility and acceptability of the BTT intervention were good with six clients completing treatment, 89% of scheduled sessions attended, and high treatment satisfaction ratings. Fidelity ratings indicated staff adhered well to an ERP protocol. Half of treatment completers experienced clinically significant reductions in symptoms on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale by post-treatment or at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions BTT appear to be a feasible and acceptable way to deliver ERP for OCD in CMHCs. Modifications to ERP for CMCH populations may be needed to increase the reach of the intervention.
Pathogenesis of reovirus gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease

During the initial surveys in search of viral infectious agents carried out in the late 1940s to the 1960s reovirus was discovered to be a common infectious agent that was recovered from the feces of virtually all mammals (Rosen and Abinanti 1960; Hrdy et al. 1979). In humans, exposure to the mammalian reovirus occurs in childhood, with a high proportion of the population having serological evidence of infection by young adulthood (Lerner et al. 1947; Jackson et al. 1961; Leers and Royce 1966). However, a role of reovirus in the pathogenesis of symptomatic infection has not been substantiated in humans. Although reoviruses have not been conclusively implicated in any human disease, this viral system has served as a model to study the manner by which other more pathogenic viruses in humans may infect the gut and gain entry into a mammalian host. The ability to manipulate the viral genetic elements has enhanced our ability to define viral proteins associated with virus delivery, entry, and infection at the primary site of entry and has been an additional rationale to study reovirus infection.
An estimator for discrete-choice models with spatial lag dependence using large samples, with an application to land-use conversions

Abstract Economic problems that require micro-level analysis within a discrete-choice framework are often spatial processes, where standard models result in inconsistent parameter estimates. Existing methods for spatial discrete-choice models become infeasible in micro-level data applications due to large sample sizes. We propose an extension of Klier and McMillen’s (2008) generalized moments estimator to multinomial choice models with spatial lag dependence that is computationally simple. Simulations indicate that the proposed estimator captures accurately the degree of spatial dependence in the data, provided spatial dependence is not too high. The methodology is employed to analyze the conversion process to various land uses using parcel-level data from a rural-urban fringe county within a large metropolitan area. We find evidence of positive spatial dependence of about 0.36—a result consistent with the widely-accepted idea that land-use conversion is a spatial process. This suggests that uncoordinated local land-use policies designed at a small scale, while attempting to manage growth at a local level, may fragment urban development and result in suboptimal land-use patterns at a regional level.
Inverted Encoding Models Assay Population-Level Stimulus Representations, Not Single-Unit Neural Tuning.

Inverted encoding models (IEMs) are a powerful tool for reconstructing population-level stimulus representations from aggregate measurements of neural activity (e.g., fMRI or EEG). In a recent report, Liu et al. (2018) tested whether IEMs can provide information about the underlying tuning of single units. Here, we argue that using stimulus reconstructions to infer properties of single neurons, such as neural tuning bandwidth, is an ill-posed problem with no unambiguous solution. Instead of interpreting results from these methods as evidence about single-unit tuning, we emphasize the utility of these methods for assaying population-level stimulus representations. These can be compared across task conditions to better constrain theories of large-scale neural information processing across experimental manipulations, such as changing sensory input or attention. Neuroscience methods range astronomically in scale. In some experiments, we record subthreshold membrane potentials in individual neurons, while in others we measure aggregate responses of thousands of neurons at the millimeter scale. A central goal in neuroscience is to bridge insights across all scales to understand the core computations underlying cognition (Churchland and Sejnowski, 1988). However, inferential problems arise when moving across scales: single-unit response properties cannot be inferred from fMRI activation in single voxels, subthreshold membrane potential cannot be inferred from extracellular spike rate, and the state of single ion channels cannot be inferred from intracellular recordings. These are all examples of an inverse problem in which an observation at a larger scale is consistent with an enormous number of possible observations at a smaller scale. Recent analytical advances have circumvented challenges inherent in inverse problems by instead transforming aggregate signals from their native “measurement space” (e.g., activation pattern across fMRI voxels) into a …
Nonlinear Manifestations of Photon Acceleration in Rapidly Evolving Semiconductor Metasurfaces

We report an experimental observation of photon acceleration in mid-infrared semiconductor metasurfaces manifested as blue-shifted third harmonic generation at carrier frequencies of up to 3.1ω.
Seat Vibration in Military Propeller Aircraft: Characterization, Exposure Assessment, and Mitigation

Introduction There have been increasing reports of annoyance, fatigue, and even neck and back pain during prolonged operation of military propeller aircraft, where persistent multi-axis vibration occurs at higher frequencies beyond human whole-body resonance. This paper characterizes and assesses the higher frequency vibration transmitted to the occupants onboard these aircraft. Methods Multi-axis accelerations were measured at the occupied seating surfaces onboard the WC/C-130J, C-130H3, and E-2C Hawkeye. The effects of the vibration were assessed in accordance with current international guidelines (ISO 2631-1:1997). The relative psychophysical effects of the frequency components and the effects of selected mitigation strategies were also investigated. Results The accelerations associated with the blade passage frequency measured on the passenger seat pans located on the side of the fuselage near the propeller plane of the C-130J (102 Hz) and C-130H3 (68 Hz) were noteworthy (5.19 +/- 1.72 ms(-2) rms and 7.65 +/- 0.71 ms(-2) rms, respectively, in the lateral direction of the aircraft). The psychophysical results indicated that the higher frequency component would dominate the side passengers' perception of the vibration. Balancing the props significantly reduced the lower frequency propeller rotation vibration (17 Hz), but had little effect on the blade passage frequency vibration. Conclusions The relationships among the frequency, vibration direction, and seat measurement sites were complex, challenging the development of seating systems and mitigation strategies. Psychophysical metrics could provide a tool for optimizing mitigation strategies, but the current international vibration standard may not provide optimum assessment methods for evaluating higher frequency operational exposures.
Sexual Harassment: Social and Psychological Issues

Sexual harassment is verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that is either a condition of work or severe and pervasive enough to affect one's work performance. This article provides a short historical review, and discusses the measurement of sexual harassment, its prevalence among women and men, and factors affecting people's judgments about what constitutes sexual harassment. It also reviews four explanations for sexual harassment: natural/biological, organizational, sociocultural, and individual difference explanations.
Democratizing assessment practices through multimodal critique in the design classroom

Critique is a primary method of assessment and feedback used in design education, yet is not well understood apart from traditional instructor-led activities in physical learning spaces. In this study, we analyze a series of group critiques in a human–computer interaction learning experience, focusing on an emergent instructional design for technologically-mediated critique created by experienced students serving as peer mentors. Peer mentors designed complex interactions that supported assessment in the design classroom, including multiple technology-supported modes of critique beyond the traditional oral critique. The modes of critique, and the ways in which they intertwined, included: (1) public oral critique led by the instructor, (2) a critique document authored by experienced students in real-time using Google Docs, and (3) backchannel chat used by experienced students in Google Docs to facilitate and organize their critique. Using this model of distributed assessment, which we refer to as multimodal critique, the amount of feedback and number of interlocutors increased dramatically, facilitating participation by students and peer mentors alike. These interactions indicate instructional affordances for including many simultaneous users within an existing assessment infrastructure using readily accessible technologies, and a means of activating student development at multiple levels of expertise.
Emerging and Re-Emerging Foodborne Pathogens

Abstract Emergence and re-emergence of foodborne pathogens is a continuing concern for public health agencies and organizations, the food industry, and consumers. Several factors that contribute to...