cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia complications of pediatric radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose Complications of anesthesia for pediatric radiation therapy are imperative for both radiation oncologists and anesthesiologists to clinically assess and manage. We performed the first systematic review to date addressing this important issue. Methods A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were not restricted based on publication date. Nine original investigations were identified, analyzed, and collated for this report. Results General anesthesia has proven superior to conscious sedation with regard to maintaining satisfactory procedural sedation while maintaining low respiratory and cardiovascular complication rates. Although agents such as ketamine (complication rates approaching 23%-24%) have been used in the past, other agents such as propofol and volatile anesthetics have lower complication rates because of improved drug side effect profiles (0.01%-3.5%). Most common complications are respiratory-based (eg, airway obstruction, broncho/laryngospasm, desaturation, apnea), followed by those that are cardiovascular-based (eg, tachy/bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension) and nausea/vomiting. Though procedure duration and anesthetic dose can be associated with higher complication risks, prior or concurrent chemotherapy does not confer added risks other than neutropenia-related sepsis. Other potential complications include those with vascular access devices, observed in up to 20% to 25%, with peripherally inserted central catheters having the highest rates of vascular complications and port catheters the lowest. Conclusions Rates of anesthetic complications encountered in pediatric radiation therapy are similar, if not lower, than rates reported in controlled operating room settings, implying that anesthesia for pediatric radiation therapy is safe, with low complication rates periprocedurally. Propofol infusion and oxygen delivery via nasal cannula offer the lowest immediate anesthetic complication rates and are hence most recommended for use. Though the long-term neurocognitive consequences of multiple anesthetics in pediatric patients have yet to be clearly defined, health care providers should be cognizant of the potentially serious implications.
GODEL NUMBERINGS OF PARTIAL RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS

In § 1 we present conceptual material concerning the notion of a Godel numbering of the partial recursive functions. § 2 presents a theorem about these concepts. § 3 gives several applications. The material in § 1 and § 2 grew out of attempts by the author to find routine solutions to some of the problems discussed in § 3. The author wishes to acknowledge his debt in § 2 to the fruitful methods of Myhill in [M] and to thank the referee for an abbreviated and improved version of the proof for Lemma 3 in § 2.In the literature of mathematical logic, “Godel numbering” usually means an effective correspondence between integers and the well-formed formulas of some logical calculus. In recursive function theory, certain such associations between the non-negative integers and instructions for computing partial recursive functions have been fundamental. In the present paper we shall be concerned only with numberings of the latter, more special, sort. By numbers and integers we shall mean non-negative integers. Our notation is, in general, that of [K]. If ϕ and ψ are two partial functions, ϕ = ψ shall mean that (∀x)[ϕ(x)≃(ψx)], i.e., that ϕ and ψ are defined for the same arguments and are equal on those arguments. We consider partial recursive functions of one variable; applications of the paper to the case of several variables, or to the case of all partial recursive functions in any number of variables, can be made in the usual way using the coordinate functions (a)i of [K, p. 230]. It will furthermore be observed that we consider only concepts that are invariant with respect to general recursive functions; more limited notions of Godel numbering, taking into account, say, primitive recursive structure, are beyond the scope of the present paper.
Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma with persistent diurnal cortisol secretory rhythm.

A 41-yr-old female with presumed Cushing's syndrome was found to have a diurnal cortisol rhythm characterized by low values of 8:00 a.m. and consistently high values at 4:00 p.m. and midnight. Hourly sampling of plasma cortisol over 24 hr confirmed this rhythm, as did measurement of urinary free cortisols in samples collected every 6 hr over 24 hr. Hypercortisolemia was not suppressed by 2 mg of dexamethasone given every 6 hr for 24 hr. The adrenal tissue was responsive to ACTH. Iodocholesterol scanning revealed unilateral activity, and the patient's syndrome was cured by resection of an adrenal adenoma. In this patient a diurnal cortisol secretory pattern was present due to the secretory activity of the adenoma. The cause of the abnormal but persistent diurnal pattern is unknown.
Mineral analysis of ancient Peruvian hair

Ancient Peruvian hair has been excavated from a series of archaeological sites on the Peruvian coast. After careful cleaning, examination by scanning electron microscopy revealed most of the samples to be in a state of preservation comparable to modern hair. No evidence of pathological conditions was observed. Trace metal composition was determined by atomic absorption and flame emission spectrophotometry and nitrogen by Kjeldahl analysis, producing the following results: (1) nitrogen is lost with time, while all other tested minerals except zinc and copper showed irregular increases; (2) relatively high chromium levels may indicate that diabetes was not present in the samples; and (3) no consistent trend in the ratio of calcium to strontium was found through time and across corresponding dietary shifts.
The Interdependency of Fair Use and the First Amendment.

Abstract The rights of free speech, to search for truth, to strive for self-realization, and to participate in the processes of self-government, are guaranteed in the first amendment; but these rights would not be possible without the grant of public access to information provided by the doctrine of fair use in the copyright clause. Because quick and complete copy and dissemination of information is made simple through digitization and electronic transfer, many corporate intellectual property lawyers and political lobbyists are pressuring for tightening the public access provided in fair use; thus, it is of heightened importance that educators and other members of the public understand the interdependent nature of fair use and the first amendment and that the existence of fair use is necessary lifeblood to free speech.
Customers' Participation in Organizational Structure: A Conversation Analytic Approach for Understanding the Action of Service Inquiries

This article describes communication practices through which organizational members and their customers collaboratively produce an activity-related structure within a customer service encounter. The findings in this article contribute to our understanding of customers' participation in service delivery by examining how customers treat service inquiries for its action implication. By describing the collaborative process through which service responses are constructed, we can begin to see how an orientation to action within an organizational activity reflects a part of the larger organizational structure.
C13/C12 abundances in components of carbonaceous chondrites and terrestrial samples

C13/C12 component composition from carbonaceous chondrites and terrestrial samples, showing similar fractional patterns but isotope variations
Saturated Phospholipids with High Melting Temperatures Form Complexes with Cholesterol in Monolayers

Many mixtures of phospholipids and cholesterol form immiscible liquid phases in a monolayer at an air−water interface. As discovered recently, some binary mixtures of phospholipid and cholesterol e...
On the existence of lindahl equilibria in economies with a measure space of non-transitive consumers

Abstract We present a generalization of Roberts' theorem on the existence of Lindahl equilibria in economies with a measure space of agents. The principal contribution of this paper is methodological. We show that by formulating the problem in what we consider to be its natural infinite dimensional setting, the basic structure of Debreu's proof in the theory of value can be applied. Our proof makes use of functional analysis and relies, in particular, on Artstein's characterization of weak sequential convergence in L 1 ( μ ).
Acoustic detection and tracking of abyssopelagic animals: description of an autonomous split-beam acoustic array

Importance of pelagic animals in transport of organic matter at abyssal depths has been suggested based on vertical distribution and gut content analysis. We developed an autonomous acoustic instrument to detect individual pelagic animals, measure their target strength, and track their movements across specific depth boundaries in the deep sea. This instrument consists of a split-beam line array with a beam pattern narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal. Animals (acoustic targets) ⩾2 cm in length can be detected in an insonified radius of 100 m around the array with a position resolution of ca 42 cm. The velocity of a target animal can be resolved using a closely spaced ping sequence. The line array is deployed as a bottom-moored free vehicle with controller electronics, preamplifier, and a battery source for deployments up to several weeks at depths to 6 km. A deployment in the central North Pacific at 100 m altitude above the bottom (5762 m total depth) for 25 h recorded four targets moving through the acoustic field. Estimated size of the targets, based on initial target strength analyses, suggests that two are crustaceans and one is a grenadier fish. The fourth target is indicative of an animal larger than any we have observed in video camera deployments or caugh with baited traps and hooks at this station. Our initial measurements show that abyssopelagic fauna can be detected and their target strengths and movements measured with the acoustic array.
Cloning and developmental expression of Baf57 in Xenopus laevis

Mammalian and Drosophila homologues of Baf57 have been previously isolated as being a subunit of SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling complexes. Here, we report the cloning and developmental expression of Xenopus Baf57. We isolated XBaf57 by using an expression cloning approach to identify novel modulators of Xenopus Smad7. XBaf57 co-operates with XSmad7 by increasing the expression of neural markers in ectodermal explants. XBaf57 is expressed in the ectoderm and pre-involuting mesoderm during gastrula stages and in the central nervous system during neurula and tailbud stages. These results raise the possibility that XBaf57 (or XBaf57-containing chromatin remodelling complexes) may be involved in the process of neural induction during Xenopus embryonic development.
Urban GentrificationIdeology And Practice in Middle‐Class Civic Activity

Middle-Class Professionals Who Gentrified a New York City neighborhood during the 1960s and 1970s possessed a coherent vision of community improvement that guided their civic activity. Drawing on many long-standing Western ant urban notions, their vision centered on themes of renewal, cleansing, and purification of a fundamentally disordered and polluted city, and guided their actions in four main areas: (1) opposition to commercial and industrial development; (2) historic preservation and restoration; (3) beautification greening, and celebration of the "natural"; and (4) political reform. Current urban economic trends in North America, particularly the shift from manufacturing to service-based economies, support the appearance of this ideology and the associated gentrification practices, [gentrification, housing, New York]
Safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine RIT 4237 in 3-month-old infants

To assess the safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine, we administered attenuated strain RIT 4237 to 54 inner-city infants randomized to one of three groups in a double-blind fashion to receive a dose at 3 and 5 months of age of either placebo, vaccine virus at 10(7) TCID50/ml, or vaccine virus at 10(8) TCID50/ml. Vaccination began in early fall 1984, and continued through spring 1985. Forty-nine infants received one dose of vaccine or placebo; 43 received both doses of vaccine or placebo. At 2 and 3 months after vaccination, homologous geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers were significantly higher in children who received either dose of vaccine compared with placebo recipients. Cumulative seroconversion to bovine rotavirus after either dose of vaccine virus was 87% at 6 months of age. Seroconversion was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in both vaccine groups compared with the placebo group. No ill effects were associated with vaccine administration. RIT 4237 vaccine appears to be safe and immunogenic when administered to young infants living in the United States.
Ovarian follicle populations and ovulation rates of Finnish Landrace cross ewes in different nutritional states and associated profiles of gonadotrophins, inhibin, growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I

Effects of ewe body condition and level of feed intake on ovarian follicle populations and ovulation rates were studied in three groups of 12 to 15 Finnish Landrace cross ewes. Ewes were fed to achieve target body condition scores of either 2.0 (low, LM) or 2.5 (moderate, MM) and then fed a complete pelleted ration for three weeks before study so that they maintained liveweight. Ewes of a third group were also fed to achieve condition scores of 2.5 and then fed ad libitum (MAL). Neither ewe body condition nor level of feed intake significantly affected either the number of large follicles (≥ 4 mm diameter) or the ovulation rate. The proportion of estrogenic follicles was lower in MM than LM ewes (0.77 vs. 0.96; P < 0.05), but there was no difference in this proportion between MAL and MM ewes. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in the follicular fluid were unaffected by ewe body condition or level of feed intake despite significant treatment differences in circulating concentrations. Inhibin concentrations were higher in estrogenic follicles of LM compared with MM ewes, and this difference was reflected in circulating profiles. Treatment differences in LH profiles were not associated with any difference in follicle populations or ovulation rate. There were no consistent treatment effects on FSH concentrations. It is concluded that the roles of inhibin and IGF-I in the control of follicle development cannot be adequately assessed on the basis of circulating concentrations alone and that there is a need to measure intrafollicular hormone profiles and associated effects on follicle physiology.
Departures from Multilateralism: Regionalism and Aggressive Unilateralism

Multilateralism can mean many things to many people. For instance, it may mean balancing trade multilaterally, at whatever level of payments deficit or surplus one desires, as distinct from insisting on bilateral balancing with specific countries: the latter constituting a folly and a temptation that few politicians can resist but most economists will run from. But the two characteristics of the GATT-based multilateral trading system that spring to mind most readily to scholars of international trade, and which therefore I focus on here are, first the principle of non-discrimination, which implies the extension of MFN (mostfavoured nation) treatment to all GATT members; and second the principle that balanced, mutual, reciprocal concessions, and acceptance of new disciplines, amounting to 'first difference' reciprocity (Bhagwati, I988), be the method for achieving progressive movement toward free trade. This would rule out the aggressive use of power to extract either unrequited trade concessions or acceptance of new disciplines, therefore shielding the weak against the strong who would otherwise, in bilateral one-on-one confrontations, have an advantage constrained only by altruism or conscience. These principles are stated in idealised form. In reality, however, the GATT permits departures from MFN for (i) countervailing duties against foreign subsidies (CVD) and as anti-dumping (AD) measures aimed only at the offending parties (Article VI);' (2) developing countries (Part IV) who get Special and Differential treatment such as preferentially lower tariffs in developed countries that are GATT members, and (3) customs unions and free trade areas (Article XXIV).2
The National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center Model for Long-Term Systems Change

The National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center was charged by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs from October 2001 through September 2006 to develop, ...
Furniture as Artifact: An Investigative Model

Issue: Furniture historians no longer are content with descriptions of furniture but are looking for ways to read or interpret these descriptions. Researchers recognize that both the generally accepted furniture icons and vernacular furniture can reveal valuable cultural insights. Emphasis now is on the significance of furniture beyond its stylistic attributes, utilitarian character, and commercial value. This significance rests largely in its ability to carry and communicate cultural meaning. Goal: A model was developed to provide the researcher with a multi-disciplinary, qualitative, and quantitative framework for data collection and analysis of furniture as it relates to cultural meaning. Application: Students of furniture history can utilize the model to explore the cultural meaning of a piece of furniture. This model can also be used by historical researchers as a framework for analysis of artifacts without documentation. Description: The model uses 6 topics of inquiry including material, construction, design, function, value, and provenance as a framework for investigating the artifact. The process of investigation involves direct, detailed, sensory observation of the artifact, followed by the gathering of supplementary data, interpretation of cultural symbols, and finally, creative speculation about its cultural meaning. Conclusions: Unique because it recognizes the iterative nature of data collection and data analysis, the model is structured to provide conceptual continuity necessary to the understanding of the rich cultural insights reflected by furniture.
Langley 20-inch hypersonic CF4 tunnel - A facility for simulating real-gas effects

The Langley hypersonic CF4 tunnel is described focusing on the basic components, instrumentation, and operational capabilities. This tunnel is the only operational hypersonic facility which simulates an important aspect of dissociative real-gas phenomena associated with the reentry of blunt vehicles, i.e., the increase in density ratio across a normal shock or the decrease in the ratio of specific heats (gamma) that occurs within the shock layer of the vehicle. Particular attention is given to detailed pilot-pressure surveys for a new axisymmetric Mach 6 nozzle which were measured at the nozzle exit and downstream of the exit for reservoir pressures from 100 to 2000 psia and reservoir temperatures from 1100 to 1350 R.
Evaluation of the liver and spleen in Hodgkin's disease. II. The value of splenic scintigraphy.

Abstract Forty-nine patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied. Exploratory laparotomy including needle and wedge liver biopsies were performed for staging purposes, and the pathologic condition of the liver was compared with the preoperative liver scans. In this group of patients, focal filling defects on the liver scintigraph were always associated with hepatic Hodgkin's disease, although this abnormality on the scintigraph occurred infrequently. A nonuniform uptake of radioactivity in the liver was the most common sign of liver disease, but this was not specific for Hodgkin's disease and was often associated with liver granulomas. Hodgkin's disease was never found in the liver biopsy specimens of the patients in this series in whom the liver scintigraph was normal. Laparotomy with liver biopsy remains the most specific means for staging abdominal Hodgkin's disease.
“Vapochromic” Compounds as Environmental Sensors. 2. Synthesis and Near-Infrared and Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of [Pt(arylisocyanide)4][Pt(CN)4] upon Exposure to Volatile Organic Compound Vapors

The synthesis, characterization, and vis−NIR−IR vapochromic/spectroscopic studies are reported for isocyanide compounds of the form [Pt(arylisocyanide)4][Pt(CN)4] (where arylisocyanide = p-CNC6H4CnH2n+1; n = 1, 6, 10, 12, 14). The dark blue, solid materials change color in the NIR (near-infrared) spectral region upon exposure to the ambient room-temperature vapor pressure of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At room temperature the PtPt compounds exhibit strong solid-state absorption and emission bands in the NIR region of the spectrum that are red-shifted from similar bands in the PtPd analogues; (n = 1, λmax abs = 744, λmax emit = 958; n = 6, λmax abs = 841, λmax emit = 910; n = 10, λmax abs = 746, λmax emit = 944; n = 12, λmax abs = 764, λmax emit = 912; n = 14, λmax abs = 690, λmax emit = 876 nm). The positions of these broad bands depend on the number of carbons in the alkyl substituent. The absorption and emission bands for the solid material (n = 10 compound) also exhibit a substantial red-shift u...
Aromatic Stacking in the Sugar Binding Site of the Lactose Permease

Major determinants for substrate recognition by the lactose permease of Escherichia coli are at the interface between helices IV (Glu126, Ala122), V (Arg144, Cys148), and VIII (Glu269). We demonstrate here that Trp151, one turn of helix V removed from Cys148, also plays an important role in substrate binding probably by aromatic stacking with the galactopyranosyl ring. Mutants with Phe or Tyr in place of Trp151 catalyze active lactose transport with time courses nearly the same as wild type. In addition, apparent Km values for lactose transport in the Phe or Tyr mutants are only 6- or 3-fold higher than wild type, respectively, with a comparable Vmax. Surprisingly, however, binding of high-affinity galactoside analogues is severely compromised in the mutants; the affinity of mutant Trp151→Phe or Trp151→Tyr is diminished by factors of at least 50 or 20, respectively. The results demonstrate that Trp151 is an important component of the binding site, probably orienting the galactopyranosyl ring so that impor...
SU-E-I-27: Effect of Focal Spot Choice on the System Performance of a High- Resolution Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) Detector.

Purpose: The generalized metrics of GMTF and GDQE were used to evaluate the effect of focal‐spot choice on system performance of the Micro‐ Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) imager with a geometric magnification common for neuro‐endovascular interventions. Methods: The MAF, a newly developed high‐resolution detector with very low instrumentation noise and large variable gain, was used for the study. It has 35‐micron pixels and a 500‐micron thick CsI HR‐type phosphor. The detectorMTF was measured using the slanted edge method and the focal spot MTF's were measured using a standard pin‐hole assembly. For the comparison analysis, the GMTF and GDQE were determined for three different focal spots (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm and, 0.8 mm) with a magnification factor of 1.25. A stainless‐ steel stent was also imaged with the same magnification for all three focal spots. Results: The MAF's performance is affected significantly by the choice of focal‐spot size because of its very high resolution. The GMTF and GDQE comparison for three focal spots showed significant degradation, increasing from small to large focal spot. The GMTF values were found to be 0.09, 0.05 and 0.01 at 5 cycles/mm for the small, medium and large focal spot, respectively. The corresponding values for GDQE were 0.1, 0.03 and 0.001. These results demonstrating the effect of choice of focal spot on the image quality are supported by line profiles obtained across the stent images.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the significance of focal‐spot size on system performance when using a high‐resolution detector with a realistic magnification and shows the importance of choosing the minimum focal‐spot size. (Support: NIH‐Grant R01EB002873) NIH Grants R01‐EB008425, R01‐EB002873 and an equipment grant from Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.
Stochastic models for haptic texture

Recent research in haptic systems has begun to focus on the generation of textures to enhance haptic simulations. Synthetic texture generation can be achieved through the use of stochastic modeling techniques to produce random and pseudo-random texture patterns. These models are based on techniques used in computer graphics texture generation and textured image analysis and modeling. The goal for this project is to synthesize haptic textures that are perceptually distinct. Two new rendering methods for haptic texturing are presented for implementation of stochastic based texture models using a 3 DOF point interaction haptic interface. The synthesized textures can be used in a myriad of applications, including haptic data visualization for blind individuals and overall enhancement of haptic simulations.
Countertransference love and theoretical model

The analyst's countertransference feelings of love, particularly sexual love, have been subject to minimal examination in the literature. In this era of expanding psychoanalytical models, it appears that some theories of therapeutic action lend themselves more to addressing such themes than do others. There is always considerable overlap among psychoanalytic models, although there are nonetheless some clear differences in the way countertransference affect is experienced, filtered, and utilized.
Toward Reprogramming Bacteria with Small Molecules and RNA

A major goal of synthetic biology is to reprogram bacteria to carry out complex tasks, such as synthesizing and delivering drugs, and seeking and destroying environmental pollutants. Advances in molecular biology and bacterial genetics have made it straightforward to modify, insert, or delete genes in many bacterial strains, and advances in gene synthesis have opened the door to replacing entire genomes. However, rewriting the underlying genetic code is only part of the challenge of reprogramming cellular behavior. A remaining challenge is to control how and when the modified genes are expressed. Several recent studies have highlighted how synthetic riboswitches, which are RNA sequences that undergo a ligand-induced conformational change to alter gene expression, can be used to reprogram how bacteria respond to small molecules.
Zero to Integration in Eight Months, the Dawn Ground Data System Engineering Challenge

The Dawn Project has presented the Ground Data System (GDS) with technical challenges driven by cost and schedule constraints commonly associated with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Discovery Projects. The Dawn mission consists of a new and exciting Deep Space partnership among: the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), manages the project and is responsible for flight operation; Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC), is the spacecraft builder and is responsible for flight system test and integration; and the University of California, at Los Angeles (UCLA), is responsible for science planning and operations. As a cost-capped mission, one of Dawn's implementation strategies is to leverage from both flight and ground heritage. OSC's ground data system is used for flight system test and integration as part of the flight heritage strategy. Mission operations, however, are to be conducted with JPL's ground system. The system engineering challenge of dealing with two heterogeneous ground systems emerged immediately. During the first technical interchange meeting between the JPL's GDS Team and OSC's Flight Software Team, August 2003, the need to integrate the ground system with the flight software was brought to the table. This need was driven by the project's commitment to enable instrument engineering model integration in a spacecraft simulator environment, for both demonstration and risk mitigation purposes, by April 2004. This paper will describe the system engineering approach that was undertaken by JPL's GDS Team in order to meet the technical challenge within a non-negotiable eight-month schedule. Key to the success was adherence to fundamental systems engineering practices: decomposition of the project request into manageable requirements; integration of multiple ground disciplines and experts into a focused team effort; definition of a structured yet flexible development process; definition of an in-process risk reduction plan; and aggregation of the intermediate products to an integrated final product. In addition, this paper will highlight the role of lessons learned from the integration experience. The lessons learned from an early GDS deployment have served as the foundation for the design and implementation of the Dawn Ground Data System.
Metasomatic products of the lunar magma ocean: The role of KREEP dissemination

The 'urKREEP' hypothesis of Warren and Wasson (1979) is extended by defining KREEP in terms of specific (i.e., constrained) lunar components. It is shown that, the presilicate liquid immiscibility (pre-SLI) composition can be obtained by recombining experimental data on KREEP basalt components, or by calculating from liquid-liquid Kd's. Both calculated urKREEP compositions were lower in MgO and Al2O3 and higher in FeO and P2O5 than reported low- and high-K KREEP compositions. The calculated REE abundances were higher and the REE profiles were slightly more LREE-enriched than the previously reported KREEP compositions.
Gauthier and the rationality of justice

L'A. etudie la definition que donne D. Gauthier de la disposition de chacun a une stricte conformite, c'est-a-dire a se contraindre a etre juste, dans le cadre de l'application de la theorie du jeu a la question de la rationalite de la justice, dont la definition pose un probleme de coordination au sein de la societe concue sur le modele de l'etat de nature de Locke, qui souleve a son tour le probleme de la generalisation d'une relation entre deux personnes a une coalition entre n personnes
A preliminary examination of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features.

The study provided a preliminary test of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features in a non-referred elementary aged sample of children. Consistent with dominant etiological models and recent behavioral genetics research, a direct association was expected between maternal and child affective features of psychopathy (i.e., callous–unemotional or CU traits). Potential mediators representative of alternative transmission mechanisms were assessed including parenting dysfunction, parental hostility/interpersonal insensitivity, and child impulsivity. Behavioral features of psychopathy were also assessed and were predicted to bear weaker and more indirect parent–child associations. A mixed sex sample of 83 children accompanied by a biological mother were administered a multi-informant rating-scale battery including separate parent (i.e., Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale) and child (i.e., Antisocial Process Screening Device) measures of psychopathy. Consistent with prediction, a significant association was documented between maternal and child CU traits (r=.22). Additionally, a slightly weaker association and statistical trend (r=.21) was observed in the relation between maternal and child interpersonal features of the psychopathy construct. Contrary to prediction, all documented associations were fully mediated by parental hostility and parenting dysfunction. Given the preliminary nature of study findings, implications for developmental modeling and future intergenerational continuity research are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 33:14–25, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss; Inc.
The Russian Nation Imagined: The Peoples of Russia as Seen in Popular Imagery, 1860s–1890s

This essay traces changing representations of ethnic Russians and other peoples of the empire in popular prints (lubok), illustrated weeklies, and the art of the Itinerants (Peredvizhniki) from the 1860s through the 1890s. The author describes the role of the expanding print culture in an emergent Russian national identity. After 1861, cheerful images of Russian common people in popular prints and weekly magazines clashed with elite artists’ and writers’ stress on peasants’ noble suffering. During the next three decades, however, images in all three lenses converged to form a positive view of ordinary ethnic Russians, particularly peasants. Similarly, negative stereotypes of non-Russian nationalities in illustrated magazines in 1860s gave way in the 1880s and 1890s to positive views of a multiethnic nation.
Pharmacokinetics and dose-range finding toxicity of a novel anti-HIV active integrase inhibitor

Integration of viral DNA into human chromosomal DNA catalyzed by HIV integrase represents the "point of no return" in HIV infection. For this reason, HIV integrase is considered a crucial target in the development of new anti-HIV therapeutic agents. We have discovered a novel HIV integrase inhibitor 1, that exhibits potent antiviral activity and a favorable metabolism profile. This paper reports on the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of compound 1 and the relevance of these findings with respect to further development of this integrase-targeted antiviral agent. Oral administration of compound 1 in Sprague Dawley rats revealed rapid absorption. Drug exposure increased with increasing drug concentration, indicative of appropriate dose-dependence correlation. Compound 1 exhibited suitable plasma half-life, extensive extravascular distribution and acceptable bioavailability. Toxicity studies revealed no compound-related clinical pathology findings. There were no changes in erythropoietic, white blood cell or platelet parameters in male and female rats. There was no test-article related change in other clinical chemistry parameters. In addition, there were no detectable levels of bilirubin in the urine and there were no treatment-related effects on urobilinogen or other urinalysis parameters. The preclinical studies also revealed that the no observed adverse effect level and the maximum tolerated dose were both high (>500mg/kg/day). The broad and significant antiviral activity and favorable metabolism profile of this integrase inhibitor, when combined with the in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data and their pharmacological relevance, provide compelling and critical support for its further development as an anti-HIV therapeutic agent.
Elicitation of distinct populations of monoclonal antibodies specific for the variable domains of monoclonal anti-fluorescein antibody 4-4-20

Armenian hamsters were immunized with non-liganded, partially liganded or affinity-labeled anti-fluorescein Mab 4-4-20. Seventeen hybridoma producing monoclonal anti-4-4-20 antibodies were characterized from chemically-mediated fusions of immune hamster lymphocytes with murine Sp2/O-Agl4 myeloma cells. Distinct populations of anti-4-4-20 monoclonal antibodies were isolated from hamsters receiving immunizations with partially liganded Mab 4-4-20 relative to those receiving affinity-labeled 4-4-20. Two of the three monoclonal antibodies produced in response to partially liganded 4-4-20 were inhibited in their interaction with 4-4-20 by fluorescyl ligand. These two clones, 1F4 and 1B7, recognized unique epitopes on the 4-4-20 molecule, as demonstrated by non-reactivity with members of the 4-4-20 idiotype family. Additionally, 1F4 and 1B7 demonstrated the ability to delay the association of fluorescein with Mab 4-4-20. The 14 characterized non-ligand-inhibitable Mabs elicited to affinity-labeled 4-4-20 were classified into four separate groups based on various binding properties with members of the 4-4-20 idiotype family and binding to resolved H- and L-chains in a western blot. Members of three of the four groups showed strong reactivity with both 04-01 Ig and 04-01 SCA, which utilizes the same L-chain as Mab 4-4-20. Six non-ligand-inhibitable Mabs, 4A6, P1E11, 3A5-1, 2C3, 2C4, and 1A4, delayed the dissociation rate of ligand from Mab 4-4-20 and mutant 4-4-20 SCA L32phe.
TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND EASTERN VERSUS WESTERN BELIEF SYSTEMS OF A U. S. A. SAMPLE

The Type A behavior paaern which correlates with cardiac proneness was hypothesized (1) and continuing research supports their contention that the Type A behavior pattern is positively related to high blood pressure and the development of coronary heart disease (6). This study examined the Type A behavior pattern in relation to individual belief system. Glass (4) hypothesized the Type A individual as rigidly internalizing Western emphasis on hard work, competition, and mastery of the environment. Matsumoto (5) hypothesized that the lower incidence of coronary heart disease in Japan might be accounted for by the different cultural belief system. This study examined empirically the theoretical position (4, 5) that belief systems, Westernness and Easternness, correlate with Type A behavior patterns.
The Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale.

Nursing home patients frequently have serious disturbances of behavior that can lead to use of chemical or physical restraints. To support research into better management of these problems, we developed the Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale (NHBPS), a 29-item inventory of serious behavior problems designed to be completed by nurses and nursing assistants. NHBPS scores were obtained for two samples of nursing home residents: 431 in Tennessee and 122 in Texas. The interrater correlation was .754 in the Tennessee sample and .827 in the Texas sample. The NHBPS had a correlation of -.747 with the NOSIE scale and .911 with the CMAI. There was a pronounced association of increased NHBPS scores with mental impairment and use of sedative drugs or restraints. These data suggest the NHBPS is a useful research instrument for measuring serious behavior problems in nursing home residents.
Modeling of crack tip high inertia zone in dynamic brittle fracture

Abstract A phenomenological modification is proposed to the existing cohesive constitutive law of Roy and Dodds to model the crack tip high inertia region proposed by Gao. The modification involves addition of a term which is attributed to fracture mechanisms that result in high energy dissipation around the crack tip. This term is assumed to be a function of external energy per unit volume input into the system. Finite element analysis is performed on PMMA with constant velocity boundary conditions and mesh discretizations based on the work of Xu and Needleman. The cohesive model with the proposed dissipative term is only applied in the high inertia zone and the traditional Roy and Dodds model is applied on cohesive elements in the rest of the domain. The results show that crack propagates in three phases with a speed of 0.35cR before branching, confirming experimental observations. The modeling of high inertia zone is one of the key aspects to understanding brittle fracture.
Observation of unprotonated ammonia cluster ions generated via multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry

We have studied ammonia cluster ions utilizing multiphoton ionization and a reflection time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The observed intensity distributions of {NH3}+n and {NH3}+n/{NH3}n−1H+ indicate that the formation of protonated ammonia cluster ions is due to a fast intracluster proton transfer reaction following ionization, similar to that which occurs in single photon ionization.
Cooperative Control and Consensus Building for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles Organizers

The increasing power of computational resources makes possible the development of autonomous control systems that are capable of dealing with the complex task of path planning in dynamic and uncertain environments. Autonomous vehicles have applications in military operations, search and rescue, environment monitoring, commercial cleaning, material handling, and homeland security. While single vehicles performing solo missions will yield some benefits, greater benefits will come from the cooperation of teams of vehicles. One motivation for multiple autonomous vehicles is to achieve the same gains for mechanically controlled systems as has been gained in distributed computation. Rather than having a single monolithic (and therefore expensive and complicated) machine do everything, the hope is that many inexpensive, simple machines, can achieve the same or enhanced functionality, through coordination. There are numerous applications for cooperative control of multiple autonomous vehicles including space-based interferometry, future autonomous combat systems, autonomous household appliances, enhanced surveillance systems, hazardous material handling systems, and active reconfigurable sensing systems. The purpose of this workshop is overview the state of the art research in cooperative control of multiple autonomous vehicles. The presenters have been actively involved in this area over the past several years. Throughout the workshop the presenters will demonstrate both theoretical and experimental results in cooperative control. In particular, formation and non-formation type cooperative control problems will be introduced. Distributed consensus algorithms and their applications in multi-vehicle coordination will be presented. Recent research in autonomy and cooperation for small unmanned air vehicles will be presented.
Models for dispersal of vapors in open and confined spaces: Applications to sex pheromone trapping in a warehouse

Methods are presented for mathematically determining dispersal of a vapor in still air, in turbulent air of zero average velocity, and in turbulent or laminar air currents of constant, nonzero average velocity. The methods are combined with several assumptions about insect behavior to derive an insect attraction model that predicts: (1) In a warehouse a searching insect is likely to be attracted to a calling insect if it comes within an attraction sphere, 0.4–2.5 m in radius. (2) The attraction spaces of typical sex pheromone-baited traps that emit pheromone at rates greater than 0.01 ng/sec extend beyond the boundaries of a 10 × 10 × 10-m warehouse. (3) The searching behavior of an attracted insect is likely to be altered from an extensive to an intensive pattern if it comes within an altered-behavior sphere, 6–60 cm from a calling insect or within 10 m of a trap emitting 0.76 ng/sec. (4) Pheromone does not sink unless it is emitted along with a large amount of a high-vapor pressure solvent. The model is used in support of several hypotheses, including: (1) The effect of an adsorptive surface on the vapor concentration after an extended period of emission is negligible except at positions near the surface. (2) Sex pheromone-baited traps with sources of small dimensions have greater trapping efficiency than otherwise identical traps with sources of large dimensions.
Characterizing a Drug’s Primary Binding Site on Albumin

Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors can be used to directly measure the binding of small molecules to albumin. We studied 12 drugs with different molecular masses and affinities for albumin to illustrate the benefits of the technology. To examine both high- and low-affinity sites on the protein, each drug was assayed across a 10,000-fold concentration range. The affinity constants determined from the biosensor assay corresponded with affinities determined by other methods. We expanded the utility of the biosensor technology by developing protocols to characterize drug displacement from albumin. Finally, we also compared how a representative panel of drugs bound albumins from 14 species. The results illustrate how biosensors can provide detailed information about the identification and affinity of a drug's primary binding site on albumin.
On fatigue crack growth in a Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr alloy with metastable β-phase

Abstract Fatigue crack growth behavior has been examined in a Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr alloy, for two different levels of β-phase metastability. The resistance to fatigue crack growth appears to be marginally enhanced with the presence of metastable β-phase in a microstructure also containing some primary α-phase (~30 pct) of high aspect ratio. This enhancement appears slightly greater for β-phase water quenched from 899°C, than as more slowly cooled in helium from this same solution treatment temperature, at approximately an air-cooling rate. In the case of the former, nearly full retention of solute in the β-phase is apparent, while in the latter, significant precipitation of secondary α-phase is evident in thin-foil transmission electron micrographs.
Numerical simulation of heat generation during the back grinding process of silicon wafers

The optimization of grinding parameters for silicon wafers is necessary in order to increase the reliability of electronic packages. Grinding is a mechanical process performed on silicon wafers during which heat is generated. The amount of heat generated affects the reliability of the wafer, and implicitly that of the final product. This paper describes the work performed to simulate the heat generated during a back grinding process for silicon wafers using the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The grinding of a silicon wafer with a thickness of 60 μm mounted on a carrier wafer using bond adhesive material was simulated. The heat generated is caused by the friction between the grinding wheel and the backside of the silicon wafer. The computed temperature change due to friction in the wafer was compared with experimental and numerical values, and showed a good correlation. The numerical model developed can be used to better understand the local grinding temperature in the wafers and to estimate the effect of the grinding parameters on the temperature rise.
Contributions of optical-waveguide manufacturing variations to joint loss

The contributions of manufacturing variations in optical-waveguide core diameter, numerical aperture and refractive-index profile exponent to loss in splices and connections are investigated by computer simulation. Expressions allowing predictions of loss from a knowledge of fibre population parameters are developed.
Does childhood sexual abuse victimization translate into juvenile sexual offending? New evidence

The cycle of violence thesis posits that early exposure to maltreatment increases the likelihood of later maladaptive and antisocial behaviors. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) specifically has been shown to increase the likelihood of sexual offending, although less is known about its linkages to other forms of crime. Based on data from 2,520 incarcerated male juvenile offenders from a large southern state, hierarchical logistic regression models suggested that CSA increased the likelihood of later sexual offending nearly sixfold (467% increase). However, CSA was associated with an 83% reduced likelihood of homicide offending and 68% reduced likelihood of serious person/property offending. These findings suggest further support for the cycle of violence where CSA promotes sexual offending but novel findings regarding the linkages between CSA and other forms of crime. Language: en
Thermodynamic consideration of the ion transporting antibiotics.

Abstract A model transport system has been constructed in which nigericin or valinomycin and related antibiotics will catalyze the translocation of ions between aqueous solutions. Equations for the equilibrium distributions of ions have been derived from the Gibbs-Duhem equation, and are in reasonable agreement with the observed distributions. The observed transport behavior is consistent with the molecular structure of the antibiotics from X-ray crystallography.