cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A combination of potential reduction steps and steepest descent steps for solving convex programming problems

This paper studies the possibility of combining interior point strategy with a steepest descent method when solving convex programming problems, in such a way that the convergence property of the interior point method remains valid but many iterations do not request the solution of a system of equations. Motivated by this general idea, we propose a hybrid algorithm which combines a primal–dual potential reduction algorithm with the use of the steepest descent direction of the potential function. The complexity of the potential reduction algorithm remains valid but the overall computational cost can be reduced. Our numerical experiments are also reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wisdom won from illness: the psychoanalytic grasp of human being.

From its inception psychoanalysis claimed not merely to be an effective therapy for psychological suffering, but to shed light on the human condition. But what kind of insight does psychoanalysis o...
Tamoxifen Chemoprevention Treatment and Time to First Diagnosis of Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer

for the placebo arm and 51 months for the treatment arm). Times to diagnosis of ER-negative tumors, however, differed between treatment groups, with median times to diagnosis of 36 months in the placebo arm vs 24 months in the tamoxifen arm (difference = 12 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3 to 17 months, P = .037). ER-negative breast cancers in the tamoxifen arm were more likely than those in the placebo arm to be detected by mammography than by clinical breast examination alone after adjustment for age and tumor size, but the increase was only marginally statistically significant (odds ratio for mammography detection = 4.68, 95% CI = 0.86 to 25.32, P = .073). No differences were found in the mammography detection rates for ER-positive tumors by treatment arm. Conclusion Although tamoxifen treatment does not reduce the incidence of ER-negative breast cancer, it may have advanced detection of such tumors by approximately 1 year, compared with that in the placebo arm. The time to diagnosis of ER-positive breast cancer was similar in both treatment arms.
Source Localization in Sensor Networks with Rayleigh Faded Signals

Source localization is investigated for a sensor network with passive sensors. The signal emitted by the source endures Rayleigh fading during its propagation, and its average intensity is a function of the distance from the source. Maximum likelihood (ML) source location estimators that use the output, or its quantized version, of the non-coherent receiver is proposed. The ML estimators' Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) are derived. Due to the fading effect, the proposed estimator's performance is degraded, compared to the ideal case without fading. However, it can still accurately estimate the source's position and intensity, and achieve its CRLB with relatively small amount of resources, namely small number of observations, sensors and quantization bits.
Mapping the digital empire: Google Earth and the process of postmodern cartography:

The process of cartography and the ideological problems that accompany this process has taken on new significance in the digital age with the proliferation of digital maps and geographic information systems such as Google Earth. This study begins by analyzing the history of digital mapping and its connection to an indexical, ontological reality. I demonstrate how Google Earth, by incorporating a social network that engages users as embodied interactors rather than disembodied voyeurs, is able to present user-generated content and dialog spatially on the very object that such content critiques. Ultimately, this study argues for ways that users can recontextualize and subvert ‘master representations’ of visual media within the authorial structure rather than re-authoring the existing software and structures.
A note from the President

In August of 2011, celebrating the International Year of Chemistry, the forthcoming ICBIC15 will be hosted in Vancouver, playing an important role in convening the biggest crowd ever to discuss the topic of metal ions in biological sciences. Under the auspices of SBIC, complex problems in this field will be discussed in a unique multidisciplinary way that is of worldwide interest. As an example, our colleagues from Spain are carrying out a number of initiatives in this research area in 2011 and extending to 2012. The Bioinorganic Spanish Group met recently in Aguilas (Murcia), and by the end of the year Barcelona will host the 11th International Symposium in Applied Bioinorganic Chemistry (ISABC). In addition, Granada will organize the EUROBIC11 next year, and the 40th International Conference in Coordination Chemistry (ICCC) will be held in Valencia in 2012. The visibility of these activities has important consequences for make the community come alive, attracting new members. Also, the ability to teach students interested in metal in biology is more and more necessary in order to increase the implementation of this expertise in the private sector and to garner the interest and recognition of the general public and opinion makers/media about our community’s ongoing contributions to science. The SBIC (through its members) performs a crucial service, and we must be increasingly inventive in terms of launching new programs and activities for training as well as diffusing knowledge and competencies in bioinorganic chemistry related sciences. We hope to see you all in Vancouver.
A novel small-subunit ribosomal protein of yeast mitochondria that interacts functionally with an mRNA-specific translational activator.

Abstract Mitochondrial translation of the mRNA encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (coxIII) specifically requires the action of three position activator proteins encoded in the nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Some mutations affecting one of these activators, PET122, can be suppressed by mutations in an unlinked nuclear gene termed PET123. PET123 function was previously demonstrated to be required for translation of all mitochondrial gene products. We have now generated an antibody against the PET123 protein and have used it to demonstrate that PET123 is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit. PET123 appears to be present at levels comparable to those of other mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, and its accumulation is dependent on the presence of the 15S rRNA gene in mitochondria. Taken together with the previous genetic data, these results strongly support a model in which the mRNA-specific translational activator PET122 works by directly interacting with the small ribosomal subunit to promote translation initiation on the coxIII mRNA.
Histiocytic sarcoma after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a common clonal origin.

Cases associated with malignant leukaemia or lymphoma and other neoplasms have been reported, but the nature of this association has not been established. We describe a patient who developed histiocytic sarcoma while on maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We show identical gene rearrangements in the original leukaemic blasts and the subsequent histiocyticsarcoma cells, confirming a common
Speeding up web service composition with volatile external information

Existing methods for composing Web services assume that compositions are fixed. However, in practice, service environments are often volatile and parameters of participating services may change during the composition. This paper introduces a novel method for composing Web services in the presence of external volatile information. Our approach, which we call the informed-presumptive is compared to previous state-of-the-art approaches for Web service composition in volatile environments. We show empirically that the informed-presumptive strategy produces compositions in significantly less time than the other strategies with lesser backtracks.
Ethnicity as Cognition

This article identi¢es an incipient and largely implicit cognitive turn in the study of ethnicity, and argues that it can be consolidated and extended by drawing on cognitive research in social psychology and anthropology. Cognitive perspectives pro- vide resources for conceptualizing ethnicity, race, and nation as perspectives on the world rather than entities in the world, for treating ethnicity, race, and nationalism together rather than as separate sub¢elds, and for re-specifying the old debate between primordialist and circumstantialist approaches.
Interdependence of calcium and cobalamin binding by wild-type and mutant BtuB protein in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The binding of calcium and cobalamin to outer membranes from cells of Escherichia coli that contained amplified levels of wild-type or mutant btuB was studied. The mutant (BBam50) had an aspartyl-prolyl dipeptide inserted after the original 50th amino acid residue of the mature BtuB protein, which is within a region that shows extensive homology with the ferric siderophore receptors. This insertion resulted in cleavage of the BtuB in two places. The larger form retained the insertion but had lost 11 amino acid residues from the amino terminus. The smaller form was cut at the insertion site. Both the wild-type protein and the larger form of mutant BtuB showed calcium-dependent cobalamin binding with the same affinity for cobalamin, although the mutant had a much lower affinity for calcium. The smaller form of the mutant BtuB protein had a greatly reduced affinity for cobalamin, which was probably the result of inactivation of the cobalamin-dependent calcium-binding site. Cobalamin-dependent calcium binding was measured in wild-type BtuB preparations and was found to have the same corrinoid specificity and response to various corrinoid concentrations as shown previously for cobalamin binding. The results are consistent with a role for calcium in the cobalamin pump of the outer membrane of E. coli and show that a conserved part of the BtuB protein is required for the cobalamin-dependent binding of calcium.
Prevention of TGFβ induction attenuates angII-stimulated vascular biglycan and atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice

Angiotensin II (angII) accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether TGFβ is required for angII-induced atherosclerosis. Ldlr-null mice fed a normal chow diet were infused with angII or saline for 28 days. A single injection of TGFβ neutralizing antibody 1D11 (2 mg/kg) prevented angII-induction of TGFβ1 levels, and strikingly attenuated angII-induced accumulation of aortic biglycan content. To study atherosclerosis, mice were infused with angII or saline for 4 weeks, and then fed Western diet for a further 6 weeks. 1D11 had no effect on systolic blood pressure or plasma cholesterol; however, angII-infused mice that received 1D11 had reduced atherosclerotic lesion area by 30% (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that angII induced both lipid retention and accumulation of biglycan and perlecan which colocalized with apoB. 1D11 strikingly reduced the effect of angII on biglycan but not perlecan. 1D11 decreased total collagen content (P < 0.05) in the lesion area without changing plaque inflammation markers (CD68 and CD45). Thus, this study demonstrates that neutralization of TGFβ attenuated angII stimulation of biglycan accumulation and atherogenesis in mice, suggesting that TGFβ-mediated biglycan induction is one of the mechanisms underlying angII-promoted atherosclerosis.
A survey of thermal-electric feedback coefficients in GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors

Abstract We measure the thermal-electric feedback coefficients of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) grown by various sources and designed with various epitaxial structures. These HBTs include Npn GaInP/GaAs, Npn graded AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs, Npn abrupt AlGaAs/GaAs and Pnp AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. Despite the drastic difference in the HBTs under investigation, the measured thermal-electric feedback coefficients are not significantly different.
Classifying Fruit Fly Early Embryonic Developmental Stage Based on Embryo In situ Hybridization Images

In this paper, we present a supervised classification system for sorting Drosophila embryonic in situ hybridization (ISH) images according to their developmental stages. The proposed system first segments the embryo from an image and registers it for subsequent texture feature extraction. In order to extract the most distinguishing features for classifying developmental stages, we identify several areas of interest in an embryo with peculiar traits. Gabor filter is applied on these areas to extract texture features and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then performed on the extracted features to reduce dimensionality while retaining significant information. We adopt multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier that learns model parameters from the training examples and classifies new examples with the trained model. We evaluate the system performance by comparing it to existing algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves good performance in classifying Drosophila embryonic developmental stages and outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Moderating effects of Cluster B Personality Traits on Violence Reduction Training A Mixed-Model Analysis

Cognitive behavioral therapies have positive effects on anger and aggression; however, individuals differ in their response to treatment. The authors previously found that dynamic factors, such as increases in readiness to change, are associated with enhanced outcomes for violence reduction training. This study investigated how less dynamic factors, specifically Cluster B personality traits, moderate the effects of violence reduction training. The authors used mixed modeling to fit growth curves to 14 weeks of anger strategies data and evaluated whether the presence of Cluster B traits affected pretreatment anger levels and rates of change. As expected, overall levels of negative anger strategies decreased across the 14-week treatment. Participants with antisocial, borderline, and histrionic personality features reported higher rates of negative anger strategies, whereas those with narcissistic personality features reported fewer negative anger strategies. Those with antisocial personality features improved at a rate similar to the overall trend of those without Cluster B traits. Those with borderline and histrionic features improved at an accelerated rate.
Bacteria induced shell disease of lobsters (Homarus americanus)

Chitin degrading species of bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Beneckea were cultured from the lesions of lobsters (Homarus americanus) with a shell disease. A species of bacterium of the genus Vibrio (Beneckea) produced necrosis characteristics of shell disease in experimental lobsters when the integument had been damaged prior to inoculation.
Influence of fO2 and cooling rate on the kinetics and energetics of Fe-rich basalt crystallization

Cooling rate and fO2 are each varied over several orders of magnitude in a matrix of 1-atm constant-rate cooling experiments using synthetic basalt. The modes and compositions of olivine, pyroxene and titanomagnetite are sensitive to oxygen fugacity (ranging from QFM −4 to QFM+5 log units), whereas their textures respond to the degree of undercooling as modulated by cooling rate (ranging from 2.8 to 231 °C h −1 ). Key results pertain to the trends in mineral composition, melt differentiation, and
A Latent Heat Retrieval and Its Effects on the Intensity and Structure Change of Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: The Algorithm and Observations

The release of latent heat in clouds is an essential part of the formation and I intensification o~hurricanes. The community knows very little about the intensity and structure of latent heating due largely to inadequate observations. In this paper, a new method for retrieving the latent heating field in hurricanes from airborne Dopple~ radar is presented and fields from rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997) are shown.
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of potatoes: Sugars and starch

Considerable evidence exists that both N and K influence potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields and quality. The impact of nutrients on tuber quality parameters under field conditions should be identified so optimum management practices can be utilized. We evaluated the N and K fertilization by K-sources effects on concentrations of nutrients, reducing sugars, sucrose and starch in the stem and apical tuber ends from two irrigated field experiments with the Russet Burbank cultivar. Nitrogen rates of 0,112, 224 or 336 kg ha−1 were combined with selected K rates of 0, 112, 224 or 448 kg ha−1 as either KCl or K2SO4 arranged as an incomplete factorial. A multiple linear regression model was fit to the data and used to predict the response surface for a complete factorial for each K-source. Nitrogen applications increased or decreased reducing sugars in the apical and stem ends, respectively. Potassium decreased reducing sugars in both tuber ends. Sucrose was higher in the apical end than in the stem end but was not appreciably affected by fertilizer treatment. Nitrogen and potassium applications reduced dry matter and starch concentrations in both tuber ends. Potassium had a smaller effect on the apical end when starch was expressed on a dry weight basis, indicating that increased water content was a factor in the K effect. Both N and K concentrations in the tuber ends were negatively related to starch concentrations, but the relationship was different for the apical and stem ends. Tuber Cl concentration indirectly affected starch concentrations in the stem end when KCL was applied. The K fertilization effect on specific gravity depended upon the K concentration in the harvested tuber and was independent of K fertilizer source. These data illustrate the effects of preplant N and K fertilization rates on final tuber quality parameters. Additional studies are needed to further define the effects of nutrient concentrations at different plant growth stages.
Low temperature theory for Bose-Einstein condensates

Summary form only given. The dilute gas experiments on the Bose-Einstein condensation of magnetically confined alkali vapors have already generated widespread interest across a broad spectrum of traditional fields of physics. They have provided an exciting stage on which to build bridges linking the theory of complex and collective phenomena in superconducting and superfluid systems with the single particle microscopic physics described in quantum optics and laser physics. The approach I discuss is based on a derivation of the quantum kinetic theory from first principles. Based on a microscopic picture of the weakly interacting bosonic gas, a generalized kinetic theory for a Markovian many-body density operator is derived. The density operator is functionally dependent on a few key variables, which must be carefully chosen. These quantities serve as master variables and determine the system's evolution on a coarse-grained time scale. The weak interactions allow a perturbative expansion of the evolution, from which kinetic equations that describe the dynamics of the expectation value of any single-time observable are obtained. The final structure of the theory has many analogies with the quantum theory of the laser, such as amplitude and phase noise for the macroscopic field, squeezing dynamics, and a nonlinear master equation describing the underlying evolution.
An SILAC quantification algorithm for LC-FTMS

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) [1] plays an important role in protein biomarker discovery based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Improvement in quantification accuracy in SILAC labeled LC-MS is needed for reliable biomarker discovery which has been plagued by high false-positive rates. In this paper, we consider various factors, such as interference, noise, and instrument suppression, that influence quantification accuracy, based on which we propose an algorithm with improved performance. Testing on samples with predefined heavy-to-light ratios, shows that our algorithm outperforms leading software by a significant margin in both measures of accuracy and precision.
Contact compression of self-assembled nano- and micro-scale pyramid structures on Au (100) surface

A process of self-assembly induced by electro-chemical etching was used to produce nano and micrometer scale pyramid-structures on (100) surfaces of gold. The pyramids grew in a self-similar fashion with the facets aligned in (114) plane. Using the unique characteristics of the selfsimilar pyramid structure, plastic compression of the pyramids by a flat-surface platen was performed to study length scale effects in the plastic deformation. A continuum limit analysis and a finite element simulation as well as molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to predict the deformation and load-displacement behavior of the pyramid compression. The limit analysis predicts that the load of compression is proportional to the square of the contact compression displacement. The continuum analysis provides estimation on the asymptotic behavior of the elastic-plastic load-deflection response of the pyramid under compression for a large value of displacement. The three dimensional molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to study the dislocation activities during the early stage of the pyramid. compression. Experiments were also carried out by pressing the pyramids with an atomically flat mica surface. The deformation of the compressed pyramid was measured using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The continuum analyses predict size independent values of the slope change of the pyramid facets near the contact edge, caused by plastic deformation. However, atomistic simulation predicts an opposite value of the slope change to the prediction of the continuum analyses. The AFM measurements of the slope change show size dependent transition from the prediction of the continuum analyses to that of the atomistic simulations. The transition data provide an apparent characteristic length of the size dependence of plastic deformation in a small volume. Molecular dynamics show that at very small length scale the size effect is strongly influenced by surface adhesion effects.
Spring Forward at Your Own Risk: Daylight Saving Time and Fatal Vehicle Crashes

Daylight Saving Time (DST) impacts over 1.5 billion people, yet many of its impacts on practicing populations remain uncertain. Exploiting the discrete nature of DST transitions and a 2007 policy change, I estimate the impact of DST on fatal automobile crashes. My results imply that from 2002-2011 the transition into DST caused over 30 deaths at a social cost of $275 million annually. Employing four tests to decompose the aggregate effect into an ambient light or sleep mechanism, I find that shifting ambient light only reallocates fatalities within a day, while sleep deprivation caused by the spring transition increases risk. (JEL I12, Q48, R41)
Intrahepatic Persistent Right Umbilical Vein and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current data surrounding an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein in the fetus, including associated anomalies and outcomes, and to assist practitioners in counseling and management of affected pregnancies. We performed a MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Northern Light database search for articles reporting outcomes on prenatally diagnosed cases of a persistent right umbilical vein. Each article was independently reviewed for eligibility by the investigators. Thereafter, the data were extracted and validated independently by 3 investigators. A total of 322 articles were retrieved, and 16 were included in this systematic review. The overall prevalence of an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein was found to be 212 per 166,548 (0.13%). Of the 240 cases of an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein identified, 183 (76.3%) were isolated. The remaining cases had a coexisting abnormality, including 19 (7.9%) cardiac, 9 (3.8%) central nervous system, 15 (6.3%) genitourinary, 3 (1.3%) genetic, and 17 (7%) placental/cord (predominantly a single umbilical artery). In summary, a persistent right umbilical vein is commonly an isolated finding but may be associated with a coexisting cardiac defect in 8% of cases. Therefore, consideration should be given to fetal echocardiography in cases of a persistent right umbilical vein.
Integrating the Teaching of Doctrine and Skills: An Example Intended to Stimulate Ideas for Your Own Class

This short piece is intended to generate ideas for integrating the teaching of skills in doctrinal classes. Simulating how lawyers use doctrine in practice can deepen students’ understanding of doctrine and stimulate thinking about their future professional roles.
Brain mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics in autonomic regulation of blood pressure: Significance in metabolic syndrome

selected for presentation 28.5 Exercise training (ET) in treadmill running reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats H. Farah, D. Farah, J. Nunes, C.A. Ogihara, E.M. Cafarchio, G. Giannoco, K. Angelis, M.C. Irigoyen, Vera Farah, M.A. Sato Dept. Morphology and Physiology, FMABC, Brazil Dept. Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology, Univ. Presb. Mackenzie, Brazil Dept. Physiology, Uninove, Brazil Dept. Physiology, Heart Institute, Brazil Dept. Biological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Background: Inflammation has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and the key point is the generation of ROS. Exercise can modulate medullary neurons involved in cardiovascular control. Aim: To evaluate the gene expression of antioxidant proteins against ROS and proteins involved in inflammatory process in commNTS and RVLM in rats submitted to ExT. Methods: Male Wistar rats (N = 7/group) were submitted to ExT in a treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk/10 wks) or maintained sedentary (Sed). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), neuroglobin (Ngb), Cytoglobin (Ctb), NADPH oxidase (Nox), cicloxigenase-2, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene expression was evaluated in commNTS and RVLM neurons by qPCR. Data are as mean ± EP (ΔΔCt comparative method, unpaired Student t-test, p b 0.05). Results: Gene expression of SOD in the commNTS (1.38 ± 0.13ExT vs. 0.90 ± 0.10Sed) and RVLM (1.43 ±0.11ExT vs. 1.00 ± 0.08Sed) and CAT in the commNTS (1.31 ±0.13ExT vs. 0.89 ± 0.10Sed) and RVLM (1.34 ± 0.09ExT vs. 1.00 ±0.08Sed) increased in ExT compared to Sed. Expression of Ngb (1.29 ±0.04ExT vs. 1.00 ± 0.07Sed) and Ctb (1.18 ± 0.02ExT vs. 1.02 ± 0.07Sed) increased in the RVLM in ExT. Expression of Nox decreased in the RVLM in ExT (0.55 ± 0.15 vs. 1.00 ± 0.08Sed). Cicloxigenase-2 reduced in the commNTS in ExT (0.39 ± 0.11 vs. 1.00 ± 0.15Sed) and RVLM in ExT (0.26 ± 002 vs. 0.97 ± 0.09Sed). Expression of nNOS diminished in ExT in the commNTS (0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 1.00 ±0.62Sed) and RVLM (0.38 ±0.08 vs. 0.97 ± 0.23Sed). Conclusion: Gene expression of proteins of the Abstracts / Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 192 (2015) 1–55 46
Linguistic warscapes of northern Mali

In this paper I show that public writing (and its effacement) during a recent period of crisis in northern Mali constituted a powerful tool by which various factions attempted to inscribe political hegemony on the linguistic warscapes of three cities: Gao, Kidal, and Timbuktu. The warscapes of these Saharan cities are linguistically complex: they are written in multiple languages, primarily French, Arabic and Tamasheq, and involve three different scripts, Latin, Arabic and Tifinagh, each of which is associated with a number of ideological stances. Within this context, linguistic warscape becomes more than the symbolic construction of the public space, it becomes symbolic control of the public space. The linguistic warscape of northern Mali stands in stark contrast to the linguistic soundscape which, in addition to Tamasheq, is dominated by languages that rarely or never appear in the LL. This paper shows that in multilingual, multigraphic contexts, LL can only be understood against the backdrop of an entire linguistic ecology and its regimes of literacy.
Obtaining optimized designs of multi-phase PMa-SynRM using lumped parameter model based optimizer

This paper focuses on multi-objective optimization of multi-phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM) using Lumped Parameter Model based Optimizer (LPO). Optimized PMa-SynRM are cost efficient compared to Interior Permanent Magnet Motor (IPM). Five-phase PMa-SynRMs offer lower torque ripple and higher fault tolerant capability. Depending on various industry application and their application environment, PMa-SynRMs should be customized with appropriate design specification including different current rating, torque ripple, converter cost, magnet cost and overall machine cost. The developed LPO can efficiently extract optimized multi-phase PMa-SynRM models from different design families through defined Objective Functions (OFs). To prove the accuracy of developed LPO for different OFs, four PMa-SynRM models have been obtained while minimizing torque ripple, phase current, machine cost, and magnet costs respectively. Finally, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of these models has been performed to validate accuracy of the LPO by comparing predicted performances through LPO and FEA.
Giant Raman Response to the Encapsulation of Sulfur in Narrow Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Encapsulation of sulfur in HiPCO-SWNTs leads to large changes in the Raman spectra with the appearance of new peaks at 319, 395, and 715 cm–1 which originate from the sulfur species within the SWNTs, while the high frequency SWNT bands (ν > 1200 cm–1) are decreased in intensity. The encapsulated species also shifts the near-IR interband electronic transitions to lower energy by more than 10%. These effects seem to originate with the van der Waals interaction of the confined sulfur species with the walls of the SWNTs which are not expected to be significant in the case of the previously studied large diameter SWNTs. We suggest that sulfur in the small diameter SWNTs exists as a helical polymeric sulfur chain that enters the SWNT interior in the form of S2 (3Σg–) molecules which undergo polymerization to linear diradicals.
TX14(A), a Prosaposin-Derived Peptide, Reverses Established Nerve Disorders in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats and Prevents Them in Galactose-Fed Rats

Recently, TX14(A), a prosaposin-derived neurotrophic peptide, was shown to prevent both large and small fiber deficits in streptozotocin diabetes. Here, the efficacy of TX14(A) in reversing established nerve conduction disorders in streptozotocin diabetes, a model of insulin deficiency, and preventing them in galactose feeding, an insulin-replete model of polyol pathway flux, was investigated. Following streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg ip), TX14(A) treatment (1 mg/kg ip thrice weekly) was initiated in half of the animals. After 8 wk, treatment was begun in half of the untreated animals and discontinued in half of the treated animals, and the experiment continued for 6 wk. TX14(A) reversed established motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and the impact of previous treatment was still evident 3 wk after withdrawal. With the onset of 40% galactose feeding, the same dose of TX14(A) was given to half of the control and half of the galactose-fed animals for 16 wk. TX14(A) was without effect in control animals but it attenuated motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits in galactose-fed rats, an effect associated with amelioration of axonal dwindling in the sciatic nerve. These observations extend the therapeutic utility of TX14(A) and highlight its potential in treating established diabetic neuropathy.
Some Equationally Complete Algebras

(1977). Some Equationally Complete Algebras. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 544-548.
Optimal HEVC encoding based on GOP configurations

The emergence of HEVC software implementations allows for several different encoding options. Unfortunately, there is no established method for selecting optimal encoding configurations. The current paper proposes the use of a multi-objective optimization framework for selecting optimal encodings that can be subsequently used for solving constrained optimization problems in quality, bitrate, and encoding time. The proposed optimization framework is used to select optimal configurations from 3,600 possibilities based on GOP configurations and other relevant HEVC software options. We demonstrate our approach using the x265 encoder with examples from the UT LIVE video quality database and a standard 2K video example. The results demonstrate the success of the proposed approach by selecting optimal configurations and eliminating several suboptimal encodings.
Band Selection for Hyperspectral Images Using Non-Negativity Constraints

This paper presents a new factorization technique for hyperspectral signal processing based on a constrained singular value decomposition (SVD) approach. Hyperpectral images typically have a large number of contiguous bands that are highly correlated. Likewise the field of view typically contains a limited number of materials and the spectra are also correlated. Only a selected number of bands, the extreme bands that include the dominant materials spectral signatures, are needed to express the data. Factorization can provide a means for interpretation and compression of the spectral data. Hyperspectral images are represented as non-negative matrices by graphic concatenation, with the pixels arranged into columns and each row corresponding to a spectral band. SVD and principal component analysis enjoy a broad range of applications, including, rank estimation, noise reduction, classification and compression, with the resulting singular vectors forming orthogonal basis sets for subspace projection techniques. A key property of non-negative matrices is that their columns/rows form non-negative cones, with any non-negative linear combination of the columns/rows belonging to the cone. Data sets of spectral images and time series reside in non-negative orthants and while subspaces spanned by SVD include all orthants, SVD projections can be constrained to the non-negative orthants. In this paper we utilize constraint sets that confine projections of SVD singular vectors to lie within the cones formed by the spectral data. The extreme vectors of the cone are found and these vectors form a basis for the factorization of the data. The approach is illustrated in an application to hyperspectral data of a mining area collected by an airborne sensor.
Twenty-Four-Hour Four-Channel Esophagopharyngeal pH Monitored Via Satellite Esophageal pH Laboratories or by a Small Autonomous System

In 1986 we introduced 24-h four-channel esophagopharyngeal pH monitoring (Fig. 1) to document the cephalad transport of refluxate through the esophagus into the pharynx [1]. This latter technique helps elucidate reflux-related clinical problems of the esophagus and pharynx and opens the area to unique research possibilities. The following brief report describes the clinical application of the two configurations of our ambulatory, long-term, four-channel, cost-effective, esophagopharyngeal pH system: the AESOP system.
18F-FDG PET in Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have both been associated with occipital lobe hypometabolism on 18F-FDG PET, whereas relative sparing of posterior cingulate metabolism compared with precuneus/cuneus (i.e., cingulate island sign) is a feature of DLB. We aimed to determine whether patterns of hypometabolism or the cingulate island sign differed between PCA and DLB. Methods: Sixteen clinically diagnosed PCA and 13 probable DLB subjects underwent 18F-FDG PET. All PCA subjects showed β-amyloid deposition on PET scanning. Regional hypometabolism was assessed compared with a control cohort (n = 29) using voxel- and region-level analyses in statistical parametric mapping. A ratio of metabolism in the posterior cingulate to precuneus plus cuneus was calculated to assess the cingulate island sign. In addition, the 18F-FDG PET scans were visually assessed to determine whether the cingulate island sign was present in each subject. Results: PCA and DLB showed overlapping patterns of hypometabolism involving the lateral occipital lobe, lingual gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, inferior parietal lobe, supramarginal gyrus, striatum, and thalamus. However, DLB showed greater hypometabolism in the medial occipital lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior temporal lobe, and caudate nucleus than PCA, and PCA showed more asymmetric patterns of hypometabolism than DLB. The cingulate island sign was present in both DLB and PCA, although it was more asymmetric in PCA. Conclusion: Regional hypometabolism overlaps to a large degree between PCA and DLB, although the degree of involvement of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes and the presence of asymmetry could be useful in differential diagnosis.
Treatment Intensification for Hypertension in US Ambulatory Medical Care

Background Hypertension is widely prevalent yet remains uncontrolled in nearly half of US hypertensive adults. Treatment intensification for hypertension reduces rates of major cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality, but clinical inertia remains a notable impediment to further improving hypertension control. This study examines the likelihood and determinants of treatment intensification with new medication in US ambulatory medical care. Methods and Results Using the nationally representative National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005–2012) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005–2011), we identified adult primary care visits with diagnosed hypertension and documented blood pressure exceeding goal targets and assessed the weighted prevalence and odds ratios of treatment intensification by initiation or addition of new medication. Approximately 41.7 million yearly primary care visits (crude N: 14 064, 2005–2012) occurred among US hypertensive adults with documented blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, where treatment intensification may be beneficial. However, only 7.0 million of these visits (95% confidence interval 6.2–7.8 million) received treatment intensification with new medication, a weighted prevalence of 16.8% (15.8% to 17.9%). This proportion was consistently low and decreased over time. This decline was largely driven by decreasing medication initiation levels among patients on no previous hypertension medications from 31.8% (26.0% to 38.4%) in 2007 to 17.4% (14.0% to 21.4%) in 2012, while medication addition levels remained more stable over time. Conclusions US hypertensive adults received treatment intensification with new medication in only 1 out of 6 primary care visits, a fraction that is declining over time. A profound increase in intensification remains a vast opportunity to maximally reduce hypertension‐related morbidity and mortality nationwide.
Visceroatrial Situs in Congenital Heart Disease

The visceroatrial situs describes the laterality and relative position of viscera, including the cardiac atria, the tracheobronchial tree, and the abdominal viscera (Spindola-Franco H (1985) Abnormalities of the visceroatrial situs. In: Spindola-Franco H (ed) Radiology of the heart: cardiac imaging in infants, children and adults. Springer, New York/Berlin/Tokyo, pp 620–37). Visceroatrial situs abnormalities are associated with congenital heart disease (Tonkin and Tonkin, AJR Am J Roentgenol 138:509–515, 1982). Mild forms of situs abnormalities may remain undiagnosed and can be incidentally discovered in adults on imaging, while other situs abnormalities are associated with severe congenital anomalies, which are fatal early in life unless treated. Determination of the visceroatrial situs and bulboventricular loop predicts the probability and type of congenital heart disease (Hernanz-Schulman et al., AJR Am J Roentgenol 154:797–802, 1990).
DNA Self-Assembled Nanostructures for Resonance Energy Transfer Circuits

This chapter describes our work toward building a molecular-scale integrated circuit technology based on DNA self-assembly. Distinct from its purpose in biology, we co-opt DNA to fold nanoscale substrates onto which we pattern optically active molecules into networks, or circuits. Unlike conventional computing paradigms founded on the principles of electron currents in metals and semiconductors, we employ a quantum mechanical transport mechanism called resonance energy transfer (RET) to convey signals. However, circuits of any interest for computing have been difficult to demonstrate due to an enormous design space with many, many degrees of freedom. To overcome this challenge we have developed a methodology for the design of RET circuits implemented on DNA nanostructures. First, we describe the general principles of RET circuits and DNA self-assembly, our design methodology, and then we conclude with two working examples to highlight the potential of this new technology.
Complications of Gastric Bands

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a restrictive bariatric operation. The procedure involves the placement of a gastric band around the upper part of the stomach, just below the gastroesophageal junction. This device is adjustable, and the procedure is devoid of any resection—no staples used at all. The procedure is unique in the fact that it requires strict follow-up with subsequent “fills” of the band in order to attain the proper level of satiety. These fills are performed in the office with a non-coring Huber needle. A patient’s success with a LAGB is directly proportional to the patient’s ability to follow up and the surgeon’s availability to provide such follow-up.
Changing accessibility and connectivity from high-speed rail development in metropolitan China

Massive development of China's high-speed rail (HSR) network has resulted in unprecedented improvement in spatial accessibility. This paper uses the Yangtze River delta (YRD), one of the most popul...
Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Effect of Alkyl-Lysophospholipid on Bone Marrow and Leukemic Cells

Alkyl-lysophospholipids are antileukemic agents which selectively kill leukemic cells and spare normal bone marrow cells. Thus, they would be optimal agents for purging leukemic remission marrows prior to autotransplantation. Their site of action appears to be the cell membrane, but the exact mechanism is unknown. The sensitive cell line HL60 and a resistant cell line, K562, as well as normal bone marrow cells were incubated with or without 1-octadecyl-2-0-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine for 0, 2 and 4 hours at previously determined IC50 clonogenic doses and then prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The compound exerted no significant morphological changes on the resistant cell and on the normal bone marrow cells, but resulted in loss of villi and rugae and a tendency for cell fusion in the sensitive HL60 cell line as early as a two-hour exposure. These results indicate that cell surface changes occur early after exposure to the phospholipid analog and suggests that subsequent events are mediated through initial changes in the cell membrane.
Reforming Science Teacher Education with Cultural Reflection and Practice

As classrooms increasingly become more diverse, teacher education programs should include opportunities for open discussions and authentic implementation of culturally relevant teaching. This study explores how preservice teachers (PSTs) in a science content/methods class, use reading, reflecting and writing in an innovative sequence outlined a lesson plan called a Transformational Reading Exercise (TRE). TREs require that PSTs read culturally relevant literature, reflect on their reading, and write their reflective responses rather than simply summarizing the reading. The TRE is followed by guided class discussions and the intentional application of those concepts in authentic after-school teaching environments called Family Science Learning Events. At Family Science Learning Events (FSLEs), PSTs can transform their thinking about themselves, attending students and family members, becoming more interconnected, more interdependent, more conscious of other cultures. Data collection and analysis from this study includes qualitative data from PSTs TREs and FSLE reflections and quantitative data from pre-/post-surveys regarding the importance of teacher quality characteristics. Results show a significant increase in PSTs appreciating culturally relevant teaching pedagogy and changes in PSTs personal perceptions regarding culture. Recommendations include reforming education courses to include use of structured reading/reflecting/writing sequences with intentional, authentic venues that incorporate meaningful culturally relevant experiences. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.1.3
Ethical considerations on the complicity of psychologists and scientists in torture.

Introduction The long-standing debate on medical complicity in torture has overlooked the complicity of cognitive scientists—psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists—in the practice of torture as a distinct phenomenon. In this paper, we identify the risk of the re-emergence of torture as a practice in the USA, and the complicity of cognitive scientists in these practices. Methods We review arguments for physician complicity in torture. We argue that these defences fail to defend the complicity of cognitive scientists. We address objections to our account, and then provide recommendations for professional associations in resisting complicity in torture. Results Arguments for cognitive scientist complicity in torture fail when those actions stem from the same reasons as physician complicity. Cognitive scientist involvement in the torture programme has, from the outset, been focused on the outcomes of interrogation rather than supportive care. Any possibility of a therapeutic relationship between cognitive therapists and detainees is fatally undermined by therapists’ complicity with torture. Conclusion Professional associations ought to strengthen their commitment to refraining from engaging in any aspect of torture. They should also move to protect whistle-blowers against torture programmes who are members of their association. If the political institutions that are supposed to prevent the practice of torture are not strengthened, cognitive scientists should take collective action to compel intelligence agencies to refrain from torture.
How Theology Shaped Twentieth-Century Philosophy

Medieval theology had an important influence on later philosophy which is visible in the empiricisms of Russell, Carnap, and Quine. Other thinkers, including McDowell, Kripke, and Dennett, show how we can overcome the distorting effects of that theological ecosystem on our accounts of the nature of reality and our relationship to it. In a different philosophical tradition, Hegel uses a secularized version of Christianity to argue for a kind of human knowledge that overcomes the influences of late-medieval voluntarism, and some twentieth-century thinkers, including Benjamin and Derrida, instead defend a Jewish-influenced notion of the religious sublime. Frank B. Farrell analyzes and connects philosophers of different eras and traditions to show that modern philosophy has developed its practices on a terrain marked out by earlier theological and religious ideas, and considers how different philosophers have both embraced, and tried to escape from, those deep-seated patterns of thought.