cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of Airy’s stress function

Consider a tetrahedron, centroid P, of continuous material, isolated in thought from the material which surrounds it. Let the lengths of the edges be infinitesimal of order l.
Heated hatha yoga to target cortisol reactivity to stress and affective eating in women at risk for obesity-related illnesses: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Cortisol reactivity to stress is associated with affective eating, an important behavioral risk factor for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Yoga practice is related to decreases in stress and cortisol levels, thus emerging as a potential targeted complementary intervention for affective eating. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a heated, hatha yoga intervention for reducing cortisol reactivity to stress and affective eating. Method: Females (N = 52; ages 25-46 years; 75% White) at risk for obesity and related illnesses were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of Bikram Yoga practice or to waitlist control. Cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stress induction were measured at Weeks 0 (pretreatment) and 9 (posttreatment). Self-reported binge eating frequency and coping motives for eating were assessed at Weeks 0, 3, 6, and 9. Results: Among participants with elevated cortisol reactivity at pretreatment ("high reactors"), those randomized to the yoga condition evidenced greater pre- to posttreatment reductions in cortisol reactivity (p = .042, d = .85), but there were not significant condition differences for the "low reactors" (p = .178, d = .53). Yoga participants reported greater decreases in binge eating frequency (p = .040, d = .62) and eating to cope with negative affect (p = .038, d = .54). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of heated hatha yoga for treating physiological stress reactivity and affective eating among women at risk for obesity-related illnesses.
Chapter 2 – Viral Etiology of Paget’s Disease of Bone

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic focal skeletal disorder primarily characterized by increased bone resorption by excess osteoclasts in older adults. PDB is an autosomal dominant trait with genetic heterogeneity. Recurrent mutations in the UBA domain of SQSTM1/p62 have been identified in 5–10% PDB patients. Several other candidate genes at genetic loci are linked to PDB; however, no functional role is established. In recent years, significant progress has been made with respect to paramyxo-viral etiology of PDB. The expression of measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and canine distemper virus nucleocapsid antigens has been detected in pagetic osteoclasts; however, no infectious virus is isolated. Targeted expression of measles virus nucleocapsid protein in osteoclast lineage develops pagetic bone phenotype in mice. The declining prevalence and incomplete penetrance of the disease suggest that environmental factors such as paramyxo-viral infection play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDB. A cause and effect of paramyxo-viral infection and genetic predisposition in patients with PDB remains unclear. It is essential to define the molecular mechanisms underlying the late onset and focal nature of Paget’s disease.
Highlights in clinical autonomic neurosciences: Insights into the roles of the carotid body and carotid baroreceptor

The carotid body (CB) is themajor peripheral arterial chemoreceptor in mammals that mediates the acute hyperventilatory response to hypoxia. The CB grows in response to sustained hypoxia and also participates in acclimatization to chronic hypoxaemia. Knowledge of CB physiology at the cellular level has increased considerably in recent times thanks to studies performed on lower mammals, and rodents in particular. However, the functional characteristics of human CB cells remain practically unknown. The authors used tissue slices or enzymatically dispersed cells to determine the characteristics of human CB cells. The adult human CB parenchyma contains clusters of chemosensitive glomus (type I) and sustentacular (type II) cells as well as nestin-positive progenitor cells. This organ also expresses high levels of the dopaminotrophic glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). They found that GDNF production and the number of progenitor and glomus cells were preserved in the CBs of human subjects of advanced age. Moreover, glomus cells exhibited voltage-dependent Na(+), Ca(2+) and K(+) currents that were qualitatively similar to those reported in lower mammals. These cells responded to hypoxia with an external Ca(2+)-dependent increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) and quantal catecholamine secretion, as reported for other mammalian species. Interestingly, human glomus cells are also responsive to hypoglycaemia and together these two stimuli can potentiate each other's effects. The chemosensory responses of glomus cells are also preserved at an advanced age. These new data on the cellular and molecular physiology of the CB pave the way for future pathophysiological studies involving this organ in humans.
The pulmonary function laboratory.

SUMMARY The pulmonary function laboratory is essential for evaluating patients with respiratory complaints and disorders. Lung function tests are widely used to detect evidence of disease, quantitate severity of dysfunction, elucidate pathophysiologic mechanisms, and assess response to therapy. For these reasons, standards for personnel, infection control and safety, equipment, and quality control are important considerations for the generation of physiologic data.
[The impact of different markers regarding the estimation of population size under capture-recapture method on men who have sex with men].

Objective To discuss the impact of different markers on the estimation of MSM using the capture-recapture method.Methods From March to July 2013,MSM were captured from the their related network to estimate the site of this population,under the capture-recapture method.Two different markers were set in the process of first ‘capture'.Results The estimated numbers of MSM in Beijing were 239 258 (95％CI:48 932-429 584) and 115 731 (95％CI:78 153-153 309) when using the two markers under capture-recapture method.Conclusion The estimated size of MSM population varied greatly under different markers which called for the right selection on markers when using the capture-recapture method to estimate the size of specific population. Key words: Men who have sex with men (MSM) ; Capture-recapture method; Estimate of the population size
On Discretenes and Continuity in Structural Dialectology

(1957). On Discretenes and Continuity in Structural Dialectology. WORD: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 44-59.
Examining racial variation in antiemetic use and post-chemotherapy health care utilization for nausea and vomiting among breast cancer patients.

Purpose Racial minority cancer patients may experience underuse of antiemetic medications to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). In addition to its adverse implications for quality of life, antiemetic underuse may contribute to observed disparities in acute illness during chemotherapy. To understand the potential contribution of CINV prophylaxis to breast cancer disparities, we assessed racial variation in potent antiemetic use and post-chemotherapy utilization related to CINV and the relationship between the two.
Framework and Channel Modifications in Mayenite (12CaO·7Al2O3) Nanocages By Cationic Doping

Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33, C12A7), and its electride variant (C12A7:2e–) have attracted attention as functional materials with high ionic conductivity, and for potential uses in oxidation catalysis, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage. In contrast to anionic substitutions into C12A7, less is known about the influence of cationic substitutions on this material. This study applies DFT methods to rigorously understand the influences of Mg2+, Cu2+, Sr2+, Fe3+, Ir4+, P5+ and V5+ (2+ ≤ ZV ≤ 5+, where ZV is the cation valence, unitless) substitutions on the structural and electronic features of C12A7 and its electride variant. Substitutions alter the lattice parameters, in relation to their size, and alter charge localization. Substitutions also affect mayenite’s cage framework, resulting in the formation of a “window” that connects two adjacent cages. While Mg2+, Sr2+, P5+, and V5+ substitutions maintain their F+-like attractive nature, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Ir4+ neutralize such a tendency in the cages of their correspondin...
Building Organizational Culture through Social Media: New Understandings

Research supports the importance of co-curricular activities for traditionally aged college students; however, a growing percentage of students who are completing their undergraduate degrees do not fall into the 18-22 year old age-range. They are "nontraditional" students, a term used to describe those who are in college over the age of 25. Often they are working adults, many who are raising families and engaged in career and community pursuits. This looks at one university that received a call to action from their nontraditional students, who actively advocated to be part of a campus community, for many of the same reasons that traditional students articulate as valuable. It follows the dialogue between these students and the faculty administrators who sought to meet those needs as the gap between what students felt that they wanted and what they actually used was revealed, with social media a major tool utilized to bridge that gap. The approach to understanding these needs is grounded in participatory inquiry that uses an interpretive approach to reveal new understandings through conversation. Through this process, students and faculty administrators examine their past and imagine new possible ways of being in community both through on-ground and virtual worlds. The results show an increased sense of community, which builds a cohesive organizational culture and a broader common understanding of mission and purpose. This study has implications both for institutions working with nontraditional students and for other organizations that seek to build community when faced with geographical, temporal, or schedule challenges.
Viral Respiratory Infections in Preterm Infants during and after Hospitalization.

Objective To determine the burden of viral respiratory infections in preterm infants both during and subsequent to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and to compare this with term infants living in the community. Study design From March 2013 through March 2015, we enrolled 189 newborns (96 term and 93 preterm) into a prospective, longitudinal study obtaining nose/throat swabs within 7 days of birth, weekly while hospitalized and then monthly to 4 months after hospital discharge. Taqman array cards were used to identify 16 viral respiratory pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were gathered from electronic medical records, and parent interview while hospitalized with interval histories collected at monthly visits. The hospital course of all preterm infants who underwent late-onset sepsis evaluations was reviewed. Results Over 119 weeks, we collected 618 nose/throat swabs from at risk preterm infants in our level IV regional NICU. Only 4 infants had viral respiratory infections, all less than 28 weeks gestation at birth. Two infants were symptomatic with the infections recognized by the clinical team. The daily risk of acquiring a respiratory viral infection in preterm infants in the NICU was significantly lower than in the full term cohort living in the community. Once discharged from the hospital, viral respiratory infections were common in all infants. Conclusions Viral respiratory infections are infrequent in a NICU with strict infection prevention strategies and do not appear to cause unrecognized illness. Both preterm and term infants living in the community quickly acquire respiratory viral infections.
Quality characteristics of northern-style Chinese steamed bread prepared from soft red winter wheat flours with waxy wheat flour substitution

Quality characteristics of northern-style Chinese steamed bread (CSB) prepared from two soft red winter (SRW) wheat flours blended with 0–30% waxy wheat flour (WWF) were analyzed to estimate the influence of starch amylose content. The increased proportion of WWF in blends raised mixograph absorption with insignificant changes in protein content and dough strength-related parameters. WWF incorporation generally increased specific volume and crumb softness of CSB. The analysis of covariance revealed that CSB quality attributes were little affected by protein content and dough strength-related parameters, indicating that starch amylose content was largely responsible for the changes in CSB quality. Flour blends with 5–10% WWF, of which starch amylose content was 22.4–24.7%, produced CSB with superior crumb structure compared to other blends, but insignificant changes in surface smoothness, stress relaxation and total score compared to the respective control wheat flours. Flour blends with 15% WWF to produce a starch amylose content of 21.4–22.7% exhibited reduced staling of CSB with total scores comparable to the respective control wheat flours. CSB prepared from blends with more than 10% WWF exhibited a higher soluble starch content, indicative of reduced starch retrogradation, than that prepared from wheat flours without WWF during storage for 3 days.
Barack Obama, Civil Mourning, and Prudence in Presidential Rhetoric

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes Barack Obama's response to the death of Trayvon Martin and acquittal of George Zimmerman. It compares Obama's response to previous instances of presidential rhetoric concerning racial violence during the long history of the civil rights movement prescribed by Jacqueline Dowd Hall. Obama shifts notions of prudence in presidential rhetoric in this address by directly attending to the protests surrounding the verdict in the Zimmerman trial and by publicly mourning Trayvon Martin. The dialogue between Obama and protestors constitutes a form of civil mourning, which keeps open the possibility for conversations about race and racism. While Obama does not offer major policy solutions or push for federal intervention in the case, his remarks set up a framework of civil mourning that allowed his administration to continue to address civil rights protests differently than his many of predecessors.
SnRK1 activates autophagy via the TOR signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Autophagy is a degradation process in which cells break down and recycle their cytoplasmic contents when subjected to environmental stress or during cellular remodeling. The Arabidopsis thaliana SnRK1 complex is a protein kinase that senses changes in energy levels and triggers downstream responses to enable survival. Its mammalian ortholog, AMPK, and yeast ortholog, Snf-1, activate autophagy in response to low energy conditions. We therefore hypothesized that SnRK1 may play a role in the regulation of autophagy in response to nutrient or energy deficiency in Arabidopsis. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of overexpression or knockout of the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 on autophagy activation by abiotic stresses, including nutrient deficiency, salt, osmotic, oxidative, and ER stress. While wild-type plants had low basal autophagy activity in control conditions, KIN10 overexpression lines had increased autophagy under these conditions, indicating activation of autophagy by SnRK1. A kin10 mutant had a basal level of autophagy under control conditions similar to wild-type plants, but activation of autophagy by most abiotic stresses was blocked, indicating that SnRK1 is required for autophagy induction by a wide variety of stress conditions. In mammals, TOR is a negative regulator of autophagy, and AMPK acts to activate autophagy both upstream of TOR, by inhibiting its activity, and in a parallel pathway. Inhibition of Arabidopsis TOR leads to activation of autophagy; inhibition of SnRK1 did not block this activation. Furthermore, an increase in SnRK1 activity was unable to induce autophagy when TOR was also activated. These results demonstrate that SnRK1 acts upstream of TOR in the activation of autophagy in Arabidopsis.
Exact Solution for Depth of Impact Crater into Granular Bed

AbstractWhen a sphere impacts a granular bed such as a sand bed, the penetration depth is often determined by empirical scaling laws or numerical simulations. This paper uses a unified force law fo...
Summary and Future Prospects

This chapter summarizes the key results presented in this thesis and discusses possible directions of future studies. We specifically highlight three issues that are important to clarify the role of orbital evolution due to dynamical processes: (i) obliquities of stars hosting long-period transiting planets, (ii) origin of intermediate-period giant planets (warm Jupiters) on eccentric orbits, and (iii) possible difference between single- and multi-transiting systems.
Introduction: An Opening for Queer Thriving

Greteman offers a multifaceted summary of queer as it has been understood as a theory, commentary, identity, and ideological stance. Focused on developing the concept of queer thriving, the chapter draws attention to the ontological project of education and the possibility of advocating for queer becoming. While significant attention in education has focused on protecting queer students, the chapter intervenes to articulate the need to move beyond mere surviving to contemplate queer thriving.
Melanoma Stem Cells

The concept that tumor initiation and growth may be driven by a subpopulation of malignant cells, that is, cancer stem cells (CSCs), has received considerable attention and has been validated experimentally. The CSC concept predicts that the design of novel therapies that ablate CSCs or target CSC-specific protumorigenic signaling pathways might result in more durable therapeutic responses in cancer patients than those achieved by therapeutic approaches targeted predominantly at non-CSC tumor bulk populations. Evidence for the existence of CSCs has been generated in a broad range of human malignancies, including in human melanomas as malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMICs). Several recent studies have documented a specific relationship of MMICs to melanoma progression and therapeutic resistance, including to recently approved targeted therapies. Moreover, proof-of-principle for the potential therapeutic utility of targeting MMICs has been provided by demonstrating that selective killing of MMICs can inhibit tumor growth. The biological mechanisms by which MMICs fuel the tumorigenic process have recently started to be elucidated. In this chapter, we will discuss the potential importance of these translationally relevant research developments for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in human malignant melanoma.
Critical Reflective Practices: Connecting to Social Justice

Leading for social justice is a highly emotional endeavor requiring courage, integrity, imaginative possibilities, and self-awareness. It is important to also acknowledge the ongoing debate and tensions regarding multiple meanings for social justice, what it means to lead for social justice, and pedagogies that encourage and support school leaders to lead for social justice. The author examines how critical reflection promotes a connective process that precedes meaningful learning centered on a change of self and, ultimately, changing ways of knowing and responding to the world. The author’s voice is that of a school social worker, inner-city school leader, and tempered radical—a marginalized voice missing from debates centered on preparing school leaders for social justice. Deepening new ways of understanding and knowing is not an easy process for those who work in schools. Educators and school leaders might reconsider to what extent they have the capacity to scrutinize the complexities of oppression in order to formulate questions that inquire about whose interests are actually served. Those interested in addressing the lived realities of marginalized populations in schools need to pay closer attention to the impact of the nation’s deepening cultural texture, racial tensions, and increasing percentage of students from historically disenfranchised populations. The author contends sense-making and artmaking are tools to engage school leaders in critically reflecting on these issues. This process affords people with opportunities to understand relationships between their sense of self and leading for social justice through the senses—ways in which educators perceive their lived experiences and relation to others.
High-temperature short-contact-time supersonic nozzle chemistry of light aliphatic hydrocarbons

Nozzles fabricated variously from nickel, molybdenum, iron, palladium, and quartz were utilized to produce longer-chain hydrocarbons CmHn (m≥3, n≤m) from C2 (ethane, acetylene) and C1 (methane) reactants at nozzle temperatures in the range 900-1150C. A combination of pyrolysis and expansion to a supersonic molecular beam is shown to be very effective in the conversion of light aliphatic hydrocarbons to heavier oligomers. The conversion of ethane is close to 100% at Tnozzle = 1000C, while that of methane reaches 70% at Tnozzle = 1100-1150C. The contact time in the nozzle is in the range 1-100 ms enabling at least simultaneous kinetic and thermodynamic control. Major products are acetylene and benzene and its homologues. Free radicals are also detected in the product distribution. The reaction mechanism involves formation of free radicals and, possibly, coupling reactions at the nozzle surface followed by desorption to the gas phase and expansion to a supersonic beam.
Inflammatory, infectious, and ischemic disorders of the pelvic pouch

Abstract Pouchitis refers to a spectrum of inflammatory disorders affecting the ileal reservoir following restorative proctocolectomy and can be classified as idiopathic or secondary if a specific identifiable entity is identified. Pouchitis is a principal complication of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure and understanding the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of pouchitis is essential for the physician managing IPAA patients. Diagnosis and treatment of pouchitis is typically aided with multidisciplinary coordinated care leveraging specialized medical, pathological, and pharmacological expertise. While most mild and acute episodes of idiopathic pouchitis are easily treated, the gravity of the disease is clear – pouchitis significantly impairs the quality of life for IPAA patients and is a common cause of pouch failure.
Impact of Center Volume on Post Heart Transplant Survival

Purpose Previous studies have shown reduced 1-year post-transplant survival in low volume centers. We aimed to evaluate impact of center volume on post heart transplant survival in recent era of streamlined care. Methods The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing heart transplant between 2007-2016. The database was then merged to 2010 US census data and CDC 2015 heart failure mortality data. Center volume was available in encrypted center codes and divided in terciles ( 22-high) after removing centers that did not transplant organs since 2014. The available data was then evaluated with a cox-regression model to identify impact of center volume, UNOS regions, adjusting for individual patient level factors. Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to evaluate survival differences in center volume by UNOS regions. Results There were 111 centers included in the final dataset. There were 23 low, 52 medium and 36 high volume centers that performed 1084 (5%), 7995 (35%) and 13520 (60%) heart transplants respectively. Low volume centers had equivalent survival to medium and high volume centers across all UNOS regions except region 10 (Figure 1). A cox-regression model adjusting for recipient and donor factors showed that high volume centers in regions 2 (HR=0.79 (0.67-0.94)), 4 (HR=0.65 (0.46-0.92)) and 10 (HR=0.44 (0.30-0.63)) had significantly better survival whereas in region 8 they had worse survival (HR=2.0 (1.2-3.4))(Figure 2). Conclusion Post heart transplant survival at low and medium volume centers across all UNOS regions is comparable to high volume centers except in regions 2, 4 and 10.
Placing prostate cancer disparities within a psychosocial context: challenges and opportunities for future research

Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer compared with White men. Despite advances in prevention and treatment strategies, disparities in prostate cancer among Black men persist. While research on the causes of higher incidence and mortality is ongoing, there is limited evidence in the existing literature that clearly speaks to the potential psychological or social factors that may contribute to disparities in prostate cancer incidence. Given the lack of attention to this issue, we review scientific evidence of the ways in which social factors, including socioeconomic status and racial segregation, as well as psychological factors, like depression and anxiety, are related to subsequent prostate cancer risk, which could occur through behavioral and biological processes. Our objective is to illuminate psychosocial factors and their context, using a racial disparity lens, which suggests opportunities for future research on the determinants of prostate cancer. Ultimately, we aim to contribute to a robust research agenda for the development of new prostate cancer prevention measures to reduce racial disparities.
Comparison of Attractant Type, Trap Size and Trap Color based on Number of Diptera Captured at a Livestock Facility

Biting and filth flies are typically present in large numbers at livestock facilities. Using surveillance tools to monitor the species composition and abundance is a critical part of integrated pest management. We evaluated a commercial funnel trap with different sugar bait attractants to evaluate the effectiveness at capturing these flies. We selected the Texas A&M University Sheep Center as the location to perform the study. Two different sugar baits were compared to determine which one was more effective at attracting flies. Another variable that was tested was whether trap size and color affected the number of flies that were captured. The specimens were collected, preserved, and counted, and the data was recorded. Upon analyzing the data, it was established that the two sugar baits were not extremely different in their ability to attract flies. There was however, a noticeable difference in the number of flies captured in the large versus small traps and the small dark versus small light traps. The conclusions made from this study can be used by people who are looking to trap flies in a similar environment to the one tested.
A hybrid power management schema for multi-tier data centres

Data centres play an important role in the operation and management of IT infrastructures but because of their huge power consumption, it raises an issue of great concern as it relates to global warming. This paper explores the sleep state of data centres' servers under specific conditions such as setup time and identifies an optimal number of servers potentially to increase energy efficiency. We use a dynamic power management policy-based model with the optimal number of servers that is required in each tier while increasing servers' setup time after sleep mode. The reactive approach is used to validate the results and energy efficiency by calculating the average power consumption of each server under specific sleep mode and setup time. Our method uses average power consumption to calculate the normalised-performance-per-watt in order to evaluate the power efficiency. The results indicate that the schema reported in this paper can improve power efficiency in data centres with high setup time servers.
Minimum habitat thresholds required for conserving mountain lion genetic diversity

Jointly considering the ecology (e.g., habitat use) and genetics (e.g., population genetic structure and diversity) of a species can increase understanding of current conservation status and inform future management practices. Previous analyses indicate that mountain lion (Puma concolor) populations in California are genetically structured and exhibit extreme variation in population genetic diversity. Although human development may have fragmented gene flow, we hypothesized the quantity and quality of remaining habitat available would affect the genetic viability of each population. Our results indicate that area of suitable habitat, determined via a resource selection function derived using 843,500 location fixes from 263 radio-collared mountain lions, is strongly and positively associated with population genetic diversity and viability metrics, particularly with effective population size. Our results suggested that contiguous habitat of ≥10,000 km2 may be sufficient to alleviate the negative effects of genetic drift and inbreeding, allowing mountain lion populations to maintain suitable effective population sizes. Areas occupied by five of the nine geographic-genetic mountain lion populations in California fell below this habitat threshold, and two (Santa Monica Area and Santa Ana) of those five populations lack connectivity to nearby populations. Enhancing ecological conditions by protection of greater areas of suitable habitat and facilitating positive evolutionary processes by increasing connectivity (e.g., road-crossing structures) might promote persistence of small or isolated populations. The conservation status of suitable habitat also appeared to influence genetic diversity of populations. Thus, our results demonstrate that both the area and status (i.e., protected or unprotected) of suitable habitat influence the genetic viability of mountain lion populations.
Localization of a distant ship using a guide ship and a vertical array.

A method is presented for estimating the range of a distant ship in shallow water using a vertical array and a guide ship at a known range close to the array. The method involves a combination of four different approaches: blind deconvolution, waveguide invariant, virtual receiver (VR), and array invariant. (1) Blind deconvolution extracts a time-domain Green's function from the broadband acoustic source (guide ship). (2) The Green's function is extrapolated into adjacent ranges using the waveguide invariant, generating a horizontal array of synthetic guide sources. (3) Each guide source then turns into a VR where the output approximates the signal that the distant (objective) ship will produce at the location of the guide source. (4) The horizontal virtual array around the guide ship applies the blind deconvolution again to estimate the Green's function for the objective source, followed by the array invariant to estimate the distance between the two ships. The proposed method is demonstrated using a ship of opportunity radiating broadband noise (100–500 Hz) and a 56.25-m long vertical array in approximately 100-m water.
Evaluate the efficacy of Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds powder on Staphylococcus aureus

In Siddha medicine system has been classified into Aga marunthu (Internal) and Pura marunthu (External) having 32 forms of medicines in each. The external remedies are very useful for topical ulcers, skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis bacterial and fungal infections. The purpose this study was Evaluate the efficacy of Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds powder against Staphylococcus aureus by used disk diffusion method. The result has been evaluated as the diameter of the zone of inhibition of microbial growth showed that the different concentration (100%, 50%, 25%) of Nigella sativa seed powder’s aqueous extract more effective against Staphylococcus aureus. Mean value of the hot extract 100%, 50%, 25% respectively 12.19±1.91mm, 7.63±2.32 mm and 3.78±1.73mm and the mean value of Cold extract were 9.45±1.32mm, 4.21±0.92mm and 2.71±.64mm. Standard maintained 18mm of zone of inhibition .Among the hot and cold extract, 100% of hot extract was showed more significant affect against Staphylococcus aureus which was 12.19mm. Finally this study was concluded that the Nigella seeds powder can be used as an antibacterial agent.
A concept analysis of family caregivers' uncertainty of patient's illness.

Aim To analyze and examine the concept of uncertainty of the patient's illness among family caregivers. Background Promoting family caregivers' health is significant in nursing. Family caregivers may experience uncertainty related to their loved ones' illness. A lack of clarity exists regarding the uncertainty concept among family caregivers and its implications in nursing. Data source A review of the literature that focused on family caregivers of adult patients using PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases was completed. Methods The Walker and Avant framework was applied to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of family caregivers' uncertainty. Results Eight articles were analyzed. Attributes of family caregivers' uncertainty included the patient's illness probability and family caregivers' perception of the illness. Antecedents included the characteristics of the patient's illness, factors associated with the family caregivers' perception of the illness, and family responsibilities of caregiving. The consequences included family caregivers' emotional, psychological, and financial outcomes. Family caregivers' uncertainty is defined as the perception of the inability to process information regarding the patient's illness trajectory when caring for significant others' illness. Conclusions Individuals can perceive uncertainty differently as a patient-facing uncertainty in illness versus a family caregiver facing uncertainty of their loved ones' illness.
Ensemble of Unsupervised Parametric and Non-Parametric Techniques to Discover Change Actions

To support IT change automation in cloud-native deployments, we propose to discover change actions from IT change requests. Traditional approaches to discover actions rely on a pre-established set of actions. However in practice, the catalog dictionaries rarely cover a sufficient portion of the IT change requests, resulting in missed automation opportunities. To this end, supervised and semi-supervised approaches have been proposed to detect change actions, but fall short in covering new action discovery as the IT environment evolves. We propose an ensemble technique of parametric and non-parametric grammar-based methods to discover change actions from IT change requests. We evaluate our approach on an IT dataset and find our approach provides significant coverage of actions compared to baseline approaches.
Wicksteed’s Theorem that the Concept of Supply Could be Dispensed with, and its Narrower and Wider Implications

The question of whether the concept of supply could be dispensed with in Economics, and if so whether it ought, was first addressed by Wicksteed.1 The nature of the problem can be most easily understood if we first turn aside for a moment and look to the most famous enquiry of this kind, made by Whitehead and Russell in Principia Mathematica.2 In this paper, my objective is to put the matter with brevity, the authors were concerned to show that the whole of Logic and Mathematics could be derived from the four logical concepts ~ (= “not”), • (= “and”), V (= “or”) and ⊃ (= “entails”). They also showed that if desired, the entire theoretical development might be made out of still fewer concepts, ~ (“not”) and • (“and”) alone, or ~ (“not”) and V (“or”) alone.3
Closed-Loop Control of the Inspired Fraction of Oxygen in Mechanical Ventilation

Objective.Supplemental oxygen treatment of patients on mechanical ventilation is crucial in maintaining the patients’ oxygen levels in the normal range. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop controller for automatic adjustment of the fraction of inspired oxygen, FIO2. More specifically, the aim of the study was to assess the robustness of the controller in correcting hypoxemia as well as its effectiveness in prevention of hyperoxemia and oxygen toxicity. Methods.The microprocessor-based feedback control system combines a rapid control algorithm with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control procedure to automatically adjust FIO2. The system is designed to prevent hypoxemia by applying a stepwise control procedure in response to rapid declines in arterial oxygen saturation while fine-tuning FIO2 and avoiding hyperoxemia by resuming to the PID control procedure when appropriate. The system includes a sophisticated safeguard unit which is designed to communicate any oxygenation problems or measurement artifacts to the medical personnel while keeping FIO2 at a safe and sufficiently high level. The control system has been tested by using computer simulations as well as animal studies. Results.In response to different disturbances, the arterial oxygen saturation returned to the normal safe range within less than 20 seconds, thereby avoiding any untoward effects of hypoxemia. Under steady state conditions, the variations in arterial oxygen saturation were kept within ± 3% of the mean value. The controller corrected hypoxemia within seconds while preventing hyperoxemia, rejecting artifacts, and minimizing exposure to high concentrations of oxygen. Conclusion.The results of the study attest to the reliability of the proposed closed-loop control scheme for automatic adjustment of FIO2. Further evaluation of the controller will require testing the effectiveness of the system on different patient groups.
Temporal expression of transcription and relative copy number of plasmid pSFB-1 in Scytalidium flavo-brunneum.

Wild-type cultures of Scytalidium flavo-brunneum produce a 15-azasterol antifungal agent and a reddish brown pigment as secondary metabolites. Spontaneous mutants of S. flavo-brunneum that had simultaneously lost the ability to produce the 15-azasterol and the pigment were transformed with plasmid pSFB-1, which was obtained from wild-type S. flavo-brunneum. Each transformant possessed the plasmid and coincidentally reacquired azasterol and pigment production. Regulation of transcription and relative plasmid copy number was determined as a function of the culture cycle of the organism. Twenty-five-fold amplification of the plasmid was observed in the fungus during the stationary phase. RNA transcripts of 0.9, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kilobases were expressed from the plasmid by the organism. While differences in the temporal regulation of the transcripts were seen, all except the 1.0-kilobase transcript increased in abundance on entry of the culture into the stationary phase of growth. Images
Digital Signaling on Flat Fading Channels

This chapter considers the bit error rate performance of digital signaling on frequency nonselective (flat) fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We first introduce a vector representation for digital signaling on flat fading channels with AWGN. Later, a generalized analysis is provided for the error rate performance of digital signaling on flat fading channels. We then derive the structure of the optimum coherent receiver for the detection of known signals in AWGN. The error probability performance of various coherently detected digital signaling schemes is considered, including phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude shift keying, orthogonal signals, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Other types of detection schemes include differential detection of differentially encoded binary phase shift keying and differentially encoded π ∕ 4-phase shifted quadrature phase shift keying. We also consider noncoherent detection of orthogonal signals. Finally, we consider coherent and noncoherent detection of continuous phase modulated signals.
Generation of novel antibodies to delta p53 and evaluation in breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer specimens.

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 2787 Background: P53 is a tumor-suppressor gene that codes for a multi-functional DNA-binding protein whose primary role is to maintain genomic integrity through cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Approximately 20% of breast cancers contain a mutation within exons 5-8, which encompasses the DNA binding region of p53. Mutation in this region generally leads to aberrant folding and inactivity of the protein. Delta p53 however is an isoform that splices out part of exon 7 and all of exons 8 and 9, but results in a p53 isoform with altered transcriptional function. Delta p53 maintains the ATR-Intra-S phase checkpoint through transactivation of p21 and 14-3-3alpha, and this incurs the advantage of enhanced security in the DNA repair process by promoting coordinated repair and replication. Contrarily, if delta p53 occurs in conjunction with p53 mutations at aa273 and aa282 and DNA damage is present, then the function of p53 is abrogated, which may be associated with worse prognosis. For this reason we set out to generate antibodies that bind to delta p53. Results: Here we present the biochemistry for purifying native delta p53 protein and details on the RIMMS and contra-lateral immunization strategies to generate novel monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that the delta p53 monoclonal antibodies specifically pull down delta p53. In addition, we have demonstrated that these antibodies can be used to detect delta p53 in ELISA, IHC, and tumor tissue micorarrays assay formats. In a gamma irradiation tumor cell model, data indicates that all of the delta p53 antibodies react preferentially with delta p53. One antibody seems to be sensitive for a posttranslational modification occurring on both the wild type and delta p53 protein after irradiation. Conclusion: The presence of p53 mutations has been shown to affect prognosis of some breast cancers. Tools such as monoclonal antibodies are needed to identify delta p53 and these tools can be used to determine tumor clonality. Our findings indicate that our novel delta p53 antibodies may be useful in the evaluation and characterization of breast cancer tumors for response to radiation therapy or hormone-based therapy.
New Scientific Applications of Geometry and Topology

Evolution of DNA topology: Implications for its biological roles by N. R. Cozzarelli Geometry and topology of DNA and DNA-protein interactions by J. H. White Knot theory and DNA by D. L. Sumners Topology of polymers by S. G. Whittington Knots and chemistry by J. Simon Knots and physics by L. H. Kauffman Index.
Risk Assessment of Environmental Exposure to Viruses

The Risk-Assessment Approach Microbial Risk Assessment: Its Design and Application for Viruses Microbial Risk Assessment Applications Keywords: risk assessment of exposure to viruses; viruses
Differences in ambulatory teaching and learning by gender match of preceptors and students

Background and Objectives: Important differences exist in traditional medical education by gender of the teachers and learners. Much less is known about how gender influences educational experiences in community-based ambulatory settings. In this study, we explored how community-based teaching and learning varies by gender of the students and preceptors. Methods: This prospective study used both paper- and computer-based documentation systems to collect information on student-patient-preceptor encounters. A consecutive sample of third-year medical students contributed data on one full clinical day each week as they rotated through a required 8-week family medicine clerkship. The main measures of interest included patient age and gender, health care visit type (acute, acute exacerbation of chronic, chronic, and health maintenance), method of learning in history taking and physical examinations (observing preceptor, being observed by preceptor, performing unobserved, or working jointly with preceptor), content of physical examinations, amount of preceptor feedback, preceptor teaching content, and gender of the students and their preceptors. Results: Ninety-three students contributed data on 5,017 patient encounters. The distribution of encounters by student-preceptor dyad included: 1,926 (38%) female students with male preceptors, 1,716 (34%) male students with male preceptors, 841 (17%) female students with female preceptors, and 534 (11%) male students with female preceptors. We found that female preceptors conduct more complete physical exams with students than do male preceptors (28% versus 23%). Female students with male preceptors devoted more encounters to observation only than any other dyad (20% versus 12%), and female preceptors are more likely than male preceptors to allow students to perform unobserved (70% versus 59%). Patient gender played little if any role in how students and their preceptors worked together. Conclusions: Differences of potential importance were found in teaching and learning by gender of the student-preceptor dyad. This factor can and should be considered when determining how students can best meet educational objectives in community-based ambulatory settin gs.
Projection-Based Topology Optimization Using Discrete Object Sets

We look to expand the reach of continuum topology optimization to include the design of ‘structures’ that gain functionality or are specifically manufactured from discrete, non-overlapping objects. While significant advancements have been made in restricting the geometric properties of topology-optimized structures, including restricting the minimum and maximum length scale of features, continuum topology optimization is still largely limited to monolithic structures. A wide variety of structures and materials, however, gain their stiffness or functionality from discrete objects, such as fiber-reinforced composites. This work examines a recently developed method for optimizing the distribution of discrete objects (2d inclusions) across a design domain and extends the approach to variable shape and variable sized objects that must be selected from a designer-defined set. This essentially enables simultaneous optimization of object sizes, shapes, and/or locations within the projection framework, without need for additional constraints. As in traditional topology optimization, gradient-based optimizers are used with sensitivity information estimated via the adjoint method, solved using finite element analysis. The algorithm is demonstrated on benchmark problems in structural design for the case where the objects are stiff inclusions embedded in a compliant matrix material.Copyright © 2014 by ASME