cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flapping Wing Micro-Air-Vehicle Control Employing Triangular Wave Strokes and Cycle-Averaging

The recent development of the world’s rst robotic insect capable of vertical takeo at the Harvard Microrobotics Lab has sparked research e orts into devising similar vehicles capable of untethered ight. The vehicle design has been extended in simulation to use one actuator per wing to produce sinusoidal apping motion in a plane. This work proposes employing a generic triangular wave to generate the apping wing stroke angle. The resulting expressions for the wing beat cycle-averaged aerodynamic forces and moment are signi cantly simpler than those computed using sinusoidal waveforms, thus easing algebraic manipulation and analytical analysis. Wing beat parameters are employed as control inputs, a ecting the cycle-averaged aerodynamic forces and moments. The resulting control authority is assessed analytically. A ve degree-of-freedom control design is devised and used to control a six degree-of-freedom simulation of the vehicle. The simulation model is driven by the instantaneous aerodynamic forces and moments; and the cycle-averaged expressions are only used for control design. Three sets of wing beat parameters are used as control inputs to illustrate the freedom in control design and implementation. One mimics the sinusoidal waveform studies cases. The others illustrate how amplitude modulation can replace frequency modulation to achieve comparable performance results.
Mbe Growth of Rare-Earth Doped Fluoride Insulators on Semiconductors for Laser Applications

With the recent success of using rare-earth doped fluoride crystals as high power visible upconversion lasers, we have explored the use of MBE grown fluoride layers for a possible waveguide laser. By confining the pumped light in a waveguide with dimensions on the order of a few micron, the pump power density will increase promoting higher efficiencies at room temperatures. Initially, we have grown planar waveguides of erbium doped ZnF2 on MgF2 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy and have formed channel waveguides by ion milling. By exciting individual channels with an 800 nm pump, we have generated strong upconversion fluorescence at 410 nm, 550 nm and 670 nm and at numerous weaker peaks. The fabrication techniques can be adapted to semiconductor substrates for making compact diode-pumped visible and infrared lasers. A number of fluoride materials that are useful as laser host crystals are lattice matched to GaAs (100) and GaAs (111) offering the possibility of integrating the channel waveguide laser with the semiconductor diode laser pump source. For example SrF2 may be grown on GaAs (100) as a cladding layer followed by PbF2 doped with a rare-earth ion. Also LaF3 may be grown on GaAs (111) followed by CeF3 doped with a rare-earth ion. Both PbF2 and CeF3 have low phonon energies and a higher index of refraction than their respective lattice matched cladding layers and should be capable of provide an attractive upconversion laser waveguide system. Our initial upconversion luminescence results on erbium doped PbF2 on GaAs (100) using a intervening SrF2 cladding layer are also reported.
Self-imaging injection-locked copper laser oscillator

A typical approach to improve· the beam quality of a high-gain, short-pulse, large-Fresnel- number laser such as copper laser is to use an unstable resonator. However, in such an oscillator cavity, only the latter part of the output pulse reaches near-diffraction-limited beam quality since only a small number of cavity round trips (typically 3 or 4) can be established during the 50-70 ns copper laser pulse. For achieving a low divergence output for tire entire duration of the pulse, injection control techniques are usually applied.1,2 The most commonly used phase-matching injection scheme is achieved by matching the injected wavefront to the injection-locked oscillator (ILO) divergent wavefront. By using a gated camera, we found that the ILO output beam using the phase-matching scheme was characterized by two independent modes which appeared at different times. The front part of the ILO output is actually a reamplified (master oscillator) MO injection beam with its pointing and collimation controlled by the injection beam. As soon as the ILO feedback process starts after the first cavity round trip, the ILO cavity quickly converts the MO modes into the ILO modes owing to the high mode-discrimination nature of the ILO unstable resonator (M = 15). This characteristic, accompanied by small injection misalignment, results in undesirable multiple far-field spots due to different pointing and collimation.
Correction to my paper: The relation between the flow of non-Newtonian fluids and turbulent Newtonian fluids

The last sentence should read: “Certainly it appears quite likely that a phenomenological theory of the type considered, in which the stress in an element of the turbulent fluid (large compared with the eddy dimensions) is supposed to depend only on the kinematic variables in that element or on the velocity-gradient history of that element, will not be entirely adequate as a complete description of the flow properties of the turbulent fluid, since eddies can diffuse from one point of the fluid to another.”
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements and Electronic Structure of Pu(IV) in [(Me)4N]2PuCl6

The synthesis, electronic structure, and characterization via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility of (Me4N)2PuCl6 are reported. NMR measurements were performed to both search for the direct 239Pu resonance and to obtain local magnetic and electronic information at the Cl site through 35Cl and 37Cl spectra. No signature of 239Pu NMR was observed. The temperature dependence of the Cl spectra was simulated by diagonalizing the Zeeman and quadrupolar Hamiltonians for 35Cl, 37Cl, and 14N isotopes. Electronic structure calculations predict a magnetic Γ5 triplet ground state of Pu(IV) in the crystalline electric field of the undistorted PuCl6 octahedron. A tetragonal distortion would result in a very small splitting (∼20 cm–1) of the triplet ground state into a nonmagnetic singlet and a doublet state. The Cl shifts have an inflection point at T ≈ 15 K, differing from the bulk susceptibility, indicating a nonmagnetic crystal field ground sta...
Food Additives and Hyperactivity

Of 220 children referred to the Dept of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, because of suspected hyperactivity, 55 were included in a 6-week open trial of the Feingold diet, 26 (47%) showed a placebo response, and 14 were identified as likely reactors.
Continuous cellulose fiber-reinforced cellulose ester composites III. Commercial matrix and fiber options

Thermoplastic composites were prepared using two continuous regenerated cellulose fiber types, rayon and lyocell, and with several different commercially-available thermoplastic cellulose esters as matrix. Matrix options included cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), and several cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB) with different butyryl content, having different molecular weights and different methods of plasticization (adipates and very low molecular weight cellulose ester fractions). Choice of cellulose ester type was generally found to have little or no effect on mechanical properties. A significant effect, however, was revealed for fiber type. The lyocell-based composites thereby were reflective of the greater stiffness of a fiber produced from anisotropic solution state. Their modulus consistently exceeded 20GPa whereas the rayon fiber-based composites had moduli between 6 and 8GPa. The latter, however, possessed failure strains that were 3 to 4 times greater than their stiffer counterparts.
An Introduction to Electronic Image Acquisition during Light Microscopic Observation of Biological Specimens

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the reader to the choices and considerations that need to be made when designing an image acquisition system. It focuses on the use of electronic cameras to record images of biological specimens generated with light microscopy techniques. The ideal image acquisition system would be sensitive enough to acquire beautiful images of very dim fluorescence specimens, fast enough to record the most dynamic processes, have high resolution to capture the finest detail, and have enough useful dynamic range to accurately measure minute differences in intensity. In fluorescence microscopy, cellular components are labeled with molecules that emit photons when illuminated with excitatory light of the appropriate wavelength. Acquiring fluorescence images presents a special challenge because of the relatively low number of photons emitted by the specimen that must be collected by the microscope optics and detected by the camera. An image acquisition system minimally consists of a microscope and a camera, but may also include a computer, imaging software, and a variety of motorized components for automated acquisition.
UV tanning advertisements in national high school newspapers.

Many young adults have utilized indoor ultraviolet(UV) tanning, putting them at higher risk fordevelopment of skin cancers. Prior to the increasedregulations on indoor tanning for minors, indoortanning businesses marketed to teens throughmodalities such as advertisements in high schoolnewspapers. The purpose of this study was toquantify tanning advertisements in high schoolnewspapers published across the United Statesbetween August 2014 and July 2015. Online versionsof the newspaper issues were available on issuu.com.Tanning advertisements appeared in 3 of 23 highschool newspapers with advertisements of any kind(13%). Among all newspapers with advertisements,10% were indoor tanning advertisements. Onenewspaper in Colorado contained advertisements ofany kind and had 0 tanning advertisements. A priorstudy of Colorado high schools showed 11 of 23schools (48%) to contain tanning advertisements. Thissuggests that there may be a decrease in indoor UVtanning advertisements owing to increased tanningregulation by state legislatures, national attentionto UV tanning, or a general decrease in high schooltanning advertisements.
Methodological considerations for observational coding of eating and feeding behaviors in children and their families

Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding interactions can provide researchers with rich observational data and unique insights into eating behaviors, food intake, food selection as well as interpersonal and mealtime dynamics of children and their families. Unlike self-report measures of eating and feeding practices, the coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can allow for the quantitative and qualitative examinations of behaviors and practices that participants may not self-report. While this methodology is increasingly more common, behavioral coding protocols and methodology are not widely shared in the literature. This has important implications for validity and reliability of coding schemes across settings. Additional guidance on how to design, implement, code and analyze videotaped eating and feeding behaviors could contribute to advancing the science of behavioral nutrition. The objectives of this narrative review are to review methodology for the design, operationalization, and coding of videotaped behavioral eating and feeding data in children and their families, and to highlight best practices. When capturing eating and feeding behaviors through analysis of videotapes, it is important for the study and coding to be hypothesis driven. Study design considerations include how to best capture the target behaviors through selection of a controlled experimental laboratory environment versus home mealtime, duration of video recording, number of observations to achieve reliability across eating episodes, as well as technical issues in video recording and sound quality. Study design must also take into account plans for coding the target behaviors, which may include behavior frequency, duration, categorization or qualitative descriptors. Coding scheme creation and refinement occur through an iterative process. Reliability between coders can be challenging to achieve but is paramount to the scientific rigor of the methodology. Analysis approach is dependent on the how data were coded and collapsed. Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can capture rich data “in-vivo” that is otherwise unobtainable from self-report measures. While data collection and coding are time-intensive the data yielded can be extremely valuable. Additional sharing of methodology and coding schemes around eating and feeding behaviors could advance the science and field.
Observations on {332} twinning-induced softening in Ti-Nb Gum metal

Abstract Thermomechanical-cycling processes were applied to a metastable Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.0O (at%) alloy to control a volume fraction of mechanical twins, resulting from activation of twinning-induced plasticity effects. Analysis of the microstructure features designed using electron backscattering and X-ray diffraction revealed the deformation bands induced by the cycling process were characterized as only {332} β twinning. It was also observed that the fraction of twins was significantly increased with increasing the number of the cycles in the process, resulting in a pronounced softening effect. To shed a light on the relevant micro-scale features (e.g., geometric orientation and stress concentrations) responsible for the microstructure evolution and mechanical response, the local Schmid factor of grains and geometrically-necessary dislocation densities were evaluated from experimentally observed results, and correlated with deformation twinning. A good correlation between the local geometric Schmid factor and softening behavior, due to texture evolution within twins was established, as well as the effect of local stress concentrations on microstructure evolution of this Ti-Nb Gum metal. Significant decrease in micro-hardness (approximately 18% from untwinned structure) was achieved by highly twinned structure, and a possible deformation mechanism was established to enhance ductility without evident elastic properties variation in metastable β Ti alloys.
Discrimination from family and substance use for multiracial individuals

Abstract Whereas Multiracial people exhibit heightened rates of substance use, existing research has yet to account for why. The current study examines whether Multiracial people's experiences of discrimination from family may explain their substance use behaviors, and furthermore, whether compromised mental health indirectly explains relationships between familial discrimination and substance use. Online cross-sectional survey data was collected from (N = 466) Multiracial participants. Negative binomial regression analysis indicated that discrimination from family predicted drug use above and beyond general discrimination. Results of bootstrapping analysis revealed that the pathway from discrimination from family to drug use is partially explained by anxiety and depressive symptoms. The implications of these findings for addressing heightened rates of substance abuse among the Multiracial population are discussed.
A species of Schellackia (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae) parasitising east and southeast Asian lizards

Schellackia orientalis n. sp. parasitises the Japanese lizard Takydromus tachydromoides on Honshu and Takydromus sexlineatus in Thailand. Merogony and gamogony occur in the epithelium of the small intestine, and octonucleate oocysts form in the lamina propria. In infections induced by inoculation of infected blood, sporozoites appeared in blood cells 17–56 days post-inoculation, initially in any type of white blood cell but most commonly in macrophages and monocytes. Both erythroid and leucocytic cells were parasitised after five days. This haemococcidian is another component of the symbiotic complex found in Takydromus species of eastern and southeastern Asia.
Disoriented Liberalism: Ortega y Gasset in the Ruins of Empire:

The fraught ideological relationship between liberalism and imperialism has been theorized primarily through the British, French, and American empires. This article moves beyond the experiences of ...
Identification of (R)-N-(4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl) -1-tosylpiperidine-2-carboxamide, ML277, as a Novel, Potent and Selective Kv7.1 (KCNQ1) Potassium Channel Activator.

Compound (I) is identified as a potent activator of KCNQ1 channels using a high-throughput screen of the NIH Molecular Library Small Molecule Repository.
Investigating Consumer Preference for Biodegradable Containers

Abstract Instead of virgin plastic, some growers are now using containers manufactured with alternative materials that can be planted directly in the soil and will degrade over time, thus eliminati...
A benchmark study of loop modeling methods applied to G protein-coupled receptors

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are important drug discovery targets. Despite progress, many GPCR structures have not yet been solved. For these targets, comparative modeling is used in virtual ligand screening to prioritize experimental efforts. However, the structure of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) is often poorly predicted. This is significant due to involvement of ECL2 in ligand binding for many Class A GPCR. Here we examine the performance of loop modeling protocols available in the Rosetta (cyclic coordinate descent [CCD], KIC with fragments [KICF] and next generation KIC [NGK]) and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software suites (de novo search). ECL2 from GPCR crystal structures served as the structure prediction targets and were divided into four sets depending on loop length. Results suggest that KICF and NGK sampled and scored more loop models with sub-angstrom and near-atomic accuracy than CCD or de novo search for loops of 24 or fewer residues. None of the methods were able to sample loop conformations with near-atomic accuracy for the longest targets ranging from 25 to 32 residues based on 1000 models generated. For these long loop targets, increased conformational sampling is necessary. The strongly conserved disulfide bond between Cys3.25 and Cys45.50 in ECL2 proved an effective filter. Setting an upper limit of 5.1 A on the S–S distance improved the lowest RMSD model included in the top 10 scored structures in Groups 1–4 on average between 0.33 and 1.27 A. Disulfide bond formation and geometry optimization of ECL2 provided an additional incremental benefit in structure quality.
3-D-Printed Circular Array for WiMAX Base Station

Circular arrays offer the ability to form directional beams throughout a full $\text{360}^{\circ }$ of azimuth coverage without the drawbacks of beam broadening and/or scan loss. These advantages make them an attractive choice for a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) base station antenna where the directional beams in any arbitrary direction facilitate range extension and throughput. In this letter, we demonstrate a metal plated-on-plastic 3-D-printed circular array that provides a low-cost design with simple manufacturing and provides performance suitable for WiMAX base station operation from 5.1 to 5.8 GHz.
Effect of host diet on flight behavior of the parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

The effect of larval host diet on the flight behavior and microhabitat preference of the parasitoid, Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron), was studied in a wind tunnel bioassay. Campoletis sonorensis wa...
The influence of non-modifiable and modifiable factors on cardiac biomarkers after marathon running.

Background This study investigated the influence of modifiable (training) and non-modifiable factors (age and gender) on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels post-marathon. Methods Thirteen female and nine male recreational runners participated in the 2015 Hartford Marathon. A venous blood draw was taken from each subject at 24 hours pre-race, immediately post-race and 24 hours post-race. Results Weekly mileage and weekly long runs were recorded for a 12-week period prior to the marathon. No association was found between age and BNP (P=0.11, P=0.50) or cTnI (P=0.69, P=0.28) for either post-race time points. No association was found between gender and cTnI for either post-race time points (P=0.09, P=0.57). However, BNP elevation, at 24 hours post-race was more pronounced in females than males (P=0.047). For cTnI levels immediately post-race, a negative association was found for average weekly mileage (P=0.006), while a positive association was found for the number of long runs exceeding 20 miles (P=0.05). No association between training and BNP were found. Conclusions These results suggest that female runners may experience greater cardiac stress than males. In addition, runners with greater weekly training mileage experienced less cardiac stress post-race, while runners who ran too many 20+ mile long runs, experienced more cardiac stress post-marathon.
Optimizing Retrieval of Biospecimens Using the Curated Cancer Clinical Outcomes Database (C3OD).

To fully support their role in translational and personalized medicine, biorepositories and biobanks must continue to advance the annotation of their biospecimens with robust clinical and laborator...
Lexos 2017: building reliable software in python

Refactoring software is challenging, but necessary to ensure software correctness and extensibility. We present a plan that blends automated tools and human reviews when refactoring the back-end of a web-based application. The Lexos software, developed by the NEH-funded Lexomics Project, provides a simple, web-based workflow for text processing, statistical analysis, and visualization of results when exploring digitized texts. The development of Lexos spans six years and includes over fifty undergraduate developers, many who assumed leadership roles in architectural design and systems engineering over three software releases. This paper shares our current refactoring effort on the Python backend to produce Lexos v3.2, an effort that includes a transition from Python v2.7 to Python v3.6. Good software engineering practices guide the effort, including the use of type hinting, a Model-View-Control pattern, PEP 8 code and PEP 257 documentation styles, unit testing, and continuous integration.
Uterine Atony: The Most Common Cause of Postpartum Hemorrhage

A 39-year-old woman, G8P7, with polyhydramnios and von Willebrand disease (vWD) type 1 (L-1), is admitted in early labor [1, 2]. Her obstetrician had told her to come into Labor & Delivery at the first sign of labor. She is an obese and cheerful patient who tells everyone that this is her last baby and that this one had been a “wonderful accident.”
Genetic Dissection of Phomopsis Stem Canker Resistance in Cultivated Sunflower Using High Density SNP Linkage Map.

Phomopsis stem canker (PSC) caused by Diaporthe helianthi is increasingly becoming a global threat for sunflower production. In this study, the genetic basis of PSC resistance was investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between HA 89 (susceptible) and HA-R3 (resistant). The RIL population was evaluated for PSC disease incidence (DI) in seven screening trials at multiple locations during 2016–2018. The distribution of PSC DI in the RIL population was continuous, confirming a polygenic inheritance of the trait. A moderately high broad-sense heritability (H2, 0.76) was estimated for the trait across environments. In the combined analysis, both the genotype and the genotype × environment interactions were highly significant. A linkage map spanning 1505.33 cM was constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Marker–trait association analysis identified a total of 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with PSC resistance on 11 sunflower chromosomes, each explaining between 5.24 and 17.39% of the phenotypic variation. PSC resistance QTL were detected in two genomic regions each on chromosomes 3, 5, 13, and 17, while one QTL each was detected in the remaining seven chromosomes. Tightly linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers flanking the PSC resistance QTL will facilitate marker-assisted selection in PSC resistance sunflower breeding.
Obtusaquinone is a cysteine modifying compound that targets Keap1 for degradation

ABSTRACT We have previously identified the natural product Obtusaquinone (OBT) as a potent antineoplastic agent with promising in vivo activity in glioblastoma and breast cancer through the activation of oxidative stress; however, the molecular properties of this compound remained elusive. We used a multidisciplinary approach comprising medicinal chemistry, quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, functional studies in cancer cells, pharmacokinetic analysis, as well as mouse xenograft models to develop and validate novel OBT analogs and charaterize the molecular mechanism of action of OBT. We here show that OBT and analogs, which have improved pharmacological properties, bind to cysteine residues with particular affinity to cysteine-rich Keap1, a member of the CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This binding promotes an overall stress response and results in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Keap1 and downstream activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
Open communication of Duchenne muscular dystrophy facilitates disclosure process by parents to unaffected siblings

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive childhood onset neuromuscular disease with no known cure. There is extensive literature about the impact of a diagnosis on the psychosocial well-being of unaffected siblings, with a need for additional research to provide information about optimal ways to disclose this information to unaffected children. We sought to explore the parental experiences of disclosing a sibling's diagnosis of DMD to unaffected children who were age 8-17 years old either at the time of their sibling's diagnosis or presently. Parents were recruited through Maryland Muscular Dystrophy Association, Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Neuromuscular Center. An interview guide, rooted in family communication, was created to incorporate themes and topics found in literature specific to DMD and disclosure to unaffected siblings. We qualitatively explored these experiences through semi-structured interviews and performed thematic analysis using a coding system to identify overarching themes and subthemes. Several main themes regarding challenges to the disclosure process emerged. We identified the following themes in procedural aspects of disclosure: lack of provider support, importance of the DMD community, and open and gradual timeline of disclosure. Under emotional experiences, we identified these themes: overwhelming nature, elements of surprise disclosure, and balancing parental and sibling needs. Most questions from unaffected siblings related to procedural elements of care such as treatments and equipment. Additional unanticipated themes emerged that may contribute to the knowledge of family culture surrounding DMD: the complex role of Facebook as a family resource, deferring carrier testing for siblings, and inclusion of DMD in school projects. While the process of disclosure is complicated by a variety of factors such as lack of provider support and overwhelming emotional burden, families highlight the importance of open communication in discussion with unaffected children.
Making data-driven hypotheses for gene functions by integrating dependency, expression, and literature data

Abstract Identifying the key functions of human genes is a major biomedical research goal. While some genes are well-studied, most human genes we know little about. New tools in data science -- a combination of computer programming, math & statistics, and topical expertise -- combined with the rapid adoption of open science and data sharing allow scientists to access publicly available datasets and interrogate these data before performing any experiments. We present here a new research tool called data-driven hypothesis (DDH) for predicting pathways and functions for thousands of genes across the human genome. Importantly, this method integrates gene essentiality, gene expression, and literature mining to identify candidate molecular functions or pathways of known and unknown genes. Beyond single gene queries, DDH can uniquely handle queries of defined gene ontology pathways or custom gene lists containing multiple genes. The DDH project holds tremendous promise to generate hypotheses, data, and knowledge in order to provide a deep understanding of the dynamic properties of mammalian genes. We present this tool via an intuitive online interface, which will provide the scientific community a platform to query and prioritize experimental hypotheses to test in the lab.
The Race for Critical Minerals in an Era of Geopolitical Realignments

The decarbonisation of the global economy in response to the climate crisis and the fourth industrial revolution, featuring artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G networks (massively accelerated in re...
Management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: correlation of UIATS, ELAPSS, and PHASES with referral center practice

Concordance between the Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment Score (UIATS), Earlier Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Location, Age, Population, Size, Shape (ELAPSS) score, and Population, Hypertension, Age, Size, Earlier Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Site (PHASES) score with real-world management decisions in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains unclear, especially in current practice. This study aimed to investigate this concordance, while developing an optimal model predictive of recent decision practices at a quaternary referral center. A prospective database of patients presenting with UIAs to our institution from January 1 to December 31, 2018, was used. Concordance between the scores and real-world management decisions on every UIA was assessed. Complications and length of stay (LOS) were compared between aneurysms in the UIATS-recommended treatment and observation groups. A subgroup analysis of concordance was also conducted among junior and senior surgeons. An optimal logistic regression model predictive of real-world decisions was also derived. The cohort consisted of 198 patients with 271 UIAs, of which 42% were treated. The UIATS demonstrated good concordance with an AUC of 0.765. Of the aneurysms in the UIATS-recommended “observation” group, 22% were discordantly treated. The ELAPSS score demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.793), unlike the PHASES score (AUC = 0.579). Endovascular treatment rates, complications, and LOS were similar between aneurysms in the UIATS-recommended treatment and observation groups. Similar concordance was obtained among junior and senior surgeons. The optimal predictive model consisted of several significantly associated variables and had an AUC of 0.942. Cerebrovascular specialists may be treating aneurysms slightly more than these scores would recommend, independently of years in practice. Wide variation still exists in management practices of UIAs.
Patients with Apparent Life-Threatening Events meeting criteria for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events: a secondary analysis from a prospective registry

Purpose: In 2016, the Subcommittee on Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTE) of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a clinical practice guideline renaming ALTE as Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE). The purpose of this study is to identify the proportion of patients previously diagnosed with apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) who would meet criteria for brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) and to identify rates of significant outcomes in the following subgroups: ALTE not meeting criteria for BRUE, low-risk BRUE, and non-low-risk BRUE. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a single-center prospective registry of …
Emotional Well-being During the First Four Months of COVID-19 in the United States.

Relative to younger adults, older adults have demonstrated higher emotional well-being in the face of the threats of COVID-19 (e.g., Bruine de Bruin in J Gerontol https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa074 , 2020) and other events (Bonanno and Diminich in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:378–401, 2013). Thus, we predicted that levels of well-being would show minimal change in the first 4 months of COVID-19, with older adults faring better than younger adults. Adults (N = 325, M age = 39.7, SD = 12.3) were surveyed before the pandemic began and at four additional time points throughout the first 4 months of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Participants provided demographic information and completed measures of positive and negative affect. Latent growth curves were used to analyze changes in well-being over time, with age as a covariate. There was a significant linear increase in positive affect. Older age was positively associated with initial levels, but age was not associated with the slope. There was a significant curvilinear pattern in negative affect, with an initial increase, which, although remaining elevated, exhibited slow decreases over time. Age was significantly and negatively associated with initial negative affect, but age did not influence the shape or rate of change over time. We detected changes in both positive affect and negative affect during the first 4 months of COVID-19. The magnitude of these changes suggests that the stress of COVID-19 does not lead to an immediate decrease in well-being. Moreover, although older adults showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect relative to other adults, age differences in the trajectory of change did not emerge. Delayed and long-term effects on well-being and whether those effects are age-invariant should be examined over longer periods of time.
Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) mediates progesterone receptor-driven stemness and endocrine resistance in oestrogen receptor+ breast cancer.

Progesterone receptors (PR) are potent modifiers of endocrine responses. In aberrant signalling cancer contexts, phosphorylation events dramatically alter steroid hormone receptor action. The transcriptomes of primary tumours and metastases in mice harbouring ER+ breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were analysed following single-cell RNAseq. In vitro assays were employed to delineate mechanisms of endocrine resistance and stemness. A 16-gene phospho-Ser294 PR (p-PR) signature predicted poor outcome in ER+ breast cancer. Relative to primary PDX tumours, metastatic lesions expressed abundant p-PR and exhibited an activated PR gene programme with elevated expression of PGR and IRS-1. Breast cancer models of activated PR lost the expression of IGF1R and acquired insulin hypersensitivity with tamoxifen insensitivity. Activated p-PR+ breast cancer cells formed increased tumourspheres with enlarged ALDH+ and CD24−/CD44 populations. E2 induced PR/IRS-1 interaction and exchange of IGF1Rβ for IRS-1 in p-PR-containing transcriptional complexes. Inhibition of IRS-1 or IR and inducible IRS-1 knockdown reduced tumourspheres. Endocrine-resistant models of luminal B breast cancer induced p-PR in 3D cultures and required PR and IRS-1 for tumoursphere formation. Phospho-PR-B cooperates with IRS-1 to promote outgrowth of endocrine-resistant and stem-like breast cancer cells. Targeting phospho-PR/IRS-1 crosstalk may block the emergence of endocrine resistance.
Henry R. Viets, MD, and the history of myasthenia gravis

Henry R. Viets (1890-1969) was both a noted neurologist and medical historian. While at Harvard Medical School, from which he graduated in 1916, he attracted the attention of Harvey Cushing who directed Viets into these disciplines. Cushing arranged for Viets to take a fellowship in Oxford in the year after his graduation. With Cushing's recommendation, he lived with Sir William and Lady Osler and did research with the famous neurologist Sir Charles Sherrington. Viets was in London in 1935 when he heard about the remarkable success of Mary Walker in treating myasthenia gravis, first with physostigmine and then with neostigmine (Prostigmin). Securing an ampoule of this drug, he took it to the Massachusetts General Hospital where he was an attending neurologist and in March 1935 injected it into a myasthenic patient with great success. He established the first Myasthenia Gravis clinic in the world and was a pioneer in the treatment of this once obscure disease; he evaluated hundreds of patients and published many articles on myasthenia. He continued this association for more than 30 years. Under the tutelage of Cushing and Osler, Viets became a medical historian and bibliophile, publishing hundreds of articles and several books on many different subjects in the history of medicine. He was a president of the American Association for the History of Medicine and curator of the Boston Medical Library that eventually joined with the Harvard Medical School Library. Viets served on the Editorial Board of the New England Journal of Medicine for 40 years.
Digital health regulatory and policy considerations

Abstract The objectives of this chapter are to familiarize the reader with the role of government policy, regulatory, and legislation particular to digital healthcare and medical products. Healthcare is highly regulated and serves as one of the largest industrial sectors of the global economy. It accounts for approximately $10 Trillion dollars spent annually and includes a complex interrelated web of businesses, vendors, insurers, providers, organizations, and most importantly, patients. Healthcare regulations originate from decades old frameworks, often ill-suited for the rapid advancement of technological innovation and growth. Digital health has become a disruptive force currently changing significant aspects of the business of healthcare. The pace of innovation has to be balanced with minimizing risk for patients. This chapter briefly introduces the reader to how the US system of government is organized, how laws are created, how rules are derived from law, and how governmental agencies implement those laws, draft regulations, and set policy. It specifically highlights several agencies within the US Department of Health and Human Services that affect the development, reimbursement, and ultimately the adoption of digital health. It closes by describing the international regulation of digital health.
ADAR1 deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice

This study identifies adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 as a novel factor promoting high-fat diet-induced obesity, at least partially, through modulating appetite-related genes ghrelin and PYY.
Leveraging Pseudomonas Stress Response Mechanisms for Industrial Applications

Members of the genus Pseudomonas are metabolically versatile and capable of adapting to a wide variety of environments. Stress physiology of Pseudomonas strains has been extensively studied because of their biotechnological potential in agriculture as well as their medical importance with regards to pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. This versatility and scientific relevance led to a substantial amount of information regarding the stress response of a diverse set of species such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. aeruginosa, and P. syringae. In this review, environmental and industrial stressors including desiccation, heat, and cold stress, are cataloged along with their corresponding mechanisms of survival in Pseudomonas. Mechanisms of survival are grouped by the type of inducing stress with a focus on adaptations such as synthesis of protective substances, biofilm formation, entering a non-culturable state, enlisting chaperones, transcription and translation regulation, and altering membrane composition. The strategies Pseudomonas strains utilize for survival can be leveraged during the development of beneficial strains to increase viability and product efficacy.
Performance of three molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 on a university campus estimated jointly with Bayesian latent class modeling

ABSTRACT Accurate tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been critical in efforts to control its spread. The accuracy of molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 has been assessed numerous times, usually in reference to a gold standard diagnosis. One major disadvantage of that approach is the possibility of error due to inaccuracy of the gold standard, which is especially problematic for evaluating testing in a real-world surveillance context. We used an alternative approach known as Bayesian latent class modeling (BLCM), which circumvents the need to designate a gold standard by simultaneously estimating the accuracy of multiple tests. We applied this technique to a collection of 1,716 tests of three types applied to 853 individuals on a university campus during a one-week period in October 2020. We found that reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of saliva samples performed at a campus facility had higher sensitivity (median: 0.923; 95% credible interval: 0.732-0.996) than RT-PCR testing of nasal samples performed at a commercial facility (median: 0.859; 95% CrI: 0.547-0.994). The reverse was true for specificity, although the specificity of saliva testing was still very high (median: 0.993; 95% CrI: 0.983-0.999). An antigen test was less sensitive and specific than both of the RT-PCR tests. These results suggest that RT-PCR testing of saliva samples at a campus facility can be an effective basis for surveillance screening to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a university setting.
Coding in School Libraries: Considering an Ethical Approach

This overview demonstrates the need for school librarians to consider supplementing coding instruction with ethical discussions. School librarians are increasingly incorporating coding into library instruction through play, tutorials, collaboration in content areas, and design thinking projects. To enhance students’ ethical decision making and empathy for others, school librarians can also incorporate ethical decision-making into coding activities. In this article, the authors explain why this is important, and present an ethical discussion model. These strategies may help school librarians work towards teaching social justice issues as part of coding programming.
The Cultural Appropriator

Did you ever wear a sombrero, and are not Mexican? Then you are a cultural appropriator, you heinous creature, you! Ditto for a sari, and are not Indian. Yalmica? Jewish. You are a monster. You are evil. You have appropriated the culture of downtrodden peoples, and thus exploited them. Opposition to cultural appropriation went so far at a politically correct university, that a free yoga class had to be cancelled. Not only did this constitute cultural appropriation, but, to add insult to injury, it was taught by, horrors!, a white woman. According to cancel culture, yoga was derived from cultures that have suffered oppression from toxic white males.
How to count modes and deduce limits in optics

Optical communications and linear optical devices can be efficiently and precisely described by the modes obtained by the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the coupling operator. This uniquely gives all the orthogonal channels between input and output spaces. It leads to general sum rules that generalize diffraction and clarify counting of channels, and modal limits on device complexity. Novel physical laws apply only to these SVD modes.
Association Between Nonsurgical Weight Loss from BMI>40 to BMI<40 and Complications and Readmissions following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is unknown if preoperative weight loss to a BMI under 40kg/m2 is associated with adverse outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed elective, primary THA performed at an academic center from 2015-2019. Patients were split into groups based on their BMI trajectory prior to THA: BMI consistently 40 at the time of surgery (“BMI>40”); and BMI >40 within 2 years preoperatively, but Results 1,589 subjects were included (BMI 40: 96, Weight Loss: 106). The rate of complications in each group was 3.5%, 6.3%, 8.5% and the rate of 30-day readmissions was 3.0%, 4.2%, and 7.5%, respectively. Compared to the BMI 40 group had increased median LOS (10% increase, p=0.03), but no difference in readmission or complications (p>0.05) compared to BMI Conclusion Weight loss from BMI>40 to BMI 40 wasn’t.
Chapter 2 Modeling the cerebellum: From adaptation to coordination

We review data showing that the cerebellum is required for adaptation both of saccadic eye movements to consistent shifts in target position and of throwing when the subject wears a wedge prism. We then model the saccade adaptation in terms of plasticity of synapses from parallel fibers to Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex, stressing the integration of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in microzones as the units for correction of motor pattern generators. The model uses a “window of eligibility” to ensure that error signals that elicit a corrective movement are used to adjust the original movement, not the secondary movement. We also find that correction involves not only adjustment of the original motor pattern generator (MPG) but modulated deployment of other MPGs to yield a successful overall movement. Finally, we extend this model to account for adaptation of throwing.
Legacy of the Lorraine Motel and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

On April 4, 1968, Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee, while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. This tragic event cast a bright light globally on the civil rights movement in the United States. The Lorraine Motel was later transformed into the National Civil Rights Museum (NCRM). This case study examines the NCRM as a dark tourism site and its impact on visitors. Content analysis was conducted on 70 web postings about visits to the NCRM obtained from TripAdvisor. Four key themes were identified based on the analysis of the data: remembering the assassination of Dr. King; immersion into the “aura” of death at the Lorraine Motel site; the conveyance of history related to the civil rights movement in the U.S.; and the transformative power of the NCRM and its related exhibits. Key findings included: (a) The exhibits featured at the NCRM play an important role in conveying the history of civil rights movement to U.S. born and international visitors; (b) visitors experience the “aura of death” when visiting the more graphic exhibits displayed by the NCRM; and (c) for both U.S. and international tourists, a visit to the NCRM, and the assassination site of Dr. King specifically, is both transformative and commemorative. The NCRM has evolved into an attractive destination for African American families, as well as regional and foreign tourists.
IPS OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR WIND VELOCITY AND MICROSCALE DENSITY IRREGULARITIES IN THE INNER SOLAR WIND

ABSTRACT Preliminary results are presented from a recent interplanetary scintillation (IPS) experiment using the MERLIN radio-telescope array in England. The mean and rms velocity are studied versus distance from 10-100 R o and latitudes 80 deg S to 50 deg N, at a time of high solar activity. Also estimated over this range is the axial ratio of the microscale density structures responsible for the scintillation. Whereas the mean velocity shows little systematic variation with either distance or latitude, the rms velocity and axial ratio increase toward the sun. The microscale density spectrum forms a continuum with the spectrum of compressive fluctuations reported from Helios measurements over 0.3-1.0 AU.