cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional role of gangliotetraosylceramide in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process induced by hypoxia and by TGF-β

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a basic cellular process that plays a key role in normal embryonic development and in cancer progression/metastasis. Our previous study indicated that EMT processes of mouse and human epithelial cells induced by TGF-β display clear reduction of gangliotetraosylceramide (Gg4) and ganglioside GM2, suggesting a close association of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with EMT. In the present study, using normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells, we found that levels of Gg4 and of mRNA for the UDP-Gal:β1-3galactosyltransferase-4 (β3GalT4) gene, responsible for reduction of Gg4, were reduced in EMT induced by hypoxia (∼1% O(2)) or CoCl(2) (hypoxia mimic), similarly to that for TGF-β-induced EMT. An increase in the Gg4 level by its exogenous addition or by transfection of the β3GalT4 gene inhibited the hypoxia-induced or TGF-β-induced EMT process, including changes in epithelial cell morphology, enhanced motility, and associated changes in epithelial vs. mesenchymal molecules. We also found that Gg4 is closely associated with E-cadherin and β-catenin. These results suggest that the β3GalT4 gene, responsible for Gg4 expression, is down-regulated in EMT; and Gg4 has a regulatory function in the EMT process in NMuMG cells, possibly through interaction with epithelial molecules important to maintain epithelial cell membrane organization.
Multivariate resultants in Bernstein basis

Macaulay and Dixon resultant formulations are proposed for parametrized multivariate polynomial systems represented in Bernstein basis. It is proved that the Macaulay resultant for a polynomial system in Bernstein basis vanishes for the total degree case if and only if the either the polynomial system has a common Bernstein-toric root, a common infinite root, or the leading forms of the polynomial system obtained by replacing every variable xi in the original polynomial system by yi/1+yi have a non-trivial common root. For the Dixon resultant formulation, the rank sub-matrix constructions for the original system and the transformed system are shown to be essentially equivalent. Known results about exactness of Dixon resultants of a sub-class of polynomial systems as discussed in Chtcherba and Kapur in Journal of Symbolic Computation (August, 2003) carry over to polynomial systems represented in the Bernstein basis. Furthermore, in certain cases, when the extraneous factor in a projection operator constructed from the Dixon resultant formulation is precisely known, such results also carry over to projection operators of polynomial systems in the Bernstein basis where extraneous factors are precisely known. Applications of these results in the context of geometry theorem proving, implicitization and intersection of surfaces with curves are discussed. While Macaulay matrices become large when polynomials in Bernstein bases are used for problems in these applications, Dixon matrices are roughly of the same size.
Modelling the effect of the missing fundamental with an attractor neural network

In order to investigate the use of attractor neural networks (ANNS) in modelling real phenomena of human perception, we developed an ANN model of spectrum-invariant pitch recognition that was aimed at cortical mechanisms of pitch perception, and tested the model in computer experiments which were arranged to be compatible with three pitch-identification psychophysical experiments with human subjects. The results of computer and actual experiments are qualitatively the same, and quantitatively they depart at most by 10%, which can be considered to be in good agreement. It is shown that the present ANN model can provide an explanation for the different efficacies of lower and upper harmonics in conveying the missing fundamental pitch percept, by means of one universal cortical mechanism. In our model, a complex tone evokes the pattern of activity that consists of a particular combination of ‘isofrequency’ stripes in the ANN that represents the relevant part of the primary auditory cortex (AI). Recognition o...
Analysis of the normal stress extruder

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the pumping characteristics of the normal stress extruder was made. The theoretical model requires only material property data and extruder dimensions and rotation speed to evaluate the main velocity field, flow rate, and pressure. The flow from the extruder was measured for two viscoelastic polymer solutions and a polymer melt as a function of gap setting and angular velocity. These measurements were in reasonable agreement with the proposed model.
A critical examination of the assumptions underlying macroscopic transport equations for silicon devices

Assumptions used to derive macroscopic transport equations for silicon devices are critically examined. The position- and momentum-dependent distribution function for a silicon n-i-n diode is obtained from a rigorous solution to the Boltzmann equation, and various macroscopic quantities, such as the electron temperature tensor, energy and heat fluxes, and mobility, are rigorously evaluated and compared with widely used approximations. The common approximation of the heat flux by Fourier's law is shown to differ substantially from the actual heat flux. The results also show that at a given energy, the mobility within a submicrometer device can be much different than that for electrons at the same energy in bulk silicon. >
L'effet des comparaisons implicites et explicites sur la formulation temporelle des prix

Les recherches existantes se sont interessees aux strategies de cadrage des prix en depenses quotidiennes (PDQ) consistant a transformer une depense “agregee” en une depense “par jour” (Nagle et Holden, 1995; Price, 1995; Gourville, 1998). Cet article poursuit ces recherches en considerant l'impact supplementaire de la comparaison explicite du cout d'une offre avec de petites depenses quotidiennes specifiques (par exemple, une tasse de cafe) sur l'acceptation de l'offre. Nous montrons qu'en presence du cadrage des prix “par jour” (par exemple, 1 $ par jour), une comparaison explicite induit peu de valeur ajoutee. Nous constatons cependant qu'en presence d'un cadrage “agrege” du prix (par exemple, 350 $), une comparaison explicite avec de petites depenses quotidiennes est suffisante pour induire une perspective de “prix en depenses quotidiennes” (PDQ). Nous en concluons que ce n'est pas un cadrage “par jour”, en soi, qui conduit a l'efficacite de la strategie de “prix en depenses quotidiennes”, mais les co...
Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in the Habsburg Empire, 1827–1910

This article analyses a new series of prices and wages stretching back to 1827 for the provinces of the Habsburg Empire. These real wage series are the first continuous and consistent indicator of changing living standards in this part of Europe during industrialization. They show that while the living standards stagnated throughout the monarchy prior to 1850s, the West (unlike the East) was able to launch onto a path of continuous growth in the second half of the century. The empire experienced little convergence onto the living standards of its neighbors and even internally the convergence record is mixed.
ApoE enhances lipid uptake by macrophages in lipoprotein lipase deficiency during pregnancy

A woman with primary lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency developed marked hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, eruptive xanthomas, and unusual palmar xanthomas during pregnancy. Hypotheses to account for the palmar xanthomas were that oxidative modification of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins occurred due to increased plasma residence time, or that their apolipoprotein E (apoE) content was abnormally elevated. Indices of oxidation of her TG-rich lipoproteins did not support the hypothesis that oxidative changes were a causative factor for her xanthomata. However, degradation of her TG-rich lipoproteins by macrophages was markedly increased (1844 ng/mg protein) during pregnancy as compared to hypertriglyceridemic (with normal LPL) and normotriglyceridemic controls (352 and 126 ng/mg protein, respectively). Post pregnancy the degradation of the subject's TG-rich lipoproteins fell to 289 ng/mg protein. Compositional analysis showed significant enrichment of the particles with apoE (0.97 mass ratio of apoE:apoB during pregnancy, in contrast to 0.38 for normolipidemic controls), and was correlated with the rate of degradation of the TG-rich lipoproteins. Thus, the increased uptake of the TG-rich lipoproteins by macrophages appears to be the result of an unusual enrichment of these lipoproteins with apoE.
STPA-based Method to Identify and Control Feature Interactions in Large Complex Systems☆

Abstract This research develops and evaluates a new approach that can be applied during STPA Step 1 (identify Unsafe Control Actions) to efficiently identify complex feature interactions among multiple controllers that can result in dysfunctional system behavior. The new approach is applied and evaluated using several automated automotive systems with an emphasis on controllers that may interact or interfere with each other directly or indirectly. The approach is shown to analyze hundreds of interactions with an order of magnitude less effort than has been possible previously. In addition, formal methods are applied to support reasoning about completeness and to enable tool assistance during the search for dysfunctional interactions. Humans are explicitly included as controllers that may interact with automated systems, and accident scenarios involving complex human interactions such as software-induced human errors can be identified.
Refractive Error in Children

• Emmetropization is guided by genetics but modified by environmental influences. No definitive treatments have emerged.
Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Four Different Devices for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Design of the LEOPARD Trial

Results: The analysis included 43 patients (53% males), mean age of 51 6 12 years. Three patients presented #6 hours, and 32 presented >24 hours. Left upper limb (UL) was involved in 34 patients (79%). Of the 43 patients, 12 (27%) had cardiac source of embolus; 23 (53%) had unprovoked thrombosis, and 7 (17%) had other etiologies. Twenty-nine of 43 underwent surgery (transbrachial embolectomy), and the rest (34%) were managed conservatively (anticoagulation, prostacyclin infusion). Four required cervical rib excision, including two subclavian aneurysm repair, and three underwent proximal subclavian stenting of 29 surgical patients. Failure to revascularize was observed in 2 patients, 4 patients had rethrombosis in the operating room, and 1 patient underwent primary amputation. Seven had reocclusion in immediate postoperative period, requiring intervention. Three had amputation. The mortality rate was 4.6% due to cardiac complications. At the end of 1 month, 69% had patent flow, with a total limb salvage rate of 89% after surgery. Conclusions: AULI constitutes w12% of acute extremities ischemia. Unprovoked thrombosis is the most common etiology in comparison with Western populations. Choice of initial treatment of patients with AULI may be based on the severity of the ischemia, and those patients with less severe acute ischemia benefit from initial conservative treatment. Late surgical intervention resulted in higher morbidity and lower limb salvage, as observed in our study.
Effect of Ca2+ and Zn2+ on UO2 dissolution rates.

The dissolution of UO2 in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in the presence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ was investigated under experimental conditions relevant to contaminated groundwater systems. Complementary experiments were performed to investigate the effect of adsorption and precipitation reactions on UO2 dissolution. The experiments were performed under anoxic and oxic conditions. Zn2+ had a much greater inhibitory effect on UO2 dissolution than did Ca2+. This inhibition was most substantial under oxic conditions, where the experimental rate of UO2 dissolution was 7 times lower in the presence of Ca2+ and 1450 times lower in the presence of Zn2+ than in water free of divalent cations. EXAFS and solution chemistry analyses of UO2 solids recovered from a Ca experiment suggest that a Ca–U(VI) phase precipitated. The Zn carbonate hydrozincite [Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6] or a structurally similar phase precipitated on the UO2 solids recovered from experiments performed in the presence of Zn. These precipitated Ca an...
Mediation with pseudomediation controlled: Chaining is not an artifact!

Mandler & Earhard (1964) have shed doubt on the legitimacy of interpreting facilitated Stage 3 performance in the paired associate A-B, B-C, A-C chaining paradigm as being due to mediating associations. This problem was examined further in the present study by investigating simultaneously four three-stage PA paradigms, Mandler and Earhard’ s two paradigms, plus an additional control and the “classic ” chaining paradigm. Performance in Stage 3 under chaining conditions was clearly and significantly superior to performance under all other conditions. No evidence for so-called “pseudo-mediation ” effects was obtained. It was concluded that a mediational interpretation for the observed facilitation under chaining conditions remains highly tenable.
Analysis of Laterality and Percentage of Tumor Involvement in 1386 Prostatectomized Specimens for Selection of Unilateral Focal Cryotherapy

In total, 1386 paraffin embedded radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) excised between 2002-06 were analyzed. Pathologic assessment paid particular attention to laterality and percentage of tumor involvement (PTI) along with pathologic Gleason Score (pGS). Completely unilateral cancers were identified in 254 (18.3%) patients, and in 39% cases of them the signs of clinically significant PCa were revealed. The majority of unilateral tumors (72%) were low volume with a PTI of < or =5. This study suggests that only a select group of men diagnosed with PCa have completely unilateral cancers that would be amenable to focal ablation therapy targeting 1 lobe. Further study is needed to develop predictive models for those patients likely to have small, unilateral cancers that may be amenable to focal therapy.
Acrylamide gel electrophoretic abnormalities in chronic lymphatic leukemic sera.

Using disk acrylamide gel electrophoresis, an abnormal pattern was found in all sera from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia but in none of the sera from normal persons or patients with lymphosarcoma. The abnormality is the presence of an intense band (X) cathodal to the usual pretransferrin band (P) of normal sera. The P bands were either absent or very weak in all sera of the patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia.
The effects of septic complications upon the serum protein changes associated with thermal injury.

SUMMARY. The levels of 12 serum proteins including 'acute-phase reactants', immunoglobulins and albumin were measured in 20 patients suffering from thermal bums. The acute-phase reactants: C-reactive protein, a-I antitrypsin, a-I antichy­ motrypsin, haptoglobin and orosomucoid, all increased in concentration. Highest levels, which showed significant correlations with injury severity, occurred at 6-8 days post-bum. The levels of albumin, a-I lipoprotein and transferrin were decreased. The immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM showed an initial decrease followed by a steady return to normal levels. Four patients, of whom three died, developed serious sepsis. The levels of a-I antichymotrypsin and C-reactive protein were much higher in patients with sepsis than in those without sepsis. The highest levels occurred during and often before the episode of sepsis was clinically evident. The immunoglobulins especially IgG and IgA were lower in those patients who developed sepsis than in those who did not. The results suggest that the serum levels of either C-reactive protein or a-I antichymotrypsin could be used both as an aid to diagnosis of sepsis and also to monitor the effect of therapy. Among the many effects of bum injury upon the human body are profound and long-lasting alterations in the levels of certain plasma proteins. The reasons underlying these changes are evidently complex, but it is possible that they are due to changes in both synthesis and catabolism of individual proteins as well as to alteration of distribution volume as a result of changes in permeability of blood vessel walls. In general, the changes among plasma proteins are probably best considered from the point of view of groups showing like behaviour. The so-called 'acute-phase reactants' (APRs) are a group of proteins whose levels increase after injury or trauma. The detailed behaviour of these proteins, and of others showing different patterns of change, may be influenced both by the severity of injury and the clinical course of the recovery period. Hence an analysis of the behaviour of the APRs may provide diagnostic information concerning mor­ bidity during recovery.
A tool box strategy using Bacteroides genetic markers to differentiate human from non-human sources of fecal contamination in natural water.

Abstract Bacteroides genetic markers have been widely used to identify fecal pollution of water originating from human and animal sources. Many of the assays currently used for detecting human-specific Bacteroides produce false positive results. The focus of this study was to develop a microbial source tracking (MST) tool box strategy for differentiating Bacteroides from human and animal sources. Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene sequences from fish and selected animals were aligned against human fecal Bacteroides isolates to compare and characterize the variable regions within the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Conserved sequences between 4 variable regions were deleted and the truncated sequences were combined to develop a hyper-variable genomic segment (HVGS). The cladogram created from truncated sequences show a clear separation of Bacteroides from human feces and those from animal sources. The proposed strategy was field tested by collecting water samples from central Arizona source waters and three different recreational ponds. PCR using HF134 and HF183 primer sets was performed and sequences from positive reactions were aligned against human Bacteroides sequences to identify the source of contamination. Based on PCR results, the source of fecal contamination was presumptively identified as either human or from another source. For samples testing positive using the HF183 primer set (8/13), fecal contamination was presumed to be from human sources, but to confirm the results, PCR products were sequenced and aligned against the four variable regions and then incorporated within the truncated cladogram. As expected, the sequences from water samples with human fecal contamination grouped in a separate clade. A variability matrix, developed after exclusion of conserved sequences among the four regions, was utilized to establish discrete groupings for sequences within the truncated cladogram, generally differentiating Bacteroides isolates from varying host animals, but most importantly, separating Bacteroides from human feces from Bacteroides from other animals. The proposed strategy offers a new tool box method for MST and a step-wise methodology essential for identifying human sources of fecal pollution.
Evaluation of Emerging Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Computing Platforms for Biomolecular and Cellular Simulation Workloads

Many of the continuing scientific advances achieved through computational biology are predicated on the availability of ongoing increases in computational power required for detailed simulation and analysis of cellular processes on biologically-relevant timescales. A critical challenge facing the development of future exascale supercomputer systems is the development of new computing hardware and associated scientific applications that dramatically improve upon the energy efficiency of existingsolutions, while providing increased simulation, analysis, and visualization performance. Mobile computing platforms have recently become powerful enough to support interactive molecular visualization tasks that were previously only possible on laptops and workstations, creating future opportunities for their convenient use for meetings, remote collaboration, and as head mounted displays for immersive stereoscopic viewing. We describe early experiences adapting several biomolecular simulation and analysis applications for emerging heterogeneous computing platforms that combine power-efficient system-on-chip multi-core CPUs with high-performance massively parallel GPUs. We present low-cost power monitoring instrumentation that provides sufficient temporal resolution to evaluate the power consumption of individualCPU algorithms and GPU kernels. We compare the performance and energy efficiency of scientific applications running on emerging platforms with results obtained on traditional platforms, identify hardware and algorithmic performance bottlenecks that affect the usability of these platforms, and describe avenues for improving both the hardware and applications in pursuit of the needs of molecular modeling tasks on mobile devices and future exascale computers.
The Reaction Mechanism with Free Energy Barriers at Constant Potentials for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at the IrO2 (110) Surface

How to efficiently oxidize H2O to O2 (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is a great challenge due to its complex charge transfer process, high overpotential, and corrosion. So far no OER mechanism has been fully explained atomistically with both thermodynamic and kinetics. IrO2 is the only known OER catalyst with both high catalytic activity and stability in acidic conditions. This is important because PEC experiments often operate at extreme pH conditions. In this work, we performed first-principles calculations integrated with implicit solvation at constant potentials to examine the detailed atomistic reaction mechanism of OER at the IrO2 (110) surface. We determined the surface phase diagram, explored the possible reaction pathways including kinetic barriers, and computed reaction rates based on the microkinetic models. This allowed us to resolve several long-standing puzzles about the atomistic OER mechanism.
Paediatric rheumatic diseases: Navigating the transition from paediatric to adult care

New guidelines from EULAR and the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society recommend a set of quality standards for the care of young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases during their transfer from paediatric to adult rheumatology care providers. Can the application of these guidelines prevent patients from getting lost in the system?
A Causal Speech Enhancement Approach Combining Data-driven Learning and Suppression Rule Estimation

The problem of single-channel speech enhancement has been traditionally addressed by using statistical signal processing algorithms that are designed to suppress time-frequency regions affected by noise. We study an alternative data-driven approach which uses deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn the transformation from noisy and reverberant speech to clean speech, with a focus on real-time applications which require low-latency causal processing. We examine several structures in which deep learning can be used within an enhancement system. These include end-to-end DNN regression from noisy to clean spectra, as well as less intervening approaches which estimate a suppression gain for each time-frequency bin instead of directly recovering the clean spectral features. We also propose a novel architecture in which the general structure of a conventional noise suppressor is preserved, but the sub-tasks are independently learned and carried out by separate networks. It is shown that DNN-based suppression gain estimation outperforms the regression approach in the causal processing mode and for noise types that are not seen during DNN training.
Effects of Varying Exit Exposure and Energy Spectrum on the Conspicuity of Calcifications and Masses in Digitally Acquired Mammograms of Cadaveric Breasts

Screen film mammography is currently accepted as being the best method available for the early detection of breast cancer. Digital mammography promises to replace screen film mammography as the primary screening tool of the future. The primary advantage it offers is the ability to perform image processing for optimisation of image contrast, which may be especially useful for lesion detection in patients with dense breasts [1] and may, despite its lower spatial resolution, make it more effective than conventional mammography at detecting lesions. Screen film systems are limited because there is no possibility for image contrast enhancement and hence when imaging thick or dense breasts, which require a higher energy spectrum for penetration and dose reduction, there is a loss of subject contrast resulting in a loss of calcification detection [2].
Contribution of Urocortin to the Development of Excessive Drinking

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system plays a role in alcohol consumption, and its dysregulation can contribute to alcohol use disorder. This system includes four peptide ligands: CRF, urocortin (Ucn)1, Ucn2, and Ucn3. Historically, attention focused on CRF, however, Ucn1 also plays a critical role in excessive alcohol use. This review covers evidence for this contribution and contrasts the role of Ucn1 with CRF. While CRF can promote binge consumption, this regulation occurs through generalized mechanisms that are not specific for alcohol. In contrast, inhibition of Ucn1 action specifically blunts escalation of alcohol drinking. Lesions, genetic knockout, and RNA interference experiments indicate that the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus is the neuroanatomical source of Ucn1 critical for alcohol drinking. We propose that the contributions of Ucn1 to excessive drinking likely occur through enhancing rewarding properties of alcohol and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, whereas CRF drives dependence-induced drinking at later stages of alcohol use. The transition from occasional binge drinking to dependence intricately depends on CRF system plasticity and coordination of CRF and Ucn1.
Human–Systems Integration Verification Principles for Commercial Space Transportation

Abstract This article presents an experience-based research effort on human–systems integration (HSI) verification principles for commercial space transportation (CST). CST HSI safety, efficiency, ...
Treatment of Convergence Excess Esotropia: Prism Adaptation

Difficulties involved in effectively treating convergence excess esotropia have prompted the extension of the use of prism adaptation to patients with this type of strabismus. Through the use of pr...
Research on smoking and lung cancer: a landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology.

Abstract This paper describes the history of the epidemiologic research on lung cancer prior to 1970 and its effect on chronic disease epidemiology. In the 1930s, epidemiology was largely concerned with acute infectious diseases. As the evidence grew that the incidence of lung cancer was increasing among men, however, epidemiologists undertook research into the etiology of the disease. In 1950, Doll and Hill, in England, and Wynder and Graham, in the United States, published substantial case-control studies that implicated the use of tobacco as a major risk factor for the disease. A controversy developed over the credibility of this finding and was increased in 1954 when a cohort study by Doll and Hill and another by Hammond and Horn each gave estimates that the risk of lung cancer was greatly increased among smokers relative to the risk among comparable non-smokers. An account is given of the disputes surrounding these and related studies. The controversy had a stimulating effect in fostering the developing discipline of chronic disease and epidemiology.
Multichannel surface wave analysis of reinforced concrete pipe segments using longitudinal and circumferential waves induced by a point impact

Abstract In this paper, we extend the multichannel surface wave (MASW) analysis method for non-destructive testing (NDT) of medium to large diameter concrete pipe segments. In a typical MASW investigation, experimentally obtained surface wave records from an elastic medium are transformed into dispersion curves and compared with the appropriate theory to inversely determine the unknown parameters of the medium. We extend this procedure for the lengthwise and circumferential inspection of an individual concrete pipe segment by employing longitudinal and circumferential waves. These waves are generated by a point impact applied perpendicular to the pipe surface. Using finite element based simulations, it is first shown that the dispersion properties of surface waves traveling along two orthogonal cross-sections of a pipe segment, which intersect the impact point, agrees with the corresponding theoretical properties of longitudinal modes in an infinite hollow cylinder and circumferential Lamb wave modes in a circular annulus. This forms the basis for implementing the MASW method along the lengthwise and angular directions of the pipe, independently. Using the lessons learned from numerical study, an experimental demonstration of the proposed angular MASW implementation is carried out in a reinforced concrete pipe segment held under laboratory conditions. Equations for a cylindrical version of the phase-shift based wavefield transform given in [1] is presented for use in this process and its effectiveness to extract the angular phase velocity spectra from an actual record is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that multi-modal dispersion curves can be extracted from an actual reinforced concrete pipe segment and its unknown elastic properties can be determined using the proposed method. The numerical models developed in this paper are validated by comparing its results against the measured data.
Epistatic Networks Associated with Parent-of-Origin Effects on Metabolic Traits

ABSTRACT Parent-of-origin effects (POE) are unexpectedly common in complex traits, including metabolic and neurological diseases. POE can also be modified by the environment, but the architecture of these gene-by-environmental effects on phenotypes remains to be unraveled. Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) showing context-specific POE on metabolic traits were mapped in the F16 generation of an advanced intercross between LG/J and SM/J inbred mice. However, these QTL were not enriched for known imprinted genes, suggesting another mechanism is needed to explain these POE phenomena. Here, we use a simple yet powerful F1 reciprocal cross model to test the hypothesis that non-imprinted genes can generate complex POE on metabolic traits through genetic interactions with imprinted genes. Male and female mice from a F1 reciprocal cross of LG/J and SM/J strains were fed either high or low fat diets. We generated expression profiles from three metabolically-relevant tissues: hypothalamus, white adipose, and liver. We identified two classes of parent-of-origin expression biases: genes showing parent-of-origin-dependent allele-specific expression and biallelic genes that are differentially expressed by reciprocal cross. POE patterns of both gene classes are highly tissue- and context-specific, sometimes occurring only in one sex and/or diet cohort in a particular tissue. We then constructed tissue-specific interaction networks among genes from these two classes of POE. Some gene pairs show significant epistasis in the F16 LG/J × SM/J advanced intercross data in cases where the biallelic gene fell within a previously-identified metabolic POE QTL interval. We highlight one such interaction in adipose, between Nnat and Mogat1, which associates with variation in multiple adiposity traits. The genes and networks we present here represent a set of actionable interacting candidates that can be probed to further identify the machinery driving POE on complex traits.
Introduction: Terry v. Ohio at 50: The Past, Present, & Future of Stop and Frisk

The 2018 Idaho Law Review symposium examined a case decided in 1968, exactly fifty years ago. As the symposium articles and presentations demonstrated,Terry v. Ohio’s impact still resonates, both in Idaho and across the country. Terry held that a police officer may stop an individual for a brief investigatory detention if that officer reasonably suspects criminal activity. Next, that same officer may, pursuant to Terry, frisk the individual for weapons if the officer reasonably believes the individual is armed and presently dangerous to the officer or to others. Though Terry held that a stop is a seizure and a frisk is a search, it nevertheless reasoned that both required something less than probable cause.That holding made stops, and the frisks that often follow the stops, easy to justify. Terry’s progeny has expanded the circumstances in which probable cause is not required. For example, the Supreme Court has relied on Terry to justify border stops based on no more than reasonable suspicion and used Terry to hold that “presence in a high-crime area . . . combined with ‘headlong flight’ from the police” gives rise to a reasonable suspicion inference. Terry has been criticized as a case that “facilitates racial profiling,” because “to the extent that reasonable suspicion is an easy evidentiary standard to meet, police officers can base their decision to stop and frisk suspects on stereotypes about criminality and dangerousness and offer race-neutral justification after the fact.” In addition to its impact on criminal procedure cases, Terry pushed the police practice known as stop-and-frisk into popular culture, and stop-and-frisk is, to most, a familiar concept. There are images that come to mind when the phrase is invoked. Perhaps you hear “stop-and-frisk” and conjure an image of young men, often young men of color, lined up against a wall with their arms up. Perhaps that image makes you uncomfortable, and perhaps the image makes you wonder, as I do, why so many young men of color were stopped. That suspicion has proven reasonable. Data presented in cases tried in the Southern District of New York (SDNY) showed that not only were NYPD stops and frisks ineffective in discovering criminality or illegal weapons, they disproportionately targeted Latino and Black men. Still, despite the revolutionary SDNY settlements reached between the City of New York and individuals who were repeatedly stopped and frisked by the NYPD, stop-and-frisk remains constitutional. Terry has not been overruled. As a result, stop-and-frisk remains a topic that presidential candidates debate and academics revisit. The Symposium took the Terry discussion in exciting new directions, for example, introducing new approaches to understanding Terry’s frisk standard in light of expanded Second Amendment rights, and applying the lessons of the #MeToo movement and consent to the violation that a stop and frisk may create.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Heterogeneity and Its Clinical Relevance.

The failure of complete remissions to reliably translate into cures in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be explained by the leukemia stem cell (LSC) paradigm, which hypothesizes that rare leukemia cells with stem cell features, including self-renewal capacity and drug resistance, are primarily responsible for both disease maintenance and relapses. Traditionally, the ability to generate AML in immunocompromised mice were how these so-called LSCs were identified. Only those rare AML cells characterized by a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) CD34+CD38− phenotype were believed capable of generating leukemia in immunocompromised mice, but more recently, significant heterogeneity in the phenotypes of engrafting AML cells has been demonstrated. Moreover, AML cells that engraft immunocompromised mice do not necessarily represent either the founder clone or those cells responsible for relapse. A recent study found that the most immature phenotype present in an AML was heterogeneous, but correlated with genetically defined risk groups and outcomes. Patients with AML cells expressing a primitive HSC phenotype (CD34+CD38− with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity) manifested significantly lower complete remission rates, as well as poorer event-free and overall survivals. AMLs in which the most primitive cells displayed more mature phenotypes were associated with better outcomes. The strong clinical correlations suggest that the most immature phenotype detectable within a patient’s AML might serve as a biomarker for “clinically relevant” LSCs. The minimal residual disease state during first remission may be the optimal setting to study novel LSC-targeted therapies, since they may have limited activity against the bulk leukemia and will be utilized at lowest tumor burden as well as least tumor heterogeneity.
Environmentally relevant atrazine exposures cause DNA damage in cells of the lateral antennules of crayfish (Faxonius virilis)

Abstract The herbicide atrazine is heavily applied in agricultural areas in the Midwestern United States and can run-off and seep into surrounding aquatic habitats where concentrations can reach over 300 ppb. It is known that acute exposures to 80 ppb atrazine cause lasting deficiencies in the chemoreception of food and mate odors. Since atrazine impairs chemosensory responses, the goal of this study was to determine the effect of atrazine on cells, including olfactory sensory neurons, located in the lateral antennules of crayfish. In this experiment, we treated crayfish for 10 days with ecologically relevant concentrations of 0, 10, 40, 80, 100 and 300 ppb (μg L−1) of atrazine. Following treatments, the distal portion of the lateral antennules was cryosectioned. We used a TdT mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to determine if any cells had DNA damage and may be thus undergoing apoptosis. We found that as atrazine concentrations increase above 10 ppb, the number of TUNEL-positive cells, visualized in the lateral antennules, significantly increases. Our data show that atrazine exposure causes DNA damage in cells of the lateral antennules, including olfactory sensory neurons, thus leading to impairments in chemosensory abilities. Because crayfish rely heavily on chemoreception for survival, changes in their ability to perceive odors following atrazine exposure may have detrimental effects on population size.
Improved Antileukemic Activity of the Combination of Ara-C with GM-CSF and IL-3 Fusion Protein (PIXY321)

Co-treatment with GM-CSF/IL3 fusion protein pIXY321 significantly increased apoptosis and the loss of clonogenic survival of HL-60 cells due to a treatment with high dose Ara-C (100 μM) for 4 hours or prolonged treatment with lose dose Ara-C (10 nM) for 5 days. In contrast, pIXY321 inhibited high dose Ara-C-in-duced apoptosis in CD34+ normal bone marrow cells. Combined treatment with staurosporine also enhanced Ara-C induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. None of these modulations of Ara-C-induced apoptosis in the leukemic or normal cells was associated with appreciable alterations in intracellular p26BCL-2 levels.
First as Comedy, Then as Tragicomedy: Castration, Atopia, and Ab-Sex Sense—Commentary on Sessions VI and VII

The commentaries on sessions VI and VII offer an examination of how castration and atopia, the two major elements of Lacan’s analysis in Seminar VIII of Aristophanes’ and Agathon’s speeches from Plato’s Symposium, function as two crucial negative moments in Lacan’s topology of desire, which inform his understanding of the real and its function in knowledge. By developing how castration and atopia operate in relation to the tragicomic dimension of Aristophanes and Agathon’s speeches, the tragicomic itself is understood as an indicator of the unique capacity of eros as “a sign that one is changing discourses.” This shift from the tragic to the comic, marks the point of failure out of which the figures of Socrates and the analyst as ‘subjects supposed to know’ come to be.
Inverse Methods in Microwave Metrology

If the various ways of computing the response (output) of a system (circuit) due to any excitation (input) from completely known constitution of the system (given circuit) are categorized as direct, then, by contrast, the various ways in which the constitution (circuit characterization) of a system may be inferred from sets of corresponding excitations and responses fall into the category of inverse methods. [3] To provide the focus on microwave measurements as conventionally understood, we limit the discussion to single-frequency excitation. We then consider how significant features of the system can be inferred through consideration of Resonance Condition Transformation Invariants Physical Symmetry from data gained when a system is observed in this limited way.
Parental Divorce, Parent–Child Ties, and Health: Explaining Long-Term Age Differences in Vulnerability

Previous research highlights the importance of parental divorce in affecting health and well-being. This study focuses on the specific stages of the life course by examining the effects of childhoo...
Antimicrobial Treatment Duration in Sepsis and Serious Infections

Sepsis mortality has improved following advancements in early recognition and standardized management, including emphasis on early administration of appropriate antimicrobials. However, guidance regarding antimicrobial duration in sepsis is surprisingly limited. Decreased antibiotic exposure is associated with lower rates of de novo resistance development, Clostridioides difficile-associated disease, antibiotic-related toxicities, and health care costs. Consequently, data weighing safety versus adequacy of shorter treatment durations in sepsis would be beneficial. We provide a narrative review of evidence to guide antibiotic duration in sepsis. Evidence is significantly limited by noninferiority trial designs and exclusion of critically ill patients in many trials. Potential challenges to shorter antimicrobial duration in sepsis include inadequate source control, treatment of multidrug-resistant organisms, and pharmacokinetic alterations that predispose to inadequate antimicrobial levels. Additional studies specifically targeting patients with clinical indicators of sepsis are needed to guide measures to safely reduce antimicrobial exposure in this high-risk population while preserving clinical effectiveness.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining workplace wellness interventions

Background:One of the influencing factors associated with weight gain is overeating as a maladaptive coping strategy to process or avoid the emotional impact of psychological stress. Psychological ...
Effectiveness and real-world materials compatibility of a novel hydrogen peroxide disinfectant cleaner.

Abstract A novel 4% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant was effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridioides difficile spores, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, and 2 strains of Candida auris. In laboratory testing, a sodium hypochlorite disinfectant caused fading and loss of pliability of a hospital mattress, but the hydrogen peroxide disinfectant did not. These findings suggest that the hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant may be a useful addition to the sporicidal disinfectant products available for use in healthcare settings.
Setup Accuracy of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using Surgical Clips and Anatomical Surrogates.

Purpose/Objective(s) Accuracy of patient setup for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is challenging due to the low visibility of the lumpectomy cavity in planar X-ray images and CBCT. Surgical clips, chest wall, or skin surface are typically used as surrogates of the lumpectomy cavity. The correlation of these three surrogates with the lumpectomy cavity needs to be validated. Materials/Methods Twenty-five patients (12 left-sided and 13 right-sided) who underwent IMRT-APBI at our institution were included in the study. Daily CT-on-rail images were acquired. Sixteen patients had surgical clips. A total of 125 setup CT images were retrospectively analyzed, comparing the isocenter shifts aligning to the ipsilateral chest wall-lung interface, skin surface, and surgical clips with the isocenter shifts directly aligning to the lumpectomy cavity. The alignment differences (setup errors) in lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions and 3D vector differences were reported. Two-sided, paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The correlation of the setup errors with the volume of the ipsilateral breast, the lateral distance of the lumpectomy cavity center to the body midline, the minimum distance from the lumpectomy cavity to the chest wall, and the minimum distance to skin was analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Results 3D vector errors for the surgical clips, chest wall, and skin surface-based alignment were 1.8+/-1.0, 4.7+/-2.9, and 3.6+/-2.1 mm, respectively. Alignment using surgical clips outperformed alignment using the chest wall (P Conclusion For accelerated partial breast irradiation, patient setup is most accurate by using surgical clips with a mean residual error of 1.8 mm due to deformation of the lumpectomy cavity. Using skin surface or chest wall as surrogates for setup requires larger planning margins than the surgical clips.
REACTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING RESULTS IN IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURES OF HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY: A CASE REPORT.

Background and purpose Hamstring tightness is a common complaint among active individuals and patients are traditionally classified with tight hamstrings based on commonly accepted clinical exams including the active knee extension, active straight leg raise, and passive straight leg raise tests. Apparent hamstring tightness is a condition that is present in patients who have the perception of hamstring tightness and are classified with a tissue extensibility dysfunction but demonstrate immediate gains in hamstring range of motion following an intervention that does not address a tissue length dysfunction. Reactive neuromuscular training can be used as part of the evaluative process used to classify and treat patients with apparent hamstring tightness. The purpose of this case report was to identify, treat, and report the outcomes experienced when using a reactive neuromuscular training technique on a patient who was classified with hamstring inflexibility based on traditional testing methods. Case description A 20 year-old female softball player presented with a chief complaint of hamstring tightness of more than four years duration. The patient tested positive for hamstring inflexibility based on traditional testing methods. The patient was then treated using a reactive neuromuscular training technique in which the patient resisted a manual anterior to posterior force at the abdomen, sternum and across the hips while simultaneously bending forward at the hips in an attempt to touch her toes. Outcomes Following one reactive neuromuscular training treatment session the patient tested negative for hamstring inflexibility based on traditional testing methods and maintained those results at a five-week follow-up appointment. Discussion The subject in this case report demonstrated the effectiveness of reactive neuromuscular training in identifying and treating apparent hamstring tightness. Based on these findings, clinicians should consider using reactive neuromuscular training to properly classify and treat patients with a chief complaint of hamstring "tightness." Level of evidence 4 (single case report).