cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The N-terminal Region of the Third Intracellular Loop of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Peptide Receptor Is Critical for Coupling to cAMP and Inositol Phosphate/Ca2+ Signal Transduction Pathways

Structural determinants within the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor that mediate G-protein activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C are unknown. We investigated the role of the N-terminal region of the third intracellular loop of the opossum PTH/PTHrP receptor in coupling to two signal transduction pathways. We mutated residues in this region by tandem-alanine scanning and expressed these mutant receptors in COS-7 cells and/or Xenopus oocytes. All mutant receptors retained high affinity PTH binding in COS-7 cells, indistinguishable from wild-type receptors. Receptors with tandem-alanine substitutions in two N-terminal segments (377RVL379 and 381TKLR384) demonstrated impaired adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C activation. Receptor mutants with single-alanine substitutions scanning these two segments showed three different signaling defects in COS-7 cells. 1) Two mutant receptors (V378A and L379A) had reduced inositol phosphate (IP), but normal cAMP responses to PTH. 2) Mutant receptor T381A showed reduced cAMP, but wild-type IP responses to PTH. 3) Mutant receptor K382A demonstrated both markedly reduced cAMP and IP production due to PTH. In oocytes, mutants T381A and K382A showed decreased PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Thus, the N-terminal region of the third intracellular loop of this receptor plays a critical role in coupling to both Gs- and Gq-mediated second-messenger generation.
The Effects of Grade Level, Type of Motion, Cueing Strategy, Pictorial Complexity, and Color on Children's Interpretation of Implied Motion in Pictures.

The ability of kindergarten and 3rd-grade children to accurately interpret implied motion in pictures was examined. Sixty-four children responded to pictures from experimental conditions that varied type of motion, cueing strategy, pictorial complexity, and color. The 3rd-grade children were more adept at identifying implied motion than the kindergarten children, the postural motion condition was more effective than the flow-line condition in conveying motion, and cues and relevant pictorial background information increased accuracy of interpretation.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Existence of Large Solutions to Semilinear Elliptic Equations

We consider the semilinear equation Δu = p(x)f(u) on a domain Ω ⊆ Rn, n ≥ 3, where f is a nonnegative, nondecreasing continuous function which vanishes at the origin, and p is a nonnegative continuous function with the property that any zero of p is contained in a bounded domain in Ω such that p is positive on its boundary. For Ω bounded, we show that a nonnegative solution u satisfying u(x) → ∞ as x → ∂Ω exists if and only if the function ψ(s) ≡ ∫s0 f(t) dt satisfies ∫∞1(ψ(s)) − 1/2 ds < ∞. For Ω unbounded (including Ω = Rn), we show that a similar result holds where u(x) → ∞ as |x| → ∞ within Ω and u(x) → ∞ as x → ∂Ω if p(x) decays to zero rapidly as |x| → ∞.
Faculty perceptions of journals: quality and publishing feasibility

Abstract Tenure-track faculty at AACSB-accredited colleges were surveyed regarding their perceptions of 152 journals. Response measures included perceptions of journal quality and the feasibility of publishing in each journal. Analyses of responses from 616 faculty document statistically significant differences in both quality and publishing feasibility across journals, scholarship areas, and degree-granting categories (doctoral versus nondoctoral). Significant interactions were also found to exist across these factors. Effect size estimates for variations in quality and feasibility across journals, scholarship areas, and the interaction of journals and scholarship areas suggest that the magnitudes of observed differences are nontrivial. Listings of the 20 highest quality journals for most individual scholarship areas were found to have little in common with an overall top-20 listing. Overall, these results suggest that area-specific journal ratings provide better information than a single overall ranking list.
MRI of sports injuries of the ankle

Ankle injuries are estimated to constitute as many as 21% of sportsrelated injuries [1]. Both intra-articular and extra-articular injuries may be present, commonly with multiple concurrent injuries [2]. The clinical manifestations of many injuries may be subtle [1] or may overlap with other injuries [2]. Although plain film radiography has traditionally been the most common modality to image the ankle, MRI has taken a much more prominent role in recent years because of superior soft tissue resolution and the ability to noninvasively visualize the osseous structures, cartilage, and soft tissues of the ankle. In this review, we discuss the pertinent anatomy and common pathology seen in sports-related ankle injuries. IMAGING TECHNIQUE Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for the ankle vary between institutions. We employ a sagittal inversion recovery sequence, which provides homogeneous fat suppression over the curved ankle joint. Additionally, we use an intermediate echo-time, fast-spin-echo proton density technique for cartilage-sensitive imaging in three planes [3].
Approximations to the solution of the zakai equation using multiple wiener and stratonovich integral expansions

A system of mtegro-differential equations, for the kernels in the multiple Wiener integral (MWI) representation for the solution of the Zakai equation, is derived. Approximations for the conditional density using MWI techniques are obtained. A representation for the conditional expectation, in the nonlinear filtering problem, as a ratio of two infinite series of multiple Stratonovich integrals is given
Periodic trajectories in the Hilbert space and generalized semi-classical bound states of many-body systems

Abstract Using a stationary phase approximation to calculate a functional integral defined on continuous overcomplete sets of vectors of the Hilbert space, one derives a generalized semi-classical quantization condition for periodic trajectories in the Hilbert space. This quantization condition is interpreted in terms of a variational principle. Application to the time dependent Hartree—Fock approximation is presented.
Formation, structure, and properties of lubricant‐derived antiwear films

In recent years, surface analytical methods that determine structure have been combined with methods that measure elemental composition and oxidation states, to yield an improved understanding of lubricant-derived tribofilms. Methods assessing the mechanical properties of thin films have also been applied to tribofilms with thicknesses of the order of nanometres. These methods, in combination with chemical and physical studies of bulk lubricant systems and assessments of lubricant behaviour in tribological environments, have made it possible to describe comprehensively film forming mechanisms, structures and tribological properties. This paper outlines the initial results of such an attempt, focusing on zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates and overbased detergents in model systems and engine oils.
800 MeV proton damage in tungsten and molybdenum: A field-ion-microscope observation☆

Abstract 0.075 mm tungsten and molybdenum wires were irradiated with 800 MeV protons at an ion current of 5–8 μA for 10 days (240 h) at ambient temperature. Following irradiation, field-ion-microscope analyses were made at 78 K utilizing an exchange medium of helium plus 10% neon. Tungsten samples show a few vacant lattice sites as well as a defect zone, approximately 120 A in diameter and 4–5 atom layers deep, believed to be a radiation induced void, following a calculated damage level of 0.13 dpa. Molybdenum samples exhibit excessive numbers of vacancies and vacancy clusters although no defect larger than approximately 50 A is seen at a calculated damage level of 0.07 dpa. This could possibly be due to lack of clear atomic resolution obtained in {110} of molybdenum when imaged at 78 K.
Phenotypic adaptations in human muscle fibers 6 and 24 wk after spinal cord injury.

10.1152/japplphysiol.000247.2001.—The effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the profile of sarco(endo) plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in individual ...
The neural control of cercal grooming behaviour in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Abstract The pro- and mesothoracic ganglia were found to inhibit cercal grooming behaviour controlled by the metathoracic ganglion. After nerve cord transection between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia, repetitive grooming movements with the metathoracic legs spontaneously occur. In experiments where the head and thoracic ganglia were serially excised, maximum activity occurred when all ganglia anterior to the metathoracic were removed. Stimulation of cercal afferents has long been known to induce evasive behaviour involving giant interneurons, but in animals with the nerve cord sectioned between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia, cercal stimulation increased cercal grooming behaviour. With asymmetrical cercal stimulation, the homolateral metathoracic leg engages in significantly more cercal grooming activity than the heterolateral metathoracic leg, thus indicating that this spontaneous activity can be modified by sensory input. When cercal afferents are stimulated with the anterior thoracic ganglia present, the metathoracic legs are coordinated in evasive running movements. With the anterior thoracic ganglia removed, the same type of cercal stimulation induces increased grooming activity with the metathoracic legs rather than running movements. The ventral nerve cord posterior to the head ganglia is preset, therefore, for escape rather than grooming activity when the cerci are stimulated, with cercal grooming continuously inhibited by the anterior thoracic ganglia. Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from the metathoracic nerve 5 and the abdominal nerve cord showed that the efferent motor rhythm for grooming behaviour is independent of ventilative activity, also known to originate in the metathoracic ganglion. Spike patterns during grooming movements showed that different groups of levator and depressor neurons were alternatively active. Carbon dioxide concentrations which stimulated the metathoracic ventilative output caused a breakdown of cercal grooming activity, thus indicating a basic difference in the neural mechanism producing the two rhythms.
Effects of detrital influx in the Pennsylvanian Upper Freeport peat swamp

Abstract Quartz cathodoluminescence properties and mineralogy of three sets of samples and vegetal and/ or miospore data from two sets of samples from the Upper Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania, show that detrital influence from a penecontemporaneous channel is limited to an area less than three km from the channel. The sets of samples examined include localities of the coal bed where (1) the coal is thin, split by partings, and near a penecontemporaneous fluvial channel, (2) the coal is relatively thick and located approximately three km from the channel, and (3) the coal is thick and located approximately 12 km from the channel. Samples from locality 1 (nearest the channel) have relatively high-ash yields (low-temperature ash average = 27.3% on a pyrite- and calcite-free basis) and high proportions of quartz and clay minerals. The quartz is primarily detrital, as determined by cathodoluminescent properties, and the ratio of kaolinite to illite is low. In addition, most of the plant remains and miospores indicate peat-forming plants that required low nutrient levels for growth. In contrast, samples from localities 2 and 3, from the more interior parts of the bed, contained predominantly authigenic quartz grains nd yielded low-temperature ash values of less than 14% on a pyrite- and calcite-free basis. The low-temperature ash contains low concentrations of quartz and clay minerals and the ratio of kaolinite to illite is relatively high. Although intact core was not available for paleobotanical analyses, another core collected within 1 km from locality 3 contained plant types interpreted to have required high nutrient levels for growth. These data indicate that mineral formation is dominated by authigenic processes in interior parts of the coal body. Some of the authigenic quartz may have been derived from herbaceous ferns as indicated by patterns in the palynological and paleobotanical data. In contrast, detrital processes appeared to be limited to in areas directly adjacent to the penecontemporaneous channel where the coal bed is high in ash, split by mineral-rich partings, and of little or no economic value.
Visualization tools for extremely high resolution DEM from the LRO and other orbiter satellites

Recent space missions have included laser altimetry instrumentation that provides precise high-resolution global topographic data products. These products are critical in analyzing geomorphological surface processes of planets and moons. Although highly valued, the high-resolution data is often overlooked by researchers due to the high level of IT sophistication necessary to use the high-resolution data products, which can be as large as several hundred gigabytes. Researchers have developed software tools to assist in viewing and manipulating data products derived from altimetry data, however current software tools require substantial off-line processing, provide rudimentary visualization or are not suited for viewing the new high-resolution data. We have adapted mVTK, a novel software visualization tool, to work with NASA’s recently acquired Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data. mVTK is a software visualization package that dynamically creates cylindrical cartographic map projections from gridded high-resolution altimetry data in real-time. The projections are interactive 2D shade relief, false color maps that allow the user to make simple slope and distance measurements on the actual underlying high-resolution data. We have tested mVTK on several laser altimetry data sets including binned gridded record data from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter space missions.
Optical potentials for 14N on 92Mo and 197Au

Abstract The elastic scattering of 490 MeV 14N on 92Mo and 197Au were measured and were analyzed by optical model analysis. It is found that optical potentials with shallower real potential depths gave the best fits for 92Mo, while deeper real potential depths gave the best fits for 197Au. A continuous ambiguity of the optical potential was also observed and explored. The 1.509 MeV first excited state of 92Mo was also measured and calculations with different optical potentials were performed to resolve some of the optical potential ambiguities.
Unique one step, multicomponent α,β,β-oxidations of carbamates with Willgerodt-like hypervalent iodine reagents—an example of triple C–H bond activation

Abstract This communication reveals a novel multicomponent oxidation of saturated, urethane protected nitrogen heterocyclic systems. The oxidation is facile, general, high yielding and involves the application of readily-made hypervalent iodine reagents, giving an α,β,β-oxidation pattern relative to the nitrogen of the heterocycle. The oxidation is multicomponent type III, in that the substrate, reagent and solvent provide the three inputs during the reaction. The transformation also represents an example of triple C–H bond activation. A mechanistic rationale for this is proposed.
Corruption and International Security

The Global War on Terrorism has made policy analysts the world over re-think the implications of corruption for the peaceful existence of states. Corruption has become the enabler by which groups who commit conspiracies on a global scale may threaten international security with relative impunity.
The Relationship of Women's Role Strain to Social Support, Role Satisfaction, and Self‐Efficacy*

The relationship of social support, role satisfaction, and self-efficacy to measures of role strain was explored in a sample of 129 married, employed women with at least 1 preschool-aged child. Self-efficacy in work and parental roles proved to be a significant predictor of these women's work-family conflict and role overload, respectively. In addition, satisfaction with their child care was related to significantly less anxiety about being separated from their young children. Spousal and supervisor support also accounted for significant variation in work-family conflict, but the impact of organizational support on role conflict was fully mediated by job self-efficacy.
Bulimia nervosa in overweight and normal weight women

The aim of the present study was to examine overweight bulimia nervosa (BN) in a community sample of women. Volunteers (n = 1964) completed self-report questionnaires of weight, binge eating, purging, and cognitive features. Participants were classified as overweight (body mass index ≥25) or normal weight (body mass index <25). Rates of BN within the overweight and normal-weight classes did not differ (6.4% vs 7.9%). Of the 131 participants identified as BN, 64% (n = 84) were classified as overweight BN and 36% (n = 47) as normal-weight BN. The overweight BN group had a greater proportion of ethnic minorities and reported significantly less restraint than the normal-weight BN group. Otherwise, the 2 groups reported similarly, even in terms of purging and depression. In summary, rates of BN did not differ between overweight and normal-weight women. Among BN participants, the majority (two thirds) were overweight. Differences in ethnicity and restraint, but little else, were found between overweight and normal-weight BN. Findings from the present study should serve to increase awareness of the weight range and ethnic diversity of BN, and highlight the need to address weight and cultural sensitivity in the identification and treatment of eating disorders.
Asymptotic approximation to the expected size of a selected subset

SUMMARY An asymptotic approximation is given to the expectation of the size of a selected subset from a set of t objects, where the design is a balanced paired comparison experiment of n replicates. The paper also contains an excerpt (Table 4) of a table of expected sizes of the selected subset, expressed as proportions of t. The complete set of tables, which may be obtained by writing to the author, includes entries for combinations of t = 3(1) 20, n = 1(1) 20(5) 50(10) 100 and preference probabilities p = 0-60(0410) 1 00 at each level of selection P* = 0 75, 0 90, 0 95, 0 975, 0 99. Examples of applications are directed towards an optimization of designs for selection.
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Alcoholic liver disease encompasses a clinicohistological spectrum, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. Fatty liver is a benign and reversible condition, but progression to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis is life-threatening. Alcoholic hepatitis is diagnosed predominantly on clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing, although liver biopsy is often necessary to secure the diagnosis. The major focus of management is abstinence from alcohol, supportive care, treatment of complications of infection and portal hypertension, and maintenance of positive nitrogen balance through nutritional support. Corticosteroid therapy is controversial but should be considered in patients with a discriminant function greater than 32 and/or presence of spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy in the absence of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, and renal failure. The only curative therapy for advanced alcoholic cirrhosis is liver transplantation. Several recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease may lead to novel future treatment approaches, including inhibition of tumor necrosis factor a, antioxidant therapy, stimulation of liver regeneration, and stimulation of collagen degradation.
Extrema of the magnitude and the phase of a complex function of a real variable: application to attenuated internal reflection

Given a complex function F(ω) = |F(ω)|exp[jΔ(ω)] of a real argument ω, the extrema of its magnitude |F(ω)| and its phase Δ(ω), as functions of ω, are determined simultaneously by finding the roots of one common equation, Im[G(ω)] = 0, where G = (F′/F)2 and F′ = ∂F/∂ω. The extrema of |F| and Δ are associated with Re G 0, respectively. This easy-to-prove theorem has a wide range of applications in physical optics. We consider attenuated internal reflection (AIR) as an example. In AIR the complex reflection coefficient for the p polarization, rp(ϕ), and the ratio of complex reflection coefficients for the p and s polarizations, ρ(ϕ) = rp(ϕ)/rs(ϕ), are considered as functions of the angle of incidence ϕ. It is found that the same (cubic) equation that determines the pseudo-Brewster angle of minimum |rp| also determines a new angle at which the reflection phase shift δp = arg rpexhibits a minimum of its own. Likewise, the same (quartic) equation that determines the second Brewster angle of minimum |ρ| also determines angles of incidence at which the differential reflection phase shift Δ = arg ρ experiences a minimum and a maximum. Angular positions and magnitudes of all extrema are calculated exactly for a specific case that represents light reflection by the vacuum–Al or glass–aqueous-dye-solution interface. As another example, the normal-incidence reflection of light by a birefringent film on an absorbing substrate is examined. The ratio of complex principal reflection coefficients is considered as a function of the film thickness normalized to the wavelength of light. The absolute value and the phase of this function exhibit multiple extrema, the first 13 of which are determined for a specific birefringent film on a Si substrate.
Anomalous Diatom Populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron in 1983

Abstract Diatoms in phytoplankton samples obtained during the spring 1983 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency annual lake surveillance program exhibited abnormal morphologies. The cells appeared to be weakly silicified and / or incompletely formed with viable cellular contents. This phenomenon was present throughout Lakes Huron and Michigan. The samples were collected in the open water from the upper 20 m. The phenomenon was not noticed in 1984, 1985, or 1986 samples.
Barbiturates allosterically inhibit GABA antagonist and benzodiazepine inverse agonist binding.

Barbiturates and the related depressant drugs, etazolate and etomidate, inhibited both the binding of [3H]bicuculline methochloride (BMC) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor sites and the binding of [3H]β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (βCCM) to benzodiazepine receptor sites in mammalian brain. These concentration-dependent effects were chemically specific and stereospecific in a manner correlating with the activity of barbiturates to enhance GABA responses in neurons and to enhance GABA and benzodiazepine receptor agonist binding in vitro. The barbiturate inhibition of [3H]BMC binding involved a decrease in affinity which at high concentrations of barbiturates results in an effective complete loss of detectable binding. The maximal inhibition of [3H]βCCM binding involved a more modest decrease in affinity (increase in KD from 1.35 to 1.85 nM). The barbiturate inhibitions of both ligands could be reversed by picrotoxin, suggesting an indirect action at previously defined picrotoxin/barbiturate modulatory sites on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor/chloride ion channel complex.
A MEMS-based Coulter counter for cell sizing

This paper presents the design and fabrication of MEMS based Coulter counter for monitoring cellular volumetric changes after an exposure to various media. The design consists of a thick SU8 channel which is divided into mixing, focusing, and measuring regions. The mixing region is a serpentine shaped channel, enabling complete mixing of a sample and a reactant before entering the focusing region. The focusing region consists of an electrode pair used to generate AC fields that result in negative dielectrophoretic forces directing cells from all directions to the center of the channel to prevent clogging of the Coulter channel. Finally, the measuring region consists of a channel of width ranging from 20-25 μm, with multiple electrode pairs fabricated using electroplated gold in order to measure the change in impedance at different points along the channel as a cell passes through. This device improves upon existing macro-scale Coulter counter technology by allowing extremely small sample sizes (10 1 compared to 10 5 cells per experiment), an extremely short time frame from the exposure to reactant media to the initial measurement, serial time series measurements of a single cell, and optical microscopic monitoring of the experiment. The design of this chamber will allow for the manufacture of cell specific channel diameters in order to maximize measurement precision for each cell type. This design also eliminates the sheath flow and complex fluid control systems that make conventional cytometers bulky and complicated.
Fluctuation of 32P distribution in rapidly labeled RNA during the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum

Abstract Thin-layer chromatographic procedures for determining the base composition of ribonucleic acid and for determining the distribution of 32 P among the nucleotides of labeled RNA are described. These methods were applied to a determination of the nucleotide composition of RNA in Physarum polycephalum and to the 32 P distribution in rapidly labeled RNA obtained from plasmodia at different stages of the cell cycle. The latter experiment showed that significant fluctuations in 32 P distribution of rapidly labeled RNA were associated with the different stages of the cell cycle.
Paracrine and autocrine functions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in brain-derived endothelial cells

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed by endothelial cells. We investigated the characteristics of BDNF expression by brain-derived endothelial cells and tested the hypothesis that BDNF serves paracrine and autocrine functions affecting the vasculature of the central nervous system. In addition to expressing TrkB and p75NTR and BDNF under normoxic conditions, these cells increased their expression of BDNF under hypoxia. While the expression of TrkB is unaffected by hypoxia, TrkB exhibits a base-line phosphorylation under normoxic conditions and an increased phosphorylation when BDNF is added. TrkB phosphorylation is decreased when endogenous BDNF is sequestered by soluble TrkB. Exogenous BDNF elicits robust angiogenesis and survival in three-dimensional cultures of these endothelial cells, while sequestration of endogenous BDNF caused significant apoptosis. The effects of BDNF engagement of TrkB appears to be mediated via the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-Akt pathway. Modulation of BDNF levels directly correlate with Akt phosphorylation and inhibitors of PI 3-kinase abrogate the BDNF responses. BDNF-mediated effects on endothelial cell survival/apoptosis correlated directly with activation of caspase 3. These endothelial cells also express p75NTR and respond to its preferred ligand, pro-nerve growth factor (pro-NGF), by undergoing apoptosis. These data support a role for neurotrophins signaling in the dynamic maintenance/differentiation of central nervous system endothelia.
Transient laminar forced convection in ducts with suddenly applied uniform wall heat flux

Etude analytique de la convection laminaire forcee dans des tubes circulaires et entre des plaques paralleles, resultant d'une variation en echelon du flux thermique parietal
Numerical simulation of interacting vortex tubes.

The structure of the cores of interacting vortex tubes in three-dimensional incompressible hydrodynamics has been simulated by a pseudospectral method. A fast reconnection is observed for Reynolds numbers of order 1 000. At higher Reynolds numbers, the core tends to flatten, suggesting the formation of vortex ribbons.
Convolution formulations for non-negative intensity

Previously unknown spatial convolution formulas for a variant of the active normal intensity in planar coordinates have been derived that use measured pressure or normal velocity near-field holograms to construct a positive-only (outward) intensity distribution in the plane, quantifying the areas of the vibrating structure that produce radiation to the far-field. This is an extension of the outgoing-only (unipolar) intensity technique recently developed for arbitrary geometries by Steffen Marburg. The method is applied independently to pressure and velocity data measured in a plane close to the surface of a point-driven, unbaffled rectangular plate in the laboratory. It is demonstrated that the sound producing regions of the structure are clearly revealed using the derived formulas and that the spatial resolution is limited to a half-wavelength. A second set of formulas called the hybrid-intensity formulas are also derived which yield a bipolar intensity using a different spatial convolution operator, again using either the measured pressure or velocity. It is demonstrated from the experiment results that the velocity formula yields the classical active intensity and the pressure formula an interesting hybrid intensity that may be useful for source localization. Computations are fast and carried out in real space without Fourier transforms into wavenumber space.
Intravascular Ultrasound Study of Patterns of Calcium in Ruptured Coronary Plaques

Coronary calcium is intimately associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque development, although it is controversial as to whether coronary calcium is associated with plaque instability. We analyzed 101 IVUS-detected ruptured plaques and compared them with 101 computer-matched control plaques without evidence of plaque rupture. The arc of calcium was measured every 0.5 mm within 10-mm-long segments that spanned the minimum lumen cross-sectional area, and the number and length of calcium deposits were assessed. Ruptured plaques had a significantly larger number of individual calcium deposits than control plaques (3.5 ± 1.7 vs 1.8 ± 1.1, p
Splenectomy in childhood: a review of 1413 cases.

Abstract Mortality for elective splenectomy in children with congenital hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia may be expected to be less than 1%. The mortality is higher in those children with the most serious primary diseases and highest among the youngest patients with urgent indications for surgery. Overwhelming infection as a cause of late mortality was unusual in the older children without a serious underlying systemic disease.
MULTI-BODY DYNAMICS AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANT GEAR BODIES

Abstract This paper extends the multi-body dynamics modelling strategy for rigid gears to include compliant gear bodies in multi-mesh transmissions. Only external, fixed center, helical or spur gears are considered. This formulation combines distributed gear mesh stiffness and gear blank compliance models in a multi-body dynamics framework resulting in a set of non-linear differential equations with time-varying coefficients. Linearization and other simplifications are applied to yield the resulting linear time-invariant equations of motion. Several solution techniques are then used to determine eigensolutions and forced harmonic responses. The resulting normal mode solutions are compared to those obtained by the finite element analysis for several examples of transmission containing flexible gears. These include ring-gears and bodies with discontinuities. A parametric study has been performed to assess the effect of gear orientation on the dynamics of transmissions. Finally analytical predictions are compared to the results of a laboratory experiment.
Radiometric measurements of the sea-surface skin temperature: the competing roles of the diurnal thermocline and the cool skin

It has long been recognized that satellite-borne infrared radiometers measure radiance that is more closely related to the temperature of the skin of the ocean than the sub-surface bulk temperature, but, historically, atmospheric correction algorithm derivation and validation exercises have been conducted using bulk temperatures measured at a depth of a metre or more. A recent validation of sea-surface temperature (SST) fields derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) with skin temperature measurements of the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) revealed a very low mean bias error, much smaller than was expected, given the thermal skin effect which acts to cool the surface with respect to sub-surface values by several tenths of a degree. This result does not imply the skin effect is unimportant-its effect is now well documented in many datasets-but that its effect is being partially compensated by diurnal heating effects. The evidence for this is presented an...
A supply chain network equilibrium model with random demands

Abstract In this paper, we develop a supply chain network model consisting of manufacturers and retailers in which the demands associated with the retail outlets are random. We model the optimizing behavior of the various decision-makers, derive the equilibrium conditions, and establish the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation. We provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium pattern in terms of existence and uniqueness results and also establish conditions under which the proposed computational procedure is guaranteed to converge. Finally, we illustrate the model through several numerical examples for which the equilibrium prices and product shipments are computed. This is the first supply chain network equilibrium model with random demands for which modeling, qualitative analysis, and computational results have been obtained.
High-energy-density extended CO solid.

Covalently bonded extended phases of molecular solids made of first- and second-row elements at high pressures are a new class of materials with advanced optical, mechanical and energetic properties. The existence of such extended solids has recently been demonstrated using diamond anvil cells in several systems, including nitrogen1, carbon dioxide2 and carbon monoxide3. However, the microscopic quantities produced at the formidable high-pressure/temperature conditions have limited the characterization of their predicted novel properties, including high-energy content. In this paper, we present experimental evidence that these extended low-Z solids are indeed high-energy-density materials, by milligram-scale high-pressure synthesis, recovery and characterization of polymeric CO (p-CO). Our spectroscopic data reveal that p-CO is a random polymer made of lactonic entities and conjugated C=C with an energy content rivalling or exceeding that of HMX (cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine, a commonly used conventional high explosive). Solid p-CO explosively decomposes to CO2 and glassy carbon, and thus might be used as an advanced energetic material.
Order in CdS nanoparticles in glass

We have employed X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the local bonding of Cd atoms in borosilicate glasses doped with Cd and S after heat treatment at temperatures from 550 to 750°C. Varying temperature and time can form CdS particles with average size from a few to several nanometers. In crystals grown below ∼700°C, the apparent number of second neighbors found from analysis of X-ray absorption fine structure is only a small fraction of that expected for well-ordered crystallites of these sizes. We attribute this apparent coordination deficit to substantial short-range structural disorder.
Junction temperature analysis in green light emitting diode dies on sapphire and GaN substrates

We investigate pn-junction heating in 525 nm green GaInN/GaN quantum well light emitting diode dies by micro-Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We compare dies grown on GaN and sapphire substrates of different sizes at current densities up to 267 A/cm2. Analysis of the experiments was supported by realistic three-dimensional finite-element simulations of the thermal properties. Sapphire based LED dies reach a junction temperature as high as 240 °C at a current density of 133 A/cm2, while those on bulk GaN only heat to 83 °C. This corresponds to a thermal resistance of 428 K/W and 63 K/W, respectively. By help of this calibration, the role of junction temperature in the spectral light output performance is identified. From the numerical simulation, dimensions and thermal conductivity of the substrate are identified as the dominant control parameters. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract 372: Disease-free survival and overall survival from colon cancer is improved with fluorescence-guided surgery in metastatic mouse models

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The aim of this study was to improve disease-free survival and overall survival in orthotopic nude mouse models of human colon cancer with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Fluorescent orthotopic or carcinomatosis models were established in nude mice using human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT-29 expressing either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP). The tumors were later resected by bright light surgery (BLS) or FGS. In orthotopic and carcinomatosis models, pre- and post-operative images were obtained with the OV-100 Small Animal Imaging System (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan) to assess the extent of surgical resection. In the orthotopic model, whole body imaging of the mice was performed in the postoperative period to assess cancer recurrence and to follow subsequent tumor progression. The mice were sacrificed when they became premorbid and their abdomens were exposed for intravital and ex vivo imaging. Tumor burden was measured in mm2 using ImageJ v1.440. A greater extent of tumor resection in mice with carcinomatosis was achieved using FGS compared to BLS (99.9% vs. 76.9%, p = 0.006). Furthermore, all mice with localized disease had a complete surgical resection with FGS. In contrast, complete resection was achieved in only 56% of the mice undergoing BLS. (p=0.001) Fewer mice in the FGS group had evidence of tumor recurrence (33%) compared to mice in the BLS group (58%), lengthening disease-free survival from 9 weeks in the BLS group to 27 weeks in the FGS group. Overall survival of the mice also increased from 17 weeks in the BLS group to 29 weeks in the FGS group. The results of the present study demonstrate that improved surgical outcomes in the treatment of colon cancer can be achieved with FGS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 372. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-372
The Organization of the Oil Industry, Past and Present

For several decades, petroleum has been a commodity of vital importance to the global economy, in which a number of interesting market phenomena has occurred. This monograph represents my efforts to describe several of these phenomenon, along with a few other elements of the oil market. My focus is on elements related to the extraction of petroleum, and the interactions between buyers and sellers of crude oil; issues that are essentially linked to the Industrial Organization of crude oil markets The topics I cover are: the production of crude oil, material that provides a foundation for later material; an example of the behavior employed by John D. Rockefeller in his quest for control of the early petroleum refining industry; the excessive extraction phenomenon observed in the early days of the industry, which was obtained because of the "common property" nature of oil production; the historical battle between the major oil companies (who were collectively dubbed the "Seven Sisters" and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or [OPEC]); a theoretical discussion of cartel formation, which forms the backdrop for an investigation of OPEC; an empirical model of membership in OPEC; and a handful of key recent events, which offer some insights into the future of the oil industry.
Further Studies of Blood Groups in Turkeys

Abstract LAW et al. (1965) described 12 antigenic factors on turkey red blood cells. These were named A (subtypes A1 and A2), B (B1, B2 and B3), C (C1 and C2), D, E, F (F1 and F2) G, H, I, J, K and L. Family data showed that A, B, D and H were inherited as the integrants of at least five phenogroups in a genetic system named A. Although their data indicated that blood factors C and F were inherited independently of those in the A system and of each other, they were not adequate to test the relationships of blood factors G, I, J, K and L to each other and to those in the A, C and F systems. This report is concerned with further progress in studies of blood groups in turkeys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chi-square tests for significance, using 2 × 2 contingency tables, were performed on …
GlideScope Use improves intubation success rates: an observational study using propensity score matching.

Rigid video laryngoscopes are popular alternatives to direct laryngoscopy for intubation, but further large scale prospective studies comparing these devices to direct laryngoscopy in routine anesthesiology practice are needed. We hypothesized that the first pass success rate with one particular video laryngoscope, the GlideScope, would be higher than the success rate with direct laryngoscopy. 3831 total intubation attempts were tracked in an observational study comparing first-pass success rate using a Macintosh or Miller-style laryngoscope with the GlideScope. Propensity scoring was then used to select 626 subjects matched between the two groups based on their morphologic traits. Comparing the GlideScope and direct laryngoscopy groups suggested that intubation would be more difficult in the GlideScope group based on the Mallampati class, cervical range of motion, mouth opening, dentition, weight, and past intubation history. Thus, a propensity score based on these factors was used to balance the groups into two 313 patient cohorts. Direct laryngoscopy was successful in 80.8% on the first-pass intubation attempt, while the GlideScope was successful in 93.6% (p <0.001; risk difference of 0.128 with a 95% CI of 0.0771 – 0.181). A greater first-attempt success rate was found when using the GlideScope versus direct laryngoscopy. In addition, the GlideScope was found to be 99% successful for intubation after initial failure of direct laryngoscopy, helping to reduce the incidence of failed intubation.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and MR diffusion imaging to distinguish between glandular and stromal prostatic tissues.

Abstract Purpose To compare peak enhancement (PE), determined from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the magnetic resonance (MR) directionally-averaged apparent diffusion coefficient ( ) in glandular versus stromal prostatic tissues and, with this comparison, to infer if the hypothesis that gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) does not enter healthy glands or ducts is plausible. Materials and Methods MRI, MR spectroscopic imaging, DCE MRI and MR diffusion were evaluated in 17 untreated subjects with suspected or proven prostate cancer. PE and were compared in glandular-ductal tissues [normal peripheral zone and glandular benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)] and stromal-low ductal tissues (central gland/mixed BPH and stromal BPH). Results The glandular-ductal tissues had lower PE [125±6.4 (% baseline)] and higher [1.57±0.15 (s/10−3 mm2)] than the stromal-low ductal tissues [PE=132±5.5 (% baseline) (P =1.18±0.20 (s/10−3 mm2) (P (s/10−3 mm2)−10.7×PE (1/%), R2=1.0 and P Conclusions The very different MR results in the glandular-ductal versus stromal-low ductal tissues suggest that these tissues have different underlying structure. These results support the hypothesis that Gd-DTPA does not enter healthy prostatic glands or ducts. This may explain the higher PE and lower that previously have been reported in prostate cancer versus healthy tissue.
Excitation cross sections for krypton by electrons in the 15-100-eV impact-energy range

Differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections have been determined for the excitation of the 24 lowest electronic states of Kr (some of the transitions are unresolved). The inelastic-scattering cross sections were normalized to the absolute scale with the help of the elastic-scattering differential cross sections (DCS's) which in turn were normalized with respect to absolute He DCS's. The impact energies were 15, 20, 30, 50, and 100 eV and the DCS's were obtained over the range of 5-135 deg scattering angles. The error limits associated with the differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections have been estimated at 25%, 38%, and 46%, respectively.
Clostridium perfringens as a point source indicator in non-point polluted streams

Abstract Clostridium perfringens spores were evaluated as an indicator of point source pollution in small streams whose bacteriological water quality was influenced by both point and non-point sources. Samples were collected from small streams (the Rio San Jose, New Mexico and Worm Creek, Idaho/Utah); the Grants, New Mexico; Preston, Idaho; Hyrum, Utah; and San Jose/Santa Clara, California; sewage treatment plant effluents; and the Franklin, Idaho; Logan, Utah; and Wellsville, Utah: facultative sewage lagoons. In both of the small streams, C. perfringens spores could be detected, in decreasing concentrations, for more than 10 km downstream from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents. Coliform and fecal streptococci concentrations varied widely along the streams in apparent response to non-point sources. Samples of cow, horse and sheep feces; farmlot runoff; oxbow lakes that receive fecal material from animal feeding facilities; and from animal grazing area soil were low in C. perfringens spores, but contained high concentrations of other fecal indictor bacteria. C. perfringens spores appear to be a sensitive indicator for microorganisms entering streams with municipal wastewater, even when agricultural non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria are important in the receiving stream. Samples of effluents taken from sewage treatment plants with sand filtration processes, and from facultative sewage lagoons, indicate that C. perfringens spores concentrations may be low in these effluents.
Surface similarity and label knowledge impact early numerical comparisons

Previous research has reported that children's numerical equivalence judgments are affected by surface similarity and counting ability (e.g. Mix, Huttenlocher, & Levine, 1996; Siegel, 1973), a pattern that suggests categorization processes play a role in numerical development. However, because these studies involved memory for sets, large set sizes and counting rather than labelling, the connection between numerical equivalence and non-numerical comparisons has remained tenuous. The present study sought to replicate these effects while avoiding the problems associated with previous research. Five experiments are presented in which 3-year-olds compared various sets in terms of numerical equivalence. As before, children's comparisons were significantly affected by variations in surface similarity, even when there was no memory requirement and sets were small. Also, children with strong label knowledge were more likely to recognize numerical equivalence, especially in low similarity conditions. Still, children performed better when the previous memory and set size demands were eliminated.