cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of CD20 + cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 24 cases (2011–2018) in the USA

Background Limited information is known about the baseline frequency of canine CD20 positive (+ ) cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. A single canine case report has been published. Objectives To characterize the baseline frequency of CD20+ staining in cases of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma; to assess its values as a prognostic indicator. Animals Skin biopsies from 24 client-owned animals diagnosed with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma were assessed. Methods and materials A retrospective review of medical records from 2011 to 2018. Clinical histories and previous histological and immunohistochemical slides were collected from 24 dogs and additional immunohistochemical staining was performed as needed to assess cases of cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma for CD3, CD20, CD79a and PAX5 staining characteristics. Staining characteristics were assessed for their statistical relationship to median survival time. Results Overall median survival time was 189 days following the onset of clinical signs and 99 days following definitive diagnosis; 54% of cases had CD20+ staining. There was no statistically significant correlation between staining characteristics and median survival time from onset of signs (P = 0.54) or from diagnosis (P = 0.61). Conclusions and clinical significance Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma has a higher instance of CD20 positivity than documented previously. This indicates that CD20 staining may be unsuitable to differentiate T-cell and B-cell cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. This also may have therapeutic implications with the advent of canine CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies.
PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC-associated function and behavior during neurodevelopment.

Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator in the maturation of excitatory synapses by interacting and trafficking N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid receptors (AMPAR) to the postsynaptic membrane. PSD-95 disruption has recently been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. However, the effects of PSD-95 deficiency on the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-associated functions, including cognition, working memory, and sociability, has yet to be investigated. Using a PSD-95 knockout mouse model (PSD-95−/−), we examined how PSD-95 deficiency affects NMDAR and AMPAR expression and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during juvenile and adolescent periods of development. We found significant increases in total protein levels of NMDAR subunits GluN1, and GluN2B, accompanied by decreases in AMPAR subunit GluA1 during adolescence. Correspondingly, there is a significant increase in NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated current amplitude ratio that progresses from juvenile-to-adolescence. Behaviorally, PSD-95−/− mice exhibit a lack of sociability, as well as learning and working memory deficits. Together, our data indicate that PSD-95 deficiency disrupts mPFC synaptic function and related behavior at a critical age of development. This study highlights the importance of PSD-95 during neurodevelopment in the mPFC and its potential link in the pathogenesis associated with schizophrenia and/or autism.
Abstract WMP2: Pearls and Pitfalls of the Transradial Approach for Neurointerventions: Lessons Learned After 570 Cases

Background and Purpose: Trans radial catheterization is an alternate route of access that has started to gain more widespread use for neuroendovascular procedures. There are several randomized cont...
Genetic Algorithm Driven Force Field Parameterization for Molten Alkali-Metal Carbonate and Hydroxide Salts

Molten alkali-metal carbonates and hydroxides play important roles in the molten carbonate fuel cell and in Earth's geochemistry. Molecular simulations allow us to study these systems at extreme conditions without the need for difficult experimentation. Using a genetic algorithm to fit ab intio molecular dynamics-computed densities and radial distribution functions, as well as experimental enthalpies of formation, we derive new classical force fields able to accurately predict liquid chemical potentials. These fitting properties were chosen to ensure accurate liquid phase structure and energetics. Although the predicted dynamics is slow when compared to experiments, in general the trends in dynamic properties across different systems still hold true. In addition, these newly parametrized force fields can be extended to the molten carbonate-hydroxide mixtures by using standard combining rules.
An Evolutionary Explosion

From the perspective of a mind like mine (and I assume yours) which measures its own sadly fleeting existence in decades, and thinks of human history in units of just hundreds or thousands of years, it seems about right that it would have taken nature 6–10 million years to produce such a piece of work as us.
Random urine drug testing among patients receiving opioid therapy for cancer pain.

BACKGROUND There is limited information regarding the true frequency of nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) among patients receiving opioid therapy for cancer pain. Data to guide patient selection for urine drug testing (UDT) as well as the timing and frequency of ordering UDT are insufficient. This study examined the frequency of abnormal UDT among patients with cancer who underwent random UDT and their characteristics. METHODS Demographic and clinical information for patients with cancer who underwent random UDT were retrospectively reviewed and compared with a historical cohort that underwent targeted UDT. Random UDT was ordered regardless of a patient's risk potential for NMOU. Targeted UDT was ordered on the basis of a physician's estimation of a patient's risk for NMOU. RESULTS In all, 552 of 573 eligible patients (96%) underwent random UDT. Among these patients, 130 (24%) had 1 or more abnormal results; 38 of the 88 patients (43%) who underwent targeted UDT had 1 or more abnormal results. When marijuana was excluded, 15% of the random group and 37% of the targeted group had abnormal UDT findings (P < .001). It took a shorter time from the initial consultation to detect 1 or more abnormalities with the random test than the targeted test (median, 130 vs 274 days; P = .02). Abnormal random UDT was independently associated with younger age (P < .0001), male sex (P = .03), Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye Opener-Adapted to Include Drugs positivity (P = .001), and higher Edmonton Symptom Assessment System anxiety (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 1 in 4 patients receiving opioids for cancer pain at a supportive care clinic who underwent random UDT had 1 or more abnormalities. Random UDT detected abnormalities earlier than the targeted test. These findings suggest that random UDT is justified among patients with cancer pain.
The act of witnessing: violence, poisonous knowledge and subjectivity

The context is the Partition of India in 1949, with the creation of Pakistan, as seen from the point of view of Punjabi culture (the Punjab was the province closer to the frontiers of the new state) and particularly through the eyes of Asha, a widow 21 years old in 1941, who lived with his deceased husband's family. The transformations derived from the Partition give rise to Asha's following reflections. A daughter's food is never heavy on her parents. But how long will one's parents live? When two pieces of bread are experienced as heavy by one's own brother… then it is better to keep one's honor… make one's peace … and live where one was destined to live. The exegesis of this text is the analytical nucleus of the text. The author is not asking how the events of the Partition were present to consciousness as past events but how they came to be incorporated into the temporal structure of relationships.
Evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of firocoxib administered to mares with experimentally induced placentitis.

Problem Minimal evidence exists supporting therapeutic selections for equine placentitis. The goal of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory effects of firocoxib when administered to mares with placentitis. Methods Mares (gestation D270-300) were assigned to: INFECT (n = 6; placentitis, no treatment), FIRO (n = 6; placentitis, firocoxib, 0.1 mg/kg, PO, daily), and NORM (n = 6; no infection/treatment). Allantoic fluid (8 hours, 24 hours, birth) and amniotic fluid (birth) were collected from mares after infection. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, PGF2α , and PGE2 in fluids were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -1, 3, and 9 in fetal membranes/fetuses was quantified using real-time PCR. Results Allantoic TNF-α concentrations were lowest in FIRO at 8 hours and 24 hours post-infection; IL-6 concentrations were lower in FIRO than NORM at 8 hours, lower in FIRO than INFECT at 24 hours post-inoculation, and lower in NORM than FIRO or INFECT at birth. Marginal mean allantoic IL-β and IL-10 concentrations were lower in FIRO and NORM than INFECT. Amniotic fluid cytokines were lowest in NORM with all measurements in that group being below the limit of detection. Allantoic PGF2α concentrations were lower in FIRO and INFECT than NORM at 8 hours post-inoculation, and lower in FIRO than INFECT or NORM at 24 hours post-inoculation. Allantoic PGE2 concentrations were lower in FIRO than INFECT. Amniotic PGF2α and PGE2 concentrations were lower in NORM than INFECT. In fetal membranes, group differences with respect to IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP1 were dependent on tissue type. Conclusions Data suggest a suppressive effect of firocoxib administration on cytokine and prostaglandin production in mares with placentitis.
A New View of Hypercube Genus

Beineke, Harary, and Ringel discovered a formula for the minimum genus of a torus in which the n-dimensional hypercube graph can be embedded. We give a new proof of the formula by building this sur...
A Multicenter Evaluation of Probiotic Use for the Primary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection.

BACKGROUND Primary prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a priority for hospitals. Probiotics have the potential to interfere with colonization and CDI. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) tool to prescribe probiotics for primary prevention of CDI among adult hospitalized patients. METHODS A CCDS tool was implemented into the electronic medical record at 4 hospitals to prompt prescription of a probiotic preparation at the time of antibiotic prescription in high-risk patients in May 2019. Interrupted time series using segmented regression analysis was conducted to evaluate hospital-wide CDI incidence for the year pre- and post-CCDS implementation. In addition, multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate CDI incidence in patients who qualified for probiotics in the pre- vs post-intervention periods, adjusting for potential confounders. To adjust for potential differences in patients who received probiotics in the post-intervention period, propensity score-matched pairs were developed to evaluate CDI risk by receipt of probiotics. RESULTS Quarterly CDI incidence increased over time post-intervention relative to baseline trends (slope change, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], .9-1.9). The odds ratio (OR) of CDI was 1.41 in eligible patients post-intervention compared with pre-intervention (adjusted OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.79). Propensity score-matched analysis showed that patients who received probiotics did not have lower rates of CDI compared with those who did not receive probiotics (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, .87-2.45). CONCLUSIONS Use of probiotics for primary prevention of CDI among adult inpatients receiving antibiotics is not supported.
Fuzzy Controller Design for an FCC Unit

This paper examines the procedure for a nonlinear modeling and fuzzy controller design of a Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit, also known as FCCU. The case study is an FCCU plant in Abadan Refinery, Iran. FCCU is one of the most important sections in the Petrochemical industry. In 2006 alone, FCCUs refined one-third of the Crude Oil worldwide. FCCUs convert heavy distillates, such as Gasoil (feed) and Crude Oil, to Gasoline, Olefinic gases and other more usable products. Factors including but not limited to FCCU’s high efficiency, and daily price fluctuations in Gas, Oil and Petrochemical products, make the optimization of such units the center of focus for both engineers and investors. Unlike the conventional controllers, Fuzzy Logic is the perfect choice for stochastic, dynamic and nonlinear processes where the mathematical model of the plant cannot be produced, or if realizable, a great deal of approximation is involved. The heuristic approach in Fuzzy Logic controllers is the closest form to the human language, and this virtue will make it a perfect candidate for a wide range of industrial applications. The investigations in this paper are simulated and proven by MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox R2013a. In this paper, the applicability and promising features of Fuzzy Logic controllers for such a complex and demanding plant will be investigated.
An unorthodox magnetic survey of a large forested historic site

As part of the Tombigbee Historic Townsites Project, a magnetic survey was undertaken at the 19th century rivertown site of Barton, Mississippi (22CL807). Its purpose was to locate archaeological features to aid in the planning of mitigation excavation. The large townsite area, its forest cover, undefined boundaries for individual structure sites, and the time available resulted in an unusual survey strategy. Total community coverage was achieved through paced grid measurements using four proton magnetometers, each worn in a harness by a separate operator. Interpretation and field investigation of magnetic data identified large soil features containing iron and large brick features. The unexpected scarcity of structural features as indicated independently by the magnetic survey and archaeological excavation supports an interpretation for both insubstantial architecture originally and subsequent recycling at the townsite.
Physician-assisted suicide and the doctrine of double effect

In this paper, I try to show how the clash between two different types of ethical theory—consequentialist and nonconsequentialist—affects moral and legal arguments for physician assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia (E). I begin by presenting a three-step argument for the permissibility of PAS and E, and then examine two possible criticisms of this argument. In conclusion, I consider how the possible further consequences of permitting PAS are dealt with by proponents of the two ethical theories.
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters in Neuronal Communication.

Two isoforms of the cation-Cl– cotransporter family are expressed in neurons and modulate neurotransmission. NKCC1, a Na+-K+-2Cl– cotransporter, by raising internal Cl–, is responsible for excitatory GABAergic activity in immature brain and in adult sensory neurons. KCC2, a neuronal-specific isoform of the K+-Cl– cotransporter, by lowering internal Cl–, is critical for inhibitory GABA responses in mature central nervous system neurons.
Chapter 24 Increasing returns, imperfect competition and the positive theory of international trade

Publisher Summary This focuses on increasing returns, imperfect competition, and the positive theory of international trade. It describes the integrated-economy approach to international trade. It is common in the expositions of the international trade theory to start by imagining two isolated countries, which then are allowed to begin trade with each other. The integrated economy approach goes in the reverse direction, starting from a unified economy and then breaking it up. Using the integrated economy approach, it can be shown that the details of particular monopolistic competition models of trade, such as the form of product differentiation, do not matter when it comes to the description of the motives for and pattern of trade. In addition, a picture of trade can be easily offered in which both economies of scale and comparative advantage are the motives for trade. The chapter presents a restatement of the integrated-economy approach to the trade theory and presents a survey of other developments that cannot be treated within that approach. It also discusses the achievements and limits of the new trade theory.
The Haitian Refugee

This paper reports an exploratory study of the situation of Haitian refugees in the U.S., based on extensive interviews and conversations with health care providers around the state of Florida. The study raises the issues that are applicable to other disadvantaged subcultures, and illustrates the need for further, more rigorous fact-finding and attention by health care providers. Suggestions for social workers working in cross-cultural settings are also discussed.
Posttraumatic stress in infants and preschoolers with cancer

Objective: This study is the ! rst to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children with cancer and to examine individual, medical, and parent-related determinants. Methods: Forty-eight patients with cancer, ages 8‐48 months, were assessed in an average of 15 months after their diagnosis, using mothers as informants to complete the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Semi-Structured Interview and Observational Record for Infants and Young Children. Additionally, mothers and the attending pediatric oncologist completed questionnaires on various determinants of child PTSD. Results: Nine children (18.8%) met the age-appropriate criteria for full PTSD proposed by Scheeringa et al., and 20 children (41.7%) met criteria for partial PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher child age at diagnosis (odds ratio=1.11) and maternal PTSD severity (odds ratio=1.14) increased the risk of full or partial PTSD in children. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for a substantial prevalence of PTSD in young children with cancer and identi! es important risk factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper and lower bounds for one-write multivalued regular registers

This paper presents an algorithm for implementing a k-ary regular register (the logical register) using k(k-1)/2 binary regular registers (the physical registers) that requires only one physical write per logical write. The algorithm is simple to describe and depends on properties of paths in a related graph. Two lower bounds on the number of registers required by one-write implementations are given. The first lower bound holds for a restricted class of implementations and implies that the authors' algorithm is optimal for this class. The second lower bound, 2k-1-(log k), holds for a more general class of algorithms. Both lower bounds improve on the best previously known lower bound, which was k. Their second lower bound uses a general result for transforming a one-write algorithm into another one-write algorithm for fewer logical values using fewer physical registers. They show that for any one-write algorithm, there is no advantage, in terms of number of physical registers, to be gained if readers write, or if different readers follow different protocols, or if a reader's protocol depends on its history. Furthermore, for the second class of algorithms, there is also no advantage to be gained if the reader reads some physical registers more than once. These results are shown using transformation techniques similar to the one mentioned previously. >
Parameters of interstitial water collected by a new sampler from the biotopes ofCyathura polita (Isopoda) in six Southeastern States

A new, hand-operated sampler which collects interstitial water to a depth of 7.0 cm is described. To test the usefulness of the instrument, studies were made of 17 habitats ofCyathura polita in the southeastern United States. Measurements of physical-chemical parameters were made of interstitial and overlying waters, and associated plants and animals were noted to further characterize the cyathuran biotopes. Temperature and dissolved oxygen of interstitial water were determinedin situ with a galvanic oxygen analyzer and thermistor. Water pumped from the sampler was used to measure pH and salinity. The instrument performed well, and repeated sampling at one locality yielded consistent results.
Some effects of target-induced scintillation on optical radar performance

The statistical performance of pulsed optical radars that use energy detection is considered. While the signal photoelectron statistics produced by a return from a specular target are Poisson, those produced by a return from a rough target are shown to be negative binomial. Radar performance is shown to depend on the number of spatial correlation cells of energy density observed by the receiving aperture, with performance generally deteriorating as the number of observed cells decreases. The physical factors influencing the number of observed correlation cells for the cases of partial and total interception of the transmitted beam are examined.
Management of Prenatally Detected Fetal Hydronephrosis

The increased frequency of prenatal ultrasonography has resulted in an increase in the detection of fetal genitourinary abnormalities, many of which are of minimal clinical significance. Severe fetal urinary tract obstruction with associated oligohydramnios results in a recognizable constellation of physical findings, including renal dysplasia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and perinatal death. In selected cases, prenatal intervention to decompress urinary tract obstruction may reestablish amniotic fluid volume, prevent renal damage, and allow normal pulmonary development. After severe renal injury has occurred, intervention is unlikely to improve the prognosis of the affected fetus. Renal function may be analyzed prenatally by ultrasound examination and determination of chemical composition of fetal urine in order to identify fetuses in whom kidney development has not yet been irrevocably damaged and those likely to benefit from prenatal intervention. Postnatal renal evaluation with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, and radionuclide imaging facilitates further characterization of the abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasound examination.
A Framework for Evaluating and Enhancing Alignment in Self-Regulated Learning Research.

We discuss the articles of this special issue with reference to an important yet previously only implicit dimension of study quality: alignment across the theoretical and methodological decisions that collectively define an approach to self-regulated learning. Integrating and extending work by leaders in the field, we propose a framework for evaluating alignment in the way self-regulated learning research is both conducted and reported. Within this framework, the special issue articles provide a springboard for discussing methodological considerations of increasingly sophisticated research on the dynamic, contingent, and contextualized features of self-regulated learning.
Traces and extensions of matrix-weighted Besov spaces

Let V be a matrix weight on ℝ n+1 and let W be a matrix weight on ℝ n , satisfying, for example, the matrix A p condition. Define the trace, or restriction, operator Tr by Tr (f)(x ′ )=f(x ′ , 0), where x ′ ∈ℝ n and f is a function on ℝ n+1 . If α−1/p>n (1/p−1) + +(β−n)/p, where β is the doubling exponent of W, then the trace operator is bounded from into (matrix-weighted Besov spaces) if and only if the weights V and W uniformly satisfy an estimate controlling the average of on any dyadic cube I ⊆ ℝ n by the average of on Q(I)=I×[0, l(I)], for all . If V and W satisfy the converse inequality, then there exists a continuous linear map . If both inequalities hold, then Tr ○ Ext is the identity on .
The Effect of Regions of Interest and Spectral Pre-Processing on the Detection of Non-0157 Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli Serogroups on Agar Media by Hyperspectral Imaging:

Foodborne infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major worldwide health concern. The best known and highly virulent STEC serogroup is E. coli 0157:H7, which can be easily identified when cultured on sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar. Recently, six non-0157 STEC serogroups have been found to cause human illnesses. These non-0157 serogroups ferment sorbital and form pink colonies; therefore SMAC agar cannot be used to differentiate non-0157 serogroups from each other and other flora growing on the plate. This study investigated the potential of visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics to spectrally differentiate six representative non-0517 STEC serogroups (026, 045, 0103, 0111, 0121 and 0145) grown as spots on Rainbow agar media. Mahalanobis distance classifiers were developed with spectra obtained from ground truth regions of interest (ROIs) of each serogroup colony. The ROIs were selected as a doughnut-like open-ellipse to only include the leading edge of growth and as a closed-ellipse covering the entire colony. For each ROI type, the Mahalanobis distance classifiers were developed with log (1/Reflectance), first derivative and standard normal variate and detrending (SNVD) pre-processing treatments. Serogroups 045 and 0121 were consistently classified over 98% accurate, regard less of the classification algorithm used. The lowest classification accuracies were from classifiers developed with only log (1/R) ROI spectra. First derivative and SNVD spectra helped to increase the detection accuracies of the other serogroups. The classification accuracy for serogroups 026, 0111, 0103 and 0145 with the closed-ellipse and open-ellipse classification algorithms showed varying results from 8% to 87% and 57% to 100%, respectively. The lower accuracies with closed ellipse spectra were due to greater spectral variation in the centre pixels on a per-pixel basis. Practical implications of this study are the demonstrated potential of hyperspectral imaging for presumptive-positive screening of non-0157 serogroups on Rainbow agar and the extensibility of the developed sampling methods and classification models for future research to identify the target bacteria in the presence of background flora grown on spread plates.
Purification and properties of a specific fructose 1,6-diphosphatase from Candida utilis☆

Abstract A procedure is described for the isolation of crystalline fructose 1,6-diphosphatase from Candida utilis. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes the C-1 phosphate group of fructose 1,6-diphosphate with the production of stoichiometric amounts of fructose 6-phosphate and Pi. It has a molecular weight of approximately 100,000, an alkaline pH optimum (9.0–9.5), a requirement for Mg++ or Mn++, and a low Km for fructose 1,6-diphosphate. This enzyme shows no activity at pH 7.5–8.0 unless EDTA is added. With 0.1 mM EDTA the activity becomes nearly equal to that observed at pH 9.5 in the absence of EDTA. This effect of EDTA was also observed in crude extracts. Other compounds, including histidine, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, cysteine, KCN, o-phenanthroline, glutathione, and α,α-dipyridyl, also induced enzymic activity at pH 7.5 but much higher concentrations were required than with EDTA. The induced activity at pH 7.5 was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of AMP. In the presence of 1.0 mM fructose 1,6-diphosphate there was no inhibition of enzymic activity by equivalent concentrations of sedoheptulose 1,7-diphosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, or fructose 1-phosphate. The enzyme was relatively insensitive to inhibition by Pi, and diisopropylfluorophosphate; significant inhibition occurred with Pb++, Ca++, and fluoride.
Fragments of the Present: Searching for Modernity in Vietnam's South

MapsFiguresIllustrationsAbbreviationsPrefaceIntroduction1 Neo-colonialism as poison2 Renunciations of socialism3 Indigenising modernity in Nam Bo4 Reinventing modernity as threat5 Civilisation in the orchardConclusionEpilogueNotesBibliographyIndex
Prospective Person Memory: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Personal Interaction, and Multiple Images in Recognition of Wanted Persons

Prospective person memory refers to recognition of individuals one has been asked to be on the lookout for, such as wanted criminals or missing persons. Past field experiments have tended to find very low rates of identification. The present experiments examine whether multiple pictures, personal interaction, and increased self-efficacy would improve prospective person memory. Participants viewed a mock wanted person alert and were told that if they saw the person depicted in the alert they could win a cash prize. The alert either showed a single picture of the target person or multiple pictures. The target individual then showed up at the dining hall participants routinely had lunch. Some participants had peronal interaction with the target and some participants were led to believe that the likelihood of encounter was quite high. Despite these manipulations, only a small number of participants reported seeing the target individual.
Lower Extremity Revascularization Based on Intraoperative Arteriography

The traditional approach to patients with lower extremity ischemia involves "diagnostic" arteriography performed in a radiology angiography suite prior to a separate revascularization in an operating room suite. This time-honored and staged approach has the disadvantage of an associated significant angiographic complication rate. Furthermore, in view of the accuracy of noninvasive testing and the capacity for intraoperative arteriography, this separation of diagnostic and reparative techniques may be outdated and cost-ineffective. A combination of the two in a modern operating room is a more logical approach.
Gender and Politeness

Gender and Politeness. Sara Mills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. viii. 270 pp.
Large deformation mechano-optical and dynamical phase behavior in uniaxially stretched poly (ethylene naphthalate)

Uniaxial deformation behavior of PEN films in the rubbery state is investigated as a function of processing temperature, draw rate, and molecular weight (Mw). Real-time measurement of true stress−true strain and birefringence of the films during the process of stretching is obtained by using a novel instrumented uniaxial stretching machine that couples the spectral birefringence system with the real-time strain detection system. This enables quantitative measurement of true stress−true strain and birefringence, enabling quick and nonstop measurement of stress−optical behavior (SOB) of PEN. A three-regime SOB was obtained for PEN films: (i) regime Istress optical rule applies with a stress optical constant (SOC) of 27.5 GPa-1; following this regime the behavior become nonlinear in (ii) regime II and birefringence rises steeply; finally in (iii) regime III, birefringence reaches a plateau while stress increases. All regimes are affected by the temperature, rate, and Mw. Decreasing temperature and increasin...
SOME STRUCTURED SELF-REPORT CORRELATES OF FANTASY MEASURES OF THE NEED FOR VARIETY1

This study investigated further the possibility that the tendencies to produce novelty, have curiosity, and desire novelty are three distinct forms of the need for variety. Fantasy (thematic apperception) measures of these tendencies were obtained, along with some variables measured by the structured self-report method, on 87 male subjects. The fantasy measures showed considerable independence of each other. The correlations between fantasy and self-report measures confirmed expectation by suggesting that people high in novelty of productions or curiosity are similar in valuing and striving for variety, and in having high characteristic levels of activation. Contrary to expectations, the fantasy measure of desire for novelty did not share this similarity. This one of the three fantasy measures also showed the lowest internal consistency.
Regulation of basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, gene expression in glomerular epithelial cells by high glucose medium

Proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy has been correlated with reduction in heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) content of the glomerular basement membrane. We have previously shown that the underlying mechanism probably involves reduction in the synthesis by glomerular epithelial cells. In this study we explored whether high glucose medium regulates basement membrane HSPG gene expression. Northern analysis demonstrated that rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro constitutively express mRNA for basement membrane HSPG, similar to that observed in rat kidney glomerulus. RNase protection assay showed that incubation of glomerular epithelial cells with 30 mM glucose for 24 h and 7 days resulted in reduction in HSPG mRNA abundance. The decrease in mRNA abundance correlated with reduction in the synthesis of 35SO4-labeled basement membrane HSPG as measured by immunoprecipitation. Reduction in synthesis of HSPG could not be entirely accounted for by decrease in mRNA abundance, suggesting both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms may be involved in reduction of glomerular basement membrane HSPG synthesis by glomerular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.
Effects of irradiance on the response of the coral Acropora pulchra and the calcifying alga Hydrolithon reinboldii to temperature elevation and ocean acidification

Abstract We tested experimentally if irradiance can modulate the response of coral reef calcifiers to seawater warming and ocean acidification. Nubbins of the coral Acropora pulchra and individuals of the calcifying alga Hydrolithon reinboldii were incubated for 20 d under 2 irradiances (150 and 650 μmol quanta m− 2 s− 1) in a matrix of duplicate treatments crossing 2 temperatures (27.2 °C and 29.8 °C) with 3 pCO2 levels (400, 750 and 1100 μatm). To determine the effects of the treatments, net calcification was measured in A. pulchra and H. reinboldii, and biomass in A. pulchra. High temperature and low irradiance caused a significant decrease in coral net calcification, whereas only low irradiance resulted in a significant decrease in algal net calcification. The biomass of A. pulchra was affected significantly by pCO2 and light (separately and in synergy), with maximum biomass measured at 750 μatm pCO2 in 3 out of 4 combinations of light and temperature. Light intensity adds complexity to the response of reef calcifiers to ocean acidification through indirect effects on coral biomass, which will need to be considered in future studies.
Shape-selective separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on tetraphenylporphyrin-based stationary phases

The reversed-phase chromatographic behavior of planar and non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is investigated on tetraphenylporphyrin and two metallotetraphenylporphyrin @(IV), In(III)] bonded stationary phases using methanol-water and acetonitrile-water as mixed solvent mobile phases. Large differences in the capacity factors of aromatic solute pairs having the same number of carbon atoms, but differing in three-dimensional shape (e.g., triphenylenelo-terphenyl and perylenela, a’-binaphthyl), suggest that the three tetraphenylporphyrin-based supports possess shape selectivity toward small planar aromatic solutes. Capacity factors for planar PAH solutes on these supports are significantly greater than for non-planar polyaryls having the same number of carbon atoms.
Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study

The safety of dietary protein and phosphorous restriction was evaluated in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. In Study A, 585 patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25 to 55 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomly assigned to a usual-protein diet (1.3 g/kg/day) or a low-protein diet (0.58 g/kg/day). In Study B, 255 patients with a GFR of 13 to 24 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomly assigned to the low-protein diet or a very-low-protein diet (0.28 g/kg/day), supplemented with a ketoacid-amino acid mixture (0.28 g/kg/day). The low-protein and very-low-protein diets were also low in phosphorus. Mean duration of follow-up was 2.2 years in both studies. Protein and energy intakes were lower in the low-protein and very-low-protein diet groups than in the usual-protein group. Two patients in Study B reached a "stop point" for malnutrition. There was no difference between randomized groups in the rates of death, first hospitalizations, or other "stop points" in either study. Mean values for various indices of nutritional status remained within the normal range during follow-up in each diet group. However, there were small but significant changes from baseline in some nutritional indices, and differences between the randomized groups in some of these changes. In the low-protein and very-low-protein diet groups, serum albumin rose, while serum transferrin, body wt, percent body fat, arm muscle area and urine creatinine excretion declined. Combining patients in both diet groups in each study, a lower achieved protein intake (from food and supplement) was not correlated with a higher rate of death, hospitalization or stop points, or with a progressive decline in any of the indices of nutritional status after controlling for baseline nutritional status and follow-up energy intake. These analyses suggest that the low-protein and very-low-protein diets used in the MDRD Study are safe for periods of two to three years. Nonetheless, both protein and energy intake declined and there were small but significant declines in various indices of nutritional status. These declines are of concern because of the adverse effect of protein calorie malnutrition in patients with end-stage renal disease. Physicians who prescribe low-protein diets must carefully monitor patients' protein and energy intake and nutritional status.
Beyond proof of principle: new genes for Alzheimer's disease through collaboration.

identified. Three of these, the amyloid precursor protein [APP] 2 and the presenilin 1 and 2 [PS1 and PS2] genes 3–5 , were identified using the classical Mendelian positional cloning paradigm most prominently applied in the 1990’s. This success was facilitated by highlypenetrant autosomal dominant inheritance in early-onset AD families. While these three genes explain the majority of early-onset familial AD and their identification represents a tremendous accomplishment, collectively they account for less than 2% of all AD cases. The genetic architecture underlying the far more common late-onset AD (LOAD; age at onset ≥ 60 years of age) 6 is much more complex. The sibling recurrence risk (λs)for AD is surprisingly consistent across studies 7–9 with a range of about 4–5. The confluence of biology 10, 11 and genetic mapping 12 facilitated the identification of the association between
Nanotubes in Nanoelectronics: Transport, Growth and Modeling

Carbon nanotube (CNT) baud nanotechnology appears to be promising for future Theoretical analysis and results for the ballistic current carrying capacity of nanotube wires am presented. Aspects of metal-nanotube coupling are examined. Results am also presented for chemical vapor deposition of CNT from hydrocarbon feedstock.
Adaptive Reliability Chipkill Correct (ARCC)

Chipkill correct is an advanced type of error correction in memory that is popular among servers. Large field studies of memories have shown that chipkill correct reduces uncorrectable error rate by 4X [11] to 36X [12] compared to SECDED. Currently, there is a strong trade-off between power and reliability among different chipkill correct solutions. For example, commercially available chipkill correct solutions that can detect up to two failed devices and correct one (eg. SCCDCD) or two (eg. Double Chip Sparing) failed devices require accessing 36 DRAM devices per memory request. However, a weaker single chipkill correct single chipkill detect solution only requires accessing 18 devices per memory request and, therefore consumes much lower memory power. In this paper, we present Adaptive Reliability Chipkill Correct (ARCC) - an optimization to be applied to existing chipkill correct solutions to allow them to incur the low power consumption of a lower strength chipkill correct solution while maintaining similar reliability as that of a stronger chipkill correct solution. ARCC is based on the observation that, on average, only a tiny fraction of memory experiences any type of faults during the typical operational lifespan of a server. As such, it proposes relaxing the strength of chipkill correct in the beginning and then adaptively increasing the strength as needed on a page by page basis in order to reap the benefit of lower power consumption during the majority of the lifetime of a memory system. Our evaluation shows that ARCC reduces the power consumption of memory by 36%, on average, when applied to commercial SCCDCD, while keeping the storage overhead the same and maintaining similar reliability.
Aflatoxin Regulations and Global Pistachio Trade: Insights from Social Network Analysis

Aflatoxins, carcinogenic toxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, contaminate maize, peanuts, and tree nuts in many regions of the world. Pistachios are the main source of human dietary aflatoxins from tree nuts worldwide. Over 120 countries have regulations for maximum allowable aflatoxin levels in food commodities. We developed social network models to analyze the association between nations’ aflatoxin regulations and global trade patterns of pistachios from 1996–2010. The main pistachio producing countries are Iran and the United States (US), which together contribute to nearly 75% of the total global pistachio market. Over this time period, during which many nations developed or changed their aflatoxin regulations in pistachios, global pistachio trade patterns changed; with the US increasingly exporting to countries with stricter aflatoxin standards. The US pistachio crop has had consistently lower levels of aflatoxin than the Iranian crop over this same time period. As similar trading patterns have also been documented in maize, public health may be affected if countries without aflatoxin regulations, or with more relaxed regulations, continually import crops with higher aflatoxin contamination. Unlike the previous studies on maize, this analysis includes a dynamic element, examining how trade patterns change over time with introduction or adjustment of aflatoxin regulations.
Explaining Differential Reporting of Victimization between Parents and Children: A Consideration of Social Biases

Studies have shown that children and parents provide different reports of children’s victimization, with children often reporting more victimization. However, the reason for this differential reporting is unclear. This study explored two types of social biases (emotion recognition and perceived impairment) in parents and children as possible reasons underlying differential reporting. Six- to 10-year-old children and one of their parents were tested in a lab. Testing included subjective measures of parent alexithymic traits, child perceived impairment from victimization, and child- and parent-reported frequency of children’s peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Parents and children also completed an objective measure of emotion recognition. Both types of social bias significantly predicted reports of children’s peer victimization frequency as well as internalizing and externalizing difficulties, as rated by parents and children. Moreover, child perceived impairment bias, rather than parent emotion bias, best predicted differential reporting of peer victimization. Finally, a significant interaction demonstrated that the influence of child perceived impairment bias on differential reporting was most salient in the presence of parent emotion bias. This underscores the importance of expanding interventions for victimized youth to include the restructuring of social biases.
A NOTE ON ADDITIVE RANK FUNCTIONS

Additive rank functions have been studied for Noetherian rings by Krause. It is shown that the notion of an additive rank function can be extended to more general classes of rings, and can be used in the characterization of semiprime Goldie rings and of orders in Artinian rings.
Complement promotes the development of inflammatory T-helper 17 cells through synergistic interaction with Toll-like receptor signaling and interleukin-6 production.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and complement are 2 major components of innate immunity that provide a first-line host defense and shape the adaptive immune responses. We show here that coincidental activation of complement and several TLRs in mice led to the synergistic production of serum factors that promoted T-helper cell 17 (Th17) differentiation from anti-CD3/CD28 or antigen-stimulated T cells. Although multiple TLR-triggered cytokines were regulated by complement, Th17 cell–promoting activity in the serum was correlated with interleukin (IL)–6 induction, and antibody neutralization of IL-6 abrogated the complement effect. By using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we examined in more detail the mechanism and physiologic implication of complement/TLR4 interaction on Th17-cell differentiation. We found that the complement effect required C5a receptor, was evident at physiologically relevant levels of C5a, and could be demonstrated in cultured peritoneal macrophages as well as in the setting of antigen immunization. Importantly, despite an inhibitory effect of complement on IL-23 production, complement-promoted Th17 cells were functionally competent in causing autoimmunity in an adoptive transfer model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, these data establish a link between complement/TLR interaction and Th17-cell differentiation and provide new insight into the mechanism of action of complement in autoimmunity.
How good are two-point estimates of urban density gradients and central densities?

Abstract Some researchers have estimated urban density gradients and central densities using only information on the population and area of the inner city and the outer ring of suburbs. The statistical properties of these two-point estimates have not been previously analyzed. This paper shows the difficulties in providing a definitive analysis of these properties and provides, as an alternative, some Monte Carlo experiments. It appears that the two-point density gradients are mildly biased downward (toward zero), while the bias on the central density depends on the underlying error structure. Two-point estimates are compared with OLS and nonlinear least-squares estimates. Some results for actual cities are also provided.
The Effects of Deep Physical Relaxation and Low‐Frequency‐Alpha Brainwaves on Alpha Subjective Reports

Many biofeedback studies link alpha brainwaves to calmness, tranquility. inner peace, and altered stales of consciousness (hereinafter called “alpha subjective reports” or “ASRs”), but other studies do not. This experiment explores the possibility this conflict is based on: 1) varying levels of physical relaxation of subjects in different studies (relaxation hypothesis) although all subjects were in alpha brainwaves, and/or 2) the subjects' dominant alpha frequency within the alpha brainwave bandwidth (alpha-frequency-level hypothesis). Previous studies have not controlled these variables. Highly subjects received 50 min of biofeedback contingent on alpha brainwaves (N=32), muscle relaxation (N=32), or randomly (N=16) and reported their mental states and feelings during training. The relaxation hypothesis received very strong support–deeply relaxed subjects reported significantly more ASRs than less relaxed subjects–indicating that relaxation level could easily explain the conflict in the literature regarding ASRs. The alpha-frequency-level hypothesis training paradigm was not completely successful; future studies are planned to further investigate the relationship of ASRs with alpha brainwaves.