cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vasodilator action of a “pressor amine,” mephentermine (Wyamine), in circulatory shock

Abstract Mephentermine is not a vasoconstrictor drug but improves circulation by increasing myocardial contractility, reducing the volume of blood stored in the venous capacitance circuit, and increasing venous return. These observations, initially made in experimental studies on dogs, were confirmed in 11 patients with circulatory shock in whom mephentermine consistently increased cardiac output but did not increase arterial pressure. Peripheral arterial resistance was usually reduced, indicating that mephentermine more often acted as a vasodilator drug. When the effects of mephentermine and metaraminol were compared, mephentermine consistently increased the heart rate and cardiac index, and reduced peripheral arterial resistance: whereas metaraminol produced simultaneous but lesser increase in cardiac index and a consistently higher arterial resistance value. Since increased flow without compromise of increased arterial resistance are desirable circulatory effects in treatment of shock, these observations have potentially important clinical implications.
Active transtensional boundary zone between the western Great Basin and Sierra Nevada block, western U.S. Cordillera

The Walker Lane and northern part of the eastern California shear zone form a boundary zone accommodating differential motion between the Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin. Within the boundary zone, Global Positioning System velocities show a westward increase from 2–3 mm/yr in the central Great Basin to ∼14 mm/yr in the Sierra Nevada and a clockwise rotation from west-northwest to northwest. In the same region, incremental extensional strain axes recorded by earthquake focal mechanisms and fault-slip inversion show an east to west counterclockwise rotation of 50°, from parallel with the velocity field in the central Great Basin to nearly orthogonal to the velocity field along the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada. Unlike plane-strain deformation within the central Great Basin, the progressive deviation between the orientation of extension axes and the velocity field in the boundary zone is a product of nonplane strain. The boundary zone records active constriction formed in conditions varying from wrench-dominated to extension-dominated transtension.
Formulation of Sustained-Release Verapamil HCl and Diltiazem HCl Semisolid Matrix Capsules

Semisolid matrix capsule formulations of verapamil HCl and diltiazem HCl prepared by hot-melt capsule filling are an especially appealing and simple way to make sustained-release formulations. Semisolid matrices of Gelucire® 50/13 and stearic acid combination eroded and disintegrated at various rates, depending on the combination of waxes, and drug release rates were dependent on storage time (2.5 years) and temperature. Semisolid matrices of combinations of only Gelucire® 50/13 and cetyl alcohol eroded at a rate much less than combinations of Gelucire® 50/13 and stearic acid. The drug release mechanism from Gelucire® 50/13: stearic acid matrices involved diffusion and erosion, whereas Gelucire® 50/13 and cetyl alcohol matrices exhibited a diffusion mechanism only. A combination of Gelucire® 50/13 with cetyl alcohol is more effective than stearic acid in appropriately extending verapamil HCl release from semisolid matrix capsules. The semisolid matrix formulations studied are sensitive to dissolution stir...
Changes in left ventricular size, wall thickness, and function in anemic patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin

Left ventricular size and function were evaluated in 15 anemic chronic hemodialysis patients before and after the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). All patients were studied with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic examinations before the initiation of rHuEPO (T1) and at 28 +/- 7 weeks of rHuEPO therapy (T2). The two-dimensional targeted M-mode echocardiographic measurements obtained were: end-diastolic dimension (EDD); end-systolic dimension (ESD); stroke dimension (SD); dimensional shortening (SD/EDD); systolic posterior wall thickness (PWs); diastolic posterior and interventricular septal thickness; end-systolic wall stress (ESWS); and left ventricular mass. Mean hematocrit in these patients increased almost 50%. The EDD decreased from a mean value (+/- SEM) of 6.41 +/- 0.33 to 4.93 +/- 0.21 cm (p less than 0.05). ESD decreased from a mean value of 4.16 +/- 1.2 to 2.77 +/- 0.06 cm (p less than 0.05). The calculated mean SD decreased slightly but not significantly from 2.21 +/- 0.69 to 2.19 +/- 0.60 cm. The calculated SD/EDD increased from a mean 0.35 +/- 0.09 to 0.44 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.05). ESWS fell from 59.2 +/- 12.2 to 37.6 +/- 9.3 gm/cm2 (p less than 0.01), and left ventricular mass fell (p less than 0.05) from 347 +/- 15.2 to 227 +/- 59 gm. There was no significant difference in resting heart rate or systolic blood pressure between T1 and T2. The increase in dimension shortening reflects afterload reduction, as indicated by the fall in end-systolic wall stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF RATES IN ELECTRIC UTILITIES

The authors undertake an empirical examination of the hyopthetical relationship between political variables and regulatory commission behavior (i.e., utility rate levels). Focusing on five political variables, they find evidence to support the argument that political factors do affect electric utility rates. They find commissioner terms of office and number of commissioners to be significantly related to the rate levels, and offer explanations for contrary findings. 14 references, 3 tables.
Relation of length and sex to selenium concentrations in mosquitofish.

Abstract Analysis of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis , has proven useful for monitoring contaminant levels in aquatic biota; however, the small size of this species often requires the compositing of several fish to provide sufficient biomass for selenium analysis. Such composites have usually been obtained without considering the length and sex of the individual fish. The present study found significant differences in mean lengths and sex ratios of mosquitofish sampled with small-mesh dip nets from five sites close to each other in the San Joaquin Valley, California. To test the effect of these different sample characteristics, fish from each site were divided by sex into five size classes ( 60 mm total length) before analysis for total selenium. Altogether, fish from the San Luis Drain and Kesterson Ponds 2 and 7 contained 65–360 μg g −1 selenium (dry weight basis), or about 28- to 300-fold more than concentrations in fish of the same length and sex from the Volta Wasteway and Volta Pond 26. Except for females 31–45 mm long from the San Luis Drain that had higher concentrations than either smaller or larger females, selenium concentrations did not differ significantly among size classes. Although concentrations differed between sexes in samples from the San Luis Drain, Kesterson Pond 2, and Volta Pond 26, neither males nor females consistently had the higher concentrations. In the San Luis Drain, 20–30 and 31–45 mm long females had higher concentrations than did males of the same size classes; in Kesterson Pond 2 and Volta Pond 26, however, 20–30 mm long males had higher concentrations than did females of the same size class. Although no consistent patterns were observed, the occasional differences in selenium concentrations in fish of different length and sex indicate that these variables should be considered when surveys and monitoring studies are designed.
Effects of regional systolic asynchrony on left ventricular global diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Patients with coronary artery disease often have impaired left ventricular diastolic filling despite normal global systolic function. The influence of regional systolic asynchrony on diastolic function was assessed by radionuclide angiography in 60 patients with coronary artery disease and normal ejection fraction at rest: group 1 (n = 30) with normal wall motion at rest and group 2 (n = 30) with abnormal wall motion. Data were compared with those obtained from 19 normal volunteers. Age, heart rate, ejection fraction and echocardiographic enddiastolic dimension did not differ among the three groups. Peak filling rate in group 1 and group 2 was similar (2.5 ± 0.5 and 2.3 ± 0.6 end-diastolic counts/s, respectively) and significantly lower than that in the normal subjects (2.8 ± 0.7 end-diastolic counts/s; p Asynchrony was assessed by sector analysis of the radionuclide left ventricular region of interest. Diastolic asynchrony was similar in the two patient groups (30 ± 23 ms in group 2, 26 ± 16 ms in group 1) and was higher in both groups than in the normal subjects (16 ± 8 ms; p Thus, left ventricular systolic asynchrony affects both the relaxation and filling phases of diastole, thereby contributing to the impairment of diastolic function commonly observed in patients with coronary artery disease.
Optical scattering enhanced by silicon micromachined surfaces

Abstract Advanced semiconductor detection devices incorporate surface texturing to reduce the reflection of incident radiation, and thus, enhance optical absorption through scattering. Using micromachining techniques, three different silicon surfaces were fabricated, optically characterized, and analyzed in terms of their ability to scatter incident optical energy. The fabricated surfaces consist of randomly sized and spaced pyramids (RSSPs), deep vertical-wall grooves (DVWGs), and porous silicon (PS). The RSSP textured surfaces consist of randomly-sized pyramids whose square base widths and heights span 0.5–12.0 μm, but otherwise manifest consistent shape and symmetry. The pyramid walls form an angle of 54.74° with respect to the surface of the sample. The DVWG structures consist of interdigitated, 270-μm deep, 25-μm wide, and 1000-μm long grooves separated by 5-μm wide walls. The porous silicon samples consist of surfaces with etched random pores that are 0.2–5-μm deep, 1–5-μm long, and 0.1–5-μm wide. Utilizing laser scatterometry, the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the silicon textured surfaces was measured at commercially available laser wavelengths of 1.06 and 10.6 μm. A highly-polished, single-crystal silicon wafer was used as a reference surface. The three micromachined surfaces manifested enhanced scattering at 1.06 μm, as demonstrated by a reduced specular peak and increased average BRDF. The RSSP textured surface also demonstrated a small BRDF value at the 10.6-μm illumination laser wavelength.
Droplet Breakup and Shear-Induced Mixing in Critical Polymer Blends†

Phase-contrast microscopy, small-angle light scattering, and fluorescence microscopy have been combined in situ to study domain deformation, breakup, and homogenization in unstable mixtures of polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) under shear flow. Close to the critical point, mixing of the two components toward a single homogeneous phase occurs via repeated deformation and fragmentation of minority-phase droplets, and the data are in good agreement with the mode-coupling renormalization-group (MCRG) theory of a simple binary mixture under shear flow. Well into the two-phase region of diluted high-molecular-weight PS/PB blends, however, the data suggest a tendency for Tc(γ) to saturate at very high shear rates.
Progress towards nitride blue and near-UV VCSELs

Abstract Advances in nitride-based blue and violet light emitters - most notably high-efficiency LEDs and edge-emitting diode lasters - now suggest possibilities for more advanced types of geometry such as those based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting structures.
Incorporation of a High Concentration of Mineral or Vitamin into Chitosan-Based Films

Mineral or vitamin E was incorporated into chitosan-based films: 10-200% (w/w chitosan) Gluconal Cal (GC), a mixture of calcium gluconate and lactate; 5-20% zinc lactate (ZL); and 5-20% α-tocopheryl acetate (VE) with acetylated monoglyceride (AM). The functionality of film-forming solutions and dried films was analyzed with standard procedures, and mathematical equations were developed to coordinate selected film functionality with the type and concentration of incorporated mineral or vitamin E. GC incorporation significantly increased pH and decreased viscosity of film-forming solutions, but not the addition of ZL or VE. The water barrier property of the films was improved by increasing the concentration of mineral or vitamin E in the film matrix. The tensile strength of the films was more significantly affected by GC or VE addition than film elongation, puncture strength, and puncture deformation. While a major endothermic peak around 200 °C was observed in DSC thermograms of chitosan-based films, only 200% GC incorporation altered this endothermic peak. This study demonstrated the capability of chitosan-based film matrix to carry a high concentration of mineral or vitamin E. Such films may be used for wrapping or coating to enhance the nutritional value of foods.
Pattern detection in the presence of maskers that differ in spatial phase and temporal offset: threshold measurements and a model.

Abstract Four experiments are described in which brief Gabor patterns are detected in the presence of full-field gratings or Gabor patterns that are superimposed in space, but vary in spatial phase and temporal offset (SOA). E1: Threshold versus masker contrast (TvC) functions were determined for relative phases of 0, 90, 180 and 270° at SOA=0. For 0° relative phase, TvC functions decrease (facilitation) and then increase (masking) as contrast increases. For 90°, there is little or no facilitation and thresholds increase with masker contrast. For 180°, the form of the TvC function varies with observer and conditions. E2: Like E1, except that maskers are Gabor patterns. TvC functions are similar in form to those for full-field maskers, but there is less masking. E3: Forward masking. TvC functions were determined for relative phases of 0, 90, and 180° at SOA=−33 ms. The forms of the TvC functions for 0 and 180° are reversed relative to those at SOA=0. E4: TvP (threshold versus phase) functions were determined for SOA’s of −100, −67, −33, 0 and 33 ms at a constant masker contrast of 0.063. Masking occurs at all relative phases. For simultaneous and backward masking, the threshold is minimum for a relative phase of 0 and maximum at 180°. For forward masking, the form of the function is inverted. A model of pattern masking and facilitation (Foley, J. M. (1994a) Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 11, 1710–1719) is extended to account for masker phase and SOA effects. The model assumes four mechanisms tuned to phases 90° apart, and divisively inhibited by stimuli of all phases. Performance depends on the detection strategy of the observer.
The random expenditure function approach to welfare in RUM: The case of hazardous waste clean-up

Abstract This paper presents an application of the random expenditure function approach for welfare analysis in RUM with a non-linear income effect. The measures of expected compensating variation (CV) are first derived as special cases to apply to a two-option conjoint choice-based survey data aimed at deciphering homeowners’ willingness to pay for hazardous waste clean-up. A comparison of the expected CV with the CV based on the representative consumer approximation (CVr) reveals high degree of agreement between the estimates. Using the Diewert and Translog utility specifications the study finds that regardless of the methodology used, welfare estimates are quite sensitive to the functional forms.
Generation of anti-allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends upon a signal, not delivered by tumor cells, that can be provided in trans in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2

We have reported that, while immune responses were generated initially against CMS5 tumor cells, they were lost with time. In the present work, we asked whether the tumor cells contributed to this by delivering an inhibitory signal or whether a positive signal, delivered in the form of tumor-derived interleukin-2 (IL-2) or the presence of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) would be sufficient to enable a sustained response. We observed that the presence of tumor cells did not inhibit the generation of anti-(class I) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), suggesting that the tumor cells were not directly suppressive. In addition, the lack of a response could not be attributed to insufficient levels of IL-2 alone, since even tumor cells that secreted IL-2 failed to stimulate anti-(class I) CTL. Finally, we observed that professional APC were necessary to deliver an essential signal, but only in the presence of IL-2-secreting tumor cells. Thus, CMS5 cells failed to provide essential signals necessary for CTL generation, but were not directly suppressive.
The Left Transformed in Post-Communist Societies: The Cases of East-Central Europe, Russia and Ukraine

The Left Transformed in Post-Communist Societies: The Cases of East-Central Europe, Russia and Ukraine.
Basic science meets clinical medicine: identification of a CD2AP-deficient patient.

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of research into the molecular basis of glomerular disease resulting in nephrotic- range urinary protein leak using both human genetics and animal models. Lowik et al. describe the first case report of an early-onset nephrotic syndrome presenting in conjunction with a homozygous CD2AP mutation. These data demonstrate the convergence between basic and clinical approaches and their potential to transform our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying human glomerular disease.
What happens to early memories of trauma? A study of twenty children under age five at the time of documented traumatic events.

ABSTRACT The verbal and behavioral remembrances of 20 children who suffered psychic trauma before age 5 were compared with documentations of the same events. Ages 28 to 36 months, at the time of trauma, serves as an approximate cut-off point separating those children who can fully verbalize their past experiences from those who can do so in part or not at all. Girls appear better able than boys to verbalize parts of traumas from before ages 28 to 36 months. Short, single traumas are more likely to be remembered in words. At any age. however, behavioral memories of trauma remain quite accurate and true to the events that stimulated them.
Why Do We Teach Calculus

(1992). Why Do We Teach Calculus? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 615-617.
Direct measurement of piezoelectric field in a [111]B grown InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure by Franz–Keldysh oscillations

We report the first photoreflectance measurement of strain‐induced piezoelectric field in a (111)B InGaAs/GaAs structure. The InGaAs quantum well was pseudomorphically grown in the undoped regions of a GaAs undoped–heavily doped structure. Four structures, two each with the same layer structures but different orientation, (111)B and (100), were used in this study. The electric fields in the undoped GaAs region were measured by Franz‐Keldysh oscillations in photoreflectance. All the samples have a surface barrier height of about 0.7 eV. However, the measured electric field is 30% stronger in the (111)B sample compared to the (100) sample. We attribute this difference to the strain‐induced electric field in the (111)B sample. The piezoelectric field in (111)B strained In0.15Ga0.85As obtained in this measurement is 2.2±0.5×105 V/cm, which agrees very well with theory.
Application of fractional factorial designs to study drug combinations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is known to cause diseases of various severities. There is increasing interest to find drug combinations to treat HSV-1 by reducing drug resistance and cytotoxicity. Drug combinations offer potentially higher efficacy and lower individual drug dosage. In this paper, we report a new application of fractional factorial designs to investigate a biological system with HSV-1 and six antiviral drugs, namely, interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, ribavirin, acyclovir, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We show how the sequential use of two-level and three-level fractional factorial designs can screen for important drugs and drug interactions, as well as determine potential optimal drug dosages through the use of contour plots. Our initial experiment using a two-level fractional factorial design suggests that there is model inadequacy and that drug dosages should be reduced. A follow-up experiment using a blocked three-level fractional factorial design indicates that tumor necrosis factor alpha has little effect and that HSV-1 infection can be suppressed effectively by using the right combination of the other five antiviral drugs. These observations have practical implications in the understanding of antiviral drug mechanism that can result in better design of antiviral drug therapy.
Binding of 125I-labeled reovirus to cell surface receptors

Quantitative studies of /sup 125/I-labeled reovirus binding at equilibrium to several cell types was studied, including (1) murine L cell fibroblasts; (2) murine splenic T lymphocytes; (3) YAC cells, a murine lymphoma cell line; and (4) R1.1 cells, a murine thymoma cell line. Competition and saturation studies demonstrated (1) specific, saturable, high-affinity binding of reovirus types 1 and 3 to nonidentical receptors on L cell fibroblasts; (2) high-affinity binding of type 3 reovirus to murine splenic lymphocytes and R1.1 cells; (3) low-affinity binding of reovirus type 1 to lymphocytes and R1.1 cells; and (4) no significant binding of either serotype to YAC cells. Differences in the binding characteristics of the two reovirus serotypes to L cell fibroblasts were found to be a property of the viral hemagglutinin, as demonstrated using a recombinant viral clone. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for viral binding was of extremely high affinity (Kd in the range of 0.5 nM), and was slowly reversible. Experiments demonstrated temperature and pH dependence of reovirus binding and receptor modification studies using pronase, neuraminidase, and various sugars confirmed previous studies that reovirus receptors are predominantly protein in structure. The reovirus receptor site density was in the range of 2-8 Xmore » 10(4) sites/cell. These studies demonstrate that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for ligand-receptor interactions provides a useful model for studying interactions of viral particles with membrane viral receptors. They also suggest that one cell may have distinct receptor sites for two serotypes of the same virus, and that one viral serotype may bind with different kinetics depending on the cell type.« less
Noise exposure induced cochlear hair cell death pathways in guinea pig

Abstract Objective To understand the mechanism of noise exposure induced outer hair cells (OHCs) death pathways. Methods Thirty two guinea pigs were used in this study. The animals were either exposed for 4 h/day to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL(A–weighted) for 2 consecutive days or perfused with MNNG. After auditory test, the cochleae of animals were dissected. Propidium iodide (PI), a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe, was used to trace morphological changes in OHC nuclei. F–actin staining was used to determine missing OHCs. Caspase–3 was detected in living organ of Corti whole mounts using the fluorescent probe. The single strand DNA(ssDNA) in apoptotic OHCs in guinea pigs and apoptosis inducing factor(AIF) in hair cells in guinea pigs were examined by immunohistology method. Whole mounts of organ of Corti were prepared. Morphological and fluorescent changes were examined under a confocal microscope. Results (1) Both apoptotic and necrotic hair cells appeared following noise exposure. (2) Noise exposure induced single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs but not in the normal OHCs. (3) Either after noise exposure or after MNNG perfusion, apoptotic OHCs were featured by nuclear condensation or fragmentation with caspase–3 activation, whereas necrotic OHCs were characterized by nuclear swelling without caspase–3 activation. (4) In normal organ of Corti, AIF was located in the mitochondria areas. After noise exposure, AIF was translocated from mitochondria in apoptotic and necrotic OHCs. Conclusion These findings indicate that noise exposure damages DNA in the OHC, which triggers action of Caspase–3. Subsequently, AIF is translocated to the nucleus, leading to DNA damage and OHCs death.
Multicomponent mass transport in chemical vapor infiltration

The effects of multicomponent mass transport on the predictions of chemical vapor infiltration models are investigated. The dusty-gas model is used as basis for describing multicomponent transport in the pore space of the preforms. Results are presented over a broad range of conditions extending from the bulk to the Knudsen diffusion regime using the full dusty-gas model and a number of variants. These variants are obtained by simplifying the full form of the dusty-gas model and retaining or omitting the viscous flow terms. The presented results demonstrate the importance of using the complete form of the dusty-gas model in most applications and elucidate the implications of some of the simplifying assumptions that are commonly made in describing gaseous mass transport in chemical vapor infiltration.
Going forward in group communication research may mean going back: Studying the groups of children

Children's groups often are overlooked as a context for the study of group communication. This is ironic given that children interact frequently in family, school, and peer groups, as well as in organized group activities. Little is known about how individuals develop group skills and attitudes about group interaction that are carried forward from childhood into adulthood. This essay examines the group interaction opportunities of children, explores cooperative learning—a pedagogy centered around educational learning groups—and outlines potential research on children's group interaction.
Increased nitric oxide inactivation by reactive oxygen species in lead-induced hypertension

Increased nitric oxide inactivation by reactive oxygen species in lead-induced hypertension. Background We have recently found evidence for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats with lead-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that increased ROS activity may contribute to hypertension by enhancing inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) in this model. Methods Rats were treated for 12 weeks with either lead acetate (100 p.p.m.) alone (Pb group) or lead acetate plus vitamin E-fortified food (5000 U/kg rat chow, Pb + E group). The control animals were fed either regular rat chow or a vitamin E-fortified diet. Blood pressure, creatinine clearance, and urinary excretion of stable NO metabolites (NOx) were monitored, and plasma and tissue abundance of nitrotyrosine, which is the footprint of NO oxidation by ROS, were determined. Results The Pb group showed a marked rise in blood pressure, a significant increase in plasma and kidney, heart, liver, and brain nitrotyrosine abundance, and a substantial fall in urinary NOx excretion. Concomitant administration of high-dose vitamin E in the Pb + E group ameliorated hypertension and normalized both urinary NOx excretion and tissue nitrotyrosine without altering tissue lead content. However, vitamin E supplementation had no discernible effect on either blood pressure or nitrotyrosine abundance in the normal controls. Conclusions These findings point to enhanced ROS-mediated inactivation and sequestration of NO, which can potentially contribute to hypertension, tissue damage, and reduced urinary NOx excretion in rats with lead-induced hypertension. The beneficial effects of high-dose vitamin E on blood pressure, tissue nitrotyrosine burden, and urinary NOx excretion support the role of increased ROS activity in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities in this model.
Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Forage and Grain Separately Versus a Total Mixed Ration

Abstract Forty multiparous cows beyond peak production were fed forage ad libitum behind Calan doors and grain at 1 kg/2.5kg milk through a computer controlled feeder, and 40 similar cows were fed a total mixed ration balanced for 32kg milk behind Calan doors ad libitum. Based on mean milk production from d 16 through 21 of a preliminary period, cows were balanced into two groups within each group of 40 cows. Both groups received the originally assigned ration during d 22 through 49. During d 50 through 77, 20 cows were switched abruptly to the other ration and 20 remained on the original. Cows fed forage and grain separately had milk yields similar to those fed total mixed ration. Dry matter intake was lower for cows fed forage and grain separately from d 22 through 49 due to reduced forage intake and was also lower from d 50 through 77 due to decreased grain intake. Four percent fat-corrected milk production efficiency was higher for cows fed forage and grain separately. Abruptly changing cows from one feeding system to another did not influence milk yield, milk composition, or body weight gain. The computer controlled feeder system is an effective method to allot grain according to milk production requirements in freestall housing.
Topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis and phototoxicity.

In spite of not knowing the numbers of patients treated and incomplete reporting, we review the adverse effects of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, namely, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic and phototoxic dermatitis, and attempt to provide a clinical perspective.
Increases in serum lactate dehydrogenase in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

IN an effort to find a rapid, quantitative index of response to the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured spectrophotometrically1 and electrophoretically in the serum of control and experimental rabbits. EAE is induced in animals for the study of autoallergic diseases by inoculation with whole spinal cord suspended in complete Freund's adjuvant. This disease is characterized by clinical signs of weakness or paralysis and is confirmed histologically by scattered perivascular lesions of the central nervous system. The perivascular cuffs are made up of a variety of cellular elements, especially lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes. In seeking an index of disease for further studies, we examined serum LDH because its kinetic and electrophoretic properties have proved useful in several types of clinical diagnoses as a correlate of organ damage2.
Design and construction of a low-background, internal-source proportional counter

High-purity copper has emerged as a preferred construction material for ultra-low-background HPGe spectrometers and offers excellent bulk radiopurity along with good electrical, thermal, and vacuum properties. Recently, these materials and techniques have been applied to the construction of low-background internal-source gas proportional counters. This work describes the design, construction, and testing of an ultra-low-background internal-source gas proportional counter built primarily of high purity electroformed copper. Energy resolution of ~10% FWHM at 59.5 keV has been achieved, a low-energy threshold of ~3 keV has been reached, and gas gain stability over a 4-week period has been demonstrated. Progress toward low-background operation is described.
A Web-Based Common Framework to Support the Test and Evaluation Process Anytime, Anywhere, and Anyhow.

Test and evaluation (T and E) is an enterprise. For any product, large or small, performance data is desired on many aspects to evaluate the product?s effectiveness for the intended users. Representing the many T and E facets without bewildering the user is challenging when there is a range of people, from the system developers to the manager of the organization, that want specific feedback. A web-based One-Stop Evaluation Center was created to meet these needs for a particular project. The evaluation center is usable at any time in the systems development lifecycle and streamlines the T and E enterprise. This paper discusses a common framework that unifies the T and E process with many stakeholders involved and is flexible to accommodate each stakeholders?specific evaluative processes and content. Our success has translated to many cost savings by enabling quick responses to change and a better line of communication between the users, developers, and managers.
Automated retrieval and ranking of similar parts in agile manufacturing

The environment considered is an agile enterprise where manufacturing partners share product related data to come up with new, customized, and high quality products at minimal leadtimes. Given this context, this paper addresses the problem of identifying existing parts that are similar, in one or many characteristics, to a new part at the design stage. The proposed method is based on the principles of group technology (GT), and on the definition of the neighborhood of similarity of critical design attributes. A two-step procedure is proposed: (1) a search procedure, which acquires and processes the designer's search intent to retrieve similar parts; and (2) a sorting procedure, which ranks these parts in order of their similarity to the candidate part. Both procedures are based on GT codes, while the second can employ more detailed critical design information. This information is assumed available in the product databases of distributed partners, and can be generated via an existing GT design processor. The approach employs a systematic procedure to combine independent similarity indexes to a unique measure for sorting. A software system using object-oriented technology has been developed to implement the procedure.
Diel distribution of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina (USA) and its relation to cover

– We used prepositioned area electrofishers (PAEs, 10×1.5 m) to assess diel differences in distribution of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in August 1992–1993 in a paired sampling design. PAEs were placed parallel to shore in an embayment of an unvegetated reservoir (B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina, USA). The catch per unit effort (CPUE=fish/PAE) was significantly higher at night than during the day in both years, indicating that age-0 largemouth bass exhibit nocturnal inshore movements. Age-0 largemouth bass captured inshore during day were smaller than those captured at night, indicating that movement patterns may change ontogenetically. Inshore-offshore movements of age-0 largemouth bass were significantly reduced in the presence of cover, suggesting that diel movements were influenced by specific habitat components. Diel movements likely were related to foraging, resting and predator avoidance behavior and could affect population dynamics and introduce bias in assessment programs.Note
Diametric Quadrilaterals with Two Equal Sides.

(2009). Diametric Quadrilaterals with Two Equal Sides. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 17-21.
Pain management in neonates

Recent research suggests that infants may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of pain than older children and adults. Apart from short-term effects, untreated pain and stressful stimuli may also have long-term effects, which may later affect their neurological development, including the reaction to pain. The preterm neonate is at especially high risk. Despite convincing evidence from recent research of the necessity to treat pain and to avoid early exposure to pain, the neonate is still subjected to painful procedures and even surgery without adequate pain treatment. This inadequacy could be due to insecurity regarding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pain-related drugs, to a limited understanding of the pain behaviour and pain physiology and the lack of appropriate measurement tools. The present paper reviews recent research in relation to management of pain in the newborn and considers implications for practice and future studies.
Mentoring programme for adolescent survivors of acquired brain injury.

Primary objective: To report the findings of a mentor–adolescent relationship between two survivors of acquired brain injury (ABI).Research design: Case study report.Methods and procedures: The adolescent, a survivor of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, was paired with an adult mentor, a survivor of a TBI. Baseline scores on the Youth Quality of Life (YQOL), Wisconsin Quality of Life Index (WQLI) and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index-4 (MPAI-4) were recorded.Experimental interventions: The mentor provided support to the adolescent during the 10-week relationship conducted as a community-based programme for adults with acquired brain injury. In addition, both participants attended group activities that address the long-term needs of survivors of ABI. Post-programme scores were recorded on the YQOL, WQLI, MPAI-4 and a retrospective questionnaire.Main outcomes and results: The adolescent demonstrated improved quality of life on the YQOL and improved ability, adjustment and participation on the MPAI-4. The ment...
Display of 3-D Digital Images: Computational Foundations and Medical Applications

These new approaches to 3-D medical imaging promise better and more cost-effective object identification, representation, and manipulation in space and time.
Agreement among anthropometric indicators identifying the fattest adolescents

Agreement was sought among six indicators used to classify youth as obese in 625 white youth, aged 12.0-18.0 y, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Indicators included body mass index (BMI), triceps and subscapular skinfolds, the sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference and percentage body fat determined by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). The fattest youth in each age and gender group were considered those > 80th centile for the indicator. Agreement was determined by kappa coefficients, which provide the chance-adjusted proportion of agreement in the upper quintiles to identify the same youth as the fattest. Kappas among indicators range from 0.57-0.85 for males and from 0.56-0.79 for females. Categorical agreement with the fattest youth by percentage body fat, changes considerably with age for most indicators, suggesting that relationships among indicators change during adolescence. Different indicators may identify different subpopulations as the fattest, arguing for caution in use and interpretation of results from different indicators, and in favour of standardized definitions for obesity in youth.
Relating Batch and Column Diffusion Coefficients for Leachable Contaminants in Particulate Waste Materials

For constructed facilities in which waste materials are used as partial substitutes for traditional aggregates, it is usually necessary to perform contaminant leachability tests to assess the long-term emission of contaminants from the facilities during service. Such tests can be performed under batch and column flow-through conditions. It is usually desirable to establish the relationship between leached contaminant concentrations obtained through both tests. Using Al and Cu diffusion coefficients as the target parameter, an analytical model is developed and presented herein with experimental data from acidic solution (pH of 4.5) leach testing of asphalt concrete that was amended with municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in weight percentages ranging from 0 to 20 to assess the equivalence of both sets of leaching conditions. The results for Al show that at higher column flowrates indexed by Peclet numbers in excess of 5.5, there is no defined relationship between Al diffusion coefficients obtained through both methods. Fluid flow at lower Peclet numbers approach batch conditions and afford an opportunity for the use of the analytical model presented in this paper provided comparisons are made at equivalent liquid/solid ratios. The values of the batch diffusion coefficients obtained for Al are of the order of 10\U-10\N–10\U-6\N cm²/s. For column leaching of Al, the range is 10\U-8\N–10\U-7\N cm²/s. No measurable quantity of Cu was obtained under both batch and column leaching conditions.
The group of schizoaffective and related psychoses: A follow-up study

Abstract A follow-up of 114 patients diagnosed as having schizoaffective and related psychoses demonstrated the following: 71% of the patients had a chronic course of illness, 10% an episodic course and 19% were asymptomatic on medication with phenothiazines; 81% of the patients with a chronic course manifested deterioration; none of the patients with an episodic course manifested deterioration, 39% of the patients who were asymptomatic on medication manifested deterioration; the presence or absence of affective symptoms had no predictive value on course of illness or extent of deterioration; our results indicated, therefore, judging by the chronic course and marked deterioration, that the group of schizoaffective and related psychoses appears to resemble schizophrenia rather than affective disorder.
Melt removal and planar growth of In1−xGaxP1−zAsz heterojunctions

Evidence is provided showing that incomplete melt removal, or wipe‐off, at the conclusion of liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) In1−xGaxP1−zAsz growth results in strained pitted dark layers because of the loss in composition match between the melt and substrate. Similarly, a small amount of drag‐over of one quaternary melt under a different composition melt is sufficient to cause attack of the underlying substrate (or LPE layer) and to cause local changes in the second melt destroying the composition match with the substrate. Single‐layer and multilayer In1−xGaxP1−zAsz structures are shown in which incomplete melt removal causes the growth of pitted ragged nonuniform layers side by side with uniform planar layers.
Detection of multiple gland primary hyperparathyroidism in the era of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Background A focused surgical approach for primary hyperparathyroidism relies on the ability of preoperative imaging and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) to detect multiple gland disease (MGD). The study objective was to determine the best predictor for MGD. Methods First time parathyroidectomy was performed on 233 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent preoperative sestamibi imaging, ultrasound, and IOPTH between December 1999 and January 2004. Results Single gland disease (SGD) was found in 204 (88%) and MGD in 23 (10%) patients. Hyperparathyroidism persisted in 6 of 233 patients (2.6%). For patients with MGD, sestamibi imaging correctly predicted MGD in 2 of 23 (9%) patients, incorrectly showed SGD in 9 of 23 (39%), and was negative in 12 of 23 (52%). Ultrasound correctly predicted MGD in 6 of 23 (26%) patients, incorrectly predicted SGD in 6 of 23 (39%), and was negative in 8 of 23 (35%). Together sestamibi imaging and ultrasound predicted MGD in 7 of 23 (30%) patients, incorrectly predicted SGD in 7 of 23 (30%), was negative in 7 of 23 (30%), and was discordant in 10 of 23 (5%). IOPTH indicated MGD in 15 of 18 (83%) patients but falsely predicted cure after single gland excision in 3 of 18 (17%). The combination of sestamibi imaging, ultrasound, and IOPTH detected MGD in 16 of 18 (89%) patients. Conclusion Ultrasound was more sensitive for detecting MGD than sestamibi imaging. Ultrasound and sestamibi imaging together provided information warranting a bilateral approach in 70% of patients with MGD. IOPTH was the most sensitive for MGD, but combining all 3 tests was the best predictor, identifying the majority of patients with MGD.
Strategies for Avoiding Hospitalization of Patients with AECOPD

COPD is increasing in prevalence worldwide and results in substantial social and economic burdens. Exacerbations of COPD lead to accelerated decline of lung function, increased morbidity and mortality, and account for a substantial portion of the costs associated with this disease. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions can reduce exacerbation and hospitalization due to COPD. Safe alternatives to hospitalization for AECOPD are being developed but are not yet widely available.
Wavenumber correction for the recording group effects in the seismic data

Numerically defined filters deconvolve the recording group response from the data as a function of wavenumber, to correct for the effect of the recording group. The correction for the recording group effect is feasible for uniform and variable group response with variable length. The results imply the necessity of wavenumber (not offset) dependent correction for amplitude preserved processing.
DETECTION OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES BY RT-PCR

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus RNA in experimentally infected mosquitoes was developed. The specificity of the assay was evaluated with three other phleboviruses; sandfly fever Sicilian (Sabin), sandfly fever Naples (Sabin) and Punta Toro (MSP 3) viruses. The relative sensitivity of the assay, determined by using RVF virus RNA extracted from serial dilutions of virus culture, was approximately 50 plaque forming units. This sensitivity level was 100-fold higher when a nested PCR procedure was used. When the RT-PCR assay was used with coded samples of intrathoracically-infected and uninfected mosquito, the assay detected the virus in all infected mosquitoes. With this assay, it was possible to detect RVF virus RNA in a single infected mosquito in the background of 10, 25 or 50 uninfected mosquitoes.
Dipole in a Magnetic Field, Work, and Quantum Spin

The behavior of an atom in a nonuniform magnetic field is analyzed, as well as the motion of a classical magnetic dipole (a spinning charged ball) and a rotating charged ring. For the atom it is shown that, while the magnetic field does no work on the electron-orbital contribution to the magnetic moment (the source of translational kinetic energy being the internal energy of the atom), whether or not it does work on the electron-spin contribution to the magnetic moment depends on whether the electron has an intrinsic rotational kinetic energy associated with its spin. A rotational kinetic energy for the electron is shown to be consistent with the Dirac equation. If the electron does have a rotational kinetic energy, the acceleration of a silver atom in a Stern-Gerlach experiment or the emission of a photon from an electron spin flip can be explained without requiring the magnetic field to do work. For a constant magnetic field gradient along the $z$ axis, it is found that the classical objects oscillate in simple harmonic motion along the $z$ axis, the total kinetic energy\char22{}translational plus rotational\char22{}being a constant of the motion. For the charged ball, the change in rotational kinetic energy is associated only with a change in the precession frequency, the rotation rate about the figure axis remaining constant.
Complementary correlation OTDR with three codewords

A complementary correlation OTDR technique based on probing with only three codewords and processing with only three correlations is presented, for any power of two code length.