cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Water Injection on the Power Boost of a Twin Turbocharged Vehicle

The injection of a water/methanol mixture into the intake airflow of turbocharged street racing vehicles has long been known to increase the power and performance, though actual data proves difficult to obtain. In an attempt to maximize the power output of a twin-turbocharged Porsche engine, a water/methanol mixture is introduced into the intake airflow. The injection decreased the temperature and increased the density of the intake air while increasing the compression ratio of the cylinder beyond the effects of the turbocharger itself. The real-time data was used to do the analysis. In an attempt to maximize the power enhancement, the injection parameters are modified. The vehicle sensors were used to obtain temperatures of the intake air, exhaust air, and the engine coolant. The fuel flow rate, air flow rate, mixture flow rate, and manifold pressure in conjunction with temperature measurements was used to determine the mass flow rate of the system. The properties of the mixture components were used to determine the work created by the system, which in turn leads to the power output of the system. Determining the power enhancement created by the water/methanol injection, and potentially maximizing its effect is the focus of this work.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
EXAFS as a probe of actinide oxide formation in the tender X-ray regime

Abstract Recent developments in Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Experiments have vastly improved the resolution in X-ray Spectroscopies such as X-ray Absorption. However, the use of Tender X-rays (∼3 keV) and the reactivity of actinides such as uranium have given rise to new questions about bulk and surface sensitivity, what constitutes a surface and how to characterize the formation of an oxide. It will be shown that the in situ electron scattering features that are part of the RIXS spectrum can be used to quantify the uranium oxide formation and determine cleanliness, independently of the near edge features that provide information about the unoccupied electronic density of states.
Rubrics to assess critical thinking and information processing in undergraduate STEM courses

Process skills such as critical thinking and information processing are commonly stated outcomes for STEM undergraduate degree programs, but instructors often do not explicitly assess these skills in their courses. Students are more likely to develop these crucial skills if there is constructive alignment between an instructor’s intended learning outcomes, the tasks that the instructor and students perform, and the assessment tools that the instructor uses. Rubrics for each process skill can enhance this alignment by creating a shared understanding of process skills between instructors and students. Rubrics can also enable instructors to reflect on their teaching practices with regard to developing their students’ process skills and facilitating feedback to students to identify areas for improvement. Here, we provide rubrics that can be used to assess critical thinking and information processing in STEM undergraduate classrooms and to provide students with formative feedback. As part of the Enhancing Learning by Improving Process Skills in STEM (ELIPSS) Project, rubrics were developed to assess these two skills in STEM undergraduate students’ written work. The rubrics were implemented in multiple STEM disciplines, class sizes, course levels, and institution types to ensure they were practical for everyday classroom use. Instructors reported via surveys that the rubrics supported assessment of students’ written work in multiple STEM learning environments. Graduate teaching assistants also indicated that they could effectively use the rubrics to assess student work and that the rubrics clarified the instructor’s expectations for how they should assess students. Students reported that they understood the content of the rubrics and could use the feedback provided by the rubric to change their future performance. The ELIPSS rubrics allowed instructors to explicitly assess the critical thinking and information processing skills that they wanted their students to develop in their courses. The instructors were able to clarify their expectations for both their teaching assistants and students and provide consistent feedback to students about their performance. Supporting the adoption of active-learning pedagogies should also include changes to assessment strategies to measure the skills that are developed as students engage in more meaningful learning experiences. Tools such as the ELIPSS rubrics provide a resource for instructors to better align assessments with intended learning outcomes.
Predicting the Food-Energy Nexus of Wild Food Systems: Informing Energy Transitions for Isolated Indigenous Communities

Abstract Many isolated and indigenous Arctic and Subarctic communities are mixed-subsistence-cash economies. In the 20th century, the integration of motorized transport expanded access to harvestable resources but created energy dependence intricately linking food with energy security. As remote communities became more vulnerable to fossil fuel price fluctuations, they also face new challenges related to climate change such as shorter winter seasons. The transitioning from fossil fuels to local renewable energy sources is widely considered both an adaptation and mitigation strategy. We empirically analyzed the food-energy nexus for nine Arctic and Subarctic communities using a Bayesian hierarchical model. We predict household-level gasoline consumption based on wild food harvest and vehicle type. We found that cars and trucks are the least energy efficient forms of transportation whereas snowmobiles are the most efficient. Also, communities with strong traditional wild food production and specialization are more likely to be energy efficient. The results suggest that indigenous culture is an important contributor to effective climate mitigation, energy, and food security. Our analysis supports community adaptation and planning for improved quantitative understanding of the food-energy nexus in rural Arctic communities. The study assists communities with energy transitions away from fossil fuels towards local renewable energy sources.
How to Be Fair, and Power Research? Select Patients by Flipping a Coin

A major focus of concern for Webb, Shah and Lynch (2020) is the need to balance two goals for the allocation of scarce drugs made available under an FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).1 One goal...
Student Perspectives on the Role of Peer Support Following Concussion: Development of the SUCCESS Peer Mentoring Program

Purpose College students with concussion are often ill-equipped to manage their health and learning needs, and college campuses are slow to react. We present the development of a peer mentoring program for college students with concussion: Success in College after Concussion with Effective Student Supports (SUCCESS), focusing on the process by which student needs and preferences drove development of the program for testing. Method Principles of person-centered design were used to guide program development, engaging stakeholders at each stage of development and resulting in the intervention package presented to student participants here. A series of interviews and focus groups with 11 students with concussion addressed student needs after concussion, student perceptions of the role of peers in recovery, and feedback on program development. Results Findings indicate students have limited knowledge about concussion, and concussion impacts extend beyond school, although students are most concerned about their studies. Students reported struggling to communicate with professors and find resources on campus to aid in their reentry to learning. Regarding peer mentoring, students report benefiting from hearing about other's successes and sharing personal narratives of injury and recovery. Students reported high acceptability of a peer mentoring program, both for psychosocial support and access to resources. Conclusions College students with concussion have unmet needs as they return to learn. The SUCCESS peer mentoring program is highly acceptable to students, who report that they would expect such a program to be engaging and to meet their needs. The program's impact on student academic and psychosocial outcomes should be investigated through comparative efficacy trials.
Inhibition of tumor growth by DNA vaccines encoding TRAIL receptor DR5

2872 Engagement of TRAIL with cognate death receptors (DR) induces apoptotic tumor cell death in preclinical models but TRAIL resistant cancers are often encountered. Results from Phase I clinical trials with mAb to human DR4/5 showed limited toxicity and stable disease in some cases. We hypothesize that induction of anti-DR Ab by active vaccination will provide protective anti-tumor immunity. To test this hypothesis, BALB/c mice were depleted of regulatory T cells and immunized 3-4 times by intramuscular electro-vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of mouse DR5 (mDR5) fused at the C-terminus with domain 1 of tetanus toxin fragment C (pmDR5ectm-Td.1). The level of vaccine-induced anti-mDR5 Ab was measured by flow cytometry via specific binding to D2F2 mouse mammary tumor cells transiently transfected with pmDR5ectm/GFP containing mDR5ectm sequence regulated by pCMV promoter followed by eGFP under an IRES sequence; therefore, transfected cells expressing the recombinant mDR5 also expressed eGFP. Binding of immune sera to D2F2-mDR5/GFP cells with green fluorescence indicated the presence of anti-mDR5 Ab. Anti-mDR5 mAb MD5-1 was the positive control binding 100% of the cells which expressed the transgene. At 1:20 dilution, DR5 immune sera bound 2, 7, 31, and 37% of DR5/eGFP positive cells following one, two, three and four DNA vaccinations, respectively. Electro-vaccination with heterologous human or rat DR5 DNA did not induce anti-mDR5 Ab. To test anti-tumor activity, BALB/c mice electro-vaccinated with pmDR5ectm-Td1 and pGM-CSF four to five times following Treg depletion were challenged s.c. with mammary tumors D2F2 or TUBO. Both tumor lines expressed endogenous mDR5 at modest levels. Approximately 30% of immunized mice were protected from the challenge suggesting that anti-mDR5 Ab induced by DNA vaccination may inhibit tumor growth. Because TRAIL is also implicated in mediating immune surveillance and thymocyte apoptosis and DR5 expression is upregulated upon T cell activation, tumor rejection by pmDR5 vaccination may occur via indirect T cell modulation as well as direct killing of tumor cells. Further investigation of the mechanism will provide necessary insight to enhance DR5 Ab response and combine DR5 vaccination with conventional therapies. (CA76340 and DOD W81XWH-07-1-0521)
Bond strength of lithium disilicate to polyetheretherketone

Abstract Statement of problem Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance polymer that is increasingly used in dentistry, for example, as a framework for implant-supported fixed complete dentures. One protocol calls for individual lithium disilicate crowns to be cemented on preparation-shaped retentive elements on the framework. However, the flexibility and strength of the bonded system is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the flexibility and strength of bonded lithium disilicate to PEEK with the bond between lithium disilicate and zirconia. Material and methods Fifteen PEEK (JUVORA Dental Disc), 15 zirconia (ArgenZ HT+), and 30 lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) beam-shaped specimens (12.5×2×2 mm) were prepared. The ends of the PEEK beams were conditioned with 50-μm aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion, followed by primer (visio.link) and light-activated polymerization. Zirconia specimens were prepared with airborne-particle abrasion and primer (Monobond Plus). Lithium disilicate specimens were etched with 4.5% hydrofluoric acid (IPS Ceramic Etching Gel) and primed (Monobond Plus). The lithium disilicate specimens were cemented (Multilink Automix) to the PEEK and zirconia specimens. Light- and chemical-activated polymerization were used. Monolithic specimens of PEEK and zirconia (25×2×2 mm) were also prepared. All specimens were stored overnight in distilled water and submitted to a 4-point bend test in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed until fracture, and the flexural modulus and strength were calculated. Differences among groups were statistically tested by using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test (α=.05). Results All bonded specimens fractured at their adhesive interface. Zirconia bonded to lithium disilicate specimens (29.7 ±8.8 MPa) were approximately 3 times stronger than PEEK bonded to lithium disilicate specimens (10.4 ±2.7 MPa) and approximately 12 times more rigid (78.5 ±6.7 GPa and 6.5 ±1.8 GPa, respectively). The flexure of monolithic PEEK was such that it did not fracture when loaded at 0.5 mm/min, while zirconia fractured at 413.9 ±38.5 MPa. Monolithic PEEK was approximately 37 times more flexible than monolithic zirconia (4.3 ±0.3 GPa and 157.2 ±7.2 GPa, respectively). All values were statistically significantly different except between the flexural moduli of monolithic PEEK and PEEK bonded to lithium disilicate. Conclusions The bond strength between PEEK and lithium disilicate was significantly weaker than between zirconia and lithium disilicate. Monolithic zirconia was significantly stiffer than monolithic PEEK.
‘Doomscrolling’ in my backyard: Corrosive online communities and contested wind development in rural Ohio

Abstract Wind energy development in the rural U.S. remains locally contentious across geographies and social groups. These development decisions are often debated on social media sites, where individuals seek out information and share ideas related to risks and benefits of development. This research examines content from two anti-wind Facebook Community Pages (FCPs) focused on northwestern Ohio. We apply the corrosive community framework to categorize discourse around the framework's three major themes of health risk, recreancy, and litigation, and observe differences in numbers and types of social media activity before and after development and among local and non-local actors. We describe the role social media plays in mediating public discourse in local siting decisions and acts to situate online networks within physical places. We find the corrosive community framework a useful lens to analyze online-community conflicts around wind energy and categorize discourse around wind energy opposition. As public discourse moves increasingly to social media networks, understanding FCPs as a form of community can provide a framework for organizing and analyzing social conflicts and their local-nonlocal connections.
Exploring the Henro Michi: Student-Centered Field Research in Japan as a Component of the Virtual Shikoku Pilgrimage Project

During the 2018–2019 academic year, the authors had the opportunity to begin work on a unique multi-year virtual heritage Virtual Shikoku Pilgrimage (VSP) project. The main goal of this project is ...
The Real-time Digital Simulation System for Distribution Network

With the access of large-scale distributed power and electric vehicles, the operation state of modern distribution network is more complex and changeable. In this paper, kinds of operation scenarios that may occur in the field operation of the system are fully considered. Combined with the wide area measurement and control system function of the distribution network, the test scheme is designed based on the actual distribution network and a typical test case is established. The typical network parameters of the actual distribution network are calculated and a typical 28-nodes distribution network simulation example is established. The artificial short circuit test based on unmanned aerial vehicle is carried out to verify the correctness of the simulation example. The test results verify the correctness of the proposed example. Based on the real-time digital simulation system and dynamic simulation experiment system, the test platform of wide area measurement and control system in distribution network is built. Through the multi scene real-time digital simulation test, the state estimation, fault diagnosis and positioning, coordinated control and other advanced application control effects can be checked. Through the hardware in the loop test and dynamic simulation experiment based on real-time digital simulation, the distribution network Phasor Measurement Unit (DPMU) and master station of distribution network wide area measurement control system can be tested.
A Model of Brand and Country Effects on Quality Dimensions

Abstract While a great deal of research has established that the country-of-origin cue affects consumers' perceptions of a product's overall quality, this research has yielded relatively few guidelines for managers on issues such as the substitutability of brand and country cues. The present paper reviews the literature on dimensions of quality in order to gain an understanding of how brand and country image might affect these dimensions. It develops a model of these effects in terms of search, experience and credence qualities. It specifies research propositions, draws managerial implications in terms of likely consequences of production shifts, and provides direction for future research.
Multiple Forms of Anthranilate Synthetase-Anthranilate 5-Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl-transferase from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Extracts of Salmonella typhimurium prepared by different techniques contain both soluble and particulate forms of the anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (PR transferase) aggregate. The particulate form of the enzyme may be attached to fragments of the cell envelope. PR transferase activity of the particulate enzyme aggregate is partly "masked." Other properties of the two forms are similar. The particulate enzyme was solubilized by repeated washing or by treatment with trypsin or crude lipase. Lipase- and trypsin-treated enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and appeared to be similar. Both lacked PR transferase activity. The molecular weights of the lipase- and trypsintreated enzymes were approximately 141,000 compared with approximately 261,000 for the untreated enzyme aggregate. This decrease is accounted for by digestion of PR transferase chains of molecular weight approximately 62,000 to molecular weight of about 15,000 to 19,000. The digested PR transferase polypeptide chain of molecular weight approximately 15,000 to 19,000 contains a functional glutamine site and interacts with anthranilate synthetase Component I to give a functional glutamine-dependent anthranilate synthetase activity that is indistinguishable from that of the native enzyme.
Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to virus-infected non-haematopoietic cells requires presentation of exogenous antigen

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to detect viral infections by monitoring the surface of all cells for the presence of viral peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In most cells, peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are derived exclusively from proteins synthesized by the antigen-bearing cells. Macrophages and dendritic cells also have an alternative MHC class I pathway that can present peptides derived from extracellular antigens; however, the physiological role of this process is unclear. Here we show that virally infected non-haematopoietic cells are unable to stimulate primary CTL-mediated immunity directly. Instead, bone-marrow-derived cells are required as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate anti-viral CTL responses. In these APCs, the alternative (exogenous) MHC class I pathway is the obligatory mechanism for the initiation of CTL responses to viruses that infect only non-haematopoietic cells.
X-ray microcalorimeters with germanium-resistance thermometers

We report on the current status of our work on x-ray microcalorimeters for use as high resolution x-ray spectrometers. To maximize the x-ray collecting area and the signal to noise ratio, the total heat capacity of the device must be minimized. This is best achieved if the calorimeter is divided into two components, a thermal sensor and an x-ray absorber. The thermal sensor is a neutron transmutation doped (NTD) germanium resistor made as small as possible to minimize the heat capacity of the calorimeter. The thermistor can be attached to a thin x-ray absorber with large area and low heat capacity fabricated from superconducting materials such as niobium. We discuss results from our most recent studies of such superconducting absorbers and present the x-ray spectra obtained with these composite microcalorimeters at a temperature of 0. 1 K. An energy resolution of 19 eV FWHM has been measured.
Factor indeterminacy in generalizability theory

Generalizability theory and common factor analysis are based upon the random effects model of the analy sis of variance, and both are subject to the factor inde terminacy problem: The unobserved random variables (common factor scores or universe scores) are indeter minate. In the one-facet (repeated measures) design, the extent to which true or universe scores and com mon factor scores are not uniquely defined is shown to be a function of the dependability (reliability) of the data. The minimum possible correlation between equivalent common factor scores is a lower bound es timate of reliability.
Perinatal Physiology and Principles of Neonatal Resuscitation

Successful transition at birth is dependent on establishment of the lungs as the organ of gas exchange. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview of the events during transition at birth, pathophysiology of asphyxia, and response to resuscitation. The basic steps of neonatal resuscitation are establishment of airway, ventilation, and circulatory support. The controversy about the use of room air vs oxygen at birth for resuscitation is discussed. Special conditions that may be encountered during neonatal resuscitation include choanal atresia, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration, and anemia. Finally, guidelines for discontinuing, withdrawing, and withholding resuscitative efforts are reviewed.
Comparison of visual acuity levels in pediatric patients with amblyopia using Wright figures, Allen optotypes, and Snellen letters.

Purpose: To compare and correlate the clinical performance of Wright figures© in visual acuity assessments of pediatric patients with amblyopia to those obtained through Allen cards and Snellen letters. Subjects and methods: Best-corrected visual acuity of 26 amblyopic children were measured with the Wright figures©, Snellen letters, and isolated Allen optotypes, respectively. Amblyopia was defined as two lines of visual acuity difference or a visual acuity level of 20/30 or lower as determined by Snellen chart. The results were evaluated for statistical intergroup differences using the Wilks' Lambda multivariate analysis of variance and for correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 8.27 ± 2.46 years (range: 5 to 15 years). The mean logMAR values for the Wright figures©, Snellen letters, and Allen optotypes were 0.40 ± 0.20, 0.47 ± 0.23, and 0.29 ± 0.28, respectively. When compared with Snellen letters, the Wright figures© correlated to a higher degree ( r = 0.46, P r = 0.67, P P = 0.016). Conclusions: Wright figures©, designed primarily to evaluate the vision in the preliterate pediatric population, correlate more closely to Snellen letters and have a higher rate of correctly identifying amblyopia than isolated Allen optotypes in pediatric patients.
The dynamics of the atmospheres of the major planets

The literature on the dynamics of Jupiter's atmosphere is reviewed and used as a basis for suggesting what observations would yield useful information about Jovian Dynamics. The atmospheres of Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are discussed from the same point of view.
The influence of combined trophic factors on the success of fetal pancreas grafts.

BACKGROUND: Fetal pancreas (FP) has the capacity for abundant proliferation and beta cell differentiation. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes FP engraftment in the i.m. site and reversal of diabetes in a rodent model. However, reversal of diabetes by an FP transplant in rats under the influence of IGF-1 is still an inefficient process requiring multiple FP grafts and a prolonged latent period. Numerous other growth and differentiation factors, which include platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor-alpha and pancreatic islet neogenesis-associated protein, have been implicated in beta cell neogenesis and proliferation. We have analyzed the in vivo role of these growth factors in FP engraftment and reversal of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. METHODS: IGF-1 alone or in combination with other trophic factors was locally administered to eight FP isografts in the thigh muscle of diabetic rats. RESULTS: Diabetes was reversed in a mean of 60+/-26 days in 11 of 11 animals treated with IGF-1. PDGF alone did not promote reversal of diabetes; however, PDGF + IGF-1 resulted in euglycemia in 6 of 6, with a mean of 36+/-14 days (P<0.05). Islet neogenesis-associated protein +IGF-1 resulted in reversal of diabetes in 6 of 6 rats with a mean interval of 50+/-10 days. Vascular endothelial growth factor or endothelial cell growth factor-alpha + IGF-1 provided no advantage compared with IGF-1 alone. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that IGF-1 is a potent trophic factor for transplanted FP and that PDGF acts synergistically with IGF-1 to promote reversal of diabetes by transplanting FP.
The structure of cauliflower mosaic virus genome.

Abstract Native cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) DNA sedimented as two major components, a nicked circular form (19.0 S) and a linear form (17.1 S). Upon electrophoresis in 2.5% polyacrylamide gels the nicked circular form migrated more slowly than the linear form. The nicked circular form was infectious; the linear form had little infectivity. Upon denaturation using heat and formaldehyde or alkali treatment for a short time, CaMV DNA sedimented as two components (16.1 S and 13.5 S) in sucrose density gradients. These were considered to be the single-stranded circular and linear forms respectively. After prolonged alkali treatment some of the CaMV DNA broke down into fragments with an average size of one-quarter to one-fifth of the normal single-stranded length. The nature of the alkali-labile regions was investigated and ribonucleosides, comprising less than 1% of the total nucleic acid, were identified. The significance of these findings is discussed.
ZnO-CdSe nanoparticle clusters as directional photoemitters with tunable wavelength.

Reaction of 3-aminopropylsilyl-modified ZnO microrods with trioctylphosphineoxide-coated CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals in THF produces rod-shaped nanoparticle clusters that show directional photoemission that can be tuned with the size of the CdSe nanocrystals. The observed waveguiding effect of these microstructures is due to total internal reflection of light at the cluster−air interface.
The role of progestins in the behavioral effects of cocaine and other drugs of abuse: Human and animal research

This review summarizes findings from human and animal research investigating the influence of progesterone and its metabolites allopreganolone and pregnanolone (progestins) on the effects of cocaine and other drugs of abuse. Since a majority of these studies have used cocaine, this will be the primary focus; however, the influence of progestins on other drugs of abuse will also be discussed. Collectively, findings from these studies support a role for progestins in (1) attenuating the subjective and physiological effects of cocaine in humans, (2) blocking the reinforcing and other behavioral effects of cocaine in animal models of drug abuse, and (3) influencing behavioral responses to other drugs of abuse such as alcohol and nicotine in animals. Administration of several drugs of abuse in both human and nonhuman animals significantly increased progestin levels, and this is explained in terms of progestins acting as homeostatic regulators that decrease and normalize heightened stress and reward responses which lead to increased drug craving and relapse. The findings discussed here highlight the complexity of progestin-drug interactions, and they suggest a possible use for these agents in understanding the etiology of and developing treatments for drug abuse.
Income distribution in Mexico's Northern border states

A high degree of income inequality has been a persistent and troubling feature of the Mexican economy, but the degree of inequality is far from uniform in different regions of Mexico. Given the growth of the maquiladora industry and proximity to the United States, it is reasonable to anticipate that Mexico's northern border states exhibit a different pattern of inequality than other regions in Mexico. Using data from the 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998 and 2000 surveys of income and expenditures (Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares) conducted by INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica), this paper addresses two fundamental questions. First, is the pattern of income distribution in Mexico's northern border states different from that found in other regions of Mexico? Second, has the pattern of income distribution in the border states been changing or has it been relatively stable during the 1992-2000 time period?
Constraints on supersymmetry from SN 1987A.

Emission of light photinos from supernovas is considered. If the mass of the selectron is of the order of the weak boson mass, the rate of production of light photinos in a collapsed star is comparable to that of the neutrinos. Light photinos can therefore compete with neutrinos in the cooling of the hot nascent neutron star. Cross sections for photino-electron and photino-nucleon scatterings, including degeneracy effects, are calculated to determine the opacity of the photinos in the protoneutron core. An upper limit on the energy radiated in the form of light particles other than the known neutrino species, based on the SN 1987A data, is used to derive bounds on photino-matter couplings. The constraint results in upper bounds on squark and selectron masses. It is found that selectron and squark masses of electroweak scale are not ruled out by the data, even though only a limited region of the parameter space remains. Signatures for detecting the photino component in future supernovas are suggested.
Content-centric flow mining for influence analysis in social streams

The problem of discovering information flow trends and influencers in social networks has become increasingly relevant both because of the increasing amount of content available from online networks in the form of social streams, and because of its relevance as a tool for content trends analysis. An important part of this analysis is to determine the key patterns of flow and corresponding influencers in the underlying network. Almost all the work on influence analysis has focused on fixed models of the network structure, and edge-based transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose a fully content-centered model of flow analysis in social network streams, in which the analysis is based on actual content transmissions in the network, rather than a static model of transmission on the edges. First, we introduce the problem of information flow mining in social streams, and then propose a novel algorithm InFlowMine to discover the information flow patterns in the network. We then leverage this approach to determine the key influencers in the network. Our approach is flexible, since it can also determine topic-specific influencers. We experimentally show the effectiveness and efficiency of our model.
Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin measured by affinity vs ion exchange chromatography with mean blood sugar in pediatric IDDM patients.

Abstract Affinity chromatography provides a more specific estimate of glycosylated hemoglobin (GlyHb) than does ion exchange chromatography (HbA 1 ). However, whether GlyHb correlates closer than HbA 1 with mean blood glucose has not been established. GlyHb and HbA 1 were measured in pediatric IDDM patients attending a clinic ( n = 285 visits) over a one year period and correlated with the mean of a patient's blood glucose measurements from records of home blood glucose monitoring. Mean GlyHb was higher than mean HbA 1 (10.8% vs 9.6%) as was its standard deviation (2.2% vs 1.5%). While both GlyHb ( r = 0.75) and HbA 1 ( r = 0.65) were strongly correlated with estimates of mean blood glucose, the correlation with GlyHb was significantly stronger than with HbA 1 for the entire spectrum of metabolic control ( P = 0.03), as well as for a segregated group of ‘poorly controlled' patients with mean blood glucose > 150 mg/dl ( P = 0.04). The results suggest that GlyHb is more accurate than HbA 1 for estimating metabolic control and that GlyHb shows greater discriminating power than HbA 1 , especially at high concentrations of blood sugar. The mean blood glucose can be estimated from the equation: mean blood glucose (mg/dl) = (11.3 × GlyHb) + 32.
A football coach's advice to surgeons.

g w w s “ B 1 My dad taught me hundreds of pearls over the course of a lifetime. He is a talented man, a loving husband, father, and grandfather, and an inquisitive human being. Being a football coach may not seem a grand profession from which to espouse advice and knowledge to a young surgeon, but it was, for me and my father. His triple option version of ‘3 yards and a cloud f dust’ mentality brought his NCAA Division III football teams reat success and a legendary reputation. They rarely turned the all over, their defense bent but rarely broke, and the Falcons eldom beat themselves. . .and neither did their opponents. As I mature into a General Surgeon that now has a couple ecades of operating, teaching, and training behind me, I write o pass along a couple of my father’s favorite quotes and sayings hat should resonate with surgeons of my era and, better yet, aid hose who follow in our footsteps:
The Relative Role of Perceived Partner Risks in Promoting Condom Use in a Three-City Sample of High-Risk, Low-Income Women

We examined the effect of women’s perceptions of sexual partner risks on condom use. Women from three US cities (n = 1,967) were recruited to provide data on HIV risks. In univariate models, increased odds of condom use were associated with perceiving that partners had concurrent partners and being unaware of partners': (a) HIV status, (b) bisexuality, (c) concurrency; and/or (d) injection drug use. In multivariate models, neither being unaware of the four partner risk factors nor perceiving a partner as being high risk was associated with condom use. Contextual factors associated with decreased odds of condom use were having sex with a main partner, homelessness in the past year, alcohol use during sex, and crack use in the past 30 days. Awareness of a partner’s risks may not be sufficient for increasing condom use. Contextual factors, sex with a main partner in particular, decrease condom use despite awareness of partner risk factors.
Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Romidepsin in relapsed small cell lung cancer (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30304).

Introduction: Treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is initially gratifying with most patients responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment of relapsed disease gives much lower response rates of short duration. We undertook this study of the protein deacetylase inhibitor Romidepsin in chemosensitive recurrent SCLC based on preclinical data that suggested this to be an active target. Methods: Patients had recurrent chemosensitive SCLC (relapse ≥90 days since completion of platinum-based chemotherapy). Treatment was administered as weekly infusions of Romidepsin at 13 mg/m 2 for 3 of 4 weeks. We designed a two-stage phase II study targeting a response rate of 30% ( Results: Sixteen patients (10 male, 6 female) were accrued to the first stage of this study. Most (11 patients, 69%) presented with extensive-stage SCLC, and all had received prior chemotherapy, with 11 having received prior radiation. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was excellent with 0 in 6 patients (38%) and 1 in 10 patients. No objective responses were seen, and stable disease was the best response seen in 3 patients (19%). Toxicity was modest with 3 patients suffering grade 3 toxicity (lymphopenia, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, and hyponatremia) and one patient with grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months, and median overall survival was 6 months. Conclusion: Romidepsin given on a weekly schedule in patients with chemosensitive, recurrent SCLC was inactive and will not be pursued further in this setting.
An analytical breakdown model for short-channel MOSFET's

Avalanche-induced breakdown mechanisms for short-channel MOSFET's are discussed. A simple analytical model that combines the effects due to the ohmic drop caused by the substrate current and the positive feedback effect of the substrate lateral bipolar transistor is proposed. It is shown that two conditions must be satisfied before breakdown will occur. One is the emission of minority carriers into the substrate from the source junction, the other is sufficient avalanche multiplication to cause significant positive feedback. Analytical theory has been developed with the use of a published model for short-channel MOSFET's. The calculated breakdown characteristics agree well with experiments for a wide range of processing parameters and geometries.
Confidence Intervals for Concentration and Brightness from Fluorescence Fluctuation Measurements

The theory of photon count histogram (PCH) analysis describes the distribution of fluorescence fluctuation amplitudes due to populations of fluorophores diffusing through a focused laser beam and provides a rigorous framework through which the brightnesses and concentrations of the fluorophores can be determined. In practice, however, the brightnesses and concentrations of only a few components can be identified. Brightnesses and concentrations are determined by a nonlinear least-squares fit of a theoretical model to the experimental PCH derived from a record of fluorescence intensity fluctuations. The χ2 hypersurface in the neighborhood of the optimum parameter set can have varying degrees of curvature, due to the intrinsic curvature of the model, the specific parameter values of the system under study, and the relative noise in the data. Because of this varying curvature, parameters estimated from the least-squares analysis have varying degrees of uncertainty associated with them. There are several methods for assigning confidence intervals to the parameters, but these methods have different efficacies for PCH data. Here, we evaluate several approaches to confidence interval estimation for PCH data, including asymptotic standard error, likelihood joint-confidence region, likelihood confidence intervals, skew-corrected and accelerated bootstrap (BCa), and Monte Carlo residual resampling methods. We study these with a model two-dimensional membrane system for simplicity, but the principles are applicable as well to fluorophores diffusing in three-dimensional solution. Using simulated fluorescence fluctuation data, we find the BCa method to be particularly well-suited for estimating confidence intervals in PCH analysis, and several other methods to be less so. Using the BCa method and additional simulated fluctuation data, we find that confidence intervals can be reduced dramatically for a specific non-Gaussian beam profile.
DISTINCTIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF GLYCINE INCORPORATION IN RAT ENAMEL AND DENTINE MATRICES.

Abstract Localization of glycine-H3 in dentine and enamel matrices of growing rat molars has been investigated autoradiographically. The label is first localized in odontoblasts and ameloblasts, reflecting intracellular synthesis of the respective matrix proteins, but is rapidly transferred to the adjacent matrices. In dentine matrix, the labelled material appears as a discrete, intensely reactive band, which does not decrease in intensity with time. Dentine matrix present prior to the time of glycine-H3 administration does not become labelled. Although labelled enamel matrix also appears initially as a reaction band, it soon spreads through the thickness of the matrix layer, including that which was present prior to the time of treatment. The mechanism by which this redistribution of enamel matrix protein occurs is not known. The resulting diffuse reaction in enamel matrix is maintained during the time when definitive enamel mineralization begins, i.e. at the same time that an absolute reduction in the mass of enamel matrix is assumed to occur. These findings are discussed in terms of their chemical and physiological implications.
Sensitivity-guided metaheuristics for accurate discrete gate sizing

The well-studied gate-sizing optimization is a major contributor to IC power-performance tradeoffs. Viable optimizers must accurately model circuit timing, satisfy a variety of constraints, scale to large circuits, and effectively utilize a large (but finite) number of possible gate configurations, including V t and L g . Within the research-oriented infrastructure used in the ISPD 2012 Gate Sizing Contest, we develop a metaheuristic approach to gate sizing that integrates timing and power optimization, and handles several types of constraints. Our solutions are evaluated using a rigorous protocol that computes circuit delay with Synopsys PrimeTime. Our implementation Trident outperforms the best-reported results on all but one of the ISPD 2012 benchmarks. Compared to the 2012 contest winner, we further reduce leakage power by an average of 43%.
Soil applications of insecticides for control of Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) on citrus1

A 3-year study was conducted in ‘Washington’ navel orange orchards to investigate the utility and efficacy of applying insecticides under citrus tree canopies for control of the citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton). Both flowable and emulsifiable concentrates of O-P's and carbamates were significantly more effective than their granular formulation. Fonofos 4E, FMC 35001 4EC, carbofuran 4F, chlorpyrifos 4EC and 50 % weed oil were proven to be thripicidally active for > 4–5 wks when used as a canopy ground cover application. The use of visual sampling of pre-bloom terminal foliage or developing fruitlets and/or monitoring emergence traps for 1st and 2nd generation S. citri is central to the successful implementation of this IPM cultural tactic. Zusammenfassung Ausbringung von Insektiziden auf den Boden zur Bekampfung des Citrus-Blasenfuses, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanopt., Thripidae) In 3jahrigen Studien wurde in den “Washington Navelorangen-Plantagen” die Brauchbarkeit und Wirkung einer Ausbringung verschiedener Insektizide am Boden unter den Citrus-Baumen zu Ende der Blutezeit zwecks Bekampfung des sich zu dieser Zeit im Boden zu Adulten umwandelnden Blasenfuses, Scirtothrips citri, untersucht. Dabei ergab sich dieuberlegenheit von Suspensions- und Emulsions-Formulierungen von P-Estern und Carbamaten gegenuber den Granulaten. Fonofos 4 E, FMC 35001 4 EC, Carbofuran 4 F, Chlorpyrifos 4 EC sowie 50 %iges “weed oil” erwiesen sich 4 bis 5 Wochen lang wirksam gegen die Blasenfusschaden, wenn sie gegen Ende der Blutezeit auf den Boden ausgebracht wurden. Terminale Blattproben vor der Baumblute (zur Bestimmung der Blasenfusdichte), Proben sich entwickelnder Fruchte und Schlupffallen fur die 1. und 2. Generation bildeten die Voraussetzung fur eine Beurteilung der Wirkung dieser Art von Bekampfung.
The Internet and the Journal of School Violence

(2002). The Internet and the Journal of School Violence. Journal of School Violence: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-4.
Narcotic receptor blockade and its effect on the analgesic response to placebo and ibuprofen after oral surgery

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of endogenous opiates to the analgesic response after treatment with placebo, codeine, and ibuprofen after oral surgery. Eighty-one patients undergoing complicated dental extractions were pretreated with either a placebo or the narcotic antagonist naltrexone 50 mg, 30 minutes before surgery. After surgery, patients self administered one of three possible postsurgical medications, which included placebo, codeine 60 mg, and ibuprofen 400 mg, when their pain reached a moderate or severe intensity. The study was double-blind with the three postsurgical treatments being randomly allocated within each presurgical treatment block. Pain intensity, pain relief, pain half gone, and overall evaluations were assessed for up to 6 hours. Ibuprofen was significantly more efficacious (p < .05) than codeine or placebo for most analgesic measures. The administration of naltrexone before surgery reduced the analgesic response to both placebo and codeine. Pretreatment with naltrexone did not diminish the peak analgesic response to ibuprofen, but surprisingly prolonged (p < .05) the duration of its action. The results suggest that a blockade of endogenous opiates by naltrexone diminished the placebo response, but that naltrexone may prolong ibuprofen analgesia by some unknown mechanism.
Ionized-Impurity Scattering Mobility of Electrons in Silicon

A quantitative, partly empirical formula for the ionized-impurity scattering mobility of electrons in silicon, derived earlier by Long and Myers from an analysis of resistivity and Hall effect data, is compared with a theoretical formula of Samoilovich, Korenblit, and Dakhovskii for this mobility, which enables one for the first time to calculate its magnitude from the known conduction band parameters of silicon. Very good quantitative agreement between the two formulas is found.
Nurture and force‐feeding: mortuary feasting and the construction of collective individuals in a New Ireland society

This article concerns the performative efficacy of mortuary feasting in constructing matrilineages as transcendent collective individuals. Melanesian mortuary symbolism commonly assimilates death and decay to forms of consumption epitomized by eating. In Tanga, giving food dialectically relates the guests and hosts of mortuary feasts as “eaters” and “noneaters,” or as consumers and agents impervious to consumption. Exchanges of cooked pigs and shell disks objectify this relative evaluation. I analyze the sequence of Tangan mortuary feasts as a process whereby agents detach attributes of “partible” persons and ideally complement each other in the project of creating matrilineal continuity. [mortuary symbolism and ritual, feasting, exchange, matriliny, Melanesia]