cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VLA-4 and its ligands: relevance to kidney diseases

Alterations in cellular immunity have been implicated in many kidney diseases. The role of the adhesion molecule VLA-4 and its known ligands VCAM-1 and CS-1 have just begun to be evaluated in association with kidney diseases. VCAM-1 in human kidney is normally expressed in the Bowman's capsule, in the proximal renal tubule, and in the vascular endothelium. Up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression is seen in many different forms of glomerulonephritis as well as in a mouse model of lupus nephritis. Up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression is observed in the renal allograft with acute cellular rejection, and correlates with areas of leukocyte infiltration and vascular inflammation. CS-1 may also be up-regulated in the rejecting kidney. Animal studies on cardiac transplantation demonstrate that blockade of VLA-4 or VCAM-1 can attenuate transplant rejection. Hemodialysis patients, known to have a cellular immunodeficiency, have increased levels of soluble VCAM-1 in their serum. There is increasing evidence that there are alterations in VLA-4, VCAM-1 and CS-1 in association with kidney diseases. Further studies will be required to delineate the role of these molecules in the immunopathogenesis of select kidney diseases and the possibility of intervening in these adhesion pathways to ameliorate clinical syndromes.
Mold pressurization as a method to reduce warpage in rotational molding of polyethylene

Warpage and global shrinkage of rotationally molded polyethylene parts can be a serious problem with resins of higher densities with rapid quenches and high mold wall thicknesses. It is shown that relatively low pressurization of molds substantially reduces the warpage of molded polyethylene parts. Samples cut out of parts produced in pressurized molds have the same density distributions, Izod Impact, and uniaxial stress-strain characteristics as parts fabricated in unpressurized molds.
Limestone dissolution in stack gas desulfurization. A mass‐transfer model is shown to predict the the measured dissolution rates with less than 30% error

Limestone slurry scrubbing with production of CaSO/sub 3//CaSO/sub 4/ waste solids is the dominant commercial technology for flue-gas desulfurization. The rate of limestone dissolution directly determines the need for excess limestone and therefore affects the cost of makeup and waste disposal. It also interacts strongly with SO/sub 2/ removal and scale-free operation in the operation in the absorber. A previous paper presented a mass-transfer model and experimental results on the dissolution rate as a function of solution composition. There is also a need to know the dependence of dissolution rate on the particle-size distribution and source of limestone. This paper presents experimental results which show that particle-size distribution is the primary factor determining reactivity of naturally occurring limestones. A mass-transfer model is shown to predict the measured dissolution rates with less than 30% error. 15 references, 8 figures, 3 tables. (JMT)
PDGF and cardiovascular disease

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was identified in a search for serum factors that stimulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. During the development of lesions of atherosclerosis that can ultimately lead to vessel occlusion, SMC are stimulated by inflammatory factors to migrate from their normal location in the media. They accumulate within the forming lesion where they contribute to lesion expansion by proliferation and deposition of extracellular matrix. Different genetic manipulations in vascular cells combined with various inhibitory strategies have provided strong evidence for PDGF playing a prominent role in the migration of SMC into the neointima following acute injury and in atherosclerosis. Other activities of PDGF identified in vivo suggest additional functions for PDGF in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Rapid progressive central cooling to 29 °C by extracorporeal circuit preserves cardiac function and hemodynamics in immature swine

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus statement includes recommendations and guidelines for therapeutic hypothermia in infants and children. The information supporting these recommendations is sparse, and reveals a need for target temperature and cooling mode data in age-appropriate animal models. Accordingly, we determined cardiac function and hemodynamic indices in immature piglets (< 28 days) undergoing graded and rapid central cooling from 36°C to 20 °C over 20 minutes by directing cardiac output through an extracorporeal circuit. Functional parameters were recorded continuously using aortic flow probes and left ventricular (LV) pressure capacitance catheters. Stroke volume and work increased during temperature reduction, peaking at 29°C, while systemic vascular resistance did not change. Although, heart rate decreased steadily, cardiac output, power, and LV dp/dtmax was maintained until 29°C. All function parameters decreased below 29°C, implying a critical threshold had been exceeded at lower temperatures. These data show that the temperature range 30 ± 1 °C maintains cardiac function and that this target should be further evaluated as a target for therapeutic hypothermia.
Workflow management for real-time analysis of lightsource experiments

The Advanced lightsource (ALS) is a X-ray synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The ALS generates terabytes of raw and derived data each day and serves 1,000's of researchers each year. Only a subset of the data is analyzed due to barriers in terms of processing that small science teams are ill-equipped to surmount. In this paper, we discuss the development and application of a computational framework, termed SPOT, fed with synchrotron data, powered by storage, networking and compute resources at NERSC and ESnet. We describe issues and recommendations for an end-to-end analysis workflow for ALS data. After one year of operation, the collection contains over 90,000 datasets (550 TB) from 85 users across three beamlines. For 16 months, beamline data taken has been promptly and automatically analyzed and annotated with metadata, allowing users to focus on analysis, conclusions and experiments.
The closed-system approximation for evolution of argon and helium in the mantle, crust and atmosphere

The atmosphere formed by the outgassing of the depleted mantle, leaving a remnant of non-degassed mantle which forms the source of some ocean-island basalts such as Hawaii and Iceland. The 40Ar in the atmosphere degassed from 50% to 90% of the mantle possibly synchronous with sea-floor spreading, ocean-ridge hydrothermal activity and continent formation. The bulk of the degassing ended 1.2–1.8 Ga ago. The similarity of the 40Ar36Ar ratio between the atmosphere and non-degassed mantle suggests both have approximated closed systems. On the other hand, more than 99% of He outgassnd from the mantle has been lost to space from the upper atmosphere. Portions of the oceanic crust and mantle contaminated by atmospheric noble gases are distinguished from non-degassed mantle by this He depletion.
Design of an authentication service

The purpose of this paper is to provide a design example of an authentication service as a means of privacy in information exchange between presentation entities. The service is contained in the session layer and interfaces with the lower layer transport service and upper layer presentation entities. The transport layer service interface is defined to be compatible with the DoD IP/TCP standard and the NBS proposed ISO transport standard.
Abstract 5262: Resistance to fenretinide in neuroblastoma is associated with increased expression of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and targeting sphingosine kinase reverses resistance

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The synthetic retinoid fenretinide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR), is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells via increases in dihydroceramide levels and generation of reactive oxygen species and has clinical activity against recurrent neuroblastoma (J Clin Oncol 27: 15s abstr 10009, 2009). Metabolism of ceramides into various sphingolipid species, including sphingosine, and phosphorylation of dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) are anti-apoptotic and thought to counter cytotoxicity mediated by ceramides. Multistep selection for resistance to 4-HPR was performed with a 4-HPR sensitive neuroblastoma cell line, SMS-KCNR (IC99=4.6 uM), resulting in the 4-HPR resistant line, KCNR-FR (IC99=19.9 uM). We generated a TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) that measures expression of 42 genes involved in ceramide synthesis and metabolism by quantitative RT-PCR. Genes overexpressed in KCNR-FR relative to SMS-KCNR included ceramide desaturase 2 (14.1-fold), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors S1PR2, 3, and 4 (2.4, 1.6, and 1.3-fold, respectively), and SPHK1 (5.2-fold). These data point toward 4-HPR resistance being mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate or dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate, both of which are generated via phosphorylation of sphingosine by SPHK1. SPHK1-specific RNAi knockdown decreased SPHK1 mRNA expression (36% ± 0.007 of scrambled RNAi, p<0.05) and significantly increased apoptosis (35.8 ± 1.7%; p<0.05) in KCNR-FR treated with 4-HPR relative to scrambled RNAi controls (8.8 ± 6.5%; p<0.05). Safingol (L-threo-dihydrosphingosine), a putative sphingosine kinase inhibitor in phase I trials, partially reversed KCNR-FR resistance to 4-HPR (Combination Index = 0.56). Thus, selection for resistance to 4-HPR in neuroblastoma was associated with increased expression of multiple components of the anti-apoptotic sphingosine kinase signaling pathway, and such resistance can be partially overcome by targeting sphingosine kinase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5262.
Surface silicon-deuterium bond energy from gas-phase equilibration.

The bond strength of deuterium (D) to the surface of silicon was determined to be 2.67[plus minus]0.1 eV from measurements of the amount of D on the surface in equilibrium with D[sub 2] gas at various pressures. This was done by measuring the amount of D on surfaces of closed internal microcavities using nuclear reaction analysis. The binding of D to a silicon surface is significantly weaker than the Si-H bond in silane which has been assumed in the past to indicate the strength of the surface Si-H bond. The fact that the Si-D bond strength is comparable to the activation energy for thermal desorption of H from Si suggests a possible reaction path for desorption in which the first and rate-determining step is the dissociation of a Si-H bond followed by the exothermic reaction between the released H atom and a second Si-H to form a H[sub 2] molecule and two Si- dangling bonds. Our result also gives a value of 1.8 eV for the activation energy for dissociative adsorption of D[sub 2] on silicon. The number of bond sites is comparable to the number of Si atoms on the cavity surfaces calculated from the total cavity surface areamore » determined by TEM.« less
The child in group foster care: issues of separation and loss.

Abstract The major aspects and implications of separation and loss in foster children are reviewed. Case vignettes are presented to illustrate the difficulties these children have in establishing relationships with houseparents and the psychotherapist. The concepts of attachment theory are utilized as a framework for understanding the behavior of foster children and for the selection of patients for psychotherapy. We suggest the use of a specific type of nondirective short-term psychotherapy designed to facilitate the working through of feelings surrounding separation and loss. The importance of the child psychiatrist's role as consultant to the houseparents is emphasized.
Higher activity of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (8-oxo-dGTPase) coincides with lower background levels of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA of fetal compared with maternal mouse organs

Mammalian homologues of Escherichia coli MutT, a protein having 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (8-oxo-dGTPase) activity, are thought to play the same role in preventing the incorporation of promutagenic 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) into DNA. One could thus expect that higher activity of 8-oxo-dGTPase should correlate with a lower background level of 8-oxo-dG in nuclear DNA. During transplacental carcinogenesis experiments, in control healthy Swiss mice on day 18 of gestation we found consistently lower levels of 8-oxo-dG in DNA in fetal livers and lungs (1.74+/-0.04 SE and 1.49+/-0.08 SE 8-oxo-dG/10(5) dG, respectively; pooled organs of fetuses of 8 dams) as compared with maternal organs (3.05+/-0.20 SE and 3.08+/-0.17 SE 8-oxo-dG/10(5) dG, respectively; n = 8). The 8-oxo-dGTPase activity determination in the same organs revealed that the lower levels of 8-oxo-dG in fetal DNA did, indeed, coincide with higher 8-oxo-dGTPase activity (48.8+/-2.6 SE and 52.5+/-2.5 SE U/mg protein in livers and lungs, respectively); and vice versa, higher 8-oxo-dG levels in DNA of maternal organs were associated with lower levels of 8-oxo-dGTPase activity (24.3+/-1.3 SE and 4.7+/-0.6 SE U/mg protein, as above). Without excluding other reasons for the relatively low 8-oxo-dG background in DNA of fetal tissues (e.g., higher level of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes; more efficient DNA repair), this inverse relationship may support or at least does not contradict the concept of a guardian role of 8-oxo-dGTPase against 8-oxo-dGTP mutagenicity in mammalian cells.
Expected magnitude of the aerosol shortwave indirect effect in springtime Arctic liquid water clouds

[1] Radiative transfer simulations are used to assess the expected magnitude of the diurnally-averaged shortwave aerosol first indirect effect in Arctic liquid water clouds, in the context of recently discovered longwave surface heating of order 3 to 8 W m−2 by this same aerosol effect detected at the Barrow, Alaska, ARM Site. We find that during March and April, shortwave surface cooling by the first indirect effect is comparable in magnitude to the longwave surface heating. During May and June, the shortwave surface cooling exceeds the longwave heating. Due to multiple reflection of photons between the snow or sea ice surface and cloud base, the shortwave first indirect effect may be easier to detect in surface radiation measurements than from space.
Do Immature Platelet Levels in Chest Pain Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Aid in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Summary Introduction Early and accurate identification of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) vs. noncardiac chest pain in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is problematic and new diagnostic markers are needed. Previous studies reported that elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) is associated with ACS and predictive of cardiovascular risk. MPV is closely related to the immature platelet fraction (IPF), and recent studies have suggested that IPF may be a more sensitive marker of ACS than MPV. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the measurement of IPF assists in the diagnosis of ACS in patients presenting to the ED with chest pain. Methods In this single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study, adult patients presenting to the ED with chest pain and/or suspected ACS were considered for enrollment. Blood samples from 236 ACS-negative and 44 ACS-positive patients were analyzed in a Sysmex XE-2100 for platelet count, MPV, IPF, and the absolute count of immature platelets (IPC). Results Total platelet counts, MPV, IPF, and IPC were not statistically different between ACS-negative and ACS-positive patients. The IPF was 4.6 ± 2.7% and 5.0 ± 2.8% (mean ± SD, P = 0.24), and the IPC was 10.0 ± 4.6 and 11.5 ± 7.5 × 103/μL (P = 0.27) for ACS-negative and ACS-positive patients, respectively. Conclusion In 280 patients presenting to the ED with chest pain and/or suspected ACS, no differences in IPF, IPC or MPV were observed in ACS-negative vs. ACS-positive patients, suggesting that these parameters do not assist in the diagnosis of ACS.
Hydrochloric acid and aryl-sulphatase as reagents for UV-spectral detection of 3- and 4′-sulphated flavonoids

Abstract The UV spectra of 31 naturally occurring and synthetic flavonoid sulphates were analysed in the presence of hydrochloric acid and aryl-sulphatase reagents. After the addition of HCl, the spectra of sulphated flavones showed a bathochromic shift of about 8 nm when a 3′-sulphate group was present, while bathochromic shifts of 15 to 25 nm and 35 nm were indicative of 4′-mono- and 3′,4′-disulphation, respectively. Similarly, in the flavonol series, bathochromic shifts of 15 to 20 nm were indicative of sulphation in position 3; 25 nm, of 3,3′-; 30 to 40 nm, of 3,4′-; and 48 to 53 nm, of 3,3′,4′-sulphation. The aryl-sulphatase shift was found useful in the diagnosis of flavonol 3,3′-, 3,4′-disulphates and 3,3′,4′-trisulphates, which exhibited bathochromic shifts after treatment of 7 to 10, 17 to 22, and 30 to 65 nm, respectively.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: The lymphoepithelial lesion and sjögren's syndrome, part 16

The clinical disorder Sjogren's syndrome and its putative histologic marker in salivary tissues, the lymphoepithelial lesion, have been and continue to be sources of confusion as well as the subjects of extensive immunologic and pathologic research. At the present time, Sjogren's syndrome is defined as a lymphocyte-mediated exocrinopathy but definition does little justice to the profound immunogenetic basis of the syndrome. This report presents a contemporary review of the lymphoepithelial lesion and the syndrome and presents a hypothesis of pathogenesis based on a graft vs host disease-like disorder. The hypothesis incorporates the immunogenetic, immunoregulatory, and neoplastic aspects of Sjogren's syndrome.
An orexigenic role for μ-opioid receptors in the lateral parabrachial nucleus

The pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has been implicated in regulating ingestion and contains opioids that promote feeding elsewhere in the brain. We tested the actions of the selective μ-opioid ...
Blood sugar and autonomic nervous system

1. Experimental investigations show that anoxia, cold, fever, emotional excitement, and stimulation of the hypothalamus elicit a discharge over the vagoinsulin and sympathetico-adrenal systems with the latter predominating. Similar effects are produced by convulsions (electroshock, metrazol) and by drugs (cocaine and bulbocapnine). Exposure to heat likewise acts on both systems, but the effect on the vago-insulin system is predominant. 2. The action of the thyroid on the centers of the autonomic system and clinical findings on changes in blood sugar in conditions of emotional stress are discussed in the light of the experimental findings.
On constrained optimal allocations with incomplete markets

We provide an example of an economy with incomplete asset markets in which there is no constrained optimal allocation.
Contingent privacy that is complete

MuCH has recently been written to show that solipsism is not just odd but erroneous in principle. I shall suppose that the case against it is established. Much has also been written explaining how solipsism has been generated, and how the die-hard bit of solipsist in each of us is fed by various confusions of phrase and concept. It is now possible, for instance, to state in barest outline a distinction between contingent or managed privacy and allegedly necessary or a priori privacy, and to have the distinction received with nods of assent. Here again I shall not argue the point. I take the distinction for granted. But almost nothing has been done, so far as I know, about a certain question which naturally arises against such a background. It is a question about a special kind of case, and I find that philosophers tend to divide over it sharply. The case may be specified thus: "Suppose a person manages to conceal a certain thought or feeling from everyone else, completely and always." Let us call this the case of "completely managed privacy," or of "privacy that is contingent but complete." Now it is a fact that many persons who reject solipsism and necessary privacy on proper verificationist grounds yet accept the above specification as making sense; while others insist, or tend to insist, that the specification is nonsense. This division I wish to examine. I shall hope thereby to illuminate, in at least some small respects, the notions of sense, of verifiability "in principle," of privacy, of concealment, and of evidence. First I shall state the latter or "strong" thesis, that the stipulation of the case is nonsensical; this I shall call "the theory." Then I shall consider some objections of the sort that naturally arise. Finally I shall note the character of the disagreement and offer a resolution.'
The Galileo Principle

Summary In his second book “Dialogues concerning Two New Sciences” published in 1638, Galileo made an amazing assumption that violates something as fundamental as static equilibrium. Yet, in applying this to may problems, he obtained correct answers. The reason is that he sought relative answers rather than absolute ones and the errors involved cancelled out. This is a useful analytical tool for engineering analysis which I call the Galileo Principle. This principle will be applied in conjunction with dimensional analysis to the complex problem of estimating fine grinding temperatures in order to simplify the analysis and end result.
Relationship of a dominant advanced glycation end product, serum carboxymethyl-lysine, and abnormal glucose metabolism in adults: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Background and Objectives Although hyperglycemia is thought to increase the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), studies have not shown a consistent relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism and serum AGEs. We investigated the relationship between a dominant serum AGE, Ncarboxymethyl-lysine (CML), and glucose metabolism.
What factors affect academic performance in an online Technology Management bachelors program

This paper explores the factors that correlate to the length of time it takes an undergraduate student to complete a Technology Management bachelors program. Three independent variables are identified in this paper; the age of the student, the gender of the student, and the total number of credit hours that the student transferred into the program from other higher education institutions. The dependent variable is binary, and reflects whether a student was able to complete their degree within three years of entering the program. A logit model is used to analyze the data. We find that gender had no statistically significant relationship with the odds that a student will graduate within three years, while the age of the student is negatively correlated with the dependent variable and the total number of transfer credits is positively correlated with the dependent variable. The former is significant at the 10% level, while the latter is significant at the 5% level.
Effects of chronic pesticide stress on wildlife populations in complex landscapes: Processes at multiple scales

Populations exposed to pesticides may often be divided into subpopulations, where some subpopulations are exposed to pesticides and others are not. We consider three models for such populations. The first is a simple discrete time model with no density-dependent reproduction. The second is a continuous time model that includes density- dependence for populations not exposed to pesticides. In both models, populations exposed to pesticides are assumed to decline geometrically (exponentially in the continuous time model). Migration between exposed and safe habitat patches is symmetric, so that all individuals leaving safe patches enter exposed patches and vice versa. The rate is assumed to be the same for both kinds of patches. The conditions for persistence of the population in the landscape are the same for both models. Increasing migration rate between patches decreases the ability of the population to persist. Populations that have low rates of increase in safe habitat patches have greater difficulty persisting than those with high rates of increase in safe patches. The toxicity of the pesticide also affects population persistence. More toxic pesticides that result in higher rates of death and/or lower rates of birth in exposed habitat patches lower the ability of the population to persist in the landscape. We consider an additional set of models of a metapopulations that persist because of a balance between colonization and local extinction. In such systems, pesticides may endanger regional persistence by reducing the pool of sites available for colonization. We conclude with an outline of important future directions for theoretical research intended to elucidate the impact of pesticides on populations spatially complex landscapes.
Nonobese diabetic CD4 lymphocytosis maps outside the MHC locus on chromosome 17

Genetic control of homeostasis of peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte levels is incompletely understood. Recent genome scans have linked mouse peripheral CD4 levels to chromosome 17, with strongest linkage to the Ea region. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice demonstrate peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis, and previous studies also suggested that the MHC region might control this phenotype. Here we confirm that loci on Chr 17 control NOD peripheral CD4 lymphocytosis. An elevated NOD CD4:CD8 ratio maps to the same region, and we show it is due to increased numbers of CD4+ cells. However, using NOD MHC congenic mice, we demonstrate that the MHC region is excluded, and that NOD peripheral lymphocytosis is controlled by genetic intervals adjacent to the MHC region on Chr 17.
Tonometric Measurement of Dental Pulpal and Mandibular Marrow Blood Pressures

Dental pulpal and mandibular marrow vascular pressures were studied with a tonometric method under conditions of autoperfusion and step flow controlled perfusion. The tonometric pulpal and marrow pressures averaged 17 ± 5 mm Hg and 20 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. The venous end pressure was 16 ± 8 mm Hg at a perfusion pressure of 156 ± 28 mm Hg. The tonometric pulpal pressures were lower and were less variable than the comparable cannulation pulpal pressures.
FDTD modeling of realistic microwave sintering experiments

Computer modeling and numerical simulation provide a valuable tool for designing guidelines towards a successful routine experimentation with microwave sintering of ceramics. It is also expected that continued efforts in numerical simulation will lead to establishing procedures for the scale up and commercial utilization of this new technology. We utilize the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique to model various geometric arrangements and material compatibility aspects in sintering ceramics in multimode microwave cavities. Simultaneous sintering of multiple samples is also simulated, and the role of using process stimulus such as SiC rods or sheets on improving the uniformity of the microwave sintering process are also simulated. To help experimentally validate the obtained results, the FDTD electromagnetic power deposition results were combined with a 3D heat transfer program to calculate the temperature distribution in the samples and surrounding insulation. Results from the FDTD and finite-difference codes as well as comparisons with experimental measurements of sintering experiments performed in multimode microwave cavities are presented.
Interpreting Endwall and Sidewall Measurements in Shock-Tube Ignition Studies

Chemiluminescence emission from exited species such as OH* or CH* as well as pressure can be convenient and effective diagnostics for monitoring ignition delay times in shock-heated mixtures. Ideally, the ignition delay time obtained from the radical-species emission signal should agree with ignition delay time as obtained from the pressure trace. Under ideal shock-tube conditions, ignition behind the reflected shock wave occurs first at the endwall, so the measurement of endwall pressure is often considered the best way to determine ignition delay time when such an increase in pressure is available. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of data from a pressure transducer mounted in the endwall can be relatively low when compared to that of an emission signal, so the latter technique provides a useful alternative to pressure. In the present paper, an analytical model of endwall emission measurements is presented, and recent experimental results are studied to determine whether or not endwall measurements are...
Sustained Complete Responses in Patients With Lymphoma Receiving Autologous Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Proteins

Purpose Tumor cells from approximately 40% of patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma express the type II latency Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2, which represent attractive targets for immunotherapy. Because T cells specific for these antigens are present with low frequency and may be rendered anergic by the tumors that express them, we expanded LMP–cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with lymphoma using autologous dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B–lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing either LMP2 alone (n = 17) or both LMP2 and ΔLMP1 (n = 33). Patients and Methods These genetically modified antigen-presenting cells expanded CTLs that were enriched for specificity against type II latency LMP antigens. When infused into 50 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma, the expanded CTLs did not produce infusional toxicities. Results Twenty-eight of 29 high-risk or multiple-relapse patients receiving LMP-CTLs as adju...
Heritage Language Education and Identity in the United States

Despite the frequent references to identity within the field of heritage language education, it is only in the past decade or so that scholars have begun to conduct empirical research on this topic. This article examines recent research on identity and heritage language education in the United States. The article begins with a discussion of the simultaneous development of heritage language education as a field and growth of interest in identity and language learning, followed by a critical examination of the terms “heritage language” and “heritage language education,” as well as of “heritage language learner” as an identity category. Next is a review of empirical studies conducted within the past 5 years, including survey-based research that considered identity in the exploration of students’ reasons for heritage language study, in addition to qualitative and ethnographic research that focused specifically on heritage language learners’ sense of themselves and their relationship to the heritage language, as well as on the ways that heritage language learner identities are constructed, indexed, and negotiated in classroom settings. The next section looks at recent research on pedagogical approaches designed to engage heritage language learners in critical considerations of language and identity. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
Role of miR-204 in the Regulation of Apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response, and Inflammation in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Increased presence of senescent cells in aging tissues has been hypothesized to contribute to pathophysiological changes associated with several age-related conditions.1–3 Specifically, senescence of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells has been proposed to play a role in the functional alterations of this tissue in primary open angle glaucoma.4 We have previously reported that senescence of HTM cells is associated with significant changes of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and that miRNAs might contribute to the regulation of the phenotypic alterations characteristic of senescent cells. One of the miRNAs significantly downregulated in senescent HTM cells was miR-204.5,6 MiR-204 has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of multiple functions in different cell types. It is expressed at relatively high levels in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where it has been demonstrated to be the target of TGF-beta receptor 2 (TGFβR2) and SNAIL-2, leading to a decrease in transepithelial resistance associated with reduced expression of claudins 10, 16, and 19.7 MiR-204 has also been found to be highly abundant in distal axons compared with the cell bodies of primary sympathetic neurons, suggesting some potential role in the maintenance of axonal structure and function as well as neuronal growth and development.8 Expression of miR-204 is regulated by different light levels in the mouse retina, suggesting a potential role in adaptation to different levels of illumination.9 Finally, miR-204 has been found to be downregulated in several types of tumors,10,11 and it has been proposed that such downregulation could contribute to tumor growth through de-repression of the validated targets HOXA10 and MEIS111 and some predicted targets such as the antiapoptotic protein Bcl212 and the member of the RAS oncogene family RAB22.13 However, there is still little information about the genes regulated by miR-204 and the biological functions modulated by this miRNA. To gain insight on the biological roles of miR-204 in the TM, we analyzed the changes in gene expression induced by this miRNA in HTM cells and identified 12 novel targets. Based on the genes downregulated by miR-204, we evaluated its role in the regulation of ER stress response, accumulation of oxidized proteins, and apoptosis in HTM cells.
Parameter adaptation and control in a biochemical reactor

A discrete optimally sensitive controller is developed which yields steady-state feedback control of a three-stage biochemical reactor system in spite of system parameter variations. A feedback law is implemented that estimates those variations which cause the output states to deviate from nominal, and adjusts the control policy in light of these variations.
The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations/ Investigations on the Mother/Child Relationship:

In alleged sexual abuse cases, the mother's efforts to provide a protective environment, including detecting signs of abuse and providing support subsequent to abuse, are critical to the child's well-being. This qualitative study, using two focus groups with 10 participants, examines changes in the mother/child relationship after disclosures of sexual abuse of preschoolers. Mother/child relationships were affected by suspicions and discovery of child sexual abuse in the following categories: interference of investigators, behavior problems in the child, parental exhaustion from increased demands, and parenting insecurity. Suggestions for further research and intervention implications are discussed.
Democracy and Economic Policy: Elective Affinities and Circumstantial Conjunctures

Abstract The paper first reviews four alternative theoretical standpoints on the relationship between democracy and markets. None are unambiguously confirmed by experience, although the collapse of communism tends to disconfirm the fourth. Second, therefore, the paper seeks to disaggregate' the categories — in particular it distinguishes between a variety of economic policy tasks that arise in different historical settings. It also distinguishes between variants of democracy and of authoritarianism. This procedure clarifies the contrasts between, for example, Japanese, and German and US versions of market democracy. Finally, such contrasting experiences highlight the significance of uncertainty and contingency, and therefore also choice, and even leadership. But such discretionality will be confined within well-defined patterns of structural constraints.
Symbolic computation of integrals by recurrence

We discuss (1) the construction of recurrence formulas for several types of indefinite and definite integral, (2) the conversion of some of the recurrence schemes to general closed formulas, (3) the mechanization of these processes, (4) "vectorized" recurrence, (5) "telescoped" recurrence, (6) the outperformance of present automatic integration software by the procedures that use our formulas, and (7) the interface between symbolic computation (computer algebra) and mathematical discourse.
Simulation of flow between concentric rotating spheres. Part 1. Steady states

Axisymmetric spherical Couette flow between two concentric differentially rotating spheres is computed numerically as an initial-value problem. The time-independent spherical Couette flows with zero, one and two Taylor vortices computed in our simulations are found to be reflection-symmetric about the equator despite the fact that our pseudospectral numerical method did not impose these properties. Our solutions are examined for self-consistency, compared with other numerical calculations, and tested against laboratory experiments. At present, the most precise laboratory measurements are those that measure Taylor-vortex size as a function of Reynolds number, and our agreement with these results is within a few per cent. We analyse our flows by plotting their meridional circulations, azimuthal angular velocities, and energy spectra. At Reynolds numbers just less than the critical value for the onset of Taylor vortices, we find that pinches develop in the flow in which the meridional velocity redistributes the angular momentum. Taylor vortices are easily differentiated from pinches because the fluid in a Taylor vortex is isolated from the rest of the fluid by a streamline that extends from the inner to the outer sphere, whereas the fluid in a pinch mixes with the rest of the flow.
Modes of Myocardial Cell Injury and Cell Death in Ischemic Heart Disease

The manifestations and mechanisms of myocardial cell injury and cell death in response to impaired coronary perfusion and thrombosis continue to be the collective subject of ongoing investigation because of intrinsic scientific interest and relevance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease. An extensive body of evidence has documented the cellular and subcellular alterations that accompany the progressive reduction in high-energy ATP in response to oxygen and substrate deprivation affecting all cell types, including cardiac myocytes.1 2 3 The characteristic pattern of ischemic cell injury involves fluid and electrolyte alterations, with loss of K+ and Mg2+ and accumulation of water, Na+, Cl−, H+ (acidosis), and Ca2+; cytoplasmic, organellar, and cellular swelling with plasma membrane blebbing; and margination and clumping of nuclear chromatin. These cellular changes are due to progressive impairment of membrane composition, structure, and function.1 The transition from reversible to irreversible injury is characterized by the development of a severe membrane permeability defect that allows the unregulated influx of divalent and trivalent cations, including calcium.1 Subsequently, the swollen cells develop physical defects (holes) in their cell membranes and rupture. These features of cell injury with cell swelling have been shown to involve cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia in vitro and cardiac muscle during the evolution of myocardial infarction in vivo.1 3 Myocardium undergoing ischemic death ultimately exhibits some variant of coagulation necrosis and elicits an inflammatory response with an initial influx of neutrophils.3 The underlying membrane damage to ischemic myocytes is the basis for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction by pathology laboratory and nuclear cardiology methods. Recently, considerable attention has been directed to another form of cell death, referred to as apoptosis.1 2 Although apoptosis was initially characterized as a …
Loneliness is associated with sleep fragmentation in a communal society.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Loneliness has been shown to predict poor health. One hypothesized mechanism is that lonely individuals do not sleep as well as individuals who feel more connected to others. Our goal was to test whether loneliness is associated with sleep fragmentation or sleep duration. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Members of a traditional, communal, agrarian society living in South Dakota. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five participants (mean age 39.8 years, 55% female) who were ≥ 19 years of age at the study's inception. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We conducted interviews querying loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Study participants wore a wrist actigraph for one week to measure objective sleep properties; the two studied here were sleep fragmentation and sleep duration. Higher loneliness scores were associated with significantly higher levels of sleep fragmentation (β = 0.073, t = 2.55, P = 0.01), controlling for age, sex, body mass index, risk of sleep apnea, and negative affect (a factor comprising symptoms of depression and anxiety, and perceived stress). Loneliness was not associated with sleep duration or with either subjective sleep measure. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness was a significant predictor of sleep fragmentation. Humans' social nature may partly be manifest through our dependence on feeling secure in our social environment to sleep well.
Significance of Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay Waters for growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Global ice-sheet growth from interglacial stage 5e to last glacial maximum stage 2 occurred in two major steps, at the isotope stage 5e/5d and 5a/4 transitions (e.g., Ruddiman et al. 1980). Although we do not know where ice accumulated during these times of increasing oceanic 8’0, one likely location is the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). This paper describes a hypothesis forwarding the possibility that Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea acted as moisture sources for LIS growth. Then competing interpretations of oceanic sediment cores are evaluated with regard to the potential of these areas as precipitation sources for ice growth at the stage 5a/4 transition. Finally, modelling of the global atmosphere at the stage 2 maximum suggests constraints on the location and timing of ice sheet growth.
The Impact of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Disorder before and During the Housing Crisis: Testing the Spiral of Decay

Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine whether an increasing number of foreclosures in a neighborhood subsequently increase disorder and whether the temporal relationship between foreclosures and disorder is different before and during the housing crisis. Methods We employ longitudinal data to examine the impact of foreclosure on crime in Glendale, Arizona, a city at the epicenter of the nation's foreclosure problem. We rely on three data sources: (1) foreclosure data, (2) Computer-Aided Dispatch/Police Records Management System data, and (3) U.S. Census and census estimate data. Results Our findings suggest that foreclosures do have a short-term, four-month effect on overall disorder and social disorder; however, that relationship only holds during the months preceding the housing crisis. During the housing crisis, there is no effect of foreclosures on disorder. Conclusions Our results suggest that instead of the long-standing negative impact that foreclosures have on disorder in communities, their negative effect is short lived and limited. Thus, foreclosures during the housing crisis do not signal disorder and decay as expected. A number of communities across the country have enacted prevention, enforcement, and reuse policies and programs aimed at foreclosure for the purpose of reducing disorder and subsequent crime; our results suggest that some of these policies and programs require substantial resources and might not have their desired impact.
Nursing cai development workshop

The purpose of this workshop is to examine and discuss the three major steps in developing CAI programs on nursing. Included are: definition of nursing content; selection of instructional design; and decisions for implementing and evaluating the instructional materials.
A laboratory comparison of analytical methods used for isocyanates

Monomeric and oligomeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) are components of catalyst hardeners in two-part polyurethane coating systems. Exposure to these isocyanates in the collision repair industry has been associated with increased risk for work-related asthma; however their quantitation remains a challenging task. Four analytical methods were compared: modified version of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5525 (NIOSH); liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MPP) as the derivatizing reagent; modified version of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration Method 42/PV2034 (OSHA); and modified version of the Omega ISO-CHEK® Method (WA-DOSH). Five levels of a widely used clear coat hardener were spiked onto sampling media. A reference value was calculated by using a hardener NCO titration and manufacturer composition data. Intra- and inter-method variability was determined. All methods measuring NCO-HDI monomer, NCO-IPDI monomer, NCO-IPDI oligomers, and total NCO mass (except OSHA method) compared well against the reference values (slopes ≥ 0.816, R2 > 0.90). The NCO-HDI oligomer results for the NIOSH method compared well with the reference values (slope = 1.161, standard error = 0.046 and R2 = 0.98, p < 0.001) while WA-DOSH were above (slope = 2.293, standard error = 0.055 and R2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) and LC/MS were below (slope = 0.264, standard error = 0.011 and R2 = 0.98, p < 0.001) the reference values. The principal challenges associated with comparing methods were: 1) the reporting metrics were not always directly comparable and 2) not all methods reported all isocyanate species of interest. Although this present study provided valuable information, a more extensive investigation is required in order to critically evaluate these methodological differences.
Introduction: Toward an Anthropology of Affect and Evocative Ethnography

A growing interest in affect holds much promise for anthropology by providing a new frame to examine and articulate subjective and intersubjective states, which are key parts of human consciousness and behavior. Affect has its roots in the social, an observation that did not go unnoticed by Durkheim and since then has been kept in view by those social scientists interested in the emotions, feelings, and subjectivity. However, the challenge for ethnographers has always been to articulate in words and conceptualize theoretically what is only felt and sensed. What we are calling “evocative ethnography” is an ethnography that meets this challenge to make room for, and hold onto, feelings and affect in its description and explanation. The papers in this special issue accomplish that, as well as provide some anthropological insights into affect theory.
Fluorides in the Water: Still more argument than facts about fluoridation

(1974). Fluorides in the Water: Still more argument than facts about fluoridation. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 12-18.
Hydrostatic Extrusion of Metals

This paper is a review of the state of the art in the hydrostatic extrusion of metals. Hydrostatic extrusion may be defined as a process in which an elongated product is formed by pushing a material through a suitably shaped orifice under the action of fluid pressure. The presence of an extrusion fluid reduces container friction and provides improved lubrication in the die. Longer billets may therefore be extruded at lesser pressures as compared to those required in conventional extrusion.
Outcomes after breast cancer in an ethnically diverse cohort of high-risk patients: Differences in survival based on BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status

21116 Background: Most studies of hereditary breast cancer report that BRCA1 associated tumors are characterized by high grade and hormone receptor negativity, while those associated with BRCA2 are...