cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voting to anger and to please others

A person may vote for a candidate to please citizens who prefer the same candidate, and to anger citizens who dislike the candidate. Such behavior is consistent with high turnout (though any one vote is unlikely to be decisive), with strategic voting, and with candidates adopting divergent positions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy and Rogers’ Core Components Among Middle School Students Receiving Counseling Services: A Descriptive Study

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is an effective counseling method, yet the reasons for this effectiveness are not well understood. It has been theorized but not empirically verified that AAT participants view therapy animals as possessing Carl Rogers’s core counselor characteristics (Friesen, 2010; Parish-Plass, 2008).This study examined the degree to which 312 middle school students in Grades 4 through 8 rated an AAT dog on Rogers’s core counselor characteristics using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (1962). The findings show that the AAT dog was rated highly on the 3 Rogerian traits level of regard, empathy, and congruence.
Teaching Poetry to Soldiers in a Post-Heroic Age

In antiquity the epic poet's need for the soldier was reciprocated. Today, however, poets and soldiers operate in an altered relation. The association of poetry with often violent action is very mu...
Inhibition of atypical PKC blocks ultraviolet-induced AP-1 activation by specifically inhibiting ERKs activation.

Since ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major etiologic factor in the development of human skin cancers, investigating the signal transduction pathways initiated by UV radiation may help with the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of UV-induced carcinogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that UV-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation is blocked by dominant negative atypical PKCs (aPKCs). Here we investigated the role of aPKC in UV-induced activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family members which are considered to be the mediators of AP-1 activation. We found that UV radiation led to translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ and activation of MAP kinase family members as well as an increase of AP-1–dependent transcription activation at the same dose range. Pretreatment of cells or mouse skin with antisense oligonucleotides of PKCζ impaired UV-induced activation of AP-1 in JB6 cells as well as in AP-1–luciferase transgenic mice. It also inhibited UV-induced activation of ERKs but not of JNK and p38 kinases in JB6 cells. In contrast, no significant inhibition of AP-1 activation and MAP kinase activation were observed in cells treated with sense oligonucleotides of PKCζ. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of PKCλ/ι specifically inhibited activation of extracellular signal–regulated protein kinases (ERKs) but not of c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) nor p38 kinases induced by UV radiation. These results demonstrated that inhibition of aPKC impairs UV-induced AP-1 activation via suppression of ERKs activation but not of JNKs or p38 kinase activation. Mol. Carcinog. 27:65–75, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of heats of solution on marangoni convection

Abstract Spontaneous convective circulation arising during the unsteady state transfer of a solute across a liquid-liquid interface was investigated experimentally for the possible effects of lateral temperature variations along the interface brought about by the enthalpy change accompanying the solute transfer. The convective circulation was largely due to the Marangoni effect or surface-tension-driven flow. An additional driving force due to an unstable density was present during some runs. In addition to a study of 78 different ternary systems, detailed studies were made of two of these, both containing water and ethyl acetate as the partially miscible solvents. One system involved the transfer of acetic acid in the presence of buoyancy-driven flow; the other involved the transfer of ethyl alcohol in a buoyancy-stable system. A motion picture camera with Schlieren illumination recorded the convective patterns crossing the junction of a stationary micro-thermocouple located in the interface. Simultaneously, a fast-response, continuous measurement of the temperature at that point was recorded. Temperature perturbations as large as 0.05°C were common, and values up to 0.5°C occurred in some systems. These did not affect the interfacial tension in a significant manner. The motion picture confirmed that no consistent correspondence existed between the flow appearance and the temperature record. Thus the surface tension driving force must arise from concentration perturbations per se and not from the temperature perturbations which are caused by the heats of solution.
Raman spectra of shock compressed pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystals: anisotropic response.

To gain insight into the anisotropic sensitivity of shocked pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) single crystals, single-pulse Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the response of crystals shocked along the [100] (insensitive) and [110] (sensitive) orientations. High-resolution Raman spectra revealed several orientation-dependent features under shock compression: (i) substantially different stress dependence of the Raman shift for the CH2 and NO2 stretching modes for the two orientations, (ii) discontinuity in the stress dependence of the Raman shift for the CH2 stretching modes above 4 GPa for the [110] orientation, and (iii) large broadening for the CH2 and NO2 asymmetric stretching modes for stresses above 4 GPa for the [110] orientation. The present data in combination with previous static pressure results provide support for conformational changes in PETN molecules for shock compression along the [110] (sensitive) orientation. Implications of the present results for the anisotropic sensitivity of s...
Engineering micropatterned surfaces to modulate the function of vascular stem cells.

Highlights: • We examine vascular stem cell function on microgrooved and micropost patterned polymer substrates. • 10 μm microgrooved surfaces significantly lower VSC proliferation but do not modulate calcified matrix deposition. • Micropost surfaces significantly lower VSC proliferation and decrease calcified matrix deposition. - Abstract: Multipotent vascular stem cells have been implicated in vascular disease and in tissue remodeling post therapeutic intervention. Hyper-proliferation and calcified extracellular matrix deposition of VSC cause blood vessel narrowing and plaque hardening thereby increasing the risk of myocardial infarct. In this study, to optimize the surface design of vascular implants, we determined whether micropatterned polymer surfaces can modulate VSC differentiation and calcified matrix deposition. Undifferentiated rat VSC were cultured on microgrooved surfaces of varied groove widths, and on micropost surfaces. 10 μm microgrooved surfaces elongated VSC and decreased cell proliferation. However, microgrooved surfaces did not attenuate calcified extracellular matrix deposition by VSC cultured in osteogenic media conditions. In contrast, VSC cultured on micropost surfaces assumed a dendritic morphology, were significantly less proliferative, and deposited minimal calcified extracellular matrix. These results have significant implications for optimizing the design of cardiovascular implant surfaces.
LIGHT RAIL PROXIMITY: BENEFIT OR DETRIMENT IN THE CASE OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA?

When the public sector sponsors projects to promote general welfare, disproportionate benefits or disproportionate burdens often fall on individuals. In Santa Clara County, California, private property owners sued the county for damages, claiming a burden due to the existence of light rail transit (LRT). By looking at rental rates for commercial property, the present research tests several hedonic specifications to determine what effect, if any, LRT has on proximate property values. It also compares transit accessibility with highway accessibility as determinants of rent. An understanding of this effect allows the county to make informed decisions in its defense against the suits brought and allows other government entities to make informed decisions with respect to the building of future LRT systems. The results indicate that, when controlling for other factors, properties that lie within 0.8 km (0.5 mi) of a light rail station command a higher lease rate than other properties in the county. When control...
Toward a model of the value aspects of motivation in education: Developing appreciation for..

Currently well-developed lines of theory and research on motivation in education focus on its expectancy aspects, especially as they apply in achievement situations that call for striving to attain specific goals. This article considers concepts and principles that might be included in a model that addresses the value/interest/appreciation aspects of motivated learning, including learning in exploratory situations that do not require focused achievement striving. Featured concepts and principles include an optimal match between the learning opportunity and the learner's prior knowledge and experiences, learner identification with or perception of self-relevance of the learning domain, curricular choices that feature content and activities that lie within both the cognitive and the motivational zones of proximal development, and teacher scaffolding of learners' exposure to the domain in ways that build motivational schemas that enable learners to appreciate the domain's value and experience its satisfactions.
Calcium messenger system in plants

The purpose of this review is to delineate the ubiquitous and pivotal role of Ca2+ in diverse physiological processes. Emphasis will be given to the role of Ca2+ in stimulus-response coupling. In addition to reviewing the present status of research, our intention is to critically evaluate the existing data and describe the newly developing areas of Ca2+ research in plants.
High temperature simulation of petroleum formation—IV. Stable carbon isotope studies of gaseous hydrocarbons

Abstract Laboratory simulations of petroleum formation were examined by stable carbon isotope studies of five cryogenic distillation fractions of the gases produced by thermal treatment of organic substrates. Simple heat treatment (pyrolysis) of substrates was contrasted with heat treatment in the presence of nickel and vanadium sulfides, ammonia, and water (catalysis). The effect of substrate/catalyst ratio on the isotopic composition of gases was also examined. All reactions were carried out at 440°C, and ambient pressure. Plots of stable carbon isotope ratio versus distillation temperature, for substrates representing marine and terrestrial organic matter, were compared to literature values for natural petroleum accumulations, and to the pyrolysis of Green River oil shale.
Increased Survival in Neonates with Birthweight (BW) <1001 gm Is Associated with Prenatal Betamethasone (Bmeth) Use

Increased Survival in Neonates with Birthweight (BW) <1001 gm Is Associated with Prenatal Betamethasone (Bmeth) Use
Effect of antilymphocyte serum on parameters of tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor--host system.

SummaryAdministration of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) resulted in augmentation of “takes,” growth, and metastases of transplanted mouse mammary tumors in their syngeneic C3HeB/FeJ hosts.
Enhancement of mixing by chaotic advection with diffusion

The role of diffusion in the mixing of particles by chaotic advection produced in a Stokes flow in an eccentric annulus is studied numerically and experimentally. It is observed that the mean square separation of diffusing particles initialized in a chaotic region after flow reversal is a few times greater than that in a regular region, and that the separation increases exponentially with the duration of stirring. The main causes of enhancement of separation are identified to be stretching and folding of material lines. We find that the greater the degree of stretching in a region, the greater is the separation of particles in that region. Experimental observations are made by taking photographs of blobs before and after stirring and analyzing the images. There is good qualitative agreement between the numerical results and the experimental observations for a few cycles of stirring, but for longer stirring, if the blob undergoes multiple folds, the final distribution of particles after flow reversal predicted numerically using the Stokes flow assumption deviates from the experimental results. The main cause of this deviation is believed to be the irreversibilities other than diffusion such as inertial effects and vibration.
Cultures of GH3 cells contain both single and dual hormone secretors.

Analysis of GH3 cultures by fixed sequential plaque assays revealed the presence of cells that release GH only, as well as those that release both GH and PRL (mammosomatotropes). Chronic treatment of these cultures with 17β-estradiol and TRH (factors found to alter the amounts of GH and PRL secreted) caused shifts in the overall proportions of GH to PRL secreting cells. Each agent, however, influenced the cultures differently. Estradiol treatment resulted in cultures which contained only mammosomatotropes, whereas TRH treatment resulted in cultures that contained PRL-only cells in addition to the other two functional cell types present in control populations. These results indicate that factors which alter the amounts of GH and PRL secreted by GH3 cultures also change the types of secretors present. Moreover, the manner in which the proportions of dual hormone secretors changed in response to these factors supports the view that multipotential cells serve as a transitional cell type in a conversion from G...
Primary and secondary risk factors for birth defects.

Abstract Birth defects may be inherited in the germ line or may result primarily from a wide spectrum of predictable physical, chemical, and infectious processes that can operate in the mother, the father, or in the zygote. The systematic consideration of these mechanisms can lead to a fresh awareness of risk and possible strategies toward recognizing and avoiding such risks. Birth defects also depend heavily on secondary factors that may even be of greater concern than any single primary insult because they may simultaneously affect the consequences of more than one primary exposure. Under the influence of secondary factors, the frequency, timing, and intensity of developmental deficiencies can be quite varied. It is particularly interesting that expression can be delayed until quite late in life, and deficiencies may occur or be expressed only in response to the appropriate environmental stress or functional demand. Any discussion of teratogenic mechanisms, therefore, is not complete without taking into account the important concept of co-teratogenesis, or the operation of secondary risk mechanisms. The principle of secondary risk or co-teratogenesis has been demonstrated by means of enhancement of radiation-induced terata by the administration of drugs that inhibit DNA repair. An example of late-onset expression of prenatal damage was illustrated with postnatal retinal degeneration occurring after prenatal damage to the developing retina. It is suggested that a systematic consideration of primary and secondary risk mechanisms can lead to a better understanding of the problem of birth defects.
Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy of the House, Wah Wah, and Adjacent Ranges in Western Utah

Geologic mapping and paleontologic evaluation of Middle Cambrian strata in western Utah have extended the usage of several formations first defined in the House Range by Walcott and have shown that new units are needed outside of the House Range for upper Middle Cambrian strata of different facies. The following usage is proposed for the House Range: Lower Cambrian — Prospect Mountain Quartzite and the lower member of the Pioche Formation; Middle Cambrian — Tatow Member of the Pioche Formation, Millard Member and upper members of the Howell Limestone, Chisholm Formation, Dome Limestone, Whirlwind Formation, Swasey Limestone, Wheeler Shale, Marjum Formation, and the lower part of the Weeks Limestone. New formations defined in the Wah Wah Mountains include the Eye of Needle Limestone (Wheeler Shale equivalent), Pierson Cove Formation (lower Marjum Formation equivalent), and the Wah Wah Summit Formation (Weeks Limestone near equivalent). The Trippe Limestone is extended from the Deep Creek Range into west-central Utah, and a new member, Fish Springs Member, is defined as a thin but widely mappable unit. The House Range contains the most continuously fossiliferous trilobite sequence, but most ranges in western Utah contain the following faunas: Albertella , Glossopleura , Ehmaniella , Ptychagnostus gibbus , Bathyuriscus fimbriatus , and Eldoradia .
High-Frequency Underwater Acoustic Propagation in a Port Modeled as a Three-Dimensional Duct Closed at One End Using the Method of Images

A computer-efficient model for underwater acoustic propagation in a shallow, three-dimensional rectangular duct closed at one end has been developed using the method of images. The duct simulates a turning basin located in a port, surrounded with concrete walls, and filled with sea water. The channel bottom is composed of silt. The modeled impulse response is compared with the impulse response measured between 15 kHz and 33 kHz. Despite small sensor-position inaccuracies and an approximated duct geometry, the impulse response can be modeled with a relative echo magnitude error of 1.62 dB at worst and a relative echo location error varying between 0% and 4% when averaged across multiple measurements and sensor locations. This is a sufficient level of accuracy for the simulation of an acoustic communication system operating in the same frequency band and in shallow waters, as time fluctuations in echo magnitude commonly reach 10 dB in this type of environment.
Experimental and Theoretical Foundations of Behavior Modification

The importance of the subject matter of this volume, which deals with issues of the assessment and treatment of human psychological disturbance, cannot be overstressed. A dramatic increase has occurred in the number of individuals requesting solutions to their psychological problems. The cost to society in terms of human suffering, loss of productivity, and dollars is staggering. It was not until World War II that the extent of this problem was recognized. Nearly 5 million men in the United States, almost 1 out of 5, were rejected for military service, and many thousands were discharged following acceptance because of neuropsychiatric problems. The seriousness of the problems was even more clearly demonstrated in the Midtown Manhattan Study conducted by Srole and his co-workers (1962). These investigators reported that fewer than 1 out of 4 persons was judged to be psychologically healthy, and nearly 1 out of 5 persons was considered “incapacitated” by psychological disturbance. Adding to this conclusion is Lemkow and Crocetti’s (1958) estimate that between 14 and 20 of every 1, 000 children born will be hospitalized in a mental institution within their lifetime. Recent attention has also been focused on the possibility that a large percentage of the presenting physical health problems may be affected by and related to psychological factors.
Leakage Rejection in Beam-Switched CW Radars

This paper is directed to the problem of transmitter-receiver leakage rejection in CW and FMCW radars which employ stepped-scanning antennas. An IF carrier-elimination filter has been devised and analyzed which provides leakage-rejection capabilities limited only by leakage variations during stationary beam positions. Leakage rejection is provided by coherently reducing the signal to zero IF, rejecting the leakage components by a combination synchronous switch and high-pass filter, and remodulation onto a second IF carrier. The filter operates in a linear manner. Positive and negative senses of Doppler signals are retained. The spectrum of the input signal is faithfully reproduced in the output with the exception of a sharp notch at the input carrier frequency. In one configuration, the minimum notch bandwidth is limited by the on-time of each beam, and is approximately equal to one-half the reciprocal of this on-time. A more complex arrangement removes this restriction, permitting a minimum notch width which is limited only by the cutoff frequency of a high-pass RC filter. The simpler configuration has been used with the AN/APN-118 Doppler Navigation Radar, a system which was developed under contract with the U. S. Signal Corps, Fort Monmouth, N. J., by the Sperry Gyroscope Company.
Large simultaneous band gaps for photonic and phononic crystal slabs

We show the existence of simultaneous frequency band gaps for both photons and phonons in a slab of silicon with a periodic arrangement of cylindrical holes perpendicular to the slab surface with different lattice geometries. The advantages and disadvantages of different lattice structures for integration of photonic and phononic crystal functionalities will be discussed.
An empirical examination of the complex relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder support

Purpose – This paper seeks to integrate stakeholder theory with the entrepreneurial orientation literature to explore relationships between distinct entrepreneurial behaviors and support from stakeholders with divergent interests.Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study in the non‐profit professional theatre industry examines how relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder support evolve over time. A series of regression analyses examine how support from diverse stakeholders influences entrepreneurial behaviors and, subsequently, how those entrepreneurial behaviors influence future stakeholder support.Findings – The findings support a multi‐dimensional conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation, point to tensions inherent in satisfying multiple stakeholder demands, and illustrate that different stakeholders support entrepreneurial behaviors in unique and sometimes unexpected ways. The findings offer insight into the complex balancing act that entrepreneurial managers ...
Tikhonov regularized Poisson likelihood estimation: theoretical justification and a computational method

The noise contained in images collected by a charge coupled device camera is predominantly of Poisson type. This motivates the use of the negative logarithm of the Poisson likelihood in place of the ubiquitous least squares fit-to-data. However if the underlying mathematical model is assumed to have the form z = Au, where A is a linear, compact operator, Poisson likelihood estimation is ill-posed, and hence some form of regularization is required. In Bardsley, J.M. and Vogel, C.R., 2004, A nonnegatively constrained convex programming method for image reconstruction. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 25(4), pp. 1326–1343, a numerical method is presented and analyzed for Tikhonov regularized Poisson likelihood estimation, but no theoretical justification of the approach is given. Our primary objective in this article is to provide such a theoretical justification. We then briefly present the computational method of Bardsley, J.M. and Vogel, C.R., 2004, A nonnegatively constrained convex programming meth...
Relationship of arousals from sleep to sympathetic nervous system activity and BP in obstructive sleep apnea.

Study objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have a high frequency of arousals. We hypothesized that arousals significantly influence tonic sympathetic nervous system function. Design We examined the association of 11 variables measuring sympathetic activity, including plasma norepinephrine (NE), urinary NE, and BP measurements, with movement and cortical arousals. Patients Sixty-seven subjects with various degrees of hypertension and OSA were evaluated. All patients were free from antihypertensive medications. Results The age (range, 35 to 60 years), weight (range, 100 to 150% of ideal body weight), and diet of the subjects were similar. The movement arousal index was correlated with daytime baseline plasma NE (BNE), daytime urine NE, mean daytime diastolic BP, and systolic BP during rapid eye movement sleep (r = 0.39 to 0.53; p ≤ 0.002). Cortical arousals did not correlate with any of the variables. A multiple regression procedure was performed to examine how well movement arousals predicted those variables with significant correlations. The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and nighttime pulse oxyhemoglobin saturation were included in the regression equation due to their close association with movement arousals. Movement arousals independently predicted BNE (t [48] = 2.06; p Conclusions These findings suggest that movement arousals may influence daytime sympathetic tone independently of RDI and nighttime saturation.
Exílio massivo, inclusão e exclusão política no século XX

Due to the strategies implemented by post-Independence Ibero-American states to curtail political participation, exile was mainly reserved as a privilege for ostracized members of the elite, who drew on their support networks in the process. The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed a process of "mass exile", expressed by a growing number of exiles from different social classes, excluded due to their participation in politics and public spheres. The expansion of institutional exclusion spawned solidarity networks and increasing attention by the international community towards politics in the exiles' home countries. Old domestic political issues found a transnational echo, based on a growing concern over human rights violations and political persecution. This process produced a radical transformation in the structure, impact, and functioning of political exile from Ibero-American countries.
Functional Activity of Ectopically Expressed Estrogen Receptor Is Not Sufficient for Estrogen-mediated Cyclin D1 Expression

Estrogen receptor function can drive cyclin D1 expression and proliferation in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Recent studies showing that estrogen receptor-positive epithelial cells in the human mammary gland are nonproliferative suggest that the direct mitogenic effect of estrogen on mammary epithelial cells may be acquired during breast cancer development. Because estrogen-dependent cyclin D1 expression has been linked to its mitogenicity, we characterized the ability of estrogen to regulate cyclin D1 expression in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and nontransformed human keratinocytes (HaCaT) stably expressing the estrogen receptor. In both cases, estrogen receptor function did not induce cyclin D1 expression. Although MCF-7 cells respond to estrogen by inducing the AP-1 family components c-Fos and c-Jun, HaCaT cells expressing estrogen receptor do not. These results may explain the lack of estrogen-dependent cyclin D1 expression and proliferation in cells ectopically expressing the estrogen receptor. Therefore, estrogen receptor function alone is not sufficient for estrogen-dependent cyclin D1 expression and proliferation. Other transcriptional cofactors that allow estrogen receptor to induce expression of AP-1 may be required for estrogen to act as a mitogen.
Why Should Small Businesses Care about Employee Diversity? Five Areas of Research that Influence Organizational Results

With the demographic changes that are rapidly occurring, it is important to understand the research that informs practice. In this article I review the pertinent research literature in regards to diversity along with the implications to organizations. Specifically, research has indicated that businesses have the potential to be influenced in five major areas by changing demographics of workers. Research pertaining to communication, creativity, recruitment, persuasion, and turnover amongst diverse employees is examined.
High levels of retinal membrane docosahexaenoic acid increase susceptibility to stress-induced degeneration

The fat-1 gene cloned from C. elegans encodes an n-3 fatty acid desaturase that converts n-6 to n-3 PUFA. Mice carrying the fat-1 transgene and wild-type controls were fed an n-3-deficient/n-6-enriched diet [fat-1- safflower oil (SFO) and wt-SFO, respectively]. Fatty acid profiles of rod outer segments (ROS), cerebellum, plasma, and liver demonstrated significantly lower n-6/n-3 ratios and higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in fat-1-SFO compared with wt-SFO. When mice were exposed to light stress: 1) the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was reduced; 2) amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG) were lower; 3) the number of apoptotic photoreceptor cells was greater; and 4) modification of retinal proteins by 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), an end-product of n-3 PUFA oxidation was increased in both fat-1-SFO and wt mice fed a regular lab chow diet compared with wt-SFO. The results indicate a positive correlation between the level of DHA, the degree of n-3 PUFA lipid peroxidation, and the vulnerability of the retina to photooxidative stress. In mice not exposed to intense light, the reduction in DHA resulted in reduced efficacy in phototransduction gain steps, while no differences in the retinal morphology or retinal biochemistry. These results highlight the dual roles of DHA in cellular physiology and pathology.
A simple all-optical light switch and its relations to optical computing: a demonstration for teaching photonics

The authors discuss how a simple and inexpensive all-optical light switch can be built for teaching and demonstrating photonics in a classroom or for undergraduate lab experiments. The discussion of this readily understandable device will familiarize the student with the similarities and differences between photonics and electronics. As an example, the authors consider how this device relates to all-optical computing circuits, promoting a comparison between electronic and optical integrated circuits. >
Further results on computer recognition on nonverbal speech using enhanced hidden Markov modeling

To improve the performance of computer recognition of nonverbal speech, an enhanced procedure is developed. A case study is reported to test performance. Experimental data indicate that the performance of recognition with the clipping approach is improved compared with the normal HMM approach, apparently due to the fact that the clipping procedure eliminates some irregularity in CP speech by assigning a unique VQ symbol in transition regions. This process relatively increases statistical information about 'uncertainty' in speech and reduces variability of speech. However, the obvious drawback of this approach is that for large vocabularies, ambiguity is likely to result among phonetically similar words. >
3-D seismic imaging and interpretation of Brushy Canyon slope and basin thin‐bed reservoirs, northwest Delaware Basin

A study was done at Nash Draw field, Eddy County, New Mexico, to demonstrate how engineering, drilling, geologic, geophysical, and petrophysical technologies should be integrated to improve oil recovery from Brushy Canyon reservoirs at depths of approximately 6600 ft (2000 m) on the northwest slope of the Delaware basin. These thin‐bed reservoirs were deposited in a slope‐basin environment by a mechanism debated by researchers, a common model being turbidite deposition. In this paper, we describe how state‐of‐the‐art 3-D seismic data were acquired, interpreted, integrated with other reservoir data, and then used to improve the sitting of in‐field wells and to provide facies parameters for reservoir simulation across this complex depositional system. The 3-D seismic field program was an onshore subsalt imaging effort because the Ochoan Rustler/Salado, a high‐velocity salt/anhydrite section, extended from the surface to a depth of approximately 3000 ft (900 m) across the entire study area. The primary imagi...
Interactions Between Ankyrin-G, Plakophilin-2, and Connexin43 at the Cardiac Intercalated Disc

Rationale:The early description of the intercalated disc defined 3 structures, all of them involved in cell-cell communication: desmosomes, gap junctions, and adherens junctions. Current evidence demonstrates that molecules not involved in providing a physical continuum between cells also populate the intercalated disc. Key among them is the voltage-gated sodium channel complex. An important component of this complex is the cytoskeletal adaptor protein Ankyrin-G (AnkG). Objective:To test the hypothesis that AnkG partners with desmosome and gap junction molecules and exerts a functional effect on intercellular communication in the heart. Methods and Results:We used a combination of microscopy, immunochemistry, patch-clamp, and optical mapping to assess the interactions between AnkG, Plakophilin-2, and Connexin43. Coimmunoprecipitation studies from rat heart lysate demonstrated associations between the 3 molecules. With the use of siRNA technology, we demonstrated that loss of AnkG expression caused signifi...
Structure learning of Bayesian networks using a semantic genetic algorithm-based approach

A Bayesian network model is a popular technique for data mining due to its intuitive interpretation. This paper presents a semantic genetic algorithm (SGA) to learn a complete qualitative structure of a Bayesian network from a database. SGA builds on recent advances in the field and focuses on the generation of initial population, crossover, and mutation operators. Particularly, we introduce two semantic crossover and mutation operators that aid in faster convergence of the SGA. The crossover and mutation operators in SGA incorporate the semantic of the Bayesian network structures to learn the structure with very minimal errors. SGA has been proved to perform better than existing classical genetic algorithms for learning Bayesian networks. We present empirical results to prove the fast convergence of SGA and the predictive power of the obtained Bayesian network structures.
Direct immunofluorescence testing results in cases of premalignant and malignant oral lesions

Objectives Oral premalignant and malignant lesions may mimic oral lichen planus (OLP) clinically and microscopically. OLP often shows basement membrane fibrinogen positivity on direct immunofluorescence testing (DIF). This study examined fibrinogen positivity in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Study Design The University of Florida Oral Pathology Biopsy Service records were searched for the years 2003 to 2013 for oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma with concurrent DIF testing. Demographic, clinical, and DIF or histologic information was collected and analyzed. Results Sixty-eight fibrinogen positive lesions were identified within a total of 164 cases. Low-grade dysplasia and premalignant verrucous lesions made up the majority of the fibrinogen positive lesions (combined n = 43; 63.2%), and the most common locations in positive cases were the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. A lichenoid distribution of the inflammatory infiltrate significantly predicted fibrinogen positivity (P Conclusions Fibrinogen positivity may be seen in premalignant and malignant oral lesions increasing the risk of misdiagnosis.
Pharmacoeconomic Research and Clinical Trials: Concepts and Issues

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the emerging discipline of pharmacoeconomics. Specific methodologies and terms are defined. Pharmacoeconomic research is described, related to, and contrasted with clinical drug trials. Additionally, we present a brief overview of the general steps taken designing a pharmacoeconomic study. Finally, several issues centering around pharmacoeconomic analysis are presented for discussion and debate. The need for high-quality pharmacoeconomic research is stressed along with the need for appropriate education of individuals trained in the health sciences.
Determination of gaseous fission product yields from 14 MeV neutron induced fission of 238 U at the National Ignition Facility

We determined fission yields of xenon (133mXe, 135Xe, 135mXe, 137Xe, 138Xe, and 139Xe) resulting from 14 MeV neutron induced fission of depleted uranium at the National Ignition Facility. Measurements begin approximately 20 s after shot time, and yields have been determined for nuclides with half-lives as short as tens of seconds. We determined the relative independent yields of 133mXe, 135Xe, and 135mXe to significantly higher precision than previously reported. The relative fission yields of all nuclides are statistically indistinguishable from values reported by England and Rider (ENDF-349. LA-UR-94-3106, 1994), with exception of the cumulative yield of 139Xe. Considerable differences exist between our measured yields and the JEFF-3.1 database values.
Panel Commentary Twenty-Five Years: The Future of Affirmative Action

In a recent issue of Howard Law School's 'The Jurist', Richard Delgado suggested that a Nobel Prize should be awarded to the legal scholar or social scientist that discovers how “racial relations” in America consistently replicate to produce racial inequality like the genetic code that enables organisms to replicate. Certainly Professors Kevin Brown,Leland Ware, and John Valery White are contenders for such a prize. The panel presentations and articles by Professors Brown, Ware, and White support the outcome of Grutter v. Bollinger as consistent with the racial justice agenda set fifty years ago for the judiciary in Brown v.Board of Education. Yet all three raise several intriguing questions about affirmative action and critiques of the Court's decision making methodology.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma mimicking colon carcinoma: an unusual presentation and review of the literature.

A 72-year-old woman presented to outpatient clinic with fatigue, light-headedness, dyspnoea and dark stool suggestive of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. She was previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma and completed 9 cycles of chemotherapy with bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone. She had very good partial response. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed a 9 cm mass at the hepatic flexure of the large intestine with an apple core deformity causing a marked narrowing of the lumen. Colonoscopy confirmed a large, nearly obstructing ulcerative mass in the distal right colon. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy, distal ileal resection and lymph node dissection. Histopathology confirmed the mass as a plasmacytoma. Postoperatively, the patient was started with bortezomib and liposomal doxorubicin followed by carfilzomib. She showed excellent response to the chemotherapy.
What Can the Defense Attorney Say at a 'Pre-Formal Charge' Press Conference?: Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada Puts a Porous Gag on Trial Lawyers

The role of the criminal trial lawyer is to advocate zealously on behalf of the client, a job that the defense attorney may find more of a challenge than the prosecutor does. The defendant may be caught in a whirlwind event that is broadcast on television and sensationalized in newspapers. After the press has printed the details of the investigation and exposed the client’s personal life, the defense attorney is left to wonder if a fair trial is possible. The fair-trial press debate is not a new one, nor is it likely to be resolved in the near future. This article discusses the rules and standards governing attorney speech in the media. The article then discusses Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada, which involved Dominic P. Gentile, a criminal defense attorney from Las Vegas who published articles on criminal law. The article discusses how the United States Supreme Court failed to the opportunity presented in Gentile to clarify the confusing, vague and sometimes conflicting set of rules governing extrajudicial statements.
Methods and resources to increase student interest in governmental accounting

Coverage of governmental accounting is typically light within both accounting and public administration programs, and instructors generally do not have access to the same number of resources that they may find for courses which have been ingrained in their curricula for decades. Hence, it can be difficult for instructors to create or maintain student interest in governmental accounting without such resources. The purpose of this paper is to examine how instructors can emphasize relevance to increase the interest level of students in governmental accounting and to discuss how current resources and various pedagogical tools may be used as facilitators.
Can Vascular Injury be Appropriately Assessed With Physical Examination After Knee Dislocation

Background Knee dislocations are rare injuries with potentially devastating vascular complications. An expeditious and accurate diagnosis is necessary, as failing to diagnose vascular injury can result in amputation; however, the best diagnostic approach remains controversial.
“AbroGATAed” human NK cell development

In this issue of Blood , Mace et al from the Orange laboratory define a role for the GATA2 transcription factor in human natural killer (NK) cell development and function, highlighting how the study of human disease leads to new insights into normal immunobiology.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Impact
ALD Zn(O,S) Thin Films' Interfacial Chemical and Structural Configuration Probed by XAS.

The ability to precisely control interfaces of atomic layer deposited (ALD) zinc oxysulfide (Zn(O,S)) buffer layers to other layers allows precise tuning of solar cell performance. The O K- and S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of ∼2–4 nm thin Zn(O,S) films reveals the chemical and structural influences of their interface with ZnO, a common electrode material and diffusion barrier in solar cells. We observe that sulfate formation at oxide/sulfide interfaces is independent of film composition, a result of sulfur diffusion toward interfaces. Leveraging sulfur’s diffusivity, we propose an alternative ALD process in which the zinc precursor pulse is bypassed during H2S exposure. Such a process yields similar results to the nanolaminate deposition method and highlights mechanistic differences between ALD sulfides and oxides. By identifying chemical species and structural evolution at sulfide/oxide interfaces, this work provides insights into increasing thin film solar cell efficiencies.
The Transformation of Western Legal Philosophy in Lutheran Germany

The sixteenth-century Lutheran Reformation catalyzed immense and far-reaching changes in both church and state and in both religious and secular ideas. This Article investigates the rise of early modern Lutheran legal philosophy, premised on Martin Luther’s complex new two kingdoms theory with its new dualistic understanding of human nature, human knowledge, human society, and human laws. The Article analyzes Luther’s own significant contributions to understandings of authority and liberty, conscience, and command, Biblical and natural laws. It also studies closely the intricate new legal and political philosophies developed by moral philosopher Philip Melanchthon and jurist, Johann Oldendorp. Melanchthon drew classical philosophy, Roman law, canon law, and the new Lutheran theology into a sweeping new theory of natural law, positive law, the uses of law, and the interactions among public, private, and penal law. These same topics dominated the work of Oldendorp, who added an important innovative theory of Christian equity, which was to be used in legislation, administration, and adjudication alike. The themes and contents of this early Article were greatly expanded and revised in the author’s later book: Law and Protestantism: The Legal Teachings of the Lutheran Reformation (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
The status of the genus Pseudoroseovarius Sun et al. 2015.

The results of phylogenetic analyses of the genera Aliiroseovarius Park et al. 2015 and Pseudoroseovarius Sun et al. 2015 and comparison of the phenotypic features of their members showed that these genera should be united. Based on nomenclatural priority of the genus Aliiroseovarius , it is proposed to reclassify Pseudoroseovarius crassostreae as a later homotypic synonym of Aliiroseovarius crassostreae , Pseudoroseovarius halocynthiae as a later homotypic synonym of Aliiroseovarius halocynthiae , Pseudoroseovarius sediminilitoris as a later homotypic synonym of Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris and Pseudoroseovarius zhejiangensis as Aliiroseovarius zhejiangensis comb. nov.
Battery Relevant Electrochemistry of Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4: Contrasting Contributions from the Redox Chemistries of Ag+ and Fe3+

Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 is an example of an electrochemical displacement material which contains two different electrochemically active metal cations, where one cation (Ag+) forms metallic silver nanoparticles external to the crystals of Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 via an electrochemical reduction displacement reaction, while the other cation (Fe3+) is electrochemically reduced with the retention of iron cations within the anion structural framework concomitant with lithium insertion. These contrasting redox chemistries within one pure cathode material enable high rate capability and reversibility when Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 is employed as cathode material in a lithium ion battery (LIB). Further, pyrophosphate materials are thermally and electrically stable, desirable attributes for cathode materials in LIBs. In this paper, a bimetallic pyrophosphate material Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 is synthesized and confirmed to be a single phase by Rietveld refinement. Electrochemistry of Ag7Fe3(P2O7)4 is reported for the first time in the context of lithium ba...
Patterns of Transposable Element Expression and Insertion in Cancer.

Human transposable element (TE) activity in somatic tissues causes mutations that can contribute to tumorigenesis. Indeed, TE insertion mutations have been implicated in the etiology of a number of different cancer types. Nevertheless, the full extent of somatic TE activity, along with its relationship to tumorigenesis, have yet to be fully explored. Recent developments in bioinformatics software make it possible to analyze TE expression levels and TE insertional activity directly from transcriptome (RNA-seq) and whole genome (DNA-seq) next-generation sequence data. We applied these new sequence analysis techniques to matched normal and primary tumor patient samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in order to analyze the patterns of TE expression and insertion for three cancer types: breast invasive carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. Our analysis focused on the three most abundant families of active human TEs: Alu, SVA and L1. We found evidence for high levels of somatic TE activity for these three families in normal and cancer samples across diverse tissue types. Abundant transcripts for all three TE families were detected in both normal and cancer tissues along with an average of ~80 unique TE insertions per individual patient/tissue. We observed an increase in L1 transcript expression and L1 insertional activity in primary tumor samples for all three cancer types. Tumor-specific TE insertions are enriched for private mutations, consistent with a potentially causal role in tumorigenesis. We used genome feature analysis to investigate two specific cases of putative cancer-causing TE mutations in further detail. An Alu insertion in an upstream enhancer of the CBL tumor suppressor gene is associated with down-regulation of the gene in a single breast cancer patient, and an L1 insertion in the first exon of the BAALC gene also disrupts its expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our results are consistent with widespread somatic activity of human TEs leading to numerous insertion mutations that can contribute to tumorigenesis in a variety of tissues.
Solutions to Painleve III and other nonlinear equations by a generalized Cole–Hopf transformation

In this paper, we introduce a generalized form of Cole-Hopf transformation and apply it to find new closed-form (analytic) solutions to Painleve III equation. The same transformation is used then to find analytic solutions for the van der Pol and other nonlinear convective equations. These solutions provide analytic insights to some practical problems and might be used also to test the accuracy of numerical solutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.