cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of age and simulated flight performance.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between age and aviator performance on a flight simulator. DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 100 aviators aged 50 to 69 (mean = 58) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pilots were tested on a Frasca 141 flight simulator (Urbana, IL), linked to a UNIXbased IRIS 4D computer (Silicon Graphics, Mountain View, CA), which both generated graphics of the environment in which the pilots flew and collected data concerning the aircraft's flight conditions. RESULTS: We found that increased age was significantly associated with decreased aviator performance on a flight simulator. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a significant relationship between increased age and decreased aviator performance, age explained 22% or less of the variance of performance on different flight tasks; hence, other factors are also important in explaining the performance of older pilots.
The isotope effect and the influence of interstitial impurities on the hydrogen solubility limit in niobium and vanadium

The solubility limits for hydrogen and deuterium in niobium were determined resistometrically between 175 and 280°K before and after purification of the niobium by ultra-high vacuum treatment. No isotope effect was observed; neither was an interstitial impurity effect detected in the low concentration range studied. The solubility limits for hydrogen in vanadium were measured at temperatures between 230 and 325°K before and after additions of oxygen greater than 1000 at. ppm. Large concentrations of solute oxygen increase the apparent solubility limit for hydrogen in vanadium.
A channel-by-channel method of reducing the errors associated with peak area integration

Abstract A new method of reducing the errors associated with peak area integration has been developed. This method utilizes the signal content of each channel as an estimate of the overall peak area. These individual estimates can then be weighted according to the precision with which each estimate is known, producing an overall area estimate. Experimental measurements were performed on a small peak sitting on a large background, and the results compared to those obtained from a commercial software program. Results showed a marked decrease in the spread of results around the “true” value (obtained by counting for a long period of time), and a reduction in the statistical uncertainty associated with the peak area.
Comparative ototoxicity of gentamicin in the guinea pig and two strains of rats.

Abstract Gentamicin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity were compared in two strains of rats. Sprague-Dawley and Fisher-344, and in the Hartley albino guinea pig. Treatment groups consisting of 8 male rats of each strain and four male guinea pigs were dosed subcutaneously for 14 days with either 80 or 100 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate in saline. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) thresholds were recorded from each animal in each group on day 11 post-administration. Blood urea-nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured in blood obtained on day 11 post-administration as measures of nephrotoxicity. Kidney weight/body weight ratios were also determined. Loss of sensory hair cells was observed in the basal region of the organ of Corti from all animals treated with 100 mg/kg of gentamicin. The hair cell loss and BAER threshold elevations were greatest in the guinea pigs. Fisher-344 rats showed more extensive hair cell loss and greater BAER threshold elevations than Sprague-Dawley rats. The Fisher-344 rats exhibited increased blood urea-nitrogen and kidney weight/body weight ratios. Sprague-Dawleys did not suffer any nephrotoxic effects. These data indicate that the Fisher-344 rat is a useful animal in which to study aminoglycoside ototoxicity as it exhibits both functional and morphological changes after gentamicin administration.
Carbon-carbon bond activation via formal β-methyl-elimination from [η5-6,6-dimethylcyclohexadienyl)Ru(DPPE)(CH2Cl2)]PF6

Abstract Carbon-carbon bond activation has been observed through a formal β-methyl elimination from a 6,6-dimethylcyclohexadienyl (dmCh) ligand. Reflux of an EtOH solution of RuCl 3 · 3H 2 O, (dmCh)H (15 equiv.), and Zn dust (15 equiv.) afforded (dmCh) 2 Ru ( 1 , 65–77%). Protonation of 1 with HBF 4 · Et 2 O in either provided [(dmCh) 2 RuH][BF 4 ] ( 2 ) in 77% yield; NMR spectra were consistent with either a terminal hydride or rapidly equilibrated agostic ground-state structure. Addition of CH 3 CN to 2 , or protonation of 1 in CH 3 CN, gave [( η 5 -dmCh)Ru(NCCH 3 ) 3 ][BF 4 ] ( 3 , 70%). Treatment of 3 with 2.0 equiv. PMe 3 or 1.0 equiv. dppe produced [(dmCh)RuL 2 (NCCH 3 )][BF 4 ] ( 4 , L = PMe 3 ; 5 , L = dppe), which were poor precursors to halide derivatives. Treatment of 1 with 12 M aqueous HCl in acetone generated [(dmCh)RuCl] n ( 6 ) in 55% yield. Addition of excess norbornadiene to 6 in hexane yielded (dmCh)Ru(NBD)Cl ( 7 , 90%), which proved to be a ready precursor to (dmCh)RuL 2 Cl ( 8 , L = PMe 3 , 90%; 9 , L 2 = dppe, 53%) upon addition of the appropriate phosphine. Chloride abstraction from 8 with TlPF 6 afforded numerous [(dmCh)Ru(PMe 3 ) 2 (solvent)]PF 6 [( 10 -solvent), solvent = CD 2 Cl 2 , CD 3 NO 2 , THF, 2-Me-THF] derivatives, but β-methyl elimination was not observed in subsequent thermolyses. A similar chloride abstraction from 9 produced [(dmCh)Ru(dppe)(CD 2 Cl 2 )]PF 6 ([ 11 -CD 2 Cl 2 ]PF 6 ); thermolysis of 11 -CD 2 Cl 2 at 91°C for 12 h generated [( η 6 -C 7 H 8 )Ru(dppe)(CH 3 )]PF 6 ( 12 ), presumably via the coordinatively unsaturated precursor, [(dmCh)Ru(dppe)]PF 6 ([ 11 ]PF 6 ). The molecularity of the β-methyl elimination pathway remained elusive. Addition of 1.0 equiv. of [Cp 2 Fe][PF 6 ] to 1 in CD 3 CN gave 3 -PF 6 , while oxidation in CD 2 Cl 2 provided [(dmCh)Ru( η 6 -toluene)]PF 6 ( 13 -PF 6 ); cyclic voltammetry pinpointed the irreversible oxidation at ±0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl in THF. Three critical factors are responsible for β-methyl elimination from [ 11 ]PF 6 : (1) coordinative/electronic unsaturation; (2) the compatability of ruthenium to both dmCh (precursor) and toluene (product) ligation; (3) an orbital with directionality appropriate to accept the migrating methyl group.
Uptake of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by isolated rat and hamster hepatocytes: species differences and evidence for an active carrier-mediated transport process

The rates of uptake of the carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) by hepatocytes isolated from Fischer rats and Syrian hamsters were determined in order to investigate species differences in cellular transport of the carcinogen. Initial rates of uptake of [1-14C]BOP by hepatocytes were measured using a rapid centrifugation technique. At cell densities from 1.5 to 6 x 10(6) cells/ml, initial rates of uptake were as much as 4-fold more rapid in hamster hepatocytes than in those of the rat. The cell/medium distribution ratio for hamster hepatocytes reached a value of 9.0 after a 20-min incubation with an extracellular BOP concentration of 20 microM. Under the same conditions, the cell/medium distribution ratio for rat hepatocytes was only 2.4. These results indicated that BOP uptake proceeded against a concentration gradient and was more rapid in hamster hepatocytes. In both species, the rates of uptake were saturable with increasing concentration (2-685 microM) and displayed biphasic kinetics characteristic of high-affinity (Km less than 20 microM) and low-affinity (Km greater than 30 microM) processes for the uptake of BOP. Evidence for the involvement of an ATP-dependent active carrier-mediated transport process was obtained from experiments in which hepatocytes were preincubated with metabolic inhibitors. Significant inhibition of uptake was observed in the presence of KCN, carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone, antimycin A, oligomycin and other agents which interfere with electron transport or ATP generation. Based on the reduction in uptake rates, rat hepatocytes were more sensitive to the effects of these inhibitors. These results suggest that the entry of BOP into hepatocytes is under cellular regulation and that the more rapid rate of uptake in liver cells of the hamster may be one factor responsible for the observation that BOP is a more potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen in this species.
Medical review of prescribing

Abstract Evaluation of prescribing was carried out to help define areas for useful action by hospital staffs in maintaining desirable standards of therapy. Prescription screening identified certain practices which may be of concern but chart review is a more satisfactory way of determining suitability of therapy. Since qualified reviewers may disagree, planning of evaluations should take this into account by getting more than one opinion and by defining criteria for judgment. Evaluation of drug therapy is important in the context of the growing concern with costs of drugs in medical care, the difficulties faced by doctors in selecting from a wide variety of highly promoted medications, and the problems of adopting hospital pharmacy practices to therapy needs.
Biology and conservation of the Quetzal

Abstract A three-months expedition to Guatemala (mid-March to mid-June 1968) investigated the biology and conservational needs of the local race of the Quetzal, Pharomacrus mocinno mocinno , Trogonidae, perhaps the most beautiful bird on earth. Two main study areas were used—one on the Pacific slope of Volcano Atitlan and a higher one at around 3,100 m in the Cuchumatanes Mountains. Heavy Rainfall and the birds' wary nature and lofty situations made observations difficult. Protective devices such as colour, vocalizations, and movements, including perching and lengthy surveillance of the environs, are described. Remarks on Quetzal feeding and drinking in the upper strata of the forest are included. A territory of some 305 m radius from the nest-tree was estimated for each breeding pair, with a home range of 6–10 ha, at site Atitlan. Ten nests at this site, always in the moraceous tree Brosimum costaricanum , were studied in detail. One nest was found at site Cuchumatanes in a dead ‘White Pine’. Holes are carved or deepened by breeding birds, and this activity may play a part in the reproductive cycle. An account is given of the timing and dates of egg-laying, incubation, and care of nestlings. Predation and natural damage to nest-trees are discussed. Limiting factors include scarcity and poor condition of nest-trees, damage to them by natural phenomena, human interference and decimation of the habitat, felling of ‘honey-trees’ in the cloud-forest, and possible limited food supply. Mortality factors include human activity through poaching and trapping, lack of conservation and law enforcement, use of Quetzals for primitive Indian customs, and natural destruction of nests or predation of chicks. The predictable values of conservation measures to the species and its habitat are outlined, and several suggestions are made for an effective management programme. The species is considered by the authors to be rare and endangered, and the urgent need for an international conservation campaign to save it is stressed.
Integration of the yeast retrovirus-like element Ty3 upstream of a human tRNA gene expressed in yeast

The retrovirus-like element Ty3 of Saccharomyces cerevisae integrates into the yeast genomic DNA in a position specific manner. Ty3 integrates within 1-2 base pairs of the site of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III. The human tRNA(Lys)3 gene was used as a target for transposition in a plasmid-based assay to determine whether Ty3 integration can be targeted to a human tRNA gene. Each transposition event observed was adjacent to the site of initiation of transcription of the human tRNA gene. Therefore, heterologous tRNA genes can serve as targets for Ty3 in yeast. This is a first step toward development of a system for targeted integrations in heterologous organisms.
Raffinose crystallization during freeze-drying and its impact on recovery of protein activity.

Purpose. To study i) phase transitions in raffinose solution in the frozen state and during freeze-drying and ii) evaluate the impact of raffinose crystallization on the recovery of protein activity in reconstituted lyophiles.
Vitamin D: Implications for ocular disease and therapeutic potential

Vitamin D is a multifunctional hormone that is now known to play a significant role in a variety of biological functions in addition to its traditional role in regulating calcium homeostasis. There are a large number of studies demonstrating that adequate vitamin D levels are important in maintaining health and show that vitamin D is able to be utilized at local tissue sites. In the eye, we have increasing evidence of the association between disease and vitamin D. In this narrative review, we summarize recent findings on vitamin D and its relationship to various ocular pathologies and the therapeutic potential for some of these, as well as examine the basic science studies that demonstrate that vitamin D is biologically relevant in the eye.
A stochastic model of TCP and fair video transmission

A stochastic model of TCP is developed. Unlike many other models, this model accounts for variations in latency and loss probability. A major strength of this model is that it easily produces the probability distribution of the congestion window. Thus, the mean as well as the median and percentiles can be found. It is shown that the mean congestion window can be far larger than the median. Other new insights include the effect of the rate of change of the latency on the performance of TCP. Specifically, this model predicts the well-known TCP-friendly formula only if the round-trip time rapidly varies. However, if the round-trip time does not vary quickly, then the TCP-friendly formula may not hold. Both rapidly and slowly varying round-trip times have been observed in real networks. As an application of the model, the question as to when a video can be fairly transmitted is addressed. If it is possible to transmit the video, the model yields the distribution of the size of the receiving buffer required to avoid underflow. Since the distribution can be found, it is possible to select a buffer size so that a specified percentage of users will view the video without interruption.
Potentiating Ballistic Limb Movements through Voluntary Production of the Stretch-Shorten Cycle

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of learning to produce voluntarily a basic biomechanical mechanism, the stretch-shorten cycle (SSC), on the acceleration of a ballistic arm movement. The task required an elbow flexion at maximal effort performed with the forearm resting upon a horizontal manipulandum. Subjects in three groups received either no augmented feedback, feedback concerning the velocity of the flexion, or a combination of feedback on velocity and feedback related to the rate of stretch of the SSC during 80 training trials. The training trials were preceded by a pretest and followed by a posttest without feedback. Analyses showed that the subjects receiving feedback concerning the SSC exhibited earlier and greater peak angular acceleration than the other groups. These findings provide evidence that acquiring the control of relevant, basic mechanisms like the SSC may be useful in facilitating tasks requiring limb movements of maximal effort.
Ectopic Cervical Thyroid Carcinoma—Review of the Literature with Illustrative Case Series

Context: More than 99% of thyroid cancers arise eutopically within the thyroid gland. The most frequent sites of ectopic thyroid tissue are lingual, sublingual, thyroglossal, laryngotracheal, and lateral cervical. Thyroid tissue can also be found in remote structures that were associated with the thyroid anlage during development, including the esophagus, mediastinum, heart, aorta, adrenal, pancreas, gallbladder, and skin. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be subject to the same pathological processes as normal eutopic thyroid tissue such as inflammation, hyperplasia, and tumorigenesis. The aim of this review is to describe aspects of thyroid cancer arising from the ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck in regard to epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment and to present an illustrative series of cases of ectopic thyroid cancer. Data Acquisition: We have searched the PubMed database for articles including the keywords “ectopic thyroid cancer” published between January 1, 1960, and January 1, 2011. As references, we u...
Multicode ultra-wideband scheme using chirp waveforms

We propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) scheme that employs chirp waveforms. Signals satisfying the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirements for UWB applications are formed by using multiple linear frequency-modulated (chirped) waveforms. This scheme has the merits of both the multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) UWB scheme such as continuous-wave transmission, and the pulsed UWB scheme, such as accurate timing, imaging capabilities, and rich frequency diversity. Another advantage unique to the proposed scheme is that completely passive, low-cost implementation of matched filters/correlators using surface acoustic wave devices is possible, whereas OFDM-UWB must rely on high-speed sampling combined with powerful digital signal processing. We present the details of chirp waveforms for UWB signaling, explore the correlation properties of the multicodes, and study the receiver structures. We also derive the error performance of the proposed scheme in indoor lognormal fading environments and discuss issues with the proposed scheme.
Proposal of MPI Operation Level Checkpoint/Rollback and One Implementation

With the increasing number of processors in modern HPC(High Performance Computing) systems, there are two emergent problems to solve. One is scalability, the other is fault tolerance. In our previous work, we extended the MPI specification on handling fault tolerance by specifying a systematic framework for the recovery methods, communicator, message modes etc. that define the behavior of MPI in case an error occurs. These extensions not only specify how the implementation of the MPI library and RTE (Run Time Environment) handle failures at the system level, but provide the normal HPC application developers with various recovery choices with varying performance and cost. In this paper, we continue the work on extending the MPIs capability in this direction. Firstly, we are proposing an MPI operation level checkpoint/rollback library to recover the users data. More importantly, we argue that the future generation programming model of a fault tolerant MPI application should be recover-and-continue against the more traditional stop-and-restart model. Recover-and-continue means that in case an error occurs, we just re-spawn the failed processes. All the remaining living processes stay in their original processors mapping on memory. The main benefits of recover-and-continue are much less cost for system recovery and the opportunity of employing in-memory checkpoint/ rollback techniques. Compared with stable or local disk techniques, which are the only choices for stop-andrestart, doubtlessly, the in-memory approach significantly reduces the performance penalty in checkpoint/rollback. Additionally, it makes it possible to establish a concurrent multiple level checkpoint/ rollback framework. With the progress of our work, a picture of the hierarchy of future generation fault tolerant HPC system will be gradually unveiled.
Behavioral changes mediated by hunger in honeybees infected with Nosema ceranae

The microsporidian Nosema is a common honeybee pathogen which enters the adult bee orally and multiplies in its gut, imposing a metabolic demand on its host. The newly discovered Nosema ceranae, given its relatively new association with the European honeybee, is likely to be particularly severe in this regard. We therefore hypothesized that N. ceranae exerts a significant effect on the feeding behavior of infected bees. Results from our experiments support this idea, revealing that infected bees are more responsive to sucrose and are less inclined to share this food with other bees, suggesting that they have a higher hunger level. We argue that increased hunger in the host is a general physiological effect of a number of pathogenic infections and due to its effect on host behavior could act as a mechanism by which the host and the pathogen can influence the transmission rates of an infection. Behavioral mechanisms, mediated by physiology could therefore be in the frontline of any arms race between a host and its pathogen.
Characterization of a likelihood based method and effects of markers informativeness in evaluation of admixture and population group assignment

Detection and evaluation of population stratification are crucial issues in the conduct of genetic association studies. Statistical approaches useful for understanding these issues have been proposed; these methods rely on information gained from genotyping sets of markers that reflect population ancestry. Before using these methods, a set of markers informative for differentiating population genetic substructure (PGS) is necessary. We have previously evaluated the performance of a Bayesian clustering method implemented in the software STRUCTURE in detecting PGS with a particular informative marker set. In this study, we implemented a likelihood based method (LBM) in evaluating the informativeness of the same selected marker panel, with respect to assessing potential for stratification in samples of European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs), that are known to be admixed. LBM calculates the probability of a set of genotypes based on observations in a reference population with known specific allele frequencies for each marker, assuming Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for each marker and linkage equilibrium among markers. In EAs, the assignment accuracy by LBM exceeded 99% using the most efficient marker FY, and reached perfect assignment accuracy using the 10 most efficient markers excluding FY. In AAs, the assignment accuracy reached 96.4% using FY, and >95% when using at least the 9 most efficient markers. The comparison of the observed and reference allele frequencies (which were derived from previous publications and public databases) shows that allele frequencies observed in EAs matched the reference group more accurately than allele frequencies observed in AAs. As a result, the LBM performed better in EAs than AAs, as might be expected given the dependence of LBMs on prior knowledge of allele frequencies. Performance was not dependent on sample size. The performance of the LBM depends on the efficiency and number of markers, and depends greatly on how representative the available reference allele frequencies are for those of the population being assigned. This method is of value when the parental population is known and relevant allele frequencies are available.
Self-Assembly for Semiconductor Industry

Fabrication technologies for the semiconductor industry have enabled ever-smaller devices but now face fundamental limits in creating nanoscale products. Self-assembly has recently emerged as a promising alternative fabrication technology for functional nanoscale systems. Such processes can be made parallel and are capable of producing three-dimensional structures with ~10 nm precision. This paper reviews developments, applications and challenges of self-assembly methods for the semiconductor industry. Although a fully self-assembled nanoscale system has not yet been commercially achieved, the work reviewed and discussed here demonstrates a solid scientific foundation in pursuing this goal.
Efficient and cost effective population resequencing by pooling and in-solution hybridization.

High-throughput sequencing of targeted genomic loci in large populations is an effective approach for evaluating the contribution of rare variants to disease risk. We evaluated the feasibility of using in-solution hybridization-based target capture on pooled DNA samples to enable cost-efficient population sequencing studies. For this, we performed pooled sequencing of 100 HapMap samples across ∼ 600 kb of DNA sequence using the Illumina GAIIx. Using our accurate variant calling method for pooled sequence data, we were able to not only identify single nucleotide variants with a low false discovery rate ( = 0.995).
Pulmonary Lobe Segmentation in CT Examinations Using Implicit Surface Fitting

Lobe identification in computed tomography (CT) examinations is often an important consideration during the diagnostic process as well as during treatment planning because of their relative independence of each other in terms of anatomy and function. In this paper, we present a new automated scheme for segmenting lung lobes depicted on 3-D CT examinations. The unique characteristic of this scheme is the representation of fissures in the form of implicit functions using radial basis functions (RBFs), capable of seamlessly interpolating ldquoholesrdquo in the detected fissures and smoothly extrapolating the fissure surfaces to the lung boundaries resulting in a ldquonaturalrdquo segmentation of lung lobes. A previously developed statistically based approach is used to detect pulmonary fissures and the constraint points for implicit surface fitting are selected from detected fissure surfaces in a greedy manner to improve fitting efficiency. In a preliminary assessment study, lobe segmentation results of 65 chest CT examinations, five of which were reconstructed with three section thicknesses of 0.625 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm, were subjectively and independently evaluated by two experienced chest radiologists using a five category rating scale (i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and unacceptable). Thirty-three of 65 examinations (50.8%) with a section thickness of 0.625 mm were rated as either ldquoexcellentrdquo or ldquogoodrdquo by both radiologists and only one case (1.5%) was rated by both radiologists as ldquopoorrdquo or ldquounacceptable.rdquo Comparable performance was obtained with a slice thickness of 1.25 mm, but substantial performance deterioration occurred in examinations with a section thickness of 2.5 mm. The advantages of this scheme are its full automation, relative insensitivity to fissure completeness, and ease of implementation.
Rock mechanics research awards

The U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, at its June 1983 annual meeting, adopted three actions to enhance the competition and public awareness of its annual awards program for rock mechanics papers. It will issue a call for nominations of outstanding papers; it will request participating societies to announce the names of award winners and the titles of papers, and it will publish an abstract of the winning papers in the proceedings of the annual U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium in the year following the awards. The competition is open to papers, by U.S residents or students in a U.S. school, published in an English language publication normally available in the United States. The following authors and papers are the 1983 award winners:
The relationship between cigarette smoking and impulsivity: A review of personality, behavioral, and neurobiological assessment

Impulsivity is a multi-dimensional construct that broadly encompasses impaired self-regulation. Studies comparing substance users and non-users, including cigarette smokers, consistently find that users are more impulsive than non-users. However, identifying the role of impulsivity in cigarette smoking initiation, maintenance, and relapse has been challenging because of variation in how impulsivity is defined and whether it is assessed as (1) a stable personality trait, (2) a behavior (either trait or state), or (3) a neurobiological process. Personality and behavioral assessments are typically weakly correlated or uncorrelated, but both types of impulsivity have been related to brain activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and associated areas. This article provides a narrative review of research pertaining to the relationship between impulsivity and cigarette smoking, including smoking initiation, maintenance, and relapse, with respect to these three methods of impulsivity assessment. This review reveal...
Qualitative similarities in the visual short-term memory of pigeons and people

Visual short-term memory plays a key role in guiding behavior, and individual differences in visual short-term memory capacity are strongly predictive of higher cognitive abilities. To provide a broader evolutionary context for understanding this memory system, we directly compared the behavior of pigeons and humans on a change detection task. Although pigeons had a lower storage capacity and a higher lapse rate than humans, both species stored multiple items in short-term memory and conformed to the same basic performance model. Thus, despite their very different evolutionary histories and neural architectures, pigeons and humans have functionally similar visual short-term memory systems, suggesting that the functional properties of visual short-term memory are subject to similar selective pressures across these distant species.
Somatic Transference and Countertransference in Psychoanalytic Intersubjective Dance/Movement Therapy

Since the 1950’s psychoanalytic theory has undergone a significant paradigm shift; moving from single mind, drive theories to intersubjective, relational theories that stress the co-constructed nature of mental life and relationships. The therapeutic relationship is now focused on the intersubjective relationships being constellated by the patient and the therapist throughout the treatment process. This paper presents several theoretical and clinical assumptions made by the psychoanalytic intersubjective approach to dance/movement therapy followed by the author. In this approach somatic and enacted aspects of the therapeutic relationship are systematically tracked by the therapist in order to make sense of the patient’s shifting self states and relationships being enacted by the therapeutic dyad. The treatment process of a patient who regressed to preverbal states is presented to underscore the somatic, experiential and co-constructed nature of the unfolding therapeutic relationship.
Increasing coverage to improve detection of network and host anomalies

For intrusion detection, the LERAD algorithm learns a succinct set of comprehensible rules for detecting anomalies, which could be novel attacks. LERAD validates the learned rules on a separate held-out validation set and removes rules that cause false alarms. However, removing rules with possible high coverage can lead to missed detections. We propose three techniques for increasing coverage--Weighting, Replacement and Hybrid. Weighting retains previously pruned rules and associate weights to them. Replacement, on the other hand, substitutes pruned rules with other candidate rules to ensure high coverage. We also present a Hybrid approach that selects between the two techniques based on training data coverage. Empirical results from seven data sets indicate that, for LERAD, increasing coverage by Weighting, Replacement and Hybrid detects more attacks than Pruning with minimal computational overhead.
Glutaraldehyde-fixation method for determining the permeability to water of the toad urinary bladder.

The permeability barrier to water of the toad's urinary bladder can be locked in various stages of response to neurohypophyseal hormones by reacting the bladder mucosa with a 1% glutaraldehyde solution for 5 min. In vitro experiments have shown that bladders which have been exposed to oxytocin, fixed, and removed to hormone—free Ringers fluid still retain 78% of their pre—fixation permeability to water. With this technique the hydro—osmotic response of the bladder to vasotocin has been followed in the absence of net transmembrane water flux over a time interval ranging from 5 sec to 20 hr. In order to measure changes in the permeability to water of the bladder in situ, toads were either injected with vasopressin or progressively dehydrated, and they were then pithed and their urinary bladders immediately removed and fixed. The hydraulic conductivity of the fixed bladder was then measured under standard conditions in a tissue bath. A half—maximal permeability response of the bladder was obtained with injec...
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and resolvin D1 retune the balance between amyloid-β phagocytosis and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease patients

As immune defects in amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis and degradation underlie Aβ deposition and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, better understanding of the relation between Aβ phagocytosis and inflammation could lead to promising preventive strategies. We tested two immune modulators in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD patients and controls: 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25D3) and resolvin D1 (RvD1). Both 1,25D3 and RvD1 improved phagocytosis of FAM-Aβ by AD macrophages and inhibited fibrillar Aβ-induced apoptosis. The action of 1,25D3 depended on the nuclear vitamin D and the protein disulfide isomerase A3 receptors, whereas RvD1 required the chemokine receptor, GPR32. The activities of 1,25D3 and RvD1 commonly required intracellular calcium, MEK1/2, PKA, and PI3K signaling; however, the effect of RvD1 was more sensitive to pertussis toxin. In this case study, the AD patients: a) showed significant transcriptional up regulation of IL1RN, ITGB2, and NFκB; and b) revealed two distinct groups when compared to controls: group 1 decreased and group 2 increased transcription of TLRs, IL-1, IL1R1 and chemokines. In the PBMCs/macrophages of both groups, soluble Aβ (sAβ) increased the transcription/secretion of cytokines (e.g., IL1 and IL6) and chemokines (e.g., CCLs and CXCLs) and 1,25D3/RvD1 reversed most of the sAβ effects. However, they both further increased the expression of IL1 in the group 1, sβ-treated cells. We conclude that in vitro, 1,25D3 and RvD1 rebalance inflammation to promote Aβ phagocytosis, and suggest that low vitamin D3 and docosahexaenoic acid intake and/or poor anabolic production of 1,25D3/RvD1 in PBMCs could contribute to AD onset/pathology.
The Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway of Mycobacterium smegmatis Is Functional and Required for the Export of Mycobacterial β-Lactamases

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway exports folded proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and is responsible for the proper extracytoplasmic localization of proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions, including pathogenesis. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis genomes contain open reading frames with homology to components of the Tat export system (TatABC) as well as potential Tat-exported proteins possessing N-terminal signal sequences with the characteristic twin-arginine motif. Due to the importance of exported virulence factors in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis and the limited understanding of mycobacterial protein export systems, we sought to determine the functional nature of the Tat export pathway in mycobacteria. Here we describe phenotypic analyses of ΔtatA and ΔtatC deletion mutants of M. smegmatis, which demonstrated that tatA and tatC encode components of a functional Tat system capable of exporting characteristic Tat substrates. Both mutants displayed a growth defect on agar medium and hypersensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate. The mutants were also defective in the export of active β-lactamases of M. smegmatis (BlaS) and M. tuberculosis (BlaC), both of which possess twin-arginine signal sequences. The Tat-dependent nature of BlaC was further revealed by mutation of the twin-arginine motif. Finally, we demonstrated that replacement of the native signal sequence of BlaC with the predicted Tat signal sequences of M. tuberculosis phospholipase C proteins (PlcA and PlcB) resulted in the Tat-dependent export of an enzymatically active ′BlaC. Thus, ′BlaC can be used as a genetic reporter for Tat-dependent export in mycobacteria.
Echinochiton dufoei: A New Spiny Ordovician chiton

Abstract Echinochiton dufoei new genus and species is described from the Ordovician age Forreston Member, Grand Detour Formation (Blackriveran) near Beloit, Wisconsin. For a variety of reasons, we regard E. dufoei as a chiton; the species is known from four articulated or partially articulated specimens, one of which has eight plates and two of which have a mucro on the tail plate. Echinochiton dufoei differs from other chitons in having large hollow spines that project from each of the known plates. In plate shape and position, E. dufoei is much like the Upper Cambrian species Matthevia variabilis Walcott, 1885, and the Lower Ordovician species Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins (1979).
Robust Traceability from Trace Amounts

The privacy risks inherent in the release of a large number of summary statistics were illustrated by Homer et al. (PLoS Genetics, 2008), who considered the case of 1-way marginals of SNP allele frequencies obtained in a genome-wide association study: Given a large number of minor allele frequencies from a case group of individuals diagnosed with a particular disease, together with the genomic data of a single target individual and statistics from a sizable reference dataset independently drawn from the same population, an attacker can determine with high confidence whether or not the target is in the case group. In this work we describe and analyze a simple attack that succeeds even if the summary statistics are significantly distorted, whether due to measurement error or noise intentionally introduced to protect privacy. Our attack only requires that the vector of distorted summary statistics is close to the vector of true marginals in L1 norm. Moreover, the reference pool required by previous attacks can be replaced by a single sample drawn from the underlying population. The new attack, which is not specific to genomics and which handles Gaussian as well as Bernouilli data, significantly generalizes recent lower bounds on the noise needed to ensure differential privacy (Bun, Ullman, and Vadhan, STOC 2014, Steinke and Ullman, 2015), obviating the need for the attacker to control the exact distribution of the data.
Modeling of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

We present a novel modeling approach to simulate FSW process that may have significant advantages over current traditional finite element or finite difference based methods. The proposed model is based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a fully Lagrangian particle method that can simulate the dynamics of interfaces, large material deformations, void formations and material's strain and temperature history without employing complex tracking schemes. Two- and three-dimensional simulations for different tool designs are presented. Preliminary numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Atoms in the Magnetic Field of a Neutron Star

Abstract The ground state energy of an atom of nuclear charge Ze and in a magnetic field B is evaluated exactly in the asymptotic regime Z → ∞. We present the results of a rigorous analysis that reveals the existence of 5 regions as Z → ∞: B ≪ Z 4/3 , B ≈ Z 4/3 , Z 4/3 ≪ B ≪ Z 3 , B ≈ Z 3 , B ≫ Z 3 . Different regions have different physics and different asymptotic theories. Regions 1, 2, 3, 5 are described exactly by a simple density functional theory, but only in regions 1, 2, 3 is it of the semiclassical Thomas-Fermi form. Region 4 cannot be described exactly by any simple density functional theory; surprisingly, it can be described by a simple density matrix functional theory.
Training Parents as Therapists for Autistic Children

The transition of institutionalized children into the community often involves returning the child to the home and family environment. To maximize the chances of such a transition being successful, there are two preparatory programs that ideally should be conducted. One program would focus on preparing the child for contingencies likely to be encountered in home and community environments. Such a program is well exemplified by the teaching homes described in this book (see Chapters 17 and 18). Certainly of equal importance is the preparation of the parents for the child’s return. Training the parents to maintain the contingencies associated with treatment would facilitate both generalization of the child’s treatment gains into the home and help the parents provide for further improvement by continuing the child’s treatment program. Under these conditions one might predict that the parents would feel, and be, better equipped to handle their child. This training, in addition to the child’s improved behavior, should significantly increase the likelihood that the child will remain in the home.
Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures

Energetic materials are substances that can undergo rapid, exothermic reactions when subjected to an external stimulus, such as heating. In this work, we show that the well-known Peng–Robinson equation of state can be applied to energetic materials, whether they are pure components, liquid mixtures, or solid mixtures. We are specifically interested in two energetic materials: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). We model RDX and TNT in both their liquid and solid phases, as well liquid and solid mixtures of the two compounds. Our work examines temperatures and pressures as high as about 500 K and 2500 bar, respectively. The Peng–Robinson equation of state provides a good representation of experimental volumetric (e.g., density and bulk modulus), thermal (heat capacity), and phase behavior (melting temperature and solubility) data. It can be applied to other energetic materials—ranging in complexity from pure components to multiphase, multicomponent mixtures—by ada...
The Early Swahili Trade Village of Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 600-950

Indian Ocean maritime networks have become a special focus of research in recent years, with emphasis not only on the economics of trade but also the movement of domesticated plants and animals (see Fuller et al. in Antiquity 2011: 544�58). But did such contacts inevitably lead to radical social change? Excavations at Tumbe reveal a settlement of the late first millennium AD that was heavily engaged in the traffic in exotic materials and may have been producing shell beads for export. This activity seems to have flourished within a domestic context in a village setting, however, and does not seem to have stimulated pronounced social stratification nor to have led inexorably towards urbanisation. These results demonstrate that some communities were able to establish a stable balance between the demands of the domestic economy and long-distance trade that could persist for several centuries. Activities at Tumbe should hence be viewed in their own right, not as precursors to the formation of the Swahili trading towns of the later medieval period.
Generation of mock tidal streams

In this paper we discuss a method for the generation of mock tidal streams. Using an ensemble of simulations in an isochrone potential where the actions and frequencies are known, we derive an empirical recipe for the evolving satellite mass and the corresponding mass loss rate, and the ejection conditions of the stream material. The resulting stream can then be quickly generated either with direct orbital integration, or by using the action-angle formalism. The model naturally produces streaky features within the stream. These are formed due to the radial oscillation of the progenitor and the bursts of stars emitted near pericenter, rather than clumping at particular oscillation phases as sometimes suggested. When detectable, these streaky features are a reliable diagnostic for the stream's direction of motion and encode other information on the progenitor and its orbit. We show several tests of the recipe in alternate potentials, including a case with a chaotic progenitor orbit which displays a marked effect on the width of the stream. Although the specific ejection recipe may need adjusting when elements such as the orbit or satellite density profile are changed significantly, our examples suggest that model tidal streams can be quickly and accurately generated by models of this general type for use in Bayesian sampling.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Aortic Arch Anomalies With Ventricular Septal Defect

Background The predictors of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after the repair of coarctation of the aorta or interruption of the aortic arch (CoA/IAA) with ventricular septal defect have been investigated. However, the predictors remain controversial. Methods We performed primary repair of CoA/IAA with ventricular septal defect for 75 patients from 1996 to 2005. Four of the 75 patients died within 5 years after primary repair without relation to LVOTO. The morphology of the aortic valve of 71 survivors was bicuspid in 23 patients and tricuspid in 48 patients. The mean follow-up was 9.2 ± 2.6 years after primary repair. Results There were 12 patients who showed LVOTO of 3.0 m/s or greater after primary repair. All of the 6 bicuspid patients demonstrated valvular aortic stenosis, and all of the 6 tricuspid patients showed discrete subvalvular LVOTO. In 5 of the 6 tricuspid patients, the aortic annular z-score before primary repair was −3.0 or less. A bicuspid aortic valve ( p = 0.016) and the aortic annular z-score of −3.0 or less ( p = 0.019) were significant risk factors for LVOTO after primary repair. At 10 years after primary repair, 82.6% and 95.6% of the bicuspid and tricuspid patients, respectively, were free from reoperation ( p = 0.015). Conclusions The presence of a bicuspid aortic valve and an aortic valve annular z-score of −3.0 or less before primary repair are risk factors for LVOTO, and stenotic bicuspid valves and discrete subvalvular LVOTO are the main causes of LVOTO after primary repair of CoA/IAA with ventricular septal defect. The bicuspid patients more frequently required reoperation than the tricuspid patients.
Transient postoperative atrial fibrillation after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair increases mortality risk.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether new-onset transient postoperative atrial fibrillation (TPAF) affects mortality rates after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and to identify predictors for the development of TPAF. Methods Patients who underwent open aortic repair or endovascular aortic repair for a principal diagnosis AAA were retrospectively identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-State Inpatient Database (Florida) for 2007 to 2011 and monitored longitudinally for 1 year. Inpatient and 1-year mortality rates were compared between those with and without TPAF. TPAF was defined as new-onset atrial fibrillation that developed in the postoperative period and subsequently resolved in patients without a history of atrial fibrillation. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, rupture status, and repair method, were used to assess 1-year survival. Predictive models were built with preoperative patient factors using Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector decision trees and externally validated on patients from California. Results A 3.7% incidence of TPAF was identified among 15,148 patients who underwent AAA repair. The overall mortality rate was 4.3%. The inpatient mortality rate was 12.3% in patients with TPAF vs 4.0% in those without TPAF. In the ruptured setting, the difference in mortality was similar between groups (33.7% vs 39.9%, P = .3). After controlling for age, gender, comorbid disease severity, urgency (ruptured vs nonruptured), and repair method, TPAF was associated with increased 1-year postoperative mortality (hazard ratio, 1.48; P P = .028). Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector-based models (C statistic = 0.70) were integrated into a Web-based application to predict an individual's probability of developing TPAF at the point of care. Conclusions The development of TPAF is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients undergoing repair of nonruptured AAA. Predictive modeling can be used to identify those patients at highest risk for developing TPAF and guide interventions to improve outcomes.