cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel structure-based multimode QSAR method affords predictive models for phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

Quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) methods aim to build quantitatively predictive models for the discovery of new molecules. It has been widely used in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Many QSAR techniques have been developed since Hansch’s seminal work, and more are still being developed. Motivated by Hopfinger’s receptor-dependent QSAR (RD-QSAR) formalism and the Lukacova−Balaz scheme to treat multimode issues, we have initiated studies that focus on a structure-based multimode QSAR (SBMM QSAR) method, where the structure of the target protein is used in characterizing the ligand, and the multimode issue of ligand binding is systematically treated with a modified Lukacova−Balaz scheme. All ligand molecules are first docked to the target binding pocket to obtain a set of aligned ligand poses. A structure-based pharmacophore concept is adopted to characterize the binding pocket. Specifically, we represent the binding pocket as a geometric grid labeled by pharmacophoric features. Ea...
Prise en charge infirmière des enfants atteints d'une dysplasie bronchopulmonaire (en dehors de la ventilation mécanique)

Resume Les soins apportes a un enfant atteint de dysplasie bronchopulmonaire sont non seulement d'ordre somatique, mais aussi d'ordre psychoaffectif afin d'assurer le developpement harmonieux de ce nouveau-ne. Toute une equipe d'infirmieres, medecins et psychologues doit veiller au confort du bebe et a son developpement affectif. Une extreme attention doit etre apportee aux parents et a la famille de ce nouveau-ne. Bien entendu les soins a visee respiratoire sont necessaires, sans oublier la surveillance digestive et nutritionnelle et l'apprentissage des tetees qui peut etre long et difficile. Les bebes qui ont tendance a se mettre en hyperextension doivent beneficier d'une kinesitherapie motrice adaptee.
A Case for a Liberal Engineering Education and a Nonprofessional Degree

The traditional four-year engineering program gives neither an adequate professional training nor a liberal education. It is proposed that a four-year program of "liberal engineering" be instituted which synthesizes traditionally compartmentalized disciplines and concentrates on the intellectual components of the profession. Specialized professional training should be the proper function of the graduate school.
Education forum: digital geometry and its algorithms: an introduction

This paper gives a brief introduction to digital geometry and its relationships to algorithm analysis, image processing, and computer graphics. Digital geometry highly relates to graph theory, discrete geometry, and computational geometry. We also suggest that digital geometry can be taught as a chapter in computational geometry or geometric methods for computing sciences courses.
Gold(III) bis-thiosemicarbazonato complexes: synthesis, characterization, radiochemistry and X-ray crystal structure analysis

Abstract Introduction A variety of (bis)thiosemicarbazone-based ligand systems have been investigated as chelating agents for Au(III) complexes with potential radiotherapeutic applications. Ligand systems containing an ethyl, propyl or butyl backbone between the two imine N donors have been synthesized to evaluate chelate ring size effects on the resultant Au(III) complex stability at the macroscopic and radiotracer levels. Methods The Au(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectra, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The 198 Au complexes were evaluated in vitro at the tracer level for stability in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4 and 37°C. One of these complexes [ 198 Au(3,4-HxTSE)] showed high in vitro stability and was further evaluated in vivo in normal mice. Results [Au(ATSM)]AuCl 4 ·2CH 3 OH, (ATSM=diacetyl-bis( N 4 -methylthiosemicarbazone)) H 14 C 8 N 6 O 2 S 2 Cl 4 Au 2 ·2CH 3 OH, crystallized from methanol in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a =14.7293(13) A, b =7.7432(7) A, c =20.4363(18) A, β=100.140(2)°, V=2294.4 (4) A 3 , Z=4; [Au(3,4-HxTSE)]Cl·CH 3 CH 2 OH/AuCl 2 , (3,4-HxTSE=3,4-hexanedione-bis( N 4 -ethylthiosemicarbazone)) H 26 C 13.6 N 6 O 0.8 S 2 Cl 1.2 Au 1.2 , crystallized from ethanol in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a =10.1990(10) A, b =13.8833(14) A, c= 15.1752(15) A, β=99.353(2)°, V=2120.2 (4) A 3 , Z=4. Conclusions These studies revealed poor stability of the [ 198 Au][Au(3,4-HxTSE)] + complex; however, crystal structure data suggest potential alterations to the ligand backbone may increase stability.
Ability Level, Evaluative Feedback, and Sex Differences in Performance Expectancy

This study represents an effort to clarify the effects of negative and positive information on performance expectancies of males and females. In testing the effects of feedback on 93 women and 97 men undergraduates, ability level, information condition, self-esteem level, and sex of subject were included in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Before feedback, males stated higher expectancies (p < .05) and overestimated their performance more (p < .05) than did females. Sex by feedback interactions (p < .02) revealed that after feedback consistent with subjects' ability, males continued to set higher goals and to overestimate their performance more, but that after inconsistent feedback this sex difference did not occur.
Structures of AcrR and CmeR: Insight into the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and multi-drug recognition in the TetR family of regulators

The transcriptional regulators of the TetR family act as chemical sensors to monitor the cellular environment in many bacterial species. To perform this function, members of the TetR family harbor a diverse ligand-binding domain capable of recognizing the same series of compounds as the transporters they regulate. Many of the regulators can be induced by a wide array of structurally unrelated compounds. Binding of these structurally unrelated ligands to the regulator results in a conformational change that is transmitted to the DNA-binding region, causing the repressor to lose its DNA-binding capacity and allowing for the initiation of transcription. The multi-drug binding proteins AcrR of Escherichia coli and CmeR from Campylobacter jejuni are members of the TetR family of transcriptional repressors that regulate the expression of the multidrug resistant efflux pumps AcrAB and CmeABC, respectively. To gain insights into the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and how multiple ligands induce the same physiological response, we determined the crystal structures of the AcrR and CmeR regulatory proteins. In this review, we will summarize the new findings with AcrR and CmeR, and discuss the novel features of these two proteins in comparison with other regulators in the TetR family.
Mannheimia haemolytica A1-induced Fibrinosuppurative Meningoencephalitis in a Naturally-infected Holstein–Friesian Calf

Summary Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely recognized among the bovine respiratory disease complex as the predominant pathogen causing broncho- and pleuropneumonia in cattle. Among the characterized M. haemolytica serotypes, A1 is the major cause of severe pulmonary lesions in cattle. This report describes post-mortem findings in a Holstein–Friesian calf with fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis and fibrinonecrotizing, haemorrhagic broncho- and pleuropneumonia, from which M. haemolytica and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were isolated. Microscopical evaluation showed expansion of the brainstem and cerebellar leptomeninges by neutrophils and fibrin, associated with gram-negative coccobacilli. Occasional blood vessels within the midbrain and cerebellum contained fibrin thrombi. Bacterial culture of cerebellum and lung yielded M. haemolytica with unusually high haemolytic activity. The isolates were confirmed as serotype A1 by rapid plate agglutination. Lung tissue was positive for BVDV by polymerase chain reaction. The broncho- and pleuropneumonia in this calf were consistent with typical mannheimiosis due to serotype A1; however, extrapulmonary infections due to M. haemolytica, as seen in this case, are rarely reported. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a natural BVDV and M. haemolytica co-infection associated with fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis in a calf.
Plume formation and optical breakdown on KrF excimer laser-irradiated silica glass

We report the onset of plume formation and optical breakdown in a synthetic silica glass under KrF excimer laser irradiation by luminescence spectroscopy and imaging. With increasing laser fluence, bright, highly localized luminescence due to plume formation appears on the luminescence image, and sharp lines due to Si atom fluorescence appear in the 200-300 nm region on the luminescence spectra. The SEM images on the laser-damaged region show typically two structures: (1) many small holes of the order of 1 micrometer suggesting localized vaporization, and (2) large craters of 10-100 micrometers due to spallation. The large craters have irregular shapes consistent with fracture often seen in amorphous materials.
Quantization of Elementary Particle Masses

The quantization of elementary particles was attributed to the dynamics described by the internal space-time variables and their corresponding 4-momenta. A mass operator was defined, which met all of the requirements of the principle of reciprocity and relativistic covariance. The center-of-mass kinematics were given in the Klein-Gordon form. The mass eigenvalue equation was solved, and led to a quantized mass formula. The development of the theory revealed some basic properties of a bilocal field associated with elementary particles. (C.E.S.)
Personal Agency across Generations: Evolutionary Psychology or Religious Belief?

Although the authors of modern scientific psychology agreed on precious little, Freud and Jung both insisted that any complete science of psychology requires some way to explain the intergenerational inheritance of character traits or personal habits of mind and action. Yet neither they nor their heirs in contemporary philosophy, psychology or cognitive science have been able to provide a plausible conceptual framework, much less a mechanism to account for the conservation of forms of personal agency across multiple lives. Is there a role in contemporary philosophy and psychology for an intergenerational theory of human agency informed by the Buddhist theory of karma? This paper argues the affirmative case, offering both a current scientific reading of karma and a Buddhist scientific approach to the metaphysical and metapsychological problems caused by the divergence of modern science and religion in the West. The model of intergenerational agency I present here is based on a comparative study of ordinary language philosophy in ancient India and the contemporary West. Its premise is that most theories of moral development and psychological agency are limited by the insistence on a substantial or essential ground for the designation of a person or self. Ordinary language philosophy offers greater conceptual freedom because it accepts a distinctively human theory of self as a linguistic construction that refers to mind/body systems and elements in which there is no substantial or essential self. This conceptual freedom permits a model of human agency as an open system of linguistic reference that can be transmitted across generations in the course of language acquisition. Such a system is not merely discursive in that language serves to guide the social construction not just of discursive thinking but also of learned patterns of perception and action mastered together with language in the course of neuropsychological development. This model has implications for both Buddhist and Western worldview, popular and scientific, as well as for bioethics and the practice of psychotherapy.
Teaching Advanced Placement Human Geography

Abstract The College Board's decision to add human geography to its Advanced Placement (AP) program is an exciting development for teachers at all levels who are concerned about the state of geographical understanding in North America today. Yet as discussed in an earlier edition of this journal (Murphy 1998), the successful implementation of AP human geography is contingent upon meeting formidable pedagogic challenges. These challenges are the product of the discipline's relatively low profile in many high schools (particularly in the United States), the lack of extensive geographical training on the part of most high school teachers, and the scarcity of good geographical reference materials in many classrooms and libraries.
Notes and Comments Placental Transfer of Glucagon in Sheep

The bidirectional transfer of radioiodine-labeled glucagon was investigated in the pregnant ewe late in gestation. Specific immunoprecipitation was used to identify 125I or 131I-glucagon in maternal and fetal plasma following direct injection into the fetus or simultaneous injections into the mother and fetus (dual label experiments). No placental transfer of labeled glucagon was detected, either in the fetal to maternal direction (5 studies), or in the maternal to fetal direction (2 studies). (Endocrinology 93: 1435, 1973)
The effect of alcohol consumption on nutritional status during murine AIDS

As alcohol (ETOH) abusers and AIDS patients have nutritional disorders, the influence of chronic ETOH consumption (5% v/v for 10 weeks) on levels of immunomodulatory nutrients (vitamins A and E, Zn, and Cu) in the serum, liver, small intestine, spleen, and thymus was determined during murine AIDS. The hepatic levels of vitamins A and E and Zn in both normal and LP-BM5 retrovirus-infected female C56BL/6 mice fed ETOH were significantly reduced compared to controls, whereas the level of Cu in the liver was not affected. Intestinal levels of vitamin A and Cu were not affected by ETOH, whereas vitamin E and Zn were significantly reduced in both normal mice and those with AIDS fed ETOH. The splenic levels of vitamin A and Zn in the normal mice were significantly reduced by ETOH compared to controls, but vitamin E and Cu were not. All splenic levels of nutrients measured were reduced in ETOH-fed mice with AIDS. The levels of vitamins A and E, Zn, and Cu in the thymus in murine AIDS were also significantly affected by ETOH consumption. The serum levels of vitamins A and E in both normal mice and murine AIDS were significantly decreased by dietary ETOH. These data produced evidence that chronic ETOH can directly aggravate undernutrition initiated by retrovirus infection. Such ETOH-induced malnutrition in AIDS may be a cofactor, accelerating development of AIDS via immunosuppression secondary to nutritional deficiencies.
Biosynthetic alternatives for acetogenic production of sorbic acid in the potato aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Following in vivo injection of [1-14C]-sodium acetate, triacylglycerols of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), were extracted and derivatized to p-bromophenacyl fatty acid esters for two-dimensional TLC and GLC-MSD (mass selective detector) analysis. Radiolabeled sorbic (E, E-2,4-hexadienoic) acid ester was detected, demonstrating that this short chain fatty acid unique to aphids is biosynthesized via an acetogenic pathway. Crotonic (E-2-butenoic) or hexenoic acids were not detected in labeled or unlabeled potato aphid samples or unlabeled samples from the oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Fonscolombe. Crotonic or hexenoic acids might have been expected if an incomplete cycling by fatty acid synthetase or a novel desaturase acting on the prevalent hexanoate, respectively, were responsible for sorbic acid synthesis in aphids. A peroxisomal β-oxidation route to sorbic acid from longer chain fatty acids was not indicated since injections of clofibrate, a peroxisomal proliferator, with or without C18 polyunsaturated lipids gave no substantial increase in C6 lipids. Also, some characteristic enzyme activities of peroxisomal β-oxidation were not found in an ultracentrifugal “peroxisomal” fraction from the potato aphid. Although the individual biochemical steps from acetate to sorbate in aphids remain unclear, an unusual acetate-malonate pathway is indicated. Clarification of the biosynthetic steps to sorbic acid should identify at least one novel enzyme for animals. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Design and Performance Evaluation of the DI-Multicomputer

In this paper, we propose a new multicomputer node architecture, theDI-multicomputerwhich uses packet routing on a uniform point-to-point interconnect for both local memory access and internode communication. This is achieved by integrating a router into each processor chip and eliminating the memory bus interface. Since communication resources such as pins and wires are allocated dynamically via packet routing, the DI-multicomputer is able to maximize the available communication resources, providing much higher performance for both intranode and internode communication. Multi-packet handling mechanisms are used to implement a high performance memory interface based on packet routing. The DI-multicomputer network interface provides efficient communication for both short and long messages, decoupling the processor from the transmission overhead for long messages while achieving minimum latency for short messages. Trace-driven simulations based on a suite of message passing applications show that the communication mechanisms of the DI-multicomputer can achieve up to four times speedup when compared to existing architectures.
The Price Is Right—Or Is It? A Reference Point Model of Two-Party Price Negotiations

This paper develops a social cognitive, reference point model of two-party price negotiations. The theoretical focus is on the role that reference points play as a means of calibration in the individual negotiator's decision processes and as a means of social influence in bargaining. Three studies are presented which examine how reference points based on personal preferences and budget constraints (i.e., reservation values) are combined with reference points based on available market information to affect outcomes. These studies support the interpretation that in captive transactions, contextual cues determine the extent to which market information versus reservation values influence outcomes. Certain contextual cues trigger perceptions of low versus high price variance, which in turn, lead negotiators to weight market information more or less heavily in internal processing and bargaining. When perceptions of low price variance are present, market information influences outcomes more than private reservation values. When perceptions of high price variance are present, reservation values tend to be more dominant in determining outcomes.
DIMENSIONS OF THE MATURE MARKET

Misconceptions abound about the nature of mature market segments. Marketing to mature consumers does not mean marketing to the elderly, or to the poor. Our aging population is in a state of transition where long extensions of productive working lives will reshape product and market opportunities. Mature market segments represent growth markets with high discretionary consideration. While a significantly larger proportion of mature households will enjoy substantial income increases, their economic well‐being is more directly associated with wealth, assets, and financial obligations. Their consumption behavior is shaped by the existence of a mate, and their physical and psychological mobility.
Using Algal Transcriptome Sequences to Identify Transferred Genes in the Sea Slug, Elysia chlorotica

The first molecular evidence of horizontal gene transfer between multicellular eukaryotes was our discovery of the presence of three Vaucheria litorea nuclear-encoded genes [fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (fcp) and light-harvesting complex 1 and 2 (Lhcv1 and 2)] in the genomic DNA of the sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, which are used to support the chloroplast endosymbiosis in the slug. These genes are translated and transcribed in the host cell, and vertically transmitted to subsequent generations of the host species. In order to provide a database of native V. litorea sequences to facilitate the search for additional transferred genes between these two species, we have partially sequenced and annotated the transcriptome of V. litorea, using 454 Life Science’s next generation pyrosequencing technology. Preliminary analysis of the sequence data has led to the discovery of six additional algal nuclear genes in E. chlorotica cDNA and genomic DNA, which encode enzymes in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway as well as additional light-harvesting and metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, we confirm the recent discovery of the Calvin-Benson cycle gene, prk.
Involvement of the posteroventral caudate-putamen in memory consolidation in the Morris water maze.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with bilateral intracerebral guide cannulae were trained in the standard hidden platform version of the Morris water maze and given immediate posttraining infusions of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride (10.0 or 100.0 ng/side) or saline vehicle into the posteroventral caudate-putamen. Retention was tested 2 days later with a probe trial. Sulpiride-treated rats spent less time swimming near the trained platform location and more time in the periphery of the maze than controls, although their latency to reach the trained platform location was not significantly affected. The pattern of results suggests that whereas the posteroventral caudate-putamen seems to be involved in consolidation of memory in the Morris water maze, it may be involved in memory for procedural aspects of the task in a manner distinct from that of other brain regions such as the hippocampus.
DNA microarray analysis of cortical gene expression during early recirculation after focal brain ischemia in rat.

Abstract Focal brain ischemia is followed by changes in gene expression as reflected by altered mRNA levels. DNA microarray analysis can be used to survey thousands of genes for differential expression triggered by ischemic metabolic stress. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using an intravascular poly- l -lysine-coated filament, and brains were removed after 3 h of recirculation for mRNA isolation. A differential measurement of mRNAs from post-ischemic and sham control animals was performed using the Mouse UniGene 1 microarray. Established values for differential expression were used (≥1.7 or ≤−1.7 fold), and hits ( n =2–3 arrays) divided into known ‘ischemia–hypoxia response’ genes and ‘newly connected’ annotated genes. n =28 ischemia–hypoxia response genes were up-regulated and n =6 were down-regulated. Regulated genes comprised immediate early genes, heat shock proteins, anti-oxidative enzymes, trophic factors, and genes involved in RNA metabolism, inflammation and cell signaling. Based on the ability of the microarray to replicate known changes in gene expression, n =35 newly connected genes were found up-regulated and n =41 down-regulated. DNA microarray analysis allows one to develop novel working hypotheses for responses to brain ischemia based on the regulation of annotated genes.
Finding order in disorder

Describing the structure of amorphous materials such as metallic glasses has been a longstanding problem in materials science. A new technique called fluctuation microscopy allows us to see order on length scales that are difficult to study with traditional scattering techniques.
Theoretical grain size limits for single-domain, pseudo-single-domain and multi-domain behavior in titanomagnetite (x = 0.6) as a function of low-temperature oxidation

A theoretical model of grain size variation of domain transitions in titanomagnetite (x = 0.6) as a function of oxidation (z) is presented. The superparamagnetic (SP) to single-domain (SD) transition ds, the SD to two-domain (TD) transition d0, the TD to three-domain (3D) transition and the pseudo-single domain (PSD) to multi-domain (MD) transition are calculated as a function of z. It is shown that all the transition grain sizes increase with z, except for the PSD-MD transition for z > 0.6. The calculations predict that ds increases from 0.044 to 0.197 μm, d0 increases from 0.54 to 13 μm, the TD-3D transition increases from 1.6 to 49 μm as z varies from 0 to 0.8. The PSD-MD transition increases from 42 μm at z = 0 to 150 μm at z = 0.6, whereas between z = 0.6 to z = 0.8, the PSD-MD transition decreases to 49 μm. Qualitatively, the model explains some of the trends in magnetic properties of submarine basalts with low-temperature oxidation. Quantitatively, the model does give reasonable estimates of the PSD-MD boundary and d0, which are close to the experimental values for x = 0.6 and z = 0. Furthermore, the model predicts that psarks or two-domain grains could be the major contributors to the remanence of oxidized submarine pillow basalts.
Cell transplantation after oxidative hepatic preconditioning with radiation and ischemia-reperfusion leads to extensive liver repopulation.

The inability of transplanted cells to proliferate in the normal liver hampers cell therapy. We considered that oxidative hepatic DNA damage would impair the survival of native cells and promote proliferation in transplanted cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase-deficient F344 rats were preconditioned with whole liver radiation and warm ischemia–reperfusion followed by intrasplenic transplantation of syngeneic F344 rat hepatocytes. The preconditioning was well tolerated, although serum aminotransferase levels rose transiently and hepatic injury was observed histologically, along with decreased catalase activity and 8-hydroxy adducts of guanine, indicating oxidative DNA damage. Transplanted cells did not proliferate in the liver over 3 months in control animals and animals preconditioned with ischemia–reperfusion alone. Animals treated with radiation alone showed some transplanted cell proliferation. In contrast, the liver of animals preconditioned with radiation plus ischemia–reperfusion was replaced virtually completely over 3 months. Transplanted cells integrated in the liver parenchyma and liver architecture were preserved normally. These findings offer a paradigm for repopulating the liver with transplanted cells. Progressive loss of cells experiencing oxidative DNA damage after radiation and ischemia–reperfusion injury could be of significance for epithelial renewal in additional organs.
Chemistry of a transition metal cluster substituted carboxylic acid: synthesis and structure of [CH3(OCH2CH2)4OCH3]

Abstract The reaction of the cluster substituted carboxylic acid [(CO)9Co3(μ3-CCO2H)] with Cd (CH3CO2)2 · H2O in the presence of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether(TGM) afforded the binuclear complex [ Cd 2 ∗( CO ) 9 Co 3 (μ 3 - CCO 2 )∗ 4 ( TGM )] . The solid state structure shows that the cluster carboxylate ligands act as chelating and asymmetrical bridging ligands, respectively, and the TGM ligand exhibits a conformation not previously observed. The coordination number of each cadmium atom is seven, resulting in a coordination geometry consisting of a distorted trigonal capped square-based polyhedron.
Improved outcome by identification of high-risk nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, aggressive reexploration, and delayed anastomosis

Abstract Background: The factors associated with outcome of patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia are poorly defined. Methods: Over a 7-year period, 34 consecutive patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia were identified. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 63 years (range 31 to 94); 21 of 34 (62%) were men. The mean delay in diagnosis was 31 hours (range 7 hours to 6 days). Seven of 34 (21%) underwent preoperative visceral arteriography. Two of these 7 required surgery, and both died as a result of intestinal infarction. The remaining 27 had the diagnosis made at celiotomy. Among the 29 who were explored, 16 of 29 (55%) had intestinal infarction. Twenty-one of 29 (72%) had segmental bowel injury whereas 8 of 29 (28%) had massive injury. Among those with segmental infarction, primary anastomosis was performed in 12 of 21 patients (57%); 5 of the 12 (42%) died. Nine of 21 patients (43%) underwent delayed anastomosis; 2 of the 9 (22%) died. No patient with massive injury underwent primary anastomosis. Second-look laparotomy was performed on 22 of 29 (76%). Eleven of those 22 (50%) had a further bowel resection. Overall, 16 of 29 (55%) who underwent surgery for nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia are alive. Conclusions: Improved survival from nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia is dependent upon the identification of high-risk groups, aggressive reexploration, and delayed intestinal anastomosis.
Neurodevelopmental outcome, psychological adjustment, and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease.

Aim The aim of this study was to examine neurodevelopment, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents after bypass surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) during early childhood. Method Fifty-nine adolescents (34 females, 25 males) with CHD were examined at a median age of 13 years 8 months (range 11y 5mo–16y 11mo). Outcome was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, (fourth edition); the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration; the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and the KIDSCREEN questionnaires. Results were compared with those of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison individuals. Results Outcome with regard to full-scale IQ, perceptual reasoning, and the working memory scale was poorer in patients with CHD than in the comparison group (all p≤0.001). Visual perception, visuomotor integration (p≤0.001), and executive functions (Rey figure copy: p=0.05) were also affected. Patients with CHD also had lower scores on all motor domains (p<0.02) except static balance. Psychological adjustment was affected only in the ‘peer relationship’ domain (p=0.05). Quality of life was similar to that of typically developing peers. Interpretation Adolescents with CHD may manifest persistent cognitive and motor impairments, while psychological adjustment and self-reported HRQoL are mostly typical. Thus, long-term neurodevelopmental evaluations are necessary to provide early educational and therapeutic support.
Characterization of murine cytolytic-helper hybrid T cell clones.

L3T4, Lyt-2 and the T-cell receptor for antigen are cell-surface molecules involved in antigen specific T cell activation. We have constructed functional murine cytolytic-helper T-cell hybrid clones to study the link between expression of cell-surf ace molecules and specific cell function. Three of the clones express two antigen receptors; and both Lyt-2 and L3T4, normally expressed on mutually exclusive subsets of mature T lymphocytes. The pattern of lymphokines produced by the hybrid cells in response to antigen was not controlled by the specific antigen receptor; both T-cell growth factor, produced only by the helper T-cell partner, and γ-interferon, produced only by the cytolytic T-cell partner, were secreted when either antigen receptor was stimulated. However, cytolytic activity appeared to be restricted to the recognition of antigen by the T-cell receptor of the cytolytic partner. Thus cytoly-sis appears to be rightly linked to the antigen receptor of the cytolytic parent but lymphokine release is not tightly linked.
Living with a ‘women's disease’: risk appraisal and management among men with osteoporosis

Background There is clear evidence that men suffer from osteoporosis (OP) in increasing numbers, but that men commonly remain underdiagnosed, undertreated and experience poorer outcomes than do women. The widespread sociocultural association of OP with postmenopausal women reflects their greater risk for developing the disorder, but the sexing of OP as a women's disease disadvantages at-risk men.
Strange Bedfellows: Human-Computer Interaction, Interface Design, and Composition Pedagogy

Abstract As digital interfaces increasingly mediate our access to information, the design of these interfaces becomes increasingly important. Designing digital interfaces requires writers to make rhetorical choices that are sometimes technical in nature and often correspond with principles taught in the computer science subfield of human-computer interaction. We propose that an HCI-informed writing pedagogy can complicate for both writing and computer science students the important role audience should play when designing traditional and digital interfaces. Although it is a subtle shift in many ways, this pedagogy seemed to complicate student understanding of the relationship between audience and the texts/interfaces they created: it was not just the “human” (beliefs, attitudes, values, demographics) or the “computer” (the software or hardware or other types of mediation) that mattered but rather the “interaction” between the two. First we explore some of the ways in which writing code and writing prose have merged and paved the way for an HCI-informed writing pedagogy. Next we examine some parallels between human-computer interaction principles and composition principles. Finally, we refer to assignments, student responses, and anecdotal evidence from our classes where an HCI-informed writing pedagogy drew—or could have drawn—student attention more acutely to various audience-related technical and rhetorical interface design choices.
Biosynthesis of unusual acyclic isoprenoids in the Alga Botryococcus braunii

A ‘resting state’ isolate of the hydrocarbon-producing alga Botryococcus braunii photoassimilated sodium [14C]bicarbonate at rates comparable to fast growing algae, such as Chlorella (> 1.50 μg atoms 14C/mg chlorophyll·hr). Early in the reaction (up to several min), most of the radioactivity was associated with water-soluble metabolites. However, labelling of hexane-soluble compounds steadily from ca 3% at 15 sec to over 50% of the total incorporated 14C at 60 min. The purified hexane fraction, which consisted of a series of botryococcenes and squalene, constituted a relatively constant proportion (40–45%) of the total hexane-soluble radioactivity at all but the earliest time points (< 60 sec). This fraction initially consisted almost exclusively of a C30 botryococcene (ca 91%) and squalene (ca 8%); however, small amounts of radioactivity sequentially appeared in the C31, C32 and C34 botryococcenes. The results of pulse-chase experiments implicated the C30 botryococcene as the precursor of the higher homologues; during the chase, loss of radioactivity from the C30 compound was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the labelling of the C31 and C32 compounds. This study provides further evidence that the relatively slow growth of Botryococcus in culture may result, in part, from the diversion of a large proportion of reduced carbon into energetically expensive compounds and that the slower growth rate in the ‘resting state’ cannot be totally attributed to an impaired or intrinsically slow metabolism.
Collaborative planning: supporting automatic replenishment programs

Automatic replenishment systems that restock inventory based on actual demand triggers rather than relying on long‐range forecasts and layers of safety stock have been implemented in a great number of firms in recent years. Now these same firms are taking supply chain cooperation to another level through involvement in collaborative planning/forecasting/replenishment (CPFR). The results of a recent survey assessing current levels of involvement in cross‐organizational collaboration among firms utilizing automatic inventory replenishment are presented. The results provide strong support for positive associations between high levels of CPFR and implementation of operating process change and information system capabilities. Results supported only a very weak association between CPFR and effectiveness in achieving operational performance goals.
Oncogenic transformation induced by membrane-targeted Akt2 and Akt3

The kinases Akt2, Akt3 and their myristylated variants, Myr-Akt2 and Myr-Akt3 were expressed by the RCAS vector in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Myr-Akt2 and Myr-Akt3 were strongly oncogenic, inducing multilayered foci of transformed cells. In contrast, wild-type Akt2 and Akt3 were only poorly transforming, their efficiencies of focus formation were more than 100-fold lower; foci appeared later and showed less multilayering. Addition of the myristylation signal not only enhanced oncogenic potential but also increased kinase activities. Myr-Akt2 and Myr-Akt3 also induced hemangiosarcomas in the animal, whereas wild type Akt2 and Akt3 were not oncogenic in vivo. Furthermore, Akt2, driven by the lck (lymphocyte specific kinase) promoter in transgenic mice, induced lymphomas. The oncogenic effects of Akt2 and Akt3 described here are indistinguishable from those of Akt1. The downstream targets relevant to oncogenic transformation are therefore probably shared by the three Akt kinases.
Where have all the boundaries gone

Abstract Interstate communications in the USA are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The guidelines within which the FCC must operate are set by the Communications Act of 1934, which primarily reflects the technology and industry norms of the late 1920s. There have been dramatic improvements since the second world war in the electronic technology which supports telecommunications. The past decade has brought changes in the price and performance of electronic components, eg Large Scale Integration (LSI), so great as to be a shift in kind and not merely one of degree. The impact of these advances in technology upon the FCC has been to make some of the fundamental distinctions upon which the FCC has based its actions meaningless (eg communications/computers, telephone/telegraph, multi-point/point-to-point, and monopoly/competition). Communications common carriage can no longer adequately be distinguished from many other forms of telecommunications or from non-communications activities in any substantive technical or economic sense. While it may be possible to develop criteria upon which valid distinctions can be based, these will have to be new ones — the traditional criteria have been eroded by technology.
Does obstetrician knowledge regarding influenza increase HINI vaccine acceptance among their pregnant patients

Abstract Objectives Although numerous studies have demonstrated the safety and benefits of influenza vaccination in pregnancy, vaccination rates of pregnant women have remained low. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether physicians’ level of knowledge regarding H1N1 influenza in pregnancy is associated with vaccination frequency among their patients. Methods Between October 2009 and May 2010, all obstetricians (attending and resident physicians) at an urban tertiary care hospital were asked to complete a test that assessed knowledge of influenza. During this same time period, the vaccination status of all inpatient parturients was recorded. Associations between physician characteristics, physician test scores, and patient vaccination rates were assessed. Results 110 providers (85% of those eligible) belonging to 16 practices completed the knowledge assessment. The mean (±SD) test score was 72% (±11%). Provider test scores were not associated with whether the provider was a trainee, the number of years since completion of training, or provider age. Test scores were not correlated with the number of providers or number of deliveries per month in a given practice. Mean scores were significantly higher (75% vs 68%, p = 004) among those who attended a hospital-sponsored educational forum on H1N1, and were positively and significantly associated with the percentage of patients cared for by that group who were vaccinated against H1N1 influenza ( r = .50, p = .045). Conclusion Increased physician knowledge regarding H1N1 influenza, represented as higher test scores on a knowledge assessment test, was significantly associated with the frequency of H1N1 vaccination among their patients.
Legitimation techniques for intermarriage: Accounts of motives for intermarriage from U.S. servicemen and Philippine women

Intermarriage between members of different cultures is often negatively evaluated. How do members attempt to neutralize or manage such meanings? Reported motives for intermarriage are examined as legitimations and justifications to manage this problematic. U.S. servicemen reported motives which criticized North American women and claimed that the latter compared unfavorably to their spouse's group—Filipinos. Also, cultural differences between partners were denied or minimized. Philippine women reported motives, such as, fate and economic security. In addition to examining motives as justifications for intermarriage, they are also seen as reflecting the respective culture's vocabulary of motives.
Spatial statistical point prediction guidance for heating-rate-limited aeroassisted orbital transfer

Abstract Feedback control of constrained non-linear dynamical systems satisfying a certain optimality criterion and meeting a specified transfer objective in the state space is recognized as one of the most challenging problems in control theory. One approach to computing optimal feedback policies is the dynamic programming route of numerically solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) partial differential equation directly. In this paper an alternate and more tractable dynamic programming approach, the optimal feedback synthesis method, is utilized. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through an explicit guidance scheme for the heating-rate-constrained maneuver of an Aeroassisted Transfer Vehicle (AOTV). In optimal feedback synthesis, a feedback chart is constructed from a family of open-loop extremals, thus ensuring optimality with respect to any initial condition in the family. This paper presents a solution to the AOTV optimal feedback synthesis problem using the Gaussian process spatial prediction method of universal kriging. A closed-form expression for a near-optimal guidance law is derived. Its performance is found to be very promising; initial atmospheric entry errors due to simulated thruster misfiring are seen to be accurately corrected while the algebraic state-inequality constraint is closely respected.
Time-dependent coefficients in a Cox-type regression model

Abstract Estimation of a time-varying coefficient in a Cox-type parameterization of the stochastic intensity of a point process is considered. A sieve estimation procedure (Grenander, 1981) is used to estimate the coefficient. A rate of convergence in probability for the sieve estimator is given and a functional CLT for the integrated sieve estimator is proved.
Double representation of the body surface within cytoarchitectonic area 3b and 1 in “SI” in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus)

Microelectrode multiunit mapping studies of parietal cortex in owl monkeys indicate that the classical "primary" somatosensory region (or "SI") including the separate architectonic fields 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 contains as many as four separate representations of the body rather than one, An analysis of receptive field locations for extensive arrays of closely placed recording sites in parietal cortex which were later related to cortical architecture led to the following conclusions: (1) There are two large systematic representations of the body surface within "SI." Each is activated by low threshold cutaneous stimuli; one representation is coextensive with Area 3b and the other with Area 1. (2) While each of these representations contains regions of cortex with topological or "somatotopic" transformations of skin surface, the representations have many discontinuities where adjoining skin surfaces are not adjoining in the representations. Thus, the representations can be considered as composites of somatotopically organized regions, but cannot be accurately depicted by simple continuous homunculi. Lines of discontinuity often cut across dermatomes and seldom follow dermatomal boundaries, i.e., neither cutaneous representation constitutes a systematic representation of dermatomal skin fields. (3) While the two cutaneous fields are basically similar in organization and are approxi- mate mirror images of each other, they differ in important details, i.e., lines of discontinuity in the representations and the sites of representations of dif- ferent specific skin surfaces differ significantly in the two representations. (4) The two cutaneous representations also differ in size and in the relative propor- tions of cortex devoted to representation of various body parts. Because the pro- portions in each representation differ, they cannot both be simple reflections of overall peripheral innervation density. (5) All or part of Area 2 contains a sys- tematic representation of deep body structures. These conclusions are consistent with a view of the anterior parietal region as containing functionally distinct fields at least partially related to different subsets of receptor populations and coding or representing different aspects of somatic sensation. We suggest that the "SI" region of primates be redefined as a parietal somatosensory strip, the Area 1 representation as the posterior cuta- neous field, and, for reasons of probable homology with "SI" of other mammals, the Area 3b representation as SI proper.
BREAST CANCER AND REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY OF WOMEN IN SOUTH WALES

Abstract As part of an international collaborative study an attempt has been made to identify and interview all cases of female breast cancer coming to medical attention for the first time in Glamorgan during the two years beginning May 1, 1965. For each case interviewed 3 controls drawn from among other patients in the same hospitals were also interviewed. During the two years of the survey 710 new cases of breast cancer were identified and 619 (87%) of them were interviewed. The average annual incidence was 57·2 per 100,000 female population. The cases were of significantly higher socio-economic status and included significantly more single women than the controls. Among ever-married women increase in parity was associated with decrease in risk of breast cancer. This was not attributable to differences in lactational experience. The protective factor appeared to be strongly associated with age at first pregnancy, to the extent that after adjusting for the fact that women who have early first pregnancy tend ultimately to become of high parity, women who had had their first child at or after the age of thirty-five experienced breast-cancer risks more than twice as high as those who had their first child under twenty years of age.
AN INEXPENSIVE WEIR AND PROPORTIONAL SAMPLER FOR MINIATURE WATERSHED ECOSYSTEMS

A weir system with proportional sampler for use on miniature water-shed ecosystems is described. Eight weir collection systems were evaluated for their ability to measure and sample the inputs and outputs of soil-island ecosystems which occur on granite outcrops. The proportion of water actually collected by the weir systems was generally less than the proportion the systems were designed to sample, but adequate for supplying data needed for estimating elemental budgets. The weir systems were not able to account for 25 to 50% of the variation in total water passing over the cutoff wall. Several ways of improving overall performance of the weir systems are discussed.
The pathology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

We examined the temporal bone pathologies in 12 ears with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and found that the lesions present in these specimens and in 10 others reported in the literature are similar to lesions occurring in known cases of viral cochleitis. These lesions are unlike those resulting from known vascular causes.