cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotopes in R-chondrite magnetite and olivine: links between R chondrites and ordinary chondrites

Ion-microprobe studies yield Δ17O (=δ17O − 0.52 · δ18O) values in magnetite from the Rumurti chondrite (RC) PCA91241 (which is paired with PCA91002) of +3.1 to +3.9‰, slightly higher than that in O from whole-rock R samples. Despite Δ17O values in whole-rock RCs that are much (by ca. 1.6‰) higher than in whole-rock LL chondrites, the Δ17O in R magnetite is much lower (by ca. 2‰) than the values (+4 to +7‰) from LL3 Semarkona and Ngawi (Choi et al., 1998). The δ18O values in PCA magnetite (−15 to −10‰) are the lowest known in meteorites, well below the range in Semarkona (−4 to +9‰). On a δ17O–δ18O diagram both magnetite data sets form linear arrays with slopes of ca. 0.7, indicating mixing of O from different isotopic reservoirs; the slopes and intercepts of the two arrays are similar enough to permit them to be segments of a single array. This suggests that, in RCs and LL chondrites, magnetite formed from the same raw materials by the same processes, probably by aqueous alteration of metal in an asteroidal setting. We observed Δ17O values in olivines and pyroxene from RCs ranging from −1.2 to +2.9‰ and δ18O from +1.4 to +9.1‰. These compositions scatter in the same general range observed in chondrules from ordinary chondrites. The similarity in the O-isotopic composition of minerals that preserve a record of formation in the solar nebula supports a model in which RCs formed from nebular components similar to those in H chondrites, but with a matrix/chondrule ratio several times higher in the RCs, and with more extensive aqueous alteration in the RCs than in known H chondrites. We postulate that the matrix in R chondrites has Δ17O higher than whole-rock values. We suggest that the original Δ17O value of H2O in the RC body was similar to that incorporated into the ordinary chondrites, previously estimated by Choi et al. (1998) to be ca. +7‰ in the LL parent body.
Pain coping strategies for children with arthritis.

Objective. To present information on pain management strategies for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. The second author developed a manual to present pain management strategies to children. The use of the manual was pilot-tested with a group of children with JIA. Telephone interviews were used to gather information on implementation of pain management strategies. Results. Children were able to implement the pain management strategies. Children reported a reduction in daily pain experiences related to JIA when using the pain management strategies. Conclusions. The pain management strategies were successful as an adjunctive intervention for short-term pain management. Pain symptoms related to JIA can severely limit children's participation in daily activities. Further study on how children use pain management strategies to improve their involvement in daily activities will provide useful clinical information.
Structure of counterflow diffusion flames burning multicomponent fuels

The structure of a diffusion flame stabilized between counterflowing streams of a multicomponent fuel containing N components and an oxidizing gas stream is analyzed. It is presumed that each component of the fuel reacts only with the oxidizer, and does not influence the kinetics of pyrolysis or oxidation of the other components. The chemical reaction between each component of the fuel and the oxidizer is approximated as a one-step process with the activation energy for the reaction being large in comparison to the thermal energy in the flame. The near equilibrium regime is analyzed. The equation governing the inner reaction zone is integrated to obtain an explicit analytical expression for the Damkohler number at extinction. It is shown that the critical conditions of diffusion flame extinction (i.e. velocity gradient and oxidizer concentration in the oxidizing stream) for multicomponent fuels can be dredicted if the overall chemical kinetic rate parameters characterizing the gas phase oxidation of single component fuels are known. To test the validity of these predictions, experiments were performed on diffusion flames stabilized above heptane, toluene, methanol and a number of homogeneous solutions (with different proportions of the components of these fuels). For solutions of heptane and toluene the theoretical predictions were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. However, for solutions of methanol with toluene and for solutions of heptane toluene and methanol, the theoretical predictions were slightly different from the experimental measurements. It is suggested that the discrepancy may be due to chemical modification of pyrolysis and/or oxidation mechanisms of hydrocarbon fuels by methanol or vice versa.
Crossing transmission lines on a ferrite substrate: A TEM model

The saturated ferrite is a novel material that is commonly used to create a non-reciprocal device or network, such as a circulator or isolator. For example, when two crossing microstrip traces are placed on a ferrite slab it is possible to couple electromagnetic energy from trace one to trace two in a completely different fashion than from trace two to trace one. The mechanism for quasi-static coupling has been adequately explained using lumped-element circuit techniques. A TEM wave investigation of this same coupling is explored in this presentation.
P03-59 - Personality in first episode psychosis

Objectives To compare “big five” personality trait dimensions in psychiatrically healthy individuals and first episode psychosis (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder). Methods Clinically stable patients with first episode schizophrenia (22M, 4F) and bipolar disorder (24M, 8F), and psychiatrically healthy subjects (101M, 36F), completed the NEO-FFI personality inventory. The NEO-FFI is a 60-item self-assessment questionnaire that measures the major personality trait dimensions of neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A) and conscientiousness (C); it has good reliability and cross-cultural validity (McCrae et al, J Res Person, 2004;38:179-201). Gender-specific T-scores were analyzed using standard multivariate statistical techniques. Results As expected, age correlated with personality dimensions in the entire sample (N= -.144, p= .045; O= -.169, p= .018; A= .228, p= .001; C = .150, p= .037). MANOVA with dimension scores as dependent variables, diagnosis as a fixed factor independent variable, and age as a covariate demonstrated that schizophrenia and bipolar groups were statistically similar on N, A, and C. Both patient groups were significantly higher than comparison subjects on N and lower on A and C (see Figure). All three groups differed significantly on E (schizophrenia Conclusions Personality deviations are present in first episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are similar to abnormalities previously described in patients with more chronic illness.
Synaptic interactions between GABAergic neurons and trigeminothalamic cells in the rat trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis

Synaptic interactions between GABAergic neurons and thalamic projecting cells within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis were examined using a combined method of GABA immunohistochemistry and retrograde WGA-HRP labeling of the trigeminothalamic pathway. Results showed that GABA-positive neurons and projecting cells were separate but closely intermingled within the spinal trigeminal nucleus. GABAergic axon terminals formed symmetric synaptic connections with the cell bodies and dendrites of trigeminothalamic neurons. In turn, some WGA-HRP filled axon terminals, presumed to originate from axon collaterals of the projecting neurons, formed synaptic connections with GABA containing neurons. The results suggest that in the spinal trigeminal nucleus there is a reciprocal modulation between GABA neurons and trigeminothalamic cells.
π− -helium inelastic interactions at 140 MeV

Abstract Excited and multineutron final states have been studied in the reaction π − + 4 He . An excited state of helium is detected at 32 ± 1 MeV. Upper limits on the existence of bound trineutrons and tetraneutrons are established. Large distortions from phase-space predictions are observed in the 3-n spectrum.
STIMULUS ALTERNATION, RESPONSE REPETITION, AND RESPONSE ALTERNATION IN A MULTIPLE-CHOICE SITUATION

Upon successive encounters with a simple two-alternative situation, the commonly observed alternation phenomenon demonstrated by human and infrahuman organisms has generally been explained in terms of reaccive inhibition (Hull, 1943) or scimulus satiation (Glanzer, 1953). A further refinement of explanacion recently proposed by Thompson (1960) in a two-factor theory of inhibition explains alternation more specifically in terms of the reinforcement variable, with the importance of the stimulus variable manifesting itself only as it interacts with the reinforcement conditions. A number of experimental investigations (see Dember & Fowler, 1958) have attempted to separate the rwo kinds of alcernation by using a Cross T-maze. By starting S from opposite starting boxes on two consecutive trials, alternation of stimuli will require repetition of responses and response alcernation requires repetition of scimuli. One unforcunate aspect of the atcempcs to separate response and stimulus alternation by the use of opposite starting boxes is the failure co recognize that in the Goss T-maze, response repetition and stimulus alcernation are behaviorally indistinguishable but arbitrarily labeled the latter. The purpose in designing this study was to create a maze situation in which these factors, i.e., response repetition and stimulus alternation, could operace independently and be evaluated separately as to their relative strengths.
Use of 111In-bleomycin for combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy on glioma-bearing mice.

Mice bearing transplanted glioma received 0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mg of BLM, or 200-250 microCi of /sup 111/In-BLM (0.1 mg BLM) daily for 5 days intraperitoneally. After therapy, tumor sizes were in the order NaCl greater than BLM greater than /sup 111/In-BLM. On the 11th day after the first injection, tumor size (mm3) in the /sup 111/In-BLM group was 1220; in the BLM group, it was 2310 (P less than .025). After intratumor injection of a total dose of 0.1 mg of BLM/gm tumor weight, or of 1 mCi/gm tumor weight of /sup 111/In-BLM (carried by 0.1 mg of BLM/gm tumor weight), the tumor size decreased in the /sup 111/In-BLM group more than in the BLM group. On the 5th day after the 2nd dose therapy, the tumor size in the /sup 111/In-BLM group was 2020; in the BLM group it was 4220 (P less than .05). Host weights for these two groups were similar. The necrotic area in the tumor was much greater in the /sup 111/In-BLM group than in the BLM group. These results suggest the use for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Transforming growth factor β1 induces the expression of α1(i) procollagen mRNA by a hydrogen peroxide‐C/EBPβ‐dependent mechanism in rat hepatic stellate cells

Oxidative stress plays a key role in liver fibrosis. Both inflammatory cells and activated Kupffer cells produce H2O2, an oxidant involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in fibrotic livers is associated in part with the up-regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and this cytokine enhances collagen production by cultured HSC. However, the possible link between oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β induces collagen gene expression in HSC remains to be elucidated. To address this question, we investigated whether H2O2 is a mediator of TGF-β-elicited α1(I) collagen gene (col1a1) up-regulation. We demonstrated that TGF-β induces the accumulation of H2O2, and that this oxidant is, in turn, directly involved in up-regulating the expression of the col1a1 gene. While the addition of H2O2 to HSC induced the expression of α1(I) procollagen mRNA, catalase, an H2O2 enzyme scavenger, abrogated TGF-β-mediated col1a1 gene up-regulation. We transfected HSC with chimeric plasmids driven by different segments of the mouse col1a1 promoter and mapped acis-acting element (−370 to −344) essential for TGF-β responsiveness. We further showed that TGF-β induced the activation and binding of a C/EBPβ-containing transcriptional complex to this sequence, an effect that was also mimicked by the addition of H2O2. Taken together, these data demonstrate a direct connection between TGF-β-mediated accumulation of H2O2 and the up-regulation of col1a1gene in HSC.
The efficacy of etodolac for patients with pain following oral surgery.

The analgesic efficacy of etodolac for 161 patients reporting moderate to severe pain after oral surgery was evaluated. The patients were given single oral doses of one of the following test drugs—aspirin, 650 mg; etodolac, 50 mg; or etodolac, 200 mg—or placebo. There were at least 39 patients in each drug group. After medication, patients recorded pain intensity and pain relief at half-hour intervals for the first hour and then hourly for up to eight hours. Pain intensity differences, total pain relief, onset of analgesia, and each patient's overall opinion of the drug were analyzed. Time-effect curves were derived from the pain relief and pain intensity difference scores. Analgesic effects produced by both doses of etodolac were comparable with those of 650 mg of aspirin. All active drugs were significantly more effective than placebo, and the 200-mg dose of etodolac provided an earlier onset and longer duration of analgesia than the other test drugs.
Ventricular Fibrillation Scaling Exponent Can Guide Timing of Defibrillation and Other Therapies

Background— The scaling exponent (ScE) of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform correlates with duration of VF and predicts defibrillation outcome. We compared 4 therapeutic approaches to the treatment of VF of various durations. Methods and Results— Seventy-two swine (19.5 to 25.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 groups (n=8 each). VF was induced and left untreated until the ScE reached 1.10, 1.20, 1.30, or 1.40. Animals were treated with either immediate countershock (IC); 3 minutes of CPR before the first countershock (CPR); CPR for 2 minutes, then drugs given with 3 more minutes of CPR before the first shock (CPR-D); or drugs given at the start of CPR with 3 minutes of CPR before the first shock (Drugs+CPR). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 1-hour survival were analyzed with χ2 and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. IC was effective when the ScE was low but had decreasing success as the ScE increased. No animals in the 1.30 or 1.40 groups had ROSC from IC (0 of 16). CPR did not improve...
Altered expression of transforming growth factor‐β ligands and receptors in primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND Resistance to the potent growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a characteristic of many malignancies. TGF-β insensitivity has been attributed to alterations in the number and function of the TGF-β receptors as well as disturbances of downstream signal transduction. Paradoxically, increased levels of TGF-β ligand have been demonstrated in several types of malignant tumors. TGF-β also may play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis; however, the nature of this interaction has yet to be defined completely. METHODS To explore the potential role of TGF-β-mediated autocrine and paracrine influences in epithelial ovarian carcinoma, mRNA expression levels of the three TGF-β ligand isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) and the three TGF-β receptors (TβR-I, TβR-II, and TβR-III) were examined by Northern blot analysis in both primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to localize expression of TβR-I and TβR-II, whereas the presence of genetic alterations in TβR-I was examined through Southern blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with normal ovarian tissue, both primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas demonstrated significant overexpression of the TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 mRNA transcripts. TGF-β2 expression was detectable in 75% of primary and only 53% of recurrent tumor specimens. Alterations also were detected in TβR mRNA expression. Expression levels of TβR-III were significantly reduced in both primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Furthermore, detectable levels of TβR-I and TβR-III mRNA transcripts were present in only 47% and 50% of recurrent ovarian tumors, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that TβR-I and TβR-II expression localized to tumor cells; however, receptor staining in stromal tissue also was detected. Southern blot analysis of TβR-I did not reveal any major genetic changes to account for the absence of TβR-I expression. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in expression of TGF-β ligands and receptors consistently were greater in recurrent ovarian carcinomas compared with primary tumors, and may reflect a phenotype that promotes tumor recurrence or chemoresistance. Together, these data suggest that enhanced expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3, as well as the loss of expression of TβR-I and TβR-III, contribute to ovarian carcinogenesis and/or tumor progression. Cancer 1999;85:658–68. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Using information on realized effects to determine prospective causal effects

The potential outcomes approach to causal inference postulates that each individual has a number of possibly latent outcomes, each of which would be observed under a different treatment. For any individual, some of these outcomes will be unobservable or counterfactual. Information about post-treatment characteristics sometimes allows statements about what would have happened if an individual or group with these characteristics had received a different treatment. These are statements about the realized effects of the treatment. Determining the likely effect of an intervention before making a decision involves inference about effects in populations defined only by characteristics observed before decisions about treatment are made. Information on realized effects can tighten bounds on these prospectively defined measures of the intervention effect. We derive formulae for the bounds and their sampling variances and illustrate these points with data from a hypothetical study of the efficacy of screening mammography.
Recovery and amplification of placental RNA from dried maternal blood spots: utility for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

Methods utilizing circulating cell-free RNA in plasma have clinical applications for cancer and prenatal genetic analysis. Given these potential roles, the feasibility of detecting placental specific RNA in dried maternal blood spots after storage at room temperature for varying lengths of time was investigated. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), positive amplification of placental-specific β-human chorionic gonadotrophin transcripts was demonstrated in nine of 11 dried blood samples from first and second trimester pregnancies stored at room temperature for up to 4 weeks. This work demonstrates feasibility in isolation and amplification of placental mRNA using dried maternal blood spots. With the development of fetal and placental RNA markers, this approach would allow simplified collection, transport, and storage of samples for prenatal genetic diagnosis and pregnancy related complications.
Adenylyl cyclases in oocyte maturation: a characterization of AC isoforms in bovine cumulus cells.

Mammalian oocytes are arrested at the G2/M transition in the meiotic cell cycle. It is well known that a decrease in intraoocyte cAMP concentrations accompanies resumption of meiosis, but the precise trigger of this decrease remains a mystery. Follicular somatic cells are intimately coupled to the oocyte and are thought to transmit maturation signals to the oocyte in response to hormonal stimulation. Here, we investigate the nature of the follicular somatic cell response to hormonal stimulation by identifying and characterizing the adenylate cyclase isoforms present in bovine cumulus cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed the presence of multiple adenylyl cyclase isoforms in bovine granulosa and cumulus cells. Pharmacological manipulation of the AC isoforms showed that multiple isoforms were indeed active. Our data indicate that the PKC inhibited adenylate cyclases IV and VI and the calcium-stimulated isoform I predominate in bovine cumulus cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1202–1210, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Clinical Significance of Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Study of 1316 Patients with Chest Disease

1)A study of 1,316 patients with thoracic disease has been presented, 497 of whom had suffered pulmonary hemorrhage. 2)The clinical significance of pulmonary bleeding has been statistically evaluated. 3)This symptom predicates serious underlying disease in 90 per cent of patients presenting it and demands immediate and intensive investigation. 4)The relative frequency of the occurrence of hemoptysis in individual disease entities has been noted. It may occur in any disease associated with bronchial ulceration or compression. The relatively higher incidence in bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis and lung abscess than in pulmonary tuberculosis has been stressed. The occurrence of bleeding with mediastinal lesions and tumors metastatic to the lung is emphasized. 5)Emphasis is laid upon the importance of any variation from the usual type of hemoptysis seen in "acute pneumonia," and the need for investigation to rule out possible underlying neoplasm. 6)No correlation can be made between the type of hemoptysis and the underlying disease, other than a tendency to more copious hemorrhage in patients with pulmonary abscess. 7)The importance of the patient's subjective localization of the bleeding site is stressed, and the methods of clinical investigation outlined and discussed. 8)With the addition of staining methods for the study of tumor cells in the sputum and the intelligent use of exploratory thoracotomy, a decrease in the "hemoptysis, etiology undetermined" group is to be expected. 9)It is hoped that this analysis may aid in a better understanding of the clinical significance of pulmonary hemorrhage and thus lead to the earlier recognition and treatment of thoracic disease, especially tumors.
Why Are Sex and Recombination So Common

The abundance of sex and recombination is still one of the most puzzling questions in the theory of evolution: Most models find that recombination can evolve, but only under a limited range of parameters. Here we review the major models and supporting evidence, concentrating on recent approaches where more realistic assumptions help explain the evolution of sex and recombination under a wider parameter range: finite populations, selection over long genomes, variation in recombination across the genome, and plasticity of sex and recombination. We discuss the similarities and differences between the evolution of sex and that of recombination.
CORR insights: do patients lose weight after joint arthroplasty surgery? A systematic review.

This CORR Insights™ is a commentary on the article “Do Patients Lose Weight After Joint Arthroplasty Surgery? A Systematic Review” by Inacio and colleagues available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-012-2537-7.
Q-Balls in Superfluid 3He

We show that there exists a nontopological soliton in the superfluid 3He-A phase near T AB. The possibility that the soliton causes the 3He A-B transition is examined. Some properties of the soliton are considered.
The changing role of business associations in democratizing Taiwan

This article examines the role of business associations in Taiwan. It begins by comparing the three approaches used to explain state‐society relations in modern Taiwan: capitalist, corporatist, and pluralist. Legal requirements for economic organizations reflect a corporatist impulse. However, empirical measurements of associations’ communications with government, government supervision of associations, and economic impacts on state policy demonstrate increasing pluralism. Today's business associations have greater autonomy than previously, but at the cost of reduced control over their members. SMEs and large conglomerates have growing political influence in Taiwan's changing political economy.
A Chemiluminescence Detector for Transition Metals Separated by Ion Exchange

Abstract The means by which transition metals, separated as anionic complexes by ion exchange column, can be detected is described. The chemiluminescence of the luminol-H2O2 reaction catalyzed by these metals as they emerge from the column and are monitored continuously is used as the detector. Other studies have shown that the emission is proportional to the catalyst concentration; this fact is relied upon in this study.1–9
FRICTIONAL EFFECTS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN β -ANNEALED Ti-6Al-4V

— The crack tip cyclic heat generation rate, fatigue crack growth rate, and the crack closure stress were measured in a β-annealed Ti-6Al-4V for R ratios of -0.1, 0.1 and 0.2. The R= -0.1 and 0.1 cases exhibited macroscopic crack closure and the R = 0.2 case exhibited no macroscopic crack closure as measured by strain gage techniques. There was a transition in the slope of the da/dN vs ΔK curve for the closure cases and no transition for the no-closure case. The crack tip heat generation rate above the transition for the closure cases was an order of magnitude greater than for the no-closure case. Also the crack tip heat generation rate below the transition was greater for the closure cases than for the no-closure case. The transition in the heat generation rate and the crack growth rate was attributed to a transition from static frictional locking of shear branch cracks to sliding of the branch crack surfaces. Below the transition the crack faces are locked open creating a large roughness-induced closure component. When the branch cracks are allowed to undergo reverse shear, the amount of roughness-induced closure markedly decreases and the fracture surface becomes less tortuous. The relative sliding generates the increased heat.
Dynamics and domain walls: is the “landscape paradigm” instructive?

Abstract General questions concerning the dynamics of systems with many degrees of freedom are discussed, focussing on approach to equilibrium in simple statistical mechnical models. The contrasts between the behavior of systems with short-range interactions and mean-field pictures in terms of energy “landscapes” are emphasized. It is shown how much of the behavior of systems with short-range interactions can be described in terms of domain walls and their dynamics. Simple Ising magnetic models, both ferromagnets and spin glasses, are used as a paradigm.
How companies overcome barriers to overseas business

The choice to a company among exporting, acquiring other firms, licensing products and services, and entering into strategic alliances with other business firms is often strongly influenced by governmental policies and practices. In turn, companies’ responses to such influences have increasing feedback effects on governmental activities as public-sector decision-makers are being forced to understand that they now have to become internationally competitive in the economic policies they devise.
Incremental variations of image moments for nonlinear image registration

In this paper, we use image moments to solve the problem of estimating deformation fields given a pair of images as input. We use a single family of polynomials to parameterize the deformation field and to define image moments. In this way, variations in image moments can be represented by a set of linear equations. We solve these equations iteratively for the deformation parameters between two shapes. Our approach improves existing moment-based registration methods in both robustness to noise and convergence rate. In addition, our method does not rely on solving the correspondence problem. We have extensively tested our new method on both synthetically deformed MPEG-7 shapes and real-world biomedical images.
Adopting and adapting a commercial view of web services for the Navy

Web Services are being adopted as the enabling technology to provide net-centric capabilities for many Department of Defense operations. The Navy Enterprise Portal, for example, is Web Services-based, and the Department of the Navy is promulgating guidance for developing Web Services. Web Services, however, only constitute a baseline specification that provides the foundation on which users, under current approaches, write specialized applications in order to retrieve data over the Internet. Application development may increase dramatically as the number of different available Web Services increases. Reasons for specialized application development include XML schema versioning differences, adoption/use of diverse business rules, security access issues, and time/parameter naming constraints, among others. We are currently developing for the US Navy a system which will improve delivery of timely and relevant meteorological and oceanographic (MetOc) data to the warfighter. Our objective is to develop an Advanced MetOc Broker (AMB) that leverages Web Services technology to identify, retrieve and integrate relevant MetOc data in an automated manner. The AMB will utilize a Mediator, which will be developed by applying ontological research and schema matching techniques to MetOc forms of data. The AMB, using the Mediator, will support a new, advanced approach to the use of Web Services; namely, the automated identification, retrieval and integration of MetOc data. Systems based on this approach will then not require extensive end-user application development for each Web Service from which data can be retrieved. Users anywhere on the globe will be able to receive timely environmental data that fits their particular needs.
Bean lectins. III. Evidence for greater complexity in the structural model of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin

Abstract Purified lectin proteins from the bean cultivar ‘Tendergreen’ were separated on S-P Sephadex C-50. The five major fractions obtained corresponded to the postulated five tetrameric forms: E 4 , E 3 L 1 , E 2 L 2 , E 1 L 3 and L 4 , composed of an erythro-agglutinating subunit (E) and a leuco-agglutinating subunit (L). Further separation using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed greater complexity for the polypeptide composition of these fractions. In particular, two major polypeptides differing from the major erythro-agglutinating polypeptide were found in the L 4 , E 1 L 3 and E 2 L 2 fractions. Also, two minor polypeptides were present in the E 4 , E 3 L 1 , E 2 L 2 and E 1 L 3 fractions.
Re-induction therapy decisions based on day 14 bone marrow biopsy in acute myeloid leukemia

Purpose The decision to re-induce patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on results of the day 14 bone marrow (BM) biopsy is variable and lacks evidence based data. The aim of our review was to evaluate the accuracy of a day 14 BM biopsy in determining the need for re-induction chemotherapy.
Inventory policies for products with bi-level demand: optimal and heuristic algorithms

Marketing literature has long recognised price elasticity can increase the short term mean demand by as much as 400%. In this paper, we capture this behaviour of demand using a bi-level demand function and address the related inventory management problem. The seemingly simple problem turns out to be difficult to solve optimally. We present optimal and heuristic approaches. We also reformulate this problem by making price and duration as decision variables under profit maximisation environment and present calculus-based solutions.
Principal lattices over commutative orders

Abstract We describe a method for determining computationally whether a given lattice is a principal fractional ideal of its order.
A Yersinia effector with enhanced inhibitory activity on the NF-κB pathway activates the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 inflammasome in macrophages.

A type III secretion system (T3SS) in pathogenic Yersinia species functions to translocate Yop effectors, which modulate cytokine production and regulate cell death in macrophages. Distinct pathways of T3SS-dependent cell death and caspase-1 activation occur in Yersinia-infected macrophages. One pathway of cell death and caspase-1 activation in macrophages requires the effector YopJ. YopJ is an acetyltransferase that inactivates MAPK kinases and IKKβ to cause TLR4-dependent apoptosis in naive macrophages. A YopJ isoform in Y. pestis KIM (YopJKIM) has two amino acid substitutions, F177L and K206E, not present in YopJ proteins of Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis CO92. As compared to other YopJ isoforms, YopJKIM causes increased apoptosis, caspase-1 activation, and secretion of IL-1β in Yersinia-infected macrophages. The molecular basis for increased apoptosis and activation of caspase-1 by YopJKIM in Yersinia-infected macrophages was studied. Site directed mutagenesis showed that the F177L and K206E substitutions in YopJKIM were important for enhanced apoptosis, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion. As compared to YopJCO92, YopJKIM displayed an enhanced capacity to inhibit phosphorylation of IκB-α in macrophages and to bind IKKβ in vitro. YopJKIM also showed a moderately increased ability to inhibit phosphorylation of MAPKs. Increased caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion occurred in IKKβ-deficient macrophages infected with Y. pestis expressing YopJCO92, confirming that the NF-κB pathway can negatively regulate inflammasome activation. K+ efflux, NLRP3 and ASC were important for secretion of IL-1β in response to Y. pestis KIM infection as shown using macrophages lacking inflammasome components or by the addition of exogenous KCl. These data show that caspase-1 is activated in naive macrophages in response to infection with a pathogen that inhibits IKKβ and MAPK kinases and induces TLR4-dependent apoptosis. This pro-inflammatory form of apoptosis may represent an early innate immune response to highly virulent pathogens such as Y. pestis KIM that have evolved an enhanced ability to inhibit host signaling pathways.
Activity normalization for lean-NOx catalysts

Abstract Steady-state activity of two representative lean-NO x catalysts — Pt-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 — has been analyzed for the NO + C 2 H 4 + O 2 reaction under highly oxidizing conditions, typical of lean-burn gasoline engine exhaust. Results indicate that the steady-state activity of these catalysts exhibits a first-order homogeneous response with respect to changes in reactant feed concentrations. Identification of this unique kinetic behavior has enabled us to develop an activity normalization scheme by which the activity of a lean-NO x catalyst measured under different experimental conditions can be compared on an equal basis, provided the feed concentration ratios are kept constant. Also discussed is how the normalization scheme can be used for the efficient experimental design and the optimum control of lean-NO x catalysts for maximum catalytic activity along with its limitations.
Comparison of diltiazem and nifedipine for both angina pectoris and systemic hypertension

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, diltiazem and nifedipine were compared in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris and mild to moderate hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg). Patients received placebo for 2 weeks, then increasing doses of diltiazem (90 to 360 mg/day) or nifedipine (30 to 120 mg/day) in 3 daily divided doses over 2 weeks, followed by 1 week of therapy at the maximal dose, a 1-week placebo "washout," then crossover to the other drug. Heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during exercise, anginal frequency, nitroglycerin consumption and treadmill exercise tolerance were assessed. Compared with placebo, anginal frequency and nitroglycerin consumption were reduced with both diltiazem and nifedipine (p less than 0.01) and exercise tolerance was increased with both drugs (p less than 0.01). Standing blood pressure at rest was reduced by diltiazem and nifedipine (146.6 +/- 11.4/97.7 +/- 5.3 mm Hg at placebo, baseline reduced to 129.6 +/- 15.2/79.5 +/- 13.7 mm Hg with diltiazem, and to 122.2 +/- 9.9/82.0 +/- 7.1 with nifedipine, p less than 0.01 for both). Compared with placebo, diltiazem and nifedipine also reduced exercise diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.01), but not systolic blood pressure. Diltiazem lowered the heart rate at rest from 88.5 +/- 14.4 beats/min at placebo baseline to 79.7 +/- 17.9 beats/min (p less than 0.01); the heart rate with diltiazem was 11 beats/min lower than that with nifedipine (p less than 0.05). Both diltiazem and nifedipine had similar effects on the heart rate-blood pressure product at rest and during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silver Line Bus Rapid Transit in Boston, Massachusetts: Impacts on Sale Prices of Condominiums Along Washington Street

As bus rapid transit (BRT) continues to grow in popularity in the United States, a better understanding of the mode's impacts on land uses and property values continues to be needed. This research sought to quantify the impacts of access to BRT stations on the sale prices of surrounding condominiums located along Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts, where Phase 1 of the Silver Line BRT began operating in 2002. The hypothesis that the BRT stations had an impact on market value similar to light rail transit projects (considering the level and permanence of the investment) was tested with a hedonic regression methodology for estimating the impact of access to BRT stations on sale prices of condominium units. A key result was that, for condominium sales in 2007 or 2009, the BRT premium was approximately 7.6%. For condominium sales in 2000 and 2001, before the opening of the Silver Line, no sales premium existed for proximity to the corridor. These results suggest that access to high-quality transit ser...
Personality, death anxiety, and gender

Previous studies of personality and death anxiety have ignored the issue of gender. Presented are data for 426 adults, ranging in age from 18 to 90 years old, with correlates of personality traits and death anxiety scores. Men and women are shown to differ on 8 of 15 comparisons.
School portfolio development: A teacher knowledge approach

This article features a teacher knowledge approach to school portfolio development that was used with teachers on five campuses involved in a major national reform movement. The narrative method shows how teacher knowledge is made public and shared through school portfolio making. Particular emphasis is placed on the connections between and among reflection and action relating to individual, collective, and school change.
Specific 5α-Dihydrotestosterone Receptors in Human Gingiva

The cytoplasm of normal human male and female gingiva contains a receptor capable of specifically binding 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This binding has a high affinity for DHT (Kd, ~2.2 × 10−9 M) and a low capacity (~190 fmol/mg protein). The binding is extremely heat sensitive and exhibits a pattern of competition similar to that obtained with DHT receptors from other target tissues. The demonstration of a specific DHT receptor in human gingiva provides the first direct biochemical evidence that this tissue may function as a target organ for androgens. There was no correlation between the Kd in normal tissue and gingival hyperplasia or between the Kd or number of binding sites and the age or sex of the patient. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.0005) between the amount of DHT-binding sites per mg protein in normal tissue as compared to gingival hyperplasia (drugs or pregnancy).
Enterococci predictions from partial least squares regression models in conjunction with a single-sample standard improve the efficacy of beach management advisories.

Beach health advisories are issued if enterococci (ENT) densities exceed the 30-d geometric mean or single-sample water quality criteria. Current ENT enumeration procedures require 1 day of incubation; therefore, beach managers make policy decisions using 1-day-old data. This is tantamount to using a model that assumes ENT density on day t is equal to ENT density on day t − 1. Research has shown that ENT densities vary over time scales shorter than a day, calling into question the usefulness of the current model for decision-making. We created Dynamic Partial Least Square Regression (DPLSR) models for ENT at water quality monitoring stations within two adjacent marine recreational sites, Huntington State Beach (HSB) and Huntington City (HCB) Beach, California, using publicly available environmental data and tested whether these models overcome the drawbacks of the current model. The DPLSR models provide a better prediction of ENT than the current models based on comparisons of root-mean-square errors of p...
Helix packing in membrane proteins.

Abstract A survey of 45 transmembrane (TM) helices and 88 helix packing interactions in three independent transmembrane protein structures reveals the following features. (1) Helix lengths range from 14 to 36 residues with an average length of 26.4 residues. There is a preference for lengths greater than 20 residues. (2) The helices are tilted with respect to the bilayer normal by an average of 21°, but there is a decided preference for smaller tilt angles. (3) The distribution of helix packing angles is very different than for soluble proteins. The most common packing angles for TM helices are centered around +20° while for soluble proteins packing angles of around −35° are the most prevalent. (4) The average distance of closest approach is 9.6 A, which is the same as soluble proteins. (5) There is no preference for the positioning of the point of closest approach along the length of the helices. (6) It is almost a rule that TM helices pack against neighbors in the sequence. Of the 37 helices that have a sequence neighbor, 36 of them are in significant contact with a neighbor. (7) An antiparallel orientation is more prevalent than a parallel orientation and antiparallel interactions are more intimate on average. The general features of helix bundle membrane protein architecture described in this survey should prove useful in the modeling of helix bundle transmembrane proteins.
Relationship between supersaturation and crystal inhibition in hypercalciuric rats

Relationship between supersaturation and crystal inhibition in hypercalciuric rats. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals do not precipitate in large amounts in normal urine despite considerable supersaturation (SS), partly because urine inhibits crystal nucleation, aggregation, and growth. In normal rats and rats bred for hypercalciuria (GHS), we varied SS by varying calcium intake to test the hypothesis that increased SS might deplete inhibitors and reduce inhibition of crystal formation. In normal rats when compared to a low calcium diet (0.02% Ca), a high calcium diet (1.2% Ca) raised the SS of CaOx from 0.8 to 8.2. The high calcium diet also raised the upper limit of metastability (ULM) of CaOx (the SS at which crystals form in urine) from 11.8 to 36. In GHS rats, diet change altered CaOx SS from 1.5 to 12, and ULM from 17 to 50 (all differences, P P P = NS, both changes). Therefore, CaP SS rose close to the ULM, posing a high stone risk. The stones formed by these rats are composed of CaP. Increasing CaOx SS by diet raises ULM for CaOx thereby offsetting the risk of CaOx stones in rats.
Biochemical systematics of bees in the Ceratina calcarata-dupla complex

Abstract Using hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase as genetic markers, it was found that Ceratina calcarata and C. dupla interbred only occasionally in nature where they were sympatric. Therefore, they should be considered as two bona fide species, even though females are morphologically identical.
Distribution, ecology, and conservation of Hermes copper (Lycaenidae: Lycaena [Hermelycaena] hermes)

Hermes copper butterfly (Lycaena [Hermelycaena] hermes) is a rare species inhabiting the coastal sage scrub adjacent to San Diego, CA USA. Conservation groups and wildlife agencies recognize this species is threatened by habitat loss due to urbanization and recent wildfires extirpating local populations. To assess the status of the Hermes copper, we summarize the literature concerning taxonomy, distribution, and ecology, as well as present original distributional and ecological data. Adults were sampled by presence/absence surveys, Pollard Walks, and mark-release-recapture. The current distribution is reduced from historic ranges, specifically in extreme southern and northern San Diego County. Recent wildfires in 2003 and 2007 led to the extirpation of many populations, with only one post-fire recolonization documented. Adult emergence dates ranged from mid-May to early June, while densities varied from five to nine-fold among years based on peak abundance and mark-release-recapture estimates, respectively. We observed significantly more males; most were territorial and exhibit a relatively sedentary behavior. The median dispersal range was 25.8 and 11.3 m, and the median minimum distance traveled was 34.4 and 17.6 m at Rancho Jamul Ecological Reserve and Hollenbeck Canyon Wildlife Area, respectively. The longest recorded movement by an individual was 1,132.0 m. Post-fire habitat recovery and the ability to move across the landscape are essential for the Hermes copper to persist in an increasingly dynamic and fragmented coastal sage scrub habitat. Therefore, we need to develop a better understanding of habitat requirements and connectivity of populations for the long-term management and conservation of this species.
SEACON: An Integrated Approach to the Analysis and Design of Secure Enterprise Architecture-Based Computer Networks

The extent methods largely ignore the importance of integrating security requirements with business requirements and providing built-in steps for dealing with these requirements seamlessly. To address this problem, a new approach to secure network analysis and design is presented. The proposed method, called the SEACON method, provides an integrated approach to use existing principles of information systems analysis and design with the unique requirements of distributed secure network systems. We introduce several concepts including security adequacy level, process-location-security matrix, data-location- security matrix, and secure location model to provide built-in mechanisms to capture security needs and use them seamlessly throughout the steps of analyzing and designing secure networks. This method is illustrated and compared to other secure network design methods. The SEACON method is found to be a useful and effective method.
Allelism of Silver, Gold, and Imperfect Albinism in the Fowl

WERRET et al.1 described a series of matings, starting with a non-silver male resulting from a cross of a Brown Leghorn sire by a Light Sussex dam, which suggested that the gene for silver (S) had mutated to that for semi-albinism, designated by them as sal. As the mutant gene also proved to be recessive to that for gold (s), together they formed a series of three alleles at one locus on the sex chromosome. Mueller and Hutt2 first described imperfect or semi-albinism (al), and afterwards Hutt3 reported on the linkage relationships of his al to other genes on that chromosome. Although Hutt had no specific tests of linkage of al with S, both these genes were tested with others located nearby. Identical linkages (0.7 per cent) were found with the gene for dwarf (dw) ; but for the gene for rapid feathering (k), where there were more gametes tested and the map distance was considerably less, k was closer (1.6 per cent) to al than to S (2.8 per cent), a situation that did not suggest possible allelism. Hutt therefore placed al between S and k, a little closer (1.2 per cent) to the former.
Naphthalocyanine chromophores for WORM-type optical data storage media

Hoechst Celanese's proprietary naphthalocyanine record-ing layer materials exhibit excellent performance for a write-once read many (WORM) optical data storage media. This pit-forming medium shows a CNR greater than 50 dB and a bit error rate less than 1 x 10 for data recorded at either 780 or 830 nm. The stability under accelerated aging conditions is superior to that for coririercial media.