cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-arcsecond measurement testbed and its relationship to the Space Interferometer Mission

This paper describes the relationship between the Space Interferometer Mission (SIM) and the Micro-Arcsecond Measurement Testbed (MAM). MAM is necessary because differences exist between the starlight and the metrology measurements through the SIM instrument optical path. The goal of MAM is to establish the methodologies required to reduce these differences. The targeted SIM instrument performance requires these differences to be at the pico-meter level. Starlight and metrology difference errors can be grouped into two categories: field dependent and field independent errors. The field independent errors are either random (i.e., vibration) or drift (i.e., thermal mirror warping). The field dependent errors introduce differences between metrology and starlight that change as a function of 'look' angle. An example field dependent error is the different diffraction effects on the two beams as the delay line slews. SIM's fundamental error mitigation approach is to reduce the field dependent errors down to the prescribed error budget levels, then calibrate out the remaining field dependent portion. The paper describes the recipe to generate the MAM error budget. Since MAM is inherently a subset of SIM, the MAM testbed addresses a subset of the total SIM error budget. The paper describes the approach to determining the relevant MAM portion. In addition, it describes the derivation of the overall MAM error budget, including allocations for the pseudo star errors. The paper maps the SIM observing scenario to a MAM test measurement. A successful MAM measurement will be defined in terms of the actual measurements, the metric applied and its relationship to the MAM error budget.
IMPACTS AND MASS EXTINCTIONS REVISITED

On several occasions at impact geology- and paleontology-related meetings during the past 10 years, I have heard the statement from colleagues that major extinctions must be linked to large asteroid or comet impact events because “what else could it be?” (i.e., what other known mechanisms, terrestrial or extraterrestrial, could drive the geologically rapid loss of a majority of Earth's species?) Although I am strongly pro-impact in my view of Earth history, I think that it is time to reappraise our state of knowledge within impact geology and mass-extinction research, and to examine the widely postulated link between impacts and mass extinctions more critically. It has been over 25 years since the landmark study of Alvarez et al. (1980) launched the global-scale search by the geological and paleontological communities for quantitative, testable evidence tying impact to extinction. Where then do we stand today? In this SPOTLIGHT, I highlight some recent advances in impact geology that have direct bearing on our ability to recognize the signature of ancient impact events and on our ability to link these events to mass killings. The continuing challenge (and frustration!) facing any hypothesized link between impact and extinction is well illustrated in Figure 1. Major biotope events documented in the fossil record may have been driven by a number of very different, potentially interacting causes, both telluric (terrestrial) and cosmic (extraterrestrial) in ultimate origin. These could lead via very different pathways to results that are, at least superficially, very similar. Of the proposed cosmic mechanisms responsible potentially for driving biotic crises, large-body hypervelocity impact remains the most important and the most readily testable in the geological record. FIGURE 1 —Flow chart showing the possible driving mechanisms and complex interactions that could lead ultimately to a global bioevent (after Walliser, 1996) Jared Morrow (doing his …
Towards the Recovery of l-Aspartic Acid from Aqueous Solution: Exploiting pH-Dependent Solubility via Carbon Dioxide Addition

While the use of gas antisolvents has been described widely in the literature for precipitation of solutes from organic solutions, fewer studies describe their use on aqueous solutions. The primary objective of this initial investigation was to explore the use of carbon dioxide gas to exploit the pH-dependent solubility of l-aspartic acid for its separation from aqueous solution. Experimental data are presented and discussed for the aqueous solubilities of l-aspartic acid at 25°C over the pH range 2 to 6. A minimum solubility of 0.039 M was found near the isoelectric point at pH=2.79; solubilities increased moving away from the isoelectric pH to higher and lower pH values. Preliminary data that demonstrate using carbon dioxide as an acidulent to precipitate l-aspartic acid from aqueous solution are also presented. These preliminary data are used to draw inferences regarding the characteristics of compounds that might exploit this separation technique.
DEGRADATION OF INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE IN MUTANTS OF AEROBACTER AEROGENES.

Harold, F. M. (National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colo.), and Ruth L. Harold. Degradation of inorganic polyphosphate in mutants of Aerobacter aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 89:1262–1270. 1965.—Extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes contained two enzymes capable of degrading polyphosphate, polyphosphatase and polyphosphate kinase. By use of a suicide technique, a mutant (Pn-4) blocked in polyphosphate degradation was isolated; this mutant was found to lack polyphosphatase. The results indicate that polyphosphatase mediates the main pathway of polyphosphate degradation, and, therefore, that polyphosphate does not serve as a microbial phosphagen. A second mutant (Pn-3) exhibited transient accumulation of polyphosphate when cells were transferred to fresh growth medium. This strain was constitutive for elevated levels of polyphosphate kinase, polyphosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase; the transient accumulation of polyphosphate may be due to the shifting ratios of the biosynthetic and degradative enzymes during growth. These mutants were employed in studies on the competitive relationship between polyphosphate and nucleic acids. It was concluded that nucleic acid synthesis inhibits polyphosphate synthesis and also stimulates polyphosphate degradation.
The Medicare Health Outcomes Survey program: Overview, context, and near-term prospects

In 1996, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) initiated the development of the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (HOS). It is the first national survey to measure the quality of life and functional health status of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed care. The program seeks to gather valid and reliable health status data in Medicare managed care for use in quality improvement activities, public reporting, plan accountability and improving health outcomes based on competition. The context that led to the development of the HOS was formed by the convergence of the following factors: 1) a recognized need to monitor the performance of managed care plans, 2) technical expertise and advancement in the areas of quality measurement and health outcomes assessment, 3) the existence of a tested functional health status assessment tool (SF-36®)1, which was valid for an elderly population, 4) CMS leadership, and 5) political interest in quality improvement. Since 1998, there have been six baseline surveys and four follow up surveys. CMS, working with its partners, performs the following tasks as part of the HOS program: 1) Supports the technical/scientific development of the HOS measure, 2) Certifies survey vendors, 3) Collects Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set(HEDIS®)2 HOS data, 4) Cleans, scores, and disseminates annual rounds of HOS data, public use files and reports to CMS, Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs), Medicare+Choice Organizations (M+COs), and other stakeholders, 5) Trains M+COs and QIOs in the use of functional status measures and best practices for improving care, 6) Provides technical assistance to CMS, QIOs, M+COs and other data users, and 7) Conducts analyses using HOS data to support CMS and HHS priorities. CMS has recently sponsored an evaluation of the HOS program, which will provide the information necessary to enhance the future administration of the program. Information collected to date reveals that the HOS program is a valuable tool that provides a rich set of data that is useful for quality monitoring and improvement efforts. To enhance the future of the HOS program, many stakeholders recommend the implementation of incentives to encourage the use of the data, while others identify the need to monitor the health status of plan disenrollees. Overall, the HOS program represents an important vehicle for collecting outcomes data from Medicare beneficiaries. The new Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) mandates the collection and use of data for quality, outcomes measurement, program administration, and facilitating consumer choice. Consequently, it is important that the HOS program effectively meet this mandate.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

sis may be difficult because of the variable presentation and degree of scar separation, fetal bradycardia is present in nearly 70% of cases and may be preceded by a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. Fetal bradycardia is the most common sign of uterine rupture; other signs and symptoms include abdominal pain (7–10%), vaginal bleeding (3–5%), hemodynamic instability (5–10%), and recession of presenting part ( 5%) (fig. 1). 10 Although pain is not often associated with uterine rupture, some patients will complain of varying and/or upper abdominal pain resulting from blood and amniotic fluid produced by diaphragmatic irritation. The classic symptoms (i.e., hypotension, fetal bradycardia, loss of contractions measured by intrauterine pressure catheterization, atypical abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding) are present in only 17% of cases. 10 Uterine dehiscence refers to a subclinical separation of a previous uterine incision and is often, but not always, asymptomatic. Although transverse uterine scars are assumed to be safer and less vascular than classic uterine scars, delayed diagnosis and treatment of transverse scar rupture can still result in serious maternal and fetal complications.
The Skinny on Celebrities: Parasocial Relationships Moderate the Effects of Thin Media Figures on Women’s Body Image

Much research demonstrates that exposure to thin media ideals has a negative effect on women’s body image. The present research suggests a notable and important exception to this rule. The authors propose the parasocial relationship-moderation hypothesis—that parasocial, or one-sided, relationships (PSRs) moderate the effects of thin media figures on body image. Specifically, the authors propose that having a PSR with a media figure increases the likelihood of assimilating, rather than contrasting, the PSR’s body to the self. Study 1 found that women who perceived similarity with a thin model felt better about their bodies than those who did not perceive similarity. Study 2 found that women were more satisfied with their bodies after exposure to a favorite celebrity they perceived as thin than a control celebrity they perceived as thin. Finally, Study 3 suggests that assimilation was the underlying mechanism of increased body satisfaction after exposure to a thin favorite celebrity.
IgG4 related cardiac disease

IgG4-related systemic disease is an inflammatory disorder that can affect many organs. This case report describes a patient who in 2004 was found to have an inflammatory pseudotumor with IgG4 pathology. Over the next 3 years, visual symptoms responded well to recurrent courses of prednisone. In 2009, the patient developed chest pain and bradycardia with subsequent third-degree heart block, necessitating placement of a pacemaker. A subsequent PET scan showed extensive involvement of multiple organs as described in IgG4 disease as well as involvement of the myocardium and SA node. Pseudotumors involving the heart have been reported but have not been shown to be related to IgG4 disease. Although there was no pathology confirmation of heart involvement, the nature and extent of the organ involvement led us to conclude that it was due to IgG4-related disease. The use of the PET scan may help identify involvement of the myocardium.
Focal cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: a single institute’s perspective

With the stage migration of prostate cancer witnessed in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s along with the persistent morbidities associated with prostatectomy and radiation therapy, the concept of focal prostate cancer treatment remains quite attractive. Herein we evaluate the tolerability and non-oncologic outcomes of a highly select cohort of men that underwent focal cryoablation of the prostate for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Pre-operatively, erectile function was assessed by SHIM questionnaire while voiding symptoms were assessed by AUA symptom score. Twenty-six highly select patients (23 low-risk prostate cancer and 3 intermediate-risk prostate cancer) with documented minimal disease on saturation prostate biopsy underwent focal cryoablation of the prostate (24 hemi-ablation and 2 subtotal ablation). Subsequently, serum PSAs were obtained every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter. PSA failure was defined as an increase of 0.50 ng/ml over nadir. Mean follow-up was 19.1 months. Subjective assessment of erectile function and voiding was assessed post-operatively at each visit. Based on our PSA failure definition, 11.5% (3 patients) of the cohort experienced biochemical failure. In two of the three patients, localized disease was detected on subsequent transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. These two patients went on to have favorable PSA nadirs after undergoing conventional definitive therapy (one patient had external beam radiation and one patient had whole gland cryoablation). Within the study cohort, 27% (7 patients) reported new post-operative erectile dysfunction requiring therapy while no patients reported new post-operative urinary incontinence or worsening of voiding symptoms. These preliminary results add to the expanding body of literature that the minimally invasive focal cryosurgical ablation of the prostate is a safe procedure with few side effects. The true extent of cancer control remains in question, but in highly select patients, favorable PSA kinetics have been demonstrated. If confirmed by further studies with long-term follow-up, this treatment approach could have a profound effect on prostate cancer management.
Decision Aids for Tunneling: Update

Decision aids for tunneling (DAT), a computer-based tool, are used to determine tunnel construction cost and time as well as other information related to tunnel construction. Most important, the DAT allow uncertainties to be considered, an essential aspect in modern project and construction management. A brief overview of the DAT and of a variety of applications is first provided to (re)familiarize the reader. Emphasis is then placed on two recent DAT applications, namely, updating and resource management. Updating uses information collected during construction to reduce uncertainties. The resource management application shown here deals with reuse of muck to produce concrete. These practical cases reemphasize the wide variety of applications that can benefit from the use of the DAT.
Induction of resistance to insect growth regulators.

Laboratory colonies of Culex pipiens pipiens L., Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, and Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) were submitted to selection pressure at the EC60 level in each generation; 7 different JH mimics and diftubenzuron were thus investigated for their liability to induce resistance. For each insect, test methods for assessing their susceptibility levels were developed to trace development of resistance. Methoprene induced resistance in C. p. pipiens , and tolerance in the 2 other species. Triprene induced resistance in C. p. pipiens and hydroprene induced it in T. confusum . Diflubenzuron induced a modest resistance in C. p. pipiens and T. confusum while Stauffer R-20458 and Hoffmann-LaRoche Ro-20-3600 did not Stauffer R-20458 and kinoprene induced tolerance in O. fasciatus . The methoprene-resistance developed in C. p. pipiens was at first handicapped by a greatly reduced reproductive success, but after 40 generations of pressure and the attainment of a 100-fold resistance, the reproductive success had returned to normal. This resistance showed polyfactoral inheritance and extended in cross-resistance to 5 other JH mimics but not to diflubenzuron nor to conventional insecticides.
The effects of discourse genre on English language complexity in school-age deaf students.

This study explored the effects of discourse genre on the complexity of English language produced by school-age deaf students. Subjects were 13 profoundly deaf students, ages 7;1 to 14;8, who had been educated using only an English-based sign system in public schools. Language samples were elicited in three conditions: a traditional spontaneous interaction, a narrative elicitation using pictures, and an interview in which the examiner asked cognitively and linguistically challenging questions. The results show that students produced the most complex English language during the interview, as measured by the use of embedded clauses, conjunctions, and modals. In contrast to previous studies, utterance length in this one did not vary as a function of sample type, likely because segmentation of the samples was based on the T-unit, not sentences. The results have implications for language sampling with school-age students, both in terms of efficacy and ecological validity. It is well established that deaf students frequently have difficulty attaining levels of English competence comparable to those of their hearing peers (Bornstein, Saulnier, & Hamilton, 1980; Geers, Moog, & Schick, 1984; Kretschmer & Kretschmer, 1978; Quigley, Power, & Steinkamp, 1977). Deaf students' difficulties with English grammar have significant impact on their reading skills and academic achievement, which also tend to be below that of their hearing peers (Geers &
Considerations in the design of naval electric power systems

A discussion of the historical approach to the design of U.S. Navy naval electric power systems offers insight into advanced approaches for the design of future naval electric power systems. The unique characteristics of naval electric power systems are discussed, especially with regards to how they contrast with commercial utility power systems. In light of the background and uniqueness, the basic questions confronting the designer of naval electric power systems are offered.
Correlates of National-level Homicide Variation in Post-Communist East-Central Europe

This article examines whether correlates of cross-national homicide variation tested with data from highly developed, predominantly Western nations could also explain homicide rates in East-Central Europe. Using pooled time-series analyses of data from nine countries from 1990 through 2003, this study found that homicide rates were negatively related to GDP/ capita and positively related to ethnic diversity and population density. They were also negatively related to the percentage of young people and not significantly related to income inequality or divorce rates. This article also investigates whether conditions specific to the post-communist transformations contributed to homicide variation. Findings indicate that progressive reforms toward democratization and marketization decreased homicide rates. The discussion uses the socio-historical context of the nations to explain these results.
A Mutation in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein Destabilizes the Interaction of the Envelope Protein Subunits gp120 and gp41

The Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associates with the envelope protein complex during virus assembly. The available evidence indicates that this interaction involves recognition of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail (CT) by the matrix protein (MA) region of Pr55 Gag . Here we show that substitution of Asp for Leu at position 49 (L49D) in MA results in a specific reduction in particle-associated gp120 without affecting the levels of gp41. Mutant virions were markedly reduced in single-cycle infectivity despite a relatively modest defect in fusion with target cells. Studies with HIV-1 particles containing decreased levels of envelope proteins suggested that the L49D mutation also inhibits a postentry step in infection. Truncation of the gp41 tail, or pseudotyping by vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, restored both the fusion and infectivity of L49D mutant virions to wild-type levels. Truncation of gp41 also resulted in equivalent levels of gp120 on particles with and without the MA mutation and enhanced the replication of the L49D mutant virus in T cells. The impaired fusion and infectivity of L49D mutant particles were also complemented by a single point mutation in the gp41 CT that disrupted the tyrosine-containing endocytic motif. Our results suggest that an altered interaction between the MA domain of Gag and the gp41 cytoplasmic tail leads to dissociation of gp120 from gp41 during HIV-1 particle assembly, thus resulting in impaired fusion and infectivity.
Catalytic asymmetric carbohydroxylation of alkenes by a tandem diboration/Suzuki cross-coupling/oxidation reaction.

Chiral nonsymmetric 1,2-diboron adducts are generated by catalytic enantioselective diboration. Oxidation of these adducts provides 1,2-diols in good yield. Alternatively, 1,2-diboron compounds may be reacted, in situ, with aryl halides wherein the less hindered C−B bond participates in cross-coupling. The remaining C−B bond is then oxidized in the reaction workup thereby allowing for net asymmetric carbohydroxylation of alkenes in a tandem one-pot diboration/Suzuki coupling/oxidation sequence.
Carbon nanotube labeled immunosensor for lateral flow diagnostics

This paper presents the development and demonstration of a new immunosensor utilizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) labeled antibodies on lateral flow system. The developed immunosensor utilizes the unique properties of carbon nanotubes coupled with highly specific biorecognition capabilities of antibodies for sensitive, low-concentration, and rapid detection mechanism. Carbon nano-tubes are excellent electrical conductors, and have chemical stability, color generation, and large surface area for multiple functionalizations. The immunosensor is composed of porous membranes used to immobilize bioreceptors and transport sample reagents in lateral direction by capillary action. MWCNTs are conjugated with antibodies to make specific binding at the capture line. Signal quantification is provided based on colorimetric and conductimetric measurements at the capture line. The immunosensor in this work can further provide the base for accurate and simple detection principle to meet the demands of point-of-care devices with fully integrated electrical detection scheme.
MATING SUCCESS AND GENOTYPE FREQUENCY IN DROSOPHILA

Summary The mating success of different strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. paulistorum has been studied in Elens-Wattiaux observation chambers. When two kinds of females and of males are present, the mating success depends upon their relative frequencies. The less frequent kind, especially of males, is more successful in mating. In D. pseudoobscura this is so when strains with different chromosomes, of different geographic origins, mutant v. wildtype flies, and flies raised at different temperatures are tested. The frequency effect is not observed with two sexually isolated strains of D. paulistorum. The mating advantage fostered by rarity may increase the genetic diversity on the population concerned.
Incorporating iPads into a preclinical curriculum: A pilot study

Background: The incorporation of technology into medical education is critical for learners. Little is known about the effect of integrating iPad technology into undergraduate medical education.Aims: We introduced iPads into the first-year curriculum in 2011–2012. We aimed to evaluate students’ use of, and attitudes toward, the iPad.Methods: We administered two surveys to students during the 2011–2012 academic year. Additionally, we conducted focus groups to further evaluate the effectiveness of iPad integration into the curriculum.Results: Survey data reflect mixed attitudes toward the use of the iPad in the preclinical curriculum. While a vast majority of students agree “the iPad has value in the medical curriculum” (79% in the first survey; 65% in the second survey), there was a decrease over time in the view that “the iPad is a positive addition to the curriculum” (75% in the first survey; 49% in the second survey). Focus group data indicate students appreciate certain aspects of iPad use in the curri...
Interfacing kidney stroma with dendritic cells.

The vast majority of ongoing clinical trials using multipotent, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) seek to harness their immunomodulatory properties,[1][1] attesting to the regulatory interface that exists between MSCs and their stromal cell lineage and immunocytes. Specifically regarding
Back to the moon: The verification of a small microprocessor’s logic design

The original and primary task of self-test program Smalley3 was independent verification of the logic design of the LOLA DU (lunar orbiter laser altimeter digital unit) microprocessor. Tasks were added to verify continuing correct operation of this central processing unit (CPU) under margin testing for supply voltage, ambient temperature, and clock frequency. Finally, an on-orbit diagnostic task was added so that any malfunctions of LOLA in lunar orbit can be identified as faults in, or not in, the CPU. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft will be launched to the Moon in 2009 with six scientific instruments including LOLA, each containing an embedded microprocessor to perform real-time subsystem control calculations. LOLA's CPU is a small, custom-designed processor, designed to meet the mission requirements while minimizing resources. This 8-bit machine is essentially code compatible with Intel's 8085 but is implemented in modern technology, an advanced, radiation-hardened 0.15 mum gate array, with the only logic element types being a 4:1 multiplexor and a flip-flop. This paper explains the fundamental structure of the verification task, shows how particular instructions are verified, presents a high-coverage scheme for detecting inadvertent RAM alteration, describes subsystem testing of RAM, and reviews the results of the verification effort. Some infamous CPU design flaws from both the commercial industry and aerospace flight control systems are discussed.
Introduction to the Hematopoietic Growth Factors

The hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are an important class of biologic molecules which augment production and functional maturation of hematopoietic cells. As shown in Fig. 1.1, endogenous production of HGFs modulates a wide variety of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells derived from the myeloid stem cell including progenitor and precursor cells and more functionally mature cells. Clinically, recombinant or mimetic forms of these cytokines are utilized to reduce the severity and duration of hematologic complications resulting from impairment of granulocytopoiesis, erythropoiesis, or thrombopoiesis.
Women in Science: Biological Factors Should Not Be Ignored

Harvard President Lawrence Summers was repeatedly denounced for suggesting that innate sex differences might be causally related to the scarcity of women in certain scientific fields. Yet data from a variety of fields reveal that Summers's tentative suggestion could legitimately have been stated with much greater force. Sex differences exist in mathematical, spatial, and verbal abilities; "people versus thing orientation;" competitiveness; dominance-seeking; risk preference; and nurturance. These differences appear to be at least in part products of different selective pressures acting on the sexes during our evolutionary history and are proximately mediated by sex hormones acting primarily during fetal development and at and after puberty. Cognitive and temperamental sex differences appear to play a substantial role in observed workplace outcomes. The more spatial, mathematical, and abstract a field, the lower the frequency of women tends to be. Moreover, fields in which women are scarce tend to have the lowest social dimension, while those attracting larger numbers of women tend to have higher social content. An analysis that takes into account biological sex differences provides a richer and more plausible account of occupational distributions than one that assumes that no such differences exist.
Home but still engaged: participation in social activities among the homebound

Purpose Participation in social and community activities that require leaving one’s home is important to older adults; however, many older adults have difficulty or are unable to leave their dwellings, and little is known from national samples about issues related to remaining active outside the home or the barriers faced by these older adults.
195 A NOVEL MUTATION IN THE SH2D1A GENE PRODUCING FATAL X-LINKED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE.

A previously healthy 10-month-old boy was admitted with 1 week of fever, rash, and malaise. He appeared lethargic with a fever of 1028F and an elevated heart rate. He had a purpuric and petechial rash over his trunk and extremities and an erythematous bulging tympanic membrane note on the right. His liver was palpable 4 cm below the costal margin and he had no splenomegaly. His initial white blood cell count was 3.9 K/μL with 68% lymphocytes and 13% atypical lymphocytes. His hemoglobin was 8.1 mg/dL platelet count 36,000 K/μL. His liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase were all elevated. Epstein-Barr virus serology indicated acute infection. His immunoglobulins were all normal. He was treated with ceftriaxone for acute otitis media and possible bacteremia; over the next several days he improved clinically with less lethargy and improved appetite. However, his pancytopenia worsened necessitating red blood cell and platelet transfusions. His bilirubin and liver enzymes continued to increase. His triglycerides were slightly elevated and fibrinogen was decreased. A bone marrow biopsy revealed hypocellular marrow with no evidence of hemophagocytosis. He was treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, acyclovir, steroids, and chemotherapy. Three weeks into his illness he developed respiratory distress and was intubated. He developed progressive liver failure with coagulopathy and appeared septic. He passed away 24 days after the onset of his illness. Gene sequencing at the University of Washington identified a point mutation in exon 1 resulting in a new splice and the deletion of 22 base pairs, frame shift, and early termination of the SH2D1A confirming the diagnosis of XLP. His mother is a carrier for the mutation. His soluble interleukin-2 (sIL-2R) receptor level was 9311 U/mL and perforin studies were normal. Natural killer cell function was not able to be performed. XLP is a rare genetic disorder that usually affects previously healthy males in the first decade. The defective gene responsible for this disease encodes the protein SAP (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule or SLAM-associated protein, also called DSHP or SH2D1A). XLP can have a similar clinical picture to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and in series of HLH patients mutations in SAP are frequently found.
Colorimetric measurement of serum cholinesterase.

SummaryThe colorimetric esterase method of Gomori(5) was applied to studies on the cholinesterase activity of serum. The method was found to be applicable to studies on the action of anticholinesterase agents in vitro. It is also suitable for detecting exposure of humans to organic phosphorus-containing insecticides and for following serum cholinesterase levels during therapy with anticholinesterase drugs.
Cine y globalización en Iberoamérica: el papel de las coproducciones

El articulo estudia el fenomeno de las coproducciones cinematograficas en Iberoamerica dentro del contexto de la globalizacion. Para ello se explora, en primer lugar, el marco politico, economico y cultural en el que surgen, asi como sus origenes y precedentes en las relaciones culturales entre Espana y Latinoamerica. El ensayo se centra en los ultimos intentos por crear un espacio audiovisual iberoamericano al margen de las exaltaciones identitarias de antano. Las coproducciones internacionales, que empezaron a acaparar los mercados durante los 90 y que terminaron por imponerse a fines de la decada, aprovecharon el vacio resultante del desmantelamiento de las industrias locales como resultado de las politicas neoliberales, retomando ademas una tradicion de intercambios desiguales con Europa y los Estados Unidos. Tales coproducciones, omnipresentes en el audiovisual iberoamericano del siglo XXI, son productos emblematicos de la globalizacion: sus multiples referentes culturales, complejos sistemas de financiacion transnacional, repartos artisticos, equipos tecnicos y locaciones multinacionales, subrayan su condicion intercultural, migrante y posnacional. El resultado son filmes hibridos en los que las identidades se diluyen y se transforman en narrativas globales que, tanto en la forma como en el contenido, adquieren una naturaleza supranacional. Este tipo de mutaciones en las industrias audiovisuales debe ser entendido dentro de los procesos de desterritorializacion con que se caracteriza el mundo de la cultura en la era de la globalizacion.
Etiological Study and control of an aggregative ganglion case

Objectives To reveal the cause of aggregative ganglion cases and measures of ganglion control. Methods We investigated the morbidity situation of sheep and human in cases occurred area. We detected the brucella antibody in human and sheep with SAT test. At the same time,we separated the brucella from the samples of blood and ganglion fluid of the cases. All the sheep were eliminated,the situation was terminally disinfected,the infected patients found out were treated with anti- brucellosis methods. Results Collective abortion was found before and after the Spring Festival in 2011. From all the samples of40 sheep,15 were detected as brucellosis cases. We found out 42 persons with the contact history,symptoms and signs. SAT test showed that 7 ganglion cases,2 fever cases and 2 farmers without symptom,a total of 11 cases of positive. The result of the separation etiology of ganglion fluid was negative. We isolated the sheep type III brucella from a fever case blood. After the treatment,7 cases had not ganglion any more,and 2 fever cases were rehabilitated. Follow- up of 1 year was conducted,but no new case in the country was found. Conclusion Seven ganglion cases were diagnosed as brucellosis. Brucella infection is one of the causes of ganglion in the brucellosis epidemic area.
Truth Retrieved: Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

Conrad tells his story through a narrator, Marlow. It is difficult to avoid the impression that in this story the author is revealing his own thoughts about the human condition. The details of the narration, though sparingly delineated, draw the reader immediately into the deeper undercurrents of emotion and reflection on many weighty topics. The persistent imagery of darkness and light, playing against each other, effectively blends the physical and metaphysical dimensions of this metaphor. One aspect of this metaphor soon obtrudes itself: the immense darkness of the overwhelming cosmos is illumined — briefly — in human consciousness. That illumination is flickering unsteadily, ultimately doomed to oblivion in the immensity of time. Yet, while it lasts, the author seems to suggest, it can become a target of fascination — the way Kurtz becomes the all-consuming object of Marlow’s imagination.
A novel three-way rearrangement involving ETV6 (12p13) and ABL1 (9q34) with an unknown partner on 3p25 resulting in a possible ETV6-ABL1 fusion in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and a review of the literature

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is commonly characterized by several chromosomal abnormalities resulting in the formation of chimeric genes that play various roles in leukemogenesis. Translocations resulting in the ETV6-ABL1 fusion gene are rare in AML and other hematologic malignancies with only thirty-two previously reported cases in the literature, five of which were AML. Herein, we report the case of a 73-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia arising from MDS, negative for PDGFRA and PDGFRB, positive for bone marrow eosinophilia, rash, and marked fluid retention, which improved dramatically with imatinib therapy. Conventional cytogenetics revealed a t(3;9)(p25;q34), t(5;18)(q13;p11.2), and additional material of unknown origin at 12p11.2 in 2 out of 10 metaphases analyzed. Interphase FISH studies showed evidence of ETV6 (12p13) and ABL1 (9q34) rearrangements in 41.3 % and 5.7 % of the cells respectively. FISH studies on previously G-banded metaphases showed colocalization of ABL1 and ETV6 signals to the short arm of chromosome 3 at 3p25 suggesting a possible ETV6-ABL1 fusion. Subtelomeric metaphase FISH studies also showed the presence of a subtelomere 3p signal on the long arm of the derivative 9, and no subtelomere 3p signal on the derivative chromosome 12. These findings suggest a complex rearrangement involving an insertion of ETV6 into 3p25 followed by a reciprocal translocation involving 3p25 and 9q34, resulting in a possible ETV6-ABL1 fusion. This case highlights the importance of FISH to characterize complex rearrangements in myeloid malignancies, particularly those resulting in clinically significant chimeric genes.
Corn and soybean’s season-long in-situ nitrogen mineralization in drained and undrained soils

Many factors influence nitrogen (N) mineralization in agricultural soils. Our objective was to quantify cumulative (season-long) net N mineralization in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] in a corn-soybean rotation under different N and soil drainage management (drained and undrained) in poorly-drained soils. In-situ incubations were conducted over two growing seasons using a sequential core-sampling technique to measure net N mineralization. Differential drainage was imposed three-years before this study, in which time, the soil lost 2.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and 0.14 Mg N ha−1 year−1 due to tile-drainage. Overall greater total soil organic carbon (TOC) and total soil nitrogen (TN) in the undrained soil resulted in 2.7 times greater net N mineralization compared to the drained soil in the unfertilized control (0N), but the effect of drainage was inconsistent across years with N fertilization. Across all variables, soils mineralized 2.89% of TN in soybean residue and 0.94% of TN in corn residue. Nitrogen fertilization increased mineralization rate, as high as 9.6 kg N ha−1 day−1, compared to <2.2 kg N ha−1 day−1 for 0N. Overall, net N mineralization was 3.4 times greater with N fertilizer than the 0N, but fertilization made mineralization more variable. The impact of fertilization on boosting mineralization under differential soil drainage needs further refinement if we are to improve decision-making tools for N application based on soil mineralization predictions.
Deploying and optimizing performance of a 3D hydrodynamic model on cloud

Container-based cloud computing, as standardised and popularised by the open-source docker project has many potential opportunities for scientific application in highperformance computing. It promises highly flexible and available compute capabilities via cloud, without the resource overheads of traditional virtual machines. Further, productivity gains can be made by easy repackaging of images with additional developments, automated deployments, and version-control integrations. Nevertheless, the impact of container overhead and overlay network implementation and performance are areas that requires detailed study to allow for well-defined quality of service for typical HPC applications. This papers presents details on deploying the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) on a container-based cloud environment. Results are compared to a bare metal deployment. Application-specific benchmarking tests are complemented by detailed network tests that evaluate isolated MPI communication protocols both at intra-node and inter-node level with varying degrees of self-contention. Cloud-based simulations report significant performance loss in mean run-times. A containerised environment increases simulation time by up to 50%. More detailed analysis demonstrates that much of this performance penalty is a result of large variance in MPI communciation times. This manifests as simulation runtime variance on container cloud that hinders both simulation run-time and collection of well-defined quality-of-service metrics.
Financial and Health Literacy Predict Incident Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Pathology

BACKGROUND Domain specific literacy is a multidimensional construct that requires multiple resources including cognitive and non-cognitive factors. OBJECTIVE We test the hypothesis that domain specific literacy is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and AD pathology after controlling for cognition. METHODS Participants were community-based older persons who completed a baseline literacy assessment, underwent annual clinical evaluations for up to 8 years, and agreed to organ donation after death. Financial and health literacy was measured using 32 questions and cognition was measured using 19 tests. Annual diagnosis of AD dementia followed standard criteria. AD pathology was examined postmortem by quantifying plaques and tangles. Cox models examined the association of literacy with incident AD dementia. Performance of model prediction for incident AD dementia was assessed using indices for integrated discrimination improvement and continuous net reclassification improvement. Linear regression models examined the independent association of literacy with AD pathology in autopsied participants. RESULTS All 805 participants were free of dementia at baseline and 102 (12.7%) developed AD dementia during the follow-up. Lower literacy was associated with higher risk for incident AD dementia (p < 0.001), and the association persisted after controlling for cognition (hazard ratio = 1.50, p = 0.004). The model including the literacy measure had better predictive performance than the one with demographics and cognition only. Lower literacy also was associated with higher burden of AD pathology after controlling for cognition (β= 0.07, p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Literacy predicts incident AD dementia and AD pathology in community-dwelling older persons, and the association is independent of traditional measures of cognition.
The Concept of Citizenship Between Membership and Belonging

La theorie moderne de citoyennete a detache le concept de citoyen du concept de l’Etat-nation. Ce developpement a ete promu par des sociologues et politologues canadiens ainsi que par des philosophes canadiens en sciences politiques. Tous ceux-ci ont enrichi le discours autour de la notion de citoyennete d’idees portant sur l’aspect culturel de citoyennete (Kymlicka) et d’une conception de citoyennete en tant qu’un effort continu pour l’inclusion (Isin). Les deux approches fondent leurs modeles sur le concept d’identite et situent la citoyennete dans ce qui est generalement appele politique identitaire. A l’inverse, il est suppose que la citoyennete doit etre abordee dans l’optique d’une politique engagee. Ainsi, les groupes se voient dans l’obligation d’etablir des liens specifiques entre les individus dans le but d’assurer la possibilite d’engagements collectifs. En ce sens, la citoyennete se revele un outil pour definir et pratiquer de tels liens, mais elle n’en est qu’un parmi d’autres. Afin de mieux comprendre la place de la citoyennete en societe et en politique, il est bien necessaire de comprendre le role que joue la citoyennete en politique engagee. De ce point de vue, il devient clair que la citoyennete peut se construire selon deux facons: par l’appartenance et par l’adhesion. La recherche contemporaine de citoyennete a tendance a privilegier l’aspect d’appartenance tout en sous-estimant le concept de l’adhesion.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina Coatings onto SnS2 for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Abstract Tin disulfide (SnS2) hierarchical structures have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route for their utilization in lithium-ion batteries. The issue of fast capacity degradation over cycling because of the dramatic volume change that causes particle pulverization and poor contact between the active material and current collector is explored and alleviated for the first time by surface modification of the whole SnS2 electrode via a facile atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD allows the uniform formation of conformal Al2O3 coatings onto the porous electrode, and thereby succeeds to enhance their electrochemical performance. As compared, within fifty battery cycles the bare SnS2 electrode exhibits a final capacity of 219.2 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, while the coated electrode can deliver the final capacity of 351.1 mA h g−1 (60% larger). In addition, the capacity retention and rate capability of the coated electrode is found much better than that of the bare one. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses indicate that the resistance derived from solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and charge transfer process remains fairly smaller in the coated electrode than in the bare one. The better electrode kinetics accounts for the strengthened Li-ion intercalation behaviors of the modified electrodes, and demonstrates that ALD oxide coatings are able to enhance the mechanical integrity and structural stability of SnS2 electrodes, thus effectively impeding the pulverization of active particles and maintaining good electronic conduction paths and efficient charge transfer. Moreover, ALD coatings cover the entire electrode and reduce electrolyte decomposition to attenuate the SEI layer, which also contributes to the cyclability of SnS2.
Role of Basal Ganglia in Habit Learning and Memory: Rats, Monkeys, and Humans

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the basal ganglia mediate a form of learning in which hullian-like stimulus-response (S-R) habits are acquired and expressed. This hypothesis has largely been developed within the context of a multiple systems approach to memory organization. According to multiple memory systems theory, relatively independent brain systems support the acquisition of different types of memory. It discusses that multiple memory systems theory is derived from an analysis of the effects of damage to the hippocampal system on behavior across a wide range of learning tasks. This analysis revealed that the effects of hippocampal lesions on learning and memory were selective, producing impairment on tasks involving cognitive/relational memory, and sparing acquisition of tasks that are acquired using S-R habit learning. The chapter provides an overview of data supporting this hypothesis by focusing on evidence that the role of the basal ganglia in habit learning and memory generalizes across different mammalian species, including rats, monkeys, and humans. The chapter provides converging evidence for this view of the mnemonic function of the basal ganglia by highlighting a few prominent experiments from each of these species. Review of the findings from lower animals (rats and non-human primates) focuses on lesion studies, whereas description of the human research focuses on research involving patients with neuropsychological disorders and neuroimaging studies. These studies predominantly assessed the role of the striatum/caudate nucleus and putamen.