cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytokine production in the skin is regulated by metabolites from the microbiome that influence histone acetylation.

Immune functions of the skin, including cytokine production from epidermal keratinocytes, are influenced by the resident microbiota. We hypothesized that a prominent member of the normal skin microbiome, Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ), can affect cutaneous inflammation through the epigenetic mechanism of inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. GC-MS analysis revealed that P. acnes can generate high levels of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionic and valeric acid. These molecules increased levels of histone acetylation as seen by Western blot analysis of H3K9ac and H3K27ac and ChIP-PCR of H3K9ac in the IL-6 promoter. Using qPCR, RNA-sequencing, and multiplex ELISA we found that HDAC inhibition alone had no effect on cytokine production from primary cultures of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK), but greatly increased the production of many cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and CCL5) elicited by ligands of TLR2 or TLR3. In direct contrast, HDAC inhibition suppressed TLR-mediated inductions of these cytokines in monocytes and dendritic cells. The mechanism of inhibition in PBMCs and DCs was consistent with previous findings demonstrating increased expression of Mi-2β and activation of the NuRD co-repressor complex, events that were absent in NHEK. Inhibition of HDAC activity in mouse skin confirmed these responses in vivo . siRNA screening identified a novel mechanism involving HDAC8 and HDAC9 as responsible for these effects in keratinocytes. Together, these results show that the skin local environment and microbe-derived SCFAs influence inflammatory gene expression in a cell type-specific manner, thus explaining selective inflammation in diseases such as acne.
Combination of Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunofluorescence Imaging for Detection of Cytokine Expression in Microglia/Macrophage Cells

Microglia and macrophage cells are the primary producers of cytokines in response to neuroinflammatory processes. But these cytokines are also produced by other glial cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. It is essential to identify the cells that produce these cytokines to target their different levels of activation. We used dual RNAscope® fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques to visualize the mRNA expression pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia/macrophages cells. Using these methods, we can associate one mRNA to specific cell types when combining with different cellular markers by immunofluorescence. Results from RNAscope® probes IL-1β, TNFα, TGFβ, IL-10 or Arg1, showed colocalization with antibodies for microglia/macrophage cells. These target probes showed adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect mRNA expression. New FISH detection techniques combined with immunohistochemical techniques will help to jointly determine the protein and mRNA localization, as well as provide reliable quantification of the mRNA expression levels.
Laboratory Testing and Studies

The work up portion of the medical evaluation of a patient presenting with behavioral or psychiatric symptoms is one means to determine if the presentation is caused by or exacerbated by a medical problem. The prime determinate of the causation is the history and physical and rarely the testing.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in premenopausal women does not alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone.

Sex hormones appear to play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The objective was to isolate the effects of estradiol (E2) on central activation of the H...
Sticks, Stones, and Broken Bones: Protest Violence and the State:

From armed-building occupations to fisticuffs between protesters and police at otherwise peaceful demonstrations, protest violence is an essential part of the politics of protest. In this article, ...
Letter from Guest Editor for Special Issue CEP-ASHE

Dr. Dafina-Lazarus Stewart, chair on the Council of Ethnic Participation (CEP) for the Association of the Study of Higher Education, describes the inspiration for the JCTP Special Issue and highlights the critical submissions published in the Special Issue that were first presented the CEP Pre-Conference forum in St. Louis, MO in November 2013.
Reflections on Collaboration Between Mathematics and Mathematics Education

Our chapter is in four sections. Michele Artigue tells the story of her transition from mathematical logic to mathematics education and of collaborations at a wide variety of institutional levels. Gunter Torner gives a history of collaboration between mathematics and mathematics education in Germany along with a list of recommendations to foster collaboration. Ehud de Shalit shares lessons learned from personal experiences collaborating in the production of a math fair and in the design of a mathematics education major. Pat Thompson tells of several collaborative efforts at his home institution and examines ways that mathematics education contributed mathematically to them. A concluding section provides a reflection on our charge—structural and cultural issues involved in collaborations between mathematics and mathematics education.
Rhetoric of Popular Culture and Representations of Biomedicine

Representations of biomedicine are found widely in popular culture: doctor shows, rage virus outbreaks, zombies, pandemics, news reports of exotic illnesses, and so forth. This essay offers a way to understand the rhetorical effects of such representations on audiences. Not every text that represents biomedical phenomena will be at a literal, expository level. Depictions of rage viruses must be fictional and literary. Yet they may have powerful rhetorical effects on audiences. The essay explores a method of homological analysis that can show how such texts may influence an audience rhetorically at the level of form, and across widely disparate texts and experiences.
Analytical Blocking Model for Generalized Light-tree in Optical WDM Networks

The manycast communication paradigm is becoming increasingly important in today’s optical networks, wherein connection requests from a source node can be routed to a subset of a candidate destination set. This flexibility in choosing different destinations from a larger candidate destination set helps improve the network performance. In this paper, we develop a new analytical model to compute the network-wide blocking performance for generalized manycast routing and wavelength assignment (MRWA) in optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. Specifically, we calculate the request blocking on full-wavelength convertible optical networks based on Markov chains and conditional probability analysis. Performance results show that our model is accurate and is verified by extensive simulation results.
Characterizing and assessing antiemetic underuse in patients initiating highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Patients initiating highly emetic chemotherapy (HEC) are at a 90% risk of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Despite guideline-concordant antiemetic prescribing preventing CINV in up to 80% of patients, studies suggest that guideline-concordant antiemetic regimen use by patients initiating HEC is sub-optimal. However, these studies have been limited to single-site or single-cancer type with limited generalizability. The objective of this study was to describe antiemetic fill regimens and to assess predictors of underuse in the USA. Our study population was adult patients under the age of 65 with cancer initiating intravenous HEC between 2013 and 2015 with employer-sponsored insurance in the IBM Watson/Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims database (N = 31,923). Descriptive statistics were used to explain antiemetic prescribing patterns, including antiemetic underuse. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with antiemetic underuse. Among individuals initiating HEC, 49% underused guideline-concordant antiemetics. Most classified as under-using lacked an NK1 fill. While dexamethasone and 5HT3A uptake was over 80%, olanzapine use was minimal. Having lower generosity for prescription and medical benefits (paying more versus less than 20% out-of-pocket) increased the underuse risk by 3% and 4% (RR,1.03; 95% CI,1.01–1.05; P = 0.01 and RR,1.04; CI, 1.00–1.09; P = 0.03), respectively. Additionally, compared to receiving chemotherapy in the physician office setting, patients were at a 28% (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25–1.30; P < 0.0001) higher underuse risk in the outpatient hospital setting. Antiemetic underuse is high in patients initiating HEC, potentially leading to avoidable CINV events. We found that insurance generosity has a minimal effect on antiemetic guideline concordance in this population, suggesting discordance may be the result of site of care as well as gaps in provider knowledge or accountability.
Effect of Background Parenchymal Enhancement on Cancer Risk Across Different High-Risk Patient Populations Undergoing Screening Breast MRI.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on breast cancer risk across different high-risk patient populations undergoing screening ...
A facile, one-pot synthesis of beta-substituted (Z)-acrylonitriles utilizing an alpha-diaminoboryl carbanion.

A simple three-step single-pot procedure for Z-stereoselective synthesis of β-monosubstituted acrylonitriles has been established. The reaction involves olefination of aldehydes with an in situ generated α-diaminoboryl carbanion species. Various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were smoothly converted into the corresponding (Z)-olefin products (up to 96:4 ratio) in good yields (80−98%).
Unmasking Bad Faith: the Enduring Potential of Peter Berger’s Sociology

Peter Baehr develops a necessary critique of the “unmasking style” in contemporary social theory and contemporary sociology. His analysis suggests that unmasking devolves into “a democratic bloodsport” preoccupied with humiliating opponents rather than pursuit of truth. I find the argument persuasive and insightful. But I question the place Baehr assigns to Peter Berger in his assessment of the unmasking style. In this review essay I reconsider Peter Berger’s “debunking” sociology as an antidote to bad faith.
Chapter 38 – Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is a much more complex and interesting idea than many realize. Although there were in the 19th century those who subscribed to the traditional idea of society ruled by “nature red in tooth and claw,” from the first there were diverse opinions and social claims running all the way from harsh capitalism to outright socialism. Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer set the terms of the debate, and these debates continued down through the 20th century and to the present. Care should be taken before one includes a social theorist under the umbrella. There is, for instance, little reason to count Adolf Hitler a full-fledged social Darwinian. There is, however, reason to think Edward O. Wilson a social Darwinian.
PolyTile 2.0: Programmable microtextured ceramic architectural tiles embedded with environmentally responsive biofunctionality:

PolyTile 2.0 interrogates the potential of programmable biofunctionalities in our constructed architectural environments through the development of advanced ceramic bio-tiles. These tiles utilize n...
Improving the photostability of printed organic photovoltaics through luminescent solar concentrators

Abstract In this study, we propose to improve the photostability of large-area (up to 19.35 cm2) printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) through luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), which convert high-energy short-wavelength (λ 600 nm) photons. We investigate the impacts of the luminophore concentration and waveguide surface roughness on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV-LSCs with sizes from 1 inch (2.54 cm) to 12 inches (30.48 cm), corresponding to front surface areas from 6.4516 cm2 to 929.0304 cm2. For the 6-inch (232.26-cm2) OPV-LSCs, the results show that a high waveguide surface roughness (Rq = 63 nm) leads to devices with a high device PCE (ηLSC = 0.93%) and wide external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 400 nm to 800 nm. Detailed edge emission analysis on the luminescent waveguides indicates an edge emission with a large fraction (>95%) of long-wavelength photons comprised of a large fraction (>25%) of near-infrared (NIR) (λ > 700 nm) light. This leads to the photostability (defined as the hours when the PCE drops by 10%) of the OPV-LSCs significantly improved to 320 h under continuous 1 sun illumination (the photostability of the OPVs is only 25 h). The approach of OPV-LSCs paves the way to practically improve the photostability of large-area printed OPVs.
A Socratic in the Late Modern Democratic City

Pierre Manent opens his study of natural law with an investigation into the dominant opinion concerning justice in the contemporary democratic city. A modern-day Socratic, he traces it to a specifi...
Acculturation, coping, and PTSD in Hispanic 9/11 rescue and recovery workers.

Objective: Research examining the responders of the World Trade Center terrorist attacks of 9/11 has found that Hispanic responders are at greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than non-Hispanic White responders. However, no studies have examined how acculturation may influence the relationship between coping and PTSD in Hispanic 9/11 responders. This novel study is the first to examine differences in coping and PTSD among Hispanic responders by level of acculturation. Methods: The sample is composed of 845 Hispanic 9/11 responders who were seen at the World Trade Center Health Program and participated in a web-based survey. Using logistic and multiple linear regression, we examined how acculturation is related to their coping strategies and risk for PTSD. We also tested for interaction to examine whether level of acculturation moderated the relationship between coping and PTSD symptom severity. Results: Key findings revealed that higher acculturation is associated with the use of substances, venting, and humor to cope, while lower acculturation is associated with the use of active coping and self-distraction in this sample. We also found that less acculturated responders were more likely to experience more severe PTSD. Lastly, our findings revealed that Hispanics who are more acculturated and used substances to cope had more severe PTSD than less acculturated responders. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to consider the role of acculturation in Hispanic responders' coping and PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
To eat, or not to eat, that is the question: Neural stem cells escape phagocytosis in autism with macrocephaly.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder that is thought to emerge very early in development. Cerebral overgrowth, which is clinically referred to as macrocephaly, is frequently observed in children with ASD, and brain imaging studies have reported increases in both gray- and white-matter volume (1⇓⇓⇓⇓–6). Children with these early signs of brain enlargement have been shown to be part of an ASD group with high probability of receiving a diagnosis (3, 5⇓–7). The presence of additional numbers of neurons and increased cortical thickness in the prefrontal cortex of the postmortem brain from ASD patients complement these clinical observations (8). Copy number variation (CNV) in the 16p region of chromosome 16 has been linked to ASD and can manifest in opposing head sizes. Deletion of 16p11.2, which is probably one of the most well-known CNVs linked to ASD, generally leads to macrocephaly, whereas duplications in this region have been associated with smaller head sizes (9⇓⇓–12). The cellular mechanisms that underlie these opposing phenotypes remain unknown. Considering that live human brain tissues are inaccessible to study the cellular mechanisms that are contributing to these phenomena, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies has propelled research on this front as it allows researchers to generate any type of cell from human skin or blood. In PNAS, Li et al. take advantage of such an approach to explore the cellular mechanisms that could be involved in gray- and white-matter enlargement related to ASD (13). Here, iPSCs from a cohort of 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers were used to derive specific cellular models of the developing brain, in particular neural stem cells (NPCs), the precursors that will continue to form the cells of the gray … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sschafer{at}salk.edu or gage{at}salk.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Topology Identification of Power Distribution Systems Using Time Series of Voltage Measurements

Topology identification in transmission systems has historically been accomplished using SCADA measurements. In distribution systems, however, SCADA measurements are insufficient to determine system topology. An accurate system topology is essential for distribution system monitoring and operation. Recently there has been a proliferation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) by the electrical utilities, which improved the visibility into distribution systems. These measurements offer a unique capability for Distribution System Topology Identification (DSTI). A novel approach to DSTI is presented in this paper which utilizes the voltage magnitudes collected by distribution grid sensors to facilitate identification of the topology of the distribution network in real-time using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Regularized Diagonal Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (RDQDA). The results show that this method can leverage noisy voltage magnitude readings from load buses to accurately identify distribution system reconfiguration between radial topologies during operation under changing loads.
TRPV1: Role in Skin and Skin Diseases and Potential Target for Improving Wound Healing

Skin is innervated by a multitude of sensory nerves that are important to the function of this barrier tissue in homeostasis and injury. The role of innervation and neuromediators has been previously reviewed so here we focus on the role of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in wound healing, with the intent of targeting it in treatment of non-healing wounds. TRPV1 structure and function as well as the outcomes of TRPV1-targeted therapies utilized in several diseases and tissues are summarized. In skin, keratinocytes, sebocytes, nociceptors, and several immune cells express TRPV1, making it an attractive focus area for treating wounds. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors confound the function and targeting of TRPV1 and may lead to adverse or off-target effects. Therefore, a better understanding of what is known about the role of TRPV1 in skin and wound healing will inform future therapies to treat impaired and chronic wounds to improve healing.
Trends in food insecurity rates at an academic primary care clinic: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Healthcare organizations are increasingly screening and addressing food insecurity (FI); yet, limited data exists from clinic-based settings on how FI rates change over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate household FI trends over a two-year period at a clinic that implemented a FI screening and referral program. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted for all visits at one academic primary care clinic for all children aged 0-18 years whose parents/guardians had been screened for FI at least once between February 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019 (Year 1) and screened at least once between March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020 (Year 2). Bivariate analyses tested for differences in FI and demographics using chi-square tests. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess change in FI between Years 1 and 2 with random intercept for participants controlling for covariates. The interaction between year and all covariates was evaluated to determine differences in FI change by demographics. RESULTS Of 6182 patients seen in Year 1, 3691 (59.7%) were seen at least once in Year 2 and included in this study. In Year 1, 19.6% of participants reported household FI, compared to 14.1% in Year 2. Of those with FI in Year 1, 40% had FI in Year 2. Of those with food security in Year 1, 92.3% continued with food security in Year 2. Compared to Hispanic/Latinx participants, African American/Black (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.33, 5.34; p < 0.001) and White (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.36; p = 0.03) participants had higher odds of reporting FI. African American/Black participants had the largest decrease in FI between Years 1 and 2 (- 7.9, 95% CI: - 11.7, - 4.1%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Because FI is transitional, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities, screening repeatedly can identify families situationally experiencing FI.
Epoxides as Obligatory Intermediates in the Metabolism of Olefins to Glycols

Abstract In the presence of rat liver microsomes and NADPH n-1-octene, n-4-octene and 3-ethyl-2-pentene were converted to the glycols with no trace of epoxides. Increased substitution of ethylenic hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups was found to retard the rate of biological oxidation but to enhance that of epoxidation by perbenzoic acid in chloroform. Microsomes without cofactors hydrolyzed the monosubstituted ethylene oxide more rapidly than the di- or trisubstituted derivatives. The relative rates were in the opposite order of those predicted for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The epoxides were found capable of inhibiting epoxide hydrolase. Incubation of microsomes and NADPH with 1 mm n-1-octene in the presence of 20 mm 4,5-epoxy-n-octane yielded both 1,2-epoxy-n-octane and n-octane-1,2-diol. However, in the presence of 20 mm 1,2-epoxy-n-octane, 1 mm n-4-octene yielded 4,5-epoxy-n-octane but no n-octane-4,5-diol. The complete replacement of n-octane-4,5-diol by 4,5-epoxy-n-octane in the presence of the inhibitor indicates that the epoxide is an obligatory intermediate in the conversion of n-4-octene to the glycol.
Office Examination of the Glaucoma Patient

The initial examination of the patient with presumed glaucoma or glaucoma suspect status should be a problem-focused, enhanced version of the “new” patient set of clinical observations, diagnostic tests, and history taking routinely done by all ophthalmologists. My perspective in this chapter shall be that of a community-based glaucoma subspecialist, working in a group ophthalmology practice. I see patients referred for glaucoma-related diagnostic workup, consultation, and possible treatment. Everything I describe or recommend here should be well within the current or attainable skill sets of most eye care physicians and the facilities of average office environments. This chapter should serve as an informal guide for residents, fellows, and comprehensive ophthalmologists who wish to incorporate evidence-based diagnosis and patient management techniques into their glaucoma practices. I will also consider the occasional need for and use of advanced diagnostic technology that might be available for patients referred to academic medical centers, such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
A model of self -transformative identity development in troubled adolescent youth

OF THE DISSERTATION A MODEL OF SELF-TRANSFORMATIVE IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN TROUBLED ADOLESCENT YOUTH by Richard E. Albrecht Florida International University, 2007 Miami, Florida Professor William Kurtines, Major Professor Within the Stage II program evaluation of the Miami Youth Development Project's (YDP) Changing Lives Program (CLP), this study evaluated CLP intervention effectiveness in promoting positive change in emotion-focused identity exploration (i.e. feelings of personal expressiveness; PE) and a "negative" symptom of identity development (i.e. identity distress; ID) as a first step toward the investigation of a selftransformative model of identity development in adolescent youth. Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study found that participation in the CLP is associated with positive changes in PE (path = .841, p < .002), but not changes in ID. Increase in ID scores was found to be associated with increases in PE (path = .229, p < .002), as well. Intervention effects were not moderated by age/stage, gender, or ethnicity, though differences were found in the degree to which participating subgroups (AfricanAmerican/Hispanic, male/female, 14-16 years old/17-19 years old) experience change in PE and ID. Findings also suggest that moderate levels of ID may not be deleterious to identity exploration and may be associated with active exploration.
Tai Chi exercise and the improvement of mental and physical health among college students.

Background/Aims: Physical exercise has positive effects on the body as well as on the mind. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on college students’ perceptions
Design and methods of a postmarketing pharmacoepidemiology study assessing long-term safety of Prolia ® (denosumab) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis ‡

Purpose To describe the rationale and methods for a prospective, open-cohort study assessing the long-term safety of Prolia® for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in postmarketing settings. Methods Data will be derived from United States Medicare, United Healthcare, and Nordic (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) national registries. Observation will begin on the date of first Prolia® regulatory approval (May 26, 2010) and continue for 10 years. Women with PMO will be identified by postmenopausal age, osteoporosis diagnosis, osteoporotic fracture, or osteoporosis treatment. Exposure to Prolia® and bisphosphonates will be updated during follow-up; exposure cohorts will be defined based on patient-years during which patients are on- or post-treatment. Nine adverse events (AEs) will be assessed based on diagnosis codes: osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), atypical femoral fracture (AFF), fracture healing complications, hypocalcemia, infection, dermatologic AEs, acute pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, and new primary malignancy. Medical review will confirm selected potential cases of ONJ and AFF. Incidence rates (IRs) of AEs will be described overall and for exposure cohorts; multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models will compare IRs of AEs across exposure cohorts. Utilization patterns of Prolia® for approved, and unapproved indications will be described. Conclusion This study is based on comprehensive preliminary research and considers methodological challenges specific to the study population. The integrated data systems used in this regulatory committed program can serve as a powerful data resource to assess diverse and rare AEs over time. © 2013 Amgen Inc. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
'Like signposts on the road': The Function of Literacy in Constructing Black Queer Ancestors

Previous scholarship in literacy and composition has noted the importance and function of ancestors in the literacy and rhetorical practices of descendants. However, such research has not explored how ancestorship functions for people at the marginalized intersection of racialized otherness and queer sexualities and genders. This article offers one response to this gap by reporting on the role of literacy in the life stories of sixty Black queer people residing in various regions across the United States who named historical erasure as a particularly detrimental form of oppression enacted by, though subverted through, literacy. An analysis of participants' uses of literacy to navigate historical erasure reveals that as participants encounter historical erasure, they disrupt its negative impact through four patterns of ancestorship: (1) literacy is used to create, discover, and affirm relationships to ancestors; (2) ancestors model the multiplicity of identities as a category of rhetorical analysis; (3) descendants’ identity formation/affirmation is affected by an ancestors’ writing and lives; and (4) descendants receive cross-generational mandates to become ancestors through literacy. Further, while African American literacies and LGBTQ literacies have each emerged as potent areas of scholarship in literacy and composition studies, the absence of a sustained and substantive discussion at the intersection of both areas contributes to a larger critical vacuum in rhetoric and composition in which we have overlooked the literacy and composition practices shaped at the intersection of race and queerness. This article begins to address this oversight through an in-depth exploration of a specific literacy and rhetorical practice among Black LGBTQ people.
Intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma causing subacute loss of vision.

A 37-year-old woman presented with left eye pain, headaches, and vision loss. MRI showed a left sphenoid mass, with optic nerve compression and proptosis (figure 1). The left eye had minimal reactivity to light, scleral erythema, and proptosis. A metastatic lesion or a lymphoma was suspected; however, pathology showed an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (figure 2). There was no extracranial disease. Intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is rare, with around 40 reports. Thirty-two percent show local invasion, mortality is 15%, 24% recur, and 15% metastasize.1 It is associated with the WWTR1/CAMTA1 fusion protein.2 The treatment is surgery, with unclear roles for adjuvant therapy.1
Using Runtime Analysis to Guide Model Checking of Java Programs

This paper describes how two runtime analysis algorithms, an existing data race detection algorithm and a new deadlock detection algorithm, have been implemented to analyze Java programs. Runtime analysis is based on the idea of executing the program once, and observing the generated run to extract various kinds of information. This information can then be used to predict whether other different runs may violate some properties of interest, in addition of course to demonstrate whether the generated run itself violates such properties. These runtime analyses can be performed stand-alone to generate a set of warnings. It is furthermore demonstrated how these warnings can be used to guide a model checker, thereby reducing the search space. The described techniques have been implemented in the home grown Java model checker called Java PathFinder.
SCN5A variant that blocks fibroblast growth factor homologous factor regulation causes human arrhythmia

Nav channels are essential for metazoan membrane depolarization, and Nav channel dysfunction is directly linked with epilepsy, ataxia, pain, arrhythmia, myotonia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Human Nav channelopathies are primarily caused by variants that directly affect Nav channel permeability or gating. However, a new class of human Nav channelopathies has emerged based on channel variants that alter regulation by intracellular signaling or cytoskeletal proteins. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are a family of intracellular signaling proteins linked with Nav channel regulation in neurons and myocytes. However, to date, there is surprisingly little evidence linking Nav channel gene variants with FHFs and human disease. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that mutations in SCN5A (encodes primary cardiac Nav channel Nav1.5) that alter FHF binding result in human cardiovascular disease. We describe a five*generation kindred with a history of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death. Affected family members harbor a novel SCN5A variant resulting in p.H1849R. p.H1849R is localized in the central binding core on Nav1.5 for FHFs. Consistent with these data, Nav1.5 p.H1849R affected interaction with FHFs. Further, electrophysiological analysis identified Nav1.5 p.H1849R as a gain-of-function for INa by altering steady-state inactivation and slowing the rate of Nav1.5 inactivation. In line with these data and consistent with human cardiac phenotypes, myocytes expressing Nav1.5 p.H1849R displayed prolonged action potential duration and arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations. Together, these findings identify a previously unexplored mechanism for human Nav channelopathy based on altered Nav1.5 association with FHF proteins.
The effect of pH on the chelation of lead with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate for atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract A standard method involving chelation of lead with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone was investigated as to the effect of the pH of chelation on the absorbance and stability of the extracted lead. The maximum sensitivity to lead occurs at low pH values, but rapid degradation of the absorption also occurs at low pH values. Higher pH values give lower sensitivity, but provide better stability with time.
Characterization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the central nervous system of African lungfish.

Abstract Central administration of thryotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produces potent effects on various physiological parameters, such as arousal, respiration, and cardiovascular function, in several species. As part of an investigation into the evolution of this tripeptide as a central modulator of these parameters, we examined its distribution in the central nervous system of the African lungfish ( Protopterus ). Lungfish brains were dissected into three regions: telencephalon, diencephalon, and medulla. Each region was assayed for TRH by radioimmunoassay and for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin by HPLC/electrochemical methods. TRH immunoreactivity (IR-TRH) was present in all regions of lungfish brain examined. The telencephalon contained the highest concentrations of TRH, the diencephalon also contained a high concentration of TRH, and the medulla contained a markedly lower concentration. Similar concentration gradients (telencephalon > diencephalon > medulla) were observed for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The identity of IR-TRH as authentic TRH was confirmed by elution profiles on HPLC. The results of this investigation demonstrated that TRH and the monoamine neurotransmitters are present in high concentrations in various regions of lungfish brain. The lungfish may represent a promising model for further studies of the interactions of TRH with these neurotransmitter systems.
[Microbiological synthesis of C14-uniformly labeled L(+) and D(-)- lactate].

Abstract A microbiological method has been devised for the synthesis of C 14 -uniformly labeled l (+)- and d (−)-lactic acids. The antipodes were isolated as the zinc salts and were characterized by water of crystallization; optical rotation; elemental analysis of carbon, hydrogen, and ash; and homogeneity by paper chromatography. Free lactic acid for use in metabolic studies was prepared by passing a solution of zinc lactate through Dowex-50.
The Discovery of Lake Effect Snow

Adapted and excerpted from Lake Effect: Tales of Large Lakes, Arctic Winds, and Recurrent Snows, available in September from Syracuse University Press. When they think of snow, most New Yorkers thi...
The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: Environmental or Economic Sustainability?

In 2000 the U.S. Congress authorized the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). At an estimated cost of $7.8 billion, it represents the most ambitious effort in recent U.S. history to reform a water management infrastructure. This infrastructure is located in South Florida and controls water in the Everglades. As the title of this plan indicates, the effort to reform this water manipulation system is being promoted as a means to restore the health of the Everglades eco-system. By placing CERP within a historical context, the author of this paper demonstrates that CERP is a continuation of the historic process to utilize the Everglades – its land, water and soil – as a means to maximize capital accumulation. This process has been led and shaped by economic elites and producer groups, which is consistent with the business dominance view of the policymaking process. Finally, the portrayal of CERP as an effort to restore the health of the Everglades eco-system obfuscates the fact that it is predominately a water supply plan designed to further urban growth, and that CERP contains some significant hazards for the environment in the Everglades.
A political ecology of beef in colonial Tanzania and the global periphery, 1864–1961

Abstract British colonial policy makers in East Africa from the 1930s to about 1960 drew on a model of pastoral industrialization that had its origins in the Chaco savannas of Paraguay earlier in the century. Based on the political ecology of a particular sector of beef processing – meat extract and corned beef – most famously represented by Liebig's Extract of Meat Company (Lemco), it was hoped that this company's ability to consume tens of thousands of marginal ‘scrub’ or ‘famine’ cattle as the raw material for its products would ease pressures on African land that contributed to desertification and soil erosion. Following World War II, colonial policy experts, especially veterinarians, enticed Lemco to Tanganyika in advance of a planned destocking campaign designed to develop cattle, cattle owners, and pastures along modern ranching lines, in large part owing to perceptions of a world meat shortage. The failure to modernize the cattle environment in the late colonial period and beyond stemmed largely from Lemco's structural reliance on unimproved cattle that were most suited to arid grasslands of global peripheries.
Is Gracefulness a Supervenient Property

G. E. Moore, R. M. Hare and other recent analysts have contended that good is a supervenient property, i.e. that if one object possesses it and another lacks it, they must differ in some other property as well. As Hare observes, it would be improper to say of two pictures P and Q that “P is exactly like Q in all respects save this one, that P is a good picture and Q not,” for “there must be some further difference between them to make one good and the other not.”1 In the present paper, I shall consider whether the same point is true of the aesthetic quality gracefulness. There is, at any rate, a prima-facie case for supposing that gracefulness may be supervenient, namely that if anyone applies the term “graceful” to an object, he can appropriately be asked for a reason.
The microstructural and microchemical characterization of samples from the TMI-2 core

Abstract Samples of materials from various regions of the TMI-2 reactor core and vessel have been examined at Argonne National Laboratory with a variety of microanalytical techniques. The purpose of these examinations is to characterize the microstructure and microchemistry of the materials so that their origin could be determined, their fission-product content evaluated, and their role in the accident scenario assessed. Macroscopic and microscopic composition inhomogeneities in melted fuel from different reactor locations indicate different cooling rates and solidification temperatures. The mobility of molten fuel could have been enhanced by a low temperature eutectic in the FeCrO system. Stainless steel-clad AgInCd control rods could have failed from a eutectic reaction between the Zircaloy guide tubes and the cladding. Significant concentrations of fission products were not found, but their release from the fuel did not appear to be enhanced by gas-generated channels along grain boundaries.
Metropolitan population size and economic well-being.

A multi-equation recursive model is specified wherein the level and inequality of income in US metropolitan areas are functions of population labor force characteristics industrial structure and occupational structure. Parameters are estimated for a 1980 sample of 120 standard metropolitan statistical areas representative of all population sizes. These parameters suggest that metropolitan areas of 1.9 million population demonstrate on average the greatest inequality ceteris paribus. Population proved not to be strongly correlated with per capita income either directly or indirectly. (authors)
The influence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and sucrose on storage of carnation at −3°C

Abstract Open carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers survived storage at −3°C for 20 days if previously pulsed with 6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 20% sucrose. However, vase life after removal was only 1 day. With 15 days storage, such flowers were acceptable for 7.5 days. With DMSO alone, the possible freezing time was shorter than with sucrose alone. A 5% solution of DMSO increased longevity compared to the water control when flowers were not stored.
A method for solution NMR structural studies of large integral membrane proteins: reverse micelle encapsulation.

The structural study of membrane proteins perhaps represents one of the greatest challenges of the post-genomic era. While membrane proteins comprise over 50% of current and potential drug targets, their structural characterization lags far behind that of soluble proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers great potential not only with respect to structural characterization of integral membrane proteins but may also provide the ability to study the details of small ligand interactions. However, the size limitations of solution NMR have restricted comprehensive structural characterization of membrane protein NMR structures to the relatively small β-barrel proteins or helical proteins of relatively simple topology. In an effort to escape the barriers presented by slow molecular reorientation of large integral membrane proteins solubilized by detergent micelles in water, we have adapted the reverse micelle encapsulation strategy originally developed for the study of large soluble proteins by solution NMR methods. Here we review a novel approach to the solubilization of large integral membrane proteins in reverse micelle surfactants dissolved in low viscosity alkane solvents. The procedure is illustrated with a 54 kDa construct of the homotetrameric KcsA potassium channel.
Tractable schedulability analysis and resource allocation for real-time multimodal systems

Real-time multimedia subsystems often require support for switching between different resource and application execution modes. To ensure that timing constraints are not violated during or after a subsystem mode change, real-time schedulability analysis is required. However, existing time-efficient multimode schedulability analysis techniques for application-only mode changes are not appropriate for subsystems that require changes in the resource execution behavior (e.g., processors with dynamic power modes). Furthermore, all existing multimode schedulability analysis that handles both resource and application mode changes is highly exponential and not scalable for subsystems with a moderate or large number of modes. As a result, the notion of resource optimality is still unaddressed for real-time multimodal systems. In this report, we first address the lack of tractable schedulability analysis for such subsystems by proposing a model for characterizing multiple resource and application modes and by deriving a sufficient schedulability test that has pseudo-polynomial time complexity. Finally, we propose an algorithm which leverages this pseudo-polynomial schedulability analysis to optimize the resource usages (e.g., to minimize peak-power load) of a multimodal real-time system. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms for schedulability analysis and resource allocation, when compared with previously-proposed approaches, require significantly less time and are just as precise.
Competitive production scheduling: A two-firm, noncooperative finite dynamic game

In this paper, we study the production scheduling problem in a competitive environment. Two firms produce the same product and compete in a market. The demand is random and so is the production capacity of each firm, due to random breakdowns. We consider a finite planning horizon. The scheduling problem is formulated as a finite dynamic game. Algorithms are developed to determine the security, hazard, and Nash policies. Numerical examples are discussed. A single-firm optimization model is also analyzed and it is observed that the production control policy from the single-firm optimization model may not perform well in a competitive environment.
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Stroke Rehabilitation: Factor Structure and Relationship to Outcome

The present study attempted to replicate the findings of previous factor analytic studies of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a homogeneous sample of patients suffering recent cerebrovascular accidents and being treated in a comprehensive inpatient physical rehabilitation program. In addition this study examined the relationship of the WCST to standard measures of functional ability used in many rehabilitation programs. The results confirmed the previously reported three-factor structure and replicated past findings concerning the test's construct validity. A small but significant relationship was noted between the WCST and functional status, though the WCST did not make a unique contribution to the prediction of functional status at discharge. This study highlights the similarities and differences in WCST factor structure in a stroke sample compared to a more general neurological sample and raises questions about the utility of the WCST in stroke rehabilitation.
Profiling floats fully deployed

The Argo network of sensor-bearing profiling floats, which allows scientists to observe the basic physical state of the world's oceans, reached its full deployment of 3000 units on 1 November, according to the Argo steering committee. With the full deployment of these floats—which measure ocean water temperature, salinity, and velocity—data from every ocean region are available with an average coverage of one sensor per 3 degrees of latitude and longitude. The floats drift on ocean currents for 10 days, descend to up to 2000 meters in depth, and return to the surface to beam results to passing satellites.
Mucinous eccrine carcinoma of the eyelid.

Background. Mucinous eccrine carcinoma (MEC) is a rare malignant tumor that typically arises in the periorbital area. Methods. The authors report the 73rd case of primary MEC of the skin. This patient's clinicopathologic findings and the world literature are reviewed. Results. Patient ages range from 8-84 years (median, 63 years). The male-to-female ratio was approximately 2:1. The racial distribution was 67% white, 32% black, and 4% Asian. Primary MEC originates in the head and neck region in approximately 75% of patients. The most common location was the periorbital area (40% or 29 of 73 patients). The local recurrence rate after conventional surgery was: eyelid, 34%; scalp, 36%; and face, 33%. Conclusions. Primary MEC is often a slow-growing tumor that may recur after traditional surgical excision. Recurrent eyelid MEC tends to be locally destructive with a regional metastatic rate of 3.5% (1 of 29). The regional metastatic rate for all sites was 11%, and the distant metastatic rate was 3%.
A Fast, High-Current Photomultiplier

The development of the dynode section of a sub-nsec photomultiplier with an output of >2 amp is described. The estimated transit time per stage is about 0.3 nsec, with a spread of about 0.01 nsec. Results using 12 dynodes are outlined. The tube has a very short accelerationdeceleration region, which gives a short transit time and a small transit-time dispersion. (T.F.H.)